THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY IN THE SCENARIO

Multiclient Research COUNTRY REPORTS

September 08 – R2413.UK HOME FURNITURE

UPHOLSTERY

MATTRESSES

OFFICE

KITCHEN

APPLIANCES

LIGHTING

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SCENARIO

The furniture industry in the United Kingdom COUNTRY REPORTS

Report prepared by C. Pisa HOME FURNITURE Coordinated by A. Tracogna

UPHOLSTERY

MATTRESSES

OFFICE

KITCHEN

APPLIANCES

LIGHTING

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

CONTENTS

1. UNITED KINGDOM. FURNITURE INDUSTRY SUMMARY 1 2. FORESTRY RESOURCES, SEMI-FINISHED GOODS AND TECHNOLOGY 3 3. THE FURNITURE SECTOR: BASIC DATA 4 3.1. Furniture production 6 3.2. Furniture consumption 9 3.3. Furniture distribution channels 12 4. MAJOR FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS 14 5. INTERNATIONAL TRADE 49 5.1. Furniture exports 50 5.2. Furniture imports 53 6. IMPORT AND EXPORT TABLES 59

LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES

Table 1.1 United Kingdom. Economic indicators 1 Table 1.2 United Kingdom. Exchange rates 1 Table 1.3 United Kingdom. Real growth of furniture consumption: forecast 2 Table 1.4 United Kingdom. Main furniture trading partners 2 Table 2.1 United Kingdom. Production, exports, imports and consumption of the main semi-finished goods, 2000-2006. Thousands of cubic metres 3 Table 3.1 United Kingdom. The furniture sector: basic data, 2002-2007 4 Figure 3.1 United Kingdom. The openness of the furniture market, 2002-2007. Exports/production and imports/consumption ratios 5 Figure 3.2 United Kingdom. Furniture production, 2002-2007. Million Eur and annual percentage changes at current prices 6 Table 3.2 United Kingdom. Furniture production prices, 2002-2007. Annual percentage changes 7 Figure 3.3 United Kingdom. Furniture production by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown of value data 7 Table 3.3 United Kingdom. Furniture production by segment, 2002-2007. Million Eur 7 Figure 3.4 United Kingdom. Furniture consumption, 2002-2007. Million Eur and annual percentage changes at current prices 9 Figure 3.5 United Kingdom. Furniture consumption by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown of value data 10 Table 3.4 United Kingdom. Furniture consumption by segment, 2002-2007. Million Eur 10 Figure 3.6 United Kingdom. Home furniture sales by distribution channel, 2006. Percentage breakdown of value data 12 Table 4.1 United Kingdom. Major furniture manufacturers 14 Figure 5.1 United Kingdom. Furniture exports, imports and trade balance, 2002-2007. Million Eur 49 Figure 5.2 United Kingdom. Furniture exports, 2002-2007. Million Eur and annual percentage changes 50 Figure 5.3 United Kingdom. Furniture exports by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown in value 51 Figure 5.4 United Kingdom. Furniture exports by segment. Annual percentage changes at current prices 2007 on 2006 and average growth rates, 2002-2007 52 Figure 5.5 United Kingdom. Furniture imports, 2002-2007. Million current Eur and annual percentage changes 53 Figure 5.6 United Kingdom. Furniture imports by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown in value 54 Figure 5.7 United Kingdom. Furniture imports by segment. Annual percentage changes at current prices 2007 on 2006 and average growth rates, 2002-2007 55 Table 6.1 United Kingdom. Furniture exports by product, 2002-2007 60 Table 6.2 United Kingdom. Furniture imports by product, 2002-2007 60 Table 6.3 United Kingdom. Exports of furniture including parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 61

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Table 6.4 United Kingdom. Imports of furniture including parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 61 Table 6.5 United Kingdom. Exports of furniture including parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 62 Table 6.6 United Kingdom. Imports of furniture excluding parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 62 Table 6.7 United Kingdom. Exports of furniture parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 63 Table 6.8 United Kingdom. Imports of furniture parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 63 Table 6.9 United Kingdom. Exports of upholstered furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 64 Table 6.10 United Kingdom. Imports of upholstered furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 64 Table 6.11 United Kingdom. Exports of non-upholstered seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 65 Table 6.12 United Kingdom. Imports of non-upholstered seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 65 Table 6.13 United Kingdom. Exports of bedroom furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 66 Table 6.14 United Kingdom. Imports of bedroom furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 66 Table 6.15 United Kingdom. Exports of kitchen furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 67 Table 6.16 United Kingdom. Imports of kitchen furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 67 Table 6.17 United Kingdom. Exports of office furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 68 Table 6.18 United Kingdom. Imports of office furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 68 Table 6.19 United Kingdom. Exports of other furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 69 Table 6.20 United Kingdom. Imports of other furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 69 Table 6.21 United Kingdom. Exports of furniture parts excluding parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 70 Table 6.22 United Kingdom. Imports of furniture parts excluding parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 70 Table 6.23 United Kingdom. Exports of parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 71 Table 6.24 United Kingdom. Imports of parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 71

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

1. United Kingdom. Furniture industry summary

Furniture production. Million Eur Furniture consumption. Million Eur

15000 15000 13,380 12,739 12,490 12,885 12,384 11,726 12500 12500 8,157 8,287 10000 8,993 7,976 8,349 8,506 10000 7500 7500 5000 5000 2500 2500 0 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Furniture exports. Million Eur Furniture imports. Million Eur

15000 15000 12500 12500 10000 10000

7500 7500 5,444 5,406 5,757 6,071 4,532 4,748 5000 5000 2500 1,142 997 1,054 1,073 1,159 1,196 2500 0 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Table 1.1 United Kingdom. Economic indicators Unit of measurement Value Ranking* Population Million 60 16 Area Thousand square km 244 31 Total GNP Eur billion 1,930 5 Per capita GNP Eur 31,983 9 Total Household Consumption Expenditure Eur billion 1,144 4 Data at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Total GNP at PPP US$ billion 2,148 6 Per capita GNP at PPP US$ 35,580 9 * Ranking of United Kingdom among 60 countries, last available year

Table 1.2 United Kingdom. Exchange rates 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Rate GBP/US$ 0.67 0.61 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.50 Rate GBP/EUR 0.63 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.68 Source: US Federal Reserve

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Table 1.3 United Kingdom. Real growth of furniture consumption: forecast 2008 2009 1% 1%

Exports/production ratio Imports/consumption ratio

Exports / production Imports / consumption 100 100

80 80

60 60 42.7 43.3 44.7 45.4 36.6 40.5 40 40 12.7 12.5 12.6 13.2 14.0 14.1 20 20

0 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Table 1.4 United Kingdom. Main furniture trading partners Destination of furniture exports Origin of furniture imports Ireland 34.1% China 29.3% United States 12.1% Italy 15.1% France 8.6% Germany 9.8% Germany 6.1% Poland 4.6% Belgium 4.2% Vietnam 3.0% Netherlands 3.5% Malaysia 2.6% Spain 2.6% France 2.4% Italy 2.4% Denmark 2.4% United Arab Emirates 1.6% Indonesia 2.2% Japan 1.6% United States 2.1%

Breakdown of furniture exports by area Breakdown of furniture imports by area

2003 2005 2007 2003 2005 2007 100% 100%

80% 80%

60% 60%

40% 40%

20% 20%

0% 0% Americas Europe Asia and Middle Africa World Americas Europe Asia and Middle Africa World Pacific East Total Pacific East Total

Sources: CSIL, Eurostat, United Nations, World Bank and National Statistical Offices

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

2. Forestry resources, semi-finished goods and technology

Table 2.1 United Kingdom. Production, exports, imports and consumption of the main semi-finished goods, 2000- 2006. Thousands of cubic metres 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Sawnwood Production 2,630 2,728 2,705 2,742 2,772 2,770 2,895 Exports 195 214 300 356 371 358 365 Imports 7,963 7,920 8,201 8,714 8,653 8,223 7,748 Consumption 10,398 10,434 10,606 11,101 11,054 10,634 10,278 Wood-based panels Production 3,275 3,255 3,217 3,361 3,533 3,398 3,498 Exports 352 372 449 531 519 520 539 Imports 3,313 3,397 3,780 3,455 3,786 3,552 3,384 Consumption 6,236 6,280 6,548 6,285 6,800 6,429 6,344 Source: CSIL processing of FAO data

Forest and other woodland account for only one tenth of the land area; this percentage has doubled since the First World War as a result of forestation, much of which took place in , Wales and Northern . More than four fifths of the forest is available for wood supply; the remainder is not available for conservation and protection reasons. Over two thirds of the forest is classed as plantations, the remainder as semi-natural. There are virtually no remnants of forest undisturbed by man. Coniferous species make up three fifths of the growing stock volume, with Sitka spruce and Douglas fir (introduced), Norway spruce and Scots pine among the more important species, mostly growing in plantations and in young to middle age classes. Oak and beech are among the most common broadleaved species, but policies are in place to encourage a range of broadleaved species in planting for landscape and amenity reasons. Wood production is increasing, though remaining well below net increment because of the age class structure of stands. Public ownership has been declining as a result of privatisation, to around two fifths of the total. Most private forests are owned by individuals but some by investment groups and nature conservation associations.

About one-third of the forest area is managed by the state forest services, but most forests are privately owned, receiving financial assistance through government grants. About one third of the forest is in areas protected by various regimes, but very little of this is considered to be strictly protected forest area. Timber production is increasing, as the conifer forests established in the last 50 years reach commercial maturity. Forests are important sites for informal recreation, with around 350 million day trips to woodlands each year.

The United Kingdom is one of the largest markets for forest products in Europe. Most of the demand for pulp and sawnwood in the country is met by imports. The sawnwood and panel industry based on domestic raw material is expanding steadily, as more plantations reach harvestable age. In 2006 wood-based panels consumption, composed mainly (54%) by particle board panels, decreased slightly by 1.3% compared to 2005 and imports (composed mainly by plywood, 44%) decreased by 4.7%. The paper industry also utilises the large domestic supply of recovered paper. The per capita consumption of forest products is around the European average.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

3. The furniture sector: basic data

Table 3.1 United Kingdom. The furniture sector: basic data, 2002-2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Production Eur million 8,993 7,976 8,349 8,157 8,287 8,506 % of total EU-17 ª 12.3 11.3 11.5 11.2 10.9 10.7 Apparent consumption* Eur million 12,384 11,726 12,739 12,490 12,885 13,380 % of total EU-17 ª 16.8 16.1 16.7 15.9 15.7 15.5 Exports Eur million 1,142 997 1,054 1,073 1,159 1,196 % of total EU-17 ª 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.8 Imports Eur million 4,532 4,748 5,444 5,406 5,757 6,071 % of total EU-17 ª 16.3 16.4 17.4 16.4 16.4 16.0 Exports/production % 12.7 12.5 12.6 13.2 14.0 14.1 Imports/consumption % 36.6 40.5 42.7 43.3 44.7 45.4 Source: CSIL processing of official statistics and company data * Apparent consumption = Production – Exports + Imports EU-17 ª: Europe 17 countries includes the following Western European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK

Among the European (17) countries the United Kingdom is Europe’s third producer of furniture after Italy and Germany and the second largest furniture consumer behind Germany: it provides 11% of total European supply and 15.5% of total European furniture demand.

In 2007 the British furniture industry produced goods to the value of approximately Euro 8.5 bn, for the home and export markets, with an increase by 2.6% (+0.3% in real terms). Also furniture consumption (with a volume of approximately Euro 13.4 bn) and imports grew respectively by 3.8% and 5.5%, in line with the expansion of the UK economy, with annual GDP growth at +3.1% in 2007, after 2.8% in 2006. Growth was supported by private consumption (+3%), which showed signs of moderating in the final quarter of the year. Growth in gross disposable income rebounded in the final quarter, bolstered by wages and salaries and by property income received by households. This helped households to rebuild savings, with the saving ratio nonetheless falling to 2.9% for the whole year, compared to an already low 4.8% in 2006. Positive signals came from investments, which, after the strong increase in 2006 (+ 8%) recorded +5% growth in 2007. Total investment growth accelerated in the second half of the year, following subdued activity in the second quarter. The level of inflation increased by 2.8%. International trade witnessed a slowdown compared to the year before with exports and imports up by 6%. Financial market conditions were tense through the latter part of the year, during which credit conditions tightened and liquidity problems in the banking sector persisted.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Figure 3.1 United Kingdom. The openness of the furniture market, 2002-2007. Exports/production and imports/consumption ratios Exports/production Imports/consumption United Kingdom Total EU-17 ª United Kingdom Total EU-17 ª 100 100

80 80

60 60 37.3 37.6 38.0 39.2 44.7 45.4 38.0 37.6 40.5 42.7 43.3 36.6 40 40 42.0 42.5 43.9 37.8 39.6 41.1 14.0 14.1 20 12.7 12.5 12.6 13.2 20

0 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: CSIL processing EU-17 ª: Europe 17 countries includes the following Western European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK

The United Kingdom is not an export oriented country. Over the period 2002-2007 the exports/production ratio increased only by an average annual rate of 2.1%, and in 2007 it was second to last among the European (17) countries, before Ireland. In 2007, 86% of English furniture production was sold on the domestic market. Transportation costs are cited as the main reason for this lack of overseas activity, but tough competition from other European countries is also an important factor. The English imports/consumption ratio, over the period 2002-2007, grew by an average annual rate of 4.4%. In 2007 it was 45.4% (European average: 44%). The coverage rate (exports/imports ratio) was 48.1% in 1998, decreasing year by year until 2007 when it was 19.7%.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

3.1. Furniture production

Figure 3.2 United Kingdom. Furniture production, 2002-2007. Million Eur and annual percentage changes at current prices

million EUR

10000 8,993 8,506 7,976 8,349 8,157 8,287 8000

6000

4000

2000

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

7 % changes 4 4.7 0 2.6 1.6 -4 -3.0 -2.3 -7 -11 -14 -11.3 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: CSIL processing

The United Kingdom is Europe’s third producer of furniture after Italy and Germany: with a volume of production of Euro 8,506 million in 2007, provides 11% of total European supply. Between 1999 and 2004 furniture production in the UK remained relatively stable (+1% on average annually). After the decrease in 2005 and the light growth in 2006, in 2007 furniture production recorded increase by +2.6%, but the rise in prices led to stability in real terms (+0.3%), despite the expansion of the British economy. In the United Kingdom economic growth has continued for 14 years, strongly supported by the great structural reforms launched by the conservative government and the subsequent cautious economic policy of the three labour governments. After the slowdown over the course of 2005, and the recovery in 2006, in 2007 the main macroeconomic variables recorded good performances: GDP growth (+3.1%) was supported by private consumption (+3%), which showed, however, signs of moderating in the final quarter of the year. Positive signals came from investments, which, after the strong increase in 2006 (+ 8%) recorded +5% growth in 2007 and good performances in both the residential (+3.8%) and the non-residential (+6.2%) segments. Total investment growth accelerated in the second half of the year, following subdued activity in the second quarter. In 2007, 86% of UK furniture production was sold on the domestic market, which witnessed a +1.5% increase in real terms.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Table 3.2 United Kingdom. Furniture production prices, 2002-2007. Annual percentage changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Furniture prices 0.2 3.4 2.5 0.0 0.5 2.4 Source: CSIL processing

Production by segment

Figure 3.3 United Kingdom. Furniture production by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown of value data

2002 2007 35 30 27 28

25 22 19 20 16 13 14 13 15 11 12 10 6 6 6 4 5 1 1 0 Office furniture Upholstered Kitchen Bedroom Dining and Non- Other furniture Furniture parts furniture furniture furniture living room upholstered and seating furniture seats parts

Source: CSIL processing

Table 3.3 United Kingdom. Furniture production by segment, 2002-2007. Million Eur 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total furniture 8,993 7,976 8,349 8,157 8,287 8,506 Of which: Office furniture 1,020 947 986 963 991 1,035 Upholstered furniture 2,433 2,185 2,292 2,160 2,202 2,397 Kitchen furniture 1,730 1,660 1,860 1,784 1,803 1,832 Bedroom furniture 1,198 1,095 1,143 1,138 1,165 1,164 Dining and living room furniture 579 470 521 515 524 525 Non-upholstered seats 114 67 93 82 89 89 Other furniture 1,416 1,174 1,118 1,186 1,169 1,145 Total furniture excluding parts 8,491 7,598 8,013 7,829 7,942 8,186 Furniture parts and seating parts 503 377 336 328 346 320 Source: CSIL processing

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

The most important segment of the British furniture industry is the upholstered furniture segment which represents 28% of total furniture. The United Kingdom is the third producer of upholstered furniture in Europe (20% on total European supply) and also the top market in terms of consumption. After the 6.7% decrease in real terms in 2005 and the stagnation in 2006 (+0.9%, in real terms), upholstery production registered a very positive growth (+8.7% at constant prices). Export activity on the other hand decreased by 14% in nominal terms in 2007.

The second most important segment is kitchen furniture. The United Kingdom is the third producer of kitchen furniture in Europe (after Germany and Italy), with a share of about 13% on total European supply. With total production worth Euro 1,832 million, the kitchen furniture segment accounted for 22% of British production of furniture in 2007. Considering growth at current prices, compared to 2006 there was growth in the region of +1.6%. The UK market is characterized by a small number of large players and many local and regional companies. Distribution is dominated by construction firms. Most of supply comprises low and middle price kitchens. The upper segment accounts for about 2% in volume. Fitted kitchens claim 52% and flat pack kitchens 48%.

The United Kingdom is the third producer of office furniture in Europe, with 10.8% share on total European supply. In 2007 the total value of supply in the sector increased by 1.9% at constant prices to reach a value of Euro 1,035 million. Despite the healthy economic situation domestic production does not show strong growth because of a weak domestic demand (+0.4% in real terms).

The United Kingdom is also the third producer of bedroom furniture in Europe, with 13% share on total European supply. In 2007 the total value of supply in the sector stagnated (-0.1% at current prices) to reach a value of Euro 1,164 million, despite growth of 3.8% in domestic consumption.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

3.2. Furniture consumption

Figure 3.4 United Kingdom. Furniture consumption, 2002-2007. Million Eur and annual percentage changes at current prices

million EUR 20000

15000 13,380 12,384 12,739 12,490 12,885 11,726

10000

5000

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

% changes 15 12 9 6 8.6 3 4.9 0 3.2 3.8 -3 -6 -2.0 -9 -5.3 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: CSIL processing Apparent consumption = production + imports – exports. Furniture consumption is at production prices.

Among the European (17) countries the United Kingdom is the second largest furniture consumer (behind Germany): with a volume of consumption (at production prices) of Euro 13,380 million in 2007, claims a 15.5% share of total European furniture demand. Between 1998-2004 furniture consumption in the United Kingdom increased by 5.9% on average annually, supported by increased levels of consumer spending and a very dynamic housing market and in 2007 it continued to grow by 1.5% in real terms, after the drop in 2005. This positive result was influenced by the performance of private consumption (+3%), which showed, however, signs of moderating in the final quarter of the year. The slowing down of private consumption was driven by more restrictive borrowing conditions and by the weakening of the housing market (due to the turmoil in financial markets of last summer), which began to dampen consumer confidence.

In the UK between 2002 and 2007 expenditure for home furniture increased by an average annual rate of almost 2%.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Per capita household furniture consumption in 2007 was Euro 177, slightly higher than the average for Europe 17 (Euro 152). In the United Kingdom there are about 26 million households. They spend annually approximately Euro 414 in furniture (European average: Euro 354).

Consumption by segment

Figure 3.5 United Kingdom. Furniture consumption by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown of value data

2002 2007 35 29 30 27

25 18 20 16 17 18 14 15 13 11 10 10 9 10 4 4 5

0 Office furniture Upholstered Kitchen furniture Bedroom furniture Dining and living Non-upholstered Other furniture furniture room furniture seats

Source: CSIL processing

Table 3.4 United Kingdom. Furniture consumption by segment, 2002-2007. Million Eur 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total furniture excluding parts 10,947 10,428 11,442 11,160 11,485 11,976 Of which: Office furniture 1,154 1,091 1,135 1,127 1,192 1,226 Upholstered furniture 2,993 2,908 3,247 3,160 3,272 3,431 Kitchen furniture 1,788 1,734 1,940 1,849 1,890 1,985 Bedroom furniture 1,476 1,437 1,569 1,545 1,610 1,672 Dining and living room furniture 1,080 971 1,064 991 1,033 1,080 Non-upholstered seats 465 430 509 453 469 482 Other furniture 1,991 1,857 1,976 2,035 2,019 2,099 Source: CSIL processing

The most important segment of the British furniture market is the upholstered furniture segment which represents 29% of the British furniture market. The United Kingdom is the top consumer of upholstered furniture in Europe (24.6% on total European market). Between 1998-2004 upholstered furniture consumption in the United Kingdom increased by 8.3% on

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

average annually in nominal terms, supported by increased levels of consumer spending and a very dynamic housing market, while in 2005 it fell by 3.6% in real terms. 2006 consumption returned to a positive growth and increased in 2007 by 4.7% in real terms. In 2007, after an important double-digit growth period over the last 10 years upholstery imports registered drop of 4.2%.

The United Kingdom is the third largest market of kitchen furniture in Europe (behind Germany and Italy), with 15% share on total European market. After a positive trend over the 1998-2004 period (the average annual change in kitchen furniture consumption was +6.6%), in 2007 the market continued to increase in nominal terms (+5%), in line with the positive trend of private consumption and of investments in the residential segment. Demand for kitchens was influenced by the increase in the refurbishment segment, especially in the first part of 2007. The latter part of the year showed signs of stagnation that still continue in 2008.

The United Kingdom is the second Europe’s consumer of office furniture: with a volume of consumption of Euro 1,226 million in 2007 covers 13% of total European office market. Following the negative trend over the 1999-2005 period (the average annual change in office furniture consumption was –3.3%), in 2006 the office furniture consumption recorded a positive performance (+4.2% in real terms). In 2007, instead, a strong increase in list prices (+2.5% compared to 0.6% of the previous year) led to stagnation of office furniture consumption (+0.3% in real terms). As a result, imports decreased by 1.5%.

The United Kingdom is also the second Europe’s consumer of bedroom furniture: with a volume of consumption of Euro 1,672 million in 2007 covers 18% of total European bedroom furniture market. Between 1998-2004 bedroom furniture consumption in the United Kingdom increased by 8.2% on average annually in nominal terms, supported by increased levels of consumer spending and a very dynamic housing market, while in 2005 it fell by 1.6% in nominal terms. 2006 consumption returned to a positive growth (+4.2% at current prices) and increased in 2007 by 3.8%.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

3.3. Furniture distribution channels

As in many European countries, the distribution market in the United Kingdom is becoming increasingly homogeneous. Distribution of furniture is increasingly driven by the large scale outlets, which are controlling increasing proportions of the market. These include both specialized furniture distributors than non-specialists.

In 2006 the large scale furniture distribution channel accounted for 67% of UK consumption of home furniture (31% through the independent furniture chains and 9% through Buying Groups). Approximately 27% of furniture sales are made by small scale retailers.

The leading specialist furniture distributors are MFI, IKEA and DFS. The Swedish company IKEA recorded the fastest growth, especially in the second half of the nineties, followed by DFS, a specialist upholstery manufacturer and distributor. MFI experienced a difficult period but managed to maintain its dominant position on the kitchen and bedroom markets, concentrating on those segments where it has traditionally been strongest.

Over the years the small scale retailers are finding it increasingly difficult to remain in the market. There are several problems, one of these is the expansion of non-specialists into the furniture sector: supermarkets (for example Asda and Tesco), discounters and DIY. Moreover margins have come under pressure, forcing many to join buying groups in a bid to overcome their lack of scale. Also mergers and acquisitions have become more frequent, and this phenomenon does not only affect independent distributors, but also the furniture chains. For example in February 2006 kitchen specialist Hygena was sold by MFI to Nobia.

Figure 3.6 United Kingdom. Home furniture sales by distribution channel, 2006. Percentage breakdown of value data

Small scale indep. retailers Buying Groups & 27% Franchising Others 9% 2%

DIY 4%

Mail order 5% Indep. furniture chains Department Stores, 31% Multistores 22%

Source: CSIL, Furniture distribution in Europe, November 2007

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

It should be noted that in the UK market, unlike the other markets, the non-specialist channel is gaining strength and today accounts for 31% of furniture sales. The leading distributor of furniture is the Home Retail Group, which includes the department store Argos and the DIY store Homebase.

In 2006 the DIY channel continued to record good sales performances, despite having to combat the rise of the Hypermarkets and the Department Stores. The DIY channel has always included kitchen furniture and selections of kit and garden furniture. In recent years it has strengthened its presence in the home furniture sector through other product types. Nowadays DIY operators are taking action on four fronts: pricing strategies, advertising (they engage in more selective, targeted promotional campaigns), intensified development and investments in new formats.

The online sales channel showed growth in 2006 and accounted for almost 5% of purchases of furniture in the UK. This increase can be attributed to the trend on the part of distributors that operate through bricks and mortar stores to also sell online. Recently not only the multi-product and multi-channel distributors (like for example Argos), but also some specialists, like IKEA, have chosen to sell their furniture in the UK via the Internet.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

4. Major furniture manufacturers

Table 4.1 United Kingdom. Major furniture manufacturers Total Company Group Product Employees Turnover (Eur million) RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen, Household Galiform Plc 6395 1425.8 Appliances Magnet Nobia RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen 1799 527.4 DFS Furniture DFS Furniture Upholstery 2200 211.3 RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom, Symphony Group plc 1100 201.6 Occasional Havelock Europa Group Contract furniture, Office, Educational, Other 917 182.5 RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen, Bathroom, Home Moores Furniture Group Ltd Masco 1038 163.0 Office Herman Miller Ltd Herman Miller Contract furniture, Office 296 139.2 Gower Furniture Ltd Nobia RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen, Bedroom 550 131.8 Senator International Ltd Office 800 128.5 Sofa Brands International Sofa Brands Int. Upholstery 1349 126.0 FC Brown (Steel Equipment) Office 899 117.0 Ltd - Bisley RTA - DIY furniture, Contract furniture, Office, The Morris Furniture Group Morris Furniture 1200 102.0 Dining-living room, Bedroom Smallbone PLC Smallbone Kitchen, Bathroom, Dining-living room, Bedroom 585 81.8 Buoyant Upholstery Ltd Wade Furniture Group Upholstery 400 73.1 Airsprung Furniture Group Airsprung Furniture Upholstery, Bedroom, Mattresses 609 72.9 Plc DAMS International Ltd Contract furniture, Office, Occasional 544 69.4 JDP Furniture Group JDP Furniture Group Upholstery, Dining-living room 656 67.0 BGH Bernstein RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen 463 64.0 J&J Ormerod plc Kitchen, Bedroom 250 61.5 Alstons Upholstery Ltd Alstons Upholstery, Bedroom 400 54.3 Tetrad Plc Tetrad Plc Contract furniture, Upholstery, Bedroom 500 52.6 Triumph - TBS (South Wales) Contract furniture, Office 400 37.6 TBS (South Wales) Ltd Ltd Regency Group Ltd Kitchen 282 37.4 Orange Box Ltd Office, Upholstery, Tables-chairs 185 36.5 Ballingslöv Paula Rosa Kitchen 160 35.4 International Sherborne Upholstery Ltd Contract furniture, Upholstery 300 32.9 Gloster Furniture Ltd RTA - DIY furniture, Garden, Outdoor 25 30.0 Elite Office Furniture Ltd Contract furniture, Office 100 29.3 Gresham Office Furniture Office 350 29.2 Boss Design Ltd Contract furniture, Office, Upholstery, Occasional 125 29.0 EFG Matthews Office EFG European Contract furniture, Office, Tables-chairs n.a. 27.0 Furniture Ltd Furniture Group AB Continues >>>

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Total Company Group Product Employees Turnover (Eur million) J.T. Ellis & Co. Ltd Contract furniture, Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom 320 25.0 Black Arrow Group plc Black Arrow Group Office 191 24.6 Collins & Hayes Ltd Contract furniture, Upholstery 300 20.5 Contract furniture, Upholstery, Dining-living room, Ercol Furniture Ltd 194 18.2 Tables-chairs, Occasional Connection Contract furniture, Office, Upholstery 55 14.6 Barlow Tyrie Garden, Outdoor n.a. n.a. Dining-living room, Bedroom, Tables-chairs, Quitmann Furniture n.a. n.a. Occasional S&C Group Ltd. Dining-living room, Tables-chairs, Occasional n.a. n.a. Steinhoff UK Steinhoff Group Upholstery n.a. n.a.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Airsprung United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1225 754411 Airsprung Furniture Group Plc Fax +44 1225 777423 Canal Road www.airsprung-furniture.co.uk ; www.airsprungbeds.co.uk Trowbridge, Wiltshire BA14 8RQ e-mail: [email protected] ; United Kingdom [email protected]

CONTROLLED COMPANIES, SUBSIDIARIES, OTHER RELATED COMPANIES Airsprung Furniture, Cavendish Upholstery Ltd, Gainsborough Ltd, The Windsor Bed

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Upholstery, Bedroom

OTHER PRODUCTION Mattresses

STOCK EXCHANGE London STOCK SYMBOL APG

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Airsprung Furniture

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1871 EMPLOYEES 609 TURNOVER EUR 72.9 million

History

Airsprung Furniture Group Plc, based in Trowbridge, United Kingdom, is a manufacturing company. The company was established in 1871.

Airsprung Furniture Group is listed on the Stock Exchange of London (trading symbol: APG).

In October 2003 Airsprung sold its company Sprung Slumber (pocket sprung and open coil beds, mattresses, adjustable and electric beds) and its Enchanted House division (manufacturer of hand cast forged iron bed steads and head boards in Victorian design) to Steinhoff UK, part of Steinhoff International. Airsprung sold the company in order to be able to concentrate more on its core beds making plant in Townbridge. In 2004 Airsprung closed the Bymacks (another upholstery brand) operation in Gloucestershire due to strong competition from low priced upholstery imports principally from Eastern Europe, Italy and the Far East. In 2006 Airsprung sold its loss-making Peter Guild subsidiary. Peter Guild brand was specialized in upper end upholstery.

Financial Highlights

In 2007 Airsprung Furniture Group recorded a total turnover of Euro 72.9 million, an increase of 10% over last year (in local currency).

Manufacturing process

Excluding the discontinued Peter Guild business, in 2006, Airsprung Furniture Group had an average number of employees of 609 compared with 698 for the previous year.

Over recent years, in-house manufacture has been supplemented by a significant import programme using supply partners in Central Europe, Southern Europe and the Far East. This brand and product strategy is intended to enable the Group to supply beds, mattresses and upholstery into all market sectors.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

The Airsprung Group has currently three divisions including the Upholstery Division, the Beds Division, the Fillings Division (Airofreem, supplying combustion modified foam to operating companies within the Group as well as external customers in a variety of fields) and the Group’s in-house product, graphic and exhibition design company (Arena Design Associates). The Groups subsidiaries are located throughout the UK in Wiltshire, Bedfordshire, Lancashire.

Upholstery Division: Cavendish Upholstery operates in the mid and upper markets of the upholstered furniture market, using both fabric and leather coverings. The company is based in Chorley and in 2006 recovered from a difficult start as it absorbed the run-down costs of the discontinued Bymacks operation but finished the year with profits comfortably ahead, due to the success of its product introductions and greater focus on outsourcing and cost control.

The Gainsborough brands, including The Windsor Bed Company supply mainly to chain stores and independent retailers. A particular success was Gainsborough’s winning of significant new listings of sofa beds through a major national department store group.

Beds division: the beds division is specialized in the manufacturing of beds, divans, mattresses, sofa beds, wooden and iron bed steads. Airsprung Beds is the largest subsidiary offering the widest choice of beds produced by one manufacturer (750,000 beds each year). Airsprung Beds supplies the market for value-for-money bed frames, mattresses, divans and some complementary furniture. This division now out-sources most of its materials and components from external suppliers, and the Trowbridge factory operates as a just-in-time assembly plant. Airsprung Beds, mainly supplying mass-market retailers accounts for about 80% of the mattress and bed activity.

The other bed business includes the Windsor Bed Company (luxury pocket sprung beds), which operates as part of the Gainsborough business (sofa beds) is at the upper end. The Division offers a collection of electrically adjustable beds and contemporary leather beds as well as a range of pine beds supported by high quality pine bedroom cabinet.

The Hush Sleep Collection operates in the middle market bed sector. It is just been absorbed by Airsprung Beds.

Products

In 2006 the Group’s businesses consisted of approximately 80% mattresses, beds and sofa beds, and 20% upholstered furniture, foam products and marketing services.

In 2005 the Group launched a new bed and bedroom accessory business: the Hush Sleep Collection. This is aimed at independent retailers operating in the mid market sector.

Hush started trading in mid 2005 and produces mattresses and divans whilst enhancing these products by adding a select range of co-ordinated bedroom accessories. The business operates from the main Airsprung site at Trowbridge.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Alstons United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1206 765343 Alstons Upholstery Ltd Fax +44 1206 763401 Gosbecks Road www.alstons.co.uk Colchester, Essex CO2 9JU e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

CONTROLLED COMPANIES, SUBSIDIARIES, OTHER RELATED COMPANIES Alstons Cabinets

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 52% Upholstery; Bedroom

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Alstons

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 400 TURNOVER EUR 54.3 million

CERTIFICATION ISO 9001

OTHER INFO Alstons is a privately family owned bedroom and upholstery company. Alstons Furniture includes Alstons Cabinets and Alstons Upholstery. Today the company is a leading manufacturer of bedroom furniture in the UK. Bedroom furniture is manufactured in Ipswich, Suffolk. The site occupies two hectares and employs around 200 people. In terms of upholstery the company manufactures 100% fabric covered sofas, sofa beds (40% of production) and armchairs for the home use. The motion segment accounts for about 15% of total production. Upholstery production accounts for over half of the company’s production. Alstons counts a total of 400 employees of which 180 in upholstery production.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Barlow Tyrie United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1376 557600 Barlow Tyrie Fax +44 870 4601100 Braintree www.teak.com Essex CM7 2RN e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Garden, outdoor

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1920 EMPLOYEES n.a. TURNOVER EUR n.a.

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 2 SQM 26,000 LOCATION UK, Indonesia

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS The Barlow Tyre Inc USA has permanent showrooms in Chicago and at High Point, North Carolina. The company products are distributed in exclusive furniture stores or specialised stores.

History

Barlow Tyrie was established in 1920 in London, England and is still a family business. In 1967 in order to increase production levels the company relocated to a new factory at Braintree, outside of London. The company quickly gained a reputation for its outdoor furniture, made almost entirely by hand and to the highest standards. Growing demand for the company's products has resulted in the steady expansion of this factory, which today occupies 8,000 square metres.

In 1986 the company formed its subsidiary Barlow Tyrie Inc. in New Jersey, USA, to service the large casual furniture market in North America. In 1992 the company formed its subsidiary P.T. Barlow Tyrie Indonesia.

Manufacturing process

The subsidiary P.T. Barlow Tyrie, founded in 1992 in Indonesia, was a response to a ban, at that time, on the export of sawn timber by the Indonesian government. Barlow Tyrie could ensure, thanks to the set up of the subsidiary, a continuing source of teak from the environmentally sound plantations on the island of Java. The factory in Indonesia covers 18,000 square metres and processes teak logs, kilns sawn timber and manufactures components and products which are distributed to retail outlets and trade customers worldwide.

Products

Barlow Tyrie manufacture its own extensive range of teak outdoor garden furniture that includes chairs and tables, steamers, benches and swing seats, as well as other items in teak using synthetic material. Further the company manufactures an extensive range of furniture in both stainless steel and aluminium. The company supplies a range of outdoor garden parasols and cushions to complement its ranges of outdoor garden furniture.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

BGH Bernstein United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1942 840840 BGH - Bernstein Group Holdings Ltd Fax +44 1942 844222 Silburn House, Great Bank Road www.bgh.co.uk Westhoughton, Bolton, Lancashire BL5 3XU e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1938 EMPLOYEES 463 TURNOVER EUR 64 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 1 SQM n.a. LOCATION North of England

CERTIFICATION ISO 9001:2000

OUTPUT The firm has a manufacturing capacity for 28,000 fascias, 8,000 worktops and 50,000 cabinets per week.

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS The firm supplies retailers, builders' merchants and home builders. In addition, it operates more than 30 Kitchen Studio stores.

OTHER INFO Bernstein Group Holdings (formerly Bernstein Group plc and now known as BGH) is one of the leading UK kitchen furniture and kitchen systems manufacturer. The Bernstein Group was originally acquired out of insolvency by Bill Gleave in 2004 after its major customer re- sourced its kitchen requirements. Since then, the company has successfully widened its sales channels to avoid any future issues with either customer or sector. In February 2007 Endless, an independent private equity house, acquired a majority stake in the Bernstein Group following a Company Voluntary Arrangement. Bill Gleave, Executive Chairman, also made a substantial personal investment alongside Endless. The restructured business has now a strong balance sheet and is no longer subject to the high gearing levels that historically constrained it.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Black Arrow United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 20 85727474 Black Arrow Group plc Fax +44 20 85385992 748 London Road www.logic-office.co.uk Hounslow, Middlesex TW3 1PD e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

BRANDS, TRADEMARKS Logic Office

ACTIVITY Manufacturer, Trade

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 96% Office

STOCK EXCHANGE STOCK SYMBOL BLKA

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Black Arrow Group

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 191 TURNOVER EUR 24.6 million

OTHER INFO In July 2005 Black Arrow Group Plc acquired Paragon Business Concepts Ltd bringing to a close an important operation of concentration in terms of market share. Black Arrow is present in the UK with the Logic Office brand and is already well-positioned in the private segment; it now reinforces its position in the public sector where Paragon has been the leader for many years. Office furniture accounts for 96% of turnover, the rest is attributable to leasing and financial activities. Company strategy continues along the route to expanding the range of products offered, also through the recent acquisition of Staverton, a firm specialising in the contract and design segments, with a production plant in Devon. Stiff competitive pressure and the increase in production costs have led to the planned closure of the Staverton plant in Devon (2008-2009) and in its place sourcing activities will be increased through supply contracts with firms in Eastern Europe.

Boss Design Ltd United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1384 455570 Boss Design Ltd Fax +44 1384 241628 Boss Drive Off New Road www.boss-design.co.uk Dudley, West Midlands DY2 8SZ e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Office, Upholstery, Occasional

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1983 EMPLOYEES 125 TURNOVER EUR 29 million

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 4.4 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 15

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Buoyant United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Buoyant Upholstery Ltd Tel. +44 1282 691631 Hallam Road Fax +44 1282 694706 Nelson, Lancashire BB9 8AJ www.buoyant-upholstery.co.uk United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Upholstery

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Wade furniture Group

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1909 EMPLOYEES 400 TURNOVER EUR 73.1 million

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 1.6 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 2.2

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS In 2000 the Wade Furniture Group split up and sold its consumer division to the JDP Furniture Group. The Wade Furniture Group kept the companies Buoyant, Elson and Robbins Wade Springs and Multiyork. Buoyant manufactures 10% leather and 90% fabric covered upholstery primarily in traditional style for the UK and Ireland.

Collins & Hayes United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Collins & Hayes Ltd Tel. +44 1424 720027 Menzies Road Fax +44 1424 720270 Ponswood, St. Leonards on Sea www.collinsandhayes.co.uk East Sussex TN38 9XF e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Upholstery

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1916 EMPLOYEES 300 TURNOVER EUR 20.5 million

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 1.8 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 9

OTHER INFO Collins & Hayes was originally founded in 1916 as a cabinet making and upholstering business in East London, today the company is based in Hastings. Collins & Hayes Group plc is a specialist manufacturer and supplier of quality upholstered furniture and fabrics for the premium household furnishings market. Collins & Hayes and its subsidiary Pindrow were sold by the Aquarius Group plc to Collins & Hayes Holdings Ltd in 2001. Product range includes sofas, chairs and sofa beds, in fabrics (15%) and leather (85%). The company supplies customers in the UK such as Harrods, Selfridges, House of Fraser, Heals, Sofa Workshop, Furniture Village and also most countries in Europe.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Connection United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Connection Tel. +44 1484 600100 Dogley Mills, Penistone Road, Fenay Bridge www.connection.uk.com Huddersfield HD8 0NQ e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 40% Office; Contract furniture, Upholstery

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 55 TURNOVER EUR 14.6 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 1 SQM n.a. LOCATION Yorkshire

DAMS United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS DAMS International Ltd Tel. +44 151 5487111 Gores Road, Knowsley Industrial Park North Fax +44 151 5486369 Liverpool www.dams.com Merseyside L33 7XS e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Office, Occasional, RTA furniture

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1967 EMPLOYEES 544 TURNOVER EUR 69.4 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 1 SQM n.a. LOCATION Kirkby, Merseyside

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 6.5 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 9.3

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Its distribution network includes specialist dealers that provide 57% of sales, chains distributing office that account for 19%, and mail order and e-commerce which provide 18%.

OTHER INFO Dams is in a leading position on the British office furniture market; with a quota of more than 5%. It is one of the top five operators in the United Kingdom. One of the firm’s main strengths is its huge logistic potential; it has one of the largest warehouses in Europe, and carries a large volume of stock which makes it decidedly more competitive in terms of delivery times than its competitors (7-10 working days). Dams International makes over 60% of turnover through sales of RTA furniture.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

DFS Furniture United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1302 330365 DFS Furniture Fax +44 1302 330880 Bentley Moor Lane Adwick-Le-Street www.dfsonline.co.uk , South Yorkshire DN6 7BD e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

BRANDS, TRADEMARKS Lincoln House, Medallion, Quantum

ACTIVITY Manufacturer, Trade

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Upholstery

THE COMPANY IS PART OF DFS Furniture

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 2,200 TURNOVER EUR 211.3 million

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS 80 DFS upholstery specialty markets, e-commerce.

OTHER INFO DFS Furniture is one of the principal distributors of furniture in the United Kingdom (a direct competitor of MFI and IKEA). DFS has further its own upholstery production under the brand names Lincoln House, Medallion and Quantum. DFS Furniture manufactures classical and modern upholstered furniture in leather and fabric and in all price ranges. In 2004 DFS was delisted and taken private.

EFG Matthews Office United Kingdom Furniture Ltd HEADQUARTERS EFG Matthews Office Furniture Ltd Tel. +44 1925 715300 Building 3, Clearwater Fax +44 1925 715301 Lingley Mere Business Park www.efgmatthews.co.uk Great Sankey, Warrington WA5 3UZ e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Office, Tables and chairs

THE COMPANY IS PART OF EFG European Furniture Group AB (turnover: Euro 164 million, more details in the Swedish section of the report)

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES n.a. TURNOVER EUR 27 million

OTHER INFO EFG has been operating on the UK market since it acquired Matthews Office Furniture Ltd in 1999. In 2007 the British market accounted for about 17% of company sales bringing in a turnover of Euro 27 million. Its British base is in St. Helens, Merseyside, and it also has four distribution centres and showrooms the United Kingdom.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Elite Office Furniture United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1405 746000 Elite Office Furniture Ltd Fax +44 1405 746006 Britannia Way www.elite-furniture.co.uk Goole, East Yorkshire DN14 6ES e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Office; Contract furniture

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1986 EMPLOYEES 100 TURNOVER EUR 29.3 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 2 SQM 18,580 LOCATION Goole, Yorkshire

CERTIFICATION ISO 9001; ISO 14001

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Elite advantage is based on a national network of distributors.

Ercol Furniture Ltd United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Ercol Furniture Ltd Tel. +44 1844 271800 Summerleys Road Fax +44 1844 271888 Princes Risborough www.ercol.com Buckinghamshire HP27 9PX e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Upholstery, Dining-living room, Tables and chairs, Occasional

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1920 EMPLOYEES 194 TURNOVER EUR 18.2 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 1 SQM 14,864 LOCATION Princes Risborough

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 0.2 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 0.9

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS The furniture is sold through retailers throughout the UK and Eire.

OTHER INFO Ercol was founded in 1920 in High Wycombe, which was then the heartland of the British furniture making industry. The company is a private family-owned business. Ercol's factory, opened in 2002, is situated in the heart of the Chiltern's furniture-making area. Its showroom is located at Princes Risborough in Buckinghamshire. Ercol manufactures furniture made from elm, ash, beech, oak or walnut, with a variety of finishes, and in a range of styles, from the traditional to the contemporary. Products include an extensive range of dining tables and chairs, cabinets, occasional pieces, bedroom and upholstery. The company manufactures besides upholstery also dining room and bedroom furniture. Upholstery is primarily made with fabrics and wood.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

FC Brown Bisley Office United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS FC Brown (Steel Equipment) Ltd - Bisley Tel. +44 1483 485600 19 Queens Road Fax +44 1483 489962 Bisley, Woking www.bisley.com Surrey GU24 9BJ e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Office

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 899 TURNOVER EUR 117 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 2 SQM 64,000 LOCATION Bisley and Newport

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 31.6 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 27

DESTINATION Germany, France, Ireland and the Netherlands

OTHER INFOS Brown Bisley is the leading European producer of metal storage systems for the office. This type of product accounts for around 85% of company turnover; the rest is desking and operative furnishing systems. Exports account for 27% of turnover and are destined mainly for Germany, France, Ireland and the Netherlands where the firm has commercial offices; it also has its own showroom in London.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Galiform United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Galiform Plc Tel. +44 20 75351110 International House, 66 Chiltern street www.galiform.com London W1U 4JT United Kingdom

CONTROLLED COMPANIES, SUBSIDIARIES, OTHER RELATED COMPANIES MFI Retail, Howden Joinery, Howden Kitchens

ACTIVITY Manufacturer, Trade

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen, Household Appliances

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 2006 EMPLOYEES 6,395 TURNOVER EUR 1,425.8 million

History

Galiform Plc, based in London, United Kingdom, is a manufacturing and trading company.

The company was established in 2006 when MFI Furniture Group Plc sold its retail business and subsequently changed its name. MFI Retail was sold to private equity firm Merchant Equity Partners, one of the Europe’s leading private equity firm focused on the acquisition and operational turnaround of underperforming businesses in the retail and consumer sectors.

Financial Highlights

In 2007 Galiform recorded a total turnover of Euro 1,425.8 million (+32.6% on 2006).

Manufacturing process

The company employed 6,395 people in 2007.

The core competence of the Group is in manufacturing and selling kitchens in the UK. Over the years and in particular the last decade, the UK market for kitchens has become significantly more sophisticated and the ‘Done for You’ (‘DFY’), in which customers expect products to be designed, delivered and installed for them, has become increasingly important.

In response to this trend, the group developed the highly successful Howden Joinery, which is the core business of Galiform. In addition, the group has a supply business, White Space, renamed Howden Kitchens since January 2007, that manufactures and sources products for sale by Howden’s. Howden’s principally serves small builders, whose own customers represent a significant proportion of the ‘done for you’ market for new kitchens. Since its foundation in 1995, Howden’s has developed a business with more than 435 depots, supplying around 40 kitchen ranges, associated kitchen products and joinery products to a core customer base which numbers over 180,000 customer accounts. The Company has opened around 54 depots in 2007. In addition, 2 existing depots were relocated and 5 were extended.

The Group’s manufacture and supply business, Howden Kitchens, has established itself as, and will continue to be, an effective manufacturing and sourcing operation, with strong supplier relationships. As part of the transitional arrangements following the disposal of Hygena Cuisines and MFI in 2006, Howden Kitchens has also sourced products for these businesses in 2007. Its core manufacturing competence relates to rigid kitchen cabinets and worktops, which form the bedrock of the products sold by Howden’s. The business has manufacturing operations in Runcorn, Cheshire, and Howden

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Yorkshire. The business has strong relationships with an international network of key suppliers, for both raw materials used in manufactured products and bought-in products. The majority of Howden’s products are externally sourced, kitchen fascias, appliances and joinery products all being bought-in.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Gloster Furniture Ltd United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1454 631950 Gloster Furniture Ltd Fax +44 1454 631959 Collins Drive, Severn Beach www.gloster.com Bristol BS35 4GG e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION RTA - DIY furniture, Garden, outdoor

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1981 EMPLOYEES 25 TURNOVER EUR 30 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS n.a. SQM n.a. LOCATION Indonesia

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Gloster distributes its products throughout upper end furniture stores, garden centres, furniture - and garden specialists.

OTHER INFO Gloster, established in 1981, started out as a specialist, UK based manufacturer of teak garden benches and seats. In 1992 new owners took over the company and manufacturing was moved to a factory in Indonesia. Gloster operates its own factory near Surabaya in Java, Indonesia which started 20 years ago. Factory is located close to the teak plantations, and currently employs over 1,000 people. Gloster is an upper range manufacturer. Whilst the Gloster brand name is frequently associated with teak furniture, in recent years the company diversified production into alternative materials such as sling, stainless steel and woven man-made wicker.

Gower United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Gower Furniture Ltd Tel. +44 1422 232200 Holmfield Industrial Estate Fax +44 1422 243988 Holmfield, Halifax www.gower-furniture.co.uk HX2 9TN e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

RELATED COMPANIES EWE Küchen GmbH, FM Küchen GmbH, HTH Køkkener A/S, Hygena Cuisines, Invita Køkkener A/S, Magnet Ltd, Marbodal AB, Myresjökök AB, Norema AS, Novart Oy, Optifit Jaka Möbel GmbH, Poggenpohl GmbH, Pronorm Einbauküchen GmbH, Sigdal Kjøkken AS, Uno Form

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 85% Kitchen; 15% Other household; RTA - DIY furniture, Bedroom

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Nobia (turnover: Euro 1,795 mn, more details in the Swedish section of the report)

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1972 EMPLOYEES 550 TURNOVER EUR 131.8 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 3 SQM 27,870 LOCATION Halifax, Morley

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 7.9 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 6

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Gower delivers flat-pack kitchens to DIY chains.

OTHER INFO Gower manufactures kitchens in the lower and middle price segments sold under the customer’s own brand.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Gresham United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Gresham Office Furniture Tel. +44 1204 664422 Platinum Park, Lynstock Way, Fax +44 1204 664433 Horwich, Bolton www.gof.co.uk Lancashire BL6 4SA e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Office

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1976 EMPLOYEES 350 TURNOVER EUR 29.2 million

EXPORT DESTINATION Ireland

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Havelock Europa Group United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Havelock Europa Group Tel. +44 1383 820044 Mossway, Hillend Industrial Park Fax +44 1383 820064 Dalgety Bay KY11 9JS www.havelockeuropa.com United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Office, Educational, other

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1963 EMPLOYEES 917 TURNOVER EUR 182.5 million

Havelock Europa is a UK leader in the design, manufacture and installation of educational and commercial interiors. It also has a substantial presence in the retail point-of-sale display market. The group's customers are mainly large businesses, such as major retailers, construction companies, airports, hotels and local authorities. Havelock Europa specialises in large scale commercial interiors projects at the upper end of the market, throughout the UK and overseas.

History

Founded in 1963 as Havelock Textiles, in 1966 the company changes its name to Havelock Europa Ltd and continues trading as a subsidiary of Ghinns until 1973. Over the years Havelock acquires various companies, until 1989 when Havelock Europa is restructured and the number of manufacturing units is reduced from 12 to 2.

In 2001 Havelock Europa announces its diversification strategy into the growth educational sector with the acquisition of ESA McIntosh, Kirkcaldy, Fife – the UK’s leading provider of educational furniture and fittings. In 2004 as part of its continuing diversification into the high-growth educational sector, Havelock Europa acquires TeacherBoards Ltd, Skipton, and Clean Air Ltd, Bolton. Spearheading its further diversification into the growth healthcare sector Havelock Europa also establishes a new division, ESA Healthcare, based in Dalgety Bay, Fife to provide bespoke interiors for primary, secondary and LIFT healthcare facilities. In 2007 Havelock Europa acquires Stage Systems Ltd of Loughborough, the UK market leader in modular staging and height adjustable, ergonomic classroom furniture. This expands the Group’s product range in the growth education market and provides Stage Systems Ltd with access to new market sectors.

Financial Highlights

In 2007 Havelock Europa Group recorded a total turnover of Euro 182.5 million (+8.6% on 2006). Revenues increased especially thanks to the Retail Interiors Division, with revenue up by 14%. Instead the overall results of the educational furniture and supplies business were disappointing. Whilst revenues increased by 9%, all of this increase was accounted for by revenue from the newly-acquired Stage Systems, a manufacturer of demountable staging products for schools.

Manufacturing process

The company employed 917 employees in 2007.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Products

The Group comprises the following business segments:

• Retail – design, manufacture and installation of interiors for retailers, financial services, hotels and healthcare premises; it represented 43% of total sales in 2007.

• Education – design, manufacture and installation of classrooms, fitted and loose furniture, teaching aids, display boards and fume cupboards for the education sector; it represented 35% of total sales in 2007.

• Point of sale display – printing of promotional graphics and manufacture of display equipment for use in retail, financial services and branded goods businesses; it represented 22% of total sales in 2007.

Strategic growth initiatives

The Group’s strategy is based on a drive to find new growth sectors and improve shareholder value by concentrating on UK markets where the Group can establish significant competitive advantage or where there is scope for expansion.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Herman Miller United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1249 707465 Herman Miller Ltd Fax +44 845 4309250 Methuen Park www.hermanmiller.com/europe Chippenham, Wiltshire SN14 0GF e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Office

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Herman Miller

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 296 TURNOVER EUR 139.2 million

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 65.3 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 46.9

OTHER INFO The US multinational has its European headquarters in Chippenham and in the UK it produces a significant share of products for the European market.

J&J Ormerod United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1706 877877 J&J Ormerod plc Fax +44 1706 879827 Colonial House www.jjoplc.com Bacup, Lancashire OL13 0EA e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Kitchen, Bedroom

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 250 TURNOVER EUR 61.5 million

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Kitchen furniture is distributed through kitchen specialists (90%), Building Trade (contract) (10%)

JT Ellis United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1484 514212 J.T. Ellis & Co. Ltd Fax +44 1484 456433 Silver Street www.ellisfurniture.co.uk Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD5 9BA e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Contract furniture, Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1891 EMPLOYEES 320 TURNOVER EUR 25 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 1 SQM 18,580 LOCATION Huddersfield

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Building Trade (contract) (100%)

OTHER INFO Ellis Furniture is a leading UK based manufacturer of Hotel and Residential contract furniture. Established in 1891 the company provides furniture to numerous installations throughout the UK and Europe.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

JDP United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 115 9730300 JDP Furniture Group Fax +44 115 9737241 Gloucester House, Wellington Street www.jdp-furniture-group.co.uk Long Eaton, Nottinghamshire NG10 4HT e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

CONTROLLED COMPANIES, SUBSIDIARIES, OTHER RELATED COMPANIES Celebrity, Cintique, Parker & Farr, Wade Furniture, Wade Upholstery, Wellbeck House, Verana and YP Furniture

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 80% Upholstery; 20% Other household; Dining-living room

THE COMPANY IS PART OF JDP Furniture Group

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 2000 EMPLOYEES 656 TURNOVER EUR 67 million

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS The Group operates a 25,000 square foot showroom featuring a wide selection of cabinet and upholstered furniture from its eight trading companies.

History

In 2000 the Wade Furniture Group split up and sold its consumer division to the JDP Furniture Group.

Today the JDP Group which is based in Nottinghamshire, England, includes the companies Celebrity (motion furniture), Cintique (fabric sofas, recliners), Parker & Farr (fabric upholstery), Wade Furniture (reproduction furniture), Wade Upholstery (fabric and leather upholstery), Wellbeck House (fabric and leather upholstery), Verana and YP Furniture.

The Wade Furniture Group kept the companies Elson and Robbins Wade Springs, Buoyant and Multiyork.

Financial Highlights

In 2007 JDP Furniture Group’s sales reached a turnover of Euro 67 million (upholstery represents 80% of Group’s turnover).

Manufacturing process

Recently due to increasing demand, Celebrity Motion Furniture opened a second production facility at its manufacturing headquarters in .

Parker & Farr furniture sources its fabrics from exclusive world fabric houses cut and pattern matched by hand.

JDP Furniture Group has 656 employees in 2007.

Products

Celebrity is specialized in motion furniture since the 1980’s. Today the “Celebrity” recliner and lifting chair range is a wide selection of recliners, reclining chairs and riser recliners in a range of styles.

Cintique manufactures to 95% fabric covered sofas and recliners and 5% is covered with leather. It records a turnover of approximately Euro 10 million. The target customers for the Cintique brand are primarily senior citizens. Contract business accounts for about 10% of sales.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Parker & Farr is specialized in fabric covered upholstery 100% for the home. It records a turnover of around Euro 3 million. Parker & Farr employs around 30 people and has a small export part. Major export outlets are Russia and the Middle East.

Wade Furniture’s history and heritage date back to 1886. Wade Furniture's products are timeless English reproduction pieces in mahogany, yew tree or walnut finishes. In addition to their reproduction ranges, contemporary collections are exhibited finished in elm and oak, (Kashi Nata) oak, limed oak, (Oakhampton and Corinthian) and american walnut (Legacy). In 2005 Wade cabinets dropped its top end traditional reproduction cabinet segment and closed its Leeds factory.

Wade Upholstery featuring exclusively upholstery covered with fabrics.

YP Furniture Living, Dining & Bedroom furniture influenced by 18th century design, select from a range of hand painted colours or two traditional wood pine finishes.

Welbeck House features both traditional and contemporary pieces with a variety of sofa and chair options.

Distribution channels

The Group operates a 25,000 square foot showroom featuring a wide selection of cabinet and upholstered furniture from its eight trading companies.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Magnet United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1325 469441 Magnet Ltd Fax +44 1325 744003 Allington Way, Yarm Road Busines Park www.magnet.co.uk Darlington DL1 4XT e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

RELATED COMPANIES EWE Küchen GmbH, FM Küchen GmbH, HTH Køkkener A/S, Hygena Cuisines, Invita Køkkener A/S, Gower Furniture Ltd, Marbodal AB, Myresjökök AB, Norema AS, Novart Oy, Optifit Jaka Möbel GmbH, Poggenpohl GmbH, Pronorm Einbauküchen GmbH, Sigdal Kjøkken AS, Uno Form

ACTIVITY Manufacturer, Trade

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Kitchen; RTA - DIY furniture

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Nobia (turnover: Euro 1,795 mn, more details in the Swedish section of the report)

EMPLOYEES 1,799 TURNOVER EUR 527.4 million MANUFACTURING LOCATION Darlington

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Magnet manufactures and sells kitchens in the middle price segment to end-users through a network of Group- owned stores (about 200) and multiple retailers. In addition, local tradesmen and joinery products are offered through the Magnet Trade concept. Magnet Trade is the distribution channel to professional customers such as local joinery and construction companies. The kitchens sold are rigid kitchens and are available in stock for immediate delivery. Magnet’s Trade stores also offer a limited range of building materials and in this manner serve as a total supplier. In 2007 Nobia decided to open 100 new Magnet stores in the UK (both trade and retail) in the next 3 years. At the end of 2007, an agreement was reached to divest the C.P. Hart bathroom chain with five stores in the UK.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Moores Furniture Group United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Moores Furniture Group Ltd Tel. +44 1937 842394 ; 844300 Thorp Arch Trading Estate Fax +44 1937 845396 Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7DD www.moores.co.uk United Kingdom

BRANDS, TRADEMARKS Bluestone Kitchens, Bluestone Bathrooms, Shades Bathrooms, Masco Onestep, Moores Direct

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen, Bathroom, Home office

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Masco Corporation

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 1,038 TURNOVER EUR 163 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 1 SQM 55,740 LOCATION Wetherby

CERTIFICATION ISO 9001, ISO 14001

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Kitchens are distributed through kitchen specialists (100%)

OTHER INFO Moores Furniture Group is a subsidiary of the Masco Corporation, an American building products specialist. The Group is a leading manufacturer and installer of quality kitchen and bathroom furniture in the UK, and the market leader in the supply to both public and private house building markets. The firm is particularly active in the supply of kitchens and bathrooms especially for the public sector: following an important order from the Royal Family it obtained a special certificate called a “Royal Warrant”. The company comprises the following divisions: - Public Sector supplys Local Authorities and Housing Associations with high specification kitchen products and installation services. - Private Development supplys private house builders with kitchens and bathrooms. - Retail - Shades Bathroom Furniture is supplied to over 1,000 retail studios throughout the UK both directly and via key distributor partners based nationwide around the country. In addition, the group manufactures for and supply products to some of the major Builders Merchants and Multiples.

Orangebox United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1443 816604 Orange Box Ltd Fax +44 1443 816638 Penallta Industrial Estate, www.orangebox.com Hengoed, Mid Glamorgan e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 60% Office; Upholstery, Tables and chairs

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 185 TURNOVER EUR 36.5 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 1 SQM 4,645 LOCATION Hengoed

OUTPUT 3500 chairs per week

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 3.7 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 10

DESTINATION Europe and the Middle East

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Paula Rosa United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1903 746666 Paula Rosa Fax +44 1903 742140 Water Lane Trading Estate www.paularosa.co.uk Storrington, West Sussex RH20 3DS e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

BRANDS, TRADEMARKS AEG, Zanussi, Electrolux, Bosch, Neff, Hotpoint

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Kitchen

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Ballingslöv International (tunover: Euro 312 million, more details in the Swedish section of the report)

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 160 TURNOVER EUR 35.4 million

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Building Trade (contract) (100%)

OTHER INFO Paula Rosa is the Group's brand that focuses on the construction sector in the UK. Paula Rosa, is aimed primarily at medium-sized and large private construction companies, to which the Group sells kitchen installations in the form of subcontracted orders. As well as kitchens, the UK company also supplies white goods and assumes responsibility for the full installation process. The brand belongs in the upper mid-range segment. There are some retail sales at Paula Rosa's showroom by the factory, with other sales being aimed at the construction sector.

Quitmann Furniture United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Quitmann Furniture Tel. +44 1179 822004 Unit 1, Avonmouth Way West Fax +44 1179 822009 Avonmouth BS11 9EX www.quitmannfurniture.co.uk United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Dining-living room, Bedroom, Tables and chairs, Occasional

OTHER INFO Quitmann Furniture, a family furniture business, from the beginnings in the East End of London, has grown and is one of the leading suppliers of quality modern and traditional furniture in the UK. A management buyout from the Quitmann family in the summer of 2006 by John and Maureen Newey saw the new team build on its strengths, while at the same time move into new product areas. This, coupled with a move to its Avonmouth warehouse, created the impetus for change and steady growth. Quitmann Furniture has a partnership with a Slovenian company which manufactures oak dining, occasional and bedroom furniture under the Old Mill Oak brand. This partnership gives the company significant flexibility and the ability to influence production.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Regency Group United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Regency Group Ltd Tel. +44 161 3664444 Regent House, Waterside Industrial Estate Fax +44 1457 856073 Hadfield, Hyde www.regencygroupuk.co.uk - www.regencykitchens.co.uk Cheshire SK14 7BS e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

CONTROLLED COMPANIES, SUBSIDIARIES, OTHER RELATED COMPANIES Richmond Cabinet Company Ltd, Regency Kitchens

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Kitchen

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT In the early 1970s EMPLOYEES 282 TURNOVER EUR 37.4 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 2 SQM n.a. LOCATION n.a.

CERTIFICATION ISO 9001, FIRA Gold Award, BSI Kitemark

History

Regency Group Ltd, based in Hadfield, Hyde, United Kingdom, is a manufacturing company. The company was established in the early 1970s .

Financial Highlights

In 2007 Regency Group recorded a total turnover of about Euro 37 million.

Manufacturing process

The company employed 282 employees in 2007.

The Regency Group comprises two divisions: Regency Kitchens and Richmond Cabinet Company Ltd.

The Richmond Cabinet Company, established in 1987, caters for the specific needs of the volume contract kitchen market, provides fire surrounds and suites to the Public and DIY Retail sectors, and is a supplier of cabinets to the major gaming machine producers. Richmond produces kitchens for the social sector and cabinets for fruit machine suppliers.

Regency Kitchens, a privately owned family business, established in the early 1960s, is committed to supplying kitchens to regional and national house developers, trade merchants and trade customers.

Regency and Richmond work closely together to provide kitchens and a full service to the private and social housing markets.

Kitchen Flair, established since 1985, is Regency Group’s retail operation, offering superior rigid kitchens produced by Regency Kitchens, an extensive range of Keller kitchens and the Rocca bathroom range.

Strategic growth initiatives

The company has plans to move into new markets, one being the educational sector (as the government has plans to replace all school furniture over a number of years).

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

S&C Group Ltd. United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1977 676719 S&C Group Ltd. Fax +44 1977 676722 Headlands Lane www.scgroup.uk.net Hilltop, Knottingley WF11 0LA e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Dining-living room, Tables and chairs, Occasional

OTHER INFO S&C Group was established in 1993 as S&C Timber. The initial focus was on cut-to-size sheet timber, which the company continues to supply. The business has expanded far beyond its original goals. S&C Group is also a manufacturer of TV and audio stands for the UK and global marketplaces, making stands from medium-density fibre board (MDF) in the early days but now increasingly from glass, steel and aluminium. S&C Group comprises three divisions: the first is the cut-to-size timber business. Secondly, there is the TV and audio furniture manufacturing arm, which services major OEMs, and high street retailers from the largest chains to the independent electrical store. And thirdly, a new division which makes premium glass surrounds, bases and fronts for televisions and other AV equipment, an operation performed for major manufacturers worldwide.

Senator United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1282 725000 Senator International Ltd Fax +44 1282 725039 Syke Side Drive, Altham Business Park www.senatorinternational.co.uk Accrington, Lancashire BB5 6YE e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Office

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1977 EMPLOYEES 800 TURNOVER EUR 128.5 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 3 SQM 37,400 LOCATION Accrington, Lancashire Ohio - USA Maumee

OUTPUT Production is divided among three factories, the first is dedicated to furniture and has a production capacity of between 7,000 and 11,000 units per week, and the other two are dedicated to the production of seating

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 45 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 35

DESTINATION Netherlands; USA

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Senator has a showroom in London and distributes its products mainly through specialist stores.

OTHER INFO Senator is a leading British producer of office furniture. Activities on export markets have developed considerably in recent years, with the share of exports rising from 20% of production in 2005 to over 35% in 2007. In the past two years the firm has undergone strong structural development. 2005 saw the acquisition of Allermuir, a British firm specialising in the production of seating, lounge seating and furnishings for communal areas. In 2007 Senator B.V. was launched, the Dutch subsidiary of the group, based in Amsterdam, and a new five-storey showroom was opened in London (near Euston Station). It has just launched a production plant in Ohio - USA (Maumee) where products in the Allermuir line will be produced; plans are to expand production and to also include products from the Senator catalogue in the near future.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Sherborne Upholstery United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Sherborne Upholstery Ltd Tel. +44 1274 882633 Pasture Lane Fax +44 1274 815129 Clayton, www.sherborneupholstery.co.uk West Yorkshire BD14 6LT e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Upholstery; Contract furniture

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 300 TURNOVER EUR 32.9 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 2 SQM n.a. LOCATION n.a.

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 0.4 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 1.3

DESTINATION Exports are exclusively destined to Ireland.

OTHER INFO Sherborne Upholstery is an upholstery specialist active on the UK market for 75 years. Products include traditional wing chairs, settees and sofas, reclining chairs, reclining settees, sofabeds and matching suites. Motion upholstery production takes an important part in the production. Upholstery manufactured is covered to 80% with fabrics and 20% with leather.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Smallbone PLC United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Smallbone PLC Tel. +44 1380 729090 The Hopton Workshop www.smallboneplc.com Devizes, Wiltshire SN10 2EU United Kingdom

CONTROLLED COMPANIES, SUBSIDIARIES, OTHER RELATED COMPANIES Smallbone & Co (Devizes) Limited, Mark Wilkinson Furniture Limited, Paris Ceramics Limited, Smallbone Holdings USA Inc, Smallbone Trustee Limited

BRANDS, TRADEMARKS Smallbone of Devices, Mark Wilkinson, Paris Ceramics, Hopton Worktops

ACTIVITY Manufacturer, Trade

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 81% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Kitchen, Bathroom, Dining-living room, Bedroom

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Smallbone

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 2001 EMPLOYEES 585 TURNOVER EUR 81.8 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS n.a. LOCATION Devizes, Bromham, Farmville (Virginia, USA)

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 14.9 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 18.2

DESTINATION North America, Europe

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS The group has a young but growing distribution network of showrooms in UK and in th US. The Group opened a further two showrooms in 2007 and continues to expand the distribution network in 2008.

History

Smallbone PLC, based in Devizes, United Kingdom, is a manufacturing and retailing company.

The Group’s business is principally comprised of 3 top interior design brands, all of which sell into the luxury end of the consumer market, from retail showrooms located in towns and cities in the UK and US. In 2007, it was created a fourth brand, Hopton Works, selling granite, marble, stone and veneered products direct to developers, interior designers and end customers.

Financial Highlights

In 2007 Smallbone PLC recorded a total turnover of Euro 81.8 million (+16.8% on 2006). Furniture sales were Euro 66.3 million including appliances. Exports accounted for 18%.

Manufacturing process

The company employed 585 employees in 2007 (527 people in the UK and 58 people in the USA) (+2% on 2006).

The company actually consists of four brands:

- Smallbone of Devices, established in 1976, is committed in the design, manufacture and installation of bespoke, mainly fitted, domestic furniture – primarily for kitchens (85% of sales), bedrooms, living rooms and bathrooms. Together with the supply of related appliances and worktops. The company has 204 employees in UK and 10 in the US. Its main headquearters and factory are located in Devices (Wiltshire). The brand’s sales represent 46% of total Group’s revenue.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

- Mark Wilkinson, established in 1981, designs, manufactures and installs of bespoke, mainly fitted, domestic furniture – primarily for kitchens (84% of sales), bedrooms, living rooms and bathrooms. Together with the supply of related appliances and worktops. The company has a staff of 291 employees in UK. Its main headquearters and factory are located in Bromham (Wiltshire). The brand’s sales represent 42% of total Group’s revenue.

- Paris Ceramics’ activities are the design, sourcing and supply of stone slabs and tiles mainly for internal and external domestic flooring, fireplaces, architraves and commissioned mosaics. Paris Ceramics was established in 1982. The company has 48 employees in the US and 2 in UK. Its main headquearters and factory are located in Farmville (Virginia, USA). The brand’s sales represent 11.5% of total Group’s revenue.

- The Hopton Works comprises three divisions – a division that sources, cuts, polishes and installs granite and marble worktops and wall-cladding; a division that undertakes specialist veneering for doors, boards and panels; and a division that supplies stone flooring products. The company has 26 employees in UK. Its main headquearters and factory are located in Devices (Wiltshire). The brand’s sales represent 0.5% of total Group’s revenue.

Products

The Group’s present core market is the UK kitchen market, 78% of the Group’s turnover in 2007 was represented by UK retail kitchen sales.

Strategic growth initiatives

To deliver faster growth from the UK market, the Smallbone Group brands are aiming to win market share by broadening the distribution base, through the opening of new showrooms. The Group’s plans to 2009, in the US furniture market, are to establish the business primarily through East Coast showrooms such as the first showroom in New York and the second in Greenwich, Connecticut.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Sofa Brands International United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1443 846130 Sofa Brands International Fax +44 1443 846131 Severn Road, Treforest Industrial Estate www.sofabrands.com Pontypridd, Wales CF37 5YH e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Upholstery

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Sofa Brands International

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 1,349 TURNOVER EUR 126 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS n.a. SQM n.a. LOCATION UK and Lithuania

History

The newly formed Sofa Brands International is a company grouping a number of companies formerly belonging to a UK upholstery leader, Christie Tyler which employed up to 2,600 people. Christie Tyler had fallen prey to cheap imports and the collapse of the retailers Courts and Allders, two important customers in 2005. A new company called Sofa Brands International was set up. Sofa Brands International acquired 100% of the share capital of Derwent Upholstery, Duresta Upholstery, G Plan Upholstery and Parker Knoll (which belonged to Christie Tyler Group). Sofa Brands International has also the private label manufacturer Cameo (formerly Cambria) and CFC.

Financial Highlights

In 2006 Sofa Brands International recorded a total turnover of Euro 126 million.

Manufacturing process

The company employed 1,349 employees in 2006.

Sofa Brands International manufactures upholstery in the UK and in Lithuania where it employs around 260 people. Production in Lithuania amounts to 250 suits per week. SBI employs today a total of around 1,350 people.

Cameo is today one of UK's leading upholstered furniture manufacturers. Cameo's products include recliners, sofas, hide-a- beds, upholstered chairs, and loveseats covered in materials as leather, woven fabric, and velvet. The mid-priced furniture is manufactured in the UK and Lithuania and distributed through specialty furniture retailers across the UK. In 2008 Sofa Brands International announced that 156 manufacturing workers in the South Wales Cameo Sofa Company face redundancy as the company announced it is to shift production from Treforest to Lithuania in Summer 2008. There are currently 182 workers at the Treforest plant. This plant is the last of the original Christie Tyler factories.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Steinhoff UK Furniture United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Steinhoff UK Tel. +44 1656 666150 Bridgend Industrial Estate Fax +44 1656 750897 Bridgend www.steinhoffukfurniture.co.uk Kingsway, CF31 3RY e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer, Trade

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION Upholstery

OTHER PRODUCTION Mattresses

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Steinhoff Group

MANUFACTURING PLANTS n.a. SQM 20,000 LOCATION Bridgend

OTHER INFO Steinhoff UK Furniture (based in Bridgend, S. Wales), operates a 20,000 square metres warehousing and distribution operation for the United Kingdom and Ireland for product sourced from Steinhoff International Holdings Limited companies all over the world. In addition to Steinhoff UK Furniture, the Steinhoff UK Group comprises Reylon, manufacturer of high quality beds, sofabeds and bed frames; Pritex, an industrial foam and fibre products business and Sprung Slumber, manufacturer of mattresses and divans. In 2006 Steinhoff International Holdings acquired the majority stake of the Homestyle group. The competitive situation in the United Kingdom led to the acquisition, with effect from 30 June 2005, of a 60.8% interest in Homestyle. Since inception the supply chain in the United Kingdom has developed from being only a distributor of furniture, to manufacturing and sourcing beds and mattresses, converting and adding value to foam products, and manufacturing and sourcing upholstered furniture, to retailing household goods to the end consumer. In 2007 Steinhoff’s revenue in UK (including retail activities) amounted to about Euro 792 million.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Symphony United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 113 2308000 Symphony Group plc Fax +44 113 2318138 Gelderd Lane www.symphony-group.co.uk Leeds, West Yorkshire LS12 6AL e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

BRANDS, TRADEMARKS Charles Yorke, Mirari, The Gallery, Milano, Embrace, Venetian

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION RTA - DIY furniture, Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom, Occasional

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1971 EMPLOYEES 1,100 TURNOVER EUR 201.6 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS 2 SQM n.a. LOCATION Leeds and Rotherham

CERTIFICATION BS EN ISO 9002, BS EN ISO 14001

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 39.5 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 19.6

DESTINATION Europe, Scandinavia, Middle East and Far East

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Symphony works with the UK's leading housebuilders and in partnering schemes with councils and housing associations across UK. The company also sells its kitchen, bedroom and bathroom range through more than 1,000 retail outlets in the UK and worldwide.

OTHER INFO Symphony Group is the largest privately-owned UK manufacturer of custom-fitted kitchen, bedroom, and bathroom furniture. The kitchen brands that the firm distributes are Charles Yorke (customised kitchens), Mirari, The Gallery and Milano. Other brands are Embrace bedrooms and Venetian bathroom.

Tetrad United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1772 792936 Tetrad Plc Fax +44 1772 798319 Hartford Mill, Swan Street www.tetrad.co.uk Preston, Lancashire PR1 5PQ e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Total household; Contract furniture, Upholstery, Bedroom

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Tetrad Plc

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 500 TURNOVER EUR 52.6 million

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 15.8. million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 30

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS Tetrad sells its products through independent furniture retailers and department stores throughout the UK and worldwide especially to Italy, France, Spain and the Middle East. Tetrad employs over 500 people. Tetrad has a contract division.

OTHER INFO Tetrad is an upper range company specialized in handcrafted fabric and leather sofas and chairs primarily in traditional style.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

The Morris Furniture Group United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 141 3007200 The Morris Furniture Co Fax +44 141 3007240 24 Rosyt Road www.morrisfurniture.co.uk Glasgow, Scotland G5 0YD e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

BRANDS, TRADEMARKS G Plan cabinets; Morris Furniture: Zone Furniture; Relaxateeze; Sleepstyle; Morris Contract; Morris Homestyle; Morris Education; Morris Office, Roc Furniture; Resource by Morris

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION RTA - DIY furniture, Contract furniture, Office, Dining-living room, Bedroom

THE COMPANY IS PART OF Morris Furniture

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT 1904 EMPLOYEES 1,200 TURNOVER EUR 102 million

History

The Morris Furniture Group, a Glasgow-based manufacturer, is one of UK’s largest independent furniture makers, supplying the domestic, office, educational and contract marketing sectors. The company was established in 1904 by Harris Morris that steered the Morris Furniture Company throughout the production for top hotels, cunard liners, thousands of cinema seats, cabinets for radios and Wurlitzer jukeboxes. In 1996 Morris acquired G Plan from Christie Tyler. In 2005 it acquired Homestyle Kitchens and Bedrooms, a Cumbernauld-based retailer of fitted home furnishings and in 2006 Roc Office and Diamik.

Financial Highlights

In 2007 The Morris Furniture Group recorded a total turnover of Euro 102 million.

Manufacturing process

Morris Furniture Group employs around 1,200 persons. Roc’s core business is the design, manufacture and distribution of commercial furniture, primarily geared towards the public sector. Diamik specialises in providing furniture for the growing educational and healthcare sectors. Morris presently makes furniture in factories throughout the UK, including Glasgow, Campsie Glen, Birmingham and Pontefract.

Marketing

The group now comprises the following brands:

G Plan cabinets, Morris Furniture, Zone Furniture (all offering dining and living furniture, bedroom furniture, occasional furniture); Relaxateeze (upholstery); Sleepstyle (bedroom furniture); Morris Contract Furniture (furniture for the contract segment); Morris Homestyle (kitchen, fitted bedrooms and home office furniture); Morris Education (furniture for education); Morris Office and Roc Furniture (both office furniture); Resource by Morris (commercial furniture).

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Triumph Group United Kingdom

HEADQUARTERS Tel. +44 1685 384041 TRIUMPH - TBS (South Wales) Ltd Fax +44 1685 352202 The Willows www.triumph-tbs.com Merthyr Tydfil, Mid Glamorgan CF48 1YH e-mail: [email protected] United Kingdom

ACTIVITY Manufacturer

MAIN PRODUCTION Furniture Specialized: 100% FURNITURE PRODUCT SPECIALISATION 100% Office; Contract furniture

THE COMPANY IS PART OF TBS (South Wales) Ltd

YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT n.a. EMPLOYEES 400 TURNOVER EUR 37.6 million

MANUFACTURING PLANTS n.a. SQM n.a. LOCATION Merthyr Tydfil (South Wales)

TOTAL EXPORT EUR 3.8 million % EXPORT ON TOTAL TURNOVER 10

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS The firm exports to more than 20 countries through a special sales division created in the Netherlands after the acquisition of Trilogy Office Furniture.

OTHER INFO Triumph has its factory in Merthyr Tydfil (South Wales) and it is the second largest British producer of metal furniture, specialising in fixed and mobile filing systems.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

5. International trade

Figure 5.1 United Kingdom. Furniture exports, imports and trade balance, 2002-2007. Million Eur

Exports Imports Trade balance 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 -2000

-4000 -3,390 -3,750 -4,334 -4,390 -4,597 -4,875 -6000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: CSIL processing

On the international trade front, over the period 2002-2007 the balance of trade in the furniture sector in the UK was always negative and the strength of sterling in recent years has brought about a deterioration in the terms of trade in the furniture sector too. In 2008, the significant depreciation of the pound's nominal effective exchange rate is likely to improve the price competitiveness of UK exports. In 2007 the deficit was Euro 4,875 million, the worst deficit among the European 17 countries.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

5.1. Furniture exports

Figure 5.2 United Kingdom. Furniture exports, 2002-2007. Million Eur and annual percentage changes

million EUR 3000

2000

1,142 1,159 1,196 997 1,054 1,073 1000

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

% changes 15 8.1 10 5.7 5 1.8 3.1 0 -5 -10.7 -12.6 -10 -15 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: CSIL processing

The United Kingdom does not have a particularly strong propensity for exporting. About 86% of the furniture produced is destined for the domestic market. Among the European (17) countries the United Kingdom claims a small quota of total furniture exports (3.8%) and it ranks ninth as furniture exporter.

In 2007 furniture exports in the UK amounted to Euro 1,196 million, increasing by 3% compared to the previous year. Over the period 2002-2007 furniture exports increased slightly by an average annual rate of 0.9%.

About 75% of the export flows are destined for other European countries and about 13% for North America. The main countries of destination for British furniture exports are Ireland, the United States, France, Germany and Belgium which together absorb 65% of total exports. Among its extra-European trading partners the largest quotas are absorbed by the United States (12%) and the United Arab Emirates (1.6%). As far as performances are concerned, Ireland, France, Germany and Belgium recorded growth in 2007, while exports to the United States were rather stable.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Exports by segment

Figure 5.3 United Kingdom. Furniture exports by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown in value

2002 2007 36.5 40 35 30.0 30 25 18.3 18.4 20 16.7 16.5 15 8.8 9.1 8.7 10 7.1 5.5 6.4 6.2 3.3 4.8 3.6 5 0 Office Upholstered Kitchen Bedroom Dining and Non- Other Furniture furniture furniture furniture furniture living room upholstered furniture parts and furniture seats seating parts

Source: CSIL processing

In 2007 exports reached a value of Euro 1,196 million and can be divided into the following segments: - office furniture worth Euro 219 million (in 2002: worth Euro 191 million); - upholstered furniture worth Euro 85 million (in 2002: worth Euro 100 million); - kitchen furniture worth Euro 77 million (in 2002: worth Euro 63 million); - bedroom furniture worth Euro 57 million (in 2002: worth Euro 38 million); - dining and living room furniture worth Euro 105 million (in 2002: worth Euro 104 million); - non-upholstered seats worth Euro 74 million (in 2002: worth Euro 41 million); - other furniture worth Euro 359 million (in 2002: worth Euro 417 million); - furniture parts and seating parts worth Euro 220 million (in 2002: worth Euro 188 million).

Of total kitchen furniture production in the UK only 4.2% is destined for foreign markets, being still noticeably lower than the European average (19%). In 2007 kitchen furniture exports recorded a drop of 5% compared to the year before. British exports of kitchen furniture are principally destined for France, Ireland and the United States, that together absorb about 84% of segment exports. Exports to Ireland have recorded growth over the past six years at an average rate of +21%. The geographical proximity is a determining factor for kitchen sales, for which the “transportability” of the product is a major obstacle to their circulation on international markets. In 2007 however, exports to Ireland decreased by 20%. France and the USA recorded growth, instead, of respectively 4% and 34% in their purchases of British kitchens in 2007, while flows towards Belgium decreased.

The United Kingdom is the fourth exporter in the office furniture sector, and with a total value of Euro 219 million, exports recorded growth of 1.4% in 2007. These included 83% office furniture excluding seating and were destined for a few major markets: Ireland, the United States, Germany, France and the Netherlands. Of these countries, Germany recorded the best performance in 2007 with an increase of over 20% on the previous year. Exports of seating were mainly destined for Ireland

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

and the Netherlands, with the European Union absorbing about 90% of the total. The office furniture market in the United Kingdom, as the whole furniture market, does not show a high degree of openness to international markets, the rate of absorption of imports has certainly shown growth in recent years and is now a little higher (33%) than the European average (28%), but its propensity to export is quite low: in 2007 roughly 21% of office furniture production was destined for foreign markets.

British upholstery manufacturers decreased their export activity by 14.4% in 2007. On average since 2002 export activity decreased by 3.3%. Exports were destined primarily to the 17 European Union member countries which absorbed 85% of total upholstery exports, this share is however decreasing. By far the leading outlet market for UK upholstery remained Ireland in 2007, receiving almost 58.6% of total exports. In value British exports to Ireland decreased, however, by 4.1% in 2007.

Figure 5.4 United Kingdom. Furniture exports by segment. Annual percentage changes at current prices 2007 on 2006 and average growth rates, 2002-2007

av 02-07 07/06 25 20 19.1 15 12.7 8.4 10 6.3 2.8 4.1 3.2 3.1 5 1.4 0.7 0.1 0.9 0 -5 -0.1 -3.3 -4.5 -2.9 -10 -5.2 -15 -14.4 -20 Office Upholstered Kitchen Bedroom Dining and Non- Other Furniture Total furniture furniture furniture furniture living room upholstered furniture parts and furniture furniture seats seating parts

Source: CSIL processing

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

5.2. Furniture imports

Figure 5.5 United Kingdom. Furniture imports, 2002-2007. Million current Eur and annual percentage changes

million EUR 10000

8000 5,757 6,071 6000 5,444 5,406 4,532 4,748 4000

2000

0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

% changes 25 18.9 20 14.7 15 6.5 10 4.8 5.5 5 -0.7 0 -5 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: CSIL processing

Among the European (17) countries, with a value of Euro 6,071 million, the United Kingdom is the second largest furniture importer (behind Germany) and claims a 16% share of European furniture imports. About 45% of consumption is satisfied by imported goods (European average 44%). In 2007 furniture imports registered a growth of 5.5% compared to the previous year, after a positive trend over the period 1999-2005 when the average annual increase of furniture imports was about 12%.

About 51% of the import flows come from European countries, among which the new European members registered the largest drop (-10% over the 2002-2007 period). Imports from Asia and Pacific which claim a quota of 44.5% on total imports, grew by an average annual rate of 17% over the 2002-2007 period. The main countries of origin of British furniture imports are China, Italy, Germany and Poland which together absorb 58% of total imports. As far as performances are concerned, China, Germany and Poland recorded growth in 2007 (+23%, +15 and +9%), while imports form Italy, which had been growing annually by 9% over the 2001-2005 period, decreased once again, by 6.6%, compared to the previous year.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Imports by segment

Figure 5.6 United Kingdom. Furniture imports by segment, 2002 and 2007. Percentage breakdown in value

2002 2007 30 24.8 25 21.9 21.6 21.5 20 18.4 14.6 15 13.3 10.9 9.3 8.6 10 7.2 6.8 7.0 7.7 3.8 5 2.7 0 Office Upholstered Kitchen Bedroom Dining and Non- Other Furniture furniture furniture furniture furniture living room upholstered furniture parts and furniture seats seating parts

Source: CSIL processing

In 2007 imports reached a value of Euro 6071 million and can be divided into the following segments: - office furniture worth Euro 411 million (in 2002: worth Euro 324 million); - upholstered furniture worth Euro 1120 million (in 2002: worth Euro 660 million); - kitchen furniture worth Euro 230 million (in 2002: worth Euro 122 million); - bedroom furniture worth Euro 565 million (in 2002: worth Euro 316 million); - dining and living room furniture worth Euro 660 million (in 2002: worth Euro 605 million); - non-upholstered seats worth Euro 467 million (in 2002: worth Euro 392 million); - other furniture worth Euro 1314 million (in 2002: worth Euro 991 million); - furniture parts and seating parts worth Euro 1305 million (in 2002: worth Euro 1122 million).

The United Kingdom imports mainly furniture parts and seating parts, other furniture and upholstered furniture.

The United Kingdom is after Germany largest upholstery importer among EU countries. In 2007 imports however decreased by 4.2% after a significant growing period. Average growth since 2002 was of 11.1%. The majority of imports originated until 2005 in the European Union member countries (EU17). These countries lost however share in favour of imports from the Asian and Pacific region. Imports from the Asian and Pacific region accounted in 2007 for a 55.6% (average increase since 2002 was of 37.7%). China is by far UK’s leading upholstery supplier, accounting for a share of 46% in 2007. The leading European supplier remains Italy which provided 25% of total imports. This share has, however, been decreasing significantly. Imports of Italian made upholstery to the UK decreased by 17.6% in 2007. Following suppliers account for less than 4% of UK imports.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Kitchen furniture imports satisfy only 11.6% of kitchen furniture consumption. Roughly 73% of kitchen imports came from Germany and Italy. Both countries recorded growth in their shares in the past five years, of annually +11% and +13%, respectively.

Roughly 34% of office furniture consumption, worth a total of Euro 411 million in 2007, was satisfied by imported products. In 2006 China became the leading supplier of office furniture, overtaking historical partners like Germany, Italy and the United States. China exported a total of Euro 56 million of office furniture (excluding seating) products to the UK (a quota of 18%) recording average annual growth of 47% in the last 6 years. Germany and Italy each claim a quota of just over 10%. The quota of office seating provided by China is much higher (33% of the total), while Germany supplies 22% and Sweden 13%. Italy, which until 2003 was the leading supplier of office seating, now ranks in fourth position, with a steady reduction of its quota on British imports.

Figure 5.7 United Kingdom. Furniture imports by segment. Annual percentage changes at current prices 2007 on 2006 and average growth rates, 2002-2007

av 02-07 07/06 40 36.0

30

20 13.6 11.1 12.3 12.7 10.6 6.9 10 4.8 6.8 5.8 6.0 5.5 1.8 3.6 2.7 5.3 0 -1.5 -10 -4.2 Office Upholstered Kitchen Bedroom Dining and Non- Other Furniture Total furniture furniture furniture furniture living room upholstered furniture parts and furniture furniture seats seating parts

Source: CSIL processing

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Methodological notes

This Report is the result of: - processing of macroeconomic and sector statistics from 2002 to 2007; - over 300 interviews with leading European companies; - analysis of sector documentation from CSIL’s databases which were created in 1980 and have been updated annually.

In addition to information supplied directly by the companies themselves, we have also referred to specialist sector publications, company balance sheets, annual reports and our own estimates for a further insight into company data. Although the utmost care has been taken in processing the data (cross-checks and subsequent verification with the interested parties and informed observers) CSIL cannot be held responsible for any errors and/or omissions in the data supplied at source.

Definitions used in the report The FURNITURE aggregate includes the following products: - Office furniture: Visitor chairs without wheels, Office chairs with wheels, Executive chairs, Folding/stackable chairs, Chairs for waiting rooms, Chairs for airports, auditoriums, cinemas etc., Chairs for the community (hospitals, clinics etc.), Operative and Management furnishing systems, desks that include bases (units which can be fitted/incorporated under a desk), Partitions, Office bookcases/shelving, Filing cabinets, Cupboards and various Storage items complementary to Operative workstations, Filing Systems, Wall-to-wall units (Roof-high equipped partition walls in panels, metal, plasterboard or glass), Furniture for communication areas (counters, reception, benches for auditoriums and break rooms). - Upholstered furniture: Seats convertible into beds (excl. garden seats and camping equipment, and medical, dental or surgical furniture), Upholstered seats with wooden and metal frames. - Non upholstered seats: Non-upholstered seats with wooden frames (excl. swivel seats), Seats of wood, cane, osier, bamboo or similar materials, Other seats (excl. Seats for aircraft and for motor vehicles). - Kitchen furniture: Furniture of a kind used in kitchens (excl. seats), Fitted kitchen units. - Bedroom furniture: Cupboards, drawers, beds (excluding mattresses and mattress supports), bedside tables, bedroom storage systems. - Dining and living room furniture: Tables, bookshelves, sideboards, and other furniture for dining-living rooms (excl. seats). - Other furniture: Other kind of furniture for outdoor, the garden, bathroom (excl. medical, dental, surgical or veterinary, and seats), Furniture for shops (incl. shop, bar and hotel fittings, modular shop fitting systems, coat stands…), Occasional furniture. - Furniture parts and seating parts: Furniture parts (excl. for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary furniture, seats - for specially designed furniture for hi-fi systems, videos or televisions) and Parts of seats (excl. for aircraft, for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary seats, barbers' and similar chairs).

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

Contract: refers to a situation when simple furnishing supply is accompanied by a series of collateral services under the contracting formula (responsibility for all the work involved in a specific order), such as space planning support and supplier research, and coordination for the completion of the furnishing.

Employees: the total number of people who work in the company as well as persons who work outside the company, but who belong to it and are paid by it (e.g. sales representatives, delivery personnel, repair and maintenance teams); persons absent for a short period (e.g. sick leave, paid leave or special leave), and also those on strike, part-time workers, seasonal workers, apprentices and home workers on the payroll.

Company turnover: consolidated turnover that comprises the sales of the parent company and the subsidiaries, eliminating intra-group transactions. Furthermore we asked for the sales value, net of discounts and at factory prices. Some firms were not able to satisfy these requirements (they gave us gross sales and/or at consumer prices instead) or did not provide any information.

DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS - Independent Chains: Chains under the same ownership specialising mainly in the sale of furniture, accessories and products for the home - Organised Chains (furniture specialized): Distribution chains, consisting of both directly controlled and franchised sales outlets - Franchises (furniture specialized): System of collaboration between independent companies, bound by contract, under which one company (the franchisor) grants the other (the franchisee) the right to use a brand name and a commercial formula, including a logo, under certain conditions and on payment. The franchisor also guarantees assistance and regular support services - Buying Groups (furniture specialized): Associations between retailers, each retaining his own legal status and financial independence, which mainly aim to make purchases and provide joint sales services, such as training, technological equipment, research, communication, promotion and financial services. - Small Scale Independent Retailers (furniture specialized): Small independent sales outlets that do not form part of any kind of organised structure. - Hypermarkets (not furniture specialized): Retail sales outlets divided into departments (food and non-food) which have respectively the characteristics of a supermarket and a department store. - Department Stores (not furniture specialized): Retail sales outlets operating in the non-food field, dedicated to the sale of articles belonging to different sectors and mostly of large-scale consumption. - Do It Yourself (not furniture specialized): Sale of articles for home maintenance and do-it-yourself. - Mail Order (not furniture specialized): Sales of various types of product via catalogue.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

NOTES: - The source of trade data is Eurostat. Following recent changes and updatings of Eurostat data, the data series in this report have been modified and are not directly comparable with similar data in previous editions of the report.

- The export/production and the import/consumption ratios may exceed 100% for countries where there are large amounts of imports for re-export. Official trade statistics do not allow to determine the actual amount of re-exports included in exports.

- Values of production, domestic consumption, exports and imports are at ex-factory prices (value of goods from producer).

- All figures are in current EUR unless otherwise indicated. Data in local currencies were converted to EUR using exchange rates from the US Federal Reserve.

- Real terms: when we refer in the text to annual percentage changes of production and consumption in real terms, we refer to annual percentage changes from which the influence of prices fluctuations on the presented data is excluded, but which are calculated on value data expressed in current currencies.

Note on the discrepancy of data supplied by Eurostat for foreign trade With regard to the treatment of foreign trade data for the furniture sector, CSIL makes a selection of products based on the Combined Nomenclature and carries out an aggregation of the data per geographical area on the basis of its own subdivision of trading partners. As far as the statistics for the single countries are concerned, however, CSIL publishes the official data as they stand, without any adjustment or estimates. Thus these data should be considered the official Eurostat statistics. Discrepancies can be found in the data for foreign trade related to intra- community flows, and in its own methodological note about the trade of goods (available on request) Eurostat lists a series of possible reasons. We think it is useful to draw your attention to the following: the system of thresholds, which makes it possible to exempt a large share of the operators (especially small and medium-sized firms) from statistical formalities, the high rate of non- response errors in the classification of goods, residual methodological differences at a national level, regarding aspects of information gathering (especially due to simplification) not yet bound by rules of uniformity in the data collection process. When faced with conflicting statistics, the intensive work of analysing and comparing data that CSIL carries out in the course of its activity of monitoring the furniture sector suggests that it is preferable, in principle, to focus attention on the outward flows.

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The furniture industry in the United Kingdom

6. Import and export tables

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Table 6.1 United Kingdom Furniture exports by product, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Upholstered furniture 100 93 104 91 99 85 8.8 7.1 -14.4 -3.3 Non-upholstered seats 41 37 47 59 74 74 3.6 6.2 -0.1 12.7 Parts of seats 90 87 71 58 75 89 7.9 7.4 18.3 -0.2 Bedroom furniture 38 37 54 48 57 57 3.3 4.8 0.7 8.4 Kitchen furniture 63 56 63 90 81 77 5.5 6.4 -5.2 4.1 Furniture for dining and living rooms 104 101 116 110 109 105 9.1 8.7 -4.5 0.1 Office furniture 191 159 178 197 216 219 16.7 18.3 1.4 2.8 Other furniture 417 341 320 331 338 359 36.5 30.0 6.3 -2.9 Parts of furniture, excluding parts of seats 98 86 101 88 109 131 8.6 10.9 19.7 5.9 Furniture including parts 1142 997 1054 1073 1159 1196 100.0 100.0 3.1 0.9 Source: CSIL processing of official data

Table 6.2 United Kingdom Furniture imports by product, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Upholstered furniture 660 816 1060 1091 1169 1120 14.6 18.4 -4.2 11.1 Non-upholstered seats 392 400 463 430 455 467 8.6 7.7 2.7 3.6 Parts of seats 598 628 573 568 633 633 13.2 10.4 0.0 1.1 Bedroom furniture 316 380 480 455 501 565 7.0 9.3 12.7 12.3 Kitchen furniture 122 130 144 156 169 230 2.7 3.8 36.0 13.6 Furniture for dining and living rooms 605 602 660 586 618 660 13.3 10.9 6.8 1.8 Office furniture 324 302 327 361 417 411 7.2 6.8 -1.5 4.8 Other furniture 991 1024 1177 1179 1188 1314 21.9 21.6 10.6 5.8 Parts of furniture, excluding parts of seats 524 466 561 580 606 672 11.6 11.1 10.8 5.1 Furniture including parts 4532 4748 5444 5406 5757 6071 100.0 100.0 5.5 6.0 Source: CSIL processing of official data

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Table 6.3 United Kingdom Exports of furniture including parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 245.0 236.5 302.6 359.6 390.6 408.1 21.5 34.1 4.5 10.7 United States 260.5 180.3 162.9 146.9 143.8 144.4 22.8 12.1 0.4 -11.1 France 96.8 84.3 82.2 89.8 99.3 102.3 8.5 8.6 3.1 1.1 Germany 106.9 80.3 68.0 65.7 69.5 72.6 9.4 6.1 4.4 -7.5 Belgium 54.8 51.1 40.6 37.9 48.6 50.1 4.8 4.2 3.1 -1.8 Netherlands 58.6 44.6 38.6 40.8 40.5 41.6 5.1 3.5 2.7 -6.6 Spain 32.0 37.7 41.5 41.2 35.1 31.1 2.8 2.6 -11.3 -0.6 Italy 30.7 26.4 34.0 23.3 31.6 28.1 2.7 2.4 -11.0 -1.8 United Arab Emirates 7.6 12.4 10.6 12.1 12.1 19.5 0.7 1.6 61.1 20.7 Japan 27.8 28.4 28.7 27.2 25.8 18.9 2.4 1.6 -26.8 -7.4 Top 10 920.9 782.0 809.7 844.6 897.0 916.7 80.7 76.7 2.2 -0.1 Others 220.7 215.4 244.2 228.3 262.3 279.0 19.3 23.3 6.4 4.8

Americas 275.0 198.3 181.9 161.1 156.3 156.8 24.1 13.1 0.3 -10.6 - North America 268.2 189.5 171.6 154.4 150.3 150.2 23.5 12.6 0.0 -10.9 - Central-South America 6.8 8.8 10.3 6.7 6.0 6.5 0.6 0.5 8.7 -0.8 Asia and Pacific 69.6 73.4 80.6 73.8 80.3 77.2 6.1 6.5 -3.8 2.1 Europe 755.6 682.5 735.2 782.9 866.0 897.5 66.2 75.1 3.6 3.5 - European Union (15) 683.5 606.9 654.3 706.0 760.8 786.2 59.9 65.8 3.3 2.8 - New EU Members (12) 24.8 32.1 31.4 28.8 39.8 42.2 2.2 3.5 5.9 11.2 - Enlarged EU (27) 708.3 639.0 685.7 734.8 800.7 828.4 62.0 69.3 3.5 3.2 - Norway & Switzerland 26.0 25.7 25.2 24.8 26.7 29.6 2.3 2.5 10.7 2.6 - Other Europe 21.3 17.8 24.4 23.2 38.6 39.5 1.9 3.3 2.3 13.1 Middle East 25.2 29.7 41.4 39.4 40.7 44.5 2.2 3.7 9.3 12.0 Africa 16.1 13.3 14.7 15.6 16.0 19.8 1.4 1.7 23.7 4.2 Other Countries 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.s. n.s. World Total 1141.5 997.4 1053.9 1072.9 1159.3 1195.7 100.0 100.0 3.1 0.9 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.4 United Kingdom Imports of furniture including parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 532.6 633.0 887.0 1156.0 1439.8 1777.4 11.8 29.3 23.4 27.3 Italy 898.7 995.5 1180.8 1020.2 979.8 915.3 19.8 15.1 -6.6 0.4 Germany 419.7 431.3 474.7 501.4 517.2 593.4 9.3 9.8 14.7 7.2 Poland 199.6 232.6 257.4 212.3 254.3 276.9 4.4 4.6 8.9 6.8 Vietnam 73.9 86.2 124.2 125.7 137.9 182.8 1.6 3.0 32.6 19.9 Malaysia 197.4 176.7 170.7 167.4 164.7 157.0 4.4 2.6 -4.6 -4.5 France 191.7 168.3 170.9 164.1 149.6 145.2 4.2 2.4 -2.9 -5.4 Denmark 171.0 184.0 198.4 169.2 141.9 142.8 3.8 2.4 0.6 -3.5 Indonesia 120.7 107.6 126.0 116.5 137.5 132.8 2.7 2.2 -3.4 1.9 United States 123.3 96.4 111.3 140.2 165.8 126.4 2.7 2.1 -23.7 0.5 Top 10 2928.5 3111.8 3701.3 3773.0 4088.4 4450.1 64.6 73.3 8.8 8.7 Others 1603.2 1635.7 1742.9 1633.4 1668.1 1620.5 35.4 26.7 -2.9 0.2

Americas 244.2 209.3 239.2 259.1 296.4 244.9 5.4 4.0 -17.4 0.1 - North America 153.8 120.6 135.3 163.1 188.8 153.2 3.4 2.5 -18.9 -0.1 - Central-South America 90.4 88.7 103.9 96.0 107.6 91.7 2.0 1.5 -14.8 0.3 Asia and Pacific 1218.9 1311.3 1698.4 1931.2 2287.5 2703.6 26.9 44.5 18.2 17.3 Europe 2956.0 3133.7 3415.2 3141.1 3115.2 3083.8 65.2 50.8 -1.0 0.9 - European Union (15) 2279.2 2381.6 2670.2 2452.8 2337.7 2356.4 50.3 38.8 0.8 0.7 - New EU Members (12) 589.4 661.9 650.6 592.8 675.5 607.7 13.0 10.0 -10.0 0.6 - Enlarged EU (27) 2868.5 3043.5 3320.8 3045.5 3013.2 2964.1 63.3 48.8 -1.6 0.7 - Norway & Switzerland 44.0 39.8 36.9 33.9 34.7 37.1 1.0 0.6 6.9 -3.4 - Other Europe 43.4 50.5 57.6 61.6 67.3 82.6 1.0 1.4 22.8 13.7 Middle East 9.8 8.1 8.7 11.6 15.6 10.6 0.2 0.2 -31.8 1.7 Africa 102.8 83.9 82.7 63.2 41.9 27.7 2.3 0.5 -33.9 -23.1 Other Countries 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.s. -34.9 World Total 4531.7 4747.5 5444.2 5406.4 5756.6 6070.6 100.0 100.0 5.5 6.0 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.5 United Kingdom Exports of furniture excluding parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 220.1 212.5 273.4 332.8 353.9 359.1 23.1 36.8 1.5 10.3 United States 244.9 167.3 148.8 134.5 130.5 130.2 25.7 13.3 -0.2 -11.9 France 79.2 71.7 73.3 80.7 76.8 73.4 8.3 7.5 -4.5 -1.5 Germany 82.7 58.1 50.4 48.2 54.1 55.8 8.7 5.7 3.2 -7.6 Netherlands 50.6 38.0 30.3 33.2 33.5 36.2 5.3 3.7 8.0 -6.5 Spain 21.7 21.6 30.1 34.4 27.6 25.8 2.3 2.6 -6.4 3.5 Italy 22.6 19.7 21.0 20.9 28.0 22.5 2.4 2.3 -19.6 -0.1 Belgium 19.3 18.3 17.0 15.8 20.3 18.8 2.0 1.9 -7.3 -0.5 United Arab Emirates 6.5 11.1 8.9 10.1 10.5 16.5 0.7 1.7 56.8 20.6 Russia 9.7 7.9 6.2 8.3 14.7 16.0 1.0 1.6 8.8 10.6 Top 10 757.3 626.3 659.4 718.9 749.9 754.4 79.4 77.3 0.6 -0.1 Others 196.4 198.0 222.6 207.8 224.9 221.6 20.6 22.7 -1.5 2.4

Americas 256.9 182.5 165.5 146.5 140.1 139.9 26.9 14.3 -0.2 -11.4 - North America 251.2 174.4 156.2 141.0 135.4 134.7 26.3 13.8 -0.5 -11.7 - Central-South America 5.7 8.1 9.3 5.5 4.7 5.2 0.6 0.5 9.0 -2.1 Asia and Pacific 57.7 64.6 71.1 66.7 72.4 64.3 6.1 6.6 -11.2 2.2 Europe 603.8 538.9 596.2 666.1 714.6 718.8 63.3 73.7 0.6 3.5 - European Union (15) 542.7 477.1 535.5 605.8 633.1 633.8 56.9 64.9 0.1 3.2 - New EU Members (12) 20.7 24.5 23.3 19.4 27.0 27.7 2.2 2.8 2.7 6.0 - Enlarged EU (27) 563.4 501.6 558.9 625.2 660.0 661.5 59.1 67.8 0.2 3.3 - Norway & Switzerland 20.9 21.3 21.1 21.9 23.2 26.2 2.2 2.7 12.9 4.6 - Other Europe 19.5 15.9 16.3 19.0 31.3 31.1 2.0 3.2 -0.7 9.8 Middle East 21.3 26.5 36.2 33.5 33.0 35.2 2.2 3.6 7.0 10.6 Africa 13.9 11.5 12.9 13.7 14.8 17.7 1.5 1.8 20.0 5.1 Other Countries 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.s. n.s. World Total 953.6 824.2 882.0 926.7 974.8 976.0 100.0 100.0 0.1 0.5 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.6 United Kingdom Imports of furniture excluding parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 508.3 609.1 846.5 1113.4 1390.4 1702.7 14.9 35.7 22.5 27.4 Italy 634.9 768.9 874.0 717.0 638.6 589.6 18.6 12.4 -7.7 -1.5 Germany 284.0 291.7 320.6 313.6 325.2 375.9 8.3 7.9 15.6 5.8 Vietnam 73.5 85.8 116.9 115.7 134.2 180.7 2.2 3.8 34.6 19.7 Poland 156.6 182.3 223.7 189.3 185.0 167.4 4.6 3.5 -9.5 1.3 Malaysia 190.1 174.6 169.9 166.0 161.7 153.9 5.6 3.2 -4.8 -4.1 Indonesia 115.7 106.1 124.9 115.0 130.5 124.2 3.4 2.6 -4.8 1.4 Denmark 145.4 160.6 174.9 147.7 115.8 121.5 4.3 2.5 4.9 -3.5 France 127.4 126.3 131.7 124.1 115.5 117.6 3.7 2.5 1.9 -1.6 Sweden 67.8 63.0 85.3 79.9 78.0 98.5 2.0 2.1 26.3 7.8 Top 10 2303.7 2568.4 3068.5 3081.5 3275.0 3631.9 67.6 76.2 10.9 9.5 Others 1106.1 1085.3 1241.8 1176.9 1242.3 1134.0 32.4 23.8 -8.7 0.5

Americas 182.9 163.7 195.8 217.1 247.6 196.7 5.4 4.1 -20.6 1.5 - North America 112.1 88.3 101.9 129.0 149.5 108.8 3.3 2.3 -27.2 -0.6 - Central-South America 70.8 75.3 94.0 88.1 98.2 87.9 2.1 1.8 -10.5 4.4 Asia and Pacific 1106.7 1180.7 1527.0 1755.8 2096.5 2458.9 32.5 51.6 17.3 17.3 Europe 2029.1 2235.1 2522.3 2238.0 2139.3 2085.5 59.5 43.8 -2.5 0.6 - European Union (15) 1617.8 1767.3 1975.2 1719.9 1596.2 1597.9 47.4 33.5 0.1 -0.2 - New EU Members (12) 339.5 391.6 466.5 435.1 461.1 395.2 10.0 8.3 -14.3 3.1 - Enlarged EU (27) 1957.4 2158.9 2441.7 2155.0 2057.4 1993.1 57.4 41.8 -3.1 0.4 - Norway & Switzerland 34.5 31.6 32.5 31.6 30.4 32.8 1.0 0.7 7.9 -1.0 - Other Europe 37.2 44.5 48.1 51.4 51.5 59.6 1.1 1.3 15.8 9.9 Middle East 9.3 7.9 8.0 10.2 14.5 9.8 0.3 0.2 -32.4 1.0 Africa 81.8 65.8 57.3 37.2 19.4 15.0 2.4 0.3 -22.7 -28.8 Other Countries 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.s. -34.9 World Total 3409.8 3653.7 4310.3 4258.4 4517.3 4765.9 100.0 100.0 5.5 6.9 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.7 United Kingdom Exports of furniture parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 24.9 23.9 29.1 26.9 36.8 49.0 13.3 22.3 33.3 14.5 Belgium 35.6 32.8 23.6 22.1 28.3 31.3 18.9 14.2 10.5 -2.5 France 17.6 12.6 8.9 9.0 22.5 28.9 9.4 13.2 28.7 10.4 Germany 24.2 22.2 17.7 17.5 15.4 16.8 12.9 7.6 8.7 -7.1 United States 15.6 13.0 14.0 12.4 13.3 14.2 8.3 6.4 6.3 -1.9 Italy 8.2 6.7 13.0 2.4 3.6 5.6 4.3 2.6 55.7 -7.2 Netherlands 8.0 6.6 8.3 7.6 6.9 5.4 4.2 2.5 -22.5 -7.5 Spain 10.3 16.1 11.3 6.9 7.5 5.3 5.5 2.4 -29.3 -12.3 Japan 3.6 1.7 0.9 0.9 1.3 4.7 1.9 2.1 n.s. 5.5 Sweden 5.1 4.3 2.6 4.0 3.4 4.2 2.7 1.9 24.7 -3.7 Top 10 153.0 139.9 129.6 109.8 139.1 165.4 81.4 75.3 18.9 1.6 Others 34.9 33.3 42.3 36.5 45.4 54.4 18.6 24.7 19.8 9.3

Americas 18.1 15.8 16.4 14.6 16.2 16.9 9.7 7.7 4.5 -1.4 - North America 17.1 15.1 15.4 13.4 14.9 15.5 9.1 7.1 4.2 -1.9 - Central-South America 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.6 0.6 7.6 5.1 Asia and Pacific 11.8 8.8 9.5 7.1 7.9 12.9 6.3 5.9 64.1 1.8 Europe 151.8 143.6 139.0 116.7 151.4 178.6 80.8 81.3 18.0 3.3 - European Union (15) 140.8 129.8 118.8 100.2 127.8 152.4 74.9 69.3 19.2 1.6 - New EU Members (12) 4.2 7.5 8.0 9.4 12.9 14.5 2.2 6.6 12.7 28.3 - Enlarged EU (27) 144.9 137.4 126.8 109.6 140.7 166.9 77.1 75.9 18.6 2.9 - Norway & Switzerland 5.1 4.3 4.0 2.9 3.5 3.4 2.7 1.6 -3.7 -7.7 - Other Europe 1.8 1.9 8.1 4.3 7.2 8.3 1.0 3.8 15.5 35.8 Middle East 3.9 3.2 5.2 5.9 7.8 9.3 2.1 4.2 19.3 18.9 Africa 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.2 2.0 1.2 0.9 68.2 -1.6 Other Countries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 187.9 173.2 171.8 146.2 184.5 219.8 100.0 100.0 19.1 3.2 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.8 United Kingdom Imports of furniture parts by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Italy 263.8 226.7 306.8 303.3 341.2 325.7 23.5 25.0 -4.5 4.3 Germany 135.7 139.6 154.1 187.8 192.0 217.5 12.1 16.7 13.3 9.9 Poland 43.0 50.3 33.7 23.0 69.2 109.5 3.8 8.4 58.2 20.5 Japan 24.2 48.1 53.9 55.6 61.3 75.9 2.2 5.8 23.7 25.7 China 24.2 23.9 40.4 42.6 49.5 74.7 2.2 5.7 51.0 25.2 Czech Republic 151.0 152.7 99.5 90.1 56.4 53.1 13.5 4.1 -5.8 -18.9 Austria 27.2 51.4 40.5 55.1 54.6 53.0 2.4 4.1 -2.9 14.3 United States 36.6 29.5 31.8 32.3 37.0 41.0 3.3 3.1 10.9 2.3 Spain 40.0 38.5 37.0 31.7 31.9 36.8 3.6 2.8 15.2 -1.6 Thailand 32.2 37.5 42.7 35.5 30.7 30.6 2.9 2.3 -0.3 -1.1 Top 10 777.9 798.2 840.5 857.1 923.8 1017.8 69.3 78.0 10.2 5.5 Others 343.9 295.6 293.4 290.9 315.5 286.9 30.7 22.0 -9.1 -3.6

Americas 61.3 45.6 43.4 42.0 48.7 48.2 5.5 3.7 -1.1 -4.7 - North America 41.8 32.2 33.5 34.1 39.3 44.3 3.7 3.4 12.8 1.2 - Central-South America 19.6 13.3 9.9 7.9 9.4 3.9 1.7 0.3 n.s. -27.7 Asia and Pacific 112.2 130.6 171.4 175.4 191.0 244.6 10.0 18.8 28.1 16.9 Europe 926.9 898.7 892.9 903.1 975.9 998.3 82.6 76.5 2.3 1.5 - European Union (15) 661.4 614.3 695.0 732.8 741.5 758.5 59.0 58.1 2.3 2.8 - New EU Members (12) 249.8 270.3 184.1 157.7 214.3 212.5 22.3 16.3 -0.8 -3.2 - Enlarged EU (27) 911.2 884.6 879.1 890.5 955.8 971.0 81.2 74.4 1.6 1.3 - Norway & Switzerland 9.5 8.2 4.4 2.4 4.2 4.3 0.8 0.3 0.4 -14.8 - Other Europe 6.2 5.9 9.5 10.2 15.8 23.0 0.6 1.8 45.4 29.8 Middle East 0.4 0.2 0.7 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.0 0.1 -25.1 13.9 Africa 21.0 18.1 25.4 26.0 22.6 12.7 1.9 1.0 -43.6 -9.5 Other Countries 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 1121.9 1093.8 1133.9 1148.0 1239.3 1304.7 100.0 100.0 5.3 3.1 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.9 United Kingdom Exports of upholstered furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 48.2 46.8 62.5 52.8 52.0 49.9 48.1 58.6 -4.1 0.7 France 6.0 5.3 5.7 4.4 4.3 4.8 6.0 5.7 12.7 -4.3 United States 1.7 4.1 4.0 5.4 4.9 4.2 1.7 4.9 -15.0 19.4 Netherlands 10.9 7.2 4.1 4.2 6.0 3.7 10.8 4.3 -39.1 -19.6 Germany 10.0 6.0 4.9 3.5 3.7 3.2 10.0 3.8 -13.1 -20.4 Italy 1.8 1.9 3.9 2.9 4.7 2.1 1.8 2.5 n.s. 3.0 Switzerland 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.0 2.3 6.8 13.6 Spain 2.6 2.9 2.4 3.2 2.4 1.7 2.6 2.0 -31.4 -8.5 Russia 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.5 1.3 1.5 0.3 1.7 15.4 33.9 Belgium 3.6 3.4 2.6 1.9 1.2 1.2 3.6 1.4 1.3 -19.7 Top 10 86.2 79.0 91.5 79.9 82.2 74.1 85.9 87.1 -9.9 -3.0 Others 14.1 13.6 12.5 11.3 17.1 11.0 14.1 12.9 -35.7 -4.9

Americas 1.9 5.1 4.9 5.7 6.0 4.7 1.9 5.5 -20.8 20.0 - North America 1.8 4.2 4.1 5.4 5.5 4.3 1.8 5.1 -21.6 19.3 - Central-South America 0.1 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.5 -10.9 30.3 Asia and Pacific 2.5 2.1 2.9 1.7 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 1.2 -1.4 Europe 95.0 83.4 94.9 81.2 89.6 75.7 94.7 89.0 -15.5 -4.4 - European Union (15) 90.3 78.4 91.3 75.8 77.6 69.7 90.0 81.9 -10.2 -5.0 - New EU Members (12) 2.5 2.7 1.5 2.6 6.7 1.9 2.5 2.2 n.s. -6.1 - Enlarged EU (27) 92.8 81.0 92.7 78.4 84.3 71.5 92.5 84.1 -15.2 -5.1 - Norway & Switzerland 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.3 1.6 2.7 6.0 6.9 - Other Europe 0.6 1.2 1.1 1.4 3.1 1.9 0.6 2.2 -39.6 27.0 Middle East 0.8 1.3 0.9 1.9 1.0 1.4 0.8 1.7 40.1 12.0 Africa 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.1 1.0 95.8 52.4 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 100.3 92.6 104.0 91.1 99.3 85.1 100.0 100.0 -14.4 -3.3 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.10 United Kingdom Imports of upholstered furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 84.2 120.6 242.9 376.2 438.4 515.3 12.8 46.0 17.5 43.7 Italy 321.8 450.6 526.4 389.3 339.9 280.0 48.8 25.0 -17.6 -2.7 Poland 39.1 46.2 59.7 52.0 49.8 41.9 5.9 3.7 -15.8 1.4 Thailand 12.9 12.6 12.7 30.7 41.3 37.5 2.0 3.4 -9.2 23.8 Germany 17.6 15.9 15.4 13.2 20.1 23.1 2.7 2.1 14.9 5.6 Denmark 14.1 12.9 14.9 20.4 17.2 22.7 2.1 2.0 32.0 10.1 Singapore 4.8 0.4 7.7 2.7 16.8 22.0 0.7 2.0 31.4 35.6 Belgium 57.9 36.9 30.9 21.3 22.8 21.2 8.8 1.9 -6.7 -18.2 Malaysia 12.2 10.2 14.4 19.6 25.6 19.0 1.8 1.7 -25.8 9.3 Romania 4.1 8.5 16.3 31.5 34.6 14.1 0.6 1.3 n.s. 28.1 Top 10 568.7 714.8 941.1 956.7 1006.5 996.9 86.1 89.0 -0.9 11.9 Others 91.5 101.0 118.5 134.5 162.9 122.7 13.9 11.0 -24.6 6.1

Americas 12.6 7.0 12.3 23.1 43.8 14.9 1.9 1.3 n.s. 3.3 - North America 10.3 5.6 9.7 18.8 37.9 13.8 1.6 1.2 n.s. 5.9 - Central-South America 2.3 1.5 2.7 4.3 5.9 1.1 0.3 0.1 n.s. -13.7 Asia and Pacific 125.9 157.1 294.4 449.1 541.6 622.7 19.1 55.6 15.0 37.7 Europe 519.4 647.3 746.8 615.7 581.5 480.1 78.7 42.9 -17.4 -1.6 - European Union (15) 447.1 559.4 639.4 494.7 450.7 386.0 67.7 34.5 -14.4 -2.9 - New EU Members (12) 53.2 69.3 91.0 97.5 104.4 76.8 8.1 6.9 -26.4 7.6 - Enlarged EU (27) 500.4 628.8 730.4 592.2 555.1 462.8 75.8 41.3 -16.6 -1.5 - Norway & Switzerland 18.0 15.7 12.8 17.2 18.9 10.7 2.7 1.0 -43.2 -9.8 - Other Europe 1.1 2.8 3.6 6.3 7.5 6.6 0.2 0.6 -12.6 42.2 Middle East 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.0 n.s. 4.4 Africa 1.8 4.1 5.8 3.2 2.2 1.6 0.3 0.1 -28.3 -3.0 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 660.2 815.8 1059.6 1091.2 1169.3 1119.7 100.0 100.0 -4.2 11.1 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.11 United Kingdom Exports of non-upholstered seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 12.4 8.7 12.0 17.8 20.6 23.1 30.2 31.2 12.3 13.4 United States 6.1 5.6 5.6 6.8 9.5 9.2 14.9 12.4 -3.3 8.7 France 1.7 2.2 2.8 3.1 7.8 8.3 4.3 11.2 6.7 36.7 Germany 2.5 1.8 2.3 4.6 3.9 3.9 6.1 5.3 1.3 9.4 Italy 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 2.7 3.6 1.4 4.8 31.6 43.9 Sweden 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.4 3.5 2.9 5.7 4.0 -15.2 4.6 Belgium 2.4 0.9 1.0 0.9 2.3 2.3 5.9 3.2 3.9 -0.5 Netherlands 2.1 1.2 1.5 1.3 2.1 2.1 5.1 2.8 0.3 0.0 Spain 0.7 0.5 1.0 5.2 2.4 1.9 1.7 2.5 -22.1 22.0 Norway 1.2 2.3 2.2 2.9 1.5 1.7 2.9 2.2 8.9 6.9 Top 10 32.0 26.4 32.1 46.9 56.3 59.1 78.3 79.6 5.0 13.1 Others 8.9 10.9 14.6 12.0 18.0 15.1 21.7 20.4 -16.1 11.2

Americas 6.6 6.6 8.9 7.7 10.0 10.0 16.2 13.4 -0.1 8.4 - North America 6.5 6.4 8.3 7.6 9.8 9.8 16.0 13.2 0.6 8.5 - Central-South America 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 -31.7 3.4 Asia and Pacific 1.3 2.7 2.2 1.2 3.5 3.1 3.3 4.1 -13.0 18.1 Europe 30.3 26.1 32.6 46.9 54.3 58.1 74.3 78.3 6.9 13.9 - European Union (15) 26.9 21.6 27.6 40.7 48.8 51.9 65.9 70.0 6.5 14.1 - New EU Members (12) 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.4 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 20.5 16.6 - Enlarged EU (27) 27.8 22.7 28.5 42.1 50.3 53.8 68.0 72.5 6.9 14.1 - Norway & Switzerland 1.6 2.8 3.1 3.7 2.4 2.7 4.0 3.7 15.4 11.2 - Other Europe 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.5 2.3 2.1 -6.3 10.0 Middle East 0.6 1.3 2.7 2.4 4.6 1.3 1.5 1.7 n.s. 15.4 Africa 1.9 0.6 0.4 0.7 1.9 1.8 4.7 2.5 -3.0 -1.1 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 40.8 37.3 46.7 58.9 74.3 74.2 100.0 100.0 -0.1 12.7 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.12 United Kingdom Imports of non-upholstered seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 115.2 149.3 160.8 163.9 187.4 230.0 29.4 49.2 22.7 14.8 Italy 50.6 52.5 72.0 68.0 66.4 35.6 12.9 7.6 -46.5 -6.8 Thailand 16.3 15.8 23.8 17.6 16.3 24.3 4.2 5.2 49.0 8.3 Vietnam 14.0 13.5 14.6 18.3 19.6 19.6 3.6 4.2 0.2 7.0 Indonesia 29.4 23.4 24.4 18.6 18.0 16.2 7.5 3.5 -10.3 -11.3 France 10.3 7.3 8.6 11.1 14.8 15.2 2.6 3.3 2.5 8.2 Malaysia 27.9 19.0 16.1 18.1 12.1 12.7 7.1 2.7 5.3 -14.5 Germany 13.8 13.3 17.1 13.6 19.3 10.9 3.5 2.3 -43.7 -4.6 Poland 10.9 9.4 10.6 8.0 8.0 10.4 2.8 2.2 29.3 -0.9 Norway 2.2 3.2 5.6 2.4 2.3 10.3 0.6 2.2 n.s. 36.2 Top 10 290.6 306.6 353.6 339.6 364.3 385.1 74.1 82.4 5.7 5.8 Others 101.4 93.0 109.0 90.5 90.7 82.3 25.9 17.6 -9.2 -4.1

Americas 10.5 8.0 10.4 7.8 11.7 12.5 2.7 2.7 6.2 3.5 - North America 8.8 6.6 7.2 5.4 9.2 11.0 2.2 2.4 19.9 4.6 - Central-South America 1.7 1.4 3.2 2.4 2.6 1.5 0.4 0.3 -42.5 -2.7 Asia and Pacific 219.0 237.7 261.1 256.2 273.6 319.8 55.9 68.4 16.9 7.9 Europe 153.2 146.1 178.0 159.5 164.8 132.7 39.1 28.4 -19.5 -2.8 - European Union (15) 102.2 95.4 129.6 125.6 129.8 88.7 26.1 19.0 -31.7 -2.8 - New EU Members (12) 34.8 35.9 31.3 24.2 26.2 26.1 8.9 5.6 -0.2 -5.6 - Enlarged EU (27) 137.0 131.3 160.9 149.8 156.0 114.9 35.0 24.6 -26.4 -3.5 - Norway & Switzerland 2.8 3.2 5.6 2.4 2.4 10.4 0.7 2.2 n.s. 29.9 - Other Europe 13.4 11.6 11.5 7.2 6.3 7.5 3.4 1.6 17.6 -11.1 Middle East 1.2 1.2 0.6 0.7 1.6 0.5 0.3 0.1 n.s. -16.9 Africa 8.0 6.5 12.4 5.9 3.3 2.0 2.0 0.4 -39.0 -24.3 Other Countries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 391.9 399.7 462.6 430.1 455.0 467.5 100.0 100.0 2.7 3.6 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.13 United Kingdom Exports of bedroom furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 27.1 27.5 34.8 36.0 43.4 43.6 71.1 76.6 0.6 10.0 United States 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.6 1.9 2.5 5.2 4.3 27.2 4.4 Nigeria 0.1 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.7 1.5 0.2 2.6 n.s. 80.5 Spain 0.5 0.3 2.0 0.6 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.8 -38.3 17.1 United Arab Emirates 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.9 0.3 1.5 17.3 49.2 Greece 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 1.4 59.2 41.8 Hong Kong 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.1 1.1 56.1 70.5 Pakistan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.0 1.1 n.s. n.c. France 1.4 1.3 2.2 0.9 0.4 0.6 3.6 1.0 53.3 -16.7 Russia 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 n.s. 29.0 Top 10 31.4 31.4 42.4 41.3 50.1 52.5 82.4 92.1 4.7 10.8 Others 6.7 5.9 11.2 7.1 6.5 4.5 17.6 7.9 -30.5 -7.6

Americas 2.2 1.9 2.5 2.1 2.0 2.8 5.6 4.8 34.7 5.1 - North America 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.5 5.3 4.4 28.2 4.6 - Central-South America 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 n.s. 11.1 Asia and Pacific 0.8 1.3 1.7 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.0 3.8 10.8 23.9 Europe 34.3 33.1 45.5 42.1 50.3 49.3 90.1 86.6 -2.0 7.5 - European Union (15) 32.8 32.0 44.2 40.4 48.7 47.5 86.0 83.4 -2.4 7.7 - New EU Members (12) 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.2 0.8 -21.8 0.6 - Enlarged EU (27) 33.2 32.4 44.6 40.9 49.3 48.0 87.1 84.2 -2.6 7.6 - Norway & Switzerland 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 2.1 1.1 15.1 -5.5 - Other Europe 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.3 41.6 18.8 Middle East 0.6 0.6 2.8 0.4 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.8 3.1 12.5 Africa 0.3 0.3 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.7 0.8 2.9 32.6 39.3 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 38.1 37.3 53.6 48.3 56.6 57.0 100.0 100.0 0.7 8.4 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.14 United Kingdom Imports of bedroom furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 19.8 29.2 44.5 62.0 106.1 145.7 6.3 25.8 37.3 49.0 Germany 44.3 55.4 56.9 46.4 42.5 49.6 14.0 8.8 16.9 2.3 Malaysia 11.8 12.6 16.2 22.4 30.6 43.4 3.7 7.7 41.7 29.7 Italy 22.7 33.5 35.2 30.8 35.9 41.7 7.2 7.4 16.2 13.0 Vietnam 6.4 8.3 19.9 19.0 22.9 40.1 2.0 7.1 74.9 44.3 Denmark 34.1 55.2 79.7 56.7 42.9 33.8 10.8 6.0 -21.3 -0.1 Brazil 35.1 37.2 39.6 37.0 31.4 33.7 11.1 6.0 7.5 -0.8 Poland 15.9 18.9 31.7 31.0 31.8 22.9 5.0 4.1 -27.9 7.6 Lithuania 4.6 7.6 16.6 18.7 23.3 19.6 1.5 3.5 -16.0 33.6 Indonesia 6.8 6.4 9.3 9.8 13.2 18.7 2.1 3.3 42.2 22.6 Top 10 201.5 264.2 349.7 333.7 380.6 449.2 63.7 79.5 18.0 17.4 Others 114.9 115.7 130.1 121.4 120.6 115.5 36.3 20.5 -4.3 0.1

Americas 41.0 43.9 45.6 40.7 34.1 36.5 12.9 6.5 7.2 -2.3 - North America 5.6 6.4 5.9 3.6 2.6 2.7 1.8 0.5 6.7 -13.2 - Central-South America 35.4 37.5 39.7 37.1 31.5 33.8 11.2 6.0 7.2 -0.9 Asia and Pacific 51.2 61.9 96.7 122.5 190.4 262.1 16.2 46.4 37.6 38.6 Europe 208.6 268.4 333.5 289.3 271.4 262.6 65.9 46.5 -3.2 4.7 - European Union (15) 164.3 220.2 261.2 205.0 180.0 186.4 51.9 33.0 3.6 2.6 - New EU Members (12) 41.6 45.6 70.7 79.7 88.0 72.4 13.1 12.8 -17.7 11.7 - Enlarged EU (27) 205.9 265.8 331.9 284.7 267.9 258.8 65.1 45.8 -3.4 4.7 - Norway & Switzerland 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 74.8 6.5 - Other Europe 2.6 2.5 1.6 3.8 3.4 3.7 0.8 0.7 8.7 7.2 Middle East 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.5 3.9 1.7 0.3 0.3 n.s. 14.7 Africa 14.8 5.2 3.4 2.0 1.4 1.8 4.7 0.3 27.5 -34.4 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 316.5 379.9 479.8 455.1 501.2 564.7 100.0 100.0 12.7 12.3 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.15 United Kingdom Exports of kitchen furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 France 27.8 25.7 28.5 38.6 27.1 28.4 44.1 36.8 4.6 0.4 Ireland 10.3 11.8 14.5 32.3 33.5 26.8 16.2 34.7 -20.0 21.1 United States 10.9 8.4 9.5 9.3 6.9 9.3 17.2 12.1 34.5 -3.1 Belgium 2.7 2.3 2.9 1.9 2.8 2.1 4.3 2.7 -25.5 -5.1 Russia 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.7 0.8 2.2 n.s. 27.6 Norway 0.7 1.3 1.4 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.5 -41.1 9.5 Spain 0.7 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.5 -4.1 11.9 Malaysia 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.8 68.3 61.5 United Arab Emirates 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.8 n.s. 20.0 Portugal 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.8 -20.2 21.5 Top 10 54.1 50.7 58.6 85.3 75.3 72.4 85.7 93.9 -3.9 6.0 Others 9.1 5.7 4.8 4.8 5.9 4.7 14.3 6.1 -21.2 -12.4

Americas 11.2 9.1 9.8 9.9 7.2 9.8 17.7 12.7 34.9 -2.6 - North America 10.9 8.8 9.7 9.6 7.0 9.6 17.2 12.5 37.4 -2.5 - Central-South America 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 -33.6 -10.1 Asia and Pacific 1.2 0.7 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.2 34.2 8.0 Europe 49.3 45.5 50.6 77.4 71.4 63.8 78.1 82.9 -10.6 5.3 - European Union (15) 45.2 42.4 48.4 75.5 68.1 60.1 71.6 78.0 -11.8 5.8 - New EU Members (12) 1.0 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 1.6 0.5 n.s. -19.3 - Enlarged EU (27) 46.2 43.1 48.6 75.6 68.3 60.4 73.2 78.4 -11.5 5.5 - Norway & Switzerland 0.9 1.8 1.7 1.4 2.4 1.4 1.3 1.8 -41.0 10.9 - Other Europe 2.2 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 2.0 3.6 2.6 n.s. -2.5 Middle East 1.2 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.8 1.9 64.2 4.3 Africa 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 -37.8 -2.2 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 63.2 56.4 63.4 90.1 81.3 77.0 100.0 100.0 -5.2 4.1 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.16 United Kingdom Imports of kitchen furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Germany 52.9 58.2 76.5 81.8 88.6 90.7 43.5 39.5 2.3 11.4 Italy 41.1 44.8 39.2 41.5 43.1 76.5 33.8 33.3 77.4 13.2 Hong Kong 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.7 16.1 0.0 7.0 n.s. n.s. Sweden 0.7 0.4 4.0 5.5 3.4 7.1 0.6 3.1 n.s. 58.7 China 2.6 2.0 1.4 3.1 5.3 6.9 2.1 3.0 30.6 21.8 France 3.9 5.3 4.7 5.3 5.2 4.7 3.2 2.1 -9.0 3.9 United States 0.3 1.1 1.6 2.1 1.3 3.9 0.2 1.7 n.s. 70.5 Spain 1.2 0.6 0.9 2.7 4.8 3.8 1.0 1.6 -21.2 25.4 Belgium 3.8 5.1 5.3 4.1 3.8 2.8 3.1 1.2 -27.9 -5.9 Denmark 2.7 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.4 2.7 2.2 1.2 n.s. 0.2 Top 10 109.2 119.6 136.0 147.8 159.6 215.3 89.8 93.8 34.9 14.5 Others 12.4 10.6 7.8 7.8 9.3 14.3 10.2 6.2 54.0 2.9

Americas 0.6 1.4 1.8 2.4 1.5 4.0 0.5 1.7 n.s. 47.1 - North America 0.5 1.3 1.7 2.3 1.3 4.0 0.4 1.7 n.s. 53.7 - Central-South America 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 n.s. -22.9 Asia and Pacific 5.3 4.1 4.5 5.1 11.4 27.6 4.4 12.0 n.s. 39.0 Europe 115.2 123.3 137.2 147.4 154.9 197.4 94.7 86.0 27.4 11.4 - European Union (15) 112.8 121.0 135.3 145.8 153.0 192.2 92.8 83.7 25.6 11.2 - New EU Members (12) 2.0 1.7 1.0 0.6 1.4 4.1 1.6 1.8 n.s. 15.3 - Enlarged EU (27) 114.8 122.7 136.3 146.3 154.4 196.3 94.4 85.5 27.2 11.3 - Norway & Switzerland 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 35.6 -1.8 - Other Europe 0.3 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.5 n.s. 31.3 Middle East 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.2 -46.2 77.4 Africa 0.5 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.1 -29.8 -21.9 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 121.6 130.2 143.8 155.7 168.8 229.6 100.0 100.0 36.0 13.6 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.17 United Kingdom Exports of office furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 35.1 33.5 36.9 56.0 54.8 55.0 18.4 25.1 0.2 9.4 United States 39.5 20.0 26.2 26.3 31.4 34.9 20.7 15.9 11.0 -2.4 Netherlands 13.4 12.7 10.6 14.1 14.7 16.8 7.0 7.7 14.8 4.7 Germany 20.3 13.5 13.5 12.7 13.9 16.5 10.6 7.5 18.7 -4.0 France 17.1 13.4 14.4 14.0 15.4 14.0 9.0 6.4 -9.1 -3.9 Italy 7.3 4.6 5.5 6.0 7.4 7.4 3.8 3.4 -0.9 0.2 United Arab Emirates 1.4 1.3 1.9 2.0 3.7 6.7 0.8 3.0 80.3 36.1 Spain 4.6 4.2 4.8 4.9 6.3 6.4 2.4 2.9 2.7 7.1 Belgium 3.3 2.1 2.1 1.8 4.6 4.4 1.7 2.0 -4.8 6.0 Hong Kong 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.6 2.3 3.6 1.1 1.7 57.3 12.2 Top 10 144.0 107.1 117.6 140.6 154.6 165.8 75.6 75.7 7.2 2.8 Others 46.6 51.5 60.7 56.2 61.2 53.2 24.4 24.3 -13.1 2.7

Americas 41.1 21.6 27.7 28.2 34.0 36.6 21.5 16.7 7.7 -2.3 - North America 40.1 20.5 26.8 27.1 32.7 35.6 21.0 16.2 8.8 -2.4 - Central-South America 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.5 0.5 -19.7 0.6 Asia and Pacific 16.9 21.1 22.7 22.1 25.0 19.3 8.8 8.8 -22.9 2.7 Europe 124.2 106.8 109.5 130.3 139.6 143.9 65.2 65.7 3.1 3.0 - European Union (15) 108.8 91.0 94.3 116.6 124.4 128.0 57.1 58.4 2.9 3.3 - New EU Members (12) 6.9 6.2 5.3 5.4 4.5 3.9 3.6 1.8 -12.7 -10.9 - Enlarged EU (27) 115.8 97.2 99.6 122.0 128.9 131.9 60.7 60.2 2.3 2.6 - Norway & Switzerland 4.5 4.8 4.4 3.9 4.3 4.7 2.4 2.2 8.9 0.9 - Other Europe 3.9 4.8 5.5 4.4 6.4 7.3 2.1 3.3 13.8 13.2 Middle East 5.2 5.5 14.6 12.2 12.2 14.6 2.8 6.7 19.3 22.7 Africa 3.2 3.4 3.9 4.0 5.1 4.7 1.7 2.1 -8.7 7.6 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.s. n.s. World Total 190.6 158.5 178.4 196.9 215.8 218.9 100.0 100.0 1.4 2.8 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.18 United Kingdom Imports of office furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 13.3 24.4 36.6 52.2 83.0 90.7 4.1 22.1 9.3 46.9 Germany 54.4 47.3 48.4 52.6 52.1 58.9 16.8 14.3 13.0 1.6 Italy 72.0 58.4 47.8 42.1 48.3 41.8 22.2 10.2 -13.5 -10.3 Sweden 28.2 23.8 30.0 25.0 28.3 29.5 8.7 7.2 4.1 0.9 France 18.1 17.3 30.7 26.5 21.3 26.8 5.6 6.5 25.6 8.2 United States 19.5 14.9 18.6 36.7 41.6 19.1 6.0 4.7 n.s. -0.4 Denmark 24.8 24.0 14.9 13.0 14.8 14.1 7.6 3.4 -4.6 -10.6 Netherlands 14.9 21.7 11.9 15.5 16.9 13.9 4.6 3.4 -17.8 -1.4 Austria 8.9 6.8 7.4 8.8 10.7 13.0 2.7 3.2 21.3 8.0 Canada 8.8 2.6 2.7 5.9 11.8 11.8 2.7 2.9 0.1 6.0 Top 10 262.9 241.1 249.0 278.2 329.0 319.7 81.0 77.8 -2.8 4.0 Others 61.5 60.8 78.2 82.4 87.9 91.0 19.0 22.2 3.5 8.2

Americas 28.6 17.8 21.5 43.4 53.6 31.3 8.8 7.6 -41.6 1.8 - North America 28.4 17.4 21.3 42.6 53.4 31.0 8.7 7.5 -42.0 1.8 - Central-South America 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 91.0 11.3 Asia and Pacific 31.2 43.0 66.1 71.0 104.2 109.6 9.6 26.7 5.2 28.6 Europe 263.1 238.5 237.7 243.4 255.6 267.9 81.1 65.2 4.8 0.4 - European Union (15) 238.8 215.9 214.5 214.6 224.3 229.3 73.6 55.8 2.2 -0.8 - New EU Members (12) 19.0 12.5 12.1 15.2 17.6 20.9 5.8 5.1 18.9 2.0 - Enlarged EU (27) 257.7 228.4 226.6 229.7 241.9 250.3 79.5 60.9 3.4 -0.6 - Norway & Switzerland 4.2 3.9 3.2 2.9 2.6 5.0 1.3 1.2 92.4 3.7 - Other Europe 1.1 6.1 7.9 10.8 11.0 12.7 0.4 3.1 14.6 61.7 Middle East 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.6 2.2 1.4 0.3 0.3 -35.5 5.3 Africa 0.5 0.8 0.6 1.2 1.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 n.s. 0.3 Other Countries 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 324.3 301.8 327.3 360.7 416.9 410.7 100.0 100.0 -1.5 4.8 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.19 United Kingdom Exports of furniture for dining and living rooms by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 29.8 34.1 45.0 48.1 55.6 55.1 28.7 52.8 -0.8 13.1 United States 26.6 28.6 24.8 21.3 19.0 18.5 25.5 17.7 -2.8 -7.0 Switzerland 1.4 1.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 3.2 1.3 3.0 46.1 18.4 Germany 7.3 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.6 2.5 7.0 2.4 -6.3 -19.5 Japan 3.8 3.5 4.8 4.3 6.3 2.5 3.7 2.4 n.s. -8.5 France 8.6 5.7 3.2 2.4 2.2 2.3 8.3 2.2 1.6 -23.4 Turkey 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.8 1.0 1.6 0.1 1.5 64.5 62.6 Netherlands 5.1 3.5 3.1 2.7 1.8 1.5 4.9 1.4 -20.2 -22.0 Spain 1.1 1.7 7.3 9.0 2.0 1.3 1.1 1.3 -34.2 2.7 Cape Verde 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.0 n.c. n.s. Top 10 83.9 81.3 93.6 93.7 92.8 89.4 80.7 85.6 -3.6 1.3 Others 20.1 19.9 22.5 16.7 16.7 15.1 19.3 14.4 -9.4 -5.5

Americas 28.2 32.0 28.1 24.2 20.9 20.3 27.1 19.4 -2.6 -6.3 - North America 27.3 29.8 25.8 22.9 19.6 19.3 26.3 18.4 -2.0 -6.8 - Central-South America 0.8 2.3 2.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.8 1.0 -12.8 4.6 Asia and Pacific 7.9 8.0 10.0 7.4 9.4 5.5 7.6 5.3 -41.5 -6.9 Europe 64.7 58.2 72.3 75.1 75.2 73.4 62.3 70.2 -2.4 2.5 - European Union (15) 58.5 52.5 66.5 69.3 68.6 65.3 56.2 62.5 -4.9 2.2 - New EU Members (12) 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.8 -42.0 -5.9 - Enlarged EU (27) 59.5 54.2 68.1 70.6 70.0 66.1 57.3 63.2 -5.6 2.1 - Norway & Switzerland 3.6 2.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 4.2 3.5 4.0 55.3 3.2 - Other Europe 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.9 2.5 3.1 1.6 3.0 23.3 13.8 Middle East 2.2 2.0 3.5 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.9 -17.6 -1.7 Africa 0.9 0.9 2.2 1.2 1.5 3.3 0.9 3.1 n.s. 28.7 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.s. World Total 104.0 101.2 116.1 110.5 109.4 104.5 100.0 100.0 -4.5 0.1 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.20 United Kingdom Imports of furniture for dining and living rooms by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 63.4 75.9 83.4 105.2 156.3 182.9 10.5 27.7 17.0 23.6 Poland 31.5 32.8 52.4 48.5 47.5 47.5 5.2 7.2 0.1 8.6 Italy 61.6 62.4 70.8 53.0 41.6 46.9 10.2 7.1 12.9 -5.3 Vietnam 21.3 22.8 25.6 28.0 32.9 42.9 3.5 6.5 30.4 15.0 Malaysia 63.6 61.1 44.6 43.8 39.9 34.0 10.5 5.2 -14.8 -11.8 Germany 30.0 30.3 30.3 24.9 22.4 26.9 5.0 4.1 19.9 -2.2 Brazil 5.4 9.4 12.5 11.9 24.8 24.2 0.9 3.7 -2.2 34.9 India 18.8 17.6 18.7 14.2 16.1 21.8 3.1 3.3 35.1 3.0 Indonesia 27.0 22.2 21.8 20.0 19.9 21.1 4.5 3.2 6.0 -4.9 France 29.3 29.4 26.4 20.4 21.7 21.0 4.8 3.2 -2.9 -6.4 Top 10 352.0 363.8 386.5 369.8 423.1 469.3 58.2 71.1 10.9 5.9 Others 252.7 238.3 273.4 216.3 194.6 190.4 41.8 28.9 -2.2 -5.5

Americas 17.6 16.5 18.5 17.8 36.1 35.5 2.9 5.4 -1.7 15.1 - North America 8.2 5.3 4.6 4.9 4.9 6.7 1.4 1.0 36.8 -3.9 - Central-South America 9.3 11.2 14.0 12.9 31.2 28.7 1.5 4.4 -7.8 25.2 Asia and Pacific 234.3 229.5 237.1 246.8 297.6 331.5 38.7 50.2 11.4 7.2 Europe 338.5 347.1 394.3 314.8 278.3 287.2 56.0 43.5 3.2 -3.2 - European Union (15) 252.0 251.5 259.5 191.5 156.9 162.0 41.7 24.6 3.2 -8.5 - New EU Members (12) 76.2 82.1 121.2 109.3 108.9 110.5 12.6 16.7 1.5 7.7 - Enlarged EU (27) 328.1 333.6 380.7 300.8 265.8 272.5 54.3 41.3 2.5 -3.6 - Norway & Switzerland 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.2 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.2 62.7 -0.4 - Other Europe 9.2 12.2 11.6 12.9 11.8 13.6 1.5 2.1 15.0 8.1 Middle East 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 0.1 n.s. -3.1 Africa 13.9 8.6 9.3 5.5 4.9 5.2 2.3 0.8 6.0 -17.9 Other Countries 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.s. n.s. World Total 604.7 602.2 659.9 586.2 617.7 659.7 100.0 100.0 6.8 1.8 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.21 United Kingdom Exports of other furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 57.2 50.2 67.7 89.6 94.0 105.6 13.7 29.4 12.4 13.1 United States 158.2 99.0 76.7 63.8 56.7 51.7 38.0 14.4 -8.9 -20.1 Germany 39.6 32.8 26.1 23.7 28.6 29.3 9.5 8.2 2.5 -5.8 France 16.6 18.2 16.6 17.2 19.6 15.0 4.0 4.2 -23.2 -1.9 Spain 11.6 11.2 11.4 10.4 11.6 12.3 2.8 3.4 6.2 1.2 Netherlands 17.1 11.6 9.2 9.9 8.3 11.5 4.1 3.2 39.2 -7.6 South Korea 2.3 3.9 6.6 9.0 8.5 9.1 0.5 2.5 6.6 31.9 Italy 11.2 11.2 8.6 9.8 9.3 8.4 2.7 2.3 -9.7 -5.6 Belgium 6.0 8.6 7.6 8.4 9.0 8.2 1.4 2.3 -8.0 6.7 Japan 13.7 12.3 13.5 11.2 10.0 8.0 3.3 2.2 -20.6 -10.3 Top 10 333.4 258.9 244.0 253.1 255.5 259.1 80.0 72.1 1.4 -4.9 Others 83.2 82.0 75.9 77.8 82.6 100.2 20.0 27.9 21.3 3.8

Americas 165.8 106.1 83.6 68.7 60.1 55.8 39.8 15.5 -7.2 -19.6 - North America 162.5 103.2 79.5 66.7 58.8 53.6 39.0 14.9 -8.8 -19.9 - Central-South America 3.2 2.9 4.1 2.0 1.3 2.1 0.8 0.6 69.0 -8.0 Asia and Pacific 27.2 28.6 30.5 30.9 28.9 30.2 6.5 8.4 4.5 2.1 Europe 205.8 185.9 190.8 213.1 234.1 254.7 49.4 70.9 8.8 4.4 - European Union (15) 180.3 159.2 163.4 187.5 196.9 211.4 43.3 58.8 7.3 3.2 - New EU Members (12) 7.8 11.9 13.4 8.2 12.1 18.5 1.9 5.1 52.7 18.9 - Enlarged EU (27) 188.0 171.1 176.8 195.6 209.0 229.8 45.1 64.0 10.0 4.1 - Norway & Switzerland 7.9 8.2 7.4 8.2 8.7 10.2 1.9 2.8 17.6 5.3 - Other Europe 9.9 6.5 6.7 9.2 16.4 14.6 2.4 4.1 -11.0 8.1 Middle East 10.7 14.7 10.4 13.4 10.8 13.5 2.6 3.7 24.6 4.7 Africa 7.0 5.4 4.5 4.7 4.2 5.2 1.7 1.4 23.4 -6.0 Other Countries 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 416.6 340.9 319.9 330.9 338.1 359.3 100.0 100.0 6.3 -2.9 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.22 United Kingdom Imports of other furniture by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 China 209.8 207.8 276.9 350.8 413.9 531.2 21.2 40.4 28.4 20.4 Germany 70.9 71.4 76.0 81.3 80.2 115.8 7.2 8.8 44.5 10.3 Italy 65.1 66.7 82.7 92.4 63.4 67.1 6.6 5.1 5.9 0.6 Vietnam 29.1 37.7 50.0 44.8 51.6 64.3 2.9 4.9 24.7 17.2 Indonesia 47.9 50.3 64.6 61.0 73.4 62.3 4.8 4.7 -15.2 5.4 Malaysia 69.6 65.4 69.8 54.8 46.5 40.4 7.0 3.1 -13.1 -10.3 Sweden 16.7 20.3 21.9 27.2 26.5 38.0 1.7 2.9 43.6 17.9 Taiwan 35.5 37.1 48.3 42.7 38.1 38.0 3.6 2.9 -0.4 1.4 Poland 45.7 68.8 61.9 41.0 40.2 34.1 4.6 2.6 -15.3 -5.7 Spain 38.8 46.4 59.1 51.0 47.6 32.9 3.9 2.5 -30.8 -3.2 Top 10 629.1 671.9 811.1 846.8 881.3 1024.2 63.5 77.9 16.2 10.2 Others 361.6 352.2 366.3 332.7 306.9 289.8 36.5 22.1 -5.6 -4.3

Americas 72.1 69.0 85.5 81.8 66.8 62.1 7.3 4.7 -7.1 -2.9 - North America 50.3 45.6 51.5 51.4 40.1 39.6 5.1 3.0 -1.2 -4.7 - Central-South America 21.8 23.3 34.1 30.4 26.7 22.5 2.2 1.7 -15.8 0.6 Asia and Pacific 439.8 447.4 567.1 605.0 677.7 785.7 44.4 59.8 15.9 12.3 Europe 431.0 464.4 494.7 468.0 432.8 457.5 43.5 34.8 5.7 1.2 - European Union (15) 300.7 303.9 335.7 342.9 301.4 353.2 30.3 26.9 17.2 3.3 - New EU Members (12) 112.7 144.5 139.2 108.7 114.8 84.3 11.4 6.4 -26.5 -5.6 - Enlarged EU (27) 413.3 448.4 474.9 451.6 416.2 437.6 41.7 33.3 5.1 1.1 - Norway & Switzerland 8.3 7.3 8.8 7.1 5.7 5.4 0.8 0.4 -5.8 -8.2 - Other Europe 9.4 8.8 11.0 9.4 10.9 14.6 1.0 1.1 34.1 9.1 Middle East 5.3 3.9 4.4 5.3 4.9 4.9 0.5 0.4 -1.3 -1.7 Africa 42.4 39.3 25.7 19.3 6.1 3.8 4.3 0.3 -36.8 -38.2 Other Countries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 990.6 1024.1 1177.4 1179.5 1188.2 1314.0 100.0 100.0 10.6 5.8 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.23 United Kingdom Exports of furniture parts excluding parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Ireland 21.9 22.4 27.6 25.3 34.6 46.9 22.3 35.9 35.7 16.5 France 8.5 6.1 4.8 4.1 12.4 14.5 8.7 11.1 17.6 11.4 United States 10.3 7.8 8.8 9.3 9.2 11.3 10.5 8.6 22.6 1.8 Germany 11.9 8.9 6.7 8.8 6.9 7.6 12.1 5.8 11.2 -8.5 Netherlands 5.4 5.3 7.1 6.4 5.9 4.9 5.5 3.7 -17.0 -1.9 Belgium 3.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.0 3.2 3.4 2.4 -20.3 -1.2 Italy 3.2 2.4 11.1 1.7 1.7 3.0 3.3 2.3 76.1 -1.4 Gibraltar 0.1 0.7 1.3 1.1 2.5 2.9 0.1 2.2 13.4 81.3 Spain 1.7 3.5 3.7 2.8 3.4 2.6 1.7 2.0 -23.4 9.0 United Arab Emirates 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.9 1.5 2.6 1.1 2.0 71.8 18.5 Top 10 67.5 60.5 75.0 63.6 82.0 99.5 68.9 76.1 21.3 8.1 Others 30.5 25.3 26.2 24.5 27.2 31.2 31.1 23.9 14.9 0.5

Americas 12.2 9.2 10.1 10.6 10.3 12.6 12.4 9.6 22.1 0.6 - North America 11.7 8.8 9.6 9.7 10.0 11.9 11.9 9.1 19.1 0.3 - Central-South America 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 n.s. 6.6 Asia and Pacific 8.9 6.5 7.1 5.4 4.6 6.3 9.1 4.8 36.8 -6.7 Europe 71.5 65.3 77.4 64.5 85.7 101.4 72.9 77.6 18.3 7.2 - European Union (15) 61.9 55.7 68.2 56.5 72.9 89.3 63.1 68.3 22.4 7.6 - New EU Members (12) 3.0 3.8 2.7 2.2 3.4 2.6 3.1 2.0 -24.7 -3.3 - Enlarged EU (27) 64.9 59.5 70.9 58.7 76.3 91.8 66.2 70.3 20.3 7.2 - Norway & Switzerland 4.8 3.9 3.3 2.5 3.0 2.9 4.9 2.2 -1.8 -9.5 - Other Europe 1.8 1.8 3.2 3.3 6.4 6.6 1.8 5.1 3.6 30.1 Middle East 3.7 3.1 4.9 5.8 7.4 8.6 3.8 6.6 15.3 18.3 Africa 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.4 64.7 1.4 Other Countries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 98.1 85.7 101.2 88.1 109.2 130.7 100.0 100.0 19.7 5.9 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.24 United Kingdom Imports of furniture parts excluding parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Italy 238.8 195.7 273.8 269.0 301.0 292.6 45.6 43.5 -2.8 4.1 Germany 51.8 44.2 50.5 54.5 56.9 78.1 9.9 11.6 37.2 8.6 China 14.4 14.8 28.3 28.7 35.1 56.6 2.8 8.4 61.3 31.5 Austria 25.6 47.9 33.2 45.4 41.6 51.4 4.9 7.6 23.6 15.0 Sweden 21.9 18.5 24.0 25.7 14.7 21.0 4.2 3.1 42.7 -0.9 Denmark 24.9 22.7 23.0 20.8 24.5 20.2 4.7 3.0 -17.4 -4.0 Poland 10.0 10.3 12.1 10.8 16.3 17.7 1.9 2.6 9.0 12.1 Taiwan 8.3 8.1 10.2 12.0 13.3 17.0 1.6 2.5 27.3 15.5 Belgium 16.3 12.5 12.1 12.5 12.6 13.6 3.1 2.0 8.1 -3.5 United States 18.4 15.3 12.3 12.2 10.0 12.3 3.5 1.8 23.1 -7.7 Top 10 430.4 389.9 479.7 491.4 526.0 580.5 82.2 86.4 10.4 6.2 Others 93.5 76.1 81.2 88.6 80.5 91.6 17.8 13.6 13.8 -0.4

Americas 22.8 17.5 13.5 14.3 12.2 15.4 4.4 2.3 25.6 -7.6 - North America 22.7 17.3 13.3 13.5 12.1 15.2 4.3 2.3 26.2 -7.7 - Central-South America 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 -11.6 -0.6 Asia and Pacific 34.5 28.9 53.3 56.8 61.8 87.9 6.6 13.1 42.2 20.6 Europe 461.4 411.9 488.1 506.5 531.8 568.1 88.1 84.5 6.8 4.3 - European Union (15) 420.5 375.9 447.6 464.0 479.7 509.3 80.3 75.8 6.2 3.9 - New EU Members (12) 31.0 27.8 35.2 37.2 40.5 43.7 5.9 6.5 8.1 7.1 - Enlarged EU (27) 451.6 403.7 482.7 501.2 520.1 553.0 86.2 82.3 6.3 4.1 - Norway & Switzerland 6.2 6.2 3.2 1.9 3.5 3.1 1.2 0.5 -11.3 -13.1 - Other Europe 3.6 2.0 2.2 3.4 8.1 12.0 0.7 1.8 47.6 27.2 Middle East 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.1 42.6 33.2 Africa 5.1 7.0 5.8 1.9 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.0 n.s. n.s. Other Countries 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 523.9 466.0 560.9 580.0 606.5 672.1 100.0 100.0 10.8 5.1 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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Table 6.25 United Kingdom Exports of parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Belgium 32.2 30.6 21.5 20.1 24.3 28.1 35.9 31.6 15.6 -2.7 France 9.1 6.5 4.1 4.9 10.1 14.4 10.2 16.2 42.3 9.6 Germany 12.3 13.3 11.0 8.7 8.6 9.2 13.7 10.3 6.6 -5.8 Japan 1.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 3.7 2.0 4.1 n.s. 15.5 Lithuania 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.4 0.0 3.8 74.1 n.c. Poland 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.2 3.2 0.2 3.6 n.s. 87.9 United States 5.3 5.2 5.2 3.1 4.1 2.9 5.9 3.2 -30.0 -11.3 Spain 8.6 12.7 7.6 4.0 4.1 2.7 9.6 3.1 -34.1 -20.5 Italy 4.9 4.2 1.9 0.7 1.9 2.6 5.5 2.9 37.3 -12.0 Sweden 3.4 3.1 1.2 1.7 1.5 2.5 3.8 2.8 65.9 -5.9 Top 10 77.7 76.6 53.5 44.1 58.0 72.7 86.6 81.6 25.3 -1.3 Others 12.1 10.8 17.2 14.0 17.3 16.4 13.4 18.4 -5.2 6.3

Americas 5.9 6.6 6.3 4.0 5.9 4.3 6.6 4.8 -26.5 -6.2 - North America 5.3 6.3 5.9 3.7 4.9 3.6 5.9 4.0 -26.5 -7.7 - Central-South America 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 -26.4 3.8 Asia and Pacific 2.9 2.2 2.4 1.6 3.3 6.6 3.2 7.4 n.s. 18.0 Europe 80.3 78.4 61.6 52.3 65.7 77.2 89.4 86.7 17.5 -0.8 - European Union (15) 78.9 74.1 50.6 43.7 54.9 63.1 87.9 70.9 15.0 -4.4 - New EU Members (12) 1.1 3.8 5.3 7.2 9.5 11.9 1.3 13.4 26.1 60.4 - Enlarged EU (27) 80.0 77.9 55.9 50.9 64.4 75.0 89.1 84.3 16.6 -1.3 - Norway & Switzerland 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 -14.0 14.9 - Other Europe 0.0 0.0 4.9 1.0 0.8 1.7 0.0 1.9 n.s. n.s. Middle East 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.8 n.s. 30.0 Africa 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.2 n.s. -15.8 Other Countries 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 89.8 87.5 70.6 58.1 75.3 89.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 -0.2 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

Table 6.26 United Kingdom Imports of parts of seats by country and by geographical area, 2002-2007 EUR million % share Annual % changes 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2002 2007 2007/06 Aver. 02-07 Germany 84.0 95.5 103.6 133.3 135.1 139.5 14.0 22.0 3.3 10.7 Poland 33.0 40.0 21.6 12.2 52.9 91.7 5.5 14.5 73.3 22.7 Japan 23.8 48.0 53.8 55.5 61.0 75.3 4.0 11.9 23.5 26.0 Czech Republic 147.4 151.0 97.7 88.1 55.0 47.8 24.6 7.6 -13.1 -20.2 Italy 25.0 31.0 33.0 34.3 40.2 33.1 4.2 5.2 -17.5 5.8 Thailand 29.5 35.6 40.9 34.2 29.1 29.8 4.9 4.7 2.2 0.2 Spain 27.9 27.6 26.7 23.0 24.8 29.6 4.7 4.7 19.3 1.1 United States 18.2 14.2 19.5 20.1 27.0 28.7 3.0 4.5 6.3 9.5 China 9.8 9.1 12.1 14.0 14.4 18.0 1.6 2.8 25.6 12.9 France 49.9 31.2 31.6 29.3 23.5 16.1 8.3 2.5 -31.4 -20.2 Top 10 448.3 483.3 440.5 444.0 462.9 509.6 75.0 80.6 10.1 2.6 Others 149.7 144.5 132.5 124.0 169.8 123.0 25.0 19.4 -27.6 -3.9

Americas 38.5 28.1 29.9 27.6 36.5 32.8 6.4 5.2 -10.1 -3.1 - North America 19.1 14.9 20.1 20.6 27.2 29.1 3.2 4.6 6.9 8.8 - Central-South America 19.4 13.2 9.7 7.1 9.3 3.7 3.2 0.6 n.s. -28.2 Asia and Pacific 77.8 101.6 118.0 118.6 129.1 156.7 13.0 24.8 21.4 15.0 Europe 465.5 486.7 404.8 396.5 444.1 430.1 77.8 68.0 -3.2 -1.6 - European Union (15) 240.8 238.3 247.5 268.8 261.8 249.2 40.3 39.4 -4.8 0.7 - New EU Members (12) 218.8 242.5 149.0 120.4 173.9 168.8 36.6 26.7 -2.9 -5.1 - Enlarged EU (27) 459.6 480.9 396.4 389.3 435.7 418.0 76.9 66.1 -4.1 -1.9 - Norway & Switzerland 3.3 2.0 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.2 52.6 -18.4 - Other Europe 2.6 3.9 7.3 6.8 7.7 11.0 0.4 1.7 43.0 33.1 Middle East 0.3 0.1 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 n.s. -2.9 Africa 15.9 11.1 19.6 24.1 22.3 12.6 2.7 2.0 -43.3 -4.5 Other Countries 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 n.c. n.c. World Total 598.0 627.8 573.0 568.0 632.8 632.6 100.0 100.0 0.0 1.1 Source: CSIL processing of official data n.a.: not available; n.s.: not significant; n.c.: not calculable

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