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Usul Penelitian Pendidikan KEBERPIHAKAN MEDIA TERHADAP BERITA KONFLIK PARTAI GOLKAR: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS THE SIDING OF THE MEDIA IN THE CONFLICTING NEWS OF GOLKAR PARTY; CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS MUHAMMAD DAHLAN ABUBAKAR PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 KEBERPIHAKAN MEDIA TERHADAP BERITA KONFLIK PARTAI GOLKAR; ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS THE SIDING OF THE MEDIA IN THE CONFLICTING NEWS OF GOLKAR PARTY; CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS MUHAMMAD DAHLAN ABUBAKAR SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 KEBERPIHAKAN MEDIA TERHADAP BERITA KONFLIK PARTAI GOLKAR; ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS DISERTASI Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Mencapai Gelar Doktor PROGRAM STUDI LINGUISTIK Disusun dan diajukan oleh MUHAMMAD DAHLAN ABUBAKAR Kepada SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN MAKASSAR 2018 Pernyataan Keaslian Disertasi Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama : Muhammad Dahlan Abubakar NIM : P0300312004 Program Studi : Linguistik Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa disertasi yang saya tulis ini benar-benar merupakan hasil saya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambialihan tulisan atau pemikiran orang lain. Apabila di kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan sebagian atau keseluruhan Disertasi ini hasil karya orang lain, saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan saya tersebut. Makassar, April 2018 Yang menyatakan, Muhammad Dahlan Abubakar PRAKATA Pertama-tama peneliti mengucapkan puji syukur ke hadirat Allah swt, karena atas inayah-Nya jualah, sehingga peneliti dapat mwngikuti program pendidikan doktor ini dan menyelesaikan disertasi ini dengan baik. Peneliti menyadari terlalu banyak kendala yang dihadapi, baik yang berkaitan dengan aspek teoretis maupun unsur teknis penulisan dalam penyelesaian disertasi ini. Kesulitan yang dihadapi adalah belum adanya penelitian- penelitian terdahulu untuk sekadar dijadikan rujukan dalam penulisan rangkuman hasil penelitian ini. Penelitian yang menggunakan teori yang sama lebih banyak melihat dan mengkajinya dari sisi komunikasi dan masih langka yang menganalisis teks berita media untuk melihat kecenderungan- kecenderungan tertentu di balik pemberitaan tersebut, terlebih lagi berita yang berkaitan dengan konflik suatu partai. Namun demikian, terlalu banyak pihak yang ikut memberi andil bagi penyelesaian disertasi ini, sehingga terwujud sebagaimana hasilnya sekarang. Oleh sebab itu, perkenankan pada kesempatan ini peneliti dari hati yang paling tulus dan ikhlas menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih yang tiada terhingga. Ucapan terima kasih paling awal peneliti alamatkan kepada Prof.Dr.H. Muhammad Darwis, M.S. selaku Promotor, yang tidak saja memberikan bimbingan, memberi arahan, tetapi juga menuntun peneliti lebih fokus pada kajian yang menjadi domain peneliti dari awal. Ucapan terima kasih juga peneliti sampaikan kepada Prof.Dr.Lukman, M.S. yang karena memperoleh tugas dari universitas harus bertugas di Korea Selatan tidak i dapat melanjutkan proses pembimbingan penulisan disertasi ini hingga akhir, memberi banyak masuk bagi awal-awal penggarapan disertasi ini. Kemudian ucapan terima kasih juga peneliti sampaikan kepada Dr.Hj.Nurhayati, M.Hum, dan Dr.Ikhwan M.Said, M.Hum, masing-masing sebagai Ko-Promotor yang telah memberi masukan yang sangat bermanfaat bagi penyusunan dan perbaikan disertasi ini. Terima kasih juga peneliti ucapkan kepada Bapak Prof. Dr. H.Hamzah Machmoed, M.A., Prof.Dr.Tadjuddin Maknun, S.U., Dr.Hj Ery Iswary, M.Hum, sebagai penguji dan Bapak Prof.Dr.H.Zainuddin Taha, selaku penguji eksternal. Peneliti juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada para Rektor Universitas Hasanuddin masing-masing pada masanya; Prof.Dr, H.A.Amiruddin (1973-1982), Prof.Dr.A.Hasan Walinono (1982-1984), Prof.Dr.Ir. Fachrudin (1984-1989) – ketiganya almarhum --, Prof.Dr.H.Basri Hasanuddin, M.A. (1989-1993, 1993-1997), Prof. Dr.Ir. Radi A.Gany (1997- 2001, 2001-2006), Prof.Dr.dr. Idrus A. Paturusi, SBO.Sp.BO (2006-2010, 2010-2014), dan Prof.Dr. Dwia Aries Tina Pulubuhu, M.A. (2014-2018 dan 2018-2022) atas segala kepercayaannya selama peneliti menjadi salah seorang stafnya di Hubungan Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin dalam rentang waktu yang panjang. (1980-2017) dan sebagai Kepala Humas Universitas Hasanuddin (1988-1998, 2001-2012, dan 2015-2017). Terima kasih serupa peneliti sampaikan kepada Bapak Prof.Dr.Ir. Mursalim sebagai Direktur Program Pascasarjana Universitas Hasanuddin ii pada masanya memberikan dorongan yang tiada henti kepada peneliti agar tetap semangat menyelesaikan pendidikan doktor ini. Atas dorongannya yang tiada henti, ucapan terima kasih juga peneliti sampaikan kepada para Dekan Fakultas Sastra Universitas Hasanuddin pada masanya masing-masing yakni, Dr. Mustafa Makka, Dr. H. Aminuddin Ram, M.Ed., Prof. Dr. H. Muhammad Darwis, M.S., Prof. Drs. H. Burhanuddin Arafah, M.Hum, Ph.D., dan Prof.Dr. Akin Duli, M.A., tempat peneliti mengabdikan diri sebagai aparatur sipil Negara (ASN) hingga memasuki masa purnabakti 1 Februari 2017. Peneliti juga menyampaikan terima kasih kepada adik Nasrullah Nara, S.Sos, M.Si (staf Redaksi Harian Kompas) dan Bapak Alman (Pusat Dokumentasi Litbang Harian Republika) yang telah membantu peneliti dalam penyediaan data daring yang digunakan dalam penyusunan disertasi ini. Terima kasih serupa disampaikan kepada Drs. M.Yusuf, SU, Drs.Hasan Ali, M.Hum, dan Dr.AB Takko Bandung, M.Hum, selaku Ketua Departemen Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Hasanuddin pada masanya masing-masing dan seluruh teman dosen di Departemen Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Hasanuddin. Juga kepada teman-teman dosen, Dr.Fathur Rahman, M.Hum, Dr.Andi Akhmar, M.Hum, Dr. H.Tammasse Balla, M.Hum, teman seperjuangan Dr. Lalu Santana, M.Hum, Suradi Yasil, Edy Wahyono, Fitri Arniati, dan teman-teman dosen di Departemen Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Hasanuddin. Kepada Ibu Dra.Ratna Ardjo, peneliti secara khusus iii menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih, karena selalu memberi dorongan kepada peneliti segera menyelesaikan disertasi ini. Terima kasih yang sama penulis ucapkan kepada teman-teman dosen Universitas Muslim Indonesia (UMI) Makassar, Dr. Emma Bazergan, M.Hum, Dr. A.Mulyani Kone, M.Hum, Dr.Rusdiah, M.Hum, Dr. Rabiah, M.Hum, Drs. Usman Ismail, M.A., dan Rayudaswati Budi, S.Sos, M.Si, Akhirnya, peneliti menyampaikan terima kasih kepada orangtua tercinta H.Abubakar H.Yakub dan Hj.Hafsah H.Abidin, istri Hj.Hana Abubakar, AMK, anak-anak: Haryadi S.Sos, dan Haryati, S.E. dan menantu Briptu Pol. Ahmad Amiruddin cucu-cucu: Muhammad Syahrizal, St.Syahriana, Zhafira Alifia Ahmad, dan Talita Aqila Ahmad, Saudara- saudara peneliti: H.Sofwan, S.H. M.Hum, Drs.Kaharuddin, Nurhayati, S.E., Dra.Sri Suharni, Ahmad Muslim, S.H., dan Siti Farida S.Sos, yang tidak henti-hentinya memberi dorongan kepada peneliti untuk menyelesaikan pendidikan doktor ini. Terima kasih serupa peneliti sampaikan kepada adik sepupu Prof.Dr.H.Ahmad Thib Raya, M.A dan Prof.Dr.Hj Musdah Mulia, M.A., Dr.H.Hamdan Zoelva, S.H., M.H. dan Hj. R.Nina Damayanti, S.H. yang tidak henti-hentinya ikut mendorong peneliti menyelesaikan pendidikan doktor ini. Begitu pun terima kasih serupa disampaikan kepada Anakda Raviqa, S.S., M.Hum dan rekan Drs.Basuki Hariyanto yang ikut membantu dalam penyelesaian disertasi ini. Ucapan terima kasih serupa peneliti sampaikan kepada teman-teman Pengurus Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia (KONI) iv Sulawesi Selatan masa bakti 2017-2021, teman-teman Pengurus Yayasan Lembaga Pers Sulawesi Selatan (YLPSS), Pengurus Ikatan Penulis Keluarga Berencana (IPKB) Sulawesi Selatan, dan Pengurus Kerukunan Keluarga Bima (KKB) Sulawesi Selatan yang ikut memberi semangat hingga peneliti mampu menyelesaikan program pendidikan doktor ini. Terakhir peneliti ingin menyampaikan terima kasih disertai doa kepada Almarhumah Ananda Dr. Pratiwi Syarief, S.S., M.Hum, yang berpulang ke rakhmatullah pada tanggal 5 Mei 2018, yang setelah meraih gelar akademik tertinggi pada Program Studi Ilmu Linguistik di almamater ini pada tahun 2015 tidak henti-hentinya terus memberikan dorongan kepada penulis disertai kata-kata ‘’teruslah bersemangat..’’. Semoga Allah swt memberikan tempat yang layak di sisi-Nya. Amin ya rabbil alamin. Semoga ilmu yang tertuang di dalam karya disertasi ini bermanfaat bagi agama, bangsa, dan negara serta untuk kehidupan akademik di masa mendatang. Amin. Makassar, Mei 2018 Muhammad Dahlan Abubakar v DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL HALAMAN PENGAJUAN PRAKATA ……………………..……………………………………………… i ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………… vi ABSTRACT ……………………..……………………..…………………….. vii DAFTAR ISI ……………………..……………………..…………………….. viii DAFTAR SINGKATAN……………………..……………………………….. xii DAFTAR TABEL ……………………………………………………………. xiv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ……………………..……………………………. 1 A. Latar Belakang ……………………..……………………………….. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ……………………..…………………………… 21 C. Tujuan Penelitian ……………………..……………………………… 22 D. Manfaat Penelitian ……………………..……………………………. 22 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ……………………..……………………… 24 A. Landasan Teori ……………………..………………………………. 24 1. Analisis Wacana Kritis ……………………..…………………….. 24 2. Pengertian Wacana dan AWK …………………………………. 30 3. Pendekatan AWK ……………………..…………………………. 33 3.1 Model van Dijk ……………………..……………………….. 34 3.2 Model Fiarclough ……………………..……………………… 36 3.3 Perangkat Framing Gamson …………………………….. 38 4. Analisis Bahasa Kritis (Linguistik Kritis) ………………………. 42 viii 5. Analisis Wacana Pendekatan Prancis ……………………….. 44 6. Pendekatan Kognisi Sosial …………………………………….. 45 7. Pendekatan Perubahan Sosial ………………………………… 45 8. Pendekatan Wacana Sejarah ………………………………….. 47 9. Analisis Teks Berita ……………………..………………………. 47 9.1 Tujuan
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