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Redalyc.DIET and HOME-RANGE of the FERAL CAT, FELIS CATUS (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) on SOCORRO ISLAND, REVILLAGIGEDO ARCHIPELAGO

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Redalyc.DIET and HOME-RANGE of the FERAL CAT, FELIS CATUS (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) on SOCORRO ISLAND, REVILLAGIGEDO ARCHIPELAGO Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie) ISSN: 0065-1737 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México ORTIZ-ALCARAZ, Antonio; ARNAUD, Gustavo; AGUIRRE-MUÑOZ, Alfonso; GALINA- TESSARO, Patricia; MÉNDEZ-SÁNCHEZ, Federico; ORTEGA-RUBIO, Alfredo DIET AND HOME-RANGE OF THE FERAL CAT, FELIS CATUS (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) ON SOCORRO ISLAND, REVILLAGIGEDO ARCHIPELAGO, MEXICO Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie), vol. 33, núm. 3, 2017, pp. 482-489 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57553897008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ISSN 0065-1737 (NUEVA SERIE) 33(3) 2017 e ISSN 2448-8445 DIET AND HOME-RANGE OF THE FERAL CAT, LIS CATUS CARNIVORA: FELIDAE ON SOCORRO ISLAND, REVILLAGIGEDO ARCHIPELAGO, MEXICO DIETA Y ÁMBITO HOGAREO DEL GATO FERAL, LIS CATUS CARNIVORA: FELIDAE EN LA ISLA SOCORRO, ARCHIPIÉLAGO DE REVILLAGIGEDO, MÉXICO nni ORTIZ-ALCARAZ, 1,2 Ga ARNAUD, 2, * lfn AGUIRRE-MUOZ, 1 aricia GALINA- TESSARO, 2 eeric MÉNDEZ-SÁNCHEZ, 1 & lfre ORTEGA-RUBIO 2 1 Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C. Av. Moctezuma 836, Ensenada, B.C., 22800, México. 2 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, La Paz, B.C.S. 23096, México. * Corresponding author: <[email protected]>. Recibido: 16/01/2017; aceptado: 07/06/2017. Editor responsable: Vinicio Sosa. Ortiz-Alcaraz, A., Arnaud, G., Aguirre-Muñoz, A., Galina-Tes- Ortiz-Alcaraz, A., Arnaud, G., Aguirre-Muñoz, A., Galina-Tessa- saro, P., Méndez-Sánchez, F., & Ortega-Rubio, A. (2017) Diet ro, P., Mendez-Sánchez, F. y Ortega-Rubio, A. (2017) Dieta y and home-range of the feral cat, Felis catus (Carnivora: Felidae) ámbito hogareño del gato feral, Felis catus (Carnivora: Felidae) on Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico. Acta en la Isla Socorro, Archipiélago de Revillagigedo, México. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.), 33(3), 482-489. Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.), 33(3), 482-489. ABSTRACT. Socorro is an oceanic island rich in biodiversity and en- RESUMEN. Isla Socorro es una isla oceánica rica en biodiversidad y demisms. However, the island has been threatened by feral cats since endemismos. Sin embargo, la isla ha sido impactada por el gato asil- 1957. The diet of this predator, determined through the analysis of vestrado desde 1957. A través del análisis del contenido estomacal de stomach contents of 79 cats, consisted mostly of house mice ( Mus mus- 79 gatos se determinó la dieta de este depredador, la cual está consti- culus , 22.16%), endemic lizards ( Urosaurus auriculatus , 15.09%), an- tuida mayormente por el ratón doméstico ( Mus musculus , 22.16%), la thropogenic rubbish (15.09%), and insects (Orthoptera, 13.20%). The lagartija endémica ( Urosaurus auriculatus , 15.09%), residuos antro- home range of the feral cat was identified through telemetry using four pogénicos (15.09%), e insectos (Orthoptera, 13.20%). Se identificó el individuals with GPS/VHF radio-collars. The three males had a much ámbito hogareño de los gatos a través de telemetría, utilizando cuatro larger average home range of 219.10 ha, as compared with 118.86 ha individuos con radio-collares GPS/VHF. El ámbito hogareño de los of the female. Knowing the home range of the Socorro Island feral cat machos resultó de 219.10 ha en promedio, mucho mayor que el de is critical for the successful eradication of the island's invasive popula- las hembras que fue de 118.86 ha. Conocer el ámbito hogareño del tion. Thanks to this information, it is possible to calculate the trapping gato asilvestrado de Isla Socorro es clave para la erradicación exitosa effort and the amount of bait needed per unit area to successfully carry de la población de la isla. Gracias a esta información se ha podido out the ongoing eradication, contributing to the conservation of global calcular el esfuerzo de trampeo o la cantidad de carnada que deben ser biodiversity. empleadas por unidad de área durante la erradicación en curso, que es Key words: diet, Felis catus , feral cats, home range, Socorro Island. relevante para la conservación de la biodiversidad global. Palabras clave: ámbito hogareño, dieta, Felis catus , Gato asilvestra- do, Isla Socorro. INTRODUCTION predators, the domestic cat ( Felis catus ) is considered the introduced carnivore which has caused the largest number Island ecosystems are vulnerable to introduced species, of extinctions and extirpation of native wildlife on islands because these environments generally have a low bio- of the world (Ebenhard, 1988; Nogales, 2004); it is also diversity and high rates of endemism (Fritts & Rodda, responsible for transmitting diseases to wildlife and hu- 1998), especially oceanic islands (Kier et al ., 2009). Ap- man beings (Patronek, 1998; de Wit et al ., 2017). proximately 75% of animal extinctions on the planet have In Socorro, an oceanic island located on the Revilla- occurred on islands and most of them have been caused gigedo Archipelago in the Mexican Pacific (Fig. 1), cats by introduced species (Blackburn et al ., 2004). Among have been present since 1957. Jehl & Parkes (1983) con- 08.- AZM17-03.indd 482 09/11/2017 11:26:36 a. m. (NUEVA SERIE) 33(3) 2017 Figure 1. Localization of vegetation types in Socorro Island (Arnaud et al., 1993). sidered that this predator is responsible for the in situ ex- have also reduced the distribution and abundance of other tinction of the endemic Socorro dove ( Zenaida graysoni ). birds such as the Socorro Towhee ( Pipilo socorroensis Cats are also a threat to the Socorro Blue Lizard ( Uro- = Pipilo maculatus socorroensis ) and the Socorro Wren saurus auriculatus ; Arnaud et al., 1994), and Townsend's (Troglodytes sissonii ; Ortiz-Alcaraz, 2016). Shearwater ( Puffinus auricularis ; Llinas-Gutiérrez, The cat in Socorro Island was not the only anthropo- 1994). Cats have affected the Socorro Mockingbird ( Mi- genic introduction on the island; a second event was the mus graysoni ), which is critically endangered CR (IUCN introduction of an exotic rodent. This probably occurred extinction) (Castellanos & Rodríguez-Estrella, 1992), and multiple times and possibly but not necessarily in the or- 08.- AZM17-03.indd 483 09/11/2017 11:26:36 a. m. rtiAlcara et al. iet and homerange of the feral cat on Socorro Island der presented. However, both anthropogenic events are socorrensis ; Socorro Ground-dove, Columbina passerina important since it led to the establishment of cohabita- socorroensis ; Socorro Parakeet, Psitacara holochlorus ; tion, with its consequent impact on the landscape. In the Socorro wren, Troglodytes sissonii ; Socorro Mocking- conservation literature, there are many cases where two bird, Mimus graysoni ; Tropical Parula, Setophaga pitia- or more anthropogenic events occur. For example, the yumi graysoni ; and Socorro Towhee, Pipilo socorroensis now classic book on island biogeography by Whittaker ( Pipilo maculatus socorroensis ) (Brattstrom 1990); and et al . (1998) where they referred to these human-induced an endemic lizard, Urosaurus auriculatus . events as combined or additive; or Lomolino (1986) who Specimen collection and prey identification. Cats were referred to more than one anthropogenic event occurring captured in November 2012, April 2013 and April 2014, as interactive events; and/or more recently Larrinaga for 21 days per month (the collection of samples of speci- and Santamaría (2013) where they referred to more than mens was authorized by the Secretaría del Medio Ambien- one anthropogenic event as a combined impact that te y Recursos Naturales, permit SGPA/DGVS/03692/13, negatively impacts the landscape life. Although it has 04176/13, 04932/13). Ninety steel traps (Oneida Victor been recognized for some time that anthropogenic events Soft Catch 1 ) were used and were placed at different affecting landscapes can have more than one human-in- sites (Fig. 2), baited with an attractant made of seafood, duced cause, a singular term is used to describe them, i.e. tuna or fried sardines (Brothers, 1982). Trapping took anthropogeny. At present, there is no single word to ex- place in the eastern portion of the island, where cat den- press two or more human-induced events affecting envi- sity was greater based on observed traces (excreta) and ronmental landscapes, even though many environmental observations of individuals, and previous research (Ar- impacts are influenced by more than one human induced naud et al ., 1994). Traps were checked daily from 07:00 event. to 10:00 am. Those hard to reach areas were equipped Given the large impact and distribution of exotic spe- with telemetry systems (ATS, mammal trap monitor Se- cies on islands, their eradication is one of the best pos- ries M4000) to determine from distance whether they had sible actions to support conservation efforts (CANTIM, been activated (Will et al ., 2010). 2012). In order to design and implement an eradication Captured animals were euthanized without inflicting program, it is particularly important to examine the diet, pain. They were injected first with an anesthetic (Xyla- home range and habitat use of invasive cats on Socorro zine-Ketamine), and subsequently with a lethal intracar- Island. diac- dose (Potassium chloride). To a lesser extent, night hunts were conducted with rifles of calibers .22, .222 and .243 equipped with a telescopic sight and lamp. Each in- METHODS dividual had a humanitarian death, attending the norma- tivity (DOF, 2001). Upon capture the gender, height, and Study site . Socorro Island is a volcanic cone whose peak age data were recorded of each trapped animal and their reaches 1,040 m asl and with a surface area of 140 km. stomach contents were collected to determine diet. Stom- The climate is tropical with an average annual temperature ach contents were placed in plastic bottles with Ethanol and precipitation of 24.6 C and 404.7 mm, respectively.
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