The Value of Live Oaks
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A Description of Mixed-Species Insectivorous Bird Flocks in Western Mexico’
The Condor 89~282-292 0 The Cooper Omithologml Society 1987 A DESCRIPTION OF MIXED-SPECIES INSECTIVOROUS BIRD FLOCKS IN WESTERN MEXICO’ RICHARD L. HUTTO Department of Zoology, Universityof Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 Abstract. Insectivorousbird flockswere observed in all typesof forestedhabitats during the nonbreedingseason in westernMexico. The speciescomposition of flockschanged markedlyand predictablyamong five categoriesof habitat type. The averagenumber of speciesper flockin lowlandhabitats was 4.7, while a mean of 18.6 speciesparticipated in highlandflocks, ranking the latter amongthe most species-richflocks in the world. The meanproportion of the localinsectivorous species that participatedin mixed-speciesflocks wassignificantly greater in the highlands(6 1.3%)than in the lowlands(24.6%). About half of the flock participantsin both undisturbedlowland and highlandhabitats were north temperatemigrants, ranking west Mexican flocks among the mostmigrant-rich in the world as well. In highlandflocks, the maximum numberof individualsper attendantspecies was generallytwo to three,but therewere often six to twelveindividuals belonging to eachof severalnuclear species. The lowlanddeciduous forest flocks seemed to lack nuclearspecies. Key words: Mixed-speciesflocks; insectivorousbirds; Mexico; migratory birds;pine-oak woodlands;tropical deciduous forests. INTRODUCTION mixed-speciesflocks in 26 sites(Appendix I) that Mixed-speciesinsectivorous bird flockshave been were distributed among various habitats described from temperate and tropical areas throughout western Mexico. The habitat types worldwide (Rand 1954), and are known to occur that I surveyed can be roughly classified (after in practically every habitat type (Powell 1985). Pesman 1962) as belonging to either lowland Although mixed-species flocks are quite com- (tropical deciduous and tropical evergreen) or mon in north temperate regions during the non- highland (oak, pine-oak, and boreal) forests. -
ISB: Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Longleaf Pine Preserve Plant List Acanthaceae Asteraceae Wild Petunia Ruellia caroliniensis White Aster Aster sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Adoxaceae Begger-ticks Bidens mitis Walter's Viburnum Viburnum obovatum Deer Tongue Carphephorus paniculatus Pineland Daisy Chaptalia tomentosa Alismataceae Goldenaster Chrysopsis gossypina Duck Potato Sagittaria latifolia Cow Thistle Cirsium horridulum Tickseed Coreopsis leavenworthii Altingiaceae Elephant's foot Elephantopus elatus Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Oakleaf Fleabane Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Fleabane Erigeron sp. Amaryllidaceae Prairie Fleabane Erigeron strigosus Simpson's rain lily Zephyranthes simpsonii Fleabane Erigeron vernus Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Anacardiaceae Dog Fennel Eupatorium compositifolium Winged Sumac Rhus copallinum Dog Fennel Eupatorium spp. Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Slender Flattop Goldenrod Euthamia caroliniana Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia minor Annonaceae Cudweed Gamochaeta antillana Flag Pawpaw Asimina obovata Sneezeweed Helenium pinnatifidum Dwarf Pawpaw Asimina pygmea Blazing Star Liatris sp. Pawpaw Asimina reticulata Roserush Lygodesmia aphylla Rugel's pawpaw Deeringothamnus rugelii Hempweed Mikania cordifolia White Topped Aster Oclemena reticulata Apiaceae Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Button Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium Rosy Camphorweed Pluchea rosea Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Pluchea Pluchea spp. Mock Bishopweed Ptilimnium capillaceum Rabbit Tobacco Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum -
Bromeliads Bromeliads Are a Family of Plants (Bromeliaceae, the Pineapple Family) Native to Tropical North and South America
A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 19 March 2012 Bromeliads Bromeliads are a family of plants (Bromeliaceae, the pineapple family) native to tropical North and South America. Europeans fi rst found out about bromeliads on Columbus’ second trip to the New World in 1493, where the pineapple (Ananas sp.) was being cultivated by the Carib tribe in the West Indies. The commercial pineapple (Ananas comosus) is native to southern Brazil and Paraguay. After the colonization of the New World it was rapidly transported to all areas of the tropics, and now is widely grown in tropical and sub- tropical areas. The only A collection of bromeliads placed on a tree at Costa Flores, Costa Rica. bromeliad to occur north of the tropics is Spanish “moss” (Tillandsia usneoides). It is neither Spanish nor a moss, but an epiphytic bromeliad. It doesn’t look much like a typical Commercial pineapple, Ananas comosus, bromeliad, though, with its long scaly stems and reduced in the fi eld. fl owers. Bromeliads are monocots, many of which, like their grass relatives, have a special form of photosynthesis that uses a variation of the more usual biochemical pathways to allow them to use water more effi ciently. Even though they come from the tropics, this helps those that are epiphytes contend with life in the treetops where there is limited water and a real danger of drying out. There are about 2500 species Many bromeliads are tropical and several thousand hybrids epiphytes. and cultivars. Many have brightly colored leaves, fl owers or fruit, and range in size from moss-like species of Tillandsia to the enormous Puya raimondii from the Andes which produces a fl owering stem up to 15 feet tall. -
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers
Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brandan L. Gray August 2019 © 2019 Brandan L. Gray. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers by BRANDAN L. GRAY has been approved for the Department of Biological Sciences and the College of Arts and Sciences by Donald B. Miles Professor of Biological Sciences Florenz Plassmann Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT GRAY, BRANDAN L., Ph.D., August 2019, Biological Sciences Ecology, Morphology, and Behavior in the New World Wood Warblers Director of Dissertation: Donald B. Miles In a rapidly changing world, species are faced with habitat alteration, changing climate and weather patterns, changing community interactions, novel resources, novel dangers, and a host of other natural and anthropogenic challenges. Conservationists endeavor to understand how changing ecology will impact local populations and local communities so efforts and funds can be allocated to those taxa/ecosystems exhibiting the greatest need. Ecological morphological and functional morphological research form the foundation of our understanding of selection-driven morphological evolution. Studies which identify and describe ecomorphological or functional morphological relationships will improve our fundamental understanding of how taxa respond to ecological selective pressures and will improve our ability to identify and conserve those aspects of nature unable to cope with rapid change. The New World wood warblers (family Parulidae) exhibit extensive taxonomic, behavioral, ecological, and morphological variation. -
Tillandsia Recurvata Is the Most Wide
ZLATKO JANEBA Tillandsia recurvata illandsia recurvata is the most wide- even known to grow on roofs and power lines. spread bromeliad. It occurs in the T. recurvata is the type species of subgenus Dia- southern US, where it stretches phoranthema, which contains some 30 variable and from Florida all the way to Arizo- mostly miniature species that have small, incon- na, and as far south as as Argenti- spicuous flowers. Members of Diaphoranthema are na and Chile. It grows epiphytical- common and locally abundant in South Ameri- ly on trees, bushes, and cacti or as ca, with a distribution centered in Argentina and a petrophyte on rocky cliffs. It is Bolivia. Only two species reach North America: T. recurvata (aka Small Ballmoss) was found growing close to the ground on the side of the barrel cactus Echinocactus platyacanthus near La Ascención, Nuevo León, Mexico (right). More often, T. recurvata is spotted (right) clinging to the bark of pine trees (Pinus johannis and Pinus arizonica var stormiae), as seen here at a Tspot between Santa Lucia and El Pinito, Nuevo León. 2 CACTUS AND SUCCULENT JOURNAL T. recurvata, sometimes called Small Ballmoss, and Tillandsia species, such as T. capillaris, T. croca- T. usneoides, the well known Spanish Moss. ta, and T. mallemontii, which are found in simi- Polyploidy, the condition wherein a plant con- lar habitats but which have different flower char- tains more than one set of chromosomes in its acteristics. cells, is common in this subgenus. Normally we T. recurvata was described by Carl Linnaeus think of polyploidy resulting in larger-than-nor- as Renealmia recurvata in 1753, the same year mal plants, but these bromeliads tend to be quite that he erected the genus Tillandsia. -
Water Relations of Bromeliaceae in Their Evolutionary Context
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 181, 415–440. With 2 figures Think tank: water relations of Bromeliaceae in their evolutionary context JAMIE MALES* Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK Received 31 July 2015; revised 28 February 2016; accepted for publication 1 March 2016 Water relations represent a pivotal nexus in plant biology due to the multiplicity of functions affected by water status. Hydraulic properties of plant parts are therefore likely to be relevant to evolutionary trends in many taxa. Bromeliaceae encompass a wealth of morphological, physiological and ecological variations and the geographical and bioclimatic range of the family is also extensive. The diversification of bromeliad lineages is known to be correlated with the origins of a suite of key innovations, many of which relate directly or indirectly to water relations. However, little information is known regarding the role of change in morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits in the evolutionary origins of the classical ecophysiological functional types in Bromeliaceae or how this role relates to the diversification of specific lineages. In this paper, I present a synthesis of the current knowledge on bromeliad water relations and a qualitative model of the evolution of relevant traits in the context of the functional types. I use this model to introduce a manifesto for a new research programme on the integrative biology and evolution of bromeliad water-use strategies. The need for a wide-ranging survey of morphoanatomical and hydraulic traits across Bromeliaceae is stressed, as this would provide extensive insight into structure– function relationships of relevance to the evolutionary history of bromeliads and, more generally, to the evolutionary physiology of flowering plants. -
Spanish Moss, Ball Moss, and Lichens - Harmless Epiphytes 1 Joe Sewards and Sydney Park Brown2
ENH1224 Spanish Moss, Ball Moss, and Lichens - Harmless Epiphytes 1 Joe Sewards and Sydney Park Brown2 Epiphytes are “air” plants that survive on moisture and Despite their common names, Spanish moss (Tillandsia nutrients in the atmosphere. Several epiphytic plants, like usneoides) and ball moss (Tillandsia recurvata) are not Spanish moss, ball moss, and lichen, are common to the mosses, but members of the Bromeliad family. Spanish Florida landscape and southeast United States. People moss (Figure 1) is easily recognizable by its pendant unfamiliar with epiphytes sometimes worry that they may strands. Ball moss (Figure 2) is a small, tufted, gray-green injure the plants they perch in. Epiphytes attach themselves plant. Both prefer high light and will therefore thrive on to plants, but they do not harm the plants, unlike mistletoe, weak or dead trees that have lost their leaves. Their pres- a plant parasite. Without soil as a source of nutrients, ence on dead or dying trees does not implicate them as the epiphytic plants have evolved the capacity to obtain miner- cause of the plant’s deterioration, however. Sick or dead als dissolved in water that flows across leaves and down host trees likely succumbed to soil compaction, altered branches. drainage, disease, or other problems that can compromise plant health. Spanish moss may speed the decline of failing While epiphytes may grow on wires, fences and other trees. This is because branches heavily laden with Spanish non-living structures, they are particularly well-adapted to moss may shade lower leaves, intercepting light needed well-lit, moist habitats commonly found near rivers, ponds for photosynthesis, and sometimes concealing structural and lakes. -
Generico Cialis on Line
BROMELIAD SOCIETY OF SAN FRANCISCO SEPTEMBER 2018 Meeting Specifics When: Thursday, September 20 Designing With Palms: Time: 07:30 PM Companion Plant Topic San Francisco County Fair Where: Building Palms are a landscape staple in warm, temperate climates worldwide. But these stunning and statement-making plants 9th Avenue at Lincoln Way are large, expensive, and difficult to install, resulting in San Francisco unique design challenges. In Designing with Palms, palm expert Jason Dewees details every major aspect of designing and caring for palms. Jason shares his expertise in plants, and especially palms, with designers, landscape architects, botanical garden curators, municipalities, and gardeners, always with an eye to design. Jason helps identify and source the best varieties based on the design intention and requirements, growing conditions, and market availability. Roger Lane has signed up for refreshments this month. Any additional refreshments are appreciated. Thanks in advance! September 2018 August Meeting Cristy Brenner took us to the Roraima tepui, inspiration for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Lost World Last month, Cristy Brenner best trips in her life. were more experienced hikers and gave us a slide show on her kept way head of Cristy and Betty. trip to the Roraima tepui in The first day’s hike was 2013. Cristy made this trip relatively easy and somewhat Cristy showed us slides of Brocchinia with Betty Paterson who has level. After this, the climb was hechtioides that is similar to one spoken to our society several against the rock walls of the found on the Auyan tepui (the first times about some of her many tepui. -
Ball Moss Tillandsia Recurvata
Ball Moss Tillandsia recurvata Like Spanish moss, ball moss is an epiphyte and belongs to family Bromeliaceae. Ball moss [Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L], or an air plant, is not a true moss but rather is a small flowering plant. It is neither a pathogen nor a parasite. During the past couple of years, ball moss has increas- ingly been colonizing trees and shrubs, including oaks, pines, magnolias, crape myrtles, Bradford pears and others, on the Louisiana State University campus and surrounding areas in Baton Rouge. In addition to trees and shrubs, ball moss can attach itself to fences, electric poles and other physical structures with the help of pseudo-roots. Ball moss uses trees or plants as surfaces to grow on but does not derive any nutrients or water from them. Ball moss is a true plant and can prepare its own food by using water vapors and nutrient from the environment. Extending from Georgia to Arizona and Mexico, ball moss thrives in high humidity and low intensity sunlight environments. Unlike loose, fibrous Spanish moss, ball moss grows in a compact shape of a ball ranging in size from a Figure 1. Young ball moss plant. golf ball to a soccer ball. Ball moss leaves are narrow and grayish-green, with pointed tips that curve outward from the center of the ball. It gets its mosslike appearance from the trichomes present on the leaves. Blue to violet flowers emerge on long central stems during spring. Ball moss spreads to new locations both through wind-dispersed seeds and movement of small vegetative parts of the plant. -
Report Appendices
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Acknowledgements Appendix B: Planning Team Structure Appendix C: Project Timeline Appendix D: Map Units in the GCP&M Ecoregion Appendix E: Portfolio of Conservation Areas in the GCP&M Ecoregion Appendix F: Conservation Element Selection Criteria Appendix G: Terrestrial Systems Appendix H: Freshwater Aquatic Ecological Systems Appendix I: Viable Conservation Element Occurrences--Progress Towards Portfolio Goals Appendix J: Definitions of Rarity Appendix K: Geographic Distribution of Elements Appendix L: Spatial Scale of Elements Appendix M: Viability Guidelines Appendix N: Conservation Goal Default Numbers Appendix O: Method of Portfolio Assembly Appendix P: Viable Conservation Element Occurrences by Taxa Type in the Portfolio Appendix Q: Portfolio Conservation Areas with Captured Elements Appendix R: Functional Landscapes, Sites and Biological Richness Appendix S: List of Data Gaps APPENDIX A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of the ecoregional conservation plan for the Gulf Coast Prairies and Marshes would not have been possible without the diligent, flexible, and concerted effort of the numerous individuals who assisted along the way as members of the ecoregional planning team and in other capacities. Of particular note have been the contributions of members of the Core Team who devoted large amounts of time, sometimes under duress, toward the completion of this report: Jorge Brenner, Bill Carr, Amalie Couvillion, Troy Ettel, Steve Gilbert, Ray Johnson, Richard Martin, Latimore Smith, and David Wolfe. Special thanks go to Amalie Couvillon who kept momentum going when no one else would or could. In addition, Steve Gilbert went the “extra yard” regarding data management and GIS analysis with committed and positive spirit. -
A Sight Record of the Crescent-Chested Warbler from Lowland Sonora
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS museum specimens for us, and John M•ffhn, Boston Saba, Sherman Suter, and Richard K. TUCKER, J.A. 1971. M•scellaneous notes Bowers for their efforts to obtain docu- Birding 3: 27. E("Smitty")WOULD likeSmithto andthank SharonR.T. mentaryphotographs. Goldwasserfor assistancein the field, 400 Frederick St, Gale Mortson, John C. Arvin, and Janet LITERATURE CITED Hanover, PA 17331 (Heathcote), Witzeman for information on the war- PETERSON, R.T. and E.L. CHALIF. 1973. and 950 Third Ave , bler'srange, Jori L. Dunnfor examining A field guideto Mexicanbirds. Houghton New York,NY 10022 (Kaufman) A sight record of the Crescent-chested Warbler from lowland Sonora Scott B. Terrill the generalshape differed somewhat,in of regular dispersalor migration, al- HE(ParulaCRESCENT-CHESTED superciliosa)is a speciesWARBLERof that the bird appearedslightly smaller, thoughit doesnot revealthe proportion humidmountain forests, including pine- perhaps longer-billed, with a more of the populationthat disperses,nor the oak and broadleaf dominated associ- roundedbreast and a moreslimly tapered distanceinvolved. Finally, the subspe- ations of Mexico and Central America posterior.The entire head and nape ap- cies V. s. sodalis, which breeds in north- (AmericanOrnithologists' Union 1983). pearedgray, broken only by a highlycon- westernMexico, hasbeen regarded as a Althoughit is generallyconsidered a resi- trastingwhite superciliumthat widened partialmigrant by Miller et al. (1957) dentthroughout its range,a recentrecord posteriorly.The wings were dark, con- The Rio Yaqui flows out of the Sierra for Arizona (Heathcote and Kaufman, trastingwith a bright greenupper back. Madre Occidental at its northern tenm- this issue)and the sightrecord reported No wingbarswere evident. The throat, nus.It is notunreasonable to suggestthat here indicatethat this little-knownspe- upper breast, and upper sides were this individual warbler followed the n- ciesmay at leastoccasionally wander or bright,clear yellow with a small, ovoid, parianhabitat downstream. -
FRONTISPIECE. Three-Striped Warblers (Basileuterus Tristriatus) Were Studied in the Northern Andes of Venezuela. Temperate and T
FRONTISPIECE. Three-striped Warblers (Basileuterus tristriatus) were studied in the northern Andes of Venezuela. Temperate and tropical parulids differ strongly in life histories. Three-striped Warblers have smaller clutches, longer incubation periods, lower nest attentiveness, longer off-bouts, and slower nestling growth rates than most temperate species. Water color by Don Radovich. Published by the Wilson Ornithological Society VOL. 121, NO. 4 December 2009 PAGES 667–914 The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 121(4):667–678, 2009 BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE THREE-STRIPED WARBLER IN VENEZUELA: A CONTRAST BETWEEN TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE PARULIDS W. ANDREW COX1,3 AND THOMAS E. MARTIN2 ABSTRACT.—We document reproductive life history traits of the Three-striped Warbler (Basileuterus tristriatus) from 146 nests in Venezuela and compare our results to data from the literature for other tropical and temperate parulid species. Mean (6 SE) clutch size was 1.96 6 0.03 eggs (n 5 96) and fresh egg mass was 2.09 6 0.02 g. The incubation period was 15.8 6 0.2 days (n 5 23) and the nestling period was 10.5 6 0.3 days (n 5 12). Males did not incubate and rarely provided food for females during incubation. Females had 57 6 2% (n 5 49) nest attentiveness (% of time on the nest incubating), which caused egg temperature to commonly become cold relative to development. Both adults fed nestlings and feeding rates increased with nestling age. The growth rate constant for nestlings based on mass was K 5 0.490, which is slower than for north temperate warblers.