L<>$VJ£

3 J? itSStxi* 'A ^OUvEfjii^ "of TH^ |d

V ;U>a V_i\ UA &AN ANTON a

tt

r^-si+. * r For Your Home Entertainment

COLUMBIA GRAPHOPHONES EDISON PHONOGRAPHS ¥ * VICTOR TALKING MACHINES t f "We Have em All. Also The Largest Selection of Records for all Machines in the City.

Souvenirs of San Antonio

Post Cards, Books, Stationery, Cigars, Tobaccos and Pipes. The most complete line of Daily Papers and Magazines (from all parts of the world) in the city. WE TAKE SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR ANYTHING IN PRINT, Louis Book Store,

up The Picturesque Alamo City

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

PRESENTED TO THE VISITORS TO SAN ANTONIO 1907 Through the Courtesy of the San Antonio Traction Com pans

N. B.—The publishers of this book take pleasure in recommending the advertisers whose cards appear herein as thoroughly reliable in all respects, and it is due to their liberal patronage that the publishers are able to distribute these books free to patrons of the Observation Cars. i-rn-no a nirmTv* n «»• i EBERS & WUR1 Z, Publishers, SAN ANTONIO. TEXAS. "We were not here to assist in the defense of the Alamo, but we are here as factors to build up and develop 'The Alamo City' and the\Great Southwest."

Investment in Real Estate net from 7 to 15% interest. Residences—Anything from a cottage to a palace. Building Sites on the Heights or down town, close in, from $300 per lot up. Acreage in the suburbs from $30 to $100 per acre. Farms—Choice of 183 improved farms from $10 to $30 per acre. Fertile Farm Land, from 1,000 to 50,000 acres, $3.00 to $8.00 per acre. Ranches, large and small, $1 00 to $5.00 per acre.

If you «re interested in San Antonio property or Southwest Texas lands, write or call upon "The Texas Land Men " We have been here 18 years in business. Reference—Any bank or business house in the city.

The Adams-KirKpatricK Co., HicKs Building. San Antonio, Texas. The Alamo (The Cradle of Texas Liberty.) Built 1718 T. C, FROST. President. J. T. WOOD NED McILHEINNY. Cashier.

Frost Nat? 1 Bank, M SAN A

^and $ 600,000,00

Jan.28,1907 vP«J,tj(J Y,Y(L(L.O

The capital and surplus of the Bank, its strong financial position, and its established reputation for conservative banking methods, are amontf the substantial advantages offered to present and prospective pat­ rons. To maintain and Increase these advantages is the policy of the management. L Picturesque Corner of Alano Plaza, Showing Palms and Roses in Mid-Winter Lands From We have over one million acres of $1.25 Texas Lands per Acre up. for sale.

F. C. HUNNAM ® CO., REAL ESTATE.

202 Moore Buildfcg SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. Alamo Plaza L. J. HART,

HIGH CLASS 415 Old Phone 717 Navarro Real Estate New Phone Street. 95 Investments a Specialty.

Special attention given business and central proper­ ties. Accurate information cheerfully furnished to outside investors. Federal Building and Post office r~»- „f..i

HARRY LANDA. N.S.GRAHAM, H. G.STAACKE, President. 1st Vice-Pres& Cashier. 2d Vice-President.

Mexican Money Exchange and Bought Sold

\^\V CAPITAL STOCK PAID UP * f ft) ^ $100,000 ^c/ Transacts a General Ranking Business Acts in all Trust Capacities. SA LFETY DEPOSIT BOXES FOR RE1> IT Correspondence Invited. Send Us Your Texas Business. 1

10

_ Grand Opera House, Sidney Weis, Manager. Home of San Antonio Club 11 H. L. Howard. Emil Locke. HOWARD & LOCKE, AGRICULTURAL LANDS Dealers In In all parts AGRICULTURAL LANDS. of Southwest 209 Moore Ruildind. TEXAS New Phone 906. Old Phone 6SS. San Antonio, Texas.

We are part owners and agents for the BONNIE VIEW RANCH, which is situated in the garden spot of Southwest Texas, (Refugio county), on the St. L. B & M. Ky., be­ ginning at Church Station, 6 miles from Refugio, the county seat. It embraces about 35,000 acres of exceptionally fertile land, and is equal to any in Texas or elsewhere. This kind of land, thirty miles away, sells for $200 per acre for truck farms. This kind of land twenty miles away, made 120 bales of cotton on 108 acres, and sold for $40.00 per acre. This land now offered by us at $16.00 per acre will pay for itself in a short time and will double in value in 2 years. It will pay good interest on $100 per acre, as a rental propo­ sition. BONNIE VIEW RANCH is now being surveyed ready for sale in tracts to suit, one half cash, balance long time at 7% interest. If you are in the market for a first-class investment, it will pay you to investigate Bonnie View Ranch. Address Howard & Locke, San Antonio, Texas.

12 »:

>N!

Main Plaza (Showing San Fernando Cathedral, Built 1734) 13 Buying Good Real Estate Is using your surplus to the best possible advantage. Put it into San Antonio or Southwest Texas Real Estate and watch it grow. It has been said that "one good in­ vestment is worth a life of labor." If this be true, here is the best chance of your life lime. THE TERRELL HOT W/ELL Located about 2 miles south of the city, in a tract of land containing 2,196 acres of the very finest black hog wollow soil, with a clay subsoil; a fine growth of mesquite cov­ ers the tract which would easily pay for the clearing. This tract, divided into small tracts, could be sold at good profit and would find ready buyers. Such small tracts are very much in demand. The HOT WELL on this tract is 1900 feet deep with a yield of 800,000 gallons per day, which is 60% more than the Hot Springs of Arkansas. The temperature fluctuates from 105i to 109 degrees Fahrenheit. After a careful analysis of the best waters, San Antonio can truthfully claim the best medicinal hot waters known to the world. The baths, with free drinking of the water are especially recom­ mended for all skin diseases, rheumatism, paralysis, asthma and blood poisoning. By the erection of a large up-to-date hotel and bath houses for the accommodation of the many who now seek treatment and by the large additional numbers who would be in­ duced by these accommodations, this could be made the most famous watering resort in the world. This proposition holds a fortune in store for the developers, offered for $150,000. Further information gladly furnished on application. If you are interested in a home in the city, vacant lots, farm near the city, or in Southwest Texas, let me give you description, prices, terms, on some of the excellent property listed with me. 139 Soledad St. J. A. CLOPTON. Both Phones.

1A IS For an investment in city property buy lots in beautiful Villa Rosa

When completed it will be the only thoroughly modern addition in the city. If you are looking for a Farm or a large tract to colonize, see us, we have 'em.

tf.A-F0X &C0;

New Phone 2S70 427 Old Phone Navarro St. 1784-3r City Hall Established 20 years.

If Its Real Estate

YOU WANT

SEE Geo. B. Johnston & Son, 122 \V. Houston St. SOLEDAD BLOCK.

We have or can get you anything' in the Realty line. Chili Stand on Alamo Plara. Franklin E. Smith ® Co.,

Real Estate, Loan and Rental Agents

214 MOORE BUILDING

See us before buying or renting, as we have a choice list of fine property for sale or rent and can no doubt suit you.

?o 101 out

City Market. Remember the most important Sight of the Entire Trip is the inside of this magnificent HOME FURNISHING INSTITUTION, At 205-7 W. COMMERCE. Leave the car at corner Navarro and Commerce.Our efficient corpsof Guid­ es will take pleasure in showing you the most up-to-date completely stock­ ed store in the state. 22 Handsomely Furnished Rooms, and everything that goes to make the Home Beautiful.

G. A. STOVA/ERS FURNITURE CO., LEADERS IN STYLES AND LOW PRICES.

22 San Pedro Springs Park. 23 THE PALACE OF" MUSIC XHOS. GOGGAN & BROS. No matter which you wish, a sheet of music, a string for a musical instrument, or a Violin, Mandolin, Guitar, Italian Harp or a Brass or Wood wind instrument, a Grand Piano or a Pipe Organ, we will meet your requirements with the best service and the best of EVERYTHING KNOWN IN MUSIC at prices consistent with value. With pardonable pride we introduce the ONLY COMPLETE MUSIC STORE IN SAN ANTONIO Nothing can compare with our superb offerings of matchless values. It has taken years, together with a technical knowledge of instruments, for us to know when we say our instruments are the best—they are the best. Our Salesrooms Area Field of Art, Graced with the Most Famous makes of Pianos, Piano play­ ers and Interior Playing Pianos. The Best Seek Us and We Seek the Best. We sell our instruments on monthly installments-a logical way to buy, particularly so from us, asall our goods are marked at the very lowest cash prices in plain figures. We simply charge a nominal interest when you purchase on payments. In other words we become your banker. TALKING MACHINE DEPARTMENT. We are distributors for the Southwest of the must representative line ever displayed, together with a most extensive library of Talking Machine records, including the world's greatest Artists and the greatest bands. OUR RENT DEPARTMENT. In this department you will, at all times, find a beautiful assortment di instruments which we offer for rent at very moderate rates, including stool and cover. OUR SALESROOMS ARE ONE OF SAN ANTONIO'S ATTRACTIONS. Concerts Hourly. Visitors are Cordially Invited to Call. Cor. Houston and Old Phone 145 Navarro Streets. THOS. GOGCAIN & BROS., New Phone 435 Established 1866. OTHER STORES: Galveston. Dallas. Austin. Houston. Waco. El Paso.

24 J San Pedro Springs Lake. West Texas Bank and Trust Co., Moore Building. Capital and Surplus, $210,000.

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS: G. BEDELL MOORE. President.

J. H. SAVAGE, LEON. N. WALTHALL, Vice-President Cashier.

BEN M. HAMMOND, J. E. JARRETT, Bell Jewelry Co. Hillyer-Deutsch-Jarrett Co.

Banking in all its Branches. Including a Savings Department. We pay 4 % interest per annum on Savings. The Moore Building and Roof Garden. Home of the West Texas Bank & Trust Co. FK.IEN^S

Are they who show themselves friendly. Secure in this belief it has been our steadfast policy to re­ gard as our friends those who become our patrons, and so render service to them that they will esteem us their real friends. OUR CAPITAL of $200,000.00 Attests our ability to be your friend. OUR LOANS of $900,000.00 Prove that we assist our friends. OUR DEPOSITS of over $1,000,000.00 Represents the confidence in our friendship on the part of 3500 satisfied depositors. WOODS NATIONAL 'BANK of SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. Hicks Building — Home of me Woods National Bank and The Adams-Kirkpatrick Co. "There's Money in Texas Lands."

There is no city or section of country where property is growing in value with such leaps and bounds as San Antonio and Southwest Texas. Are you in position to contemplate this with satisfaction? If not the fault is yours. It's our business to show you where and how to invest your money in country lands and city prop­ erty where results are certain and satisfactory. We are agents for the I. & G. N. R. R. lands and represent more individual owners than any agency in Texas. Our properties are varied and well selected. Our organization perfect. We are Agents and Owners of "BEACON HILL ADDITION," The Queen of all San Antonio suburbs. Its location the highest and most sitely, splendid soil, artesi >n water, graded streets, Macademized Boulevards to city and country. Street car transportation directly through the property. See this property before you leave the city; buy a building site or a few lots for investment. Profit is sure.

Nicholson, Furnish ® Smith, Ground Floor. Moore Building. Southern Pacific Depot. Also Terminal of M. K. S* T. ALAMO HEIGHTS, at the head of the river, is undoubtedly San Antonio's most beautiful and healthful residence district. It is 150 feet higher than the city and is so located that the prevailing southeast breezes do not pass over the city first and conse­ quently are uncontaminated by impurities naturally arising from the city. The south­ ern slopes receive the full benefit of these cooling Gulf breezes in summer and are pro­ tected from the cold north winds in winter. The forest trees protect the ground from the scorching rays of the sun and add to the natural beauty of the landscape. The route to Alamo Heights is desirable in every respect both by car and drive The entire drive is either of asphalt or macadam. There are no railway tracks to cross and no unsightly parts of town to pass through. The route is by Maverick, Brackenridge and Mahncke Parks and through Brackenridge Park, extending for a mile and a half (tloog the river there is one oi the prettiest drives in the country. In Alamo Heights one may have a home with the charming freshness, beauty and quiet of the country with all of the conveniences of the city, and within twenty minutes ride from Houston street on the River Ave. car line, which has a fifteen minute service and traverses the main business part of town. Streets in Alamo Heights are eighty feet in width with a thirty foot drive­ way and a twenty-five foot parking on each side. Driveways are being macadamized and curbed with cement work. Water is supplied from the city water works. The electric lights and telephones are included in the city systems. A private park of forty acres, unsurpassed in rustic beauty, in which the San Antonio river takes its rise, is at the disposal of the residents of this suburb. Every reasonable protection is afforded the property so that purchasers may feel secure that their homes will not be made undesir­ able by any of the unpleasant conditions so common in other resident districts. Nature has done much for Alamo Heights and with the aid of man it will become the most beau­ tiful residence park in Texas. ALAMO HEIGHTS CO., 310 Moore Building.

32 A Scene at Beautiful Alamo Heights. Showing One of the Many Large OakJTree'to Be Seen There,

•^••••••1 mini"

The Cooper-Lathrop Company

Install modern heating plants,

HOT AIR AND HOT WATER, which modernize the home and make it comfortable in bad weather.

We also do all kinds of sheet iron and metal work.

226-228 South Alamo Street, San Antonio, Texas. M

A Picnic Party, at the head of San Antonio River—in Beautiful Alamo Heights. o1 ^S perior advan­ tages for modern treatment of dis­ eases of the lungs and throat One of the best climates in the United States,no dust, ideal win­ ters, cool sum­ mers, elegant administration buildings with beautiful sur­ rounding!, indi­ vidual tent cot­ tages, trained nurses, modern equipment, Skilled Lung Specialists in charge, scientific diet, open air, sun baths, hydrotherapy, inhalation of medicated vapor baths, light treatment, rest, regulated exercise, culture products, including Von Ruck's Watery Extract of Tubercle Bacilli, for producing immunity. By this mar­ velous method a large per cent of our cases recover and remain well. Located on beautiful Alamo Heights, near end of River Avenue car line. Rates reasonable. Booklet Free. DR. W. CARLTON FARMER, Medical Director, Old Phone 2275-2 rings San Antonio, Texas. A Picturesque Scene at Head of San Antonio River, at Beautiful Alamo Heights. J. N. Groesbeeck. W. C. Moore. J. IN. Groesbeck, Jr. J. N. GROESBEECK <3 CO. 217 ALAMO PLAZA, San Antonio, Texas. HOUSTON OFFICE; Branch Office: EL CAMPO, W. C. MOORE & CO. Texas. Commercial Bank Bldg. & Will buy and sell lands, Ranches and City Property. & Taxes Paid and Rents Collected. V Will act as Agent in Loaning Money. \* We do a General Land Business. Call or Write. ^ Ref:—Woods National Bank, and D. Sullivan & Co. Correspondence Solicited. We desire to call special attention to some 70,000 acres of land subdivided into 160 acre tracts in Wharton, Matagorda and Jackson counties, and what is known as the El Campo coun­ try. El Campo is situated on the New York, Texas & Mexican R. R., running between Houston and Victoria, and the land is about one-half way between these two places. We maintain an office there. This land is all black prairie land, no brush of any kind whatever, and we are sell­ ing the same at from $12 to $20 an acre. We also desire to call attention to tracts which we are colonizing on the line of LaSalle and Dimmit counties, just west of and almost adjoining the Woodward land, which we are selling at from $12 to $15.

38 One ot'the most beautiful Driveways in Brackenridge Park—the largest parkin the south—the gift of Col. Geo. W. Brackenridge, to the City of San Antonio. 39 All Kinds of New Phone 485 Old Phone 481-1 rlnrf MATTRESSES A. GRONA Made lo Order.

Manufacturer of Cor. E. Commerce all kinds of and Olive Streets. Mattresses and SAN ANTONIO, Pillows. TEXAS. Special attention given to Repairing. I A. B. FRANK CO., 210 and 212 West Commerce Street.

Leading and Largest Wholesalers of Dry Goods, Notions, Clothing, Etc., In Southwest Texas. A Line to Us, Our Line to You.

40 Brackenridge Park, Snowing Buffalos, Elk and Deer. This Park Also Contains Many Other Specimens of the Animal and Bird Kingdoms. Highest Quality! Best Values!

L. P. PECKS L. P. PECK, The largest and handsome- est store in the south­ San Antonio's foremost west. Carries the dealer 301-303 most complete FURNITURE, CARPETS, DRAPERIES, Etc. E. Houston St. LINE EVER SHOWN UNDER ONE ROOF.

43 First Presbyterian Church. A few places of worship. Central Christian Church. The Synagogue St. Mary's Catholic Church. 43 750 Feet Gallery Promenade.

RATES: 50 all outside airy and well $30 to $75 furnished rooms Per Month.

EXCELLENT Spectal rates KITCHEN. to permanent guests.

THE AMERICAN, San Antonio's Select Hotel

501-505 Avenue C. M. M. FORRIN, Prop.

44 Group of Churches —Travis Park Methodist, St. Paul Episcopal, Madison Square Presbyterian. The Halliday-Sweet Realty Co., We extend to one and all an invitation to call at our office and examine the choice properties of all descriptions that we are daily offering. City Properties. Halliday Addition—On South Presa St., right in the heart of the new addi­ tions. Our terms will suit, SEE US. We buy, sell and rent property in all parts of the city. Come and see our large lists of city property. Farms. 1100 acres just east of the city, all deep fertile soil, at from $30.00 to $50.00 per acre. Colonization. 23,913 acres, frontage on the Rio Grande river 3£ miles. 12 miles from Laredo. Quick sale this is offered at $3.50 per acre. Ranches. 33,000 acres, solid body, Maverick county; well watered, fenced, all tillable, black sandy soil. Unsurpassed for general agriculture. Only $6.00 per acre. Terms. Eesults count. You must profit by what has been done by others. Buy Southwest Texas Lands. SEE US. The Halliday-Sweet Realty Co., Ground Floor Makay Building, Cor. College and Navarro Sts. A few of San Antonio's Public Schools—High School, Main Ave. No. 2, (Austin) Marshall St. No. 8, (Navarro) San Fernando St. Notice This! Which is right to say? SHELLEY, The Undertaker, And remember, that if you want to BUY, SELL OR or RENT furniture, there's only one place. Shelley, the UNDERTAKER.

M. Karotkin, Neither is Right. It is only Right to say 119, 121 and 123 Main Avenue. Shelley THE Undertaker.

Phones: 614, New. 449, Old. Old Phone 964. New Phone 971. If looking for San Antonio "LooK to the Right" Real Estate SEE As you pass the Moore Building V J. PEARSON NEWCOMB, and note the firm of ... • Room 204 BOOK BUILDING, Houston St., at bridge. Pancoast ® Kohler, Choice property always listed. No trouble to answer questions. FINE TAILORING. Public Schools, Brackenridge (for colored children) N. Center St., No. 18 (Ferd HerfF), cor. Hackberry and Indiana, No. 9, (Bowie) cor. Lopez and N. Colorado. 4.9 The San Antonio Loan & Trust Company, (Chartered 1892, Without Banking Privileges. 215 YV. Commerce St., San Antonio, Texas. Geo. W. Brackenridge, President. Edwin Chamberlain, Vice- President. Leroy G. Denman, Vice-President, Wm. L. Herff, Secy, and Treas. Capital and Profits, - $ 120,000 Stockholders Liability, 400,000 Liberal Interest Guaranteed on Trust Funds. Safety Deposit Boxes. LOANS. This Trust Company acts as Keceiver or Assignee of Insolvent Estates, and as Trustee under mortgages issued by Corporations to secure Bond Issues. It acts as Executor of Wills, Guardian of Estates of minors. Accepts Trusts created by Will or otherwise.

REAL ESTATE DEPARTMENT. WM. EIFLER, Manager. Transacts a general Real Estate business. Ranches, Farms and City Property for Sale. Entire charge assumed in Rental Property.

so aa

CO Established 1883. Both Phones 686-2 R Dyeing at the Paul Steam laundry. ED. FRIEDRICH, Everything in the shape of Manufacturer of Clothing for Ladies and Gentlemen. Billiard Tables, Bar Fixtures and Butcher Ice Boxes. Cleaning, Dyeing and Repairing neatly done at Reasonable rates. 305 Dawson St., one block from Nolan & Chestnut. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. Send your Linen Suits to Dry Clean, our Tailor shapes them to suit you. Try us. In Stock Billiard Tables and Supplies, Bar Fixtures, Butcher Ice Paul Steam Laundry Co. Boxes, Blocks, Racks, Counters. Sell on Installment. Both Phones 950. Cor. Travis and Jefferson Sts. SLOAN Chas. Opperman,

WHOLESALE Mexican AND RETAIL Opals, Hats, Canes, Blankets, Mexican Pottery, Etc, Curios

516 £. Houston St., San Antonio, Tex.

52 Carnegie Library 53 J. P. Barclay, Pres. R. L. Ball, Vice- Pres. Jno. M. Bennett. Jr., Asst. Cashier. A. L. C. Magruder, Asst. Cashier. National Bank of Commerce OF SAN ANTONIO. Capital and Surplus, $400,000

Directors: ohn M. Bennett, Sr., Charles Schreiner, W. J. Moore, R. J. Kleberg, Nat. M. Washer, R. L. Ball, George P. Stumberg, W. W. Lipscomb,J.P.Barclay. SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

Mexican Money Bought and Sold. Exchange drawn direct, payable in money current in Mexico and principal cities of Europe and the Orient. Your business solicited. West End Lake, H- "lUELi^

(Vlanufacturer of

Beauty-Lac Varnishes, For Brushes, C.H.MUELLER5 Mirror Floors and STRICTLY PURE Furniture ZlHMEAD Plates, Carriage W Mirrors HITE OR TINTED Paints, MANUFACTURCD »v Resilvered, „, C.H.MUELLER ,tv &c. Etc. Established t875. ^tlSl C AND LEAD PA»

Phone: Factory: Old 391 Best and Cheapest. 905-913 New 1046 Garden St

56 West End Lake, Showing Boat House in Distance. 57 BMC

o

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t—

c/3

J— CO i OP

r—

58 I tn « One of the Main Buildings, Dr. Moody's Sanitarium for Nervous and Mental DiseaseSi Drug and Alcohol Addictions, Brackenridge Av

• •••*

Dr John W. Kenney's Sanatorium, corner Poplar and Ogden Streets. A Private Health Station. Milam Square, Santa Rosa Infirmary and St. John's Orphan Home. 63 San Antonio, PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS HOSPITAL, Texas.

Fire Proof * Building

Modern Equipment

Trained Nursing Staff

Non- Sectarian

Built in 1903 hy 30 or more of the physicians of San Antonio with the co-operation of an equal number of business and ot fessional men. Patients allowed to select their own physicians.

64 "GOOD REAL ESTATE IS THE SAFEST INVESTMENT ON THE BOARD."

THE PLACE TO INVEST IS SOUTHWEST TEXAS, THE TIME IS NOW.

Join our semi-monthly excursions, in our own Dining and Sleeping Cars, which leave Kansas City the first and third Tuesdays in each month. Write us for particulars, THE ALLISON-RICHEY LAND CO., Rooms 23-25 Union Depot, Kansas City. 517-519 Moore Building, San Antonio. 65 Academy of Our Lady of the Lake. San Antonio, Texas. Boarding and Day School for Young Ladies.

Under Direction of Sisters of Divine Providence.

Situated in one of the most healthful and picturesque locations of San Antonio. The course of study is systematic and thorough, embracing every branch of a refined and useful education. Discipline mild, yet firm. Special attention paid to physical comfort, as well as to moral train­ ing. Steam heat, artesian water, antiseptic sewerage system, and all other modern improve­ ments. By phoning 381 (old) visitors will be met at terminal of I. & G. N. Street Car.

For particulars address Mottief Superior Academy of Our Lady of the Lake, Prospect Hill. Academy of the Incarnate Word. (BRACKENRIDGE VILLA)

San Antonio, - - - - - Texas.

Boarding and Day School for Young Ladies and Little Girls, (under the auspices of the Sisters of the Incarnate Word.) Situated on River Avenue car line, just be­ yond Brackenridge Park in Beautiful Alnmo Heights, in the finest private park in the south. Modern sanitary buildings equipped with all modern conveniences.

The course of study embraces every branch of refined and useful education. Discipline mild yet firm. Por further particulars call at academy, or write Mother Superior, BRACKENRIDGE VILLA,

San Antonio, Texas.

68 ri

Academy of the Incarnate Word.' ( Brackenridge Villa) on River Avenue car line. West Texas Military Academy GOVERNMENT HILL, San Antonio, Texas. Rifle Practice of Cadets, W. T. M. A.

The Leading Boys School, in the Biggest City, in the Greatest State, in the Grandest Country in the World. The only school in the United State (except West Point) that is adjacent to an army post. The only school in Southwest Texas having an officer detailed by the government irofli active list of the American army. No West Texas Cadet has ever failed in a West Point or Annapolis examination.

PREPARES FOR BUSINESS LIFE, FOR UNIVERSITY OR ARMY EXAMINATION.!

Daily drills, weekly inspection and parade every Wednesday at 10:20 a. m. For lilustra catalogue, write to REV. A. W. S. GARDEN, 70 Brigade Drill at West Texas Military Academy, Government Hill, (showing camp of cadets in corner.)

71 ST. MARY'S HALL. Boarding and Day School for Girls. Centrally Located. Brick buildings. Steam Heated, Electric Lights, Ample grounds- REV. A. W. BURROUGHS, Principal. Ursursulml e Academy.

Augusta Street, San Antonio, - Texas.

A Boarding and Day School for young ladies and misses, combin­ ing the advantages and comforts of Home life, with progressive thought in modern education. Lo­ cation unsurpassed. Primary, elementary, preparatory and aca­ demic departments. Elocution, music and art. For catalogue, address

Mother Superior.

Interior view of Grounds, Ursulme Academy, Augusta Street, San Antonio, Texas.

73 International Business College

The great Business and Shorthand Training School or tne Southwest. STRONG TEACHERS. MODERN METHODS.

English, Bookkeeping, Shorthand, Touch Typewriting, and mod­ ern Language Departments- Fine fixtures and complete course in National Banking.

Best Shorthand Systems from which to choose.

Best American method of real Counting House Bookkeeping;

Board, Lodging and Tuition six months (any or all courses) for $150.00 in advance.

Spanish free to all regular pupils.

Our Free Employment Bureau places competent pupils in positions.

Our excellent Instructors guarantee good penmanship.

Consciencious care of pupils consigned to our charge.

For further particulars, address International Business College, Box 806. San Antonio, Teva*.

74 MULHOLLAND SCHOOL FOR GIRLS. College Preparation a Special Feature. Affiliated with the University of Texas, and holding certificate privilege with leading Eastern Colleges for women. Number of Boarders and Day Pupils limited. For Year Book, address. MRS. CORA R. MULHOLLAND. Principal, 210 Augusta St. 75 SAN ANTONIO ACADEMY. Boarding and Day School for Boys. Opposite the Beautiful San Pedro Springs. Affiliated with a large number of the leading Universities of the country, and prepares for any institution. Our limited number implies selection. W. W. BONDURANT, A. M., Principal. 76 LAKESIDE CLASSICAL INSTITUTE, West End.

High Grade School With Military Training,

For manly boys from Good Homes.

Equipment and Buildings Modern and Complete.

J. W. COLTRANE, Principal IRVING H. HART, Commandant.

77 Tne Harrison School, West End. Joshua H. Harrison. N. J. Marshall.

Preparation for College a Specialty.

Endorsed by the University of Texas and Vanderbilt University, Teachers, University men.

MOVING PACKING STORING

We take every care of your VACUUM CARPET RENOVATING. Furniture and Piano Recommended by all Physicians moving. as the only strictly sanitary way

NEW PHONE 654 HENRY C. RIPPS, 313 NAVARRO STREET OLD PHONE 325-3 rings SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SAN ANTONIO FEMALE COLLEGE, West End. A SUBURB OF "BEAUTIFUL SAN ANTONIO." $80,000 Building and Equipment. $8,000 Steam Heating Plant. $6,000 Dairy Farm. $2,000 Natatorium. $2,000 Gymnasium. 2,000 Volumes in Library. City Privileges and Country Freedom. J. E. HARRISON, President. THE ST. CLOUD FARM Owns the largest herd of registered Jersey cattle m the world. It has won over ten thousand dollars in prizes, and won over two thousand dollars at the World's Fair, at St. Louis, in 1904. J. 0. TERRELL & SONS, Proprietors. West End, San Antonio, Texas. SO The best Jersey Milk and Cream Pasteurized and Bottled for San Antonio trade.

Manufacturers of Velvet Ice Cream. The purest and best Ice Cream sold in San Antonio.

Our High Grade BUTTER has no superior.

We ship BUTTER

anywhere.

We ship ICE CREAM Interior of Creamery Dairy Co.'s Plant, corner Austin and 8th Streets. 300 miles. Largest Sanitary Creamery, Ice Cream and Milk Plant in the South. Daily capacity, 1000 lbs. Butter, 400 gals. Ice Cream, 2000 gals. Milk. Chas. Zoller, President. Paul Ingenhuett, Vice-Pres. H. R. Schmeltzer, Sec'y-Treas. Merchant's Transfer Company, Both Phones 359. Incorporated. Hauling and placing Safes and Machinery a Specialty SANANTONIO,TEX. Office and Warehouses: 510-514 DOLOROSA STREET.

Pruitt Commission Co., There is No Danger

wh„i.s»ie FRUIT AND PRODUCE. Of getting an impure or unhealthful drink Apples Our Specialty. provided you call for "Duerler's," and are particular to see that you get it. WAREHOUSES COR. MEDINA and SAN FERNANDO VIS Iron Brew, Dr. Pepper, Vim-O, Uncle Sam's On I. & G.N. Track. Ginger Ale are among the most popular— Both Phones 24. 404 S. side Military Plaza. because they are good. At bars and all suburban resorts. Codes: Economy, Citrus, Baker's Armbsy. Consignments of all kinds solicited with an assurance of prompt attention. G. A. DUERLER MFG. CO. San Antonio, Texas. San Antonio, Texas.

82 Ford of San Antonio River, showing Court House in distan

83 A WORD OF TRUTH TO CONSUMERS OF MACARONI. "LION BRAND" MACARONI, which is manufactured by the "SAN ANTONIO PASTE WORKS" has the advantage over almost any goods of the same nature, no matter where manufactured, for the following reasons: Besides a high patent hard wheat flour, tbe only ingredient of our "Lion BrantT'MACARONI, favorable climatic conditions {Sunshine and Pure Air) and also a Pure Water, are equally necessary to make good goods. SAN ANTONIO is renowned for its fine climate, pure air and the purest and best water supply in the country, hence our claims for "LION BRAND" MACARONI. HOW TO COOK MACARONI. MACARONI, when properly prepared and well seasoned, is an ideal, simple, nourishing and economical food, But few people know of the many ways in which it can be cooked. In order to cook MACARONI properly, the water must be boiling well, before the MACARONI is put in it; two quarts of salted water should be used to each half pound of goods. MACARONI should cook from 30 to 40 minutes until tender and stirred now and then to prevent sticking; when tender, drain and pour cold water through to blanch it. It is then ready for use and is generally refer­ red to in recipes as boiled MACARONI. NOODLEI. Made of FLOUR, EGGS and BUTTER, a wholesome, nourishing and delicious food, adapted to all ages and conditions, it is an improvement on MACARONI, as each half pound package contains two eggs and a fraction of a pound of fresh Jersey butter which renders it more tender and richer than ordinary MACARONI. It is cut into small rings about one-quarter inch in diam­ eter and therefore quickly cooked and for that reason particularly suitable for soups as well as all other dishes, TRY "NOODLEI." CHILIMAC. This article is a compound of Italian Paste, with extract of beef, celery and Mexican Chili Pepper, etc. The compound speaks for itself and it is indeed one of the most wholesome, nour­ ishing and delicious foods for rich and poor. We can conscientiously recommend it. For soups, it cannot be surpassed. It is a MACARONI cut into small rings one-quarter inch in diameter. All grocers sell "CHILIMAC." Give it a TRIAL. SAN ANTONIO PASTE WORKS, San Antonio, Texas.

84 A Scene on San Antonio River, taken from Arsenal Street Bridge, showing San Antonio Paste Works. 85 J. N. Brown, Pres. Otto Meerscheidt, Cashier. Alamo National Bank, San Antonio, Texas.

Capital and Surplus Paid in $600,000.00

DIRECTORS: G. Schmeltzer, Geo. C. Vaughn, Ernest Steves, J. N. Brown, C. C. Gibbs, G. A. C. Halff, Wm. Negley, Joseph Courand, Otto Meerscheidt.

We pay careful attention to all business entrusted to us. Accounts of Mer­ chants, Stockmen, Farmers, Professional men and others solicited. We have the Best Fire and Burglar Proof Vaults Tn a Fire Proof Building.

S6 Alamo National Bank Building, corner Commerce and Presa Streets. 87 STAACKE BROS., VEHICLES, HORSES, HARNESS, AUTOMOBILES. Exterior and Interior views, 3 floors. 45,000 square feet floor space. 8 8 •I

WEST END LUMBER CO., "THE HOME BUILDERS." P. 0. Box 942. Phones 377. San Antonio, Texas. The fV 20th Century

•> Pharmacy. ^=

The Cut Rate

Drag Store >

where you can

save money on

everything

in the

Drag Line.

The w "Store Ahead" ll

The 20th Century Pharmacy, corner Commerce and Navarro Streets.

90 We Are THREE ENTISTS GRADUATE SPECIALISTS. HICKS BLOC. lENTIMTB — SAN ANTONIO.— HICKS BUM. r,ON ANTONIO.- L. F. Robichaux, D. D. S. J. U. Watfoaer, I). I). ,S. North Western University. North Western Inh.rvllv. CHICAGO. < lilt \<,o. SPECIALTY: SPf I l\l IV: Gold and Amalgam Fillings, and Painless tjold and Porcelain Crowns nml Itriilgr Extraction. Work. F. C. Sizeland, D. D. S. Michigan Unlversin. »\\ ARHOR. SPBOA1 IV: Porcelain Fillings. Plate Work. Treatment and Cure of Pyorrhea. We Guarantee Satisfaction. ENTISTS. HICKS BLD6 HU hs ni nt. X

^

Residence of D. J. Woodward, corner San Pedro and Woodlawn Avenues. W. N. Hagy, Architect and Builder. The Riverside BIdg., Commerce Street, at Bridge. V D. & A. Oppenheimer, American Shoe and Hat Co., Unincorporated BANKERS. Wholesale Dealers Established in the city for almost half century. We will be pleased to give information and advice to investors. Sole Selling Aiients ACCOUNTS SOLICITED. Safe Deposit Boxes to Customers FREE. Blue Ribbon Brand Hats,

"American" Brand Shoes. T\ • | V E N D 0 M E , the Best Whiskey. VVE tnaKe a specialty of all the reputable Ur IK BllDWEISER, the Best Beer. brands of Pennsylvania Ryes and Kentucky Bourbon Whiskies For Sale at all Bars and Cafes. and carry the best assorted stock of Cordials, Brandies Ports, Sherries, the market affords. High Grade Goods for Family Trade. BERMAN & ZADEK, BOTH PHONES Yours to please. Distributors. 2794 STAR LIQUOR CO. The Idaho Building, moved from World's Fair, St. Louis, showing residence of Jay E. Adams, on Beacon Hill, in corner. 94 Residence of John H. Kirkpatrick. 328 W. Magnolia Avenue, Laurel Heights. 95 i Residence of Max B. Mayer, 101 King William Street, corner Garden. Harvey L. Page, architect.' A- Hearty Welcome at Our Office.

We insist that you come, we have valuable information about San Antonio and Southwest Texas, that you should take home with you. It is yours for the asking. It will be our pleas­ w ure to answer questions and give information about the opportu­ nities for health and wealth in the southwest. Invest in South Texas lands; they will pay 100'd in twelve months. There is nothing surer. Also some good investments in City property. Let us tell you about these opportunities.

Mount Bros.,

403 Navarro St., Mackay Building,

San Antonio, Texas. One oi the three entrances contracted for to be erected at once on "Summit Place" the new fashionable residence district on the summit of Laurel Heights. "SUMMIT PLACE." A Beautiful Spot of Surpassing Fairness.

What a reporter saw at "Summit Place" although hardly in its first stages of completion. What is soon to be the finest residence district in the south be a wide parking tilled with rows of palms and beds of fiowers.and is now being developed in this city on the summit of Laurel on each street the color scheme will be different. Por instance, Heights. along one street which is to be known as "King's Highway," and "Summit Place" is the name of what is very shortly to be the is to be eighty-four feet wide from terrace to terrace, there will finest residence district in all the south. The location is the be rows of beds of American Beauty roses and palms and cedrus natural beauty spot of beautiful San Antonio, being on the very deodaras (Himalayas). In another street there will be another summit of Laurel Heights, with San Pedro avenue. Belknap color scheme prevailing. Many roses, palms, cedrus deodaras, avenue, Howard street and Main avenue opening into it. etc.. are being set out daily, and the beauty of the place should Since last August a small army of men and teams have been improve with age, even after once completely finished. at work laying out and building streets and converting the The attractiveness of it all wiil be greatly embellished by beautiful knoll into an ideal residence district, which, while in a massive, stately gateways of bronze, brass and ornamental iron state of upheaval now, is expected within six weeks to be open and red Pecos stone, parts of which are now enroute from the for inspection. contractors. The name "Summit Place'' is appropriate because its eleva­ Every lot will be sewered and every building site terraced, tion is the highest point of any in the city and an excellent, view not only above the street, but also above the sidewalk. All of every part of the city may be had therefrom. Another and drainage will be from the lots to the streets. There will be surpassing view is that looking to the west, where the distant ample five protection and water service—an eight-Inch water hills can be seen in all their natural splendor, in fact from most main is already being connected up in the property. any part of this beautiful plot of ground an unobstructed view All sewer pipes, water mains, gas pipes, electric light and may be had in all directions. telephone poles, as well as all other obstructions of any charac­ Added to the natural advantages of the place—a veritable ter will be put in the alleys, so as to rid the streets of all unsight­ park in itself—are the many high and superior class of improve­ ly things and keep intact the perfect conditon of the street im­ ments which are now being made there. The construction of provements after completion. wide streets that are being made on an elaborate plan such as Observing the deplorable manner in which the balance of never attempted before, perhaps not in this state. John D. beautiful Laurel Heights was handled, Mr. Roossays his company Rullman. former county and city engineer, is busy with a force will take the precaution to permit no hap-hazard manner of con­ of men giving the lines and grades for the various improvements, struction or placing undesira le buildings near any of the streets, which will include a new idea of cement walks and cement curbs. but will make necessary and timely restrictions, but only those A Gazette reporter visited •'Summit Place'1 this morning that are sure to redound to the benefit of purchasers of proper­ and was met by Mr. Ed Roos whose company acquired this ty in the "Place," and adds that his company is not in the real splendid piece of property for the purpose of making of it the estate business, but simply developing in a proper and substan­ ideal residence district which its natural beauty and location tial way the remaining all that is choice of beautiful Laurel justified, ana from the activity that may be seen on all sides the Heights—nature's own dedication as the ideal residence district conviction is enforced that that will soon be accomplished. of this sunny southland—and that beautiful building sites in Sum­ One of the many attractive features of Summit Place will be mit Place will soon be for sale by all reliable and responsible the manner of arranging and beautifying the streets. Along raal estate dealers of the city '—From San Antonio Gazette. both sides of all streets, between the street and the side wa Ik, will March:', 1907. Camping Outfits our Specialty.

San Antonio Tent and Awning Co., 115-117 South Flores Street I ''Sans Souci," one of the most modern and luxuriously appointed colonial homes in the city, recently erected at 407 Adams St. (Barbe Addition.) 97 *-3»dto^?^

A group of modern residences located in different parts of the city, Harvey'L. Page, architect.

98 Residence oi Otto Koehler, N. San Pedro Place, Laurel Height We Light Both Street and Homes.

Our Electric Lines cover a vast field, and we have sixty-six miles of gas mains in our Beautiful City which enables us to supply thousands of homes. 100 GET A HOME

And When You Get It

GET IT IN SAN ANTONIO

HERE ARE THE REASONS: 1. Every Home in San Antonio can be lighted by either elec­ tricity or gas, as you choose. 2. Every Home in San Antonio is adjacent to a street car line. 3. Every mouthful of food you eat can be cooked with gas. 4. You can live in absolute comfort, with all the conveniences of the biggest city in the world. Don't Fail to See the Historic Franciscan Missions THEY ARE WELL WORTH A VISIT. Our mission is to furnish high-class Livery turnouts with reliable drivers to see them. Coaching Parties, Cabs and Carriages Furnished on Short Notice.

BOTH PHONES TABLE 6 9 3 PALACE LIVERY S Under New Management. EDWARD W. HEUSINGER, Proprietor.

ioa l,t MimM La Purisima Conception.

103 INVESTORS.

I offer 100,000 acres of Brazos Valley land at S10.00 to S15.00 per acre, in tracts of 320 acres or more. The Brazos Valley is admitted to be the richest land in Texas. Its advantages: 45 Inches Rainfall. No Brush to Grub. Best Cotton Land. No Irrigation Necessary. Best Cane Land. Pure Water at 60 Feet. Good Corn Land. Excellent Fruit Land. Good Alfalfa Land. Almost Level Surface. In the Oil and Gas Belt. It pays largest rental of any staple crop land in the United States. No trades. Good titles. HILAND P. LOCKWOOD, 502i E. Houston St. Owner or Sole Agent. San Antonio, Texas.

104 2nd Mission-—San Jose.

105 Collins-Gunther Co. New Plant, Hays, Cherry, Lamar and Walnut Streets. Office, Corner N. Center and Walnut Streets 106 i 3 1 J • 2 c

J s

J. HiUyer=T>eutscb=Jarratt Company

HIGH GRADE LUMBER

306 South Flores Street YARDYABTl^fSc Cor. Lamar and Chestnut Sts.

Flores32 9 e' BOTH PHONES '•"iVs""'

J. M. Kra%auer O. J. Viper Kraitauer & Viper PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS

Cresent Instantaneous Gas, Gasoline and Automatic Water Heaters. Jllso Full Line of "Beer Apparatus and Supplies

PHONES: 128 Old; 639 Neb) 116 South A lamo Street "Evening Salute"—Greater Fort Sam Houston. (The Barracks.)

109 San Antonio's Natural Bathing Beach, "Hence its name

IMPROVEMENTS CONTEMPLATED.

John G. Davis, S. M. Scott, Gen. Mgr. Prof. Moore, W. A. Willard.

Our Beautiful Bay Front as Nature left it. No Blizzards. No zero weather! Sea breezes cures catarrh and relieves rheumatism Beautiful illustrated booklet free, showing hunting, fishing, boating and bathing scenes. Oranges, figs and winter gardens. 20 acres of figs will yield an income of $3,000 a year. Bay Front lots 75x150 feet, others 50x150. Alamo Beach Investment Company, Port Lavaca, Texas. no s J. W. KLECK, Proprietor of The Electric Mattress Factory PTCn 626-628 Main Avenue.

New Phone 1179 SAN ANTONIO. Old Phone 987-4r. TEXAS. PPfTT

American Plan. New and Clean. Strictly First Class. Rates $2.00 per Day up. THE THOMPSON H. C. BURCKHALTER, Proprietor. New Modern Building. 40 Elegant Rooms. Private Suites with Bath. "^SEEftRST- San Antonio, Tex. Greater Fort Sam Houston. "Present Arms." Garrison Review in dress uniform. Photo by Chaplain Dickson, U. S. Army. (Copyrighted.) > c. 1. Stone S. G. McWhorter

Large Ranches

Farm Lands Stone & McWhorter Irrigable Farm and Garden Tracts REAL ESTATE

109 E. Houston St. City Property

^L^E make a specialty of large SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS ** tracts for colonization pur­ poses and have some very choice Land & Immigration Agents. I. & G. N. R. R. tracts now that are bargains. Land & Immigration Agents S. A. & A. P. R'y.

114 Greater Fort Sam Houston. Infantry Machine Guns masked. (Photo by Chaplain Dickson. U. S. Army.) (Copyrighted.

IIS E. J. Buckingham. Carl F. Groos

Buckingham Have a Large List of AND LANDS

Groos. In Both

GENERAL Texas and fdexico LAND At from 50 cents an Acre up. AGENTS. Large or Small Tracts. 20 9 Moore BuildirL &

San Antonio, Texas. Write Us for Particulars.

J Greater Fort Sam Houston. Cavalry Charge. Photo made by Chaplain Dickson, U. S. A., in „}5 second. (Copyright applied for.)

117 "pHONE 1944-

2d rLOOK HalfTonc DAILV LIGHT BLDG.

ALL HALF-TONES IN THIS BOOK WERE MADE BY THE ABOVE FIRM.

MS heater Fort Sam Houston. , Light Artillery Drill. (Photo made in ,„',,„ second by Chaplain Dickson. U. S. A.) (Copyright applied lor.) / SAN ANTONIO'S GREAT RESORT fcta THE HOT SULPHUR WELLS THE STRONGEST HOT is.itsi SULPHUR WATER KNOWN imtn • mli NATURE'S OWN REMEDY iJAt New and Modern Hotel, and the largest and most complete Bath House in the Southwest. solltes 120 The fame that the Hot Sulphur Wells Baths of San Antonio are gaining is widespread throughout the United States. The fame of the Alamo City to the tourist and invalid world has long been recognized. Its dry anti-malarial southern cli­ mate, its clear weather, equable temperature, where snow is practically unknown, and the Frost King seldom penetrates, its historic ruins and memories, and quaint picturesque surroundings have been the attractive magnet to draw here every year thousands of visitors seeking health or pleasure. The discovery o( and the publicity given the marvelous curative proper­ ties of the natural Hot Sulphur Mineral Water, with the additional advantage of a climate where baths can be taken with absolute safety and good results every day in the year, accounts largely for the popularity of this resort. Write for particulars. U. H.RISCHE, D. DeLANEY, P. J. SCULLEY, Th. Photographs from which the cuts in this hook Pres. Vice-Pres. Sec. Treas. were made are by ROTHWELL, San Antonio Undertaking and Embalming Studio, 107 W. Commerce St., up stairs. STEIN, Company. Studio, 315 Alamo Plaza. up stairs. BRACK, Incorporated, 401 E. Houston St. San Antonio, Texas. Alamo Plaza. Both Phones 137. A LADY ATTENDANT. EBERS & WURTZ, Directors: U. H. Rische D. Delaney Publishers. P. J. Sculley Henry W. Hines Embalmer: Chas. A. Salter. ALB. L. LUDWIG.

We Carry SouVenir Postal Cards

of all subjects in this book. Besides 3,000 Other Designs. E'BERS=WHITE, Kodak and Art Store, 215 ALAMO PLAZJl.

Branch at H. L. Wagner s Drug Store, cor. Ave, C and Houston street. The Picturesque Alamo City.

JAN ANTONIO is the oldest, the most historic, the most beautiful, the most cosmopolitan, and the most unique city in the Southwest. It is the me­ tropolis of Texas, having a population of nearly 100,000, and is the leading city in commerce and other industries. In addition to being one of the most healthful cities, it is blessed with an unusually mild climate, which is a source of never ending delight to the tourist from the frozen north. The temperature in winter seldom ever reaches the freezing point and snow is almost as strange a phenomenon here as it would be to the inhabitants of Egypt. The summer days are never exces­ sively hot, as they are cooled by the healthful and invigorating Gulf breeze. The nights are always cool and pleasant, and refreshing sleep can always ho enjoyed. That San Antonio is one of the most cosmopolitan cities ot the world, is easily demonstrated during any afternoon spent upon its streets. Every nationality of the world is represented. In strolling about the city in the evening, the Mexican peon .in his picturesque blanket costume and stupendous sombrero can be seen enjoying chili con carne, enchi­ ladas, tamales, frijoles and other Mexican delicacies at the open a,r restaurants along the plazas; the jovial Germans with their large families can be seen spending a pleasant evening beneath the trees of some delightful beer garden that has a touch of the beauty of those to be found along the Rhine; in the cafes the French areenjoymg their wines and fancy dishes while their chatter can he heard and their gest,in>s seei*?»*"« distance, reminding the seasoned traveler of similar scenes along the Grand Boulevards in Paris; the Italians have their own clubs and resorts where spaghetti and macaroni are served in true Italian style; the Chinese have then- joss house and tong societies where they gather to enjoy the opium pipe and to discuss the greatness of the Celestial Empire; the negroes also have their social gatherings and places where "possum and taters," fried chicken and other toothsome delicacies so dear to the negro heart are served, and where they can discuss unmolested the great problem that confronts that race in its upward progress; and finally in the city are the Japs, who though few in number as yet, add another element to the already picturesque population. In age, San Antonio is one of the oldest of American municipalities that can claim the distinction of still being a great city. Eight flags representing eight distinct govern­ ments have Uoated from the Alamo. The first was the tri-colored banner of the Spanish; later that of the French; then the flag of the Mexican Republic; followed by the Mexican state flag; the Texas Republic; the United States flag; the Confederate stars and bars; and again the United States flag. The history of the progress of civilization is tested by the archaeologist by excava­ tions in the earth's surface. Each layer of soil is to him a page of history. Such labors are not necessary in San Antonio. The streets which parallel each other can be readily compared to the strata of the earth which it took millions of years to form. The main business thoroughfares of this city are flanked by buildings which in size, beauty of architecture, and cost represent the latest and best examples of the builder's art. One street back will he found buildings representing the achievements of the generation pre­ ceding, and by faithfully exploring the city street by street one can find the mud-brick hovel, the log cabin, the hand-sawed lumber cottage, the stone house, the brick mansion and on up to the magnificent modern fire proof structure. In no other city of the world is such progress more clearly defined than in San Antonio.

134 SUMMARIZED, the following interesting facts about Sah Antonio may be noted: assessed valuation, $34,639,481; miles of street, 425, of which 71 miles are macadamized and 14 paved with asphalt or brick; population 93,035; area .'!(> square miles. Within the city limits are 22 parks and plazas, embracing 3771 acres; there are 55 churches, representing every denomination; there are 26 public schools giving employment to 19N teachers; in addition to these there are nearly as many private schools employing even a greater number of teachers; there are 7 national hanks, 4 private hanks and 2 state banks with a total deposit of over $15,000,000. The San Antonio River meanders through the city a total distance of 25 mile: , and is spanned by 17 large iron bridges and other smaller structures, making the number of bridges all told, in the city total 2,438. San Antonio a Reserve City.

The comptroller of currency has within the last few weeks designated San Antonio a reserve city and the local national and state banks have established a clearing house. Nearly every bank in the city is affiliated with it. The designation of San Antonio as a reserve city will probably double the deposits; for the bankers from all the smaller cities in this territory will select some San Antonio bank as their reserve agent. This will also have the effect of bringing much more trade here. When the last quarterly report was made, the hankers stated that in point of the number of individual depositors the banks were canyin.ii- the largest number in their history. This shows that the miequaled prosperity which has been experienced in this section for the past three"years has been pretty evenly divided. The following banks are members of the clearing house: Alamo National Bank, City National Bank, Frost National Bank, Lock wood National Bank, National Bank of Commerce, Woods National Bank. Groos and Company, B. &A. Oppenheimer, D. Sul­ livan and Co., American Bank and Trust Co., and West Texas Bank and Trust Co.

Alamo 'Beach.

The completion of the G. H. & S. A. Railway from San Antonio to Port Lavaca gives our city double train service to this sea port and has filled a long felt necessity, as it also puts our city in direct connection with Alamo Beach, our natural bathing, boat­ ing and hunting grounds. s& s& ^ Points of Interest.

LA.MO PLAZA: There is no more delightful introduction to San Antonio than is given by the first view of Alamo Plaza. Its semi-tropical verdure, always green and luxuriant, both in winter and summer, at once gives a favorable impression of the city and its really delightful climate. All of Alamo Plaza and the surrounding ground is historic. Across it the Mex­ ican army under Santa Anna marched in making their final assault on flu1 Alamo, which resulted in the annihilation of the brave Travis and his martyred comrades. It is really a portion of the original Alamo, the walls of that mis­ sion having formerly included it. Facing on Alamo Plaza are the Menger Hotel; the city ticket offices of the I. & 0. N.; the M. K. & T.; the Rock Island-Frisco; and the Sunset; the Grand Opera House, over which is the San Antonio Club, one of the most exclusive social clubs in the city; and the general offices of the S. A. & A. P. .lust after passing the plaza park, to the right can be seen the Alamo and the Mission San Antonio de Valero. THE FEDERAL BUILDING is at the northern end of this plaza. Its handsome Moorish architecture is especially striking and in keeping with the history of its sur­ roundings. Its arcades are duplicates of those which once adorned the Mission San An­ tonio de Valero, the building standing on the old burial ground of that mission, wherein were interred for nearly two hundred years the remains of the priests and nuns who were stationed at the Alamo and at San Antonio de Valero. When the ground was ex­ cavated for the foundations of the Federal building, the remains of many bodies were removed. The one story structure on the corner of Houston Street and Alamo Plaza just west of the Federal Building is erected on a foundation of a most unique character. In­ stead of using bricks to support the corners of this building the old brass cannons which did such valiant service in the defense of the Alamo were sunk in the ground for that purpose, four cannons at each corner. When this building is torn down these relics will be moved and will probably command a fancy price, as there is no quesion whatever as to their genuineness. HOUSTON STREET, Along its entire length, was at one time hut a straggling cattle trail, along which a number of small buildings sprung up. At the corner of Hous­ ton and St. Mary Streets is the Mahncke Hotel, in the rear of which is the original site of Fort Sam Houston. The old barracks are still standing, being now in use as a livery stable. The hotel itself was utilized for officers' quarters. General Robert F. Lee and General Albert Sidney Johnston were both, previous to the Civil War, in command of

127 these barracks. They resided on St. Mary Street. It was in San Antonio that both these famous and much loved Southern soldiers decided to cast their fate with the Confederacy. St. Marys's Church, in which have been celebrated some of the most fashion­ able weddings in the city is on St. Mary Street, about half a block from Houston. St. Mary's College for boys and the home of the Oblate Fathers adjoin St Mary's Church. The old Mahncke Hotel and the old barracks are soon to be razed to make place for a modern ten story fire-proof hotel to cost more than $1,000,000. Opposite the hotel, on the same side of Houston Street is the Odd Fellow's Hall which contains the Mahncke Apartments, besides a spacious lodge room used for the regular meetings of the Lodge and for numerous social functions. Opposite this Hotel will be found the Majestic theatre, devoted exclusively to vaudeville. The theatre they occupy is the old­ est place of amusement in the city, it having been San Antonio's first theatre. This however, is to be torn down to make room for a new modern theatre building. SOLEDAD STREET marks the beginning of the boundary of a territory as fruit­ ful in historical incidents and stirring scenes of war as those which occurred in the im­ mediate neighborhood of the Alamo. From the corner of Houston and Soledad Streets on around the loop which takes the car into Main Avenue and back into Houston Street is a small area of territory, every foot of which was desperately fought for on several occasions by the patriotic Texans. It was in this space that Ben Milam's troops fought inch by inch their final contest with the Mexicans, which resulted in the capture of San Antonio by the Texans, although it cost the life of brave Ben Milam. MAIN PLAZA was originally laid out by the Spaniards in 1731 for the residences of colonists, and was named "La Plaza de laConstitucion," afterwards changed to "La Plaza de los Istas." Around it was allotted ground for the homes of the Spanish colo­ nists who were sent over from the Canary Islands in 1730 to settle in Texas. The pre­ sidio, or garrison town, which sprang up around this plaza was called Bexar, and later formed the city known as San Antonio de Bexar. This plaza was the favored camping ground of the Mexican soldiers. Their tents were pitched here when the city was capt­ ured by Milam, and also during the siege of the Alamo by Santa Anna. SAN FERNANDO CATHEDRAL was originally the parish church and still continues to be so. It is the oldest of all the Spanish mission churches, and was erected by public subscription in 1732. It was on the roof of this building that Santa Anna mounted his cannon to besiege the Alamo. The foundations for a new church was laid in 1868. On the creation of the diocese of San Antonio it was raised to the dignity of a cathedral. A part of the original church remains. It is in the rear of the present edifice, having a dome-shaped roof which has withstood the vicissitudes of wear and weather for nearly three hundred years. THE SOUTHERN HOTEL is just south of the cathedral. It was once the home of one of the Spanish colonists, Don Cassiano, and is the site of one of the oldest hotels. It has for years been the favorite resort of the ranchmen, many of whose landed estates cover areas equal to those of many of the smaller kingdoms of Europe. THE BEXAR COUNTY COURT HOUSE is the palatial structure that rears its stately head on the southwest corner of Main Plaza. It is the largest, the most impos­ ing, and the most unique building of its kind in the state. It is built of red Pecos sand­ stone and red Texas granite. VERAMENDI PALACE.—On the left hand side of Soledad street between Com­ merce street and Houston is to be seen a small one-story adobe building This is the old palace of Governor Veramendi, one of the early Mexican governors of Texas. Tins

••••HH building is as historic as the Alamo. It was the center of social life during the Mexican rule, and has had beneath its hospitable roof all the famous men of the time. Santa Anna was a frequent visitor here, with his officers and men. Beneath its low ceiling and beside its large open hearth the noted Indian fighter and Texas patriot Bowie woed and won the Governor's daughter and the wedding which followed was attended by the gallant Dons and languishing Senoritas from all over the entire colony. It was here that Ben Milam met his death while driving the Mexican troops out of the city. The massive cedar doors which are still in use, were the work of a skilled Mexican artist who carved them out by hand. They have swung on their hinges for over one hundred years and are good for many more. This historical landmark will soon be razed to widen Soledad street in accordance with the demands of modern traffic. OBJECTS OF INTEREST: Soledad street from the junction of Houston to where it joins San Pedro avenue is lined on both sides with some of the old residences which were built in the early days of San Antonio. These houses were then considered palatial homes and were occupied by the leading citizens of San Antonio. On San Pedro Avenue are to be seen the magnificent Christian church on the right; on the left is the long-used High School building and the new Electric Park. The latter is one of the largest open air amusement places in the South, being equipped with all the latest pleasure devices to be found at Coney Island or any other of the great pleasure resorts. LAUREL HEIGHTS LOOP carries the visitor through the modern aristocratic residence districts in the city. Less than five years ago this entire section was simply a a thicket of mesquite clad hills. Its magnificence today is one of the best testimonials to the rapid growth of San Antonio. It will be noted that the mission, Spanish and Moorish styles of architecture prevail, showing that the fascinating history of this old town has left its impress indelibly upon the minds of the present generation. In the

130 last three years more than $7,000,000 have been spent for improvements in this section. From the crest of the hill towards the north lie the golf links and the country club. Adjoining the golf links, land is now being laid out for a magnificent residence park which will be known as San Antonio's millionaire residence district. SAN PEDRO PARK AND SPRINGS—As far back as the traditions of the Indi­ ans go, San Pedro Springs and their pure crystal waters were famed as a resting place for the tired traveler. For the possession of the springs hostile Indian tribes battled fiercely long before the white man invaded Texas. Around them settled the first agricul­ turists who came to profit by the bounteous crops which Texas alone produces. Under the direction of the monks, irrigation ditches were dug, which led the water to the places where it was most needed. These ditches are still used for irrigation purposes. On the banks of the spring have camped at various times Milam's Texas army, Santa Anna and his troops, the United States army on its way to invade Mexico, and it was here that the Confederates gathered previous to the surrender of the United States troops at Fort Sam Houston. The magnificent park now surrounding the springs isowned by the city and is open free to all. "Keep off the grass" signs are notrespected and it is the great playground of the younger children of the city. The stone building which can be seen from the car line is known as the powder house. Lnthedays when the Indi­ ans were troublesome it was used as a block house, the port holes through which the colonists fired on the red men can be seen in the tower walls. BRACKENRIDGE PARK.—San Antonio is a city of parks and plazas. The people take great pride in these many tropical spots scattered throughout the city; but none of them and few in the United States can compare in acreage with Brackenridge Park. It comprises 260 acres and is the gift of Col. George W. Brackenridge. It re­ mains practically in its natural state and persons wandering through its shaded drive-

131 ways can easily imagine themselves surrounded by the virgin wilderness which once covered this entire section, The San Antonio river winds its serpentine way through its magnificent groves. No hunter with dog or gun is allowed within its confines, and the visitor will find the trees filled with birds of brilliant plumage, who saucily sing their airy songs in his very face without fear of molestation. Squirrels scamper in the trees, rabbits hop unmolested through the underbrush, and the naturalist who is interested in either the flora or the fauna of Texas may spend days and weeks in the park and still not exhaust its treasures. In separate preserves are to be found one of the few herds of buffalo which still exist in the United States; more than one hundred deer; and the largest herd of elk in the South. Water birds of all kinds thrive on the banks of the river. This park is dedicated for a family resort, and the deed giving it to the city pro­ vides that no intoxicating liquors shall be brought into, consumed or sold in any por­ tion of the park. The magnificent red brick building to be seen some distance north of the park is the Brackenridge Villa, a college conducted by the Catholic Sisters of the Incarnate Word. About a half a mile to the east of Brackenridge Park is Mahncke Park of 94 acres, also the gift of Col. Brackenridge. Beyond the Brackenridge Villa is located one of San Antonio's select suburban residence districts, beautiful Alamo Heights. THE BREWERIES.—To the right of River Avenue, returning from Brackenridge Park can be seen San Antonio's two great breweries. The first is the City Brewery, the second is the Lone Star. FORT SAM HOUSTON.—On Government Hill is Fort Sam Houston, the second largest post in the United States at present, and soon to be the largest and most im­ portant. For its improvement the government has already spent more than $3,000,000.

132 In its ample barracks and officers quarters are accommodations sufficient for an entire brigade. At present the forces consist of a Brigadier General commanding the Depart­ ment of Texas, a regiment of infantry, a regiment of cavalry and a battery of artillery. The border posts are soon to be abandoned and the entire brigade will be stationed at this post. There are now three posts, known as the Upper Post, the Lower Post and the New Post. North of the New Post is a target and manoeuver ground of over 1000 acres. At Leon Springs 30,000 acres have been purchased for a permanent manoeuver ground. At this place there will be held annually the great joint manoeuvers of the regular army and the troops of all the Southern States. At that time there will proba­ bly be as many as fifteen or twenty thousand troops "on the ground at one time. The Upper Post is to the right of New Braunfels Avenue. It contains the upper parade ground, extensive barracks for the soldiers, quarters for the officers and the offices of the Post Commander. DEPARTMENT HEADQUARTERS is known as "the Quadrangle," because the buildings are arranged so as to form a hollow square. It is in these offices that all the business connected with the Post is conducted. An entrance through the sally-port reveals a beautiful park, in which a good-sized herd of deer and various water birds enjoy themselves, entirely unafraid of the passer-by. In the center of the quadrangle is a high clock tower, from the top of which can be seen the most beautiful view of San Antonio that is possible to obtain anywhere in the city. Days spent in traveling through the city and its suburbs will not give the visitor anything like so adequate an idea of the city as thirty minutes spent in this tower will give. LOWER POST.—The Lower Post is flanked on the west and north by the offi­ cers'quarters, among which is the residence of the General commanding the Depart­ ment of Texas. On the extensive parade grounds all the great reviews are held. Here

133 three presidents of the United States, Harrison, McKinley and Roosevelt have reviewed the troops. The last review was held in honor of Secretary of War Taft, who inspected the Post last fall. There are weekly dress parades and daily concerts by the military hand. ON HOUSTON STREET.—At the corner of Houston and Nacogdoches street is Turner Hall, the beautiful hall of the San Antonio Turn-Verein. At the corner of Main Avenue is one of the old Spanish ditches or acequias, which at one time brought the water from San Pedro Springs to furnish the city with water both for drinking and irri­ gation purposes. The First Presbyterian church, the oldest Protestant church in San Antonio is at the corner of Houston and North Flores streets. It will be noted by its tower and other peculiar architectural features. MILAM SQUARE is the most magnificent plaza lying to the left of Houston Street. In the center is the grave of Ben Milam, over which is a neat monument. This grave is strewn with flowers on each anniversary of Texas Independence Day, March 2, and appropriate exercises are held at which all the public school children of the city participate. Milam Park was the first Protestant cemetery. When the cemetery was abandoned to make way for the park, Milam's remains alone were undisturbed. The large building to the south of the park is the public market house and the group of build­ ings to the north is the Santa Rosa Infirmary. Continuing west on the West End street car line one lands at West End, one of the most substantial suburbs around the city. Here is located many of the leading boarding colleges for both youths and misses. MILITARY PLAZA: Returning from the I. & G. N. depot along Commerce Street to the Military Plaza the car goes via Dolorosa Street, the Engilsh meaning of which is "Road of Sorrow," so called because it was originally the road along which all funerals passed to the cemeteries. In the center of Military Plaza is the City Hall. The

134 plaza was originally called "Plaza des Armes" and was devoted to the Spanish military garrison. On the west side was formerly the palace of Governor Cordero, the first Span­ ish governor of Texas. The governor's coat of arms is still visible on the walls of the building. SOUTH FLORES STREET enters Military Plaza at the southwest corner and by going via this street the visitor has a view of the United States Arsenal. It covers twenty acres of ground and is enclosed by a substantial rock and iron fence. It was commenced in 1860 and completed in 1874. TRIP TO HOT WELLS: A ride to Hot Wells via Garden and Presa Streets transports the visitor from the city proper to the suburbs. To the right may be seen the venerable time blackened towers of the Mission Conception, one ot the oldest of the Texas missions, and soon the tower of the Main building of the San Antonio Inter­ national Fair Grounds is seen. Here a grand fair is held each year in the fall. On these grounds the celebrated Rough Riders were organized by Dr. Leonard Wood and Theo­ dore Roosevelt. This was their camping and training ground until they left for Cuba where they did such valiant service in the Spanish-American war. In April, 1900, the Rough Riders' Re-union was held on their old camping ground, with President Roose­ velt as their guest. The Hot Wells hotel and bath-house are outside the city limits. The hotel is beauti­ fully and picturesquely located and has accommodations for a large number of guests. In connection are bath-houses which utilize the water of the hot sulphur well, sunk by the state. This water has a temperature of 104 degrees and is said to possess medicinal qualities equal to those of the famous Hot Springs of Arkansas. At the end of the car line is the Southwestern Insane Asylum, maintained by the state.

mmmmmmmmmmtm•••MM "The Dawn at the Alamo," 1836. ( Copyrighted.

(The Fall of the Alamo.) This picture recognised as being historical by the legislature artist, Henry McArdle, original and its companion, (The Battle of San Jacinto.) in Senate Chamber of Capitol, at Austin, Texas. The Alamo.

JHE main historic point of San Antonio is the Alamo Plaza, formerly the Plaza de Valero, for on it is the famous and historic Alamo. Its ecclesi­ astical name was the Mission de San Antonio de Valero, so called from San Anthony of Padua, the patron saint of the city, and the Duke de Valero, the Spanish Viceroy. How it came to be called the Alam8, is a matter of conjecture. Alamo signifies cotton wood and as the building lies under the shade of such big trees, this may have originated the name, but it is quite possible that as the first garrison came from Fort Alamo de Parras in the Province of Coahuila, Mexico, they gave it that name. This mission seems to have had a migratory existence prior to its settlement on its present site. It was originally established in 1703 on the cienagua of the Rio Grande, thence it was moved to San Ildephonso. After that it was removed to San Antonio. It was first at San Pedro Springs, then on the Military Plaza and afterwards where it now stands. The building was erected in 1718, but the corner stone bears the date of \Tu. The reason for this discrepancy is not known. It would appear as if the building was firsl of a different form to what it was known later, that originally there were two towers and a belfry to sound an alarm on the approach of hostile Indians, and to call the people to mass. Apparently in design it originally resembled the first mission as it is seen The Alamo as a mission was in charge of the Franciscan monks, wh lucated and christianized the friendly Indians and protected them, the huge thick walls being invulnerable to attack. There were no windows then on the lower floor and Indians had to shoot arrows upward, striking the ceiling and doing no harm. When in 1718 a military post was established here and the conquest of Texas was attempted by the French, who then controlled Louisiana, it was found necessary to have a fort and the Alamo was a most desirable place for it. In 1757, it was secularized by royal decree, and it is possible that changes were then made in the building to adapt it for military purposes and that the stone merely commemorates the changes. However this may be, the Alamo became then the protective fortress of the city and no doubt was occupied by part of the garrison. It was first captured by Major Kemper, of the Magee expedition, who defeated General Salcedo in 1812. These were American revolutionists and Mexican malcontents. A year later General Arredondo, at the head of a superior Mexican army, re-conquered it and Mexicans were again in possession, and it remained in their control until 1835, when gallant old Ben Milam, with a few brave companions, invaded San Antonio, capt­ ured it, and General De Cos, head of the Mexican army surrendered, evacuated it and retired with his army into Mexico. The Texan colonists remained in peaceable possession until February 1836, when General Santa Anna, President of Mexico and Commander-in-chief of the Mexican army, besieged the city. His army consisted of 6000 men, picked men of the country; while the Texan army consisted of only 145 efficient men. This was later augmented by 32 men who came from Gonzales. The invasion of Santa Anna was not unexpected and Travis, then in command, had been ordered to fall back on Goliad, where a large force of Texans were in camp. Instead of this, he and his men fortified themselves in the Alamo and Travis sent to the provisional government for re-enforcements, with his immortal declaration: "I shall never retreat or surrender." Owing to the confusion of the time and other disobedience no relief was sent until too late, except the men from Gonzales, who merely added to the butchery. Santa Anna hoisted the black flag on the parish church, (now San Fernando Cathedral), which signified "no quarter" and commenced a vigorous cannonading, which continued, with few intervals, but did no material damage to the building and injured none of the gallant defenders. The Texans' fire was sparsely delivered for they were short on ammunition, and wisely reserved it for the final attack. Santa Anna chafed under being kept at bay and feared re-inforcements might arrive, and it was decided that an attack should be made at dawn on Sunday, March 6th, 1836, and at that time Santa Anna, at the head of his army, marched to the Alamo. The attack was made in six columns and at different points. For some time the brave defenders kept the Mexicans off and killed many, but the reserves were brought to the front and the Mexicans succeeded in making breaches in the walls and in scaling them. Then occurred a most desperate hand to hand fight, which is thus described by Santa Anna in his official report: "They (the Mexicans) met with a stubborn resistance. The combat lasted more than an hour and a half and the reserves had to be brought into action. The scene offered by this engagement was extraordinary. The men fought individually vieing with each other in heroism." But resistance against such an overwhelming force was in vain, and every Texan perished in the strife. The commander, Travis, was killed at the gun; Dave Crockett died in the main building; Bowie, who was sick in bed in one of the side rooms, near the door, died fighting, and Bonham met with a like fate. Major Evans was killed as he was attempting to explode the powder magazine. The original and copyright owned by C. H. Mueller^ San Antonio, Texas,

The Fall of the Alamo, March 6th, 1836. Thus was the Alamo captured and its brave defenders died. Santa Anna's vengeance did not end here. To his eternal disgrace he caused the bodies of the Texas heroes to be burned to ashes. A funeral pyre was made of a layer of wood and a layer of bodies, alternately, and when it was completed, the pyre was lighted and it burned until reduced to ashes. Santa Anna's victory cost him dearly. In his report he says that he lost 75 men and had 300 wounded, among whom were 25 officers, but Don Pancho Ruiz, who was alcalde (mayor) at the time, and a Mexican, says that the loss was over 2000 men, and there is every reason to believe he was correct because he buried the bodies. It was the battle of the Alamo and its terrible finale and the massacre of Texan prisoners of war at Goliad that lead to the defeat of Santa Anna at San Jacinto, April 21, 1836, when the Texans met the Mexican army. The Texans knew that they would find no mercy at the hands of Santa Anna, that the honor of the wives and their homes were at stake, and they fought with a desperation that was terrible. With the cry of "Remember the Alamo," "Remember Goliad," they made a furious onslaught on the Mexican army. The Mexicans fought well, but had to fall back in disorder and were utterly routed and defeated. Their loss of life in battle was terrible, and many perished in the river in the rear, in trying to escape. Santa Anna was captured in disguise next day. His life was spared but he had to sign a treaty recognizing Texas as a free and independent State. In spite of this treaty, Santa Anna continued to claim Texas as a province of the Mexican Republic and attempts were made to reconquer it. The first was by General Visquez in 1843, but he contented himself with claiming sovereignty and changing the civic officers. He remained only two days and then returned to Mexico. In September next General Woll came and took possession of the city. The Texans retreated to the

141 outskirts of the city and there organized. Woll attacked the Texans on September 17, but was ignominiously defeated and retreated to the Alamo. The next day he evacu­ ated San Antouio and returned to Mexico. In 1845 the Republic of Texas joined the United States and became one of the many states under the stars and stripes. The Mexican claims to Texas was the cause of the Mexican war. In their victory the Americans secured a recognition of Texas as United States territory and since that time Mexico has made no attempt to reclaim her lost province. The Alamo church remained neglected and in ruins for years until the United States had it re-roofed and fixed up for use of the quartermaster's department and it was so used until Texas seceded from the Union, and then the Confederates used it for the same purposes. When the civil war was over the United States again took possession of it and held it until the department was moved to Fort Sam Houston. Then the famous old church had a further degredation. It was leased to Honore Grenet, a merchant in an adjoining store and was used as a store house. The Alamo church property was purchased by the State May 12, 1883, for $20,- 000, and placed in the custody of the city of San Antonio on the condition that the city should take care of it and provide a custodian. Under this arrangement the Alamo was cleared of the wooden fixings of the U. S. quartermasters, etc., and placed in the clean condition it is seen today. The Alamo is open to visitors from 9 a. m. until 12 noon; and from 2 until 5 p. m. daily except Sunday. It should be added that by a recent legislative enactment the care of the Alamo church and grounds adjoining has been placed with the Daughters of the Republic of Texas.

142 The Alissions.

HERE are no more interesting historical sights in San Antonio than the four Missions, or old Spanish churches, located to the south of the city. These are the monuments of the first Spanish settlements and the first attempt in the southwest to civilize and Christianize the Indians. The missions are four in number and are the best example of ancient ecclesi­ astical architecture in existence. They form the basis from which the arch­ itects of today have designed the many beautiful mission homes to be seen in all parts of this city. All are within ten miles of the city and are connected with San Antonio by excellent roadways. A drive to view them is one of the most charming and pleasant that a tourist can possibly enjoy in this section. The macadam­ ized roadways pass through beautiful groves and along each side are the irrigated farms which have, within the past few years, demonstrated the magnificent agricultural possi­ bilities of this fertile section. A trip to the missions will not only give a person an opportunity of viewing these great historic landmarks, but will also give him an excel­ lent idea of the country surrounding San Antonio, which contributes so much to the prosperity of the city. The missions in their time were more than mere places of worship. Connected with each was the "convento" in which the priests lived and surrounding them were the fields in which the civilized Indians labored. The erection of each mission was the result of prodigious labor. The buildings are for the most part made of small stones embedded in cement and these materials had to be brought many miles on the backs of the Indians. The fact that, despite years of neglect, they stand today is a living testi­ mony to the substantial way in which they were built. The first mission, which can be seen and reached from the Hot Wells car line, is Concepicon, noted for its twin towers. It was built in 1734 and is still used as a place of worship. Services are held here twice a year and thousands of the loyal Catholics of San Antonio make a pilgrimage on foot from the San Fernando Cathedral to this mis­ sion. In addition to its religious significance, this pilgrimage is supposed to bring a season of good luck to all who participate. This is the best preserved of all the missions. San Jose, built is 1711, is known as the second mission and represents the most artistic conception and the most finished architecture of anything of its kind in the southwest. Its front is adorned with statues and other carvings which are the life work of a noted religious sculptor. The window to the south is said to be one of the best pieces of ancient carving to be found anywhere in the world. Here can be seen the arcades which were a distinctive feature of all the missions as well as the ovens and other domestic features of the old missions. A trip to San Antonio can hardly be con­ sidered complete without a visit to this mission, as it is only a short walk across the fields from the Hot Wells Hotel, The other two missions, San Juan and San Francisco de Espada are at a consid- able distance from the city and are much smaller and much more dilapidated than the first two missions. They are not particularly worthy of the attention of a traveler who has but a short time in the city. A particular feature of the third mission is the old stone wall showing the hollow square in which all the missions are arranged. San Antonio Printing Company L. B. CLEGG, Pres. and Treas.

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