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Rosa Franklin a Life in Health Care, Public Service, and Social Justice

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Rosa Franklin a Life in Health Care, Public Service, and Social Justice ROSA FRANKLIN A LIFE IN HEALTH CARE, PUBLIC SERVICE, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE by Tamiko Nimura ROSA FRANKLIN A LIFE IN HEALTH CARE, PUBLIC SERVICE, AND SOCIAL JUSTICE Tamiko Nimura Washington State Legislature Oral History Program 2019 Published 2019 Washington State Legislature Oral History Program All Rights Reserved ISBN: 978-0-9827541-2-2 Legislative Oral History Program Washington State P. O. Box 40482 Olympia, WA 98504-0482 Telephone: (360) 786-7550 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents | V Table of Contents ............................ V A Note on Names ............................ 1 Prologue .................................. 3 Chapter One: Childhood .................................7 Chapter Two: Seeing the World ...........................15 Chapter Three: Tacoma, Take One; Europe, Take Two .........27 Tacoma, Take One .......................................27 Europe, Take Two .......................................31 Chapter Four: “Change Is Needed” (Community Involvement, Nursing, and Local Government) ...... .33 Community Engagement: Local Government ...................35 Nursing: Caring for Women and Children .....................36 From Advocacy to Politics .................................42 She Persisted ...........................................44 Chapter Five: Election and Legislature .....................47 Campaign Stories ........................................47 Life in the House ........................................50 “It’s like playing baseball”. 52 An Unexpected Move to the Senate ..........................54 Chapter Six: “Beautiful Scenery and Mud Puddles” (Legislative Accomplishments and Disappointments) ............ 57 1994: Housing Policy Act (SB 5584). 59 1996: Trauma Care Center (SB 6251) ........................61 1993-5 Environmental Equity Act (SB 6401) ..................63 1999-2000, 2001-02: Racial Profiling (SB 5852 and SB 6683) ....65 2003: The Red Hat Society ................................67 2004-2006: Governor’s Interagency Council on Health Disparities (SCR 8419, SB 6197) .............69 2009-2010: “Kids At Hope” ...............................70 1993-2010, State Income Tax ..............................72 Chapter Seven: Being “The Only One” .....................75 Chapter Eight: “Madam President” ........................83 Chapter Nine: Back To My Community, or “Retirement” ........89 Epilogue .................................. 93 Acknowledgments ........................... 101 Rosa Franklin: Oral History ............................103 Interview 1: December 18, 2019 - Oral history foundations .......103 Interview 2: January 17, 2019 - Childhood, early schooling ......122 Interview 3: January 24, 2019 - Nursing career (part 1) .........152 Interview 4: February 7, 2019 - Activism .....................182 Interview 5: February 14, 2019 - Legislature (part 1) ...........205 Interview 6: February 21, 2019 - Legislature (part 2) ...........240 Interview 7: February 28, 2019 - Legislature (part 3) ...........277 Bibliography .............................. 295 About Tamiko Nimura ........................ 321 | 1 A NOTE ON NAMES Rosa Lee Gourdine Franklin was born the fifth of eleven siblings—five boys and six girls. She is known by her close relatives as “Rosa Lee.” In military nursing school, following military conventions, she went by her last name, “Gourdine” (pronounced “Gur-dyne”). Even in 2019 her husband calls her “Gourdine” when he wishes to be emphatic about something, she says; they met as she was finishing nursing school. In Tacoma, in Washington State, and elsewhere she is known widely just as “Rosa.” Sometimes children mistakenly call her “Rosa Parks,” to which she replies, “No, Rosa Parks is dead, but I’m still here.” Some, like her longtime family friend Melannie Denise Cunningham, call her “Miss Rosa”; still others in Tacoma’s Asian Pacific Islander American community know her affectionately as “Aunty Rosa.” In keeping with the audience for this book who will know her mainly as “Rosa,” and for the sake of consistency throughout the book, that’s the name I have chosen to use. In my mind, though, I will call her “Senator Franklin,” with deepest respect for her accomplishments. —Tamiko Nimura | 3 PROLOGUE In the late 1950s, Rosa Franklin knew that she wanted to buy a home in Tacoma. With Rosa’s husband in the military, Rosa and her young family had traveled for years and they were ready for a permanent home of their own. As a young woman in South Carolina, she had traveled between her parents’ house in Cordesville and her relatives’ house fifty miles away in Georgetown every summer. With her career, she graduated from nursing school in South Carolina, and then worked at hospitals in New Jersey and New York. Due to her husband’s military service, the family had also lived in Germany for several years. Over the previous years, they had moved to Tacoma for a couple of years, back to Germany again, then over to Colorado. She had driven cross-country with her family for visits to her husband’s relatives in Florida, then from Florida to Tacoma for residential moves. By the late 1950s, the Franklins had arrived in Tacoma with two young children attending school. Rosa’s parents had taught her about the importance of having a home. She was the direct descendant of South Carolina slaves. For the first seven years of her life, she grew up in a 5-room house that her father had built with his own hands. “You must always plant your roots in order to have something to come back to,” her family had told her. From slavery through emancipation and onward, home ownership meant a great deal to African Americans. Though Rosa didn’t know it at the time, Tacoma had racially restrictive covenants in place during the 1950s: these represented the less visible racism of the Northern United States. These rules explicitly prohibited people of color from buying a house in certain areas of Tacoma. The 1944 covenant of Northmoor was an example: “No part or parcel of land or improvement thereon shall be rented or leased to or used or occupied, in whole or in part, by 4 | ROSA FRANKLIN: A Life In Health Care, Public Service, and Social Justice any person of African or Asiatic descent, nor by any person not of the white or Caucasian race, other than domestic servants domiciled with an owner or tenant and living in their home.”1 African American home ownership was becoming a part of the national cultural conversation: in 1959, Lorraine Hansberry’s now-classic play “A Raisin in the Sun” dramatizing one family’s fraught journey with home ownership, would be produced in Chicago and on Broadway. Home ownership for Rosa Franklin meant stability. In Tacoma, Rosa and her young family were renting a house on J Street. Her husband, an engineer in the military, had been reassigned to Germany and sent to another base to await shipment. His youngest sister Yvonne was living with them, going to high school and helping with child care. Rosa’s son Werner was able to walk to his school on Tacoma Avenue. Their daughter Kim took ballet lessons and performed in recitals near their house at McCarver Elementary. Rosa was working night shifts as a labor and delivery nurse at Madigan, arriving home in time to take the children to get them ready for school, then going to classes for her bachelor’s degree at the College of Puget Sound. For her family, it was time to buy a house. So Rosa had called a realtor in Tacoma. As he was pulling up in his car to meet her, she was waiting in the doorway to greet him. She was going to tell him about the areas where she was interested in looking for a home. He opened the car door and saw that she was African American. He then turned around and was about to get back in the car. But Rosa was not about to let him leave. She called him back. “No, come on, come on in,” she said. “My husband is overseas protecting this country, living in foxholes, in potholes, in whatever. And we are looking to buy.” The realtor began to tell her about properties on the Eastside of Ta- coma, where Tacoma’s racially restrictive covenants had driven many people of color. 1 “No part or parcel”—Anderson, Anderson, and White, “Covenants for the Narrowmoor Additions,” 1944 Prologue | 5 “I’m looking to buy a house where I want to go,” said Rosa, “not where you want to take me.” The realtor was shocked and apologetic. The Franklins bought their first house in Tacoma on South Prospect Street that year. After they returned to Tacoma in the 1960s, they bought their second house on Asotin Street, where they have lived ever since. Forty years later, Rosa Franklin would carry this experience, and a wealth of others, to the Washington State Legislature. The hallmarks of her long political career are clear in that early encounter with the Tacoma realtor: inviting people to talk through and across differences, bringing people to the table, asking the hard questions, and solving a problem. Rosa’s life is a testament to more than sixty years of advocacy for equity, inclusion, and social justice. After a forty-two year career in nursing across a wide variety of sectors, Rosa turned to work in the Legislature. For twenty years, she travelled from her house on Asotin Street in Tacoma to Olympia—first as State Representative, then as State Senator, and as President Pro Tempore. She served as just the fourth Black person to be elected to Washington’s House of Representatives. She served in the House from 1991-1993 as the third Black woman in that legislative body. While in the House, she would serve on many committees, including Housing, and work to pass the Washington State Housing Policy Act: a piece of legislation which still stands today to help protect Washingtonians from housing discrimination. From the House, she moved to the State Senate. In 1993, upon recom- mendation from her district, the Pierce County Council appointed her to fill the unexpired term of long-term Senator A.L. “Slim” Rasmus- sen. She won in the special election for Rasmussen’s seat in 1994 and was sworn in as the first African American woman to be elected to the Washington State Senate. She served in several leadership positions in the Democratic caucus, including Majority and Minority Whip, keeping track of attendance and votes.
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