JOS Volume 14 Number 1 (2007)
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Historical Survey of Limmu Genet Town from Its Foundation up to Present
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 6, ISSUE 07, JULY 2017 ISSN 2277-8616 Historical Survey Of Limmu Genet Town From Its Foundation Up To Present Dagm Alemayehu Tegegn Abstract: The process of modern urbanization in Ethiopia began to take shape since the later part of the nineteenth century. The territorial expansion of emperor Menelik (r. 1889 –1913), political stability and effective centralization and bureaucratization of government brought relative acceleration of the pace of urbanization in Ethiopia; the improvement of the system of transportation and communication are identified as factors that contributed to this new phase of urban development. Central government expansion to the south led to the appearance of garrison centers which gradually developed to small- sized urban center or Katama. The garrison were established either on already existing settlements or on fresh sites and also physically they were situated on hill tops. Consequently, Limmu Genet town was founded on the former Limmu Ennarya state‘s territory as a result of the territorial expansion of the central government and system of administration. Although the history of the town and its people trace many year back to the present, no historical study has been conducted on. Therefore the aim of this study is to explore the history of Limmu Genet town from its foundation up to present. Keywords: Limmu Ennary, Limmu Genet, Urbanization, Development ———————————————————— 1. Historical Background of the Study Area its production. The production and marketing of forest coffee spread the fame and prestige of Limmu Enarya ( The early history of Limmu Oromo Mohammeed Hassen, 1994). The name Limmu Ennarya is The history of Limmu Genet can be traced back to the rise derived from a combination of the name of the medieval of the Limmu Oromo clans, which became kingdoms or state of Ennarya and the Oromo clan name who settled in states along the Gibe river basin. -
Twenty-Sixth Dynasty Necropolis at Gizeh
VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DER INSTITUTE FÜR AFRIKANISTIK UND ÄGYPTOLOGIE DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN 29 WA FA A el-SADEEK Twenty-Sixth Dynasty Necropolis at Gizeh BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄGYPTOLOGIE BAND 5 WIEN 1984 VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DER INSTITUTE FÜR AFRIKANISTIK UND ÄGYPTOLOGIE DER UNIVERSITÄT WIEN NR. 29 WAFAA EL-SADEEK TWENTY-SIXTH DYNASTY NECROPOLIS AT GIZEH ANALYSIS OF THE TOMB OF THERY AND ITS PLACE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAITE FUNERARY ART AND ARCHITECTURE BEITRÄGE ZUR ÄGYPTOLOGIE, BAND 5 WIEN 1984 C Copyright 1984 by AFRO-PUB Verein zur Förderung und Publikation wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten aus den Fächern Ägyptologie und Afrikanistik Verleger und Eigentümer: AFRO-PUB Herausgeber: H. Mukarovsky Verantwortliche Schriftleiter: D.Arnold, J. Holaubek alle: A-1010 Wien, Doblhoffg.5 und Frankgasse 1 Druck: 0. Schanz To my parents V CONTENTS Acknowledgment IX Introduction 1 Chapter I Gizeh necropolis: its history 3 Chapter II The Tomb of Thery 11 a. History of excavation and discovery 13 b* Description of the tomb 17 c. Decoration of the tomb 22 Exterior 22 Interior 32 d. Thery1 s burial: contemporary and geographical setting 89 Chapter III Dynasty XXVI at Gizeh 101 a. General introduction 103 b. The Isis Temple 105 c. Individual tombs 114 Chapter IV Dynasty XXVI throughout Egypt 149 a. General introduction 151 b. Graves at Saqqara 155 c. Graves at Thebes - Asasif 166 d. Graves at Heliopolis 183 e. Graves at Bahriya Oasis 186 Chapter V Analysis of the architecture of the Tomb of Thery within the Dynasty XXVI pattern 205 a. Introduction 207 b. Building materials and local conditions 208 c. Architectural features 209 d. Comparison of likely use 212 Chapter VI Analysis of scenes from the Tomb of Thery within the Dynasty XXVI pattern 215 a. -
Identity in Ethiopia: the Oromo from the 16Th to the 19Th Century
IDENTITY IN ETHIOPIA: THE OROMO FROM THE 16 TH TO THE 19 TH CENTURY By Cherri Reni Wemlinger A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Washington State University Department of History August 2008 To the Faculty of Washington State University: The members of the Committee appointed to examine the thesis of Cherri Reni Wemlinger find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. ___________________________________ Chair ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT It is a pleasure to thank the many people who made this thesis possible. I would like to acknowledge the patience and perseverance of Heather Streets and her commitment to excellence. As my thesis chair she provided guidance and encouragement, while giving critical advice. My gratitude for her assistance goes beyond words. Thanks are also due to Candice Goucher, who provided expertise in her knowledge of Africa and kind encouragement. She was able to guide my thoughts in new directions and to make herself available during the crunch time. I would like to thank David Pietz who also served on my committee and who gave of his time to provide critical input. There are several additional people without whose assistance this work would have been greatly lacking. Thanks are due to Robert Staab, for his encouragement, guidance during the entire process, and his willingness to read the final product. Thank you to Lydia Gerber, who took hours of her time to give me ideas for sources and fresh ways to look at my subject. Her input was invaluable to me. -
Local History of Ethiopia : Jima
Local History of Ethiopia Jima - Jimonyetta © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) jima (O) Catha edulis, see jimma below GDF95c Jima 08/34 [LM] GDU42 Jima (Gima) 10°22'/34°35' 1314 m, north of Asosa 10/34 [Gz] HCR42 Jima, see Jimma HDJ15 Jima 09°13'/37°05' 2028 m, south of Haratu 09/37 [Gz] HDJ25 Jima 09°17'/37°06' 2581 m, south of Haratu 09/37 [Gz] HDK56 Jima 09°32'/38°06' 1770 m 09/38 [AA Gz] JCN72 Jima 07°55'/40°02' 2420 m 07/40 [Gz] jima ali, cf Ali as first part of name KCR12 Jima Ali (Iima Ali) (seasonal waterhole) 07/46 [WO Gz] 07°19'/46°48' JDJ04 Jima Bero 09°05'/41°58' 1720 m, east of Grawa 09/41 [Gz] HDF90 Jima Gebriel (church) 08°58'/39°23' 08/39 [Gz] east of Chefe Donsa HDD26 Jima Gostan (centre of a sub-district in 1960s) 08/38 [x] HES47 Jima Kidane Mihret (Ghina Chid. Meret) 3094 m 13/38 [LM WO] see under Mekane Birhan GDF84 Jima Nunu 08°57'/34°45' 1653 m 08/34 [Gz] JCG73 Jimala 06°59'/40°07' 2633 m 06/40 [Gz] jimata (Arabic,O) Friday; jimmat (A,T) sinew, tendon, nerve HDC90 Jimata (Gimata) 09°02'/36°40' 1924 m 09/36 [LM WO Gz] HDH07 Jimata, Gebel (Gimmata, Gimate) (mountain) 09/36 [Gz WO] 09°07'/36°23' 1685 m ?? Jimawanyeta, a parish with village Yamaret ../.. [Ch] HD... Jimbe, see Gimbi jimeda: jimado, a pagan ceremony of Bantu people living in Somali-dominated country JDJ25 Jimeda (Gimeda), see under Harar 09/42 [+ WO] HDA28 Jimeta (Gimat) 08/35 [LM WO] HDU76 Jimete 10°37'/39°55' 1399 m 10/39 [Gz] HDE62 Jimjima (village) 08/38 [x] Jimma (historical state) Sources used by Mohammed Hassen: "The Oromo sources come essentially from three documents. -
International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU) Vol
Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries http://ijmmu.com [email protected] International Journal of Multicultural ISSN 2364-5369 Volume 7, Issue 2 and Multireligious Understanding March, 2020 Pages: 212-228 Assessment of Levels of Community Awareness to Effects of Forest Degradation and their Environmental Management Practices in Jimma Zone, South western Ethiopia Kaso Teha Nura1; Fentaw Said Endris2 1Department of Civics and Ethics Studies, Jimma University, Ethiopia 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Woldiya University, Ethiopia Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Corresponding author: Kaso Teha Nura http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i2.1501 Abstract This study aimed to assess the levels of community awareness to the environmental effects of growing use of forest product for peoples’ livelihood and their management practices in Jimma Zone. Thus, local farming communities, Development Agents (DA), Agriculture and Natural resource, Forest and Environmental Protection Officials & Experts are the participant of this study. The study employed descriptive survey research design and both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collections were employed. To assess community environmental awareness survey questionnaire questions (both open and close ended) were distributed for 240 sample respondents. An interview with10 Key informant interviews were also conducted with the head of natural resource management offices of selected woredas and six development agents (DA) in sample selected kebeles and four focus group discussions (FDG) consisted of 10 members were also employed to collect qualitative data.The findings show that all the respondents aware of forest and natural resource degradation about (87%) and (75.4%) were aware of clearing of forest to expand farmland for growing population and cutting trees for fuel wood, charcoal and other forest productsrespectively. -
Local History of Ethiopia Aka - Alyume © Bernhard Lindahl (2005)
Local History of Ethiopia Aka - Alyume © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) HC... Aka (centre in 1964 of Bitta sub-district) 07/35? [Ad] HFC14 Akab Workei (Aqab Uorchei) 13°42'/36°58' 877 m 13/36 [+ Gz] akabe saat: aqabe sä'at (Geez?) "Guardian of the Hour", at least from the 15th century a churchman attached to the palace and also in the 18th century "the first religious officer at the palace"; akkabi (aqqabi) (A) guardian, custodian; (T) collector, convener HFE50 Akabe Saat (Acab Saat, Aqab Se'at, Akabie Se'at) 14/38 [+ Gu Ad Gz] (mountain & place) 14°06'/38°30' 2385 m (sub-district & its centre in 1964) 1930s Towards midday on 29 February 1936 the 'April 21st' Division, at the head of a long column, reached the heights of Acab Saat without encountering the enemy, and consolidated its position there. [Badoglio (Eng.ed.)1937 p 115] On 29 February as above, Blackshirt and voluntary soldier Francesco Battista fought during four hours at Akabe Saat before he was killed. He was posthumously honoured with a gold medal. [G Puglisi, Chi è? .., Asmara 1952] 1980s According to government reports TPLF forces deployed in the May Brazio-Aqab Se'at front around 8-9 February 1989 were estimated to be three divisions, two heavy weapon companies and one division on reserve. [12th Int. Conf. of Ethiopian Studies 1994] HED98 Akabet (Ak'abet, Aqabet) 11°44'/38°17' 3229 m 11/38 [Gz q] HDM31 Akabido 09°21'/39°30' 2952 m 09/39 [Gz] akabo: Akebo Oromo penetrated into Gojjam and were attacked by Emperor Fasiledes in 1649-50 ?? Akabo (Accabo) (mountain saddle) c1900 m ../. -
Books and Networks in South Western Ethiopia
Books and Networks in South Western Ethiopia Report of the Second Mission of the Islam in the Horn of Africa Project (30 January -4 March 2016) Michele Petrone Adday Hernández López Historical Framework The region object of our study during the first two missions is central for the understanding of the diffusion of Islam among the Oromo of South-Western Ethiopia. The Islamization of the region is quite recent and coincided with significant political and social changes among the population. The process has developed at multiple stages and had different centers of propagation of the doctrines. For Jimma region we have already significant historical data. As for the other areas studied during the missions, there is still no significant study on them. The first place visited has been the small town of Wolkite, located in a Gurage and Qabena area.1 The city was originally the residence (gĕbbì) of the fitaurari2 Habte Gyorgis3 in the second half of the 19th century. Antonio Cecchi (d. 1896), fifty years earlier, did not mention Wolkite. The Guida dell'Africa Orientale Italiana, published in the 1938, describes it as a small city with telegraph, postal service and infirmary.4 From the notices given by Enrico Cerulli (d. 1988), is not clear if the Islamization of the area was already extended in the late '20s, while he mentions the presence of the tomb of a Saint not far from the city.5 The ḥaḍra of Zabi Molla was probably founded before Cerulli passed there, but he does not mention it, nor he mentions the 1 Qabena is a cushitic language spoken in the area, different from the most diffused Afaan Oromo; see Crass, Joachim, The Position of K’abeena within Highland East Cushitic, Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere 67 (2001), 5-60; Cecchi, Antonio, Da Zeila alle Frontiere del Caffa, Roma : Società Geografica Italiana, 1885, 3 vols., II 26-29. -
Land Tenure, Labor Allocation and Life of Coffee Farmers in Coffee Producing Areas: the Case of Jimma and Limmu Awrajas Since 20 Th C
Research on Humanities and Social Sciences www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5766 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0484 (Online) Vol.8, No.7, 2018 Land Tenure, Labor Allocation and Life of Coffee Farmers in Coffee Producing Areas: The Case of Jimma and Limmu Awrajas since 20 th c Endalkachew Lelisa Duressa Department ofHistory and Heritage Management, College of Social Science and Humanities, Bule Hora University Abstract The main purpose of this study was to reveal Land Tenure System, Labor allocation, Life of Coffee farmers, andrisk management strategies in Coffee Producing areas in former Jimma and Limmu Awrajas , the current Jimma Zone since 20 th c. In this study the researcher employed both the primary and secondary sources and different data gathering instruments.Secondary data sources were collected by brief review of related literatures by assessing published and unpublished materials. The available oral traditions were used as sources of data. Additionally, these data were described, expressed and articulated qualitatively.Finally, all data were analyzed and interpreted carefully in accordance with the standardized rules of the social science disciplines.Even though there are works that done on coffee; most of them are focus on marketingand agricultural aspects of coffee production. The attention given for land holding system, labor intensity and the life of coffee farmers in coffee producing areas are very little. Therefore, this work tried to fill the gap that left by other written materials so far and contributed something in enriching the condition of Coffee farmers. When we compare with other regions, the yield and production level of coffee in this awrajas is extremely low. -
Household Constraints on Schooling by Gender: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by IDS OpenDocs HOUSEHOLD CONSTRAINTS ON SCHOOLING BY GENDER: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA1 Pauline Rose and Samer Al-Samarrai2 IDS Working Paper 56 Summary Using data collected during school-based surveys in two regions in Ethiopia, bivariate and multivariate analysis has been carried out to identify some of the important constraints to primary schooling. Problems in obtaining a representative sample of children not in school for this type of analysis are identified, and allowances are made for these problems, where possible. The results provide some evidence that well-nourished children from wealthier households whose mother and father are literate are more likely to attend and complete primary school. Furthermore, starting school at the official starting age of seven years and not repeating a grade increases the chances of completion. For children living within the vicinity of the school, opportunity costs do not appear to have a significant impact on the probability of attending or completing school, although girls in and out of school have a heavier work burden, relative to boys. Whilst similar factors are found to influence the probability of both boys and girls attending and completing school in the sample, their impact on girls is greater – undernourished girls from households lacking possessions, whose parents are illiterate, are 20 per cent less likely to attend school and 16 per cent less likely to complete school compared to a boy with these characteristics. Starting school above the official age and repeating a grade are also shown to reduce the chances of girls completing school by a slightly greater amount than boys. -
192 Introduction
192 Introduction Antiquities are easily described in just a few simple words: ‘objects, buildings or works of art from ancient times’. This perhaps rather stark definition, although true, fails to capture the elusive magic that one can experience in the presence of something thousands of years old. Often whilst examining an antiquity, turning it about in our hands, it is not unusual to encounter a moment of illumination that brings it to life. This sudden revelation may be caused by a dribble of paint (the result of a too-full brush), the short parallel marks of the sculptor’s chisel on stone, or the thumbprint the potter left when the clay was still wet. At such instances something remarkable happens: the centuries roll away and we are next to the ancient artist or craftsman, someone just like ourselves in many respects but living in an utterly different world. This is a strangely moving experience, unnerving, direct and personal; more immediate than walking through archaeological sites, temples or tombs. Time contracts and we become part of a great continuum. It is akin to listening to music or seeing a great painting and one of the thrills of civilisation. Used as we are to seeing antiquities locked inside glass cabinets in museums, it is easy to forget that, whether part of the paraphernalia of funerary rites, votive offerings or luxury goods for a wealthy elite, they were familiar elements of daily life in the ancient world. It is naturally a privilege to possess these objects which have, through accident or good fortune, survived the ravages of age. -
2019: Alexandria, Virginia
THE 70TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN RESEARCH CENTER IN EGYPT April 12-14, 2019 Washington, D.C. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN RESEARCH CENTER IN EGYPT April 12-14, 2019 Washington, D.C. U.S. Headquarters 909 North Washington Street, Suite 320 Alexandria, Virginia, 22314 703.721.3479 Cairo Center 2 Midan Simón Bolívar Garden City, Cairo, 11461 20.2.2794.8239 [email protected] 2 3 *Dr. Ahmed Abu-Zayed, Head of Libraries and Archives TABLE CONTENTS Janie Abdul Aziz, Grant Administrator of *Djodi Deutsch, Academic Programs Manager Itinerary 12 Zakaria Yacoub, IT Manager Session Schedule 14 *Sally El Sabbahy, Communications & Outreach Associate *Samira El Adawy, Programs Coordinator Presentation Abstracts 18 Andreas Kostopoulos, Project Archives Specialist Student Poster Abstracts 99 Noha Atef Halim, Assistant Finance Manager Yasser Tharwat, Project Financial & Reporting Manager ARCE STAFF Doaa Adel, Accountant U.S. Staff Salah Metwally, Associate for Governmental Affairs Osama Abdel Fatah Mohamed , Supervising Librarian *Dr. Fatma Ismail, Interim US Operations Director Amira Gamal, Cataloguing Librarian *Michael Wiles, Chief Financial Officier Reda Anwar, Administrative Assistant to Office Manager *Laura Rheintgen, Director of Development Salah Rawash, Security & Reception Coordinator *Dr. Heba Abdel Salam, US Programs Advisor Abdrabou Ali Hassan, Maintenance Assistant & Director’s Driver *Claire Haymes, Board Relations Manager Ahmed Hassan, Senior Traffic Department Officer & Driver *Megan Allday, Annual Meeting Coordinator (Consultant) Ramadan Khalil Abdou, ARCE Representative Ellen Flanagan, US Human Resources Coordinator (Consultant) Mohamed Hassan Mohamed, Transportation Assistant & Messenger *Rebecca Cook, Membership & Development Manager Eid Fawzy, Technical Clerk & Messenger Freddy Feliz, IT Manager Nour Ibrahim, Messenger *Beth Wang, Development & Research Assistant ARCE STAFF ARCE STAFF Cairo Staff Luxor Staff *Dr. -
Local History of Ethiopia : Seka
Local History of Ethiopia Seka - Semro Kristos © Bernhard Lindahl (2005) seka (säqa, säqqa) (A) edge of cliff, crest of a hill; sekka (säkka) (A) walk along, traverse; zeka, zekat (zäkat) (A) alms among Moslems HC... Seka (Saka, Sakka, Saqqa) (historical) 07/36? [x] 1500s Sharka is probably the Sarka mentioned in the wars ot Amde Tsiyon. It may have been part of the kingdom of Enariya whose capital was Saka. However, Sarsa Dengel on his way to attack Muhammad of Adal in 1577 passed through Sharka, which would place it just east of Hadya. [J S Trimingham 1952 p 73] 1800s The so-called capital of Enarea (Enariya) was described as a town of 10,000 to 12,000 people in the 1830s, with at least a few hundred Muslim Ulama. The town was in fact made up of groups of small hamlets, in the centre of which was a market village where merchants from the north had probably lived since the beginning of the century. This market village constantly expanded and contracted with the arrival and departure of caravans. The caravans from the north usually stayed in Seka no more than two months in order to conclude all their business and be able to return to Basso before the rainy season. [Abir 1968 p 81, 85] The Seka market had important trade in gold, coffee and ivory. In the mid or late 1830s Abba Bagibo forbade foreign merchants to go beyond Seka, so the merchants from Gondar, Adwa, Derita and Dawe were forced to meet their counterparts from Kefa, Kulo, and the south at Seka only.