Barriers and Drivers for Sustainable Housing
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Department of Thematic Studies Environmental Change Barriers and drivers for sustainable housing A case study of pre-existing conditions and perceived barriers and drivers for energy and resource efficiency in the housing sector in Östergötland Daniel Kvist MSc Thesis (30 ECTS credits) Science for Sustainable development Linköpings universitet, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden i Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet – or its possible replacement – for a period of 25 years starting from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, or to print out single copies for his/hers own use and to use it unchanged for non- commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional upon the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about the Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its www home page: https://ep.liu.se/. © 2021 Daniel Kvist Välj licens/Choose licence. ii ACKNOWLEDMENTS This thesis has been produced in the service of Region Östergötland with valuable contributions by Cleantech Östergötland, Linköping University, Länsstyrelsen Östergötland, Tekniska Verken, E.on, Fastighetsägarna, Stångåstaden, Sweco, Norrevo, Region Fastigheter, and the county's municipal Energy and Climate Advisor. I would also like to acknowledge Region Östergötland for the opportunity to conduct this thesis within service, and a special thanks to my supervisor at Linköping’s University, Wiktoria Glad for valuable guidance and input throughout the research process. PREFACE In 2019, the County Administrative Board of Östergötland, together with Region Östergötland, adopted a joint energy and climate strategy for the county for the first time. The strategy contains five goals that aim to reduce the negative impact on the climate from human activity and move towards a more sustainable society. The strategy also has six so-called focus areas to clarify where extra focus is needed in the work to achieve set goals. These focus areas are: • Renewable and Robust Energy Production • Energy and Climate Efficient Business • Energy- and Climate Efficient Housing and Premises • Sustainable and Efficient Transport • Circular Economy and Consumption • Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry Under each focus area, more specific action areas have also been identified, in order to be able to work in a more in-depth way with the various focus areas and to identify the needs for new initiatives and / or developments of existing projects and working methods. In addition to the strategy, there are also action plans for each focus area. In connection with the preparation of the action plan, the author of this thesis was assigned the task of producing the action plan for the focus area Energy and Climate Efficient Housing and Premises. As a regional development leader in energy and climate at Region Östergötland, the specified person has begun to work on the development of an action plan. An action plan that is supported by this more comprehensive study of how Östergötland should work to achieve the goals of the regional energy and climate strategy and create a more sustainable housing sector for the whole of Östergötland. This study thus deals with the focus area "Energy and Climate Efficient Housing and Premises", consisting of a further detailing of how and what Östergötland needs to work on and prioritize in order to contribute to the fulfilment of the Energy and Climate Strategy goals, in particular to the fulfilment of the following goals: • Objective 1. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by 85 percent by 2045 compared to 1990. • Objective 2. By 2030, the production of renewable and recycled energy will amount to at least 90 percent of the total energy production in the county. • Objective 3. By 2030, energy use will be 60 percent more efficient than it was in 2008. iii Further objectives in the regional Energy- and climate strategy: • Objective 4. By 2030, greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Östergötland will be at least 70 percent lower than in 2010. • Objective 5. By 2025, the amount of household waste will be reduced to a maximum of 350kg per person per year; and by 2030, to a maximum of 300kg. Interim target: In 2025, the amount of food and residual waste will be reduced to a maximum of 150kg per person per year. Action Areas Östergötland's Energy and Climate Strategy makes clear that all action areas within each focus area are prioritised. However, since there are eight different action areas within the focus area Housing and Premises, a prioritisation / needs analysis is required. In order to be able to sort and prioritise between the various action areas. The same overview is also required of the conditions that limit and create opportunities within the focus area. For the focus area Energy and Climate Efficient Housing and Premises, the following action areas are included: • Increase the rate of energy efficiency in existing buildings. • Increase digitisation for energy efficiency and power optimization of buildings. • Increase energy and resource efficiency when renovating existing buildings. • Strengthen coordination and energy exchange between buildings in the energy system. • Increase energy and resource efficiency in new construction. • Increase knowledge of how low-grade, or alternatively low-temperature, energy can be shared. • Accelerate the pace of expansion of renewable energy production on buildings. • Work to strengthen and develop energy supervision of buildings. In addition to these, there are also action areas regarding increased collaboration between the region, academia, municipality, energy and climate consultancy and actors in the construction and real estate industry. All action areas are important, and efforts are required within them all in order to drive the work forward with a systems thinking and perspective. However, the action areas require efforts and measures at different times, where some action areas are more relevant and urgent. This requires that it be ensured that the right efforts and projects, based on the action areas and based on the needs, are prioritised within the framework of time and resources. Within Östergötland, there are already large numbers of initiatives where measures within action areas are partly covered to varying degrees. A survey of existing projects was therefore carried out by Region Östergötland to avoid both conflicts and that parallel efforts and projects are created, existing projects can be found in appendix 1 in this thesis. iv Table of contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Aim and area of research ................................................................................................................. 3 3. Background and Important overall documents and strategies ......................................................... 3 3.1 Energy-related conditions .............................................................................................................. 3 3.2 Agenda 2030.................................................................................................................................. 4 3.2.1 Objective 7 – Sustainable Energy for All ............................................................................... 5 3.2.2 Objective 11 – Sustainable Cities and Communities .............................................................. 5 3.2.3 Objective 13 – Combat Climate Change ................................................................................ 5 3.3 Roadmap Fossil-Free Sweden – Construction and Civil Engineering Sector ............................... 5 3.4 Östergötland Builds Climate-Neutral (ÖBKN) Roadmap Östergötland ....................................... 6 3.5 Background outro .......................................................................................................................... 6 4. Previous research ............................................................................................................................. 7 5. Theoretical background and framework .......................................................................................... 8 6. Method and approach ...................................................................................................................... 9 6.1 Theoretical Research Model ........................................................................................................ 10 6.2 Implementation and data collection ............................................................................................. 12 6.3 Case study.................................................................................................................................... 12 6.4 Analysis