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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2014 Examining the Impact of Exposure to a Bipolar Disorder Storyline Using the Entertainment Overcoming Resistance Model Danyang Zhao Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO A BIPOLAR DISORDER STORYLINE USING THE ENTERTAINMENT OVERCOMING RESISTANCE MODEL By DANYANG ZHAO A Thesis submitted to the School of Communication in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2014 Danyang Zhao defended this thesis on January 16, 2014. The members of the supervisory committee were: Laura M. Arpan Professor Directing Thesis Arthur A. Raney Committee Member Juliann Cortese Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my committee chair Dr. Laura Arpan for her patient guidance and kind encouragement throughout my thesis, which greatly improved the quality of my work. I’m also grateful to my other committee members, Dr. Arthur Raney and Dr. Juliann Cortese, for their insight and suggestions on this project. I want to thank Dr. Raney for making the thesis defense a challenging, rewarding and enjoyable experience. Also, I would like to express my appreciation to Sophie Janicke, Paul Han and other fellow graduate students and communication researchers for their support. I want to extend my gratitude to the School of Communication for providing a great educational experience through my two years at FSU. Last but not least, a very special thank you to my wonderful parents, Huichun Zhao and Juan Wu, for their love and support. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ viii 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................1 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................6 2.1 Entertainment Education ................................................................................................6 2.2 Narrative Persuasion ......................................................................................................8 2.3 Entertainment Overcoming Resistance Model ..............................................................9 2.4 Hypotheses ...................................................................................................................20 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................28 3.1 Participants ...................................................................................................................28 3.2 Study Design ................................................................................................................28 3.3 Stimulus Material .........................................................................................................29 3.4 Procedures ....................................................................................................................30 3.5 Measures ......................................................................................................................31 3.5.1 Perceived Persuasive Intent ...............................................................................32 3.5.2 Transportation ...................................................................................................32 3.5.3 Identification .....................................................................................................33 3.5.4 Perceived Similarity ..........................................................................................33 3.5.5 Parasocial Interaction ........................................................................................34 3.5.6 Perceived Invulnerability ..................................................................................34 3.5.7 Counterarguing ..................................................................................................35 3.5.8 Reactance ...........................................................................................................36 3.5.9 Pro-treatment Behavioral Intention ...................................................................37 3.5.10 Information-Seeking Behavior Regarding BPI at Follow-Up ...........................38 3.5.11 Control Variables ..............................................................................................39 3.5.11.1 Past BPI-related behaviors ..................................................................39 3.5.11.2 BPI-related experience ........................................................................39 3.5.11.3 Demographic information ...................................................................39 3.5.11.4 Perceived ages of characters ................................................................39 3.5.11.5 Enjoyment ...........................................................................................39 4. RESULTS ..............................................................................................................................41 4.1 Preliminary Analyses ...................................................................................................41 4.1.1 Random Assignment Check Verifying Equivalence of BPI-related ..................... Experience and Past Behaviors across Groups ..................................................41 4.1.2 Enjoyment of Narrative Stimuli ........................................................................42 4.1.3 Tests for Gender Effects in Narrative Involvement ..........................................42 iv 4.1.4 Summary of All Key Variables Measured ........................................................43 4.2 Hypotheses Testing ......................................................................................................45 4.2.1 Comparing Message Effectiveness of Stimulus Programs ................................45 4.2.2 Comparing Perceived Persuasive Intent ............................................................47 4.2.3 Comparing Resistance between Two Message Conditions ...............................47 4.2.4 Examining the Relationship between Perceived Persuasive Intent ....................... and Reactance ...................................................................................................49 4.2.5 Examining Narrative Involvement-Resistance Relationships in the BPI E-E ...... Narrative Condition ...........................................................................................50 4.2.6 Examining Narrative Resistance-Behavior Associations in the BPI E-E ............. Narrative Condition ...........................................................................................53 5. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................57 5.1 Limitation .....................................................................................................................65 APPENDICES ...............................................................................................................................67 A. IRB APPROVAL MEMORANDUM AND CONSENT FORM ..........................................67 B. INSTRUCTIONS ..................................................................................................................71 C. MEASURES ..........................................................................................................................72 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................99 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................107 v LIST OF TABLES 1 Means and Standard Deviations for Variables Measured Across All Three Conditions .......43 2 Means and Standard Deviations for Variables Measured in BPI E-E Narrative Condition ...44 3 Means, Standard Deviations for BPI Pro-treatment Behavioral Intentions and BPI ................. Information Seeking Behaviors by Condition ........................................................................44 4 Summary of Hypotheses and Results .....................................................................................48 5 Summary of Bivariate Correlations in E-E BPI Narrative Condition ....................................50 vi LIST OF FIGURES 1 Hypotheses 7 – 12 developed based on the EORM ...........................................................26 2 Hypotheses 13 – 15 created based on the EORM ..............................................................27 3 Involvement-Resistance Associations