Oregon Bicycle Racing Association Racing Rules Adopted 1/20/01
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Issue 47 B H P C Newsletter - Issue 47 Front Cover: Andy Pegg in Action at Eastway Photo: Brian Dalton
The British Human B H P C Power Club ...much better than Thomas the Tank Engine! Further Beatles Collaborations Ruled Out As Ringo Finds New Career Opportunity Winter 1996 Issue 47 B H P C Newsletter - Issue 47 Front Cover: Andy Pegg in action at Eastway Photo: Brian Dalton Contents Editorial Dave Larrington 3 Events '97 mostly gNick 7 Letter Roy MacDonald 9 Letter Robin Downes 10 Letter Hugh Haines 10 Rolling Resistance Colin Porter, John Kingsbury, 12 Aarn Tate, Roy MacDonald The Scouse School Of Aerodynamics Nigel Sleigh 16 Secretarial Stuff Steve Donaldson 17 Leicester - Lancaster Sherri Prisk 19 Results '96 - Bumper Edition Various Artists 24 Suppliers & Wants 40 Recumbent Christmas Tina Larrington 44 Objectives: The British Human Power Club was formed to foster all aspects of human-powered vehicles - air, land & water - for competitive, recreational and utility activities, to stimulate innovation in design and development in all spheres of HPV's, and to promote and to advertise the use of HPV's in a wide range of activities. And to have a good laugh while doing it. OFFICERS Chairman & Press Officer Mike Burrows 16 Thunder Lane ( Work 01603 721000 Thorpe, Norfolk ( Home 01603 32142 Competition Secretary gNick Green 267 Tixall Road ( Home 01785 223576 Stafford, ST16 3XS Secretary Steve Donaldson 21 Glenholme Avenue ( Home 01224 722514 Dyce, Aberdeen AB21 7FF Treasurer & Membership Dennis Adcock all cheques to be 29 Chequers Hill ( Home 01494 721088 made out to the Amersham, Bucks BHPC HP7 9DQ Newsletter Editor Dave Larrington 166 Higham Hill Road ( Home 0181 531 4496 London E17 6EJ E-mail: [email protected] Note new Secretary & Newsletter Editor.. -
2017 USA Cycling Rulebook
Glossary Academic Year: A year beginning on August 1 of one calendar year and ending on July 31 of the following calendar year. Administrator: A USAC Regional Coordinator or the person designated by the Local Association. Amateur Class: The amateur class comprises riders in the senior/elite age group (19-29) who are not members of UCI teams, or, in the case of women, not on domestic elite teams. Bicycle Race: Competition among persons using bicycles where awards are given on the basis of relative performance. Cannibalizing: Taking any part or component from one bicycle to repair another, or to improve the result of another. Category: An ability-based designation for riders. Riders in the same age class may race in groups based on ability category. Class: An age-based designation, such as junior, U23, Elite, or master. Club Ride: A training ride open only to members of bicycle clubs that are members of USA Cycling or a race that is open only to members of one such club and any participant who holds a USA Cycling racing license must be licensed as a member of that club. Combined Division Race: A race in which riders from both divisions compete. Criterium: A road event held on a small course entirely closed to traffic. The length of the course is between 800 m and 5 km. The minimum width throughout the course should be 7 m. Cross Country: A massed-start competition that is held on a circuit course comprising forest roads, forest or field trails, and unpaved dirt or gravel roads. -
Intro to Track Cycling
Introduction to Track Cycling What to Expect and How to Upgrade Photo: Snowy Mountain Photography Track cycling history ¨ Track racing dates back to the late 1800s and 6-day racing events Velodrome basics ¨ Velodromes can range from less than 200 meters to over 500 meters in length ¨ Wood, concrete, and asphalt 2012 London Olympic Velodrome are common surface materials ¨ Current Olympic velodrome standard is a wood indoor 250 meter velodrome with banking of around 45 degrees ¨ Ed Rudolph Velodrome (aka Northbrook) is a 382 meter asphalt velodrome with banking of around 20 degrees Ed Rudolph Velodrome What are the colored lines on the track? ¨ The ”blue band” or “cote d’azur” marks the track’s inside boundary. Racers may not ride on or below this band. The area below the blue band extending to the grass is called the “apron.” ¨ The black “measurement line” is used to measure the distance around the track. When doing pursuits or time trials, use this line as a guide. ¨ The red “sprinter’s line” defines the border of the sprint lane. The leading rider in this lane is said to “own the lane” and may only be passed by a rider going over on the right. NO PASSING BELOW RIDERS IN THE SPRINTERS LANE. Additionally once a sprint is engaged, a racer who is leading and in the sprinter’s lane can not leave it. ¨ The uppermost blue line is the “stayer’s line” or the relief line. It marks the boundary between faster and slower traffic, with the faster riders below the line and the slower “relief” riders above the line. -
2017 USA Cycling Rulebook
2017RULE BOOK Welcome! On behalf of USA Cycling, we hope that you are looking forward to a new year of bike racing. We are glad that you are a member and hope that you will find many opportunities to enjoy bike racing of all kinds. Good luck with your racing! Rev. 1/20/17 Modified 1E6(d) chart to correctly reflect regulation Added header to 1J6 Modified 1H10(c) to reflect Cat. 5 women Minor formatting changes Rev. 2/21/17 Modified 1A3(c) to fix issue with one-day MTB licenses. Cover Photos: Men’s Road: Casey B. Gibson Women’s MTB: Phil Beckman/PB Creative Men’s CX: Weldon Weaver Women’s Track: Rob Jones/CanadianCyclist.com 1 This Rulebook is published by USA Cycling. It is organized as follows: Chapter 1 – General Regulations Chapter 2 – Track Chapter 3 – Road and Stage Racing Chapter 4 – Cyclo-cross Chapter 5 – Mountain Bike Chapter 6 – Collegiate Chapter 7 – Championships Chapter 8 -- Discipline Chapter 9 – Records Chapter 10 -- Gran Fondo Appendices Glossary Copies may be downloaded from the USAC website at www.usacycling.org. Officials are sent a hard copy. Other members may request a hard copy by sending a self- addressed mailing label and note that says "rulebook" to the address below: USA Cycling/ Attn: Technical Director 210 USA Cycling Point, Suite 100 Colorado Springs, CO 80919 Schedule of fees, USA Cycling Bylaws, Policies, Records, and Results of National Championships may be found online at www.usacycling.org Unfortunately, the English language does not have a neutral gender personal pronoun. -
International OMNIUM
International OMNIUM MEN 1) Flying Lap (against the clock) The International Omnium event 2) 30 km Points Race (15 km for junior men) is a multi-race event for individuals in track 3) Elimination cycling. Historically the omnium has had a 4) 4 km Individual Pursuit (3 km for junior men) variety of formats. Currently, and for the 2012 5) Scratch Race London Olympic Games, the omnium as defined 6) 1km Time trial by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) and consists of six events (both timed individual *Timed events are conducted individually while events and massed start pack races) for men the rest are pack style races. and for women that are conducted over two consecutive days. Ideally, the Omnium event showcases the best all-round, consistent rider -- speed, endurance and savvy race intelligence make up an International Omnium champion. Points are awarded in reverse order for each event within the omnium. The rider who finishes first in an event receives one point, the second rider will gets two points and so on down the placings. The winner is the rider with the lowest total points. If two riders are tied on points, the combined time of the three time trials will be the tie breaker to determine final placing. Also, riders must complete every event in the omnium. So if WOMEN a rider were to crash in an early segment and not 1) Flying Lap (against the clock) make it to the finish, they would be eliminated 2) 20 km Points Race (10 km for junior women) from continuing on in the next portion. -
Ticketing Guide
Ticketing Guide June 2021 1 Contents 1. Games Overview p2 2. Games Venue p3 3. Tickets Rules p7 4. Accessibility p8 5. Competition Schedule p9 6. Full Competition Schedule And Prices p10 Opening and Closing Ceremonies p10 Golf p41 Aquatics (Swimming) p11 Gymnastics (Artistic) p42 Aquatics (Diving) p13 Gymnastics (Rhythmic) p43 Aquatics (Artistic Swimming) p14 Gymnastics (Trampoline) p43 Aquatics (Water Polo) p15 Handball p44 Aquatics (Marathon Swimming) p17 Hockey p46 Archery p18 Judo p48 Athletics p19 Karate p50 Athletics (Marathon) (Race Walk) p21 Modern Pentathlon p51 Badminton p22 Rowing p52 Baseball p23 Rugby p53 Softball p24 Sailing p54 Basketball (3x3 Basketball) p25 Shooting p55 Basketball p26 Skateboarding(Park) p56 Boxing p28 Skateboarding(Street) p56 Canoe(Slalom) p30 Sport Climbing p57 Canoe(Sprint) p31 Surfing p58 Cycling(BMX Freestyle) p32 Table Tennis p59 Cycling(BMX Racing) p32 Taekwondo p61 Cycling(Mountain Bike) p33 Cycling(Road) p33 Tennis p62 Cycling(Track) p34 Triathlon p65 Equestrian/Eventing p35 Beach Volleyball p66 Equestrian/Dressage,Eventing,Jumping p35 Volleyball p68 Fencing p36 Weightlifting p70 Football p38 Wrestling p71 1 1. Games Overview Olympic Sports A total of 33 different sports will be contested at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020. The 2020 Games are also the first time that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has enabled the Organising Committee to propose additional sports for that edition of the Olympic Games. The Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee proposed the five additional sports of Baseball/Softball, Karate, Skateboarding, Sport Climbing and Surfing. All five were approved by the IOC for inclusion in the Tokyo 2020 Games. sports including Karate, Skateboarding, Sport Climbing and Surfing, which will be making their Olympic debuts at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 23 July – 8 August 2021 (17 days) 2 2. -
2021 Cyclist Bible 2021 Cyclist
2021 CYCLIST BIBLE 39TH ANNUAL LOGAN, UTAH TO JACKSON HOLE, WYOMING BIKE RACE HOW IT ALL BEGAN The LoToJa was started in 1983 by two Logan cyclists, David Bern, a student at Utah State University, and Jeff Keller, the owner of Sunrise Cyclery. The two men wanted a race that resembled the difficulty of a one-day European classic, like Paris-Roubaix or the Tour of Flanders. LoToJa's first year featured seven cyclists racing 192 miles from Logan to a finish line in Jackson's town square. The winning time was just over nine hours by Logan cyclist, Bob VanSlyke. Since then, LoToJa has grown into one of the nation’s premier amateur cycling races and continues to be a grueling test of one's physical and mental stamina. Many compete to win their respective category, while others just ride to cross the finish line. At 200+ miles, LoToJa is the longest one-day USAC-sanctioned bicycle race in the country. Thank you for riding with us! Cover art courtesy of David V. Gonzales - davidvgonzalesart.com Photos provided by Snake River Photo - snakeriverphoto.com WELCOME TO LOTOJA INSIDE THIS GUIDE 1 — Event Schedule 15 — Crew Guidelines & Information 2 — Check-in/Packet Pickup 17 — Crew Vehicle Drive Distance Schedule 2 — Podium Awards & Protest Period 18 — Crew Driving Directions 3 — 2021 Start Schedule 19 — Cyclist Care / First-Aid Reminders 4 — Timing Chip, Finish Line, and Results 21 — Course Elevations and Map 5 — Cyclist Information 23 — Logan to Preston • Leg 1 Information 7 — Cyclist Guidelines 25 — Preston to Montpelier • Leg 2 Information 9 — Feed Zone Information 27 — Montpelier to Afton • Leg 3 Information 11 — Relay Team Guidelines 29 — Afton to Alpine • Leg 4 Information 12 — Additional Safety Guidelines 31 — Alpine to Finish • Leg 5 Information 13 — Veteran Advice 33 — King/Queen of Mtn. -
Freddie Mercury's Bicycle Race Turns Real 42 Years On
ANEESH PHADNIS RAM PRASAD SAHU SHINE JACOB ARUP ROYCHOUDHURY TAMAL BANDYOPADHYAY SUDIPTO DEY JOYDEEP GHOSH Freddie Mercury’s bicycle race turns real 42 years on ISHITA AYAN DUTT excitement around bicycles and you as gyms continue to remain shut. It’s Kolkata, 19 July are talking to a 57-year-old man,” COVID NO SPOKE good to see women also joining in,” said Pankaj M Munjal, chairman IN THE WHEEL FOR said a professional cyclist. Bicycle, bicycle, bicycle and managing director, Hero Motors The new entrants to the cycling I want to ride my bicycle, bicycle, Company (HMC). PEDAL PUSHERS arena are either gym goers trying to get bicycle... Hero has a 43 per cent share in the | Hero has seen 50% increase their dose of cardio, or people cooped 16-million Indian bicycle market. in demand for premium bicycles; up at home wanting to catch a breath Freddie Mercury of the British HMC plants are working overtime, demand for e-bikes shot up by of fresh air with some physical activity rock band Queen penned the song at about 110 per cent. “We are working almost 100% after lockdown thrown in. Either way, cycling just Bicycle Race in 1978 inspired by on Saturdays and Sundays,” he said. | Decathlon Sports India has seen got a fresh lease on life. Tour de France, the famed multiple Small wonder, given it had A spokesperson for Decathlon stage bicycling race. But 42 years later, orders for 500,000 bicycles in June, more than 45% cent year-on-year Sports India (DSI), the Indian arm of the Covid-19 pandemic has pushed compared to actual sales of 350,000 growth in sales in June and July the French sporting goods retailer, everyone into singing the same tune. -
Official Programme of the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020
OFFICIAL PROGRAMME OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES TOKYO 2020 QUOTAS SPORTS MEN'S EVENTS WOMEN'S EVENTS MIXED/OPEN EVENTS TOTAL M W T AQUATICS 664 746 1410 23 25 1 49 Diving 68 68 136 3m Springboard 3m Springboard 10m Platform 10m Platform Synchronised 3m Springboard Synchronised 3m Springboard Synchronised 10m Platform Synchronised 10m Platform Marathon Swimming 25 25 50 10km Marathon Swimming 10km Marathon Swimming Swimming 439 439 878 50m Freestyle 50m Freestyle 4x100m Mixed Medley Relay 100m Freestyle 100m Freestyle 200m Freestyle 200m Freestyle 400m Freestyle 400m Freestyle 800m Freestyle 800m Freestyle 1500m Freestyle 1500m Freestyle 100m Backstroke 100m Backstroke 200m Backstroke 200m Backstroke 100m Breaststroke 100m Breaststroke 200m Breaststroke 200m Breaststroke 100m Butterfly 100m Butterfly 200m Butterfly 200m Butterfly 200m Individual Medley 200m Individual Medley 400m Individual Medley 400m Individual Medley 4 x 100m Freestyle Relay 4 x 100m Freestyle Relay 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay 4 x 200m Freestyle Relay 4 x 100m Medley Relay 4 x 100m Medley Relay Synchronised Swimming ─ 104 104 Duets Teams Water Polo 132 110 242 12-team tournament 10-team tournament ARCHERY 64 64 128 2 2 1 5 Individual competition Individual competition Mixed Team Team competition Team competition ATHLETICS 988 912 1900 24 23 1 48 100m 100m 4x400m Mixed Relay 200m 200m 400m 400m 800m 800m 1,500m 1,500m 5,000m 5,000m 10,000m 10,000m 110m Hurdles 100m Hurdles 400m Hurdles 400m Hurdles 3,000m Steeplechase 3,000m Steeplechase 4 x 100m Relay 4 x 100m Relay 4 x 400m Relay -
Using Field Based Data to Model Sprint Track Cycling Performance Hamish A
Ferguson et al. Sports Medicine - Open (2021) 7:20 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00310-0 REVIEW ARTICLE Open Access Using Field Based Data to Model Sprint Track Cycling Performance Hamish A. Ferguson1* , Chris Harnish2 and J. Geoffrey Chase1 Abstract Cycling performance models are used to study rider and sport characteristics to better understand performance determinants and optimise competition outcomes. Performance requirements cover the demands of competition a cyclist may encounter, whilst rider attributes are physical, technical and psychological characteristics contributing to performance. Several current models of endurance-cycling enhance understanding of performance in road cycling and track endurance, relying on a supply and demand perspective. However, they have yet to be developed for sprint-cycling, with current athlete preparation, instead relying on measures of peak-power, speed and strength to assess performance and guide training. Peak-power models do not adequately explain the demands of actual competition in events over 15-60 s, let alone, in World-Championship sprint cycling events comprising several rounds to medal finals. Whilst there are no descriptive studies of track-sprint cycling events, we present data from physiological interventions using track cycling and repeated sprint exercise research in multiple sports, to elucidate the demands of performance requiring several maximal sprints over a competition. This review will show physiological and power meter data, illustrating the role of all energy pathways in sprint performance. This understanding highlights the need to focus on the capacity required for a given race and over an event, and therefore the recovery needed for each subsequent race, within and between races, and how optimal pacing can be used to enhance performance. -
BICYCLE RACING Road Racing - TOUR DE FRANCE BIGGIST, HARDEST and MOST PRESTEGIOUS BIKE RACE in the WORLD • 21 DAYS • 2000+ MILES • SINCE 1903
BICYCLE RACING Road racing - TOUR DE FRANCE BIGGIST, HARDEST AND MOST PRESTEGIOUS BIKE RACE IN THE WORLD • 21 DAYS • 2000+ MILES • SINCE 1903 Each year the course changes • 20 Stages Regular road stage (mass start - 16) Team time trial (1) Individual time trial (3) • Lowest overall time wins • Race is a team competition Peloton (pack) – mass start stage race INDIVIDIAL TIME TRIAL • Start 1 racer at the time with 2 min intervals • no drafting allowed • special aerodynamic bike, suite and helmet TEAM TIME TRIAL AERODYNAMICS AERODYNAMIC DRAG • Air pressure drag • Direct friction Rider can safe up to 40% of energy by drafting behind other riders Mountain bike racing Cyclo-cross The original two cycling disciplines – Road race and Track cycling – were included in the first Olympic Games of modern times in Athens in 1896 Olympic medallists Olympic medallists Gold Medallists in the 2000 Olympic Games Gold Medallists in the 2000 Olympic Games Cycling Road Cycling Road Event Athletes Event Athlete Individual Time Men Jan Ullrich, (Germany) s Trial Women Leontien Van Moorsel (Netherlands) Individ Men Jan Ullrich, (Germany) Leontien Van Moorsel (Netherlands) ual IndividualWomen Men Viacheslav Ekimov (Russia) Road Race Time Women Leontien Van Moorsel Trial (Netherlands) Individ Men Viacheslav Ekimov (Russia) ual Women Leontien Van Moorsel (Netherlands) Road Race Track Cycling Event Athletes 1km Individual Men Jason Queally (Great Britain) Time Trial 500m Individual Women Felicia Ballanger (France) Time Trial Men Marty Nothstein (USA) Sprint Women -
Characteristics of Track Cycling
Sports Med 2001; 31 (7): 457-468 REVIEW ARTICLE 0112-1642/01/0007-0457/$22.00/0 © Adis International Limited. All rights reserved. Characteristics of Track Cycling Neil P. Craig1 and Kevin I. Norton2 1 Australian Institute of Sport, Track Cycling Unit Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 2 School of Physical Education, Exercise and Sport Studies, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Contents Abstract . 457 1. Track Cycling Events . 458 1.1 Energetics of Track Events . 458 2. Physical and Physiological Characteristics of Track Cyclists . 459 2.1 Body Shape, Size and Composition . 459 2.2 Maximal Oxygen Consumption . 461 2.3 Blood Lactate Transition Thresholds . 461 2.4 Anaerobic Capacity . 461 3. Competition Power Output . 462 3.1 200m Sprint . 462 3.2 1000m Time Trial . 463 3.3 4000m Team Pursuit . 463 3.4 4000m Individual Pursuit . 464 3.5 Madison . 464 4. Programme Design and Monitoring . 465 5. Conclusion . 466 Abstract Track cycling events range from a 200m flying sprint (lasting 10 to 11 seconds) to the 50km points race (lasting ≈1 hour). Unlike road cycling competitions where most racing is undertaken at submaximal power outputs, the shorter track events require the cyclist to tax maximally both the aerobic and anaerobic (oxygen independent) metabolic pathways. Elite track cyclists possess key physical and physiological attributes which are matched to the specific requirements of their events: these cyclists must have the appropriate genetic predisposition which is then maximised through effective training interventions. With advances in tech- nology it is now possible to accurately measure both power supply and demand variables under competitive conditions.