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TAIWAN Nombre Oficial República De China (Taiwan) VISTAZO A TAIWAN Nombre oficial República de China (Taiwan) Bandera nacional TAIWANESBOZO DE LA REPUBLICA DE CHINA Flor nacional Area (Taiwan 36.197 kilómetros cuadrados 2017 e islas aledañas) Población 23,55 millones (abril de 2017) Más del 95% de chinos han (incluyendo hoklos, hakka, y otros grupos originarios de China Etnia continental); 2% de pueblos aborígenes malayo-polinesios; 2% de nuevos inmigrantes, principalmente de China continental y el Sudeste Asiático Gobierno Democracia multipartidista Presidenta Tsai Ing-wen Capital Ciudad de Taipei Ciudad de Taipei, Ciudad de Nuevo Municipalidades Taipei, Ciudad de Taoyuan, especiales Ciudad de Taichung, Ciudad de Tainan, Ciudad de Kaohsiung Nuevo dólar de Taiwan Unidad monetaria (NT$ o TWD) Mandarín (chino), hoklo (taiwanés), Idiomas hakka, lenguas austronesias Budismo, taoísmo, I-Kuan Tao, Religiones religiones folklóricas chinas, principales cristianismo, islamismo Publicado por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Precio: NT$70 US$2 / GPN: 1010601139 / MOFA-西 República de China (Taiwan) PB C VISTAZO A TAIWAN Nombre oficial República de China (Taiwan) Bandera nacional TAIWANESBOZO DE LA REPUBLICA DE CHINA Flor nacional TAIWAN ESBOZO DE LA Area (Taiwan 36.197 kilómetros cuadrados REPUBLICA DE CHINA 2017 e islas aledañas) Población 23,55 millones (abril de 2017) Más del 95% de chinos han 2017 (incluyendo hoklos, hakka, y otros grupos originarios de China Etnia continental); 2% de pueblos aborígenes malayo-polinesios; 2% de nuevos inmigrantes, principalmente de China continental y el Sudeste Asiático Gobierno Democracia multipartidista Presidenta Tsai Ing-wen Capital Ciudad de Taipei Ciudad de Taipei, Ciudad de Nuevo Municipalidades Taipei, Ciudad de Taoyuan, especiales Ciudad de Taichung, Ciudad de Tainan, Ciudad de Kaohsiung Nuevo dólar de Taiwan Unidad monetaria (NT$ o TWD) Mandarín (chino), hoklo (taiwanés), Idiomas hakka, lenguas austronesias Budismo, taoísmo, I-Kuan Tao, Religiones religiones folklóricas chinas, principales cristianismo, islamismo Publicado por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Publicado por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores República de China (Taiwan) Precio: NT$70 US$2 / GPN: 1010601139 / MOFA-西 República de China (Taiwan) D E Matsu Islas Tiaoyutai (Diaoyutai) Ciudad de Taipei Ciudad de Nuevo Taipei Ciudad de Taoyuan Estrecho de Taiwan Kinmen (Quemoy) Ciudad de Taichung Océano Pacífico República de China Publicado por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (Taiwan) República de China (Taiwan) Islas Pescadores (Penghu) No.2 Kaitakelan Blvd., Taipei 10048, Taiwan, ROC http://www.mofa.gov.tw Ciudad de Tainan Impreso por Red & Blue Color Printing Co., Ltd. m Ciudad de Isla Verde 3000 2000 Kaohsiung No. 9, Lane 327, Zhongshan Road, Section 2, 1000 500 Zhonghe District, New Taipei City 23585, Taiwan, ROC 250 50 0 Isla de las Orquídeas Director: Chang Kuoboung Redactores: Lester Liyen Yang, Ciaran Madden, Jason Gerock, John Scott Marchant Colaboradores: Meg Chang, Oscar Chung, Pat Gao, China continental Kelly Her, Jim Hwang, Wendy Kuo Traducción al español: Marina Chen, Hilmar J. Arévalo R., República de China Silvia Villalobos, Daniel García (Taiwan) Ilustraciones y gráficos: Lin Hsin-chieh Islas Tungsha (Islas Pratas) Distribuidor: Taiwan Panorama Magazine No. 2, Tianjin Street Taipei 10051, Taiwan, ROC Tel: (+886-2) 2392-2256 Islas Shisha http://www.taiwan-panorama.com (Islas Paracelso) Islas Chungsha (Banco de Macclesfield) Tarjeta de catálogo No.: MOFA-SP-BO-106-021-I-1 Filipinas GPN: 1010601139 ISBN: 978-986-05-3239-5 Vietnam Primera edición, D14 octubre de 2017 Mar de China Meridional Impreso en Taiwan Precio: NT$ 70 US$2 Todos los derechos reservados. La reproducción de este libro, en parte o en su totalidad, sin Islas Nansha (Islas Spratly) autorización escrita del titular de los derechos de autor está prohibida. Agencia de contacto: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, República de China (Taiwan) Tel: (+886-2) 3356-8198 Malasia CONTENIDO TAIWAN AL NATURAL 2 PUEBLO 8 HISTORIA 14 SISTEMA POLITICO 24 RELACIONES EXTERIORES 32 RELACIONES A TRAVES DEL ESTRECHO 40 ECONOMIA 46 CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA 56 EDUCACION 64 CULTURA 68 MEDIOS DE COMUNICACION 72 VISITANDO TAIWAN 76 APRENDIENDO MANDARIN 84 TAIWAN AL NATURAL ¿SABIA USTED QUE…? • El Monte Jade en Taiwan es el pico más alto en el Este Asiático. • Cerca del 20 por ciento del área terrestre del país es zona protegida. La República de China (RDCh), popularmente conocida como Taiwan, está situada en el Pacífico Occidental entre Japón y Filipinas. Su jurisdicción se extiende a los archipiélagos de las Pescadores (Penghu), Quemoy (Kinmen) y Matsu, así como otras numerosas isletas. El área total de Taiwan propiamente y sus islas aledañas es de aproximadamente 36.197 kilómetros cuadrados. Casi del mismo Arrecife de Laomei en la norteña ciudad de Nuevo 2 Taipei. (Foto de Jimmy Lin) 3 tamaño que los Países Bajos, pero con una población de INSTANTANEA 23 millones de personas, Taiwan está más poblada que tres cuartas partes de las naciones del mundo. Area terrestre: 36.197 kilómetros cuadrados Longitud de Taiwan: 395 kilómetros Taiwan propiamente dicha cuenta con abundantes Ancho de Taiwan: 144 kilómetros bellezas naturales. Las cordilleras con muchos picos altos Terreno agrícola: 7.966,2 kilómetros cuadrados que sobrepasan los tres mil metros –incluyendo el más alto del Este Asiático, el Monte Jade (Yushan)– y las laderas Pico más alto: Monte Jade (3.952 metros) boscosas, ocupan más de la mitad de su área. La isla Temperatura promedio: 22° C también posee montañas volcánicas, mesetas, planicies y En enero: 18° C cuencas costeras. Las islas Tiaoyutai (Diaoyutai), ubicadas En julio: 29° C al noreste de Taiwan, y un número de islas en el Mar de Troides aecus formosanus, la mariposa de alas doradas, una China Meridional, incluyendo aquellas en los archipiélagos especie endémica de Taiwan. (Foto de Yeh Ming-yuan) de Tungsha (Pratas), Nansha (Spratly), Shisha (Paracelso) y Chungsha (Banco de Macclesfield), también son una parte inherente del territorio de la RDCh. Ubicada en el paso de corrientes marinas cálidas en la costa este de Asia continental, la isla principal ha sido particularmente bendecida con una amplia gama de zonas climáticas, desde la tropical hasta la templada. Esto, combinado con su suelo fértil y lluvias abundantes, la convierten en un paraíso agrícola, donde se puede cultivar prácticamente cualquier variedad de fruta o verdura. Estas condiciones también hacen de la isla un país de maravillas recreativas. En invierno, se pueden observar las nevadas en las laderas de la montaña Hehuan, en el distrito de Nantou; y luego viajar 200 kilómetros al sur para llegar al caluroso distrito de Pingtung, donde es posible disfrutar del buceo entre los arrecifes coralinos del extremo sur de la isla. 4 5 Al mismo tiempo, las islas más pequeñas también poseen agua dulce y el mar. Para proteger esta especie en peligro de sus características naturales únicas, tales como las columnas extinción, se creó el Refugio del Salmón de Tierra Cercada de basalto en las Islas Pescadores (Penghu) y las termas Formosano en el cauce alto del río Tachia (Dajia), en el marinas en la costa de la isla Verde e isla Tortuga (Guishan). Parque Nacional Shei-pa. Fauna y flora El espectro de zonas climáticas que cubren desde lo tropical a lo templado en Taiwan, así como su amplia PARQUES NACIONALES variedad topográfica, han bendecido la isla con una rica Parque Nacional Parque Nacional Marino del Parque Nacional diversidad de fauna y flora. Se conocen unas 120 especies Kinmen Sur de las Islas Pescadores del Atolón de mamíferos, 670 especies de aves, 141 especies de (Quemoy) (Penghu) Tungsha reptiles, 65 especies de anfibios, 400 especies de mariposas y 3.100 especies de peces que habitan en Taiwan. El reino vegetal en la isla incluye 674 especies de helechos, 4.596 especies de angiospermas y 34 especies de gimnospermas. Para proteger los ecosistemas donde viven esos animales y plantas, el Gobierno ha destinado el 20 por ciento del área Parque Nacional Yangmingshan terrestre de la nación a la creación de un sistema de áreas protegidas, compuesto por nueve parques nacionales y un parque nacional natural, 22 reservas naturales para ecosistemas especiales, seis áreas de reservas forestales, Parque Nacional Shei-pa 20 refugios de vida silvestre y 37 grandes hábitats para la Parque Nacional Taroko vida silvestre. Entre las especies más famosas de la fauna taiwanesa Parque Nacional Yushan se encuentra el salmón de tierra cercada formosano (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus). Se cree que este pez Parque Nacional Taijing quedó atrapado en las frías aguas de las montañas en el centro de Taiwan durante la última era glacial, cuando el nivel de los océanos bajó de forma dramática y el salmón ya no pudo seguir viajando en ambas direcciones, entre el Parque Nacional Kenting 6 7 PUEBLO ¿SABIA USTED QUE…? • Hay 16 tribus aborígenes oficialmente reconocidas en Taiwan. • La nación es el hogar para más de 520 mil nuevos inmigrantes, la mayoría de los cuales proviene de China continental y el Sudeste Asiático. Si bien Taiwan ha sido descrita como una sociedad predominantemente de chinos han, con más del 95 por ciento de la población de ascendencia han, su herencia es mucho más compleja que lo que implica tal generalización. Las sucesivas oleadas Un grupo de personas practica ejercicios por la mañana en el Parque Xinzhuang sito en la ciudad de Nuevo Taipei. 8 (Foto de Chen Mei-ling) 9 de inmigrantes chinos que comenzaron a llegar en el INSTANTANEA siglo XVII pertenecían a una variedad de subgrupos con diferentes costumbres y lenguas que no son mutuamente entendibles. Sin embargo, en el Taiwan de hoy en Población : 23.547.448 (abril de 2017) día, las distinciones entre ellos se han vuelto borrosas como resultado del frecuente cruce matrimonial y el Estructura de la población : Etnia : uso universal de la lengua china mandarín. Más aún, 0 a 14 años : 13,3% Chinos han : 95,4% Taiwan propiamente dicha ha sido un caldero donde se 15 a 64 años : 73,31% Pueblos aborígenes : 2,4% han mezclado no solo los diversos subgrupos han, sino 65 y más : 13,39% Nuevos inmigrantes : 2,2% también los pueblos aborígenes malayo-polinesios e inmigrantes de todo el mundo.
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