Insect Taxonomy Lecture.Pptx

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Insect Taxonomy Good Bugs and Bad Bugs Insect Diversity Basic Body Plan Wings Mouthpart Modifications Insect Development Exopterygota Endopterygota • Hemimetabolous • Holometablous • Wings develop • Wings develop outside of the body within body during • Immatures pupation (nymphs) resemble • Immatures (larvae) adults do not resemble adults The Etymology of Entomology ptera = wing donto = teeth/tooth coleo = sheath lepi = scale ortho = straight di = two hymeno = membrane iso = same derm = skin/leather hemi = half Subtle Distinction Taxonomy Systematics Apis mellifera INSECTA Apterygota Pterygota Exopterygota Endopterygota Collembola Odonata Coleoptera Orthoptera Lepidoptera Dermaptera Diptera Isoptera Hymenoptera Hemiptera Classification ~ 33 orders Grouped by morphology and development Wings Mouthparts Metamorphism • Ametabolism • Hemimetabolism • Holometabolism Primitive Insect Subclass: Apterygota Ametabolous Collembola Springtails Paleoptera Paleoptera (old wing) • Wings do not fold • Hemimetabolous All others are Neoptera Wings do not fold (new wing) Chewing mouthparts Wings can be folded Hemimetabolous Ephemeroptera Odonata Neoptera Wings can be folded over body at rest. Leathery Forewing Chewing mouthparts Hemimetabolous Orthoptera Katydid Cricket Grasshopper Phasmatodea Mantodea Dermaptera Blattodea Isoptera Wings: Hemielytra Membranous Piercing sucking mouthparts Hemimetabolous Reduviidae Hemiptera Anthocoridae Krista Buehrer Hemiptera Pentatomidae Halyomorpha halys Rhopalidae “Homoptera” Aleyrodidae Cicadidae Aphidoidea Thysanoptera Thrips Wings: fringed Thysanos is Greek meaning fringed. Mouthparts: Asymetrical mandibles, right is reduced or absent, left is enlarged to form stylet. Diet: plant foliage, pollen, prey Vector pathogens and virus. Tomato and Impatient Wilt Virus Frankliniella occidentalis Endopterygota “Higher Orders” Wings: Variable Mouthparts: Variable Holometabolous Coleoptera Coccinellidae Staphylinidae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Curculionidae Green Lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) • Net Diet: Aphids Caterpillars Size: 12-20 mm Beetle larvae Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Sphingidae Diptera Halteres Diptera Nematocera Cullicidae Sciaridae Diptera Brachycera Stratiomyidae Syrphidae Hymenoptera Symphyta Diprionidae Hymenoptera Apocrita Braconidae Vespidae Hymenoptera Apocrita Apidae Formicidae Questions? End of Insect Taxonomy .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

500 Natural Sciences and Mathematics
500 500 Natural sciences and mathematics Natural sciences: sciences that deal with matter and energy, or with objects and processes observable in nature Class here interdisciplinary works on natural and applied sciences Class natural history in 508. Class scientific principles of a subject with the subject, plus notation 01 from Table 1, e.g., scientific principles of photography 770.1 For government policy on science, see 338.9; for applied sciences, see 600 See Manual at 231.7 vs. 213, 500, 576.8; also at 338.9 vs. 352.7, 500; also at 500 vs. 001 SUMMARY 500.2–.8 [Physical sciences, space sciences, groups of people] 501–509 Standard subdivisions and natural history 510 Mathematics 520 Astronomy and allied sciences 530 Physics 540 Chemistry and allied sciences 550 Earth sciences 560 Paleontology 570 Biology 580 Plants 590 Animals .2 Physical sciences For astronomy and allied sciences, see 520; for physics, see 530; for chemistry and allied sciences, see 540; for earth sciences, see 550 .5 Space sciences For astronomy, see 520; for earth sciences in other worlds, see 550. For space sciences aspects of a specific subject, see the subject, plus notation 091 from Table 1, e.g., chemical reactions in space 541.390919 See Manual at 520 vs. 500.5, 523.1, 530.1, 919.9 .8 Groups of people Add to base number 500.8 the numbers following —08 in notation 081–089 from Table 1, e.g., women in science 500.82 501 Philosophy and theory Class scientific method as a general research technique in 001.4; class scientific method applied in the natural sciences in 507.2 502 Miscellany 577 502 Dewey Decimal Classification 502 .8 Auxiliary techniques and procedures; apparatus, equipment, materials Including microscopy; microscopes; interdisciplinary works on microscopy Class stereology with compound microscopes, stereology with electron microscopes in 502; class interdisciplinary works on photomicrography in 778.3 For manufacture of microscopes, see 681.
[Show full text]
André Nel Sixtieth Anniversary Festschrift
Palaeoentomology 002 (6): 534–555 ISSN 2624-2826 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pe/ PALAEOENTOMOLOGY PE Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Editorial ISSN 2624-2834 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:25D35BD3-0C86-4BD6-B350-C98CA499A9B4 André Nel sixtieth anniversary Festschrift DANY AZAR1, 2, ROMAIN GARROUSTE3 & ANTONIO ARILLO4 1Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences II, Department of Natural Sciences, P.O. Box: 26110217, Fanar, Matn, Lebanon. Email: [email protected] 2State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China. 3Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, Entomologie, F-75005, Paris, France. 4Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain. FIGURE 1. Portrait of André Nel. During the last “International Congress on Fossil Insects, mainly by our esteemed Russian colleagues, and where Arthropods and Amber” held this year in the Dominican several of our members in the IPS contributed in edited volumes honoring some of our great scientists. Republic, we unanimously agreed—in the International This issue is a Festschrift to celebrate the 60th Palaeoentomological Society (IPS)—to honor our great birthday of Professor André Nel (from the ‘Muséum colleagues who have given us and the science (and still) national d’Histoire naturelle’, Paris) and constitutes significant knowledge on the evolution of fossil insects a tribute to him for his great ongoing, prolific and his and terrestrial arthropods over the years.
[Show full text]
Glossary - Zoology - Intro
1 Glossary - Zoology - Intro Abdomen: Posterior part of an arthropoda’ body; in vertebrates: abdomen between thorax and pelvic girdle. Acoelous: See coelom. Amixia: A restriction that prevents general intercrossing in a species leading to inbreeding. Anabiosis: Resuscitation after apparent death. Archenteron: See coelom. Aulotomy: Capacity of separating a limb; followed by regeneration; used also for asexual reproduction; see also fissipary (in echinodermata and platyhelminthes). Basal Lamina: Basal plate of developing neural tube; the noncellular, collagenous layer that separates an epithelium from an underlying layer of tissue; also basal membrane. Benthic: Organisms that live on ocean bottoms. Blastocoel: See coelom. Blastula: Stage of embryonic development, at / near the end of cleavage, preceding gastrulation; generally consisting of a hollow ball of cells (coeloblastula); if no blastoceol is present it is termed stereoblastulae (arise from isolecithal and moderately telolecithal ova); in meroblastic cleavage (only the upper part of the zygote is divided), the blastula consists of a disc of cells lying on top of the yolk mass; the blastocoel is reduced to the space separating the cells from the yolk mass. Blastoporus: The opening into the archenteron (the primitive gastric cavity of the gastrula = gastrocoel) developed by the invagination of the blastula = protostoma. Cephalisation: (Gk. kephale, little head) A type of animal body plan or organization in which one end contains a nerve-rich region and functions as a head. Cilium: (pl. cilia, long eyelash) A short, centriole-based, hairlike organelle: Rows of cilia propel certain protista. Cilia also aid the movement of substances across epithelial surfaces of animal cells. Cleavage: The zygote undergoes a series of rapid, synchronous mitotic divisions; results in a ball of many cells.
[Show full text]
Body-Enlarging Effect of Royal Jelly in a Non-Holometabolous Insect Species, Gryllus Bimaculatus
© 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Biology Open (2016) 5, 770-776 doi:10.1242/bio.019190 RESEARCH ARTICLE Body-enlarging effect of royal jelly in a non-holometabolous insect species, Gryllus bimaculatus Atsushi Miyashita, Hayato Kizaki, Kazuhisa Sekimizu and Chikara Kaito* ABSTRACT (Conlon and Raff, 1999; Otto, 2007). These studies have provided Honeybee royal jelly is reported to have body-enlarging effects in significant insight into the principles of size regulation of living holometabolous insects such as the honeybee, fly and silkmoth, but organisms, although recent concerns over genetically modified its effect in non-holometabolous insect species has not yet been organisms have led researchers to evaluate other types of strategies examined. The present study confirmed the body-enlarging effect in to enlarge animals for industrial purposes. silkmoths fed an artificial diet instead of mulberry leaves used in the As a non-genetic size manipulation, oral ingestion of royal jelly previous literature. Administration of honeybee royal jelly to silkmoth by larvae of the honeybee, Apis mellifera, a holometabolous from early larval stage increased the size of female pupae and hymenopteran insect, induces queen differentiation, leading to adult moths, but not larvae (at the late larval stage) or male pupae. enlarged bodies. Royal jelly contains 12-15% protein, 10-16% We further examined the body-enlarging effect of royal jelly in a sugar, 3-6% lipids (percentages are wet-weight basis), vitamins, non-holometabolous species, the two-spotted cricket Gryllus salts, and free amino acids (Buttstedt et al., 2014). Royal jelly bimaculatus, which belongs to the evolutionarily primitive group contains proteins, named major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs), which Polyneoptera.
[Show full text]
Effects of Thermal Stress on the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata Lugens
EFFECTS OF THERMAL STRESS ON THE BROWN PLANTHOPPER NILAPARVATA LUGENS (STAL) by JIRANAN PIYAPHONGKUL A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Biosciences University of Birmingham February 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This study investigated the effects of heat stress on the survival, mobility, acclimation ability, development, reproduction and feeding behaviour of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. The critical information derived from the heat tolerance studies indicate that some first instar nymphs become immobilized by heat stress at around 30°C and among the more heat tolerant adult stage, no insects were capable of coordinated movement at 38°C. There was no recovery after entry into heat coma, at temperatures around 38°C for nymphs and 42-43°C for adults. At 41.8° and 42.5oC respectively, approximately 50% of nymphs and adults are killed. In a comparison of the acclimation responses between nymphs and adults reared at 23°C and acclimated at either 15 or 30°C, the data indicate that increases in cold tolerance were greater than heat tolerance, and that acclimation over a generation compared with a single life stage increases tolerance across the thermal spectrum.
[Show full text]
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Life History of the Madeira Mealybug
Clemson University TigerPrints All Theses Theses 12-2015 Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Life History of the Madeira Mealybug (Phenacoccus madeirensis) and the Molecular Composition of its Host Plant Stephanie Alliene Rhodes Clemson University Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses Recommended Citation Rhodes, Stephanie Alliene, "Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Life History of the Madeira Mealybug (Phenacoccus madeirensis) and the Molecular Composition of its Host Plant" (2015). All Theses. 2584. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2584 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF THE MADEIRA MEALYBUG (PHENACOCCUS MADEIRENSIS) AND THE MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF ITS HOST PLANT A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Entomology by Stephanie Alliene Rhodes December 2015 Accepted by: Dr. Juang-Horng Chong, Committee Co-Chair Dr .Matthew Turnbull, Committee Co-Chair Dr. Peter Adler Dr. Dara Park ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate how different nitrogen fertilization rates of host-plants influence the development, fecundity, and nutritional status of a pest insect, the Madeira mealybug (Phenococcus madeirensis Green, Hemiptera: Psuedococcidae). This study evaluated the effects of nitrogen fertilization (0, 75, 150 and 300 ppm N) on the growth, % nitrogen, % carbon, lipid, and protein contents of basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L., Lamiaceae), and the subsequent impacts of host-plant nutritional status on the life history and total lipid and protein contents of the Madeira mealybug.
[Show full text]
Divergence in Gut Bacterial Community Among Life Stages of the Rainbow Stag Beetle Phalacrognathus Muelleri (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)
insects Article Divergence in Gut Bacterial Community Among Life Stages of the Rainbow Stag Beetle Phalacrognathus muelleri (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) 1,2, 1,2, 1,2, Miaomiao Wang y, Xingjia Xiang y and Xia Wan * 1 School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (X.X.) 2 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hefei 230601, China * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this article. y Received: 19 September 2020; Accepted: 17 October 2020; Published: 21 October 2020 Simple Summary: Phalacrognathus muelleri is naturally distributed in Queensland (Australia) and New Guinea, and this species can be successfully bred under artificial conditions. In this study, we compared gut bacterial community structure among different life stages. There were dramatic shifts in gut bacterial community structure between larvae and adults, which was probably shaped by their diet. The significant differences between early instar and final instars larvae suggested that certain life stages are associated with a defined gut bacterial community. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the potential role of gut microbiota in a host’s growth and development, and the data will benefit stag beetle conservation in artificial feeding conditions. Abstract: Although stag beetles are popular saprophytic insects, there are few studies about their gut bacterial community. This study focused on the gut bacterial community structure of the rainbow stag beetle (i.e., Phalacrognathus muelleri) in its larvae (three instars) and adult stages, using high throughput sequencing (Illumina Miseq). Our aim was to compare the gut bacterial community structure among different life stages.
[Show full text]
Signatures of DNA Methylation Across Insects Suggest Reduced DNA Methylation Levels in Holometabola
GBE Signatures of DNA Methylation across Insects Suggest Reduced DNA Methylation Levels in Holometabola Panagiotis Provataris1, Karen Meusemann1,2,3, Oliver Niehuis1,2,SonjaGrath4,*, and Bernhard Misof1,* 1Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany 2Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute of Biology I (Zoology), Albert Ludwig University Freiburg, Freiburg (Brsg.), Germany 3Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO National Research Collections Australia, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-abstract/10/4/1185/4943971 by guest on 13 December 2019 4Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat€ Mu¨ nchen, Planegg, Germany *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. Accepted: March 17, 2018 Abstract It has been experimentally shown that DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of gene expression and the silencing of transposable element activity in eukaryotes. The variable levels of DNA methylation among different insect species indicate an evolutionarily ﬂexible role of DNA methylation in insects, which due to a lack of comparative data is not yet well-substantiated. Here, we use computational methods to trace signatures of DNA methylation across insects by analyzing transcriptomic and genomic sequence data from all currently recognized insect orders. We conclude that: 1) a functional methylation system relying exclusively on DNA methyltransferase 1 is widespread across insects. 2) DNA meth- ylation has potentially been lost or extremely reduced in species belonging to springtails (Collembola), ﬂies and relatives (Diptera), and twisted-winged parasites (Strepsiptera). 3) Holometabolous insects display signs of reduced DNA methylation levels in protein-coding sequences compared with hemimetabolous insects.
[Show full text]
Guide to Theecological Systemsof Puerto Rico
United States Department of Agriculture Guide to the Forest Service Ecological Systems International Institute of Tropical Forestry of Puerto Rico General Technical Report IITF-GTR-35 June 2009 Gary L. Miller and Ariel E. Lugo The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Gary L. Miller is a professor, University of North Carolina, Environmental Studies, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804-3299.
[Show full text]
Human Parasitology
HUMAN PARASITOLOGY FOURTH EDITION BURTON J. BOGITSH,PHD CLINT E. CARTER,PHD THOMAS N. OELTMANN,PHD AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this ﬁeld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
[Show full text]
The Global Impact of Insects
The global impact of insects Prof. dr ir. A. van Huis Farewell address upon retiring as Professor of Tropical Entomology at Wageningen University on 20 November 2014 The global impact of insects Prof. dr ir. A. van Huis Farewell address upon retiring as Professor of Tropical Entomology at Wageningen University on 20 November 2014 isbn 978-94-6257-188-4 The global impact of insects Esteemed Rector Magnificus Dear colleagues, family and friends, ladies and gentlemen Insects have fascinated me throughout my career. Not just the insects themselves but especially their interaction with humans. It is on this interaction that I would like to focus. I will explain why insects are so successful, how they relate to climate change, and which ecological services they provide. Then I will move to insects as pests and give some examples, which leads me to the development and implementation of integrated pest management programmes and the role of institutions in them. As you probably expected, I will also dwell on the benefits of insects as food and feed, and end with some acknowledgements. 1. Introduction: Insects, the most successful animal group on earth Insects are the most abundant (1019) and most diverse group of animal organisms on earth. The number of insect species has been estimated to be between 2.5 and 3.7 million (Hamilton et al., 2010). The first recorded insect, Rhyniognatha hirsti, lived 400 million years ago (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Fossil “roachoids” from 320 MYA to 150 MYA were primitive relatives of cockroaches. Angiosperms started to evolve 130 MYA, as did holometabolan plant feeding insects such as the Lepidoptera (100,000 species) and the phytophagan beetles (150,000 species).
[Show full text]
Introbuctory AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY
A LABORATORY MANUAL OF INTRObUCTORY AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY * I %' €: Resham B Thapa Fanindra P Neupane Dhamo K Butani DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL SCIENCE TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY RAMPURj CHITWANj NEPAL, - --- A LABORATORY MANUAL OF INTRODUCTORY AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Resham B Thapa Fanindra P Neupane Dhamo K Butani DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PROTECTION INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL SCIENCE TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY RAMPUR, CHITWAN, NEPAL. 1984 ---------------------------------------------------- ALL RIGHT RESERVED Published by: Tribhuvan University Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. First Edition: 1984 (2041) Printed by: Secretarial Support Services Pvt. Ltd. Post Box No. 1217, Kathmandu, Nepal. PREFACE described are ubiquitous. There are about a million Insects undescribed. A species in this world and a large number still of them is no doubt harmless, a few even beneficial vast majority as destructive. about 2 percent species have been reported but contaminate stored They damage almost all our cultivated crops, and sting man and the domesticated animals, food articles, annoy of not the least, some insects act as vectors and last but why the and other disease causing pathogens. That's viruses creatures and people insects are looked down upon as undesirable of killing them. often think the ravages of To safe guard our plants and property from it is necessary to know all about these little insect pests, the and forenost step naturally is to collect beinjs. First physiology insects and study their appearance (morphology), of identification (classification). With this (function) and marks a this manual is prepared to give the beginners aim in view, also some knowledge of introductory entomology as preliminary covers the about pesticides and their appliances.
[Show full text]