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DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT FOR SAND MINING OR RIVER BED MINING IN WEST JAINTIA HILLS DISTRICT
Prepared in accordance with para 7(iii)(a) of S.O.141(E) dated 15th January, 2016 as amended on S.O.3611(E) dated 25th July 2018 of MoEFCC Notification
Compiled by Nodal Officer District Level Task Force, WJH District
Sd/- Sd/- (Shri. Garod L.S.N Dykes, IAS) (Shri. Nainamalai, IFS) Deputy Commissioner, Divisional Forest Officer, WJH District Jaintia Hills (T) Division Cum Cum Chairman, DLTF, Member Secretary, DLTF, WJH District WJH District
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Table of Contents Sl. Chapter No. 1 Introduction 3 2 Overview of Mining Activity in the District 26 3 The List of Mining Lease in the District 27 4 Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last 36 three years 5 Detail of Production of Sand or Bajri or Minor 37 mineral in last three years 6 Process of Deposition of Sediments in the 38 rivers of the District 7 General Profile of the District 41 8 Land Utilization Pattern in the District : Forest, 42 Agriculture, Horticulture, Mining etc. 9 Physiography of the District 44 10 Rainfall : Month-wise 46 11 Geology and Mineral Wealth 47 12 District wise detail of river or stream and other 51 sand source 13 District wise availability of sand or gravel or 52 aggregate resources 14 District wise detail of existing mining lease of 60 sand and aggregates
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1. INTRODUCTION:
About District
West Jaintia Hills District is one of the 11 (eleven) districts of the state of Meghalaya. With the bifurcation of the erstwhile Jaintia Hills District into East and West Jaintia Hills District, West Jaintia Hills District came into existence on 31st July 2012 with its Head Quarter at Jowai. Jowai is the host of all the heads of important governmental offices and establishments, educational institutions, hospitals, banking institutions, etc.
The total area of the district is 1693 Sq.kms. The district comprises of 1(one) Civil Sub-Division Viz. Amlarem Civil Sub-Division and 3(three) Community and Rural Development Blocks viz. Amlarem C&RD Block, Laskein C&RD Block and Thadlaskein C&RD Block with the following boundaries: -
North– Assam South – Bangladesh and East Jaintia Hills District East – Assam West – East Khasi Hills District
Population The district has a total population of 2,70,352, of which 1,34,406 are males and 1,35,946 are females. The density of Population is 159.69 per sq. km.
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Total Area(S Populat Population Block q. Kms) Male Female ion Density
Amlarem 398.00 21750 21802 43552 109.43
Laskein 390.40 45182 44783 89965 230.44
Thadlaskein 896.60 53761 54654 108415 120.92
Jowai Urban 8.00 13713 14707 28420 3552.50
Total 1693.00 134406 135946 270352 159.69
Natural Feature
West Jaintia Hills District is full of rugged and undulating terrains with the exception of the deep gorges, steep precipice and narrow valleys carved out by the rivers of Umngot, Myntdu, Myntang and a good number of other turbulent streams that drain out all over the district. The district has good forest (over which is endowed with rich flora and fauna. One of the reasons that the District has a substantial forest cover is the presence of a large number of sacred groves which are maintained by the Raij. These sacred groves are found at Jowai, Raliang, Shallgpung, Mukhla, Nongtalang, Chytmallg and other village forest areas. Full of vibrant culture, tradition, great scenic beauty and tranquillity, it has great DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
potential as tourist destination, nature's lover paradise and a source for Education & Research Development.
Climate
The Climate of West Jaintia Hills District is uniquely pleasant and caressing. It is neithertoo warm in summer nor too cold in winter. The rainfall profile is very high during the south west monsoon, which usually starts from the middle of May and declines towards the last part of September. The intensity of rainfall in the district during the last few years has registered a rising trend, due to the untimely vagary of monsoon coupled by the existence of fogs, mists and nimbus clouds which loom large during the rainy season. The Average Relative Humidity is the highest during the month of July while December records the lowest Relative Humidity.
Administration
The Deputy Commissioner is the head of the District Administration.The Deputy Commissioner is the Executive head as well as judicial head of the district. The Deputy Commissioner is aided by a number of officers like Additional Deputy Commissioner, Sub-Divisional Officer of Civil Sub-Division and Extra Assistant Commissioners to assist him in different types of activities. As the executive head, the Deputy Commissioner plays a vital role in coordinating with all developmental heads of the district for all round developmental activities.
Maintenance of law and order is another important aspect of district administration to give proper security and to safeguard the lives and properties of the citizens. In this regard, the Deputy Commissioner acts as the District Magistrate for maintenance of law and order in the district. The District Magistrate is assisted by Additional Deputy DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Magistrate,Sub-Division Magistrate and other Executive Magistrates and keeps close Link with police department for necessity. The Superintendent of Police is the head of the Police the Office of the Deputy Commissioner, West Jaintia Hills District is located at Iawmusiang, Jowai.The district consists of 5(five) Assembly Constituencies, Viz. 1-Nartiang(ST),2-Jowai (ST), 3-Raliang(ST), 4- Mowkaiaw(ST) and 7-Amlarem(ST). The members of the Legislative Assemblies are elected by Adult suffrage for a term of 5(five) years.
There is one Autonomous District Council, viz. Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council which is headed by the Chief Executive Member, assisted by the Executive Members. The council discharges the functions and duties as assigned to it under the provisions of the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution of India. The functions and duties of the council are discharged through the Executive,Legislative and Judiciary wings. The members of the council are elected by adult suffrage for a term of 5(five) years.The office of the Jaintia Hills Autonomous District Council is located at Iawm usiang,Jowai.
Cultural Heritage
West Jaintia Hills District is the home of one of the major tribes of Meghalaya popularly known as the ‘Jaintias’ or the ‘Pnars’ and other sub tribes like the wars, the ‘Bhois’ and the ‘Biates’. Like the Khasis, the Jaintias are believed to be remnants of the first Mongolian overflow into India. They established themselves in their present homeland in the remote past and owing primarily to their geographical isolation they succeeded in maintaining their independence until the consolidation of the British administration in this part of India.
Jaintias are a matrilineal society which is a very rare and unique practice where the children take the identity or family title solely from the DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
mother. Women are very lucky in this way, because they are treated with equal rights but the head of the family is always the father. Amongst the Jaintias, it is the youngest daughter who inherits property and has the obligation to take care and look after the family members incase of any financial or health problems.
Language
The people inhabiting the district are the Pnars, Wars, Bhois (Karbis) and Biates mainly. So it is obvious that not one language is spoken. But the main language widely used by the inhabitants of this di strict is the Pnar Language which is different in every sense from the Khasi language of the East and West Khasi Hills Districts of this State of Meghalaya. As is known there is no written script for this language and Khasi is used for educative purposes.English is the only medium of instruction used in some schools e.g. Adventist Training School. Other schools use the vernacular dialect in Roman letter (Khasi Cherra dialect) and English as the medium of instruction. However for high school section,English was adopted as the medium of instruction and Khasi dialect was studied as a vernacular subject. It is known that a few local learned people are trying to devise the alphabets for the Pnar language.Besides English, Hindi , Nepali, Bengali, Assamese, are spoken by outsiders for communication. A lot of outsiders can speak the Local language pretty well, making work and communication easier.
Dance and Music
Pnars are fond of dance, music, sports and festivals. Mindful of their cultural heritage, these simple folks are jovial and hospitable. Pnars are particularly fond of songs praising nahlre like lakes, waterfalls, hills etc. and expressing love for their land.They use different types of musical instruments like Duitara, Sarong, (both a restringed instruments), Ka DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Nakra, Padiah, Katasa (different types of drums), Marynken (harp), Chu wiang, Tangmuri (flutes) etc.
Pnars are music lovers and consider ‘Ka Duitara’as the Queen of music. Traditionally ‘Ryndia khyrwang’, ‘Ryndia Saru’ , ‘Ryndia Stem’,’Ryndia Tlem’ were worn by Jaintia ladies.Men used to wear Sula, Yuslei n, Patoi, Dhara etc. Usually women wear gold and silver ornaments like KhaiJa, Kpien Ksiar, Sahkti, Khadu, Pansngiat (tiara) etc. during Laho dance.Both males and females perform the Laho dance. Attired in their best finery, usually young men on either side of a woman holding arms together, dance in steps. In place of the usual drum and pipe, a cheerleader, usually a man gifted with the talent of impromptu recitation, recites couplets to the merriment of the audience.
‘Shad Pliang’ or plate dance was performed in the Royal palaces to please royal guests.This dance is performed in fields also.
Chad Sukra : This festival of dances is held annually in Jowai and many villages of West Jaintia Hills District, for a day in the month of Aprilj May before the sowing season.
Festival
Behdeinkhlam :
This is the most important festival of the Jaintias and is celebrated after the sowing is done. It is celebrated annually at Jowai, Ialol1g, Mukhla,Thadmuthlong and Chyrmang usually in the month of July- August. It is a popular and colourful festival. Men only, young and old, take part in the dancing to the tune of the drums and flute.Women do not take part in the dancing but have an important role to play at home in offering sacrificial food to the spirit of the ancestors. They invoke their aid and intercession that life here below will be good and worthy for the DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
next one above. Men make a symbolic drivi ng away of the evil spirits which cause sickness and misery, by beating the roof of every house with bamboo poles. This festival is also an invocation to God seeking His blessing for a good harvest.
Religion
The original tribal religion of the Jaintias is known as Niamtre. The Jaintia tribal believe that their religion is God-given (not founded by man) and comes to this world by God’s decree. The three cardinal principles dictated by God are kamai yei hok, tipbru tipblai and tipkur tipkha. They signify right living and practice based 011 right livelihood fulfilment of duties toward fellow men to reach God and showing respect to the members of one’s father’s and mother’s clans. Therefore, Niamtre stresses equal weight to be given to fellow humans to attain God’s realisation.The British paramountcy during the Seventeenth Century brought about the winds of change in many aspects of the Jaintia society, a good percentage of the people started embracin g Christianity as their religion. Also with the coming of the Welsh Missionaries, many significant changes took place which had certain effects on the value system, beliefs, speech, etiquettes, food habits, life styles and most importantly in the fields of health,education and economic condition of the people. Traditionally, if anyone died in the village, the whole village would stop their work and gather at the deceased person’s house. People still follow the custom in spite of the hectic schedule of everyday modern life.Apart from Christians, there are other religious groups in the district like the Unitarians, the Hindus, the Muslims etc.
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Arts and Crafts
Jaintia people are famous for their weaving skills and creating cane mats, stools and baskets. They are also famous for weaving of carpet and silk and the making of musical instruments, jewellery and pineapple fiber articles.They also weave cloth. A collection of various types of clothing used by both men and women of this district.They include dresses worn during festivity as well as in their day to day life.
Pottery
Jaintia people are famous for their potteryskills. They make special kinds of earthen containers (Maloi) used to store food items and others, earthen tea pots (Tipot Khyndew Heh) used for storing the prepared tea for serving purpose or simply for storing water, earthen mugs (Mok Um) used for drinking water.
Food
Jaintia people are very fond of Jadoh, a nourishing Biryani clone. It is prepared from pig head.Jadoh is served with Dokhleh (pieced pork). Another important cuisine is Tpusein(a steamed rice bread) which is bland in taste and it is taken with piping hot tea.Jaintias are famous for preparing “Tungtoh” or “Tungrymbai” which is a pungent mix of fermented beans and spices that adds the flavor to the simplest meal or festive spread.Another traditional delicacy of the Jaintias is ‘Kha rang'(dried fish) which is crispy in taste.’Kwai’ which is similar to ‘Tamul+Pan’ in Assam hasa special social importance.
Literacy rate of the District:
As per 2011 census the Literacy rate of the district is 63.23%, male is 59.75% and female is 66.71 %. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Economic Activities
Agriculture is the major occupation in West Jaintia Hills District, in which about 70% of the population depends primarily on agriculture for their livelihood. Rice and maize are the major food crops grown throughout the district with appreciable improvement in yield. Wheat has been introduced recently and the result is quite encouraging. Potato, ginger, garlic and turmeric are some of the important cash crops of the district. The district is the native of the world famous turmeric Lakadong variety. On southern slopes, ill warmer areas, particularly in Dawki- Syndai area, plenty of areca nut and betel vines cultivation can be seen. Special emphasis is presently laid on the non traditional crops like Oilseeds (Sesamull1, Rapeseeds, Mustard seeds, Soyabean), Medicinal plants, orchids and commercial flowers. The district has a vast potential for developing horticulture due to Agro climatic conditions, which offer much scope for cultivation of temperate, sub tropical and tropical fruits and vegetables. Orange (khasi Mandarin), pine apple, banana, lemon, jackfruit and temperate fruits such as plums, pears and peaches are some of the important horticultural crops grown in the district. Apart from tile above crops, the district has achieved good yield in the production of tomato, cabbage and cauliflower. Sericulture or silkworm rearing important occupation of the people, particularly those living near forests
Markets
Iawmusiang is the biggest market in the district located at the heart of Jowai town. In this market, most of the shopkeepers are women. All kinds of articles, food items, clothing, hardwa re, electrical goods, medicines, agricultural implements, handicrafts, audio-video equipments etc. are available.
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List of Important Markets in the District: Block wise
Sl. No. Name of Markets Distance from Distance from Block HQ (in District HQ (in Kms) Kms)
Thadlaskein C&RD Block Ummulong 3 13 1 Nartiang 17 27 Khanduli 60 70 I.askein C&RD Block Mookaiaw 3 38 2 Raliang 6 29 Shangpung 14 21 Amlarem C&RD Block Jarain 10 17 3 Muktapur 23 52 Dawki 27 56
Forest
West Jaintia Hills District is rich in forest. The heavy and long monsoon supports the luxuriant forest of pines over the district. The principal forest produces are timber, bamboo, medicinal herbs and plants, Orchids of different species like Blue Yanda (Yanda coeru lea), ladies slipper (Paphiopedilum insigne), Golden shower (Cymbidium elegans), Dendrobium chrysanthum, Anoectochilus sikkimensis, Liparis pulchella are found in the forests of the district. Pitcher plants or Nepenthes Khasiana Hk, the insect eating plants of Botanical wonder are found in plenty in and around Jarain area. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Wildlife
West Jaintia Hills District has a high biodiversity of Wildlife. Different species of birds, mammals which includes Bats, Carnivores and rodents are found in the district. Some noteworthy Mammals species including Golden Cat (F.temmincki), Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis Kerr), Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), Leopard (Panthera pard us), Hog Deer (Axis porcinus), Malayan Giant Squirrel (Ratufa bicolor), Common Giant Flying squirrel Petaurista, Crestless Himalayan or Chinese Porcupine Hystrix brachyuran(syn. H.hod gsonii) can be found in the district.
Birds A rich and diverse bird life exists in the district. Among the noteworthy species recorded so far includes Parrots, Eagles, Owls, Crows, Pigeons, Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus Linnaeus), Rufous-necked Hornbill Aceros nipalensis, Giant or Great Pied Hornbill Buceros bicomis.
Reptiles The diversity of reptiles could not be assessed fully, however, a few notable species were recorded in the district. This includes The Asian leaf turtle Cyclemis dentate, The Common Varanus bengalensis and Water monitors V. salvator y. Among the snakes, Common cobra Naja naja, Banded krait Bungarus fasciatus, Common krait B. caeruleus. Striped keelback Amphiesma stolata, Common vine snake Ahaetulla nas utus and Green pit viper Trimererurus albolabris have been recorded.
Industry
The pace of industrialization in the district is still slow. However, there has been a steady increase in the number of registered small scale units which are mostly in the tiny sector covering Servicing Industries, Bakeries, Furniture making, Iron and Steel fabrication, Tailoring, DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Knitting, Leather work, Shoe making, Handicrafts, Tin-trunk making, Stone crusher, Betel nut Preservation, Turmeric Processing, Fish Fermentation, Honey Processing, Auto Servicing, Car Washing Centre, Electronic Repairing, Cartridge Manufacturing and Refilling Centre.
Education
As per 2011 census the Literacy rate of the district is 63.23%, male is 59.75% and female is 66.71 %. In the last few years of the implementation of Sarva Shikshya Abhiyan (SSA) in the district, a lot of progress has been made in providing access to schooling facilities both at the Lower and Upper Primary stages. Development of infrastructural activities also has been taken in the district mainly through SSA program. Focusing on improvement of quality of education by improving the quality of teachers has also been successful to a great extent. There are 718 L.P. Schools and 186 U.P. schools in West Jaintia Hills District (Government, Government aided, SSA) with an enrolment of 33089 and 7146 respectively. In respect with Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools, there are 3 Government, 7 Defi cit, 66 Permitted Secondary and 3 Government, 2 Deficit, 7 Adhoc, 6 Permitted and 2 private higher Secondary Schools. RMSA (Rashtriya Madhyamic Shiksha Abhiyan) Scheme has also been implemented in the district in 2010-2011. As of now, only Government Secondary and Higher Secondary Schools are covered. Mid-day Meal scheme is also implemented in Government, Government aided and SSA Schools. The benefits of the scheme are construction of kitchen shed, appointment of cook, provision of free food grains and cooking cost. The District has four Degree Level Colleges, namely, Kiang Nangbah Government College, Nongtalang College, Thomas Jones Synod College and Shangpung College. There is one Law College in the district, namely, Khat-ar-Doloi Law College, Jowai. Jowai Polytechnic is a technical institute which provides facilities for study in DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Diploma Courses in Engineering, Architecture and Fashion Designing. Bosco Pnar Multipurpose Vocational Institute, Jowai provides vocational training in General Welding, Stabilized earth blocks, Knitting & Tailoring, Plumbing, Driving School, Animal Husbandry, Typing, Horticulture, General Carpentry, House Wiring, Computer and Mechanic (MMV). Private University like Martin Luther Christian University, Sikkim Manipal University, and CMJ University have also been set up in the district. The District also has Computer institutes like Indian Institute of Professional Studies (IIPS) Jowai, Rynjah Institute of Information Technology (RUT) Jowai.
Health Facilities
There are at present one Government Hospital and one Private Hospital, 3 Community Health Centres, 12 Primary Health Centres, 43 Sub centres and 1 Dispensary.
List of District Hospitals (DH), Community Health Centres (CHC), Public Health Centres (PHC) along with Sub Centres (SC) : West Jaintia Hills District
Block DH/CHC/PHC SC
Jarain PHC Mupyut SC
Sohkha SC Amlarem Block Nongtalang CHC Lamin SC (9 SC, 3 PHC, 1 Syndai SC CHC, 1 DISPY) Pdengshakap PHC Tarangblang SC
Dawki PHC (24 x 7) Darang SC DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Muktapur SC
Pyrsadwar SC
Padu ST DISPY Nongbareh SC
Wahiajer SC
Tyrshang SC
Moodymmai SC Ummulong CHC Nongkhroh SC
Sohphoh SC
Bamkamar SC
Moobakhon SC
Thadlaskein Saitsama SC Block Namdong PHC Khanduli SC (20 SC, 4PHC, 1 CHC, 2DH) Sanaro SC
Mustem SC Khliehtyrshi PHC Sohmynting SC
Mihmyntdu Sc Nangbah PHC Mupliang Sc
Nongjngi Sc
Nartiang PHC (24 x 7) Mynkrem Sc
Mynsngat Sc DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Nonglatem Sc
Thadbamon Sc
Rakabah Sc
Jowai Civil Hospital
Norman Tunnel Hospital
(Private)
Mookaiaw SC
Laskein CHC Motyrshiah SC
Raliang SC
Khliehrangnah SC Shangpung PHC (24 x 7) Mynska SC
Laskein Block Pammanik SC
(14 SC, 5 PHC, 1 Mynso PHC Phramer SC
CHC) Kyndongtuber SC
Saphai SC Iooksi PHC Nongryngkoh
Mukroh SC
Barato PHC Shilliang Myntang SC
Thangrain SC
Sahsniang PHC Psiar SC
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Minerals
The major mineral resources of West Jaintia Hills District are Coal, Limestone, Shale and Sandstone. The district is enormously endowed with coal deposits particularly in Chyrmang, Iooksi, Byrwai, Jarain areas etc. The district is also endowed with rich limestone deposits in Syndai and Nongtalang areas which call for the generation of the export promotion schemes. Besides these, the district is also known for fireclay at Larnai. The fireclay is of good quality and is suitable for fire bricks.
Hydro Electricity Power
West Jaintia Hills District has also a very good potential on useable water resources for Hydro electric projects. The Myntdu-Leshka Hydro Electric Project-I has already been in service and Stage II and III are in the commissioning stages. The Kupli Hydro Electric Project situated in the border of West Jaintia Hills District with the North Cachar Hills District of Assam has already been completed.
Tourist Places:
West Jaintia Hills District is dotted with a number of lovely tourist spots, where nature unveils herself in all her glory. Full of vibrant culture, tradition, great scenic beauty and tranquillity are some of the attractions of the district that can pull any tourist in. The Major tourist spots of the district are as follows: 1. Syntu ksiar - Located 2 kms from Jowai town, the site is easily reachable from Jowai main market. In a field known as 'Madiah Kmai Blai' stands the Memorial Monument of 'U Kiang Nangbah', the Jaintia Freedom Fighter. The place is an ideal picnic and angling spot. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
2. Tyrchi Falls - Located at about 4 kills from Jowai, one needs to trek for about a kilometer on a bridle path to reach to the falls. 3. Thadlaskein Lake- Located about 8 kms from Jowai off National Highway 44, this placid lake is a popular weekend hangout. According to tradi tion, the lake was dug by the followers of Jaintia Chieftain, U Sajar Nangli. The lake is revered by the people of the area who continue to offer sacrifice near the lake. A comfortable tourist Inn is located close to the lake. 4. Nartiang - Located about 24 Kms from Jowai, the village being the summer capital of erstwhile Jaintiapur king is famous for cluster of monoliths, the largest in the state and the ancient Hindu Temples, Durga and Shi v. It is the only village in the state where people are following Hindu Religion and Durga Puja is celebrated every yea r. 5. Ialong - Located about 8 kms from Jowai on the Jowai-Silchar Road, National Highway 44, the village has a Rural Tourism Project and is known as the Tourist village of the District. The village has a Sacred Grove with a park overlooking a panoramic view of the paddy fields on the bank of River Myntdu. Eco Lodges for tourists are available near the Sacred Grove. 6. Thlumuwi- Located 16 kills off the Jowai-Dawki road is ThJullluwi, a place famous for the historical stone bridge built over the Muwi stream by warriors of Jaintia Hills. The Bridge was built under the order of the Jaintia kings as it was the route of Jaintiapur kings whenever they visited the Summer Capital at Nartiang from Sylhet( now in Bangladesh). The bank of Thlumuwi stream with the cascading Muwi Falls which overlook the stone bridge presents a memorable scenic view to every visitor. 7. Jarain Pitcher Plant- Located in Jarain Village of Amlarem Civil Sub-Division, the Lake is about 19 kms from Jowai. It is centred on DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Pitcher Plant theme to attract attention of visitors to the Pitcher Plant which is not only unique to the area but also unique for its carnivorous qualities. 8. Umiaknieh Stone Bridge and Krangsuri Falls - Located at about a kilometer from the Amlarem C&RD Block Office is the stone Bridge at Umiaknieh Stream. Near the stream is an enchanting waterfall with water that is crystal clear and turquoise in colour. The fall is known as Krangsuri Falls. 9. Syndai- Located at about 50 kms from Jowai, the village is famous for the Caves system, some of which are tourist friendly. On the Syndai-Mu ktapur-Dawki road is a bathing pool known as Rupasor Bathing Ghat. Traditions had it that this pool was hewn out of rock by Jaintia warriors for Jaintiapur princesses to bathe and swim. 10. Dawki - Located about 4 kms from Jowai and 91 kms from Shillong, it is famous for the Umngot River and the heritage Dawki Bridge built by the British connecting East Khasi Hills and Jaintia Hills District. Dawki, stands on the International Borderline of India and Bangladesh. 11. Shnongpdeng : Located in the War Jaintia area of the District, about 4 kilometers from Jowai, Shnongpdeng, a village on the bank of the river Umngot is an ideal village for those interested in adventurous water tourism. Far from the din and bustle of city life, it provides a refreshing and idyllic moment for those who want a soothing, calm experience.
Sports Sports like Football, Athletics, Basketball, Badminton, Cricket etc. are popular in the district. People are also very fond of traditional sports like Archery and Angling. The important rivers for angling are Myntdu, DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Myntang, Umiurelll, Umngot where different species of fishes are found in abundance. Recently, water sports like Scuba Diving, Snorkelling, and Rafting on the river Umngot have been introduced.
Transportation and Communication Jowai, the Head quarter of the district is connected with Shillong and Silchar by NH 44. All 3 Block Head Quarters in the district have also been connected by roads. Important places are connected by metalled roads are Khanduli, Garampa ni and Dawki. Recently Jowai-Amlarem- Dawki Road has been declared as National Highway NH40 (E). One can reach Jowai (HQ) by Sumos, Indicas, buses that ply on the road starting from Jowai stand, Shillong (near Anjali Cinema Hall). Jowai town is well connected with the rest of the country by the STD and Internet facilities availed by the Telecom Company, BSNL and many mobile services companies.
Road Distances from the District Hq, Jowai to ... (in Kms) 1 3 3 Guwahati Tura Laskein 159 389 35 6 3 Thadlaskei 1 Shillong Williamnagar 60 378 n 10 1 Bagmara 5 8 Nongstoin Saipung 148 (via Tura) 511 84 1 2 5 Nongpoh Amlarem Dawki 110 27 56 1 3 New 6 Cherrapunjee Khliehriat 115 32 Garampani 67
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Radio and Television West Ja intia Hills District is served by a 100 KW Radio Transmitter located at Ladthadlaboh, Dongmihsngi, Jowai. As regard television coverage, 6KW DDK Relay centre is located at the premises of all India Radio, Jowai.
Some Basic Data of West Jaintia Hills District A. The Land (Provisional Data of 2011 Census): • Area -1693 sq. kms • Civil Sub-Divisions - Amlarem Civil Sub-Division • Community and Rural Development Blocks - Laskein C&R.D Block, Thadlaskein C&R.D Block, Amlarem C&R.D Block. • Number of Towns - l eone) Jowai Town • Number of Villages - 293 • Number of Households - 34401 • Number of Assembly Constituencies - 5 B. The People (Provisional Data of 2011 Census) : • Total Population - 2,70,352 • Urban Population - 28,420 • Density - 159.69 per sq. km • Literacy Rate - 63.23% C. Other Important Data: • Number of Lower Primary Schools - 718 • Number of Upper Primary Schools -186 • Number of Secondary Schools - Governm ent 3, Deficit 7, Permitted Second ary Schools 66. • Number of Higher Secondary Schools-Government 3, Deficit 2, Adhoc 7,Permitted Higher Secondary Schools 6, Private Higher Secondary Schools 2 DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
• Number of Colleges -Government 1, Private 3 • Number of Hospitals -Government 1, Private 1 • Number of Community Health Centres - 3 • Number of Primary Health Centres -12 • Number of Sub-Centres - 43 • Number of Dispensaries -1 • Number of Police Stations - 3 • Number of Beat House - 1 • Number of Outposts - 5 • Number of Traffic Branches - 2 • Number of Fair Price Shops - 277 • Number of Post Office - 1 • Number of Vehicles Registered (2011-2012) - 2898
Purpose of District Survey Report
(Taken from Government of Meghalaya notification vide no. FOR.29/2019/1 dated 9th July 2019)
In accordance with para 7(iii)(a) of S.O.141(E) dated 15th January, 2016 as amended on S.O.3611(E) dated 25th July 2018 of MoEFCC NotificationDistrict Survey Report has been prepared. District Survey report will be prepared in every district for Sand mining or River bed mining and other small minerals mining.
The main purpose of preparation of district survey report is identification of areas of aggradations or depositions where mining can be allowed and identification of areas of erosion and proximity to infrastructural structures and installation where mining should be prohibited and calculation of annual rate of replenishment and allowing time for replenishment after mining in that area. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
This District Survey report contains mainly Geology Mineral wealth details of rivers, Details of Lease and Mining activity in the District along with Sand mining and revenue of minerals. This report also contains details of Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, Road, Transportation climate etc. The district survey report will be based for evaluation of the application for project and environment clearance of mining activity in the district.
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2. OVERVIEW OF MINING ACTIVITY IN THE DISTRICT:
a) Types of minor mineral found: river sand, hill sand, limestone, boulders
b) Requirements and uses:
i) Limestone: limestone kiln, for manufacturing of lime used in building material construction and for export
ii) Boulder: construction
iii) Sand: construction
c) Method of extraction of sand, hill sand: Not available (currently extraction is not permitted)
d) Presence of industries consuming minor minerals: Not available
e) Sand mining blocks/ stretches / villages: Not available
f) Nos. of stone crushers present in the district: None
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3. LIST OF MINING LEASES IN THE DISTRICT WITH LOCATION, AREA AND PERIOD OF VALIDITY
/ / st Lease renewal) (Initial) nd 2 Periods ofof Mining Periods Mining Periods ofPeriods (1 LeaseMining etc.) Sl. No Sl. Name ofLessee Name the Date of grant of EC ofDate grant of Name ofMineral Name the Captive/NonCaptive Area ofAreaLease Mining(ha.) To To To From From Mining Lease Grant OrderMining No.&Date Lease Grant Method of(Opencast/Underground) MethodMining Date ofDate ofcommencementMining Operation Location oftheLocation MiningLatitude/ Lease Longitude) Status(Working/ No-Working/Temp.Working Dispatch for Obtained Environmental ClearanceObtainedifyes(Y/N)Environmental withletter No. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
May,2018. 191/Mining 1. - st Non 3.20 Captive 19.04.18 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone Limestone 31.05.2018 31.05.2030 dt.20.03.18 Pillar No.5Pillar ˚ 13’ 12.84”N13’ ˚ 92˚ 04’ 25.45”E92˚ 04’ 25 19/LS/960/B/546 No. JH/LT/ML/2018- No. No. GEN No. Sahkhadu,Nongtalang Shri. Lahmon TongperShri. Dated: 31 Dated: Plan/LTongper/2018/141 West Jaintia HillsDistrict West Jaintia
April, 2018April, 198/Mining 2. - th Non 3.00 Captive Captive 19.04.18 26.03.18 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone 17.04.2018 17.04.2035 ˚ 4’ 45.753”4’ E˚ ˚ 13’ 10.009” N˚ 13’ Way Point. C Point.Way 92 19/LS/959/B/154 25 No. JH/P.K.P/2018-No. No. GEN Dated: 17 Dated: Smt. Plenty k.PyngropePlentySmt. Thanghunai, NongtalangThanghunai, West Jaintia HillsDistrict. West Jaintia Plan/PPyngrope/2018/146 dt.Plan/PPyngrope/2018/146 DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
June,2018 207/Mining 3. th 3.4 - Non Captive 07.06.18 07.06.18 10.05.18 Working 13’ 8.365”N Opencast Opencast Limestone Limestone 07.06.2028 Pillar No.3Pillar ˚ 4’ 49.608”E˚ 4’ 19/972/B/586 92 25˚ No. GEN No. NongtalangAmkapai, Dated: 07 Dated: Smt. Suprita MyrchiangSmt. Suprita West Jaintia HillsDistrict West Jaintia No. JH/S.M/ML/LS/2018- Plan/SMyrchiang/2018/131 dt.Plan/SMyrchiang/2018/131
April, 2018April, 195/Mining 4. - th Non 4.10 Captive Captive 18.04.18 19.04.18 15.03.18 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone 5.851”E˚ 5’ 18.04.2027 Pillar No. 4Pillar ˚ 13’ 30.447” N˚ 13’ 92 19/LS/956/B/230 25 Shri. Obiwel Pohtam Shri. No. JH/OP/ML/2018-No. No. GEN Dated: 18 Dated: Amsyndui, NongtalangAmsyndui, West Jaintia HillsDistrictWest Jaintia Plan/OPohtam/2018/102 dt. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
August,18 185/Mining 5. th - Non 0.035 Captive 27.08.18 27.08.18 Working Opencast Opencast 19.12.17. Limestone Limestone 31.75”E5’ ˚ 27.08.2022 Pillar No.5Pillar ˚ 13’ 21.28”N13’ ˚ 19/935/B/1001 92 25 Smt. Dolly KhonglahSmt.Dolly No. GEN No. Dated: 27 Dated: Amsyndui, NongtalangAmsyndui, No.JH/CC/ML/DK/2018- West Jaintia HillsDistrict West Jaintia Plan/KK/2017/2017/275dt.
April, 18April,
th 194/Mining 6. - Non 3.40 Captive Captive 18.04.18 19.04.18 26.03.18 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone 3.633”E˚ 5’ 18.04.2028 Pillar No. 3Pillar ˚ 13’ 33.384” N˚ 13’ 19/964/B/239 92 25 Dated: 18 Dated: No. GEN Smt. Aldrina NonglaminSmt. Aldrina West Jaintia HillsDistrictWest Jaintia No. JH/AN/ML/LS/2018-No. Nonglynrong,Nongtalang Plan/ANLamin/2018/121 dt. Plan/ANLamin/2018/121 DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
April, 2018April, 196/Mining 7. - th Non 4.95 Captive 17.04.18 25.04.18 15.03.18 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone Limestone 43.9”E10’ ˚ ˚ 13’ 53.9”N˚ 13’ 17.04.2043 Pillar No.5 Pillar 92 25 19/LS/953/B/172 Smt. Baby NongrumSmt. Baby No. GEN No. No. JH/BN/ML/2018- No. Trangblang Lakareng, Dated: 17 Dated: West Jaintia HillsDistrict West Jaintia Plan/BNongrum/2018/100 dt.
May, 2018 192/Mining 8. st - Non 2.55 Captive Captive 31.05.18 13.04.18 26.03.18 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone 21.25”E˚ 4’ ˚ 13’ 5.13"˚ 13’N 31.05.2033 Pillar No. 4Pillar 92 25 19/LS/961/B/545 No. GEN Shri. AronShri.Myrchiang Dated: 31 Dated: No. JH/AM/ML/2018- No. NongtalangSahkhadu, West Jaintia HillsDistrictWest Jaintia Plan/AMyrchiang/2018/143dt. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
April, 18April,
th 193/Mining 9. - Non 3.70 Captive 18.04.18 19.04.18 Working Opencast Opencast 15.03.18. Limestone Limestone 0.223”E5’ ˚ Pillar No.5 Pillar 18.04.2029 ˚ 13’ 54.041”N˚ 13’ 92 19/LS/957/B/221 25 Dated: 18 Dated: Amtuma, NongtalangAmtuma, No. GEN No. No. JH/HN/ML/2018- West Jaintia HillsDistrict West Jaintia Plan/HNLamin/2018/99 dt. Shri. HemantamNonglaminShri.
June,2019 233/Mining th 10. - Non 4.30 Captive Captive 24.06.19 24.06.19 07.01.19 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone Amsyndui, Amsyndui, 24.06.2026 Pillar No. 5Pillar ˚ 13’ 33.78”N˚ 13’ 92˚ 05’ 2.58”E92˚ 05’ 20/1026/B/1775 25 Smt. DukaniTariang Smt. No. GEN Dated- 24 Dated- West Jaintia HillsDsitrictWest Jaintia No. JH/ML/D.T/LS/2019- Plan/DTariang/2018/113-119dt. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
June, 2019 225/Mining th 11. - Non 4.55 Amlari Captive 24.06.19 26.06.19 Working Opencast Opencast Limestone Limestone 24.06.2037 Pillar No.3Pillar ˚ 8’ 50.642”E˚ 8’ dt. 08.02.19 dt. ˚ 11’ 34.741”N˚ 11’ 20/1027/B/1797 92 25 No. GEN No. Dated- 24 Dated- No. JH/ML/S.L/LS/2019-No. HillsDistrict West Jaintia Shri. ShemphangLakashiang Shri. Plan/SLakashiang/2018/105-111
April, 2018April, 189/Mining 12. - th Non 1.820 Captive Captive 17.04.18 15.03.18 Working Opencast Opencast 18.04. 18 18.04. ˚ 09’ 53.3”E˚ 09’ ˚ 29’ 06.7” N˚ 29’ 17.04.2037 Pillar No. 5Pillar Khliehtyrshi Boulder StoneBoulder 92 25 No. JH/E.R/2018- Shri. EmdorRymbaiShri. 19/ML/BS/952/B/199 No. GEN Dated: 17 Dated: West Jaintia HillsDistrictWest Jaintia Plan/ERymbai/2017/101 dt. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
April, 2018April, 197/Mining 13. - th Non 4.460 Captive 17.04.18 19.04.18 Working Opencast Opencast 15.03.18. ˚ 11’ 30.4”E11’ ˚ 17.04.2043 Pillar No.3Pillar Boulder StoneBoulder 92 25˚ 30’ 55.2”N25˚ 30’ 19/BS/958/B/163 Shri. NibianSumer Shri. Mukhla Shohshrieh Mukhla No. JH/NS/ML/2018-No. No. GEN No. Dated: 17 Dated: West Jaintia HillsDistrict West Jaintia Plan/NSumer/2018/101 dt.Plan/NSumer/2018/101
April, 2018April, 188/Mining 14. - th Non 0.91 Captive Captive 18.04.18 19.04.18 Working Opencast Opencast 15.03.18. ˚ 07’ 39.2”E˚ 07’ ˚ 26’ 21.6” N˚ 26’ 18.04.2028 Pillar No. 5Pillar Sohmynting 19/BS/B/265 Boulder StoneBoulder 92 25 Smt. Morning KassarSmt. Morning No. GEN No. JH/MK/ML/2018- No. Dated: 18 Dated: West Jaintia HillsDistrictWest Jaintia Plan/MKassar/2017/107 dt. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
August,2018 15. 0.9 Non th Captive 10.08.18 13.08.18 Working Wahiajer Opencast Opencast ˚ 10’ 47.2”E10’ ˚ ˚ 31’ 28.6”N˚ 31’ 10.08.2037 Pillar No.3Pillar 19/977/B/910 Boulder StoneBoulder 92 25 Shri. Briwon Pohshna BriwonShri. No. GEN-204/MiningNo. Dated: 10 Dated: Plan/BPohshna/2018/107 No. JH/BP/ML/BS/2018- No. West Jaintia HillsDistrict West Jaintia
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
4. DETAILS OF ROYALTY OR REVENUE RECEIVED FROM MAJOR MINERALS AND MINOR MINERAL IN LAST THREE YEARS IN THE DISTRICT
Details of Royalty Collected For Other Minor Mineral Year Minor Quantity Amount (Rs.) Mineral Limestone 6,44,617 5,15,69,360.00 mt. 2016-17 Boulder 8,807 m3 21,13,680.00 Stone Limestone 1,771 mt. 1,28,674.00 2017-18 Boulder 74,814 m3 1,79,55,360.00 Stone Limestone 3,13,175 2,55,35,200.00 mt. 2018-19 Boulder 11,465 m3 27,51,600.00 Stone
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5. DETAILS OF PRODUCTIONOF SAND OR BAJRI (GRAVEL/AGGREGATE) OR MINOR MINERALS IN THE LAST THREE YEARS :
No Mining Lease has been granted for sand or bajri mining so far.
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6. PROCESS OF DEPOSITION OF SEDIMENTS IN THE RIVERS:
The major rivers in West Jaintia Hills District include Myntdu, Myntang and Mynriang. The Myntdu River originates from Mih-Myntdu village and the Myntang River originates from Ialong village, both these villages being located just north of Jowai Town, whereas the Mynriang River originates from Ionglwit village near Nongjngi. The Myntdu River flows southwards to the Meghna Basin in Bangladesh, whereas the Myntang and the Mynriang River flows northwards to the Brahmaputra Basin in Assam. Before entering Assam there is a confluence with the Kupli River which originates from East Jaintia Hills District at the Assam-Meghalaya border and which is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River.
There are no available records on sediment load transport in the river systems in the district so the details cannot be furnished at the moment. Moreover, the study regarding the erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments in the river network of the district has not been carried out by our department so far.
The general slope direction/gradient etc. also cannot be provided at the moment, due to non availability of resources such as GIS and Remote Sensing software along with high resolution Digital Elevation Model. However, the above information can perhaps be obtained in consultation with NESAC.
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7. GENERAL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT :
Covered in detail in Chapter 1: Introduction
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8. LAND UTILIZATION PATTERN IN THE DISTRICT: FOREST, AGRICULTURE, MINING, ETC:
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
Reserve Forests Nil Eco-Sensitive Zone including Wildlife Nil Sanctuary Social Forestry Plantation 2034Ha
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
9. PHYSIOGRAPHY OF THE DISTRICT: West Jaintia Hills District being a component of Meghalaya plateau has its physiographic features similar to East Khasi Hills District.
The Physiographic of district can be classified into three physiographic units: 1. Northern Hills – area of low undulating hills gradually sloping down towards the Brahmaputra valley. 2. Central plateau – the area of high elevation including the district headquarter. 3. Southern Hills – the steep slopes overlooking the south facing Bangladesh plain also known as War Jaintia.
In general, the whole District is full of rugged and undulating terrains with the exception of the deep gorges, steep precipice and narrow valleys carved out by the rivers of Umngot, Myntdu, Myntang, Mynriang, Mynkhen and a good number of small streams that drain out towards Brahmaputra in the north and to Bangladesh in the South.
Hill Ranges
The Hills ranges rise to the maximum altitude of 1350 mts above sea level. The lowest point in the area is situated at the bank of Umngot River at Dawki near the Indo Bangladesh border. The general topography of the area is an undulating often covered with grassy blanks of enormous size accordingly dotted with pine trees individually or in small groups. The ground is generally gentle sloping with slopes varying between 10 percent to beyond 100 percent also at some places. It is only on the southern parts of DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
the District where the river enters the flat plains that the found becomes comparatively steeper and precipitous. Based on the elevation, the land can be divided into three physiographic units (i) Intermediate plateau with gradient above 33 percent slope (ii) Lower plateau with gradient ranges from 15 to 33 percent slope (iii) Valley rolling, undulating almost flat gradient ranging from 1 to 15 percent slope. The overall drainage pattern varies from normal to excessive.
Soil The major type of classed under Red Loamy Soil. The soil has a varying reddish brown to Brown colour having a loamy texture. The depth of Soil is very shallow to deep generally varies between 10cm to 120cm, characteristically fine soil having loamy surface with moderate erosion hazard in the central and northern section. However, the South facing slope due to high rainfall and steep gradient the soil is subjected to severe erosion hazards and therefore is excessively leached DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 10. RAINFALL: MONTHWISE
The average rainfall data provided by DAO for the recent years was incomplete so the year 2016 AD is taken for consideration.
Month Average rainfall (in mm) January, 2016 0.26 February, 2016 0.2 March, 2016 5.21 April, 2016 18.33 May,2016 40.39 June,2016 49.47 July,2016 59.66 August, 2016 18.5 September, 2016 29.28 October, 2016 33.75 November2016 34.6 December, 2016 2.16
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 11. GEOLOGY AND MINERAL WEALTH:
GEOLOGY OF WEST JAINTIA HILLS DISTRICT
West Jaintia Hills district consists of different rock types starting from Proterozoic to Oligocene.The oldest in the area comprise of banded magnetite quartzite of Proterozoic age. The Meghalaya Gneissic Complex (MGC) of Proterozoic age consists of both classified and unclassified metamorphic rocks comprising of granite gneiss, migmatites, augen-gneiss, granite gneiss, granulitesandbanded gneiss withinclavesofschistosequartzite. This MGC is intruded by grey/pink granite/porphyritic granite (Mylliem/ Nongpoh Granite) of Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic age. TheMGC is unconformably overlain by Shillong Group of rocksof Paleo- Mesoproterozoic age. Shillong Group comprises of conglomerate, quartzite, quartz mica schist and phyllite. Khasi greenstones are represented by amphibolites/epidiorite. Mylliem Granitoid comprising of grey/pink granite/porphyritic granite, pegmatite, quartz vein of Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoicage occurs as intrusive. The basaltic dykes are apparently related to the Sylhet traps of Jurassic to Cretaceous age. The Cretaceous Tertiary rocks of Mahadek Formation of the Khasi Group commence with feldspathic sandstone, conglomerate and clay. The ultramafic rocks of Sung Alkaline Complex ofLate Cretaceous toPalaeoceneconsists of altered pyroxenite, amphibolites, basalt dykes and sills, serpentinite and anorthosite. TheTertiaryJaintia Groupisa sedimentary sequence of Palaeocene to Eocenege and is divided into Langpar and Shellac Formations. Langpar Formation is characterised by sandstone, limestone and calcareous shale while Shellac Formation consists of fossiliferous limestone, gritty/arkose sandstone, coal, fireclay and shale. Rengi Formation of Barail Group of Eocene to Oligocene age comprises of sandstone, carbonaceous shale with conglomerate and limestone.
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 MINERAL RESERVES/RESOURCES AND POTENTIAL OCCURRENCES
Coal is an important economic mineral deposit of the district. The coal seams are being exploited by the local people by rat hole mining. The coal bands are varying in thickness and are Sulphur bearing and at places contains pyrite nodules. Pyrite and chalcopyrite specks and disseminations have been recorded in the younger dykes. Clay is white, plastic in nature and can be used as white wash and making clay bricks. Silica sand occurs as impersistent lenses within friable quartzite of Shillong Group. Quartzites and granitoids are being used as building material and road metal.
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
West Jaintia Hills District Name of Mode of Minera GPS Occurenc Requirement/D ls Location District Coordinates e Uses emand West Occur as Used in cement,glass There is huge Jaintia 25°44'50.62" thick making industry,used to demand of Limesto Hills N 92° bands of neutralized acidity,as Limestone of ne Amlarem District 7'10.64"E deposits. building material, any grade in the manufacturing of state both in the iron,quicklime,slacked domestic 1 lime.Used in toothpaste requirements or paints, as a reagent in and outside the flue-gas state since the West Occur as desulphurization. Source state share an Jaintia 25°11'7.20" thick of Calcium in bread and international Limesto Syndai Hills N 92° bands of cereals.Also used in border with ne area District 8'23.46"E deposits. medicines and cosmetics Bangladesh.
West 25°28'36.70" Kaolin serve as a Jaintia N Occur as valuable component in Shangpun Hills 92°21'54.99" isolated China and other table Kaolin g District E outcrops wares, also has a variety - 2 mostly of other uses in products
West associated including rubber, cable, 25°32'24.07" Jaintia with clay insulation, speciality N 92° Thadlaske Hills films and fertilizer 8'15.98"E Kaolin in District West Clay is used for making Larnai(Su Jaintia 25°32'51.57" pottery, both utilitarian ng Hills N 92° and decorative and Clay Valley) District 9'32.20"E Occur as construction products 3 lithomargi such as bricks, wall and West c clay floor tiles. Suitable for Jaintia 25° forming ceramic and refractory Hills 8'48.73"N bedded purposes and for cement Clay Tongseng District 92°24'7.72"E deposits Industry Covering central Sandsto part of West Occur as 4 ne and west Jaintia 25°32'27.59" bedded Quartzit Jaintia Hills N 92° layered e hills District 7'56.60"E deposits - DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 district
Quartz is used as a West 25°34'46.11" Occur as gemstone and cultured Jaintia N veins quartz is widely used in Nartiang Hills 92°13'11.92" electronic applications. 5 Quartz area District E
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019
12. DISTRICT WISE DETAIL OF RIVER OR STREAM AND OTHER SAND SOURCES Drainage system with description of main rivers Sl Name of River Area drained % area drained in the No. (sq.km) District
1 Myntdu River 371.26 (approx) 22%
2 Myntang 316.29 (approx) 18% River 3 Mynriang 240.67 (approx) 14% River
Salient features of important rivers or streams: Sl Name of Total Place of origin Altitude No. river/stream length in at origin the (AMSL) district (km) 1 Myntdu 78.00 Mih-Myntdu 1325 m River (approx) village 2 Myntang 99.50 Ialong village 1340 m River (approx) 3 Mynriang 39.50 Ionglwit village 1190 m River (approx) 4 Umngot NA East Khasi Hills 1805m River District 5 Umkhen NA East Khasi Hills 1760m River District 6 Mynsar NA Raliang village 1330m stream 7 Mynrud NA Nartiang village 1240m stream 8 Umiurem NA Muthlong village 1340m stream 9 Amkshar NA Padu village 1070m stream
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 13. DISTRICT WISE AVAILABILITY OF SAND OR GRAVEL OR AGGREGATE RESOURCES :
Mineable Length of mineral Average Area Portion of river area Total potential(in width of area recommende or stream recomme quantity metric Sl River/ recommende d for mineral recommended nded for in tonne) No Stream d for mineral concession for mineral mineral metric (60% of concession(in (in square concession concessio tonne total meters) meter) n (in m) mineral potential)
527617 (1055235/2, Borghat to 1 Myntdu 6072 150 shared equally 1187138 712283 Kamsing between EJH & WJH)
Kamsing to 2 Myntdu International 6392 100 958458 2156530 1293918 border
Barato Raliang 18910.3 3 Myntang road bridge to 2.1 2100 35 84046 11346.21 5 km downstream
Meghalaya 4 Myntang Assam border to 13383 50 260504 58613.4 35168.04 13 kms upstream
39981.8 5 Mynriang Near Lapangap 8909 25 177697 23989.1 25
Near Mynriang 6 Mynriang bridge (Mynriang 3367 20 48060 10813.5 6488.1 Barato road)
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Mineral Potential:
Portion of river Total or stream Bajari Sand mineable River recommended Boulder (MT) Remarks (MT) (MT) mineral for mineral potential concession (MT)
Myntdu Borghat to Ocular Nil Nil 712283 712283 Kamsing Estimate Myntdu Kamsing to Ocular International Nil Nil 1293918 1293918 Estimate border Barato Raliang Ocular road bridge to Estimate Myntang 3403.863 4538.484 3403.863 11346.21 2.1 km downstream Meghalaya Ocular Assam border to Estimate Myntang 10550.412 14067.216 10550.412 35168.04 13 kms upstream Ocular Mynriang Near Lapangap 7196.73 9595.64 7196.73 23989.1 Estimate Near Mynriang Ocular bridge Estimate Mynriang 1946.43 2595.24 1946.43 6488.1 (Mynriang Barato road)
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IMPORTANT NOTE:
1) In the district of West Jaintia Hills only Myntdu River from Borghat Bridge (Amatra) to International boundary has continuous deposits. Estimation of sand deposit can be done only in this stretch. Here the deposition length is almost around 12kms. Here the river is the boundary between EJH and WJH from Borghat bridge to Prang river (Kamsing) so the total deposit is shared equally between the two districts as per the advice of Secretary, Department of Forests and Environment (in reality WJH side has more deposits). Rest of the stretch belongs to WJH alone. Even though the stretch has continuous deposit for almost 12 kms still it is very challenging for the following reasons: a) The region being very remote and road connectivity is only at the initial stretch (from Borghat bridge upto Passadwar). Rest of the deposition can be extracted only from the boat. b) The river being acidic due to coal mining, the local claims the sand is unfit for construction These are reflected by the fact that currently the sand extraction in this place is relatively less compared to its proportion of sand deposit.
2) Other stretches of sand deposits in the district are in small pockets. Majority of them are less than 500m in length. As per the advice of Secretary, Department of Forests and Environment, cluster of such small deposits are taken for identification. Four out of the six stretches mentioned in the above table is of that type - cluster of small deposits. Also isolated river sand deposits less than 200m stretch are not included in the calculation. The last four stretches in the table are cluster of small deposits spread out far away from one another. Less than 10% of the area identified is mineable (exact figure can only be calculated by accurate survey) therefore mineable mineral quantity is calculated for just 10% of total demarcated area.
3) During field visits it was found that there were no significant deposits (ocular) in the river of Mynirang and Myntang but places around Barato had several sand collection points. On inquiry it was found most of them serve the cement companies present in EJH. DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 Sand was collected from several places from the rivers of Mynriang and Myntang and piled up in such places. As observed by the survey team during field visit, sand extraction is done mostly from the river bed.
4) According to PHE department officials present during field survey there are no PHE infrastructure in any of the identified stretches. However, there was no one from PWD department during field survey so we couldn’t identify places around PWD infrastructure for exemption from sand mining.
5) Since the field visit is done in the month of August (high flood period), a follow up in the month of lean season has to be done to cross verify the depositions in the identified stretches.
6) As per the advice of Secretary, Department of Forests and Environment, first potential sand deposits were collected from secondary sources in the ground and later took the help of NESAC to identify deposits in and around these regions. NESAC used Google Earth for identification of deposits as COMSAT and LISS IV images were more than a decade old and the new one is available only on payment basis. The measuring tool of Google Earth Pro was used to measure the length, width and area of identified stretch in the above table.
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Places identified byNESAC
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Borghat to Kamsing
Kamsing to International boundary
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Barato Raliang road bridge to 2.1 km downstream
Meghalaya Assam border to 13 kms upstream
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 MYNRIANG RIVER
Near Lapangap
Mynriang Bridge (Mynriang Barato road)
DSR-1 of WJH, 2019 14. DISTRICT WISE DETAILS OF EXISTING MINING LEASE OF SAND AND AGGREGATES :
No Mining Lease has been granted for sand mining so far.