STUDY ON P LANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF

INRM Consultants Pvt Ltd

Final Report No. 4.4

Ground Water Study by Agroclimatic Zones

Main Report

July 2014

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Contents Page Contents i Abbreviations and Acronyms vii 1. Executive Summary ...... 1 2. Introduction ...... 11 3. Objectives ...... 11 4. Methodology ...... 11 4.1 Data Collection...... 11 4.2 Data Validation...... 12 4.3 Completion of Missing Data ...... 14 4.3.1 Data Synchronization With Different Files ...... 14 4.3.2 Data Correction ...... 14 4.3.3 Data Gaps ...... 14 4.4 Long Term Groundwater Levels and Predictions ...... 14 4.5 Groundwater Quality ...... 16 4.5.1 Creation of Time Series ...... 18 4.5.2 Data Analysis ...... 18 4.6 Ground water Suitability for Agriculture ...... 19 4.7 Groundwater Abstraction Village-wise ...... 20 4.8 Assessment of Dynamic Ground Water Resources ...... 20 4.9 Assessment of Static Ground Water Resources ...... 21 5. Geology of Rajasthan ...... 22 5.1 Introduction ...... 22 5.2 Aravalli Super Group ...... 24 5.3 Delhi Super Group ...... 24 5.4 Vindhyan Super Group ...... 24 6. Hydrogeological Units...... 26 7. Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan ...... 29 7.1 ACZ Ia- Arid Western Plain ...... 32 7.2 ACZ Ib - Irrigated North-Western Plains ...... 32 7.3 ACZ Ic - Hyper-Arid and Partly Irrigated Western Plain ...... 33 7.4 ACZ IIa - Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage...... 33 7.5 ACZ IIb - Transitional Plain of Luni Basin ...... 34 7.6 ACZ IIIa - Semi-arid Eastern Plain ...... 34 7.7 ACZ IIIb - Flood-Prone Eastern Plains ...... 35 7.8 ACZ IVa - Sub-humid Southern Plains and the Aravalli Hills ...... 35 7.9 ACZ IVb - Humid Southern Plains ...... 36 7.10 ACZ V - Humid South-Eastern Plains ...... 36 8. Groundwater Study in Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan ...... 37 8.1 Depth to Groundwater ...... 39 8.2 Groundwater Levels and Flow Directions ...... 39 8.3 Groundwater Level Fluctuation ...... 40 8.4 Long-Term Water Level Trends ...... 41 8.5 Long-Term Drafts ...... 41 8.6 Groundwater Quality ...... 42 8.6.1 Ground Water Quality- Village-Wise ...... 42 8.7 Static Groundwater Storage ...... 44 8.8 Dynamic Groundwater Resources...... 66 8.9 Stage of Groundwater Development ...... 86 8.10 Categorization of Assessment Units ...... 86 9. Detailed Groundwater Study by Agro Climatic Zones ...... 87 9.1 Ground Water Study of ACZ Ia ...... 87 9.2 Ground Water Study of ACZ Ib ...... 87 9.3 Ground Water Study of ACZ Ic ...... 87

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9.4 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIa ...... 87 9.5 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIb ...... 87 9.6 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIIa ...... 87 9.7 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIIb ...... 87 9.8 Ground Water Study of ACZ IVa ...... 88 9.9 Ground Water Study of ACZ IVb ...... 88 9.10 Ground Water Study of ACZ V ...... 88 10. Life Expectancy of Aquifer Systems ...... 88 11. Recommendations for New Exploratory Wells ...... 97 12. Sample Survey of Groundwater Monitoring Stations ...... 107 12.1 Hydrograph Network Stations ...... 107 12.2 Visited Hydrograph Stations ...... 107 12.3 Status of Hydrograph Network Stations Visited ...... 116 12.4 Comments and Suggestions ...... 148 13. Optimization of Groundwater Monitoring Network ...... 159 14. Recommendations ...... 159 14.1 Action Plan for Long Term Management of Aquifer Systems ...... 169

 List of Figures Page Figure 4.1 Schematic Description of the Process and Main Stages of data 13 Validation Figure 4.2 Correlation between TDS and EC. (Sample from ) 17 Figure 4.3 Correlation between Cl and EC (Sample from Tonk District) 18 Figure 5.1 Geological Map of Rajasthan Following 22 Figure 6.1 Hydrogeological Map of Rajasthan Following 28 Figure 7.1 Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan 31 Figure 7.2 Map of Blocks and Districts within Agro-climatic Zones Following 34 Figure 8.1 Depth to Ground Water Level Map of Rajasthan State (Pre At the end Monsoon 2010) Figure 8.2 Depth to Ground Water Level Map of Rajasthan State (Post At the end Monsoon 2010) Figure 8.3 Static Water Level Map of Rajasthan State (Pre Monsoon 2010) At the end Figure 8.4 Average Ground water Level Fluctuation 1984-2010 At the end Figure 8.5 Long Term Ground Water Level Trends Pre Monsoon 1984-2010 At the end Figure 8.6 Long Term Ground Water Level Trends Post Monsoon 1984-2010 At the end Figure 8.7 Annual Average Draft 1995-2009 (Block Wise) At the end Figure 8.8 Annual Average Draft Per Unit Area 1995-2009 (Block Wise) At the end Figure 8.9 Relative Change in Drafts 1995-2009 (Block Wise) At the end Figure 8.10 Distribution of Chloride in Ground Water (Pre Monsoon 2010) At the end Figure 8.11 Distribution of Electrical Conductivity of Ground Water (Pre At the end Monsoon 2010) Figure 8.12 Distribution of Nitrate in Ground Water (Pre Monsoon 2010) At the end Figure 8.13 Distribution of Fluoride in Ground Water (Pre Monsoon 2010) At the end Figure 8.14 Fresh Static Ground Water Storage, 2010 (Block Wise) At the end Figure 8.15 Saline Static Ground Water Storage, 2010 (Block Wise) At the end Figure 8.16 Dynamic Fresh Ground Water Availability, 2010 (Block Wise) At the end Figure 8.17 Dynamic Saline Ground Water Availability, 2010 (Block Wise) At the end

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Figure 8.18 Stage of Ground Water Development, 2010 (Block Wise) At the end Figure 8.19 Categorization of Blocks As Per Ground Water Assessment, 2010 At the end Figure 10.1 Life Expectancy of Aquifer At 50% Utilizable Saturated Thickness At the end Level Figure 10.2 Life Expectancy of Aquifer At 100% Utilizable Saturated Thickness At the end Level Figure 11.1 The conceptual process for locating new exploratory wells 99 Figure 11.2 Aquifer Map of Rajasthan Showing Location of Proposed At the end Exploratory Tube Wells Figure 14.1 Schematic illustration of the conceptual model for the recovery plan 171 of aquifer units in over exploited blocks – groundwater draft Figure 14.2 Schematic illustration of the conceptual model for the recovery plan 171 of aquifer units in over exploited blocks – groundwater levels

 List of Tables Page Table 4.1 Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation in respect of SAR Levels 19 Table 4.2 Groundwater Quality Classification for Irrigation 19 Table 4.3 Classification of irrigation water 20 Table 4.4 Various Parameters adopted for Estimation of Static Groundwater 22 Resources Table 5.1 Geological Succession of Rock Formations in Rajasthan 23 Table 6.1 Major 19 Hydrogeological Formations with the area covered by each 27 Unit in Rajasthan Table 6.2 General Aquifer Characteristics of 19 Hydrogeological Formations 28 Table 6.3 Aquifer-wise Ground Water Level Fluctuation in Rajasthan 29 Table 7.1 Summary of Agroclimatic Zones of Rajasthan 30 Table 8.1 ACZ wise Aquifer Units and their Areas 37 Table 8.2(a) Groundwater Suitability Norms for Drinking Purpose 43 Table 8.2(b) Groundwater Suitability Norms for Livestock and Poultry 43 Table 8.3 ACZ wise Number of villages under suitable and unsuitable category for 44 Drinking, Irrigation and Livestock Purposes Table 8.4 Block wise details of static ground water storage in Agro Climatic Zones 46 of Rajasthan Table 8.5 Block wise details of dynamic ground water availability in Agro Climatic 67 Zones of Rajasthan Table 10.1 Life Expectancy of the Aquifer Units – predicted available saturated 92 thickness (with respect to 2010 saturated thickness levels) Table 11.1 Summary of Proposed New Exploratory Wells by ACZ's and Aquifer 100 Units Table 11.2 Proposed Locations of New Exploratory Wells 101 Table 12.1 Agroclimatic Zone Wise number of Hydrograph Stations Checked in 107 Rajasthan Table 12.2 District-wise List of Hydrographs Station Checked in Agro Climatic 108 Zones Table 12.3 Present Status of Hydrograph Stations 117 Table 14.1 Action Plan based on Recommendations 163 Table 14.2 Block-wise Long-term Management of Aquifer Systems 173



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List of Annexes (end of the report) Annex 1 Data Validation of observation wells (CGWB/RGWD) in State Annex 2(a) Data of Exploratory wells/ Piezometer wells of CGWB/RGWD for ACZs in State Annex Location/Village details of Hydrogeological Characteristics of Aquifer Units 2(b) for ACZs in State Annex 2(c) Ground water level Data (1984-2010) of observation wells (CGWB/RGWD) of State Annex 3(a) Time-series of hydrochemical data of various ACZs in State Annex 3(b) Hydrochemical data-computation of SAR values of well waters for various ACZs in State Annex 4 Village-wise Suitability of ground water for drinking irrigation/livestock use in State (ACZ wise) Annex 5(a) Procedure for assessment of ground water abstractions Annex 5(b) Village-wise ground water abstraction in various ACZs of State Annex 6(a) Procedure of assessment of Dynamic ground water recharge, availability, stage of ground water development in various blocks/districts (ACZ-wise) in State Annex 6(b) Village-wise assessment of dynamic ground water resources (fresh/saline) by ACZs in State Annex 7(a) Procedure for assessment of static ground water resources Annex 7(b) Village-wise assessment of static ground water (fresh/saline), ACZ-wise in State Annex 8 Long term Groundwater Draft in ACZs of Rajasthan Annex 9 Supportive Data of Long-term groundwater level trends Annex 10 Supportive Data of Long-term groundwater quality trends

 Volume 2 Appendices

Appendix No. Agroclimatic Zone Volume 2a 1 Agroclimatic Zone Ia 2 Agroclimatic Zone Ib 3 Agroclimatic Zone Ic 4 Agroclimatic Zone IIa Volume 2b 5 Agroclimatic Zone IIb 6 Agroclimatic Zone IIIa 7 Agroclimatic Zone IIIb Volume 2c 8 Agroclimatic Zone IVa 9 Agroclimatic Zone IVb 10 Agroclimatic Zone V



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Volume 3 Maps Atlas

Sr. No. Basins 1 Agroclimatic Zone Ia 2 Agroclimatic Zone Ib 3 Agroclimatic Zone Ic 4 Agroclimatic Zone IIa 5 Agroclimatic Zone IIb 6 Agroclimatic Zone IIIa 7 Agroclimatic Zone IIIb 8 Agroclimatic Zone IVa 9 Agroclimatic Zone IVb 10 Agroclimatic Zone V



Volume 4

Ground Water Monitoring Network Optimization



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Abbreviations and Acronyms

ACZ Agro-Climatic Zone amsl Above Mean Sea Level

BDO Block Development Office bmp Below Measuring Point

CAD Computer Added Design CGWB Central Groundwater Board Cl Chloride CWC Central Water Commission C4S4, C4S1 etc. Class of Irrigation Water

DD Drawdown DWLR Digital Water Level Recorder

EC Electrical Conductivity ENE East North East EU European Union EW Exploratory Well

F Fluoride

GIS Geographical Information System GPS Global Positioning System GSI Geological Survey of

ha Hectare HCO 3 Bicarbonate hr Hour HS Hydrograph Stations

IMD India Meteorological Department INRM Integrated Natural Resources Management

Km 2 Square kilometre

Lpd Litre per day Lps Litre per second

m metre m2 Square metre m3 Cubic metre Max. Maximum

mg/l Miligram per litre m3/hr Cubic metres per hour Mm 3/ MCM Million cubic metres Mm 3/yr Million cubic metres per year vii

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Min. Minimum mm millimetre

N North Na Sodium na (or n.a.) Not applicable, or: Not available NE Northeast NO 3 Nitrate NR Non-Reporting / Natural Replenishment NW Northwest

ONGC Oil and Natural Gas Corporation OW Observation wells

PHED Public Health Engineering Department

PWD Public Works Department PZ Potential Zone PZ Piezometer

Q Specific Discharge q Hourly Discharge

RGWD Rajasthan Groundwater Department RSC Residual Sodium Carbonate RSMML Rajasthan State Mines & Minerals Limited

S South / Storativity SAR Sodium Adsorption Ratio SE Southeast SH Slim Hole SO 4 Sulphate SRTM Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission SW South-west SWL Static Water Level SWRPD State Water Resources Planning Department

T Tonne; Transmissivity TA Total Alkalinity TDS Total Dissolved Solids TH Total Hardness as CaCO3 ToR Terms of Reference

WAPCOS Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Ltd. WRPD Water Resources Planning Department

yr Year

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1. Executive Summary The report deals with the groundwater situation of the 10 agro climatic zones (ACZ) of Rajasthan. The agro climatic zones have been defined according to the prevailing climatic conditions in each zone, i.e. hyper-arid, arid, semi-arid, sub-humid and humid - and according to the crops grown in the zone, irrigation, etc. The main objective of the report is to present up-to-date status of ground water conditions in the state by Agro Climatic Zones. Methodology adopted includes data collection, data validation, data verification and data processing that resulted in preparation of ground water resource characteristic maps as well as compilation and assessment of dynamic and static ground water resources. The methodology comprised access to and visualization and analysis of primary data as well as desk study of available maps and published information. Given the information an analysis was undertaken for characterization of aquifer system and evaluation of long-term decline in levels of ground water, changes in ground water resources and ground water quality. The analysis has been done by taking into consideration the geology and hydrogeology of complex aquifer systems of various ACZs. Detailed assessment of ground water availability in alluvial, sedimentary and hardrock aquifers includes present status of ground water resources and changes in these resources over the period of time. Extensive agricultural land use and dynamic hydrologic connection between land surface and ground water has inversely rendered the aquifers vulnerable to chemical contamination as revealed through nitrate and fluoride levels of ground water in the area in relation to land use practices and geo- genic factors. Groundwater observation-well data of Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) and Rajasthan Groundwater Department (RGWD) were compiled and used for the purpose of preparing depth to groundwater level maps, groundwater quality maps (salinity, chloride, nitrate and fluoride), groundwater level contour maps, and more. All the data are enclosed in annexes and presented as tables and maps along with this report. The data of a total 7611 observation wells of RGWD and 1588 observation wells of CGWB were considered for preparation of water-table contour maps, pre-monsoon and post- monsoon depth to water level and groundwater quality maps for year 2010. The entire state is classified into 19 hydrogeological units and described ACZ-wise. The locations, extent and nature of aquifer units have been determined; groundwater recharge and abstraction quantities evaluated; potential yield of wells and aquifers estimated; and groundwater chemical quality parameters described. Block-wise and Aquifer-wise condition of ground water level trends have also been analysed for each of the ACZs. The long-term declining trend in the ground water levels have been analysed for the period 1984-2010. Rates of ground water decline vary widely from a minimum of 0.01m/yr in block to a maximum of 1.88m/yr in block of district. Periodic rise in ground water levels for years of good rainfall have also been observed. Ground water quality maps based mainly on four parameters chloride, fluoride, nitrate and electrical conductivity levels have been prepared for each ACZ. Seasonal changes in ground water quality based on hydro- chemical time-series data have been prepared and annexed. Mixed changes in chemical characters of ground water are noticed between pre and post monsoon analytical results.

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The net dynamic fresh ground water availability for the state is assessed as 10613.83 Mm 3. It varies from 456.54 Mm 3 in ACZ Ic to 1907.60 Mm 3 in ACZ IIIb. The total saline dynamic ground water availability in the state is assessed as 3621.96 Mm 3 and it ranges from 2.75 Mm 3 in ACZ V to 1613.75 Mm 3 in ACZ Ib. Similarly, the static ground water resource in the state (fresh) is assessed as 32914.17 Mm 3 and saline as 29725.51 Mm 3. The static (fresh) ground water resources range from 87.67 Mm 3 in ACZ IVb to as high as 8787.44 Mm 3 in ACZ Ic. The village wise suitability of ground water quality for different uses is also assessed. Out of 41,704 villages (as per census 2001) in various ACZs, 21041 have been found suitable for drinking water use, 26191 suitable for irrigation water use and 36827 suitable for livestock water use. Summary of individual Agro Climatic Zone is given below: ACZ Ia The Agro Climatic Zone Ia covers an area of 45,577.83 km 2 in the south western part of the state includes 15 blocks in district Barmer and . The main hydrogeological formations of the ACZ are Younger & Older Alluvium of Quaternary to Recent age Vindhyan Sandstone and Limestone of Super Group Tertiary Sandstone, Granite and Rhyolite of post Delhi age. The average depth to water during pre-monsoon 2010 ranges between 5.00 and 60.00 meters bgl with an overall average of 40.00 m. At some locations the depth to water level have been recorded below 150 meters from ground level in western and south- western part of Barmer, central and northern part of . The average fluctuation (1984-2010) in the ACZ varies between 0.61 m and 2.72 meters. Long term groundwater level (1984-2010) trend indicate the rate of decline as -0.14 m/yr in whereas the rate of decline in Jodhpur district is -0.22 m/yr which is almost double the rate recorded in Barmer district. Majority of blocks covering both the district show declining trend up to -0.25 m/yr expect Bap block of Jodhpur district and Barmer block of Barmer district show slightly rising trend. The maximum declining rate of -0.78 to -0.95m/yr was observed in Bawari and block of Jodhpur district respectively. Groundwater draft between the year 1995 and 2009 indicates 8.76% increase in draft in Barmer district, whereas in Jodhpur district it has increased to more than 111% in the same period. Groundwater in the major part of the ACZ is found unsuitable for drinking as per the values of all 4 parameters of Chloride (Cl), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Nitrate (NO3) and Fluoride (F). Out of total 15 blocks only two blocks viz Barmer block of Barmer district and Bap block of Jodhpur district have the stage of groundwater development and categorised as "safe", Luni block of Jodhpur district having stage of development of 82.42% is categorised as "semi-critical". Two blocks viz Chohtan and Sindhari of Barmer district have stage of development 99.22% and 98.41% respectively are categorised as "critical". The remaining blocks have stage of development of more than 100% and are categorised as "Over-exploited".

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Looking to the high rate of extraction of groundwater gradual reduction of extraction is recommended in order to return to sustainable management. Starting from the year 2020 groundwater pumping should be reduced by ~ 5% each year, meanwhile the water sources may either be developed, conserved, augmented and or imported. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 465.10 Mm 3. The static ground water resource availability in the ACZ is 11009.88 Mm 3 out of which fresh static groundwater availability is 7413.16 Mm3 and static (saline) groundwater resource is 3596.72 Mm 3. Out of total 2,713 villages in ACZ, 303 are fit for drinking, 407 for irrigation water use and 1,811 for livestock water use. ACZ Ib The Agro Climatic Zone Ib covers Ganganagar and district, having an area of 20,620.77 km 2 in the northern part of the state. The main hydrogeological formation in the ACZ is Younger & Older Alluvium of Quaternary to Recent Age. The depth to groundwater level pre-monsoon 2010 ranges from 5.00 to 40.00 meters below ground level with in average of 15 m. Average fluctuation of ground water (1984-2010) ranges from -0.11 m to +0.77 m. Long term groundwater level trend recorded in Ganganagar district is 0.40 m/yr whereas in the rise is moderate i.e. at the rate of 0.19 m/yr. In both the districts, groundwater level trend show moderate rise, except in Tibi block of Hanumangarh district which show average decline at the rate of upto 0.09 m/yr. Groundwater draft between the year 1995 and 2009 in Ganganagar is stable and stays almost unchanged whereas in Hanumangarh district it has increased by 27%. In respect of chemical quality of groundwater the values of Cl are within permissible limit (except in the western part in , , block in the central part of the Ganganagar district) and suitable for drinking purpose whereas EC values indicate that isolated patch distributed all over the ACZ are unsuitable for drinking purpose. Values of F and NO 3 vary widely from permissible to unsuitable limits. The Stage of groundwater development in most part of ACZ is below 75%. Only Suratgarh block of Ganganagar district and Hanumangarh, and Tibi blocks of Hanumangarh district exhibits the value from 75% to 90% but still comes under "safe" category, as no decline in water levels either in pre-monsoon or in the post-monsoon have been observed. ACZ Ib presents a moderate increase in drafts during 1995-2009 due to the developed surface water irrigation system. Significant leaks from the canal to the sub surface are responsible for the rising trends of the water table in this dry desert (in both Ganganagar and Hanumangarh districts). Accordingly, the category of most blocks in this ACZ is ‘Safe’. The chloride concentration and Electrical Conductivity are high but typical to the irrigated north western parts of the state. In order to reduce the salinization process it is recommended to implement advanced irrigation system such as “Drip Irrigation”. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 488.12 Mm 3. The static resources are assessed as 5808.66 Mm 3, out of which 4588.18 Mm 3 are saline ground water resources. Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 3

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Out of total 4,957 villages in ACZ, 2091 are fit for drinking water use, 1851 for irrigation use and 4077 for livestock water use. ACZ Ic The Agro Climatic Zone includes 12 blocks in , and part of . It covers an area of 77,001.84 km 2. The main hydrogeological units are Younger & Older alluvium of Quaternary to Recent age, Tertiary sandstone, Jurassic sandstone, Sandstone and Bilara Limestone of Marwar Super Group and Phyllite & Schist of Delhi Super Group. The depth to groundwater level pre-monsoon 2010 ranges between 10.00 and 60.00 m bgl with an average of 49.00 m bgl. Maximum fluctuation in the area has been observed as 9.50 m. The long term groundwater trend indicates rise at the rate of 0.10 and 0.14 m/yr in Bikaner and respectively whereas in Churu district area moderate decline at the rate of -0.06 m/yr has been recorded. Comparison of groundwater draft between the year 1995 and 2009 shows increase of >100% in all the blocks except Ratangarh and blocks of Churu district. In respect of groundwater quality the values of Cl are within permissible limits for drinking purpose except south-western part of Bikaner and Jaisalmer district, eastern part of and western part of Churu district. As regards the other parameters like EC, F and NO 3 the values are not within permissible limits and hence unsuitable for drinking purpose. Regarding the groundwater development in the ACZ, only 4 blocks have stage of development below 82% and are categorised as "safe" viz Kolayat and blocks of Bikaner district and Ratangarh and Sardarshahar of Churu district. One block i.e. Sam block of Jaisalmer district having stage of development of 94.70% comes under "Critical" category whereas the remaining 6 blocks are categorised as "Over- exploited" and have stage of development more than 100%. ACZ Ic presents rapid growth of groundwater drafts from the year 1995 to 2009. In spite of this the draft ratio per unit area are still low in most of the blocks. Like in ACZ Ib, the IGNP canal system keeps a positive ground water balance in the aquifer due to heavy seepage from the canal. This positive water balance is reflected by a moderate increase of the groundwater level in 4 blocks which are under "safe" category. Yet, the western edge of the ACZ, close to Churu district, is effected by the over-exploitation in ACZ IIa reflected by the water table decline. Significant salinization, especially in the western side of the ACZ is taking place. The nitrate concentrations are also high. The pattern of positive water balance and high levels of chlorides and nitrates is typical to the north western ACZ’s. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 456.54 Mm 3. The static resources are assessed 27301.34 Mm 3, out of which 18513.90 are saline ground water resources. Out of total 1,961 villages in ACZ, 407 are fit for drinking water use, 494 for irrigation use and 1469 for livestock water use.

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ACZ IIa Agro Climatic Zone IIa covers an area of 37,054.95 km 2 in the north eastern part of the state. It includes 30 blocks in 4 district viz. Nagaur, , , and part of Churu districts. The main hydrogeological formation in the area is Younger & Older Alluvium of Quaternary to Recent age, Tertiary Sandstone, Vindhyan Sandstone and Limestone of Marwar Super Group, Phyllite & schist and Quartzite of Delhi Super Group. General depth to water level pre-monsoon 2010 ranges between 20.00 m bgl to 80.00 m bgl with an average of 44.00 m bgl. Average fluctuation is 0.45 m with minimum of -0.94 m and maximum of 4.47 m. The long term (1984-2010) water level indicates decline of -0.38 to -0.55 m/yr in 3 districts viz. Jhunjhunu, Nagaur and Sikar. Churu district displays stable groundwater levels. Comparison of Groundwater draft from the year 1995 to 2009 indicates that have recorded minimum increase of 15% where as Nagaur and Jhunjhunu districts have recorded maximum increase of 70% while Churu district display highest increase of 157.50% The Agro Climatic Zone displays wide variation in the chemical quality in respect of all 4 major ions from permissible limit to unsuitable for drinking purpose. Only in few blocks viz. , Nawalgarh, Piprali, and the groundwater has been found suitable for drinking. In respect of groundwater development, only 4 blocks have stage of development less than 100% out which one block i.e. Churu block of Churu district comes under "safe" category one block i.e. Fatehpur block of Sikar district comes under "Semi-Critical" category and two blocks viz and Nagaur of are categorised as critical. Rest 21 blocks have stage of development more than 100% and are considered as “Over Explored”. Entire block of Churu district have saline groundwater. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 1082.83 Mm 3. The static resources are assessed 6988.51 Mm 3, out of which 1829.14 Mm 3 are saline ground water resources. Out of total 3,828 villages in ACZ, 1220 are fit for drinking water use, 1736 for irrigation use and 2954 for livestock water use. ACZ IIb The Agro Climatic Zone IIb occupies an area of 31,656.93 km 2 in the south western part of the state on the western flank of Aravalli hill range. The ACZ includes 24 blocks in 4 districts viz. Pali, Jalore and part of Jodhpur district (Bilara and blocks) and district (Sirohi, and Reodar blocks). The main hydrogeological units of the area are Phyllite and Schist and Gneisses of Delhi Super Group, Erinpura and Jalore Granites of post Delhi’s and Younger and Older Alluvium of Quaternary to Recent age. In general the depth to groundwater levels pre-monsoon 2010 in the ACZ ranges from 5.00 to 60.00 metres bgl with an average of 26 m. The fluctuation of water level has an average of 3.82 m. The long term water level trend (1984 to 2010) show decline is almost entire zone area. The maximum rate of decline of -1.17 m/yr has been recorded in block of

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Jalore district. The only exception is block of where long term water level shows rising trend of 0.01 m/yr. In all it ranges from -0.08 m/yr in to -1.10 m/yr in Barmer district. The total annual draft in this ACZ is 1788.69 Mm 3, which is very high value and is the main cause of water level decline in the zone area. Only two blocks, of Barmer district and Sheoganj of have recorded significant increase in groundwater draft of more than 100%. The chemical quality of groundwater has been studied in respect of 4 parameters i.e. EC, Cl, F and NO 3. As per the analysis of chemical quality data Cl value in 16 blocks and NO 3 values 13 blocks are within permissible limits for drinking purposes. However the values of NO 3 in 7 blocks out of 13 have exceeded the maximum permissible limits of 100 mg/l in the last 5 years. In case of EC values, 19 blocks have recorded above permissible limits. F values in 22 blocks have been found above permissible limits. Rani block in Pali district is the only block where long term average levels of all parameters are suitable for drinking purpose. Out of 24 blocks 21 blocks have stage of groundwater development above 100% and are categorised as "Over-Exploited". and Rohat blocks of Pali district comes under "Critical" category whereas Pali block of Pali district is categorised as "Semi- Critical". ACZ IIb presents a high annual draft of over 1788.69 Mm3. The draft per unit area ratio is also high, especially around the alluvial plains of the Luni basin and in northern blocks of Jodhpur district. Significant (>0.22 m/yr) groundwater level decline was recorded in most blocks. It is assumed that the unusual decline in drafts in the last 15 years in 15 blocks is a result of operational limitations due to the declining water levels in the wells. Extremely high chloride levels were recorded mainly in the blocks on the western periphery of Pali district. Correlation was found between the chloride distribution pattern and the depth to the water table. The dynamic resources in the ACZ are limited therefore; considerable amounts of the annual consumption are being pumped from the static storage. As these volumes are not renewed in the aquifer, the over-draft is growing higher year by year. The only way for returning back to balanced conditions is a long term plan, for gradual decrease of the water requirements for agriculture and other uses and by using advance irrigation technologies. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 1041.51 Mm 3. The static resources are assessed 5061.29 Mm 3, out of which 606.97 are saline ground water resources. Out of total 2,249 villages in ACZ, 397 are fit for drinking water use, 845 for irrigation use and 1695 for livestock water use. ACZ IIIa The Agro Climatic Zone is located in the central part of the state on the eastern flank of Aravalli hill range which runs NE-SW. It includes 31 blocks covering 4 districts viz , , and Tonk, and covers an area of 29,512.93 km 2. The main hydrogeological formations in the ACZ are Younger and Older Alluvium of Quaternary to Recent age, Phyllite & Schist, Quartzites and Gneisses of Delhi Super Group and Gneisses(B.G.C.) of Super Group.

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The depth to groundwater pre-monsoon 2010 ranges between 5.00 m and 60.00 m bgl with an average of 21 m. The average fluctuation of groundwater ranges from less than 1 m to 9.20 m bgl. The maximum fluctuation recorded in the zone is 10.70 m. All the blocks in the ACZ exhibit declining trend in respect of long term water level trend from the year 1984 to 2010. In the ACZ, Tonk and have recorded moderate decline of the order of -0.04 to -0.24 m/yr, whereas Jaipur and show significant decline of -0.58 to -0.65 m/yr. The groundwater draft comparison from the year 1995 to 2009 show significant increase in the year from 1698.84 Mm3 in the year 1995 to more than 2585.23 Mm3 in 2009. Among the district, Ajmer and Jaipur have recorded 58% and 60% increase in draft respectively. Increase in draft is 30% in Dausa and Tonk districts. The chemical quality of ground has been studied on the basis of 4 parameters i.e. EC, Cl, F and NO 3. Only 8 blocks have been found suitable as per the criteria of drinking water in all 4 parameters. Although values of Cl are well within permissible limit in all the blocks, but the on basis of other 3 parameters the groundwater has been found unsuitable for drinking purpose. Regarding groundwater development a large portion of ACZ covering 27 blocks is under "Over Exploited" Category. Two blocks each are under "Critical" and "Semi- Critical" categorise. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 1591.61 Mm 3. The static resources are assessed as 2138.73 Mm 3, out of which 53.05 Mm 3 are saline ground water resources. Out of total 5,272 villages in ACZ, 2671 are fit for drinking water use, 3675 for irrigation use and 4929 for livestock water use. ACZ IIIb The Agro Climatic zone covers an area of 24,431.80 km 2 in north eastern part of the state. It includes 35 blocks covering Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur, and parts of Dausa (Mahuwa block) and district (Bonli, Bamanwas and Gangapur City blocks). Main hydrogeological formations in the zone area are Younger and Older alluvium of Quaternary to Recent age, Slate, Phyllite & Schist, Limestone and Quartzite of Delhi Super Group and Bhander Sandstone of Vindhyan Super Group. Average depth to groundwater per-monsoon 2010 ranges from 5.00 m (bgl) to 40.00 m (bgl) and average fluctuation in the ACZ is 2.12 m. The long term groundwater level trend (year 1984 to 2010) show declining trend in the zone ranging from minimum of 0.03 m/yr in Kumher block, district Bharatpur to 1.33 m/yr in Behror block of during pre-monsoon season. During the post monsoon season the rate of decline varies between -0.02 m/yr ( block district Bharatpur) to -1.38 m/yr in Behror block of Alwar district. This is the highest rate of decline in water level (-1.38 m/yr) in the entire ACZ. The groundwater abstraction for agriculture use between the year 1995 to 2009 shows rising trend in the zone area. Alwar district have recorded highest draft. It is steadily rising in the year 1995 from 948 Mm3 to 1,232 Mm3 in the year 2009. Other district of the zone also exhibit steady rise in draft from the year 1995 to 2009. Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 7

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The chemical analysis of groundwater indicates that about 50% of the ACZ area is having potable quality of groundwater in respect of chloride. The maximum poor quality area 90% to 100% occurs in Behror and Rajgarh block of Alwar district.

High range of NO 3 levels in groundwater (>100 mg/l) occur in isolated patches in Bharatpur and Sawai Madhopur districts. Fluoride concentration of more than 1.5 mg/l also occur in isolated patches throughout the zone area. In respect of EC a large portion of the ACZ is having poor quality of groundwater especially in Bharatpur, Alwar, Dhaulpur and Sawai Madhopur districts where it ranges between 2250 and 5000 micromhos/cm. The stage of groundwater development in Alwar district is above 100% and in 4 blocks viz Behror, Kathumar blocks of Alwar district and and blocks of it even reaches more than 200%. The consumption pattern clearly indicate that the ground water declines are high in the northern part of the ACZ while in the southern and eastern parts of the ACZ the rate declines is significantly moderate. In general the ACZ is under “Over Exploited” category. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 1907.60 Mm 3. The static resources are assessed 3021.19 Mm 3, out of which 525.79 Mm 3 are saline ground water resources. Out of total 5,697 villages in ACZ, 3229 are fit for drinking water use, 3449 for irrigation and 5026 for livestock uses respectively. ACZ IVa The Agro Climatic Zone covers a large area of 37,563.35 km 2 in Southern part of the state. It includes as many as 44 blocks in 6 district viz , Bhilwara, , and part of Sirohi district ( and blocks) and Pratapgarh district (Chhoti and Pratapgarh blocks). The main hydrogeological unit of the ACZ are Gneisses(B.G.C.), of Bhilwara Super Group, Phyllite and Schists of Aravalli and Delhi Super Group, Gneisses of Delhi Super Group, Lime-stone of Aravalli Super Group and Deccan Traps Upper cretaceous to Lower Eocene age. In general the depth to water pre-monsoon 2010 in this ACZ ranges between 5.00 and 40.00 meters bgl with an average of 15m bgl. The fluctuation of ground water level (1984-2010) varies between 1.80 m to 10.50 m with an average of 5.44m. The range of long term groundwater trend from the year 1984 to 2010 shows that except Pratapgarh block of Pratapgarh district, Kotra and blocks of all blocks of other districts have recorded declining trend up to -0.23 m/yr. The groundwater draft pattern between the years 1995 to 2009 presents relatively stable trend between year 1995 & 2004. The draft has drastically increased to almost 1800Mm3 in the year 2007. In the last two years it has come down to ~1500 Mm3. The chemical quality in the ACZ has been established on the basis of 4 parameters i.e. Cl, F, NO 3 and EC. Only chloride levels have been found suitable for drinking purpose in the entire ACZ. Regarding the other 3 parameters as many as 20 blocks are unsuitable for drinking purpose.

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Average Cl levels are within permissible standards in most of the blocks, however, the other 3 parameters exhibit a complicated picture in which some of the blocks fall below the maximum limits and some blocks are not suitable for drinking purpose. A total of 9 blocks are suitable for drinking purpose in respect of all the 4 parameters these are: , Bhim, Deogarh, , , Kumbhalgarh, , Kumbhalgarh, and Pindwara. The stage of groundwater development in "Over-Exploited" blocks ranges from 110.98 to 199.01%. The stage of Groundwater development in the ACZ, out of 44 blocks 37 blocks have stage of development above 100% and are "Over- Exploited" blocks 4 blocks are under "Critical" and 3 blocks are under "Semi-Critical" category. The total dynamic resources in the zone are 1204.28 Mm 3. The total static groundwater reserves are 280.05 Mm 3 out of which 7.17 Mm 3 contributes to saline groundwater. Out of total 7,051 villages in ACZ, approximately 4978 are fit for drinking water use, 6040 for irrigation use and 6903 for livestock water use. ACZ IVb The Agro Climatic zone IV b is located on the extreme southern part of the state and covers an area of 11,979.32 km 2. It includes 20 blocks of , and part of Pratapgarh district ( & Peepalkhunt blocks) and Udaipur district (, Salumber and Lasadiya blocks). The main hydrogeological formations of the area are Gneisses (B.G.C.) of Bhilwara Super Group Phyllite and Schist & ultra basic of Aravalli Super Group, Cretaceous Lime-stone and Deccan trap of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene age. Average depth to groundwater in the ACZ has range between 2.00 and 20.00 meters bgl. The long term groundwater level trend (year 1984 to 2010) presents close to stable trends with minor decline of a few centimetre per year. In 5 blocks have recorded rising trend with an average rise rate of 0.22 m/yr. The groundwater draft from the year 1995 to 2009 show erratic trend in this ACZ. Initially it has increased from ~200 Mm3 in 1995 to more than ~500 Mm3 in the year 2007. After that it has come down to ~300 Mm3 in the year 2009. The average chemical quality of this ACZ is relatively good as compared to other ACZs of this state in respect of all 4 parameters. Unsuitable quality of groundwater was recorded in the blocks Peepalkhunt (Cl and NO 3) Lasadiya and Salumber (NO 3) and (F). The entire ACZ is occupied by crystalline and metamorphic rocks and hence static and dynamic groundwater reserves are exceptionally low. This is attributed to the low transmissivity of the aquifers. Never the less, the stage of groundwater development is less than 100% in all the blocks of ACZ except Arnod block of Pratapgarh district and Bhinder block of Udaipur district which has been categorized as Over Exploited, 6 blocks are under “Semi Critical” and 2 blocks are under “Critical” category. All other blocks are in ‘Safe’ category.

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The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 507.17 Mm 3. The total static resources are assessed 87.67 Mm 3. Out of total 3,053 villages in ACZ, 2572 are fit for drinking water use, 2981 for irrigation use and 3053 for livestock water use. ACZ V The Agro Climatic Zone has a total area of 26,864.08 km 2 in the south eastern part of the state. There are 25 block in the zone and covers the districts, Baran, , , Kota and 2 blocks of , viz and Sawai Madhopur. The main hydrogeological units of this ACZ include older alluvium, Bhander Limestone, Bhander sandstone, Shale, Deccan Traps, Gneisses(B.G.C.) and Phyllite & Schist. in general the depth to water table in the ACZ ranges from 5.00 to 20.00 meters below ground level with an average of 14 m below ground level. Average fluctuation range from 0.46 m to 10.12 m. The maximum fluctuation of 10.60 m has been observed in the ACZ. The long term ground water level trend (1984-2010) indicates decline in water level at the rate of -0.03 m/yr to -0.77 m/yr. A comparison of ground water draft from the year 1995 to 2009 shows increase in the draft from ~1000 Mm3 in the year 1995 to ~2000 Mm3 in the year 2009. Districts like Baran, Jhalawar and Kota are the areas of high ground water draft of the order of ~500 Mm3 each. Itawa, Keshorai Patan, Kishanganj, Sultanpur and Talera blocks have recorded maximum increase in draft of the order of over 250% in the last 15 years. Study of the chemical analysis of groundwater indicates that in general the quality of groundwater is relatively good and suitable for drinking purposes in majority of the blocks. The average values of NO 3, Cl and EC are within permissible limits. A large area in Kota, Baran and Jhalawar districts of unsuitable quality has been recorded in respect of occurrence fluoride in groundwater. Dynamic groundwater resources in the ACZ vary between 54.23 Mm3 ( block district Baran) and 128.32 Mm3 (Itawa block district Kota). Static groundwater resources are below 50 Mm3 in most blocks. Itawa block of exhibit exceptionally high values of the order of 155.11 Mm3. The stage of groundwater development in the ACZ range from 80% to 187 %. A total of 11 blocks comes under safe category, 5 block fall in Semi Critical, 2 block in Critical category whereas 17 blocks have been categorized as Over-Exploited. The dynamic fresh ground water availability in ACZ is assessed as 1869.08 Mm 3. The total static resources are assessed 942.35 Mm 3, out of which 459 Mm 3 contributes to saline groundwater. Out of total 4,923 villages in ACZ, 3,173 are fit for drinking water use, 4,713 for irrigation use and 4,910 for livestock water use.

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2. Introduction The State hydrogeological map has been divided into Agro Climatic Zones, by super imposing ACZ boundaries on it and information groundwater is presented in this report accordingly. For the preparation of this Report, the Consultants have gathered information from various sources, including State Revenue Department, Rajasthan State Water Resources Department, the Central Groundwater Board and Rajasthan Groundwater Department.

3. Objectives The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the status of groundwater conditions in the State of Rajasthan by ACZs. The ACZ-wise information of groundwater resources is mainly aimed to serve as input and to plan future crop production possibilities, crop water requirements and cropping patterns.

4. Methodology 4.1 Data Collection Two main sources of groundwater data were used for the purpose of this work: (1) data from the Central Groundwater Board (CGWB), which includes 1,588 observation wells and (2) data from Rajasthan Groundwater Department (RGWD), which includes 7611 observation wells (see Annex 1). The data includes exploratory tubewells and peizometer drilling data of CGWB which contains information on depth of well drilled, static water level, well yield, aquifer parameters such as transmissivity and storativity of the aquifers and chemical quality of groundwater. Data also includes information on depth of exploratory tubewells and peizometers drilled by State Ground Water Department, their water yielding capacity, drawdown and chemical quality etc. Well data were rearranged into the following main databases. ∗ General Information , including Well code, coordinates, administrative location (District, Block, village), ground elevation, formations tapped, type of well, source of data. ∗ Hydrologic Parameters Parameters of aquifers collected from results of pumping tests, previous work and published reports of CGWB and RGWD (complete data given in Annex 2(a)). ∗ Groundwater Levels Groundwater level data of pre and post monsoon seasons, both as depth to water below the ground level and ground water elevations in respect of above mean sea level (amsl) for the period 1984 to 2010, were collected from CGWB and RGWD. (complete data given in Annex 2(c)).

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∗ Groundwater Quality Parameters Groundwater chemical analysis data in all 33 districts of the state for the periods 1984 to 2010 were collected from CGWB and RGWD. (complete data given in Annex 3a and 3b). ∗ Groundwater Draft (Abstraction) The information was collected from (1) CGWB and RGWD periodically published reports on “Dynamic Groundwater Resources of Rajasthan”, in the years 1995, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2009; (2) village-wise data of the existing wells/ tubewells were collected from respective Tehsil headquarters by the Consultants for the year 2010. A significant part of the data collected were in the form of hard copy. Efforts, of many months, were put into typing the data and to bring them into workable spreadsheets. Other data sets received in soft copy were also in different formats and received at intervals during the course of study. All the data compiled were carefully reviewed and grouped into "excel" format for the use in the preparation of the report. 4.2 Data Validation Special emphasis was given to data validation. During the screening of the raw data, several inaccuracies, missing data and mismatches in various raw files were found. Data validation included three main types, as schematically illustrated by the flowchart given in Figure 4.1. The different data validation processes applied by the Consultants are described in the following sub-paragraphs. Figure 4.1 Summarizes the main types of error and correction introduced into the database. These include: 1) Errors in well code, including: missing well code, incorrect well code and duplicate well code. 2) Completion of missing data, such as formations and location errors. 3) Filling of missing reduced-level This mainly included completion of missing data and unification of all values to the same units (meters); all values were modified upto 2 digits after the decimal point. Missing data gaps on reduced level values were filled-in using 90-meters resolution SRTM data. 4) Location errors Including: coordinates mismatching the administrative location; district name mismatching the block or village name and vice versa; missing district or block or village names; missing coordinates. Each value was cross-checked thoroughly by more than one person before final correction was introduced. Data that were updated during validation were sent for confirmation to the concerned area hydrogeologists of RGWD and CGWB. No value was erased from the database even after corrections were made. In order to be able to recover initial values, the original data sets were saved to the next new columns which were added to the spreadsheets that include the corrected value. The same method was adopted for updating of CGWB and RGWD databases, also.

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Figure 4.1 Schematic Description of the Process and Main Stages of data Validation

Data Validation

Well Code Completion of Reduced level Location missing data

Coordinate were correctedCoordinates basin were on: Missing Data (1)corrected DGPS databased later on: well code Groundwater levels missing Lon/Lat don’t provided(1) village by administrative RGWD of 2010 were match (2)layer Village (2001 administrative census, Groundwater recovered from administrative layercollected (2001) from census, DoIT) Incorrect levels of 2010 updated excel files location collected(2) settlement from DoIT) (3) Settlement well code were missing received in later boundaries of RSAC, Units boundariesJodhpur of RSAC, stages inconsistency Jodhpur

Duplicate Recovered from GIS Formation District/block/vil well codes maps with reference to Formation not defined based on lage name don’t RL recovered administrative location mentioned hydrogeological from Google match and coordinates Well codes (RGWD) map earth and SRTM were cross-checked digital elevation in different files data District/block/vil Recovered from GIS and recovered Reference location lage are missing maps from: was recovered based (1) updated files on GIS map and received in later Survey of India Grid. All units stages (2) according If village name is the converted Coordinates Location recovered to Survey of India Reference Correlated and take same the well is into meters missing (mainly with respect to Village Grid (3) For unique location missing from WL Data fixed within in water quality and Block names and identification of settlement boundary. data) Survey of India Grid well code, for more if not the well is fixed than one well within administrative located in each boundary of village. Grid, well code is suffixed with –n, where n is an integer (1, 2, 3, …)

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4.3 Completion of Missing Data For wells that appeared in the datasheet with partially missing data, such as coordinates, formation, district, block, village, etc., data were recovered from other sources or from the maps. 4.3.1 Data Synchronization With Different Files In some cases, well names and codes appeared slightly differently in different files. These mismatches could have occurred due to typing errors, differences in the spelling of locations, or errors in well identification. This necessitated a laborious task of matching between wells and giving them the same identity codes. 4.3.2 Data Correction Encountered errors in data, such as well coordinates, well formation, well code, district, block or village name, etc., were mostly found during the projection of the well database on the administrative and hydrogeological maps. 4.3.3 Data Gaps Groundwater throughout Rajasthan is being extensively monitored and recorded. The RGWD and CGWB data sources comprise together an impressive database of 9199 water level monitoring station. The main parameters being measured are groundwater levels and chemical quality of groundwater. However these sets, especially the groundwater quality database, have many gaps in some of the years, sometimes for few consecutive years, creating a large gap or discontinuity between the two measuring periods. The continuity of data is of prime importance for the sake of following groundwater trends and to enable to predict the future trend. Prediction might help prevention of reaching undesired deteriorated conditions. The most important missing groundwater parameter is the draft or abstraction. The only method for keeping a sustainable groundwater management requires knowing two factors: (1) the replenished volume and (2) the exploited volume. There is no way of keeping a balanced scheme without measuring the draft. The main problem in this respect is that well are not metered for extraction. (Discharge rates and pumping hours of wells in the state are not monitored). The published groundwater abstraction estimates are based on general figures and assumptions (not being calculated each year). Groundwater abstraction figures are being published after every 3 years in the Dynamic Resources Assessments periodic reports jointly by CGWB and RGWD (1995, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2009). Groundwater draft figures should normally be available for every year in order to be able to assess the impact of pumping on groundwater levels and qualities.

4.4 Long Term Groundwater Levels and Predictions The following procedure has been applied for analysing the long-term groundwater levels: • The well database was validated as above. • The depth to water table was converted to elevation above mean sea level using reference level (RL) of ground given in m amsl and depth to water level in each well.

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• All wells were classified according to Agroclimatic Zones, District- wise/block-wise and aquifer unit wise. • Groundwater levels data of 1984-2010 were attached to each well and divided into two series namely, for pre and post-monsoon measurements, separately. • In each Agroclimatic zone, wells with the fullest records were selected. This was done by using 2 criterion, (a) top 50% of the most complete series (wells with the largest dataset) and, (b) no less than 10 measurements for the entire period between 1984 and 2010 • Thiessen polygon method was used in order to define the influence area of each well. • Linear slope of the long term levels was calculated separately for each well. • Empty cells (missing data) were retrieved by linear interpolation using the long term slope of the well. • Weighted average of the groundwater level in every Agroclimatic Zone in each measurement period was calculated based on the Thiessen polygons. • Two average groundwater level series were produced for each Agroclimatic Zone (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon) and were plotted on the same graph together with annual average rainfall. • The slope of the average series was calculated in order to gain the average long term rate of water table change. • Minimum, maximum and average rates per Agroclimatic Zone for pre and post-monsoon were summarised in tables. Prediction of future groundwater levels and drying of observation wells was done based on the following procedure: • The prediction was made based on the assumption that the average long term rates of rainfall and drafts will remain similar to the general trends observed in the last 27 years. • Accordingly, it is presumed that the general trends and average rate of change of groundwater levels will be similar to the average of the last 3 decades. • Predicted levels in RGWD & CGWB observation wells were calculated by linear interpolation of the average rate of change (slope) per well during the period 1984-2010. • The procedure was applied for pre and post-monsoon stages separately. • Predictions were estimated for the years 2020, 2040 and 2060. • The absolute elevation (amsl) of the bottom of RGWD & CGWB observation wells was calculated based on 'RL' values of ground given in m amsl and the total depth of each observation well. • Bottom elevation was then compared to the predicted future groundwater levels of the specific observation well. Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 15

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• If the bottom elevation was found higher than the predicted level, the observation well was assumed to become dry by that year. • The above estimations are regarded as 'best case scenario' because, while mean rainfalls might remain similar to past long term trends, the drafts are expected to increase. As a result, the water table decline rate is expected to increase. However, in this exercise only current average rates were taken. • The above estimations include only the observation wells used for the current study (RGWD & CGWB). Therefore, the results of predicted levels and dry wells refer only to the monitoring and observation wells. • Predicted levels and estimation of dry observation wells in the next few decades are given only for CGWB & RGWD monitoring wells as a rough assessment. These assessments should be regarded to as a general index to evaluate the severity of water table depletion in each Agroclimatic Zone. • The predictions give a general indication for the future expected needs of deepening of existing observation wells and drilling of new ones.

4.5 Groundwater Quality Four main steps were conducted for all groundwater quality database: • Pre-processing; • Data validation; • Data sorting and creation of time series; • Graphs and tables preparation.

The pre-processing steps included: • Groundwater quality data were received in PDF format for the period 1984- 2010, containing some 17,500 sheets of data. • All PDF data sets were converted into EXCEL format, creating one large database with approximately 300,000 entities • QA was done to confirm that all data were successfully converted. • Unification of 'location' names in each district was carried out, partly automatically and partially manually. • Each sample was linked to a well and XY coordinated, using the location and block name.

The data validation was carried out based on the following four main steps: • Reaction Error : 'Reaction error' or the 'ion balance charge equation' was used to assess the precision of chemical analysis of a groundwater sample. Natural water should be chemically balanced, and this is commonly validated by dividing the sum of anions and cations by the difference of anion and cations, namely: (Ca +2 + Mg +2 + Na +1 + K +1 ) − (SO −2 + Cl −1 + NO +1 + HCO −1 ) RE [%] =100 ⋅ 4 3 3 +2 + +2 + +1 + +1 + −2 + −1 + +1 + −1 (Ca Mg Na K ) (SO 4 Cl NO 3 HCO 3 )

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Usually, RE factor of <5% is considered to be an acceptable result (“Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater”, Chapter 1030E. 21st Edition 2005). Cases in which RE is greater than 5% give evidence of measurement error or contamination. The calculation requires a complete chemical analysis and the availability of all major ions. • TDS vs EC correlation : TDS and EC are linearly correlated to each other. Graphs of TDS vs EC were produced and the linear regression line was found and examined. Most regression lines presented relatively high accuracy (R 2>0.75). Measurements falling more than 1 standard deviation away from the line were eliminated (Figure. 4.2).

Figure 4.2 Corr elation between TDS and EC (Samples from Tonk District)

• EC vs. Cl correlation : EC and Cl are also linearly correlated to each other, mainly in the lower range and up to a certain threshold. Results which were more than 1 standard deviation above the reg ression line, were removed (Figure 4.3).

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Figure 4.3 Correlation between Cl and EC (Sample s from Tonk District)

• Extreme values : For each of the 4 parameters (Cl, F, NO 3, EC) un- reasonable extreme low / high values which are not likely to be found in Rajasthan, were eliminated from the database. 4.5.1 Creation of Time Series • The original database included each measurement in a separate row, creating a long table with no ability to create a time series graph. • The entire database was re -arranged in a way where each measuring point (well) was linked to a continuous time series with as much as available measurements for each parameter. This enabled plotting a graph for each well for each parameter showing the change in concentration in time. • The database was then classified according to Agroclimatic Zone, District - wise/block-wise and aquifer unit wise. • Completion of missing data (blank cells) was carried using linear interpolation. • Influence radius for each well was calculated using the Thiessen polygon method.

4.5.2 Data Analysis • Weighted average value per each measurement between 1984 and 2010 was calculated for each parameter in every block of the districts covering the ACZs. • Datasets were plotted on a graph showing trend lines and rates of change for each parameter. • The average of the highest 5% values (wells) in the every block of the districts covering the ACZs was calculated and presented on the graph as well as the average of the lowest 5%.

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4.6 Ground water Suitability for Agriculture The suitability of groundwater for agricultural purposes depends on the effect of the mineral constituents of the water on the soil and the plants. There is a relationship between the SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) level in irrigation water and the extent to which sodium is absorbed by the soils. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) in irrigation water represents the sodium hazard of water. The sodium adsorption ratio is defined as: Na + SAR = Ca+++ Mg ++ 2 where the concentration of ions are in equivalents per million (epm).

When SAR lies between 0 and 10, it is called Low Sodium Water (S 1); between 10 and 18 it is called Medium Sodium Water (S 2), between 18 and 26 - High Sodium Water (S 3). As for values of more than 26, it is called Very High Sodium Water (S 4). The suitability of these four kinds of water for irrigation is explained in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation in respect of SAR Levels S. No. Type of Water Suitability for Irrigation 1 Low Sodium Water (S 1) Suitable for irrigation on almost all soils SAR between 0 to 10 and crops except if they are very sensitive to sodium 2 Medium Sodium Water (S 2) Hazardous in fine texture soils and SAR between 10 to 18 organic soils with good permeability 3 High Sodium Water (S 3) Hazardous on all soils and require good SAR between 18 to 26 drainage 4 Very High Sodium Water (S ) 4 Not suitable for irrigation SAR above 26 Source: US Salinity Laboratory The water quality classification for irrigation water is developed based on criteria given in Table 4.2. Table 4.2 Groundwater Quality Classification for Irrigation Sodium (Na) EC Water Class SAR % (micromhos/cm) Excellent <20 <250 <10 Good 20-40 250-750 10-18 Medium 40-60 750-2,250 18-26 Bad >60 >2,250 >26 Source: US Salinity Laboratory The % sodium (Na %), Electrical Conductivity (micromhos/cm) and SAR value together help classification of areas into various water quality classes for irrigation purpose based on this criteria the classification of irrigation water into various categories is summarised in Table 4.3 given below.

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Table 4.3 Classification of irrigation water S. No. Class Characteristics

1 C1S1 Low Salinity & Low Sodium

2 C1S2 Low Salinity & Medium Sodium

3 C1S3 Low Salinity & High Sodium

4 C1S4 Low Salinity & Very High Sodium

5 C2S1 Medium Salinity & Low Sodium

6 C2S2 Medium Salinity & Medium Sodium

7 C2S3 Medium Salinity & High Sodium

8 C2S4 Medium Salinity & Very High Sodium

9 C3S1 High Salinity & Low Sodium

10 C3S2 High Salinity & Medium Sodium

11 C3S3 High Salinity & High Sodium

12 C3S4 High Salinity & Very High Sodium

13 C4S1 Very High Salinity & Low Sodium

14 C4S2 Very High Salinity & Medium Sodium

15 C4S3 Very High Salinity & High Sodium

16 C4S4 Very High Salinity & Very High Sodium

4.7 Groundwater Abstraction Village-wise Data of existing wells (year 2010), village-wise have been collected for use in assessing village-wise groundwater abstraction in ACZs. The procedure for assessment of village wise ground water abstraction is outlined in Annex 5(a) and Annex 5(b) presents the collected data and the village-wise computation of groundwater abstraction in each ACZ. The procedure used include assessment of the potential zone area occupied by various aquifer units in a village, number of tube wells/openwells in operation for 120 days in a year and formation wise average yield in litres per day thereby assessing the total abstraction of ground water.

4.8 Assessment of Dynamic Ground Water Resources The methodology of village-wise dynamic groundwater resources assessment is based on application of GIS based analysis and adopting GEC (1997) methodology. The ground water resources estimation methodology (GEC’97) which utilises water level fluctuation method is used based as concept of storage change due to differences between input and output components, where input refers to recharge from rainfall and other sources and output refer to ground water drainage and abstraction. The methodology is as below. • Area of the hills having slope more than 20% was identified as Non-Potential Zones (NPZs) which was intersected with village layer and this area was not included in the assessment. • Hydrogeological unit layer was intersected with village layer to calculate the village area falling into different hydrogeological units. • Command area layer was intersected with village layer for identifying command and non command areas by village. • Saline area layer was intersected with above layers for identifying saline and non-saline areas by village. Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 20

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• Water level fluctuation data of RGWD and CGWB observation wells for the past 5 year has been used for assessment and employing the interpolation technique in GIS platform (zonal statistics of spatial analyst tools) adopting 25m x 25m grid for the entire area of assessment, village-wise with respective hydrogeological unit. • Village-wise annual ground water draft considered at the time of assessment for irrigation and domestic (monsoon and non monsoon for the year 2010) based on the village-wise data collected on number of wells in year 2010. • Recharge considered in the assessment from other sources (Recharge from canals, surface and ground water irrigation and tank and ponds) both for the period of monsoon and non monsoon for the year 2010. • Similarly, the command area (monsoon and non monsoon recharge from canal) has been considered separately while carrying out the resource assessment. • Rainfall recharge calculated using Water Level Fluctuation (WLF) method for the monsoon season for year 2010. • Normalization of rainfall recharge calculated for monsoon season by WLF method has been done by using normal rainfall figures (1957-2010). • In areas where negative fluctuation (Post monsoon is deeper than Pre monsoon water level) is observed, Rainfall Infiltration method has been used. • Rainfall recharge calculated using Rainfall Infiltration Factor method both for the monsoon and non monsoon season. • Percentage of difference calculated to consider the accepted value between normal rainfall recharge (RIF Method) and normal rainfall recharge (WLF Method) for the monsoon season. • Finally recharge estimation computed village wise by adding (Adopted rainfall recharge and recharge from other sources both for monsoon and non monsoon season). • Resource assessment carried out separately for the saline areas in GIS environment. Further details on the procedure for assessment of village wise dynamic ground water resources is outlined in Annex 6(a) and Annex 6(b) presents the village-wise computation of dynamic ground water resources in each ACZ. 4.9 Assessment of Static Ground Water Resources The static groundwater resources have been estimated by applying the following formula: Static groundwater resources = effective potential zone area of the aquifer × utilizable saturated thickness × specific yield Central Groundwater Board has estimated the static groundwater resources block-wise, in each hydrogeological formation in the entire State, in the years 2004 and 2008. Average depth of the basement and utilizable saturated thickness of the different hydrogeological formations have been adopted on the basis of the values as reported by the respective field hydrogeologist of the respective areas and used in the static groundwater assessment, year 2008. The static groundwater resources for the year 2010 have been calculated by adopting same criteria as indicated above. The various parameters adopted for estimation of static groundwater resources are shown in Table 4.4. Further details can be seen in Annex 7(b).

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Table 4.4 Various Parameters adopted for Estimation of Static Groundwater Resources

Parameters Alluvium Sandstone Limestone Hardrocks

Specific Yield 0.01 - 0.03 0.001 - 0.004 0.0015 - 0.004 0.001 - 0.003 Utilizable Percentage of 10 - 40 3 - 35 5 - 35 2 - 35 Saturated Thickness (%) Average depth of Adopted on the basis of groundwater exploration data basement (m bgl) Source: CGWB & RGWD The groundwater exploration data is given in Annex 2(a). The details on the procedure adopted for assessment of village wise static ground water resources is outlined in Annex 7(a). The village-wise computation of static ground water resources in each ACZ is presented in Annex 7(b). 5. Geology of Rajasthan 5.1 Introduction A geological map of Rajasthan prepared by Geological Survey of India is presented in Figure 5.1. The geological sequence of rock formations of the State is highly varied and complex, revealing the co-existence of the most ancient rocks of pre-cambrian age and the most recent alluvium, as well as wind-blown sands of the Quaternary to Recent age. A brief geological description of the important geological formations occurring in Rajasthan is discussed in the following paragraphs. The Archaeans are represented by Bhilwara Supergroup, which consists of high-grade metamorphites and gneisses (Banded Gneissic Complex), together with the associated low-grade metamorphites that represent the oldest metasedimentary sequence. This super group comprises a complex assemblage of metasemipelite, quartzite, conglomerates, metagraywackes, marble, dolomite, calc-silicate rocks, basic metavolcanics, migmatite, granite, granite-gneiss, granulitic rocks and ultramafics. Bhilwara Super group has a wide crescent-shaped distribution in eastern Rajasthan, from the south-western border of to Banswara District. It occupies large areas, mainly in the districts of Sawai Madhopur, Tonk, Ajmer, Bundi, Bhilwara, Udaipur, Chittaurgarh, Pratapgarh and Banswara. In the north, this super group is overlain by Delhi Super group and in the south – by Aravalli Super group. Granite and gneiss occur over a crescent-shaped area of about 100 km in length and 30 km in width, in central Rajasthan, in the Chittaurgarh and Bhilwara districts. Over a large part of the area the rock is essentially non-porphyric granite, medium grained and varying in colour from reddish pink to greenish yellow. The geological succession of rock formations in Rajasthan is shown in Table 5.1.

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Table 5.1 Geological Succession of Rock Formations in Rajasthan Geological Time Unit Lithostratigraphic Period Lithology Era Period Super group / Group Recent Alluvium and blown sand Cainozoic Eocene Mandai/ Akli/ Kapurdih/ Jogira/ Sandstone, (Tertiary) Banda/ Khuiala / Palana bentonitic clay and fuller’s earth Deccan Traps Basalt Cretaceous Abur / Fatehgarh Sandstone, limestone, clay and lignite Mesozoic Jurassic Parihar/ Bhadesar/ Baisakhi/ Limestone, Jaisalmer/ Lathi sandstone and shale Permo- Carboniferous Bhadura Sandstone and boulders Palaeozoic Marwar Nagaur/ Bilara/ Sandstone, Jodhpur gypsum, siltstone, limestone, dolomite and shale Bhander/ Rewa/ Sandstone, shale, Vindhyan Kaimur/ Semri limestone, Upper conglomerate and basic flows Proterozoic Acid, Basic and Ultrabasic Intrusives and Extrusives Malani Volcanics / Plutonics Syenite Ajabgarh/ Alwar/ Quartzite, schist, Delhi Sirohi/ Punagarh/ gneiss, marble, Raialo shale, slate, phyllite and basic flows Lower Granite, Basic and Ultrabasic Intrusives Proterozoic Jharol/ Bari/ Quartzite, schist, Aravalli Udaipur/ Debari phyllite, conglomerate, greywacke, metavolcanics and marble Granite and Basic Intrusives Ranthambore/ Phyllite, slates, Rajpura-Dariba schist, gneiss, Archaean Bhilwara / granite gneiss and migmatites Source: GSI

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5.2 Aravalli Super Group The Aravalli Super group consists of a great thickness of phyllites and greywacks, with subordinate quartzite, conglomerates and dolomites intruded by granites and basic and ultrabasic rocks. The Aravalli Super group in Rajasthan has been divided into Debari, Udaipur, Bari and Jharol Groups. The rocks of Aravalli Super group are highly metamorphosed at certain places and occur in Udaipur, Dungarpur, Sirohi, and Banswara Districts. The rocks of this Super group also occur to a small extent in the south-western part of and southwest of Jaipur and Alwar Districts in the north-east. Minerals of great commercial importance are associated with rocks belonging to the Aravalli Supergroup. The central part of the Aravallis is occupied by a great synclinorium composed of Aravalli and Delhi rocks. 5.3 Delhi Super Group The rocks of the Delhi Super group occur over a large part of central and north-eastern Rajasthan, and are exposed in the districts of Bharatpur, Alwar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Nagaur, Jodhpur, Pali, Sirohi and Jalore. However, their best occurrence is in the main Aravalli hill ranges near Ajmer and in western . Delhi Super group has been divided into Raialo, Punagah, Sirohi, Alwar and Ajabgarh groups. This Super group predominantly consists of quartzite, biotite schist, calc-schist, calc-gneiss, phyllite and marble, with subordinates conglomerate and chert. 5.4 Vindhyan Super Group The Delhis were succeeded by the Vindhyans after a time interval marked by a distinct erosional unconformity. The Vindhyans in Rajasthan were deposited in two separate basins on either side of the Aravalli hill range, constituting the main Vindhyan basin in eastern Rajasthan and Trans-Aravalli Vindhyan basin in western Rajasthan. In the main Vindhyan basin of eastern Rajasthan, especially in south-eastern Mewar, the Vindhyan succession is well developed. The sediments were deposited in a large basin extending from Dhaulpur in the northeast to Nimbhahera and in the southwest. The north-eastern and southwestern outcrops are connected by narrow, disconnected patches extending from Sawai Madhopur to Bundi. In the south-western part of the Vindhyan basin of eastern Rajasthan the total stratigraphic thickness of Vindhyan Super Group formations is 2,400 m, out of this the lower and upper divisions have 1,000 m and 1,400 m, thickness respectively as per Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.). The Vindhyans have been affected by over-thrusts from the west, resulting in the Great Boundary Fault of about 800 km strike length, with a throw of about 700 m. This has brought the undisturbed Upper Vindhyan against the highly folded pre-Aravallis. The outcrops of Vindhyan in western Rajasthan are much interrupted by desert sands and alluvium, and consist of about 1,000 m thickness resting on the Malani Rhyolites and Phyllite & Schist of Delhi Super Group. These rocks are grouped into a new Super group called Marwar Super group and are divided into (a) Jodhpur Group, (b) Bilara Group, and c) Nagaur Group, consisting mainly of sandstones, limestones and sandstones, interbedded shale, gypsum and anhydrite respectively. The age of this Super group is Lower Palaeozoic. Igneous rocks are represented by a variety of rocks, ranging from to acidic to basic and ultra basic rocks.

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The Ultra basic rocks are represented by peridotite and pyroxenite, metamorphosed to talc-serpentine-chlorite rocks. These rocks occur in Banswara, Dungarpur, Udaipur, Pali and Ajmer Districts. The ultra basic and basic rocks are intrusive and have been assigned post-Aravalli and post-Delhi ages. Nepheline-syenite is exposed in the vicinity of Kishangarh town (Ajmer District) and is in the form of sheet-like intrusions into the pre-Aravallis and Banded Gneissic Complex along the margin of the Delhi Supergroup, giving rise to elongated ridges. On the basis of radiometric dating age the nepheline syenites (1,475 m/y) are considered of post-Delhi age. Erinpura Granite is the principal intrusive into the Delhi Supergroup. It occurs as bosses and sills of all sizes. The outcrops of the Erinpura Granite, isolated at places are found extending from Ajmer and in the north-east to the main belt of the type area of Erinpura and Mt. Abu in the southwest. The Malani suite of igneous rocks is represented by the Siwana and Jalore granites, with their acid volcanic representatives known as the Malani Rhyolites, which is composed of felsites and pyroclastic material. The Malani rocks are intrusive into the Delhis and are younger than the Erinpura Granite. The Malani granite shows a marked unconformity with the overlying Trans-Aravalli Vindhyans (Marwar Supergroup) and hence their age may be post-Delhi, and probably younger than Lower Vindhyan. In western Rajasthan, in Jaisalmer District, a sequence of sediments consisting of two formations – the Rends and the Britannia – occurs over a small area overlying the Malani suite of igneous rocks. On the basis of lithological similarities and their superposition on the Malani igneous rocks this sequence has been considered to be homostadial with the Jodhpur Group and Bhilwara Group and thus considered as representing Cambrian sedimentation in Rajasthan. The rocks of Mesozoic Era occur in western Rajasthan mainly in Jaisalmer and Barmer Districts. Isolated outcrops are also found at the junction of the borders of Jaisalmer, Jodhpur and Barmer Districts. The Lathi formation of Mesozoic age occupies the maximum area (7,500 km 2) in Barmer District. The lithological units of this era are referred to by different names, as indicated in the stratigraphic succession. Volcanic activity in the form of fissure eruptions in central and western India marked the close, locally, of the Mesozoic era. In Rajasthan, the northern extensions of Deccan Traps occupy part of south-eastern Mewar and overlie the older formations. The rocks generally show spheroidal weathering and exfoliation, giving rise to rounded boulders. Outcrops of rocks of Eocene age occur at widely separated areas in Barmer, Bikaner, and Jaisalmer Districts. The relationship is obscure due to the intervening desert sand and alluvium. The litho-units of this era have also been called different names in different locations, as indicated in the stratigraphic succession. The Palana Series, hitherto included in Cretaceous rocks, is now considered to be of Palaeocene age. Alluvium, blown sand, Kankar and Evaporites are of recent to sub-recent age. Alluvium is fairly thick and widespread in Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur and parts of Tonk and Jaipur Districts, and also along the valleys of Banas, Banganga, Berach and rivers. Thick alluvium and blown sand occur in basin and several other areas in western Rajasthan covering the . The Thar Desert, along with a vast blanket of unconsolidated deposits, covers the region in the west, north-west and

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north of Rajasthan. Recent and sub-recent deposits are the most important geological formations in occurrence and possible development of groundwater resources. Alluvium directly overlies the Pre-Cambrian basement in the central part of the basin where its thickness varies from 242 m in the southern part, around Phulka (29 o29’:75 o08’) to 533 m in the northern part around Kheliawala (29 o39’:73 o19’). In Ganganagar and Hanumangarh Districts, the thickness of the alluvium that mostly overlies Palana series, varies from about 130 m in the south to about 400 m in the north. Concretions and nodules of calcium carbonate, called Kankar, are extensively distributed throughout the vertical column of the alluvium in Ganganagar and Hanumangarh Districts. Kankar encountered towards the bottom of the tubewells drilled at Sri Bijoy Nagar (29 °15’:73 °31’), Dudianwali (29 °16’:73 °52’) and Kamharwala (30 o19’:75 o40’) occurs as hard pans ranging in colour from greyish brown through yellow to pinkish. Sand dunes dots occur in Ganganagar District and the intervening depression. Sand dunes consist of silt and very fine sand, brownish yellow to buff in colour coalesced together, and rises in the form of small hillocks, of an average 4 to 5 m height above ground level. The dunes are about 30 m high in the Suratgarh area. Quaternary alluvial deposits from the main aquifers of Ganganagar District. Rocks belonging to the Proteriozoic Group are not exposed anywhere in the lower Ghaggar river basin. Delhi quartzite has been encountered at a depth of 533 m at Kheliawala (29 o39’:73 o19’) and porphyritic hornblende biotite granite, belonging to Malani suite of igneous rocks, has been encountered at a depth of 240 m at Phulka (29 o29’:75 o08’). The Palaeozoic Group of rocks are also not exposed anywhere in Ganganagar and Hanumangarh Districts. Sandstone resembling Jodhpur Sandstone has been encountered in the boreholes drilled at Ottu (29 o30’:74 o53’), on Rajasthan – Haryana border, at a depth of 206 m. The sandstone is pink in colour and fine to coarse-grained. 6. Hydrogeological Units The classification of hydrogeologic units is based on hydraulic parameters and the assessed potential of each rock unit. Groundwater analysis for any purpose should differentiate between the various water-bearing formations. A total of 19 hydrogeological units have been identified on the basis of CGWB and RGWD data base (see Table 6.1). The significant and mapable hydrogeological units are considered to serve the purposes of water resources planning. The hydrogeological units were delineated using water-bearing formation data of CGWB and RGWD. The same have been delineated on micro-watershed, using GIS, and also panchayat samiti- wise (block-wise) and village-wise. Hydrogeological map of Rajasthan state is shown in Figure 6.1. The various units present a wide array of exploitation potential, quantity-wise as well as quality-wise. While some of the units present similar hydraulic characteristics and groundwater potential, others may exhibit totally different features and qualities. For example, the Sandstone, Limestone and Alluvium units are usually considered to be the better aquifers, whereas the various fractured rock aquifer units usually present poor

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hydraulic conditions. As a result, the hard rock aquifers are more extensively developed while successful pumping wells in the fractured rock are rarer. Table 6.1 Major 19 Hydrogeological Formations with the area covered by each Unit in Rajasthan S. No. Hydrogeological Units Area Km 2 1 Younger Alluvium 48,070.05 2 Older Alluvium 94,968.09 3 Tertiary Sandstone 24,502.65 4 Deccan Traps (Basalt) 9,580.51 Jurassic Sandstone (Lathi, Parihar, 5 15,213.07 Baisakhi, Bhadesar) Vindhyan Sandstone (Nagaur, 6 25,675.64 Jodhpur) 7 Bilara Limestone 9,522.51 8 Bhander Sandstone 13,954.29 Limestone (Alwar, Bhander, Upper 9 4,853.08 Cretaceous) 10 Shale 3,906.68 11 Quartzite 5,325.02 12 Slate 367.65 13 Phyllite & Schist 35,728.18 14 Gneisses 1,967.40 15 Jalore Granite 5,612.72 16 Erinpura Granite 5,229.75 17 Rhyolite 5,046.40 18 Ultra Basics 107.72 19 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 21,724.31 20 Hills 10,908.08 Total 342,263.80 Source: CGWB and RGWD

The data of exploratory wells/Piezometer boreholes of CGWB/RGWD is at Annex - 2(a). Hydrogeological characteristics of above 19 aquifer units are given in the Table 6.2.

Broadly, the alluvial aquifers are porous and extensive and sedimentary, crystalline and metamorphic aquifers have dual permeability character determined by weathered zone on top followed by thickness of jointed and fractured zone. The characteristics of 19 hydrogeological units have been tabulated as per data available as on year 2010.

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Table 6.2 General Aquifer Characteristics of 19 Hydrogeological Formations S. SWL* Yield Transmissivity Specific Aquifer Nature of Aquifer No. m, bgl potential, lps m2/d Yield A. Alluvial Aquifers Porous, permeable and 1 Younger Alluvium 2.75-26.33 6.10-20.00 - 0.15 have limited occurrence Porous, permeable and 2 Older Alluvium 1.00 to 130 5.00-50.00 13.32-7,944.00 0.1 have wide occurrence B. Sedimentary Aquifers Porous, permeable and 1 Tertiary Sandstone 30.05-7.06 1.80-9.16 74.00-1,516.00 0.06 jointed Cavernous, jointed and 2 Bilara Limestone 9.10-56.08 6.25-75.70 - 0.07 fractured Occasionally, cavernous, Limestone (Alwar, jointed and fractured. 3 Bhander, Upper- 27 <5.00-15.00 - 0.03 Often intercalated with Cretaceous,) Shale Jurassic Sandstone Porous, permeable. 1,161.00- 4 (Lathi, Parihar, Baisakhi, 6.75-22.56 4.60-64.70 0.06 Intercalated with Shale 1,883.00 Bhadesar) Vindhyan Sandstone Porous, permeable. 5 2.06-58.40 0.50-8.00 30.00-1649.00 0.04 (Nagaur, Jodhpur,) Intercalated with Shale Occasionally Porous, Jointed fractured and 6 Bhander Sandstone 3.11-12.46 1.00-6.00 39.00-1,138.00 0.02 quartzitic in nature. Often intercalated with Shale 7 Shale Jointed and Fractured 6.85-41.44 0.60-60.00 55.00-269.9 0.015 C. Hard-Rock Aquifers Occasionally vesicular 1 Deccan Traps (Basalt) 1.35-10.54 1.10-8.30 3.00-249.00 0.01 Jointed and Fractured 2 Rhyolite Jointed and Fractured 17.22-9.87 0.10-0.15 - 0.01 3 Jalore Granite Jointed and Fractured 10.20-9.20 3.00-5.00 - 0.02 4 Erinpura Granite Jointed and Fractured 38 1.00-16.00 - 0.02 5 Gneisses Jointed and Fractured 3.41-43.80 5.00-20.00 12.00-305.00 0.015 6 Quartzite Jointed and Fractured 7.60-80.00 <5.00-6.00 10.00-404.00 0.02 7 Slate Jointed and Fractured 16.8 0.50-5.50 - 0.02 8 Ultra-Basics Jointed and Fractured - - - 0.02 9 Phyllite and Schist Jointed and Fractured 1.10-63.00 0.15-20.00 6.52-115.00 0.02 10 Gneisses (B.G.C.) Jointed and Fractured 0.43-16.17 0.33-10.00 - 0.015 Source: CGWB and RGWD * Static Water Level is based on the data from 1963 to 2010.

The yield of wells in alluvial aquifers range for less than 5 to 50 lps. The yield of wells in hard-rock aquifers in general range from 5 to 20 lps except for Bilara limestone and Jurassic sandstone aquifers (Lathi, Parihar etc.) which have maximum yield of 75.70 and 64.70 lps respectively and the maximum yield of wells in Shale aquifer is 60 lps as shown in Table 6.2. The ground water level data (1984-2010) of observation wells of RGWD/ CGWB ACZ- wise for Rajasthan is at Annex 2(c). Aquifer –wise fluctuation in levels of ground water for 19 aquifer units in the state is shown in Table 6.3.

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Table 6.3 Aquifer-wise Ground Water Level Fluctuation in Rajasthan Fluctuation of Ground water ACZ level (m) Min Max Average Younger Alluvium -7.01 10.60 0.81 Older Alluvium -7.23 10.76 1.26 Deccan Traps -5.05 10.30 3.06 Tertiary Sandstone -3.90 8.90 0.33 Jurassic Sandstone -5.50 7.50 0.36 Vindhyan Sandstone -6.10 10.79 0.71 Bhander Sandstone -6.93 10.60 3.02 Bilara Limestone -1.95 10.80 1.33 Limestone -3.55 10.50 2.65 Shale -6.85 10.10 3.89 Rhyolite -6.28 9.83 2.50 Jalore Granite -5.43 10.55 4.54 Erinpura Granite -1.55 10.80 5.33 Gneisses -0.93 10.68 6.10 Quartzite -4.05 10.34 3.05 Slate 0.25 6.50 3.47 Ultra Basics 1.50 4.83 3.08 Phyllite & Schist -6.10 10.76 4.39 Gneisses(B.G.C.) -3.50 10.75 4.65 Grand Total -7.23 10.80 2.67

7. Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan Introduction Agro Climatic Zones of the state have been defined according to the prevailing climate in each ACZ and the crops grown, irrigation patterns etc. Figure 7.1 shows the ACZs and the river basins of Rajasthan. Figure 7.2 presents the Agro Climatic Zone map of Rajasthan along with districts and block covered in each zone. A summary of data on rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, evaporation etc. in the various ACZs is presented in Table 7.1.

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Table 7.1 Summary of Agroclimatic Zones of Rajasthan Average Mean Annual Evaporation Temperature, Mean Relative Humidity, Annual (1990-2009), oC % Zone Name of the Zone Areakm 2 Districts Covered Rainfall cm (1957-2010), Max. Min. Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean mm Ia Arid Western Plain 45,577.83 Barmer and part of Jodhpur 270.2 40.00 8.00 43.9 52.3 47.4 206.9 264.4 232.9 Irrigated North- and Ib 20,620.77 244.0 42.00 4.70 46.9 57.7 52.9 174.1 222.7 194.3 Western Plains Hanumangarh Hyper-Arid and Partly Bikaner, Jaisalmer and Churu Ic 77,001.84 281.4 48.00 3.00 43.5 50.7 46.9 199.7 306.7 247.5 Irrigated Western Plain Transitional Plain of Nagaur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu and IIa 37,054.95 439.4 39.70 5.30 43.8 55.6 48.8 199.3 242.0 214.1 Inland Drainage Part of Churu Transitional Plain of Jalore, Pali, Part of Sirohi and IIb 31,656.93 412.2 38.00 4.90 44.7 61.4 52.0 141.1 251.4 199.0 Luni Basin Jodhpur Semi-Arid Eastern Jaipur, Ajmer , Dausa and IIIa 29,512.93 518.7 40.60 8.30 43.5 53.7 48.5 205.8 228.1 218.3 Arid Tonk Flood-Prone Eastern Alwar, Dhaulpur, Bharatpur, IIIb Plain 24,431.80 Sawai Madhopur, Karauli and 618.7 40.00 8.20 49.4 55.9 52.5 209.4 224.0 216.7 part of Dausa Sub-humid Southern Bhilwara, Sirohi, Rajsamand IVa Plains and the Aravalli 37,563.35 Udaipur and Chittorgarh 615.5 38.60 8.10 47.1 61.5 52.5 148.8 217.5 197.9 Hills Humid Southern Plains Dungarpur, Udaipur, IVb 11,979.32 Banswara, Chittorgarh, 782.8 39.00 7.20 51.5 54.2 53.3 201.2 222.9 214.3 and Pratapgarh Humid South-Eastern Kota, Jhalawar, Bundi and V 26,864.08 773.4 42.60 10.60 44.1 55.1 51.2 189.5 218.3 206.6 Plains Baran Total 342,263.80 Source: IMD

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Figure 7.1 Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan

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7.1 ACZ Ia- Arid Western Plain This zone covers the entire Barmer District, except Siwana block, and Jodhpur district excluding Bilara and Bhopalgarh blocks. This zone, which covers an area of 45,577.83 km2, is one of the most arid parts of the State. The annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) in this zone is 270.20 mm. The zone experienced the lowest rainfall in the year 2002.The minimum rainfall in Barmer District was recorded as 36 mm in the year 2002 at Guda Malani and 39 mm at Luni in Jodhpur District during the year 2002. The area received maximum rainfall during the year 1990. In Barmer District the maximum rainfall was recorded as 1095 mm in Guda Malani and 821 mm in Jodhpur District. Almost 80 – 90% of the total rainfall is received during the southwest monsoon which enters the area during the first week of July and withdraws in mid-September. The humidity is highest in August (63.25%) with mean daily relative humidity of 43% in Barmer and 81% in Jodhpur region. The annual maximum potential evapotranspiration in the zone is quite high. It is highest in May (264 mm) and lowest in December (77 mm). Summer temperatures are high and the diurnal range exceeds 20°C. During the day, the summer temperatures are as high as 49°C but at night, the temperature falls to less than 20°C. In winters, the day temperatures are relatively higher, but night temperatures may drop drastically. Winters are of short duration, not exceeding two months during December-January. This area does not have a developed drainage system. Owing to poor rainfall, surface water resources do not exist, while groundwater is deep and brackish. With the first showers in late July, a few grass species grow and shrubs and dwarf trees become green. But soon after the retreat of the Monsoon in mid September, the vegetation dries up, leaving only a few perennial shrubs and a thin pad of pale grass on the landscape. Mostly rain-fed crops like bajra, Kharif pulses, guar etc. are grown during the Kharif season. Rabi crops include wheat, rape-seed and mustard. 7.2 ACZ Ib - Irrigated North-Western Plains This zone has an area of 20,620.77 km2. The entire area of Ganganagar and Hanumangarh Districts is an alluvial and aeolian plain, formed by Ghaggar River. The Ghaggar channels are quite wide at some places and inundate nearby villages during heavy rainfall in their catchment areas. The arid part of this region is the northern extension of the Indian Thar Desert, covered with wind-blown sand. Extreme aridity, marked with high summer and low winter temperatures, is its usual climatic characteristic. The annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) is ~240 mm. A minimum rainfall of 75.5 mm in Hanumangarh area was recorded in 1997 and the maximum, 887 mm, was recorded in 1978 in Bhadra. In Ganganagar District, a minimum rainfall of 59 mm was received during year 1991 at Raisinghnagar, and the maximum rainfall occurred in 1976 at . The cold season is from December to February and is followed by summer from March to June. The minimum temperature during winter is recorded as low as -1°C, whereas during the summer it rises to as high as 49°C. Evapotranspiration in the zone is highest in the month of May, 424.7 mm, and lowest - in December, 58.9 mm. The mean relative humidity is highest in August (63.47%). High-speed winds blow in summer. The area is rich in agricultural production thanks to a well-developed system

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of canal irrigation systems. The extensive network of Gang Canal and Bhakra Canal, along with the Indira Gandhi Canal, has made the entire area green and productive. Due to the abundance of canal water irrigation, this region has today become the granary of Rajasthan. Among the Kharif crops, cotton, sugarcane, guar and pulses are important. In the Rabi season, wheat, mustard, gram, vegetables and fruits are produced. Total production, as well as the productivity level of all the crops are much higher in this zone than in other parts of the State. 7.3 ACZ Ic - Hyper-Arid and Partly Irrigated Western Plain The geographical area of this zone is 77,001.84 km2. The areas under the command of Indira Gandhi Canal in Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Churu Districts fall under Agroclimatic Zone Ic. This is among the most arid parts of the State. Annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) is ~281.40 mm. The minimum rainfall of 9 mm was received in this zone in 2002 in Ramgarh in Jaisalmer District, while a maximum of ~1058 mm occurred during 1977 in District. Humidity is highest in August, with mean daily relative humidity of 71%. Rainfall may not only vary from year to year but fluctuates in the same year too. Summer temperatures may range between 40 and 42°C during June; temperatures may fall to less than 6°C - 8°C during January. However, minimum temperature as low as 1°C during the winter season and a maximum temperature as high as 49°C during summer season, have also been recorded. The mean relative humidity is highest in August (61.62%). Mean annual potential evapotranspiration range between 160 and 200 mm. The duration of winter is generally short, mostly occurring during the months of December and January. Because of low rainfall, local surface water resources do not exist. Groundwater is generally deep and brackish. Natural vegetation is generally seasonal. A few grass species come up with the onset of Monsoon but dry up by mid September. Rainfed crops, like bajra, guar, Kharif, pulses etc., are generally raised. However, with the availability of canal irrigation water and fresh groundwater from losses along the canal, crops raised include cotton, maize groundnut etc. in Kharif, and wheat, mustard, barley, coriander, taramera and cumin in the Rabi season. 7.4 ACZ IIa - Transitional Plain of Inland Drainage The geographical area of this zone is 37,054.95 km2. The zone has a semi-arid to arid type of climatic conditions. This zone comprises Nagaur, Sikar and Jhunjhunun Districts and Taranagar, Rajgarh, Churu Blocks of Churu District. Annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) in this zone is ~439.40 mm. The minimum annual rainfall was 77 mm during year 2002, recorded in Ladnu, and the annual maximum rainfall of 1,242 mm occurred during 1977 in Khetri. The area has extreme temperature conditions with the minimum reaching sub-zero during the winter and a maximum as high as 49°C during the summer. The mean relative humidity is highest in August (66.12%). The annual maximum potential evapotranspiration in the area is quite high. It is highest (255 mm) in May and lowest (76.5 mm) in December. The areas are covered with sand dunes and inter-dunal sandy plains. Drainage is not well developed and streams, which flow in the rainy season, disappear in the sandy areas after covering some distance. Climatically, this zone is slightly better compared to the adjoining zone of the Arid Western Plain. Rainfall is slightly higher, temperatures in summer months do go very high but the winters are very cold. Irrigation is restricted to areas with good groundwater potential.

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Bajra, sesamum and kharif pulses are the main crops of the rainy season. Wheat, barley, mustard and gram are grown as irrigated crops or on conserved soil moisture during Rabi. 7.5 ACZ IIb - Transitional Plain of Luni Basin The geographical area of this zone is 31,656.93 km2. This area lies between the and the western arid region. The region encompasses the entire districts of Jalore and Pali, Reodhar and Sheoganj Tehsils of Sirohi District, and Bilara and Bhopalgarh Tehsils of Jodhpur District. The region has a semi-arid type of climate. Annual average rainfall (1957 – 2010) in this zone is 412.20 mm. The minimum annual rainfall of 28.4 mm was received during year 1987 in , and the maximum of 1,710 mm - in 1971 in Desuri (Pali). The minimum temperature during the winter season touches 2°C, and the maximum of 48°C - during the summer. The mean relative humidity is highest in August (~73%). The annual maximum potential evapotranspiration is highest in May (~265 mm) and lowest in December (~77 mm). The area is drained by river Luni, which is seasonal and flows only during the rainy season. A number of paleo-channels also exist in this area. The western part of the zone is dotted with sand dunes, interspersed with alluvial soil. Luni and its several tributaries, like Sukri, Mithri and Jawai, have made this area productive. The climatic conditions are almost the same as in the western arid region, except that the rainfall is slightly higher. Groundwater level in these river basins is high, and has been usefully tapped for irrigation. Vegetation is xerophytic and sparse in the western part, but in the east and on the slopes of the Aravalli ranges there is mesophytic vegetation in the form of woodlands, open forests and grasslands. The area produces bajra, maize, guar, sesamum and pulses in the Kharif season. In the Rabi season, wheat, barley and mustard are the dominant crops, especially in irrigated areas. 7.6 ACZ IIIa - Semi-arid Eastern Plain The geographical area of this zone is 29,512.93 km2. This region comprises four districts, namely Jaipur, Dausa, Tonk and Ajmer. River Banas, with its several tributaries, forms a rich fertile plain. On the western side, the region is flanked by the low Aravalli hills which extend from southwest to the northeast. Annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) in this zone is ~518.70 mm. The minimum rainfall of 21 mm was recorded during the year 1981 in Sikari, and the maximum of 1,652 mm - also in Sikari in 1995. The annual potential evapotranspiration in the zone is about 1,745 mm. The mean relative humidity is highest in August (67.4%) and lowest in April (29.4%). Summer and winter temperatures are not as extreme as in the arid west. Summer temperatures may reach around 47°C, and in winter the minimum may reach 5°C. Depth to groundwater table varies from 15 to 25 m, but the annual fluctuations are high, especially in the years when the southwest monsoon fails and the yearly replenishment is low. Surface water sources are scarce and thus harnessing of groundwater has been going on at an accelerated pace. Natural vegetation is of the mixed xerophytic and mesophytic type, but owing to heavy felling of trees, the surface mantle has been robbed of its natural wealth. In the total gross cultivated area of this zone, bajra, sorghum and pulses are grown in the Kharif season, and wheat, barley, gram and mustard in the Rabi season. Productivity of all crops in this zone is better than that of the agroclimatic zones to the west of the Aravalli range.

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7.7 ACZ IIIb - Flood-Prone Eastern Plains The geographical area of this zone is 24,431.80 km2. It comprises Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Karauli Districts and Bonli, Bamanwas and Gangapur city blocks of Sawai Madhopur District. Except for few low hills which exist in Alwar and Sawai Madhopur Districts, the entire region is a flood plain of Banganga and Gambhir rivers. The region has rich alluvial soils, the fertility of which is replenished every year by the flood water of the rivers. In periods of heavy rainfall, the rivers overflow their banks and inundate the surrounding villages. Climatically, the area is similar to the plains of Banas, but the rainfall is higher in the eastern side. Annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) in this zone is 611 mm. The minimum annual rainfall of 97 mm was recorded in Bonli (Sawai Madhopur) during the year 2002, and the maximum of 1,727 mm – in Bamanwas (Sawai Madhopur) during the year 1981. The annual potential evapotranspiration in the area is about 1780 mm. The mean relative humidity is highest in August (76%). Natural vegetation exists on mountain slopes, wetland areas and protected zones, but the excessive plundering of forest wealth has dwindled the natural cover. The region produces a variety of crops because both surface water and groundwater irrigation sources exist. A network of canals, extending from the upper Yamuna Canal and the Panchana Dam, irrigate this area. Groundwater depths vary from 5 to 15 m in this zone, and well-water irrigation is practised. The region produces bajra, sorghum, maize, sugarcane, sesamum and a variety of pulses in Kharif season. Wheat, barley, gram and mustard are the dominant crops of the Rabi season. 7.8 ACZ IVa - Sub-humid Southern Plains and the Aravalli Hills The geographical area of this zone is 37,563.35 km2. It comprises Udaipur, Bhilwara, Chittorgarh and Rajsamand Districts and Pindwara, Abu road Tehsils of Sirohi District, Pratapgarh, Choti Sadri Tehsils of Pratapgarh District. For the most part, this is a region of low Aravalli hills with an inter-mountain plateau, deeply dissected by streams and rivers. The region has a moderately warm climate in summers and mild winters. Annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) in this zone is ~615 mm. The minimum annual rainfall of 51 mm was recorded during the year 2008 in Pindwara, and the maximum – 2,263.2 mm - in 1973 in Nimbahera (Chittorgarh). Humidity is highest in August (~81%). The annual potential evapotranspiration in this area is about 1,495 mm and is highest in May (228 mm). There are a number of surface-water streams like Gambhir, Sabarmati, Banas and its tributaries, but they are all ephemeral. The surface rocks are granitic and highly metamorphosed, and the depressions on the surface are filled with rain-water in the form of natural storages (“tanks”). The area is rich in natural vegetation, which grows on the slopes of the Aravallis and in the wetland areas, but excessive felling of trees has degraded these open forests. Tank water irrigation is most common. The area produces maize as the chief food crop of the Kharif season, but in the irrigated areas rice is also grown. In the Rabi season, wheat, gram and oil seeds are the main crops. In areas of black soil, cotton and opium are cultivated.

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7.9 ACZ IVb - Humid Southern Plains The geographic area of this zone is about 11,979.32 km2. The districts of Dungarpur and Banswara, parts of Udaipur (Dhariyawad, Salumber and Sarada Tehsils) and Chittorgarh (Choti Sadri, , Pratapgarh and Arnod Tehsils), are included in this zone. The area comprises low Aravalli hills with intrusions of black lava rocks. This is mostly a tribal area where Bhils, Garasiyas and Damors live amidst forests and hills. The area has a humid climate with an average rainfall of more than 818 mm per year. Annual average rainfall (1957 - 2010) in this zone is 782.80 mm. The minimum annual rainfall, 115.7 mm, was received during the year 1971 in Ganeshpura () and the maximum of 2,591 mm was recorded during the year 2006 in Banswara. Temperatures do not fluctuate much in summer and winter, so the area has mild winters and mild summers. The mean relative humidity is highest in August (~82%). All these factors combined promote a profuse growth of natural vegetation. The mountain slopes have an abundance of natural forests. There are a number of surface-water streams. Mahi and its tributaries, like Anas, Arau and Jakham, have made this area very fertile. The commissioning of Mahi Bajaj Sagar multipurpose project has provided this area with canal water irrigation and electric power. Cotton and sugarcane are the chief cash crops grown in the black soil region. Maize, sorghum and rice are the chief food crops of the Kharif season and groundnut, mustard, sesamum and rapeseed are also grown. 7.10 ACZ V - Humid South-Eastern Plains The geographical area of the zone is 26,864.08 km2. Popularly known as the Hadauti Plateau, this region includes the districts of Kota, Baran, Bundi and Jhalawar and two Tehsils of Sawai Madhopur, namely Khandar and Sawai Madhopur. The black soil region of this plateau is fertile and is used for cultivation of sugarcane, cotton and opium. The region has low hills of the Gwalior series, interspersed with broad plateaus of Vindhyan rocks. A large number of rivers drain this area. Chambal is the main river, along with its main tributaries, like Parvati, Kali Sindh, Parwan and Banas. The development of a canal irrigation system with a series of dams and barrages on has made this area rich in agricultural production. Gandhi Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar and Jawahar Sagar dams, together with Kota Barrage, have generated enough resources of electricity and canal water for irrigation. Annual average rainfall (1957-2010) in this zone is 773.40 mm. The region has warm summers but mild winters. Summer temperatures sometimes touch 45°C. The relative humidity is generally high in this zone. Annual Average rainfall (1957 - 2010) in this zone is 759 mm. The minimum annual rainfall of 54.3 mm was recorded during the year 1979 in Asnawar () whereas maximum annual rainfall 2,241.30 mm during the year 1998 was received in Dug (Jhalawar district). The annual normal rainfall varies from 650 to 1,000 mm. The mean annual relative humidity is highest in August (75.84%). Natural vegetation exists in the form of woodlands, parklands and open forests, which have, however, now degraded. Rice and sorghum are the chief food crops grown in the Kharif season. This area is suitable for soyabean and wheat, Barley, gram and mustard are also grown in winter.

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8. Groundwater Study in Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan The entire state has been classified into 10 Agro Climatic Zones on the basis of climatic factor existing in a particular zone area. Groundwater study in these ACZs has been conducted on the basis of different parameters and different aquifer units which are discussed in the following paragraphs alongwith the findings of this study. Detailed groundwater study of each ACZ is presented in Volume 2 of this report. As mentioned earlier, 19 main hydrogeological units (aquifer units) have been identified in Rajasthan, the distribution of these 19 aquifer units in 10 Agro climatic zones of Rajasthan is given in Table 8.1. Table 8.1 ACZ wise Aquifer Units and their Areas Hydrogeological ACZ Area, km 2 Unit / Hill Younger Alluvium 2,539.65 Older Alluvium 14,473.69 Tertiary Sandstone 6,420.44 Jurassic Sandstone 2,209.81 Vindhyan Sandstone 10,842.83 Ia Bilara Limestone 3,620.03 Phyllite & Schist 0.70 Jalore Granite 1,838.75 Rhyolite 3,429.50 Hills 202.43 Ia Total 45,577.83 Younger Alluvium 19,662.61 Ib Older Alluvium 933.09 Vindhyan Sandstone 25.07 Ib Total 20,620.77 Younger Alluvium 16,283.61 Older Alluvium 16,020.88 Tertiary Sandstone 16,890.07 Jurassic Sandstone 13,003.26 Ic Vindhyan Sandstone 10,201.11 Bilara Limestone 861.49 Phyllite & Schist 1,063.13 Jalore Granite 1,117.55 Rhyolite 1,560.74 Ic Total 77,001.84 Younger Alluvium 929.52 Older Alluvium 22,517.52 Tertiary Sandstone 1,192.14 Vindhyan Sandstone 3,704.10 IIa Bilara Limestone 3,788.60 Quartzite 2,152.72 Phyllite & Schist 2,150.87 Gneisses 4.07 Hills 615.41

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Hydrogeological ACZ Area, km 2 Unit / Hill IIa Total 37,054.95 Younger Alluvium 3,844.88 Older Alluvium 12,958.69 Vindhyan Sandstone 902.54 Bilara Limestone 1,252.39 Phyllite & Schist 3,987.63 IIb Gneisses 644.67 Jalore Granite 2,656.42 Erinpura Granite 4,232.64 Rhyolite 56.16 Hills 1,120.92 IIb Total 31,656.93 Younger Alluvium 4,690.35 Older Alluvium 7,411.26 Limestone 6.40 Shale 5.32 Quartzite 920.67 IIIa Slate 3.72 Phyllite & Schist 6,958.78 Gneisses 300.21 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 7,904.09 Hills 1,312.10 IIIa Total 29,512.93 Younger Alluvium 119.42 Older Alluvium 16,687.18 Bhander Sandstone 3,782.01 Limestone 427.63 IIIb Quartzite 1,920.57 Slate 363.92 Phyllite & Schist 510.83 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.14 Hills 620.10 IIIb Total 24,431.80 Older Alluvium 100.15 Deccan Traps 1,366.83 Bhander Sandstone 2,281.87 Limestone 587.76 Shale 2,482.73 IVa Quartzite 223.47 Phyllite & Schist 12,993.77 Gneisses 1,018.44 Erinpura Granite 997.11 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 11,458.56 Hills 4,052.67 IVa Total 37,563.35 . Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 38

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Hydrogeological ACZ Area, km 2 Unit / Hill Deccan Traps 2,403.16 Limestone 188.35 IVb Phyllite & Schist 5,517.60 Ultra Basics 107.72 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2,351.35 Hills 1,411.14 IVb Total 11,979.32 Older Alluvium 3,865.63 Deccan Traps 5,810.53 Bhander Sandstone 7,890.41 Limestone 3,642.95 V Shale 1,418.63 Quartzite 107.59 Phyllite & Schist 2,544.87 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 10.16 Hills 1,573.32 V Total 26,864.08 Grand Total 342,263.80

8.1 Depth to Groundwater Figures 8.1 and 8.2 present the depth to groundwater levels during pre-monsoon and post monsoon in the year 2010, respectively (based on data given in Annex 2(c)). Depth to groundwater maps should be regarded to with caution as they are affected both from the absolute groundwater elevation and surface topography. Therefore, these maps only represent the existing depth to water level with respect to ground level and should serve as a supplementary tool for planning new well fields and studying groundwater pollution processes. The depth to groundwater seems very different between the two sides of the Aravali Hill Range. On the north-western side, the depth ranges from a few meters bgl to >120 m in some areas presenting relatively large spatial variation. On the south-eastern side, maximum depth reaches 40-60 m (with few localized exceptions of 80-100 m. The depth to water table is directly correlated to seasonal fluctuations (between pre and post monsoon). It is clearly visible that these groundwater fluctuations are negligible in the deeper aquifers. Correlation can be found between Chloride & Electrical Conductivity and the depth to groundwater (groundwater quality, para 1.12.3 in each ACZ). The deeper most groundwater generally present lower salinities compared to areas with shallow water table e.g. Osian, Bap and Phalodi blocks of Jodhpur district, and Nokha blocks of Bikaner district, Jaisalmer, Sankara and eastern part of Sam blocks of Jaisalmer district and Nagaur and blocks of Nagaur district, Most likely it is related to dispersion and retardation caused by soil-water interactions and transport processes through the unsaturated profile. 8.2 Groundwater Levels and Flow Directions Figure 8.3 presents the static groundwater elevation contour map for the entire state according to RGWD and CGWB water level data of pre monsoon 2010 (see Annex 2(c)).

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Rajasthan is divided by the Aravalli mountain range into two main drainage systems: a western basin, with drainage direction to the northwest, and an eastern basin with a general drainage direction towards southeast. Highest (reported!) groundwater levels are found along the southern stretch of the Aravallies, about 950 – 1000 m amsl, and lowest ones are reported from the southwest, at the outlet of the Luni river into the Rann of Kutchch, in , less than 20m amsl. In the east, at the outlets of the different basins from Rajasthan, the water levels are between 100m and 150m amsl. The groundwater level contours along the southern stretch of the Aravallies portray a very complicated, steep pattern in the eastern flank, mainly in the south within ACZ Iva, IV b and V (Banas, Sabarmati and Mahi basins). In the west there is a sharp drop from the 900 – 1000m amsl water level peaks to 300 – 350m amsl levels over a very short lap, with no data (no observation wells) in between (Figure 6.1). The complex features of the river basins east of the Aravallies are clearly different from those of the western side. The eastern side is subdivided into two huge basins (Banas, Chambal) and eight, small river basins. The main aquifers in these basin areas are the Old and Younger Alluvium overlying semi pervious to almost impervious aquifers. The depth of water level here is shallow and the alluvial aquifers intercept the other water bearing horizons and, therefore, at present there is no necessity of deep well drilling. The western system comprises two huge basins, the Luni Basin and the Outside Basin, where the main aquifers are under a thick cover of alluvium viz. the limestone, sandstone and hard-rock formations. The water level is considerably deeper as compared to the eastern part, amounting to more than 100m in the south west (ACZ Ia and Ic). These aquifers also constitute the main potential groundwater resources, although the quality is usually poor, as compared to the eastern basins. However, in the center of the Luni Basin (ACZ IIb) and in the northern part of the Outside Basin (ACZ Ia, Ib), including the Ghaggar Basin, the operative aquifers are younger and older alluvium. The lateral outlets of groundwater flows from Rajasthan, as is being portrayed in the map, takes place all around the state. In the east there is outflow to the states of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana in the north, to Pakistan in the west and to the state of Gujarat in the south. The IGNP feeder canal contributes to the groundwater resources in the northwest, which is probably more than the groundwater losses to Pakistan. 8.3 Groundwater Level Fluctuation Figure 8.4 presents the average groundwater fluctuation (post monsoon – pre monsoon) for the period 1984-2010 (data given in Annex 2(c)). Groundwater fluctuation ranges between < 1m and >10 m. These fluctuations are controlled by three main factors: precipitation, nature of hydrogeological formations and the depth to groundwater level. The first and most dominant factor is the monsoon rainfall. . Accordingly, on the northwestern side of the Aravali Range there are low amplitude fluctuations due to the desert conditions (low rainfall, high evaporation, and relatively thick unsaturated zone. On the contrary, the southeastern part of the state is characterized by significant monsoon rains that are reflected in the groundwater fluctuations. The highest fluctuations are recorded in the south within (ACZ IVa), probably due to presence of hard rock formations, and secondary porosity (joints and fractures) in them, low storativity, low yield potential and relatively shallow water table.

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8.4 Long-Term Water Level Trends Figures 8.5 and 8.6 present the long term trends (pre-monsoon and post-monsoon respectively) of groundwater levels for the period 1984-2010 (based on data given in Annex 2(c)). The Long-term trends range from rising levels of>0.4 m/yr to a decline rate of more than-1 m/yr. The groundwater level trends reflect the over-all balance of the water in the aquifer. If the total of outflow is greater than the total of inflow – groundwater levels will decline. Therefore, water table trends are one of the best indicators for assessing the over-all condition of the aquifer, taking into account all factors, natural as well as artificial. The maps show a good correlation between the areas characterized by severe water table decline and areas of intensive drafts (see map: Annual average drafts 1995-2009), usually from alluvial formations. According to Figures 8.5, 8.6 three major strips in a general southwest to northeast direction can be identified on the basis of rate of decline of water table / year: (i) Southern strip: moderate decline rates of the water table of up to 0.5 m/yr. This strip includes ACZ IVa, IVb, V and the northern parts of ACZ IIIa and IIIb. The region is characterized by relatively shallow groundwater and moderate to high annual draft, which are compensated by relatively high rainfall. (ii) Middle strip: extreme decline rates of the water table up to 1 m/yr and above. This strip includes the northern parts of ACZ IIIa and IIIb and ACZ Ia, IIa and IIb. This region, along the Aravali hill range includes some of the most populated districts and increased agricultural activity. Water consumption is the highest in this part of the state with average annual draft volumes of ~ 100 Mm 3 and above. As a result, this is the area having the highest rate of water table decline. (iii) Northern strip: stable levels to moderate increase in groundwater levels up to 0.4 m/yr. This strip includes mainly ACZ Ia and Ic. Being the desert area habitations in this region are scarce and lower agricultural activity, therefore groundwater abstractions are relatively low, especially in relation to surface area (Mm 3/Km 2). Significant losses of water from the Indira Gandhi Canal into the groundwater causes general increase in the water table along most of this strip (although average rainfall in this area is low). 8.5 Long-Term Drafts Figures 8.7, 8.8 and 8.9 present the (a) average annual drafts (b) the average annual draft per unit area and (c) the relative change in drafts between 1995 and 2009, respectively on the basis of groundwater assessment reports of 1995, 2001, 2004, 2007 and 2009 of CGWB and RGWD (section 1.12 in each ACZ). Relative growth between 1995 and 2009 according to uses (agricultural or domestic and industrial) was calculated using the following formula (Example calculation for 1995 to 2001):

2001 − 1995 ℎ% = 100 ∗ 1995

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District and block wise groundwater draft for the period 1995-2009 along with the rise and decline in Mm 3/yr in this period and the ratio of average draft v/s per unit block area is given in Annex 8. Average draft per unit area ranges from less than 0.015 Mm 3/yr/km 2 to more than 0.21 Mm 3/yr/km 2. Highest drafts were recorded mainly in the eastern part of the state in Amber, Jhotwara and Sanganer blocks in Jaipur districts and in Behror, Mandawar, Kotkasim and blocks of Alwar districts. These are thickly populated areas. These intensive drafts are also reflected in Figures 8.5-8.6 of long- term groundwater level trends. Since 1995 the drafts have increased significantly in most of the state's area (Figure 8.9). Although ACZ Ic presents consistently the highest rise of more than 250%. The draft to area ratio map (Figure 8.8) reveals that the intensity of the pumping in the western part is rather low compared to the eastern part of the state. 8.6 Groundwater Quality

Figures 8.10, 8.11, 8.12 and 8.13 present the distribution of Cl, EC, NO 3 and F in the State of Rajasthan in per-monsoon 2010, respectively (based on data given in Annex 3(a)). Chloride concentrations range from more than 1,000 mg/l to less than 250 mg/l; Electrical Conductivity levels range from less than 750 µS/cm to more than 5,000 µS/cm; Nitrate values range from less than 45 mg/l to more than 100 mg/l and Fluoride concentration range from less than 1 mg/l to more than 1.5 mg/l. In most areas, there is a direct correlation between the chloride concentrations and EC levels. At certain places, high Nitrate levels are associated with high chlorides or EC levels, as a result of agriculture and domestic activities (exhibited in Figure 8.10-8.12). Interestingly, the depth to water table maps present a generally good correlation to the Cl, EC and NO 3 distribution, demonstrating the important role of the unsaturated profile as a buffer zone between the surface and the aquifer reservoir helping to prevent groundwater pollution. As mention above, the deeper groundwater surface presents generally better qualities than shallower areas. Areas with intensive flood irrigation and large evaporation may suffer from increasing Chloride concentration e.g. in Barmer, Pali and southern Jodhpur District. In the northern part of the state, IGNP transfers water of higher salinities (partially due to evaporation) to the underlying aquifers. The water recharges the aquifer and raises its salinities as indicated in the maps. ACZ wise and aquifer wise analysis of groundwater quality has been presented in Volume 2 of this report. 8.6.1 Ground Water Quality- Village-Wise Time-series of hydrochemical data of ACZs, pre and post-monsoon hydrochemical data of ACZs and computed SAR value of ACZ well waters is shown in Annex 3 (a) and 3 (b). By using groundwater quality map layers and superimposing village layer data, the position of the quality of groundwater in various villages in different ACZs was assessed in GIS coverage. The water quality was classified according to the main parameters of chloride, fluoride, nitrate and electric conductivity. Village wise Suitability of Ground water Village wise suitability of ground water has been worked out using permissible limits all the 4 parameters as shown in Table 8.2(a) and Table 8.2(b).

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Table 8.2(a) Groundwater Suitability Norms for Drinking Purpose Maximum Permissible S. No Chemical Parameters limit in the absence of alternate source 1. Chloride (mg/l) 1000 2. Fluoride (mg/l) 1.5 3. Nitrate (mg/l) 100 4. Electric Conductivity (µS/cm) 2250 Source: BIS

Table 8.2(b) Groundwater Suitability Norms for Livestock and Poultry EC, Suitability range of water for livestock and poultry µS/cm Relatively low level of salinity. Excellent for all classes of livestock 1500 and poultry. Very satisfactory for all classes of livestock and poultry. May cause 1500-5000 temporary and mild diarrhea in livestock not accustomed to them; may cause watery droppings in poultry. Satisfactory for livestock, but may cause temporary diarrhea or be 5000-8000 refused at first by animals not accustomed to them. Can be used with reasonable safety for dairy and beef cattle, sheep, 8000- swine, and horses. Avoid use for pregnant or lactating animals. Not 11000 acceptable for poultry. Unfit for poultry and probably for swine. Considerable risk in using for pregnant or lactating cows, horses or sheep, or for the young of 11000- these species. In general, use should be avoided although older 16000 ruminants, horses, poultry, and swine may subsist on them under certain conditions. 11000- Risks with these highly saline waters are so great that they cannot 16000 be recommended for use under any condition. Sources: Environmental Studies Board, Nat. Acad. of Sci., Nat. Acad. of Eng., Water Quality Criteria, 1972. Ayers, R.S. and D.W. Westcot. Water Quality for Agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1976.

The village wise assessment of suitability of ground water for domestic, irrigation and for livestock use is given in Annex 4. The number of villages falling in suitable and unsuitable category with respect to limit of usable water quality for domestic, irrigation and livestock purposes is given in Table 8.3.

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Table 8.3 ACZ wise Number of villages under suitable and unsuitable category for Drinking, Irrigation and Livestock Purposes Total Domestic Irrigation Livestock ACZ Villages Unsuitable Suitable Unsuitable Suitable Unsuitable Suitable Ia 2,713 2,410 303 2,211 407 883 1,811 Ib 4,957 2,866 2,091 3,192 1,851 1,103 4,077 Ic 1,961 1,554 407 1,426 494 512 1,469 IIa 3,828 2,608 1,220 2,013 1,736 663 2,954 IIb 2,249 1,852 397 1,300 845 490 1,695 IIIa 5,272 2,601 2,671 1,718 3,675 277 4,929 IIIb 5,697 2,468 3,229 2,184 3,449 700 5,026 IVa 7,051 2,073 4,978 1,037 6,040 127 6,903 IVb 3,053 481 2,572 68 2,981 2 3,053 V 4,923 1,750 3,173 235 4,713 18 4,910 Total 41,704 20,663 21,041 15,384 26,191 4,775 36,827 Source: Groundwater chemical analysis data pre-monsoon 2010 of CGWB and RGWD . According to this table, out of total number of 41,704 villages (as per census 2001) in various ACZs, 21,041 have been found suitable for drinking water, 26,191 for irrigation use and 36,827 for livestock/poultry water use. This is discussed ACZ wise in subsequent chapters. 8.7 Static Groundwater Storage The static groundwater storage is a term referring to the saturated zone of the aquifer which is not renewable. It is located below the zone of the average annual fluctuation (the replenished zone). This is a unique storage. Each cubic meter of water which is drawn out of the static reserve is regarded as permanent loss of this natural resource. The most important and basic principal in exploitation of natural resources, especially the groundwater, is sustainability, i.e. using the resource within the limits of the natural replenishment/restoration rate, in order to stop exhaust of this resource. The main danger in utilizing the static groundwater reserve is by causing a permanent change which will affect the groundwater regime (i.e. groundwater levels, flow direction, qualities). The effect of this is dangerous especially in places where fresh-saline interface/transition zones are known. In such cases saline water bodies might intrude into fresh groundwater zone as a result of over pumping in fresh water zone. This might cause salinization of entire well field. Therefore, exploitation of the static storage, if unavoidable, should be carried out with great care and close monitoring. The correct practice should be modelling the expected effects on the groundwater regime at various pumping schemes prior to initiation of the static storage exploitation in order to avoid undesired conditions and irreversible damage. Figures 8.14 and 8.15 present the static groundwater storage of the fresh and saline (EC > 2,250 µS/cm) aquifers in Rajasthan. The detailed village wise assessment procedure and calculations are given in Annex 7(a) and 7(b), respectively. Block wise details of static ground water storage for fresh and saline (EC > 2,250 µS/cm) aquifer in various ACZs is given in Table 8.4. The amount of groundwater stored in an aquifer depends mainly on its hydrogeological features, on ancient sources of water and on the current water loses (mainly due to massive production). Static Groundwater Storage of fresh aquifers in Rajasthan ranges between almost nothing and reaches more than 200 Mm 3/block. As per the Figure 8.14, areas south to the Aravali Range have relatively limited static storage upto 50.00 Mm 3 (ACZ IVa, IVb, V). This is due to the relatively limited thickness of the Older and Younger Alluvium and the presence of hard rock Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 44

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formations having low transmissivity. Towards north-west of the Aravali Range there is a larger quantity of static storage because of greater depth of the alluvial formations combined with massive recharge from IGNP and less intensive drafts. Static storage of saline groundwater is found mainly on the northern parts of Rajasthan (ACZ Ia, Ib, Ic) and ranges between less than 50 Mm 3/block and more than 200 Mm 3/block as can be seen in Figure 8.15. The maximum fresh static groundwater storage of 15,559.51 Mm 3 has been assessed in Older Alluvium aquifer; followed by Younger Alluvium (6803.72 Mm 3), Tertiary Sandstone (3147.68 Mm 3), Vindhyan Sandstone (2773.33 Mm 3), Jurassic Sandstone (2534.66 Mm 3), Bilara Limestone (1133.13 Mm 3), Phyllite & Schist (193.40 Mm 3), Bhander Sandstone (188.61 Mm 3), Gneisses (B.G.C.) (140.28 Mm 3), Jalore Granite (104.12 Mm 3), Limestone (103.15 Mm 3), Rhyolite (68.08 Mm 3), Shale (56.53 Mm 3), Deccan Traps (51.02 Mm 3), Quartzite (27.21 Mm 3), Erinpura Granite (19.69 Mm 3), Gneisses (8.24 Mm 3), Slate (1.43 Mm 3) and Ultra Basics (0.37 Mm 3). The maximum saline static groundwater storage of 9726.57 Mm3 has been assessed in Younger Alluvium aquifer; followed by Older Alluvium (9429.88 Mm 3), Tertiary Sandstone (6055.38 Mm 3), Jurassic Sandstone (3615.32 Mm 3), Vindhyan Sandstone (692.03 Mm 3), Bilara Limestone (93.08 Mm 3), Jalore Granite (44.28 Mm 3), Rhyolite (28.51 Mm 3), Phyllite & Schist (17.84 Mm 3), Bhander Sandstone (7.08 Mm 3), Erinpura Granite (6.25 Mm 3), Gneisses (B.G.C.) (4.47 Mm 3), Gneisses (3.13 Mm 3), Quartzite (1.19 Mm 3), Limestone (0.49 Mm 3) and Slate (0.01 Mm 3); while Deccan Traps, Shale and Ultra Basics aquifers does not contain any saline area. Further Agro Climatic Zone wise details are presented in Volume 2 of this report.

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Table 8.4 Block wise details of static ground water storage in Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Jalore Granite 0.02 0.05 Older Alluvium 365.12 752.04 Rhyolite 0.61 2.63 Tertiary Sandstone - 1.17 Vindhyan Sandstone - 0 Younger Alluvium 42.19 160.26 Block Total 407.93 916.15 Jalore Granite - 0.48 Jurassic Sandstone 0.03 0.35 Barmer Older Alluvium 384.03 223.47 Rhyolite 5.67 4.58 Tertiary Sandstone 47.28 2.58 Block Total 437.02 231.46 Jurassic Sandstone 15.01 8.24 Older Alluvium - 224.59 Baytoo Rhyolite 0.05 1.75 Tertiary Sandstone 141.43 185.42 BARMER Block Total 156.48 420 Chohtan Older Alluvium 1,014.86 372.8 Block Total 1,014.86 372.8 Older Alluvium 719 83.12 Dhorimanna Younger Alluvium 513.13 206.16 Block Total 1,232.13 289.28 Jalore Granite 0.79 27.42 Ia Jurassic Sandstone 341.83 50.89 Rhyolite - 0.56 Tertiary Sandstone 451.22 301.63 Younger Alluvium 16.61 12.25 Block Total 810.45 392.75 Jalore Granite 0 0.02 Older Alluvium 291.44 226.49 Sindhari Rhyolite 0.33 1.28 Tertiary Sandstone 1.71 45.16 Younger Alluvium 92.3 209.98 Block Total 385.78 482.93 District Total 4,444.65 3,105.36 Older Alluvium 30.8 43.89 Rhyolite 0.29 - Vindhyan Sandstone 222.3 9.83 Block Total 253.39 53.73 Bilara Limestone 348.47 8.91 Older Alluvium - 8.29 Bap JODHPUR Vindhyan Sandstone 306.98 32.62 Younger Alluvium 102.07 14.81 Block Total 757.52 64.62 Bilara Limestone 0.12 - Bawari Jalore Granite 4.91 - Bawari Vindhyan Sandstone 250.63 - Block Total 255.65 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 46

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Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Jalore Granite 1.53 0.36 Older Alluvium 238.73 229.62 Phyllite & Schist - 0.03 Luni Rhyolite 7.09 0.45 Vindhyan Sandstone 1.17 5.63 Younger Alluvium - 5.07 Block Total 248.51 241.15 Jalore Granite 22.81 1.75 Older Alluvium 43.66 4.12 Mandor Rhyolite 3.14 - Vindhyan Sandstone 120.01 2.85 JODHPUR Ia Block Total 189.61 8.72 Bilara Limestone 19.85 - Osian Older Alluvium 1.34 - Vindhyan Sandstone 303.54 - Block Total 324.74 - Bilara Limestone 249.94 4.07 Phalodi Vindhyan Sandstone 360.82 - Block Total 610.76 4.07 Older Alluvium 173.69 114.23 Shergarh Vindhyan Sandstone 154.64 4.84 Block Total 328.34 119.07 District Total 2,968.51 491.36 Ia Total 7,413.16 3,596.72 Older Alluvium - 18.76 Anupgarh Younger Alluvium 89.74 324.57 Block Total 89.74 343.33 Ganganagar Younger Alluvium 164.08 141.02 Block Total 164.08 141.02 Older Alluvium 0.86 80.88 Gharsana Younger Alluvium 87.07 311.72 Block Total 87.93 392.61 Karanpur Younger Alluvium 105.36 141.96 GANGANAGAR Block Total 105.36 141.96 Padampur Younger Alluvium 61.26 162.29 Block Total 61.26 162.29 Raisinghnagar Younger Alluvium 37.99 268.43 Block Total 37.99 268.43 Ib Younger Alluvium 58.33 136.96 Block Total 58.33 136.96 Older Alluvium - 51.24 Suratgarh Younger Alluvium 96.05 491.77 Block Total 96.05 543.01 District Total 700.74 2,129.61 Older Alluvium 0 0.05 Bhadra Younger Alluvium 92.86 487.15 Block Total 92.86 487.2 Hanumangarh Younger Alluvium 116.11 258.57 HANUMANGARH Block Total 116.11 258.57 Older Alluvium - 86.92 Nohar Vindhyan Sandstone - 3.46 Younger Alluvium 38.6 517.56 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 47

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Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Block Total 38.6 607.94 Younger Alluvium 121.45 238.77 Block Total 121.45 238.77 Older Alluvium - 28.48 Younger Alluvium - 574 HANUMANGARH Ib Block Total - 602.48 Sangaria Younger Alluvium 44.08 115.24 Block Total 44.08 115.24 Tibi Younger Alluvium 106.64 148.37 Block Total 106.64 148.37 District Total 519.74 2,458.57 Ib Total 1,220.48 4,588.18 Older Alluvium - 35.53 Bikaner Tertiary Sandstone 988.69 22.14 Vindhyan Sandstone 17.58 22.07 Block Total 1,006.28 79.74 Bilara Limestone 0.37 - Older Alluvium 251.67 - Dungargarh Tertiary Sandstone 439.1 57.75 Vindhyan Sandstone 26.76 0.98 Younger Alluvium 25.77 - Block Total 743.67 58.73 Older Alluvium - 2,110.09 Tertiary Sandstone - 0 Younger Alluvium - 0 Block Total - 2,110.09 BIKANER Older Alluvium 107 1,145.74 Tertiary Sandstone 247.85 470.9 Kolayat Vindhyan Sandstone 45.01 23.75 Younger Alluvium 6.76 64.18 Block Total 406.61 1,704.56 Older Alluvium 77.98 594.07 Ic Tertiary Sandstone 234.24 170.39 Lunkaransar Vindhyan Sandstone 39.8 87.57 Younger Alluvium 17.75 55.67 Block Total 369.77 907.7 Bilara Limestone 10.59 48.06 Older Alluvium 57.76 - Nokha Tertiary Sandstone 182.95 - Vindhyan Sandstone 192.28 0.08 Block Total 443.58 48.14 District Total 2,969.91 4,908.96 Bilara Limestone 3.44 - Older Alluvium 140.15 115.87 Ratangarh Phyllite & Schist - 0.25 Vindhyan Sandstone 66.7 - Block Total 210.28 116.12 CHURU Older Alluvium 92.79 99.27 Tertiary Sandstone 49.94 - Sardarshahar Vindhyan Sandstone 41.17 112.63 Younger Alluvium 1,024.48 107.03 Block Total 1,208.39 318.92 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 48

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Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Bilara Limestone 76.14 4.97 Older Alluvium 10.23 13.77 Phyllite & Schist 0.05 4.1 CHURU Sujangarh Tertiary Sandstone 8.42 - Vindhyan Sandstone 96.26 20.35 Younger Alluvium 11.45 64.25 Block Total 202.56 107.45 District Total 1,621.23 542.48 Bilara Limestone 0.21 - Jurassic Sandstone 1,070.46 2,683.78 Older Alluvium 67.36 15.68 Jaisalmer Tertiary Sandstone 37.88 2,956.93 Vindhyan Sandstone 52.29 162.77 Younger Alluvium 223.62 1,420.72 Ic Block Total 1,451.82 7,239.87 Jalore Granite 5.3 1.63 Jurassic Sandstone 1,033.79 844.77 Sam Tertiary Sandstone 70.13 1,638.20 JAISALMER Younger Alluvium 1,431.61 2,808.83 Block Total 2,540.82 5,293.43 Bilara Limestone 4.15 0.51 Jalore Granite 15.17 7.47 Jurassic Sandstone 73.54 27.29 Sankra Older Alluvium - 100.44 Rhyolite 48.56 17.25 Tertiary Sandstone - 185.06 Vindhyan Sandstone 62.24 191.13 Block Total 203.66 529.16 District Total 4,196.30 13,062.46 Ic Total 8,787.44 18,513.90 Churu Older Alluvium 211.31 390.89 Block Total 211.31 390.89 Older Alluvium 132.69 681.01 Rajgarh Younger Alluvium 1.3 124.31 CHURU Block Total 133.98 805.32 Older Alluvium - 257.05 Taranagar Vindhyan Sandstone - 2.19 Younger Alluvium - 9.52 Block Total - 268.76 District Total 345.29 1,464.97 Alsisar Older Alluvium 78.42 20.6 IIa Block Total 78.42 20.6 Older Alluvium 96.57 - Quartzite 0.01 - Block Total 96.59 - Older Alluvium 47.85 - JHUNJHUNUN Younger Alluvium 14.13 - Block Total 61.98 - Older Alluvium 110.32 - Jhunjhunun Younger Alluvium 12.09 - Block Total 122.41 - Khetri Older Alluvium 26.66 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 49

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Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Quartzite 1.26 - Khetri Younger Alluvium 6.41 - Block Total 34.33 - Older Alluvium 66.86 - Nawalgarh Quartzite 0.22 - Block Total 67.08 - JHUNJHUNUN Older Alluvium 104.33 - Younger Alluvium 0.04 - Block Total 104.37 - Older Alluvium 59.64 2.4 Udaipurwati Quartzite 0.68 0.12 Younger Alluvium 40.26 - Block Total 100.59 2.52 District Total 665.76 23.12 Older Alluvium 340.52 101.8 Phyllite & Schist 0.31 - Tertiary Sandstone 64.14 12.68 Vindhyan Sandstone 0.46 - Block Total 405.43 114.48 Bilara Limestone 1.46 - Older Alluvium 532.29 - Phyllite & Schist 2.33 - Vindhyan Sandstone 1.04 - Block Total 537.11 - Bilara Limestone 90.92 11.96 Older Alluvium 114.23 8.49 IIa Tertiary Sandstone 39.76 1.8 Vindhyan Sandstone 27.71 2.6 Block Total 272.63 24.85 Older Alluvium 414.48 101.02 Phyllite & Schist 0.21 - Quartzite 0.44 0.01 Younger Alluvium 5.93 - NAGAUR Block Total 421.06 101.04 Bilara Limestone 19.95 0.31 Older Alluvium 31.85 4.75 Ladnu Phyllite & Schist 1.6 0.43 Vindhyan Sandstone 35.61 - Block Total 89 5.48 Older Alluvium 298.98 27.43 Phyllite & Schist 0.6 0.07 Quartzite 0.02 - Block Total 299.6 27.49 Bilara Limestone 17.48 - Older Alluvium 114.64 11.33 Merta Tertiary Sandstone 119.98 3.57 Vindhyan Sandstone 16.54 - Block Total 268.63 14.9 Bilara Limestone 80.78 - Mundwa Tertiary Sandstone 22.97 - Vindhyan Sandstone 87.46 - Block Total 191.21 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 50

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Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Bilara Limestone 80.15 13.98 Nagaur Older Alluvium 21.68 - Vindhyan Sandstone 79.36 6.68 Block Total 181.19 20.66 Gneisses 0.03 - Older Alluvium 124.73 0.23 Phyllite & Schist 1.27 0.11 NAGAUR Quartzite 0.39 0.03 Block Total 126.43 0.38 Bilara Limestone 0.63 - Gneisses 0.01 - Riyan Older Alluvium 419.28 10.06 Phyllite & Schist 1.06 0.18 Block Total 420.98 10.24 District Total 3,213.26 319.53 Older Alluvium 127.12 0.77 Danta Ramgarh Quartzite 0.36 0.01 Younger Alluvium 6.96 - Block Total 134.43 0.78 Older Alluvium 103.05 0.29 Dhond Quartzite 0.01 0 Block Total 103.06 0.3 Older Alluvium 220.85 1.08 IIa Fatehpur Quartzite 0.02 - Younger Alluvium 0.08 0.34 Block Total 220.95 1.42 Older Alluvium 71.24 7.63 Quartzite 0.61 0.14 Younger Alluvium 0.77 - Block Total 72.62 7.77 SIKAR Older Alluvium 151.32 - Lachhmangarh Phyllite & Schist 0.05 0.02 Younger Alluvium 7.09 - Block Total 158.45 0.02 Older Alluvium 32.27 11.07 Neem Ka Quartzite 2.66 0.05 Thana Younger Alluvium 8.79 - Block Total 43.73 11.12 Older Alluvium 73.74 0.12 Piprali Quartzite 0.26 - Block Total 74 0.12 Older Alluvium 101.27 - Sri Madhopur Quartzite 0 - Younger Alluvium 26.56 - Block Total 127.82 - District Total 935.06 21.52 IIa Total 5,159.37 1,829.14 Jalore Granite 0.12 - Siwana Older Alluvium 494.54 124.26 BARMER IIb Younger Alluvium 44.73 61.56 Block Total 539.4 185.82 District Total 539.4 185.82 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 51

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Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Older Alluvium 72.41 184.08 Ahore Younger Alluvium 33.25 - Block Total 105.66 184.08 Jalore Granite 0.03 - Bhinmal Older Alluvium 498.33 9.03 Younger Alluvium 457 15.5 Block Total 955.36 24.53 Older Alluvium 739.59 23.74 Chitalwana Younger Alluvium 15.48 50.85 Block Total 755.08 74.59 Older Alluvium 107.78 12.87 Jalor Younger Alluvium 44.27 4.78 Block Total 152.05 17.65 JALORE Jalore Granite 4.21 - Older Alluvium 79.49 - Younger Alluvium 26.34 - Block Total 110.05 - Jalore Granite 1.78 - Older Alluvium 78.46 - Rhyolite 2.36 - Younger Alluvium 119.74 - Block Total 202.34 - Sanchore Older Alluvium 587.28 - Block Total 587.28 - Older Alluvium 407.48 23.66 Sayla Younger Alluvium 127.51 3.63 IIb Block Total 534.99 27.28 District Total 3,402.80 328.14 Bilara Limestone 41.17 - Bhopalgarh Jalore Granite 21.29 1.8 Vindhyan Sandstone 153.9 - Block Total 216.37 1.8 Bilara Limestone 83.87 - JODHPUR Jalore Granite 22.51 3.3 Bilara Older Alluvium 100.09 57.79 Phyllite & Schist 0 - Vindhyan Sandstone 11.08 - Block Total 217.55 61.09 District Total 433.92 62.9 Erinpura Granite 3.66 1.39 Gneisses - 0 Bali Older Alluvium 0.74 - Phyllite & Schist 0.61 1 Block Total 5.01 2.38 Erinpura Granite 2.43 1.03 Desuri PALI Phyllite & Schist 0.27 0.22 Block Total 2.7 1.25 Bilara Limestone 2.27 - Erinpura Granite 0.01 - Gneisses 0.71 0.08 Older Alluvium 7.59 0.88 Phyllite & Schist 0.02 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 52

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Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Jaitaran Younger Alluvium 1.02 - Block Total 11.63 0.96 Erinpura Granite 2.3 0.46 Marwar Older Alluvium 2.19 - Junction Phyllite & Schist 2.22 0.73 Block Total 6.71 1.18 Erinpura Granite 0.43 0.68 Older Alluvium - 4.39 Pali Phyllite & Schist 0.82 2.25 Younger Alluvium - 0.46 Block Total 1.25 7.79 Bilara Limestone 0.03 - Erinpura Granite 0.52 - Raipur Gneisses 2.41 1.71 Older Alluvium 0.49 0.07 Phyllite & Schist 0.33 0.17 Block Total 3.78 1.95 Erinpura Granite 1.56 0.1 PALI Rani Older Alluvium - 0.78 Phyllite & Schist 1.38 0.28 Block Total 2.94 1.16 Erinpura Granite - 0.31 Older Alluvium 0.68 1.29 Rohat Phyllite & Schist - 0.46 Younger Alluvium - 1.27 IIb Block Total 0.68 3.33 Bilara Limestone 1.13 0.32 Erinpura Granite 0.81 - Gneisses 0.25 - Older Alluvium 0.06 3.35 Phyllite & Schist 3.39 1.78 Younger Alluvium - 0.02 Block Total 5.63 5.47 Erinpura Granite 0.81 - Older Alluvium 4 4.58 Sumerpur Phyllite & Schist 1.15 0.05 Younger Alluvium 1.49 - Block Total 7.44 4.64 District Total 47.77 30.11 Erinpura Granite 0.84 - Jalore Granite 1.24 - Reodar Phyllite & Schist 2.31 - Younger Alluvium 3.96 - Block Total 8.35 - Erinpura Granite 1.01 - SIROHI Older Alluvium 0.34 - Sheoganj Phyllite & Schist 0.49 - Younger Alluvium 10.87 - Block Total 12.72 - Erinpura Granite 0.86 - Sirohi Jalore Granite 2.42 - Older Alluvium 0.08 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 53

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Phyllite & Schist 2.45 - Sirohi SIROHI Younger Alluvium 3.55 - IIb Block Total 9.36 - District Total 30.44 - IIb Total 4,454.32 606.97 Arain Gneisses(B.G.C.) 4.25 0.56 Block Total 4.25 0.56 Bhinay Gneisses(B.G.C.) 4.39 0.45 Block Total 4.39 0.45 Gneisses 0.43 0.21 Jawaja Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.14 - Phyllite & Schist 1.08 0.11 Block Total 1.65 0.32 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5 0.49 Kekri Older Alluvium 1.39 - Phyllite & Schist 0.31 - Block Total 6.69 0.49 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.93 0.09 Older Alluvium 0.06 0.08 Kishangarh Phyllite & Schist 2.34 0.48 AJMER Quartzite 0 0 Block Total 4.34 0.64 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.18 0.14 Masuda Phyllite & Schist 1.33 - Block Total 3.51 0.14 Gneisses 0.11 0.05 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.67 - Peesangan Older Alluvium 35.13 4.91 IIIa Phyllite & Schist 3.22 0.76 Block Total 39.13 5.72 Gneisses 0.31 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.95 0.07 Srinagar Older Alluvium - - Phyllite & Schist 1.31 0.07 Block Total 3.57 0.14 District Total 67.53 8.45 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.27 - Older Alluvium 3.99 0.65 Quartzite 0.69 - Slate 0.01 - Younger Alluvium 20.07 3.26 Block Total 25.04 3.91 Older Alluvium 74.7 1.85 DAUSA Phyllite & Schist 0.18 - Dausa Quartzite 0.88 - Younger Alluvium 15.41 - Block Total 91.17 1.85 Older Alluvium 1.73 1.42 Quartzite 0.53 - Younger Alluvium 75.22 0.4 Block Total 113.83 1.83

Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 54

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Older Alluvium 1.73 - Sikrai Quartzite 0.53 - DAUSA Younger Alluvium 75.22 - Block Total 77.48 - District Total 307.52 7.59 Older Alluvium 5.25 - Amber Quartzite 1.29 - Younger Alluvium 135.71 - Block Total 142.25 - Older Alluvium 66.87 0 Bassi Quartzite 0.53 - Younger Alluvium 41.69 - Block Total 109.1 0 Older Alluvium 106.84 2.4 Phyllite & Schist 0 0.04 Quartzite 0.16 0.29 Younger Alluvium 31.22 1.08 Block Total 138.23 3.81 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.59 0.03 Older Alluvium 66.89 0 Dudu Phyllite & Schist 1.46 0.01 Quartzite 0.16 - Younger Alluvium 7.98 - Block Total 82.08 0.04 Older Alluvium 9.82 - IIIa Govindgarh Quartzite 0.02 - Younger Alluvium 167.99 - Block Total 177.83 - JAIPUR Older Alluvium 20.83 - Jamwa Phyllite & Schist 0.94 - Ramgarh Quartzite 2.02 - Younger Alluvium 35.87 - Block Total 59.67 - Older Alluvium 18.95 - Jhotwara Quartzite 0.12 - Younger Alluvium 124.39 - Block Total 143.47 - Older Alluvium 1.84 - Quartzite 0.61 - Younger Alluvium 64 - Block Total 66.46 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.54 0.55 Older Alluvium 64.29 24.33 Phyllite & Schist 0.54 0.27 Quartzite 0.03 - Block Total 66.4 25.15 Older Alluvium 85.71 0.15 Phyllite & Schist 0.01 - Sambhar Quartzite 0.08 - Younger Alluvium 54.48 - Block Total 140.28 0.15 Sanganer Older Alluvium 132.15 1.48 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 55

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Quartzite 0.03 0.03 Sanganer Younger Alluvium 7.56 - Block Total 139.73 1.51 Older Alluvium 0.58 - Shahpura Quartzite 0.36 - JAIPUR Younger Alluvium 93.02 - Block Total 93.96 - Older Alluvium 0 - Viratnagar Quartzite 0.67 - Younger Alluvium 126.27 - Block Total 126.94 - District Total 1,486.38 30.67 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.09 - Deoli Older Alluvium 11.29 - Phyllite & Schist 6.29 0 Block Total 17.67 0 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.94 0.89 Older Alluvium 0.7 - Malpura Phyllite & Schist 3.19 0.49 IIIa Block Total 6.83 1.38 Older Alluvium 53.52 1.09 Niwai Phyllite & Schist 2.57 0.04 Quartzite 0.02 0.12 Block Total 56.11 1.25 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.95 0.04 TONK Older Alluvium 5.86 - Phyllite & Schist 3.67 0.24 Block Total 10.48 0.28 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.01 - Tonk Older Alluvium 59.18 2.79 Phyllite & Schist 3.92 0.49 Block Total 63.11 3.28 Bhander Sandstone 0.03 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.61 0.04 Limestone 0.14 - Older Alluvium 67.74 0.07 Phyllite & Schist 1.5 0.05 Shale 0.03 - Block Total 70.05 0.16 District Total 224.25 6.35 IIIa Total 2,085.68 53.05 Limestone 0.07 - Older Alluvium 94.68 - Bansur Quartzite 0.25 - Younger Alluvium 9.63 - Block Total 104.62 - IIIb ALWAR Older Alluvium 31.82 - Quartzite 0.02 - Behror Slate 0.06 - Younger Alluvium 0.29 - Block Total 32.19 0.9 Kathumar Older Alluvium 71.98 22.74 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 56

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Block Total 71.98 22.74 Older Alluvium 48.53 6.64 Phyllite & Schist 0.08 0 Quartzite 0.37 0 Block Total 48.97 6.65 Older Alluvium 76.78 7.92 Kotkasim Quartzite 0.04 - Block Total 76.82 7.92 Older Alluvium 82.29 32.41 Phyllite & Schist 0.04 - Lachhmangarh Quartzite 0.12 - Slate 0.05 - Block Total 82.51 32.41 Older Alluvium 97.81 1.34 Mandawar Quartzite 0.07 - Slate 0.01 - Block Total 97.89 1.34 Older Alluvium 47.35 6.23 Neemrana Slate 0.23 - Block Total 47.58 6.23 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0 - Rajgarh Limestone 0.3 0.22 Older Alluvium 17.4 - Phyllite & Schist - - Rajgarh Quartzite 0.72 0.07 Slate 0.17 0 IIIb ALWAR Block Total 18.58 0.29 Older Alluvium 122.68 2.39 Phyllite & Schist 0.08 - Ramgarh Quartzite 0.16 - Slate 0.07 0.01 Block Total 122.99 2.4 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0 - Older Alluvium 37.39 5.53 Reni Quartzite 0.08 - Slate 0.37 - Younger Alluvium 1.77 2 Block Total 39.62 7.53 Limestone 0.06 0.08 Older Alluvium 17.99 0 Thanagazi Phyllite & Schist 0.01 - Quartzite 2.07 0.17 Slate 0.42 0 Block Total 20.56 0.26 Older Alluvium 119.21 4.42 Tijara Quartzite 0.38 - Block Total 119.59 4.42 Limestone 0.48 0.19 Older Alluvium 75.99 - Umren Quartzite 2.01 0.04 Slate 0.04 - Block Total 78.51 0.23 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 57

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline District Total 962.4 93.32 Bhander Sandstone 3.49 - Older Alluvium 76.74 22.49 Quartzite 0.02 - Block Total 80.24 22.49 Deeg Older Alluvium 55.09 34.43 Block Total 55.09 34.43 Kaman Older Alluvium 88.13 13.98 Block Total 88.13 13.98 Kumher Older Alluvium 23.7 56.07 Block Total 23.7 56.07 Older Alluvium 48.97 25.88 BHARATPUR Block Total 48.97 25.88 Pahari Older Alluvium 73.93 98.43 Block Total 73.93 98.43 Bhander Sandstone 2.37 - Rupbas Older Alluvium 77.28 2.05 Block Total 79.65 2.05 Sewar Older Alluvium 68.59 47.66 Block Total 68.59 47.66 Older Alluvium 55.59 26.62 Weir Quartzite 0.5 - Younger Alluvium 3.47 - Block Total 59.56 26.62 District Total 577.86 327.59 IIIb Older Alluvium 86 - Mahwa DAUSA Younger Alluvium 15.54 - Block Total 101.54 - District Total 101.54 - Bhander Sandstone 5.76 - Bari Older Alluvium 57.77 - Block Total 63.53 - Bhander Sandstone 9.54 - Baseri Older Alluvium 33.6 - Block Total 43.14 - DHAULPUR Bhander Sandstone 1.93 - Dhaulpur Older Alluvium 75.43 - Block Total 77.36 - Bhander Sandstone 0 - Older Alluvium 84.2 - Block Total 84.2 - District Total 268.24 - Bhander Sandstone 1.45 - Hindaun Older Alluvium 7.73 1.43 Quartzite 0.08 - Block Total 9.26 1.43 Bhander Sandstone 14.7 0.06 KARAULI Karauli Older Alluvium 79.4 9.66 Quartzite 0.01 0 Block Total 94.12 9.72 Older Alluvium 51.77 3.43 Nadoti Quartzite 1.36 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 58

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Block Total 53.13 3.43 Bhander Sandstone 12.5 7.02 Limestone 0.08 - Sapotra Older Alluvium 96.46 40.96 Quartzite 0.1 0.04 KARAULI Block Total 109.15 48.01 Older Alluvium 110.45 12.14 Todabhim Quartzite 0.43 - Younger Alluvium 0 - Block Total 110.89 12.14 District Total 376.54 74.73 Limestone 0.17 - IIIb Bamanwas Older Alluvium 81.85 6.12 Quartzite 0.58 - Block Total 82.59 6.12 Limestone 2.62 - Older Alluvium 49.83 - SAWAI MADHOPUR Bonli Phyllite & Schist 2.3 - Quartzite 0.12 - Block Total 54.87 - Older Alluvium 71.06 23.97 Gangapur Quartzite 0.3 0.06 Block Total 71.36 24.03 District Total 208.82 30.14 IIIb Total 2,495.40 525.79 Gneisses 0 - Jawaja Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0 - AJMER Phyllite & Schist 1.04 - Block Total 1.05 - District Total 1.05 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.9 - Phyllite & Schist 0.61 - Block Total 6.52 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.48 - Banera Phyllite & Schist 3.71 - Block Total 5.19 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.77 - Hurda Phyllite & Schist 0.06 - IVa Block Total 5.83 - Older Alluvium 9.97 - Jahazpur Phyllite & Schist 6.37 - BHILWARA Block Total 16.34 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.6 - Kotri Phyllite & Schist 2.72 - Block Total 8.32 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 7.73 - Mandal Phyllite & Schist 2.68 - Block Total 10.41 - Bhander Sandstone 2.89 - Limestone 1.44 - Phyllite & Schist 5.45 - Shale 0.16 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 59

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Block Total 9.94 - Raipur Gneisses(B.G.C.) 4.84 - Block Total 4.84 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 3.23 - Sahara Phyllite & Schist 2.4 - Block Total 5.63 - BHILWARA Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.7 0.35 Shahpura Older Alluvium 2.4 - Phyllite & Schist 6.36 - Block Total 11.46 0.35 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.87 - Suwana Phyllite & Schist 2.25 - Block Total 8.13 - District Total 92.59 0.35 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.32 - Limestone 0.59 - Bari Sadri Phyllite & Schist 0.99 - Shale 0.52 - Block Total 3.42 - Bhander Sandstone 3.54 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.39 - Limestone 3.02 - Phyllite & Schist 0.06 - Shale 13.2 - Block Total 20.21 - IVa Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.47 - Limestone 0.39 - Bhadesar Phyllite & Schist 0.55 - Shale 4.81 - Block Total 7.22 - Bhander Sandstone 2.76 - Bhainsrorgarh Shale 3.75 - Block Total 6.51 - CHITTAURGARH Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.21 - Bhopalsagar Phyllite & Schist 2.11 - Block Total 2.32 - Chittaurgarh Bhander Sandstone 0.93 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.47 - Limestone 4.79 - Chittaurgarh Phyllite & Schist 0 - Shale 12.35 - Block Total 19.54 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.66 - Dungla Phyllite & Schist 1.16 - Block Total 2.82 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.22 - Gangrar Phyllite & Schist 0.91 - Shale 0.1 - Block Total 3.23 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.09 - Kapasan Phyllite & Schist 1.63 - Block Total 2.72 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 60

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Bhander Sandstone 2.31 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.05 - Nimbahera Limestone 11.44 - Shale 10.35 - CHITTAURGARH Block Total 24.15 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.99 - Rashmi Phyllite & Schist 1.52 - Block Total 2.52 - District Total 94.67 - Deccan Traps 0.78 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.22 - Limestone 0.57 - Phyllite & Schist 0.43 - Shale 6.99 - PRATAPGARH Block Total 8.98 - Deccan Traps 5.37 - Pratapgarh Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.54 - Phyllite & Schist 0.14 - Block Total 6.05 - District Total 15.03 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 3.37 0.03 Amet Phyllite & Schist 0.02 0.01 Block Total 3.4 0.04 Gneisses 0 0.12 Bhim Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.68 0 IVa Phyllite & Schist 0.73 0.17 Block Total 2.41 0.29 Gneisses - 0.05 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.02 0.75 Deogarh Phyllite & Schist 0.08 0.24 Block Total 2.1 1.04 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.92 - Khamnor RAJSAMAND Phyllite & Schist 1.22 - Block Total 4.14 - Erinpura Granite 0.01 - Gneisses 0.03 0.21 Kumbhalgarh Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.76 - Phyllite & Schist 1.45 0.14 Block Total 3.24 0.35 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.47 - Railmagra Phyllite & Schist 1.84 - Block Total 2.32 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.38 - Rajsamand Phyllite & Schist 0.85 - Block Total 3.22 - District Total 20.83 1.72 Erinpura Granite 1.53 - Abu Road Gneisses 1.06 - Block Total 2.59 - SIROHI Erinpura Granite 2.1 0.06 Pindwara Gneisses 2.87 0.7 Phyllite & Schist 0.23 0.21 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 61

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline SIROHI Block Total 5.2 0.96 District Total 7.79 0.96 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.12 - Bargaon Phyllite & Schist 1.57 - Block Total 1.69 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 6.4 - Bhindar Limestone 0.43 - Phyllite & Schist 0.01 - Block Total 6.84 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.65 - Girwa Limestone 0.3 - Phyllite & Schist 3.49 - Block Total 6.44 - Erinpura Granite 0.04 0 Gogunda Phyllite & Schist 3.8 0.15 Block Total 3.84 0.15 Phyllite & Schist 3.64 0.22 IVa Quartzite 0.31 0 UDAIPUR Block Total 3.95 0.22 Kherwara Phyllite & Schist 2.88 - Block Total 2.88 - Erinpura Granite 0.78 2.22 Gneisses 0.01 - Kotra Phyllite & Schist 1.97 1.55 Quartzite 0.02 - Block Total 2.79 3.77 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 4.35 - Mavli Phyllite & Schist 1.08 - Block Total 5.43 - Rishabhdeo Phyllite & Schist 1.84 - Block Total 1.84 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.21 - Sarada Phyllite & Schist 3.02 - Block Total 5.23 - District Total 40.91 4.14 IVa Total 272.88 7.17 Deccan Traps 0.1 - Anandpuri Phyllite & Schist 3.97 - Block Total 4.08 - Deccan Traps 0.36 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.08 - Bagidora Limestone 0.47 - Phyllite & Schist 4.09 - Block Total 4.99 - IVb BANSWARA Deccan Traps 1.5 - Banswara Gneisses(B.G.C.) 3.6 - Limestone 1.42 - Banswara Phyllite & Schist 0.13 - Block Total 6.66 - Chhoti Sarwan Deccan Traps 2.57 - Block Total 2.57 - Garhi Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.62 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 62

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Limestone 0.26 - Garhi Phyllite & Schist 5.81 - Block Total 6.69 - Deccan Traps 0.03 - Ghatol Gneisses(B.G.C.) 4.17 - Phyllite & Schist 2.94 - BANSWARA Block Total 7.15 - Deccan Traps 2.94 - Phyllite & Schist 0.37 - Block Total 3.31 - Deccan Traps 0.43 - Sajjangarh Phyllite & Schist 3.34 - Block Total 3.77 - District Total 39.21 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.89 - Aspur Limestone 0 - Phyllite & Schist 3.28 - Block Total 5.17 - Bichhiwara Phyllite & Schist 6.38 - Block Total 6.38 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.04 - Dungarpur DUNGARPUR Phyllite & Schist 5.37 - Block Total 5.41 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.39 - Sagwara Phyllite & Schist 4.13 - Block Total 4.52 - IVb Phyllite & Schist 7.51 - Ultra Basics 7.51 - Block Total 7.88 - District Total 29.37 - Arnod Deccan Traps 3.45 - Block Total 3.45 - Deccan Traps - - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.06 - Dhariawad Limestone 0.72 - Phyllite & Schist 0.02 - PRATAPGARH Block Total 5.81 - Deccan Traps 1.11 - Peepalkhoont Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.85 - Block Total 1.96 - Pratapgarh Deccan Traps 0 - Block Total 0 - District Total 11.22 - Bhindar Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0 - Block Total 0 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.57 - Lasadiya Phyllite & Schist 0.13 - UDAIPUR Block Total 2.7 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 3.37 - Limestone 0.03 - Phyllite & Schist 1.77 - Block Total 5.16 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 63

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline IVb District Total 7.87 - IVb Total 87.67 - Bhander Sandstone 3.18 - Limestone 17.18 - Older Alluvium 13.45 - Block Total 33.82 - Bhander Sandstone 10.57 - Atru Limestone 1.82 - Older Alluvium 0.51 - Block Total 12.89 - Bhander Sandstone 1.95 - Baran Limestone 2.91 - Older Alluvium 67.02 - Block Total 71.88 - BARAN Bhander Sandstone 3.91 - Deccan Traps 3.41 - Block Total 7.31 - Bhander Sandstone 5.33 - Deccan Traps 2.87 - Block Total 8.2 - Bhander Sandstone 23 - Kishanganj Older Alluvium 0.32 - Block Total 23.33 - Bhander Sandstone 11.73 - Shahbad Shale 1.12 - Block Total 12.85 - District Total 170.28 - V Bhander Sandstone 2.47 - Bundi Limestone 7.07 - Older Alluvium 17.73 - Block Total 27.27 - Bhander Sandstone 2.05 - Hindoli Limestone 0.69 - Phyllite & Schist 3.78 - Block Total 6.53 - Bhander Sandstone 0.9 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0 - Limestone 2.72 - Keshorai Patan Older Alluvium 133.99 - BUNDI Phyllite & Schist 0.08 - Shale 0.86 - Block Total 138.55 - Bhander Sandstone 1.39 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.01 0 Limestone 1.64 - Older Alluvium 0.93 - Phyllite & Schist 4.41 0 Block Total 8.39 0 Bhander Sandstone 3.47 - Limestone 1.12 - Talera Older Alluvium 35.38 - Shale 0 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 64

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline BUNDI Block Total 39.98 - District Total 220.71 - Deccan Traps 5.15 - Block Total 5.15 - Dag Deccan Traps 6.39 - Block Total 6.39 - Bhander Sandstone 2.9 - Deccan Traps 4.91 - Limestone 6.26 - Block Total 14.07 - Bhander Sandstone 11.46 - JHALAWAR Khanpur Limestone 1.02 - Shale 0.06 - Block Total 12.53 - Bhander Sandstone 1.46 - Deccan Traps 4.4 - Limestone 0 - Block Total 5.86 - Deccan Traps 5.18 - Block Total 5.18 - District Total 49.18 - Bhander Sandstone 0.03 - Limestone 2.55 - Itawa Older Alluvium 152.52 - Shale 0.01 - V Block Total 155.11 - Bhander Sandstone 2.86 - Deccan Traps 0.07 - Khairabad Limestone 11.9 - Shale 0.11 - Block Total 14.95 - Bhander Sandstone 22.72 - KOTA Limestone 2.59 - Older Alluvium 4.91 - Shale 0.02 - Block Total 30.24 - Bhander Sandstone 12.08 - Limestone 4.12 - Shale 0.28 - Block Total 16.48 - Bhander Sandstone 0.7 - Sultanpura Limestone 6 - Older Alluvium 113.81 - Block Total 120.51 - District Total 337.28 - Bhander Sandstone 0.21 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.03 - SAWAI Limestone 3.02 - MADHOPUR Khandar Older Alluvium 51.35 4.59 Phyllite & Schist 0.29 - Quartzite 1.13 - Shale 1.82 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 65

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Static Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Resources, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Block Total 57.86 4.59 Limestone 0.77 - SAWAI Sawai Older Alluvium 97.69 - V MADHOPUR Madhopur Phyllite & Schist 3.42 - Quartzite 0.58 - Block Total 102.46 - District Total 160.32 4.59 V Total 937.76 4.59 State Summary 32,914.17 29,725.51 Note: Zero resources means negligible value.

8.8 Dynamic Groundwater Resources Figures 8.16 and 8.17 present the dynamic groundwater availability for fresh and saline (EC > 2,250 µS/cm) aquifers, respectively as per Consultant’s assessment for year 2010. The detailed village-wise assessment procedure and calculations are given in Annex 6(a) and 6(b), respectively. Block-wise details of dynamic ground water availability for fresh and saline aquifers in various ACZs is given in Table 8.5. Dynamic Groundwater availability depends on both natural resources such as the amount of rain and recharge from surface water resources such as irrigation projects like the IGNP in western Rajasthan and return flow from irrigated fields. As per Figure 8.16 the fresh dynamic groundwater availability in the entire state ranges from less than 20 Mm 3 to more than 120 Mm 3/yr/block. The dynamic availability of saline groundwater ranges from less then 20 Mm 3 to more than 180 Mm 3/yr/block in the entire state. The dynamic availability of fresh groundwater in Figure 8.16 does not exhibit any definite pattern and show wide variations from area to area. Lower reserves up to 40 Mm 3 are seen in Churu, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Pali, Udaipur, Rajsamand, Barmer, Jaisalmer and Chittaurgarh district areas, whereas higher reserves 100 to 120 are available in Kota and areas. Both saline and fresh reserves are available in most of the blocks in Western part of the state as such there is possibility of saline water intrusion in to fresh water zone as a result of over exploitation which might effect the location and position of the fresh - saline interface. The maximum fresh dynamic groundwater availability of 4071.81 Mm 3/yr has been assessed in Older Alluvium aquifer; followed by Phyllite & Schist (1379.34 Mm 3/yr), Younger Alluvium (1242.22 Mm 3/yr), Gneisses (B.G.C.) (789.21 Mm 3/yr), Bhander Sandstone (767.02 Mm 3/yr), Deccan Traps (527.20 Mm 3/yr), Vindhyan Sandstone (411.10 Mm 3/yr), Limestone (311.83 Mm 3/yr), Bilara Limestone (196.68 Mm 3/yr), Tertiary Sandstone (189.74 Mm 3/yr), Erinpura Granite (173.89 Mm 3/yr), Quartzite (164.79 Mm 3/yr), Shale (141.49 Mm 3/yr), Jalore Granite (101.97 Mm 3/yr), Gneisses (61.81 Mm 3/yr), Jurassic Sandstone (53.96 Mm 3/yr), Rhyolite (20.49 Mm 3/yr), Slate (6.35 Mm 3/yr) and Ultra Basics (2.94 Mm 3/yr). The maximum saline dynamic groundwater availability of 1802.03 Mm 3/yr has been assessed in Younger Alluvium aquifer; followed by Older Alluvium (1358.19 Mm 3/yr), Tertiary Sandstone (129.71 Mm 3/yr), Phyllite & Schist (94.08 Mm 3/yr), Vindhyan Sandstone (57.28 Mm 3/yr), Jurassic Sandstone (33.15 Mm 3/yr), Erinpura Granite (32.43 Mm 3/yr), Bhander Sandstone (25.52 Mm 3/yr), Gneisses (B.G.C.) (22.02 Mm 3/yr), Rhyolite (19.19 Mm 3/yr), Gneisses (17.42 Mm 3/yr), Jalore Granite (12.30 Mm 3/yr), Bilara Limestone (9.56 Mm 3/yr), Quartzite (6.86 Mm 3/yr), Limestone (2.22 Mm 3/yr) and Slate (0.01 Mm 3/yr); while Deccan Traps, Shale and Ultra Basics aquifers does not contain any saline area. Further Agro Climatic Zone wise details are presented in Volume 2 of this report.

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Table 8.5 Block wise details of dynamic ground water availability in Agro Climatic Zones of Rajasthan Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Jalore Granite 0.00 0.00 Older Alluvium 12.91 53.72 Rhyolite 0.64 0.17 Balotra Tertiary Sandstone - 0.05 Vindhyan Sandstone - 0.00 Younger Alluvium 3.81 10.70 Block Total 17.36 64.65 Jalore Granite - 1.43 Jurassic Sandstone 0.00 0.18 Barmer Older Alluvium 19.55 15.66 Rhyolite 9.19 10.33 Tertiary Sandstone 1.92 0.04 Block Total 30.66 27.63 Jurassic Sandstone 0.34 0.24 Older Alluvium - 4.54 Baytoo Rhyolite 0.06 2.66 Tertiary Sandstone 7.29 13.76 BARMER Block Total 7.70 21.20 Chohtan Older Alluvium 47.25 28.05 Block Total 47.25 28.05 Older Alluvium 25.65 3.70 Dhorimanna Younger Alluvium 22.91 9.31 Block Total 48.56 13.01 Jalore Granite 1.23 7.32 Jurassic Sandstone 7.60 3.69 Ia Sheo Rhyolite - 1.22 Tertiary Sandstone 6.97 8.32 Younger Alluvium 0.23 0.32 Block Total 16.03 20.87 Jalore Granite 0.00 0.01 Older Alluvium 16.18 26.28 Sindhari Rhyolite 0.83 3.53 Tertiary Sandstone 0.04 6.90 Younger Alluvium 8.66 20.42 Block Total 25.72 57.14 District Total 193.29 232.55 Older Alluvium 1.14 7.20 Balesar Rhyolite 0.02 - Vindhyan Sandstone 21.12 1.34 Block Total 22.28 8.54 Bilara Limestone 26.60 1.86 Older Alluvium - 2.39 Bap Vindhyan Sandstone 18.98 8.53 JODHPUR Younger Alluvium 3.07 2.23 Block Total 48.65 15.01 Bilara Limestone 0.00 - Bawari Jalore Granite 2.60 - Vindhyan Sandstone 19.79 - Block Total 22.39 - Jalore Granite 0.42 0.08 Luni Older Alluvium 15.91 33.99 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 67

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Phyllite & Schist - 0.00 Rhyolite 2.11 0.05 Luni Vindhyan Sandstone 0.04 0.54 Younger Alluvium - 0.72 Block Total 18.47 35.38 Jalore Granite 8.34 0.81 Older Alluvium 1.69 0.15 Mandor Rhyolite 1.02 - Vindhyan Sandstone 19.52 0.74 Block Total 30.57 1.70 JODHPUR Ia Bilara Limestone 2.63 - Osian Older Alluvium 0.07 - Vindhyan Sandstone 49.98 - Block Total 52.68 - Bilara Limestone 22.33 0.07 Phalodi Vindhyan Sandstone 23.87 - Block Total 46.21 0.07 Older Alluvium 13.47 7.72 Shergarh Vindhyan Sandstone 17.11 0.28 Block Total 30.58 7.99 District Total 271.81 68.69 Ia Total 465.10 301.24 Older Alluvium - 4.41 Anupgarh Younger Alluvium 82.18 144.26 Block Total 82.18 148.67 Ganganagar Younger Alluvium 59.28 74.61 Block Total 59.28 74.61 Older Alluvium 0.09 19.40 Gharsana Younger Alluvium 29.18 123.44 Block Total 29.28 142.84 Karanpur Younger Alluvium 40.22 81.48 GANGANAGAR Block Total 40.22 81.48 Padampur Younger Alluvium 22.65 84.04 Block Total 22.65 84.04 Raisinghnagar Younger Alluvium 18.46 147.83 Block Total 18.46 147.83 Sadulshahar Younger Alluvium 20.75 99.72 Block Total 20.75 99.72 Ib Older Alluvium - 4.37 Suratgarh Younger Alluvium 17.42 152.93 Block Total 17.42 157.31 District Total 290.23 936.50 Older Alluvium 0.00 0.00 Bhadra Younger Alluvium 21.78 89.77 Block Total 21.78 89.77 Hanumangarh Younger Alluvium 53.90 122.53 Block Total 53.90 122.53 Older Alluvium - 9.31 HANUMANGARH Nohar Vindhyan Sandstone - 0.41 Younger Alluvium 6.58 125.65 Block Total 6.58 135.37 Pilibanga Younger Alluvium 52.52 89.03 Block Total 52.52 89.03 Rawatsar Older Alluvium - 3.30 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 68

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Rawatsar Younger Alluvium - 115.42 Block Total - 118.72 Sangaria Younger Alluvium 16.85 56.48 HANUMANGARH Ib Block Total 16.85 56.48 Tibi Younger Alluvium 46.27 65.35 Block Total 46.27 65.35 District Total 197.89 677.25 Ib Total 488.12 1,613.75 Older Alluvium - 2.17 Bikaner Tertiary Sandstone 55.69 1.01 Vindhyan Sandstone 2.17 2.05 Block Total 57.86 5.23 Bilara Limestone 0.05 - Older Alluvium 23.50 - Dungargarh Tertiary Sandstone 19.70 4.17 Vindhyan Sandstone 6.49 0.06 Younger Alluvium 2.10 - Block Total 51.84 4.23 Older Alluvium - 291.29 Khajuwala Tertiary Sandstone - 0.00 Younger Alluvium - 0.00 Block Total - 291.29 BIKANER Older Alluvium 6.25 146.16 Tertiary Sandstone 17.17 30.35 Kolayat Vindhyan Sandstone 16.68 4.75 Younger Alluvium 0.10 2.48 Block Total 40.21 183.75 Older Alluvium 7.25 55.05 Tertiary Sandstone 20.52 6.74 Lunkaransar Vindhyan Sandstone 5.72 10.73 Younger Alluvium 0.72 6.14 Ic Block Total 34.21 78.66 Bilara Limestone 1.17 1.50 Older Alluvium 3.79 - Nokha Tertiary Sandstone 19.95 - Vindhyan Sandstone 47.39 0.00 Block Total 72.30 1.50 District Total 256.43 564.67 Bilara Limestone 0.80 - Older Alluvium 16.24 16.96 Ratangarh Phyllite & Schist - 0.32 Vindhyan Sandstone 13.27 - Block Total 30.31 17.28 Older Alluvium 11.73 12.62 Tertiary Sandstone 1.31 - Sardarshahar Vindhyan Sandstone 5.82 18.41 CHURU Younger Alluvium 43.21 17.85 Block Total 62.07 48.88 Bilara Limestone 16.36 0.78 Older Alluvium 1.73 2.00 Phyllite & Schist 0.10 20.86 Sujangarh Tertiary Sandstone 0.27 - Vindhyan Sandstone 16.66 2.97 Younger Alluvium 0.28 10.98 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 69

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline CHURU Block Total 35.40 37.58 District Total 127.78 103.74 Bilara Limestone 0.00 - Jurassic Sandstone 16.04 23.04 Older Alluvium 1.19 0.84 Jaisalmer Tertiary Sandstone 1.10 39.95 Vindhyan Sandstone 0.66 1.78 Younger Alluvium 3.95 69.87 Block Total 22.95 135.48 Jalore Granite 0.98 0.21 Jurassic Sandstone 20.95 3.68 Sam Ic Tertiary Sandstone 0.71 15.33 JAISALMER Younger Alluvium 6.78 36.39 Block Total 29.42 55.61 Bilara Limestone 0.03 0.00 Jalore Granite 1.27 1.07 Jurassic Sandstone 9.02 2.32 Sankra Older Alluvium - 2.66 Rhyolite 5.81 1.23 Tertiary Sandstone - 1.22 Vindhyan Sandstone 3.83 1.80 Block Total 19.96 10.29 District Total 72.33 201.38 Ic Total 456.54 869.79 Churu Older Alluvium 10.21 24.46 Block Total 10.21 24.46 Older Alluvium 6.93 30.88 Rajgarh Younger Alluvium 0.07 6.50 CHURU Block Total 7.01 37.38 Older Alluvium - 99.36 Taranagar Vindhyan Sandstone - 0.52 Younger Alluvium - 5.65 Block Total - 105.52 District Total 17.21 167.37 Alsisar Older Alluvium 23.90 4.23 Block Total 23.90 4.23 Older Alluvium 28.30 - Buhana Quartzite 0.02 - Block Total 28.31 - IIa Older Alluvium 15.28 - Chirawa Younger Alluvium 5.70 - Block Total 20.98 - Older Alluvium 28.50 - Jhunjhunun Younger Alluvium 1.93 - JHUNJHUNUN Block Total 30.43 - Older Alluvium 11.79 - Khetri Quartzite 13.05 - Younger Alluvium 5.70 - Block Total 30.54 - Older Alluvium 36.36 - Nawalgarh Quartzite 2.44 - Block Total 38.79 - Older Alluvium 32.15 - Surajgarh Younger Alluvium 0.10 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 70

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Block Total 32.24 - Older Alluvium 22.46 0.49 JHUNJHUNUN Udaipurwati Quartzite 4.30 1.03 Younger Alluvium 13.85 - Block Total 40.62 1.52

District Total 5.75 245.82 Older Alluvium 23.24 5.60 Phyllite & Schist 2.04 - Degana Tertiary Sandstone 9.50 1.51 Vindhyan Sandstone 0.09 - Block Total 34.87 7.11 Bilara Limestone 0.15 - Older Alluvium 46.72 - Didwana Phyllite & Schist 5.96 - Vindhyan Sandstone 0.17 - Block Total 52.99 - Bilara Limestone 22.47 2.12 Older Alluvium 12.41 0.73 Jayal Tertiary Sandstone 5.79 0.12 Vindhyan Sandstone 12.09 0.67 Block Total 52.76 3.64 Older Alluvium 67.61 8.53 Phyllite & Schist 0.83 - Kuchaman City Quartzite 0.25 0.01 Younger Alluvium 1.46 - Block Total 70.16 8.54 IIa Bilara Limestone 5.94 0.03 Older Alluvium 3.46 0.38 Ladnu Phyllite & Schist 7.19 1.86 NAGAUR Vindhyan Sandstone 13.78 - Block Total 30.38 2.28 Older Alluvium 38.74 2.98 Makrana Phyllite & Schist 2.31 0.12 Quartzite 0.00 - Block Total 41.06 3.10 Bilara Limestone 5.54 - Older Alluvium 11.48 1.51 Merta Tertiary Sandstone 16.74 0.24 Vindhyan Sandstone 12.44 - Block Total 46.21 1.75 Bilara Limestone 26.20 - Mundwa Tertiary Sandstone 5.05 - Vindhyan Sandstone 31.86 - Block Total 63.11 - Bilara Limestone 19.84 2.37 Nagaur Older Alluvium 0.95 - Vindhyan Sandstone 20.25 1.70 Block Total 41.04 4.07 Gneisses 0.03 - Older Alluvium 16.21 0.00 Parbatsar Phyllite & Schist 11.43 0.31 Quartzite 0.34 0.00 Block Total 28.00 0.32 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 71

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Bilara Limestone 0.12 - Gneisses 0.04 - Riyan NAGAUR Older Alluvium 46.26 0.63 Phyllite & Schist 4.79 0.61 Block Total 51.20 1.24 District Total 511.79 32.06 Older Alluvium 43.83 0.05 Danta Ramgarh Quartzite 3.28 0.01 Younger Alluvium 1.08 - Block Total 48.18 0.05 Older Alluvium 37.53 0.01 Dhond Quartzite 0.04 0.01 Block Total 37.57 0.02 Older Alluvium 50.88 0.06 Fatehpur Quartzite 0.07 - Younger Alluvium 0.00 0.00 Block Total 50.95 0.06 Older Alluvium 23.20 1.45 IIa Khandela Quartzite 7.41 1.22 Younger Alluvium 0.05 - Block Total 30.66 2.67 SIKAR Older Alluvium 42.61 - Lachhmangarh Phyllite & Schist 0.10 0.04 Younger Alluvium 1.00 - Block Total 43.70 0.04 Older Alluvium 7.49 2.46 Neem Ka Thana Quartzite 22.52 0.33 Younger Alluvium 2.52 - Block Total 32.53 2.80 Older Alluvium 28.51 0.00 Piprali Quartzite 1.93 - Block Total 30.44 0.00 Older Alluvium 26.11 - Sri Madhopur Quartzite 0.00 - Younger Alluvium 7.87 - Block Total 33.98 - District Total 308.00 5.65 IIa Total 1,082.83 210.82 Jalore Granite 0.50 - Siwana Older Alluvium 42.01 15.87 BARMER Younger Alluvium 3.91 9.16 Block Total 46.42 25.04 District Total 46.42 25.04 Older Alluvium 18.29 36.56 Ahore Younger Alluvium 8.91 - Block Total 27.20 36.56 IIb Jalore Granite 0.10 - Bhinmal Older Alluvium 40.97 0.19 JALORE Younger Alluvium 28.05 0.58 Block Total 69.12 0.76 Older Alluvium 68.92 1.73 Chitalwana Younger Alluvium 0.78 1.73 Block Total 69.70 3.46 Jalor Older Alluvium 28.15 4.65 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 72

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Jalor Younger Alluvium 15.17 1.21 Block Total 43.32 5.86 Jalore Granite 22.96 - Jaswantpura Older Alluvium 25.24 - Younger Alluvium 5.73 - Block Total 53.93 - Jalore Granite 5.77 - Older Alluvium 18.97 - JALORE Raniwara Rhyolite 0.79 - Younger Alluvium 32.77 - Block Total 58.31 - Sanchore Older Alluvium 62.69 - Block Total 62.69 - Older Alluvium 31.32 3.32 Sayla Younger Alluvium 22.06 0.19 Block Total 53.38 3.51 District Total 437.65 50.16 Bilara Limestone 11.13 - Bhopalgarh Jalore Granite 13.07 0.44 Vindhyan Sandstone 29.96 - Block Total 54.16 0.44 Bilara Limestone 23.18 - JODHPUR Jalore Granite 12.42 0.92 Bilara Older Alluvium 4.27 3.22 Phyllite & Schist 0.00 - Vindhyan Sandstone 1.35 - Block Total 41.22 4.14 IIb District Total 95.37 4.58 Erinpura Granite 32.82 6.16 Gneisses - 0.00 Bali Older Alluvium 3.40 - Phyllite & Schist 2.40 4.00 Block Total 38.63 10.15 Erinpura Granite 21.79 7.34 Desuri Phyllite & Schist 0.86 0.64 Block Total 22.65 7.98 Bilara Limestone 5.94 - Erinpura Granite 0.02 - Gneisses 3.13 0.29 Jaitaran Older Alluvium 42.00 3.15 Phyllite & Schist 0.03 - PALI Younger Alluvium 2.80 - Block Total 53.91 3.45 Erinpura Granite 18.11 2.20 Older Alluvium 7.51 - Phyllite & Schist 12.40 3.33 Block Total 38.01 5.53 Erinpura Granite 2.75 3.78 Older Alluvium - 13.43 Pali Phyllite & Schist 5.73 17.24 Younger Alluvium - 0.99 Block Total 8.48 35.44 Bilara Limestone 0.02 - Raipur Erinpura Granite 3.84 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 73

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Gneisses 13.02 9.03 Raipur Older Alluvium 1.76 0.08 Phyllite & Schist 1.57 0.83 Block Total 20.22 9.95 Erinpura Granite 16.93 0.88 Rani Older Alluvium - 3.00 Phyllite & Schist 11.15 0.92 Block Total 28.08 4.80 Erinpura Granite - 7.40 Older Alluvium 5.96 11.48 Rohat Phyllite & Schist - 3.25 Younger Alluvium - 12.41 PALI Block Total 5.96 34.54 Bilara Limestone 6.18 0.81 Erinpura Granite 7.79 - Sojat Gneisses 1.21 - Older Alluvium 0.06 9.10 Phyllite & Schist 15.73 8.38 Younger Alluvium - 0.00 Block Total 30.97 18.29 Erinpura Granite 6.46 - IIb Older Alluvium 17.94 16.71 Sumerpur Phyllite & Schist 7.67 0.16 Younger Alluvium 0.44 - Block Total 32.51 16.87 District Total 279.43 146.99 Erinpura Granite 10.22 - Jalore Granite 8.69 - Reodar Phyllite & Schist 21.23 - Younger Alluvium 24.17 - Block Total 64.31 - Erinpura Granite 10.26 - Older Alluvium 0.81 - Sheoganj Phyllite & Schist 4.55 - SIROHI Younger Alluvium 40.64 - Block Total 56.27 - Erinpura Granite 5.97 - Jalore Granite 23.63 - Sirohi Older Alluvium 0.32 - Phyllite & Schist 22.37 - Younger Alluvium 9.75 - Block Total 62.04 - District Total 182.62 - IIb Total 1,041.51 226.76 Arain Gneisses(B.G.C.) 37.03 3.17 Block Total 37.03 3.17 Bhinay Gneisses(B.G.C.) 38.75 1.87 Block Total 38.75 1.87 Gneisses 5.76 3.22 IIIa AJMER Jawaja Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.10 - Phyllite & Schist 9.19 0.58 Block Total 16.05 3.80 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 33.07 1.41 Kekri Older Alluvium 21.60 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 74

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Kekri Phyllite & Schist 3.28 - Block Total 57.96 1.41 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 17.01 0.24 Older Alluvium 0.70 0.48 Kishangarh Phyllite & Schist 13.92 1.25 Quartzite 0.00 0.00 Block Total 31.63 1.96 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 22.62 0.81 Masuda Phyllite & Schist 8.22 - Block Total 30.84 0.81 AJMER Gneisses 0.49 0.26 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 8.53 - Peesangan Older Alluvium 19.42 2.01 Phyllite & Schist 23.24 3.89 Block Total 51.67 6.17 Gneisses 2.06 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 25.63 0.32 Srinagar Older Alluvium - - Phyllite & Schist 5.11 0.21 Block Total 32.80 0.52 District Total 296.73 19.72 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 3.11 - Older Alluvium 15.56 2.79 Bandikui Quartzite 3.78 - Slate 0.02 - Younger Alluvium 15.11 2.85 Block Total 37.58 5.65 IIIa Older Alluvium 46.98 2.62 Phyllite & Schist 1.74 - Dausa Quartzite 7.18 - DAUSA Younger Alluvium 10.01 - Block Total 65.91 2.62 Older Alluvium 46.86 1.03 Lalsot Quartzite 0.86 - Younger Alluvium 13.24 0.20 Block Total 60.96 1.22 Older Alluvium 0.43 - Sikrai Quartzite 3.84 - Younger Alluvium 38.17 - Block Total 42.44 - District Total 206.89 9.49 Older Alluvium 2.22 - Amber Quartzite 1.12 - Younger Alluvium 70.70 - Block Total 74.04 - Older Alluvium 22.27 - Bassi Quartzite 2.34 - JAIPUR Younger Alluvium 17.22 - Block Total 41.83 - Older Alluvium 42.04 0.83 Phyllite & Schist 0.00 0.36 Chaksu Quartzite 0.52 2.54 Younger Alluvium 8.86 0.46 Block Total 51.42 4.19 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 75

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Gneisses(B.G.C.) 45.36 0.07 Older Alluvium 23.91 0.00 Dudu Phyllite & Schist 9.20 0.02 Quartzite 0.24 - Younger Alluvium 2.18 - Block Total 80.89 0.09 Older Alluvium 3.16 - Govindgarh Quartzite 0.04 - Younger Alluvium 41.60 - Block Total 44.80 - Older Alluvium 9.98 - Phyllite & Schist 11.92 - Quartzite 8.45 - Younger Alluvium 26.71 - Block Total 57.06 - Older Alluvium 10.78 - Jhotwara Quartzite 0.28 - Younger Alluvium 38.78 - Block Total 49.84 - Older Alluvium 0.33 - Kotputli Quartzite 4.33 - Younger Alluvium 41.65 - JAIPUR Block Total 46.31 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 6.76 2.97 Older Alluvium 25.81 9.35 Phagi Phyllite & Schist 2.62 1.30 Quartzite 0.06 - IIIa Block Total 35.25 13.63 Older Alluvium 37.33 0.03 Phyllite & Schist 0.00 - Sambhar Quartzite 0.15 - Younger Alluvium 15.87 - Block Total 53.35 0.03 Older Alluvium 43.96 0.44 Sanganer Quartzite 0.03 0.32 Younger Alluvium 2.36 - Block Total 46.35 0.76 Older Alluvium 0.12 - Shahpura Quartzite 1.06 - Younger Alluvium 27.61 - Block Total 28.79 - Older Alluvium 0.00 - Viratnagar Quartzite 5.08 - Younger Alluvium 42.74 - Block Total 47.82 - District Total 657.75 18.70 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.81 - Deoli Older Alluvium 8.43 - Phyllite & Schist 69.65 0.00 Block Total 78.89 0.00 TONK Gneisses(B.G.C.) 32.67 7.46 Malpura Older Alluvium 0.61 - Phyllite & Schist 29.13 2.84 Block Total 62.41 10.30 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 76

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Older Alluvium 49.18 1.66 Niwai Phyllite & Schist 31.42 0.34 Quartzite 0.01 0.15 Block Total 80.62 2.16 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 7.08 0.08 Todaraisingh Older Alluvium 2.13 - Phyllite & Schist 34.39 0.82 Block Total 43.60 0.90 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.09 - TONK Tonk Older Alluvium 56.06 10.19 IIIa Phyllite & Schist 38.35 7.62 Block Total 94.51 17.81 Bhander Sandstone 0.13 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.24 0.17 Limestone 0.38 - Uniara Older Alluvium 47.05 0.06 Phyllite & Schist 17.23 1.13 Shale 0.20 - Block Total 70.23 1.36 District Total 430.25 32.53 IIIa Total 1,591.61 80.45 Limestone 0.31 - Older Alluvium 70.13 - Bansur Quartzite 0.85 - Younger Alluvium 2.22 - Block Total 73.51 - Older Alluvium 36.81 0.99 Quartzite 0.32 - Behror Slate 0.37 - Younger Alluvium 0.02 - Block Total 37.52 0.99 Kathumar Older Alluvium 39.74 8.55 Block Total 39.74 8.55 Older Alluvium 32.32 4.45 Kishangarh Bas Phyllite & Schist 0.41 0.00 Quartzite 1.96 0.01 Block Total 34.69 4.46 IIIb ALWAR Older Alluvium 46.96 4.02 Kotkasim Quartzite 0.33 - Block Total 47.29 4.02 Older Alluvium 36.07 12.79 Phyllite & Schist 0.13 - Lachhmangarh Quartzite 0.44 - Slate 0.12 - Block Total 36.75 12.79 Older Alluvium 66.61 0.46 Mandawar Quartzite 0.47 - Slate 0.00 - Block Total 67.08 0.46 Older Alluvium 35.47 3.79 Neemrana Slate 1.21 - Block Total 36.67 3.79 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.00 - Rajgarh Limestone 2.18 1.53 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 77

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Older Alluvium 18.02 - Phyllite & Schist - - Rajgarh Quartzite 6.71 0.35 Slate 1.14 - Block Total 28.05 1.88 Older Alluvium 62.37 0.76 Phyllite & Schist 0.45 - Ramgarh Quartzite 0.78 - Slate 0.31 0.01 Block Total 63.91 0.78 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.00 - Older Alluvium 17.90 2.22 Reni Quartzite 0.21 - Slate 1.21 - Younger Alluvium 0.12 0.13 ALWAR Block Total 19.45 2.36 Limestone 0.07 0.07 Older Alluvium 16.78 0.03 Thanagazi Phyllite & Schist 0.02 - Quartzite 16.24 0.56 Slate 1.92 0.00 Block Total 35.03 0.66 Older Alluvium 76.43 2.45 Tijara Quartzite 3.06 - Block Total 79.49 2.45 Limestone 1.31 0.62 Older Alluvium 56.42 - IIIb Umren Quartzite 10.56 0.07 Slate 0.05 - Block Total 68.34 0.69 District Total 667.54 43.87 Bhander Sandstone 10.59 - Bayana Older Alluvium 63.25 15.56 Quartzite 0.06 - Block Total 73.89 15.56 Deeg Older Alluvium 41.69 19.40 Block Total 41.69 19.40 Kaman Older Alluvium 55.04 8.11 Block Total 55.04 8.11 Kumher Older Alluvium 15.40 38.70 Block Total 15.40 38.70 Nadbai Older Alluvium 40.07 16.02 BHARATPUR Block Total 40.07 16.02 Pahari Older Alluvium 41.74 39.01 Block Total 41.74 39.01 Bhander Sandstone 7.74 - Rupbas Older Alluvium 58.10 0.75 Block Total 65.85 0.75 Sewar Older Alluvium 35.96 16.07 Block Total 35.96 16.07 Older Alluvium 43.95 15.88 Weir Quartzite 2.16 - Younger Alluvium 1.34 - Block Total 47.45 15.88 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 78

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline District Total 417.10 169.50 Older Alluvium 37.15 - Mahwa DAUSA Younger Alluvium 5.33 - Block Total 42.48 - District Total 42.48 - Bhander Sandstone 20.84 - Bari Older Alluvium 36.29 - Block Total 57.13 - Bhander Sandstone 42.64 - Baseri Older Alluvium 29.41 - Block Total 72.05 - DHAULPUR Bhander Sandstone 7.10 - Dhaulpur Older Alluvium 59.05 - Block Total 66.15 - Bhander Sandstone 0.00 - Rajakhera Older Alluvium 59.59 - Block Total 59.59 - District Total 254.92 - Bhander Sandstone 3.95 - Hindaun Older Alluvium 55.73 1.76 Quartzite 0.17 - Block Total 59.85 1.76 Bhander Sandstone 44.80 0.10 Karauli Older Alluvium 40.62 3.85 Quartzite 0.03 - Block Total 85.46 3.95 IIIb Older Alluvium 33.34 0.80 Nadoti Quartzite 4.03 - KARAULI Block Total 37.37 0.80 Bhander Sandstone 40.67 25.42 Limestone 0.03 - Sapotra Older Alluvium 54.44 20.35 Quartzite 0.12 0.04 Block Total 95.27 45.81 Older Alluvium 49.93 3.58 Todabhim Quartzite 2.06 - Younger Alluvium 0.00 - Block Total 51.99 3.58 District Total 329.94 55.90 Limestone 0.19 - Bamanwas Older Alluvium 67.18 4.12 Quartzite 4.79 - Block Total 72.16 4.12 Limestone 5.64 - Older Alluvium 36.82 - SAWAI MADHOPUR Bonli Phyllite & Schist 20.36 - Quartzite 0.48 - Block Total 63.31 - Older Alluvium 58.01 19.24 Gangapur Quartzite 2.15 0.19 Block Total 60.16 19.43 District Total 195.63 23.55 IIIb Total 1,907.60 292.81 IVa AJMER Jawaja Gneisses 0.00 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 79

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.01 - Jawaja AJMER Phyllite & Schist 5.78 - Block Total 5.79 - District Total 5.79 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 30.74 - Asind Phyllite & Schist 2.56 - Block Total 33.30 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 4.69 - Banera Phyllite & Schist 26.45 - Block Total 31.14 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 21.14 - Hurda Phyllite & Schist 0.25 - Block Total 21.39 - Older Alluvium 8.39 - Jahazpur Phyllite & Schist 38.35 - Block Total 46.74 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 23.16 - Kotri Phyllite & Schist 19.19 - Block Total 42.35 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 22.52 - Mandal Phyllite & Schist 20.21 - BHILWARA Block Total 42.73 - Bhander Sandstone 19.39 - Limestone 2.18 - Mandalgarh Phyllite & Schist 47.83 - Shale 0.10 - Block Total 69.51 - IVa Raipur Gneisses(B.G.C.) 19.68 - Block Total 19.68 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 8.97 - Sahara Phyllite & Schist 11.05 - Block Total 20.01 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 9.56 0.40 Shahpura Older Alluvium 1.17 - Phyllite & Schist 42.41 - Block Total 53.14 0.40 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 26.99 - Suwana Phyllite & Schist 10.35 - Block Total 37.34 - District Total 417.34 0.40 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 12.09 - Limestone 0.82 - Bari Sadri Phyllite & Schist 7.33 - Shale 0.47 - Block Total 20.71 - Bhander Sandstone 9.12 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.60 - CHITTAURGARH Begun Limestone 3.78 - Phyllite & Schist 0.21 - Shale 17.66 - Block Total 33.36 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 13.18 - Bhadesar Limestone 0.46 - Phyllite & Schist 3.82 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 80

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Bhadesar Shale 6.85 - Block Total 24.31 - Bhander Sandstone 13.66 - Bhainsrorgarh Shale 13.20 - Block Total 26.86 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.25 - Bhopalsagar Phyllite & Schist 16.54 - Block Total 17.79 - Bhander Sandstone 1.63 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 13.77 - Chittaurgarh Limestone 6.57 - Phyllite & Schist 0.00 - Shale 21.62 - Block Total 43.59 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 13.39 - Dungla Phyllite & Schist 10.91 - CHITTAURGARH Block Total 24.31 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 16.30 - Gangrar Phyllite & Schist 8.43 - Shale 0.04 - Block Total 24.77 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 6.26 - Kapasan Phyllite & Schist 10.95 - Block Total 17.21 - Bhander Sandstone 10.34 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.48 - Nimbahera Limestone 22.69 - IVa Shale 24.82 - Block Total 58.32 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 8.82 - Rashmi Phyllite & Schist 11.70 - Block Total 20.52 - District Total 311.75 - Deccan Traps 6.62 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 1.18 - Chhoti Sadri Limestone 0.43 - Phyllite & Schist 3.50 - Shale 13.88 - PRATAPGARH Block Total 25.61 - Deccan Traps 37.21 - Pratapgarh Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.81 - Phyllite & Schist 2.78 - Block Total 42.79 - District Total 68.40 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 14.94 0.06 Amet Phyllite & Schist 0.07 0.01 Block Total 15.01 0.07 Gneisses 0.00 0.17 Bhim Gneisses(B.G.C.) 6.36 0.00 RAJSAMAND Phyllite & Schist 5.02 1.32 Block Total 11.38 1.49 Gneisses - 0.06 Deogarh Gneisses(B.G.C.) 9.06 2.99 Phyllite & Schist 1.17 2.45 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 81

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Block Total 10.23 5.50 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 12.14 - Khamnor Phyllite & Schist 10.62 - Block Total 22.77 - Erinpura Granite 0.00 - Gneisses 0.02 0.31 Kumbhalgarh Gneisses(B.G.C.) 7.26 - RAJSAMAND Phyllite & Schist 11.25 0.53 Block Total 18.52 0.84 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.22 - Railmagra Phyllite & Schist 14.65 - Block Total 16.87 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 8.73 - Rajsamand Phyllite & Schist 6.79 - Block Total 15.52 - District Total 110.30 7.90 Erinpura Granite 16.87 - Abu Road Gneisses 9.21 - Block Total 26.08 - SIROHI Erinpura Granite 17.97 0.13 Pindwara Gneisses 26.85 4.08 Phyllite & Schist 0.47 0.11 Block Total 45.29 4.32 District Total 71.37 4.32 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.17 - Bargaon Phyllite & Schist 11.80 - Block Total 11.97 - IVa Gneisses(B.G.C.) 24.61 - Bhindar Limestone 0.64 - Phyllite & Schist 0.01 - Block Total 25.25 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 11.57 - Girwa Limestone 0.30 - Phyllite & Schist 21.77 - Block Total 33.64 - Erinpura Granite 0.11 0.00 Gogunda Phyllite & Schist 24.13 0.30 Block Total 24.24 0.30 Phyllite & Schist 20.71 0.86 UDAIPUR Jhadol Quartzite 1.79 0.01 Block Total 22.51 0.87 Kherwara Phyllite & Schist 23.39 - Block Total 23.39 - Erinpura Granite 1.96 4.55 Gneisses 0.00 - Kotra Phyllite & Schist 13.90 5.26 Quartzite 0.05 - Block Total 15.92 9.81 Gneisses(B.G.C.) 18.40 - Mavli Phyllite & Schist 7.32 - Block Total 25.72 - Rishabhdeo Phyllite & Schist 12.64 - Block Total 12.64 - Sarada Gneisses(B.G.C.) 7.39 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 82

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Sarada Phyllite & Schist 16.64 - UDAIPUR IVa Block Total 24.03 - District Total 219.32 10.97 IVa Total 1,204.28 23.59 Deccan Traps 0.74 - Anandpuri Phyllite & Schist 17.99 - Block Total 18.73 - Deccan Traps 1.07 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.16 - Bagidora Limestone 1.96 - Phyllite & Schist 24.83 - Block Total 28.01 - Deccan Traps 19.42 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 19.06 - Banswara Limestone 8.16 - Phyllite & Schist 0.93 - Block Total 47.57 - Chhoti Sarwan Deccan Traps 15.16 - BANSWARA Block Total 15.16 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 3.42 - Garhi Limestone 1.00 - Phyllite & Schist 52.28 - Block Total 56.70 - Deccan Traps 0.20 - Ghatol Gneisses(B.G.C.) 21.96 - Phyllite & Schist 23.29 - Block Total 45.44 - Deccan Traps 17.06 - Kushalgarh Phyllite & Schist 1.48 - IVb Block Total 18.54 - Deccan Traps 2.70 - Sajjangarh Phyllite & Schist 11.30 - Block Total 14.01 - District Total 244.17 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 13.08 - Aspur Limestone 0.00 - Phyllite & Schist 27.29 - Block Total 40.38 - Bichhiwara Phyllite & Schist 21.58 - Block Total 21.58 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.17 - Dungarpur DUNGARPUR Phyllite & Schist 14.62 - Block Total 14.79 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 2.70 - Sagwara Phyllite & Schist 19.13 - Block Total 21.83 - Phyllite & Schist 37.96 - Simalwara Ultra Basics 2.94 - Block Total 40.91 - District Total 139.48 - Arnod Deccan Traps 34.47 - Block Total 34.47 - PRATAPGARH Deccan Traps - - Dhariawad Gneisses(B.G.C.) 29.57 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 83

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Limestone 0.36 - Dhariawad Phyllite & Schist 0.09 - Block Total 30.02 - Deccan Traps 9.30 - PRATAPGARH Peepalkhoont Gneisses(B.G.C.) 5.37 - Block Total 14.66 - Pratapgarh Deccan Traps 0.02 - Block Total 0.02 - District Total 79.17 - IVb Bhindar Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.01 - Block Total 0.01 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 9.11 - Lasadiya Phyllite & Schist 0.40 - UDAIPUR Block Total 9.51 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 17.02 - Salumbar Limestone 0.03 - Phyllite & Schist 17.79 - Block Total 34.83 - District Total 44.35 - IVb Total 507.17 - Bhander Sandstone 11.32 - Antah Limestone 54.64 - Older Alluvium 4.34 - Block Total 70.31 - Bhander Sandstone 46.53 - Atru Limestone 7.54 - Older Alluvium 0.16 - Block Total 54.23 - Bhander Sandstone 10.87 - Baran Limestone 12.86 - Older Alluvium 47.22 - Block Total 70.96 - BARAN Bhander Sandstone 21.83 - Chhabra Deccan Traps 37.49 - Block Total 59.32 - Bhander Sandstone 24.33 - Chhipabarod Deccan Traps 33.61 - V Block Total 57.94 - Bhander Sandstone 84.49 - Kishanganj Older Alluvium 0.04 - Block Total 84.53 - Bhander Sandstone 42.24 - Shahbad Shale 19.48 - Block Total 61.72 - District Total 458.99 - Bhander Sandstone 7.00 - Bundi Limestone 33.90 - Older Alluvium 18.72 - Block Total 59.63 - BUNDI Bhander Sandstone 6.18 - Hindoli Limestone 1.41 - Phyllite & Schist 52.30 - Block Total 59.88 - Keshorai Patan Bhander Sandstone 1.87 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 84

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.00 - Limestone 5.04 - Keshorai Patan Older Alluvium 107.75 - Phyllite & Schist 0.39 - Shale 4.67 - Block Total 119.71 - Bhander Sandstone 2.80 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.22 - BUNDI Nainwa Limestone 3.66 - Older Alluvium 1.21 - Phyllite & Schist 48.14 - Block Total 56.03 - Bhander Sandstone 13.32 - Limestone 7.25 - Talera Older Alluvium 33.21 - Shale 0.00 - Block Total 53.78 - District Total 349.04 - Bakani Deccan Traps 58.57 - Block Total 58.57 - Dag Deccan Traps 63.28 - Block Total 63.28 - Bhander Sandstone 8.66 - Jhalrapatan Deccan Traps 51.51 - Limestone 12.97 - Block Total 73.14 - Bhander Sandstone 71.26 - V JHALAWAR Khanpur Limestone 1.23 - Shale 0.28 - Block Total 72.77 - Bhander Sandstone 7.79 - Manohar Thana Deccan Traps 62.81 - Limestone 0.00 - Block Total 70.61 - Pirawa Deccan Traps 75.37 - Block Total 75.37 - District Total 413.75 - Bhander Sandstone 0.13 - Limestone 10.14 - Itawa Older Alluvium 117.77 - Shale 0.28 - Block Total 128.32 - Bhander Sandstone 6.83 - Deccan Traps 0.58 - Khairabad Limestone 42.41 - KOTA Shale 1.56 - Block Total 51.39 - Bhander Sandstone 106.68 - Limestone 11.76 - Ladpura Older Alluvium 2.56 - Shale 0.10 - Block Total 121.10 - Bhander Sandstone 55.71 - Sangod Limestone 11.47 - Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 85

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Dynamic Groundwater ACZ District Block Hydrogeological Unit Availability, Mm 3 Fresh Saline Sangod Shale 6.05 - Block Total 73.23 - Bhander Sandstone 4.33 - KOTA Sultanpura Limestone 28.68 - Older Alluvium 83.45 - Block Total 116.46 - District Total 490.50 - Bhander Sandstone 0.25 - Gneisses(B.G.C.) 0.08 - Limestone 6.15 - V Khandar Older Alluvium 55.97 2.75 Phyllite & Schist 2.33 - Quartzite 5.90 - SAWAI Shale 10.22 - MADHOPUR Block Total 80.89 2.75 Limestone 1.22 - Older Alluvium 38.79 - Sawai Madhopur Phyllite & Schist 31.84 - Quartzite 4.06 - Block Total 75.92 - District Total 156.81 2.75 V Total 1,869.08 2.75 State Summary 10,613.83 3,621.97 Note: Zero availability means negligible value. 8.9 Stage of Groundwater Development Figure 8.18 present the stage of groundwater development for various blocks in Rajasthan as per Consultant’s assessment for year 2010. The village-wise stage of development is given in Annex 6(b) as soft copy. According to these figures, the stage of fresh groundwater development ranges from less than 70% to more than 200%. Most of the blocks south-east of the Aravallis are over exploited i.e. groundwater development is >100%. Extreme over pumping is identified in the blocks and the large cities/towns such as: Jaipur, Alwar, Pali, and Chittaurgarh. Areas having low stage of development include most of the blocks north-west of the Aravali hill range, excluding few blocks in the districts of: Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Jalore and Sirohi. ACZ IVb is the only ACZ south-east of the Aravallis which has groundwater development below 100% (except for Arnod block of Pratapgarh district). These maps correlate well with the long term groundwater levels trends (Figures 8.5, 8.6) which present the unavoidable outcome of over-usage of the resource. Higher stage of development of more than 150% is observed in the almost entire Alwar district, Pisangan block of Ajmer district, Baytoo block of Barmer district, Balesar, Osian and Bawari block of Jodhpur district, Hindaun block of Karauli district, Lalsot block of Dausa district in the eastern half of the state and in the western half in the state in Bhinmal, Raniwara, Sanchore and Sayla blocks of Jalore district, Jaisalmer and Sankra blocks of Jaisalmer district and Dantaramgarh and Khandela blocks of Sikar district. 8.10 Categorization of Assessment Units Figures 8.19 present the categorization of assessment units i.e. various blocks in Rajasthan as per Consultant’s assessment for year 2010. The categories of assessment units are 'Safe', 'Semi Critical', 'Critical' and 'Over Exploited'. Accordingly, vast areas in Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 86

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the north-west are characterized as 'safe' and their stage of development is below 100%, whereas areas with massive drafts and high stage of development are categorized as "Over-Exploited", such as in Jaipur and Alwar Districts. As can be clearly seen in the maps, most of the state is categorised as over exploited. The term over exploited represents a stage of development greater than 100% and both pre and post water level trends are showing significant decline in groundwater levels (>0.2 m/yr). Figure 8.19 presents an alarming picture of the groundwater scenario in the state of Rajasthan. The direct outcome of these conditions (which are already taking place in field) is that less water of lesser quality will be available for the people in rural areas as well as in the big cities. This is already reflected by declining water levels trends. These declining trends will lead to deepening of existing wells which will increase pumping in the areas. This might cause rise in salinity levels in many areas and thus, will make the groundwater quality unsuitable for drinking and irrigation use. 9. Detailed Groundwater Study by Agro Climatic Zones 9.1 Ground Water Study of ACZ Ia The detailed groundwater study of Agro climatic Zone Ia in Volume 2a of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.2 Ground Water Study of ACZ Ib The detailed groundwater study of Agro climatic Zone Ib in Volume 2a of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.3 Ground Water Study of ACZ Ic The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone Ic in Volume 2a of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.4 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIa The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone IIa in Volume 2a of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.5 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIb The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone IIb in Volume 2b of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.6 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIIa The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone IIIa in Volume 2b of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.7 Ground Water Study of ACZ IIIb The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone IIIb in Volume 2b of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

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9.8 Ground Water Study of ACZ IVa The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone IVa in Volume 2c of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.9 Ground Water Study of ACZ IVb The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone IVb in Volume 2c of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

9.10 Ground Water Study of ACZ V The detailed groundwater study of Agroclimatic Zone V in Volume 2c of this report. The related maps are given in Volume 3 of this report.

10. Life Expectancy of Aquifer Systems Life expectancy estimations of the hydrogeological units are presented in Figure 10.1- 10.2 and in Table 10.1. The assessment was carried out for four target time steps/exploitation stages:

• Remaining availability of 90% of the saturated thickness • Remaining availability of 70% of the saturated thickness • Remaining availability of 50% of the saturated thickness • Aquifer is exhausted - the entire utilizable saturated thickness has been exploited. Aquifer is not exploitable. The life expectancy estimation of the aquifers was performed under the following main assumptions: 1) Future trends of groundwater levels will be similar to the average trends observed in the past 3 decades 2) No drafts decrease due to groundwater decline 3) No groundwater quality deterioration due to water table decline 4) Average permeability along the saturated profile is uniform In nature, groundwater flows from zones of higher water level to zones of lower water level. Therefore, groundwater is expected to move towards the developing depressions in the water table. The expected outcome as a result of the lateral flows would be expansion of the depression zones area but probably a somewhat smaller average degree of decline. It is assumed that crossing the limit of under 50% of the saturated thickness has far reaching consequences related to: (a) lateral flows in the aquifer from adjacent areas (b) decrease in groundwater recharge (c) increase in production energy (d) deterioration in groundwater quality etc. The actual processes, their consequences and extent are impossible to predict without modelling and should be avoided by all means. These processes might also take place at earlier stages, before reaching 50% utilization of the saturated thickness, depending upon the local characteristics of the aquifer, surrounding hydrological conditions and the groundwater flow regime. It is therefore emphasized that responsible groundwater management scheme should always aim towards a sustainable groundwater exploitation within the annual replenished quantities. The following results should not be taken as recommendations for a groundwater abstraction scheme but should be used for understanding the severity of Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 88

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aquifer conditions in various places in Rajasthan. The objective of this chapter is not to give accurate figures of the available volumes of groundwater in the state in the future but rather to serve as a tool for decision makers for understanding the processes and possible outcomes of today's management policy of the water resources in the State. The development of zones with depleted water table and the fact that the groundwater conditions (quantity and quality) are deteriorating in time - is reflecting the unbalanced exploitation above the sustainable potential. General methodological guidelines are presented below:

• Long term trends of groundwater levels were analyzed based on RGWD and CGWB data between 1984-2010. • Average rates of decline/rise of groundwater level per well were calculated. • Saturated thickness of the various aquifer units was calculated based on 'depth to bedrock' data and '2010 groundwater level' data. • Utilizable saturated thickness of the aquifer units were retrieved from the static resource estimations. • Target stages of the aquifer storage were determined at 90%, 70%, 50% and 0% remaining saturated thickness with respect to the saturated thickness in 1984. • The aquifers in most of Rajasthan are over-exploited for many years. Therefore, the reference storage for the life expectancy estimations was taken as the conditions in 1984, the earliest available full record for the entire state. • Based on the long term decline/rise rates the year in which the saturated thickness will reach each target stage was assessed. • Point data was interpolated into a continuous surface layer using IDW interpolation (ArcGIS toolbox). Search radius parameter was set to 12 points.

The life expectancy is displayed as the relativity decay time (in years) from the initial available saturated thickness of the aquifer (set as the saturated thickness in 1984) until each of the above four stages (90%, 70%, 50%, 0% of the saturated thickness) is reached. The time calculation is expressed as: − S(1984 ) (P )1 ∆t = *100 [ y] R

Where: ∆t - Number of years from 1984 [y] S(1984) - Available saturated thickness in 1984 [m] P - Relative decrease in saturated thickness [no units] R - Long-term trend of change in groundwater levels [m/y]

The findings of the above calculations are alarming. The prediction map of the "half life time" (50%) presents the initiation of the depression zones which will be the centroid of the future depleted aquifers. Until 2050 the extent of those centroids expands dramatically and can be clearly identified parallel to and alongside the north-

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western slopes of the Aravallis and on the south-eastern side of the northern section of the range (Figure 10.1). Until the year 2100 significant parts of the aquifers in ACZ's: IIa, IIb, IIIa and IIIb are expected to be fully exhausted (Figure 10.2). This means that groundwater will become unavailable for most of the people in the most populated regions of the State of Rajasthan (either because of depth or quality, see figure 10.1). Furthermore, most of the other areas in those ACZ's will reach the stage of 50% availability of saturated thickness between the years 2050 to 2100. Rapid decline in the water table might have another significant consequence in the form of lateral inflows into the zone of depression. In the case of a near-by saline groundwater, the declining water table will draw saline water into the fresh zone, causing salinization of fresh aquifers and wells (see below the case of the Yamuna Basin in ACZ IIIb). The results reveal a distinctive pattern exhibiting three longitudinal strips that cross the state from the southwest to the northeast, parallel to the Aravallis (refer Figure 10.1 - 10.2 and Table 10.1): 1) Southeastern strip : south of the Aravallis within the Chambal and Mahi Basins including ACZ's: IVa, IVb, V and the southern parts of IIIa and IIIb. 2) Middle strip : between the Aravallis in the southeast to the Outside Basin in the northwest including ACZ's: IIa, IIb, southeastern part of Ia and northern parts of IIIa and IIIb. 3) Northwestern strip : mainly within the Outside and Ganganagar Basins including ACZ's Ib, Ic. The southeastern strip is characterizes by high precipitation and a relatively small depth to the water table while the main hydrogeological units are the hard and fractured aquifers such as phyllite and schist with a relatively low transmissivity. This region is also characterized by a large number of agricultural projects. These conditions enhance the natural recharge as well as the artificial recharge (return flow from irrigation). Therefore until 2050 most of the hydrogeological units still hold 80% to 100% of the full storage (Table 10.1). Yet between the years 2050-2100 the saturated thickness declines below 70% Table 10.1). The more severe conditions are observed mainly in the northeastern part of the strip (around the districts of Tonk and Baran). A unique phenomenon is observed around the blocks of Deeg, Kumher and Bharatpur in ACZ IIIb exhibiting close to stable saturated thickness followed by a rise in groundwater salinity (see ACZ IIIb, Figure 10.1). These observations reflect lateral inflows of saline groundwater into Rajasthan from the Yamuna Basin controlled by the declining water table around these blocks.

In the middle strip development of depression areas can be identified already from 2010 especially in the Districts of Pali, Jalore (along the alluvial plains of the Luni River), Nagaur, Sikar and Jaipur. In most of these areas the static groundwater level in 2010 was shallow (40m and below), corresponding to a limited groundwater storage. Until the year 2050 the depression zones expand extensively and present a strip in which the static storage drops below 70% and at places below 50%. When comparing between the static storage trends and the hydrogeological map it appears that correlation can be found between the areas of the developed depressions and the alluvial aquifer formations. This is attributed to the usually shallower depth and higher transmissivities of the alluvial aquifers making them preferred ground for intense agriculture activity.

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The northwestern strip is characterized by a stability in the saturated thickness controlled mainly by the large amounts of water leaking from the Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP). Although the saturated thickness is likely to increase, this increase is expected to be followed by a significant increase in the salinity of the aquifer as well (See Chapters 1.12.3 in ACZ's Ib and Ic and Figure 10.1). This is attributed partially due to the local hydrogeological conditions and high potential evaporation in the Thar Desert and partially related to salinization processes of the canal's water along its course due to direct evaporation (open canal). In the northeastern tip of the strip, within Hanumangarh district (ACZ Ib) a severe depletion of the aquifer is taking place with <50% of the groundwater storage remaining in 2050. This area is the upper most section of the Ghaggar Basin which might explain the exceptional behaviour of this section compared to its surrounding. This is attributed to relatively limited surface area available for recharge which is hydraulically disconnected from the adjacent areas (no compensation by lateral flows).

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Table 10.1 Life Expectancy of the Aquifer Units – predicted available saturated thickness (with respect to 2010 saturated thickness levels) Color key legend: Up to 2040 (< 31 years) 2041-2080 (31 - 70 years) 2081-2120 (71 - 110 years) 2121-2160 (111 - 150 years) 2161-2200 (151 - 190 years) Beyond 2200 (> 190 years) Pre- Estimated years for various stages of Saturated monsoon remaining saturated thickness ACZ District Block Thickness Rate of Not 2010 (m) Decline/Rise 90% 70% 50% exploitable (m/yr) Balotra 135.91 -0.21 169 > 190 > 190 > 190 Barmer 88.25 0.06 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Baytoo 101.48 -0.12 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Barmer Chohtan 91.19 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Dhorimanna 69.16 -0.17 154 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sheo 84 -0.13 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sindhari 78.12 -0.21 142 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ia Balesar 115.12 -0.41 179 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bap 115.19 0.02 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bawari 90.76 -0.78 < 31 69 133 > 190 Luni 42.09 -0.09 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jodhpur Mandor 132.13 -0.26 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Osian 187.8 -0.33 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Phalodi 153.5 -0.23 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Shergarh 111.35 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Anupgarh 13.73 0.48 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ganganagar 26.99 0.06 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ghadsana 8.43 0.54 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Karanpur 21.14 0.07 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ganganagar Padampur 20.67 0.27 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Raisinghnagar 10.33 0.37 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sadulshahar 26.03 0.47 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ib Suratgarh 39.45 0.49 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bhadra 33.68 0.14 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Hanumangarh 15.5 0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Nohar 30.35 0.15 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Hanumangarh Pilibanga 36.83 0.23 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rawatsar 49.54 0.29 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sangariya 26.61 0.46 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Tibi 17.66 -0.09 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bikaner 74.02 0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Dungargarh 49.62 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Khajuwala 70.51 0.33 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ic Bikaner Kolayat 34.91 0.17 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Lunkaransar 12.05 0.38 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Nokha 77.37 -0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190

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Pre- Estimated years for various stages of Saturated monsoon remaining saturated thickness ACZ District Block Thickness Rate of Not 2010 (m) Decline/Rise 90% 70% 50% exploitable (m/yr) Ratangarh 60.36 -0.15 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Churu Sardarshahar 84.22 0.03 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sujangarh 57.34 -0.15 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ic Jaisalmer 156.96 0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jaisalmer Sam 50.61 0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sankra 100.89 0.11 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Churu 79.42 -0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Churu Rajgarh 96.6 -0.05 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Taranagar 136.87 0.14 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Alsisar 20.4 -0.1 40 87 134 > 190 Buhana 36.04 -0.76 < 31 < 31 < 31 67 Chirawa 78.65 -0.81 < 31 < 31 < 31 43 Jhunjhunun 62.89 -0.49 44 88 132 > 190 Jhunjhunun Khetri 53.89 -0.34 < 31 54 107 > 190 Nawalgarh 51.77 -0.61 < 31 < 31 < 31 64 Surajgarh 49.13 -0.8 < 31 < 31 31 76 Udaipurwati 56.04 -0.45 54 87 119 185 Degana 93.24 -0.17 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Didwana 107.34 -0.32 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jayal 35.34 -0.2 160 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kuchaman City 82.21 -0.59 < 31 32 71 149 IIa Ladnu 95.53 -0.23 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Nagaur Makrana 86.65 -0.43 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Merta 76.64 -0.38 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Mundwa 136.12 -0.66 150 > 190 > 190 > 190 Nagaur 69.03 0 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Parbatsar 90.45 -0.77 < 31 < 31 < 31 72 Riyan 107.66 -0.39 84 134 185 > 190 Danta Ramgarh 71.53 -0.78 < 31 40 84 142 Dhond 19.65 -1.09 82 95 107 132 Fatehpur 43.82 -0.24 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Khandela 97.65 -0.54 112 175 > 190 > 190 Sikar Lachhmangarh 77.9 -0.57 69 131 > 190 > 190 Neem Ka Thana 115.92 -0.27 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Piprali 19.84 -0.7 < 31 < 31 < 31 33 Srimadhopur 23.94 -0.77 < 31 < 31 < 31 33 Barmer Siwana 159.75 -1 < 31 39 83 155 Ahore 22.89 -0.45 68 79 89 111 Bhinmal 214.35 -1.17 60 98 135 > 190 Chitalwana 148.3 0 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 IIb Jalore Jalor 47.1 -0.54 < 31 30 67 121 Jaswantpura 55.57 -0.53 180 > 190 > 190 > 190 Raniwara 100.97 -0.47 182 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sanchore 137.33 -0.39 < 31 140 > 190 > 190 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 93

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Pre- Estimated years for various stages of Saturated monsoon remaining saturated thickness ACZ District Block Thickness Rate of Not 2010 (m) Decline/Rise 90% 70% 50% exploitable (m/yr) Jalore Sayla 55.23 -0.91 < 31 34 55 97 Bhopalgarh 53.97 -0.43 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jodhpur Bilara 140.87 -0.56 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bali 46.33 -0.23 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Desuri 59.37 -0.33 134 183 > 190 > 190 Jaitaran 63.47 -0.4 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Marwar Junction 8.94 -0.41 39 74 108 176 Pali IIb Pali 25.07 -0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Raipur 87.91 -0.34 130 152 174 > 190 Rani 25.04 -0.38 180 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rohat 33.52 -0.08 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sojat 35.09 -0.43 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sumerpur 55.38 -0.22 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Reodar 51.91 -0.32 171 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sirohi Sheoganj 81.98 -0.57 135 166 > 190 > 190 Sirohi 32.75 -0.24 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Arain 71.76 -0.18 166 > 190 > 190 > 190 Binay 59.53 -0.17 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jawaja 80.93 -0.08 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kekri 74.8 -0.08 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ajmer Kishangarh 80.37 -0.4 90 136 182 > 190 Masooda 80.43 -0.18 137 > 190 > 190 > 190 Peesangan 81.38 -0.37 146 184 > 190 > 190 Shrinagar 69.79 -0.32 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bandikui 68.35 -0.81 < 31 < 31 < 31 52 Dausa 91.42 -0.38 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Dausa Lalsot 36.42 -0.84 32 51 71 109 Sikrai 36.96 -0.66 < 31 < 31 < 31 74 Amber 114.87 -0.9 < 31 49 71 115 Bassi 71.89 -0.58 < 31 < 31 54 119 Chaksu 45.96 -0.44 < 31 < 31 44 100 IIIa Dudu 49.41 -0.34 94 120 146 > 190 Govindgarh 10.91 -0.75 39 50 61 83 Jamwa Ramgarh 63.29 -0.25 < 31 61 118 > 190 Jaipur Jhotwara 57.34 -1.18 < 31 < 31 < 31 < 31 Kotputli 87.88 -0.61 79 104 129 180 Phagi 47.03 -0.32 < 31 < 31 66 140 Sambhar 54.43 -0.88 < 31 < 31 < 31 44 Sanganer 103.56 -0.92 33 58 83 134 Shahpura 60.85 -0.63 < 31 < 31 < 31 64 Viratnagar 25.09 -0.5 < 31 < 31 58 124 Deoli 94.58 -0.07 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Malpura 75.45 -0.21 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Tonk Niwai 31.8 -0.26 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Todaraisingh 49.81 -0.13 183 > 190 > 190 > 190 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 94

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Pre- Estimated years for various stages of Saturated monsoon remaining saturated thickness ACZ District Block Thickness Rate of Not 2010 (m) Decline/Rise 90% 70% 50% exploitable (m/yr) Tonk 85.51 -0.25 92 184 > 190 > 190 IIIa Tonk Uniara 74.77 -0.25 186 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bansur 71.72 -0.35 45 91 136 > 190 Behror 58.53 -1.33 < 31 < 31 < 31 44 Kathumar 67.98 -0.28 76 123 170 > 190 Kishangarh Bas 61.18 -0.65 42 65 89 135 Kotkasim 54.23 -0.39 < 31 40 83 166 Lachhmangarh 91.75 -0.57 119 171 > 190 > 190 Alwar Mandawar 68.77 -0.61 < 31 < 31 47 105 Nimrana 15.15 -0.66 113 120 128 142 Rajgarh 109.1 -0.05 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ramgarh 69.76 -0.28 < 31 87 162 > 190 Reni 67.73 -0.61 95 111 128 161 Thanagazi 74.82 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Tijara 54.43 -0.37 < 31 34 73 153 Umren 90.87 -0.38 104 161 > 190 > 190 Bayana 97.67 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Deeg 86.56 -0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kaman 83.89 -0.09 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 IIIb Kumher 97.59 -0.03 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bharatpur Nadbai 93.49 -0.29 129 > 190 > 190 > 190 Pahari 91.33 -0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rupbas 66.3 -0.13 171 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sewar 97.97 -0.07 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Weir 116.25 -0.24 164 > 190 > 190 > 190 Dausa Mahwa 54.53 -0.4 148 174 > 190 > 190 Bari 100.93 -0.05 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Baseri 67.37 -0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Dhaulpur Dhaulpur 84.23 -0.16 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rajakhera 100.76 -0.23 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Hindaun 85.8 -0.25 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Karauli 72.18 -0.08 121 176 > 190 > 190 Karauli Nadoti 75.1 -0.14 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sapotra 52.19 -0.13 < 31 98 180 > 190 Todabhim 117.36 -0.42 102 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bamanwas 32.68 -0.09 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sawai Madhopur Bonli 72.27 -0.23 107 171 > 190 > 190 Gangapur 68.25 -0.16 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Ajmer Jawaja 80.93 -0.08 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Asind 109.64 -0.16 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Banera 137.38 -0.19 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Hurda 122.75 -0.22 144 > 190 > 190 > 190 IVa Bhilwara Jahazpur 114.82 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kotri 125.44 -0.15 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Mandal 97.17 -0.06 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Mandalgarh 121.27 -0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 95

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Pre- Estimated years for various stages of Saturated monsoon remaining saturated thickness ACZ District Block Thickness Rate of Not 2010 (m) Decline/Rise 90% 70% 50% exploitable (m/yr) Raipur 26.56 -0.34 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sahara 150.52 -0.17 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bhilwara Shahpura 60.71 -0.63 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Suwana 130.66 -0.19 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bari Sadri 115.79 -0.23 125 > 190 > 190 > 190 Begun 195.34 -0.06 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bhadesar 97.8 -0.8 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bhainsrorgarh 169.78 -0.09 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bhopalsagar 119.92 -0.19 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Chittaurgarh Chittaurgarh 110.71 -0.2 82 184 > 190 > 190 Dungla 103.66 -0.23 < 31 120 > 190 > 190 Gangrar 99.86 -0.14 110 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kapasan 135.2 -0.22 139 > 190 > 190 > 190 Nimbahera 181.39 -0.15 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rashmi 100.22 -0.17 118 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kota Khairabad 75.34 -0.34 < 31 117 > 190 > 190 Chhoti Sadri 78.56 -0.37 68 154 > 190 > 190 Pratapgarh Pratapgarh 155.47 0.01 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 IVa Amet 53.76 -0.13 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bhim 58.29 -0.13 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Deogarh 61.83 -0.06 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rajsamand Khamnor 117.18 -0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kumbhalgarh 77.3 -0.08 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Railmagra 72.79 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rajsamand 76.01 -0.14 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Abu Road 99.76 -0.17 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sirohi Pindwara 56.57 -0.21 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bargaon 59.82 -0.14 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bhindar 245.98 -0.13 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Girwa 39.19 -0.02 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Gogunda 60.32 -0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jhadol 63.81 -0.07 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Udaipur Kherwara 78.48 -0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kotra 60.14 0.01 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Mavli 74.24 -0.04 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Rishabhdeo 72.9 0.03 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sarada 110.17 -0.06 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Anandpuri 207.55 0.01 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bagidora 120.62 -0.01 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Banswara 124.73 -0.02 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Chhoti Sarvan 123.61 0.13 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Banswara Garhi 64.52 -0.05 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 IVb Ghatol 77.01 0.02 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kushalgarh 113.46 -0.06 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sajjangarh 108.31 0.01 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Aspur 71.2 0.02 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Dungarpur Bichhiwara 101.67 -0.05 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 96

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Pre- Estimated years for various stages of Saturated monsoon remaining saturated thickness ACZ District Block Thickness Rate of Not 2010 (m) Decline/Rise 90% 70% 50% exploitable (m/yr) Dungarpur 84.75 -0.11 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Dungarpur Sagwara 101.26 -0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Simalwara 120.52 -0.16 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Arnod 121.02 -0.08 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 IVb Pratapgarh Dhariawad 76.48 -0.02 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Peepalkhoont 128.22 -0.05 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Lasadiya 63.34 -0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Udaipur Salumbar 85.13 -0.09 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Antah 92.14 -0.16 167 > 190 > 190 > 190 Atru 139.12 -0.33 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Baran 71.55 -0.46 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Baran Chhabra 83.85 -0.11 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Chhipabarod 78.48 -0.12 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Kishanganj 77.48 -0.15 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Shahbad 73.25 -0.03 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bundi 111.05 -0.13 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Hindoli 75.36 -0.15 55 142 > 190 > 190 Bundi Keshorai Patan 93.67 -0.18 83 174 > 190 > 190 Nainwa 79.02 -0.34 < 31 70 134 > 190 Talera 63.01 -0.15 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Bakani 62 -0.1 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 V Dag 69.69 -0.17 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jhalrapatan 61.64 -0.11 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Jhalawar Khanpur 86.16 -0.25 168 > 190 > 190 > 190 Manohar Thana 73.73 -0.2 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Pirawa 83.2 -0.2 163 > 190 > 190 > 190 Itawa 107.69 -0.38 47 105 162 > 190 Khairabad 75.34 -0.34 128 171 > 190 > 190 Kota Ladpur 86.12 -0.67 150 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sangod 25.13 -0.77 < 31 75 143 > 190 Sultanpura 95.42 -0.18 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Khandar 106.19 -0.05 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190 Sawai Madhopur Sawai Madhopur 154.91 -0.35 > 190 > 190 > 190 > 190

11. Recommendations for New Exploratory Wells The main objective of the suggested new exploratory wells is to expand the hydrogeological knowledge about the aquifer units in Rajasthan and to fill in some of the main existing data gaps. It is believed that data collected from these wells might improve groundwater recharge and groundwater balance assessments. In some of the cases, the new exploratory wells might aid in the development of new and yet unknown groundwater resources. In general, the information that is expected to be gained from the new exploratory wells can be classified into three main data types:

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1. Hydrogeological mapping data • Demarcating boundaries of aquifer units • Identifying boundaries of groundwater basins in places of uncertainties • Mapping depth to basement in un-known areas

2. Aquifer properties data • Measuring aquifer hydraulic properties in un-investigated areas • Measuring aquifer hydraulic properties in un-investigated formations • Measuring aquifer hydraulic properties in areas of extreme water table depletion to check changes in aquifer characteristics • Explore deep aquifer units

3. Groundwater flow regime information data • Adding data regarding groundwater levels • Retrieving information about groundwater qualities • Identifying boundaries of fresh-saline interface zones • Assessment of lateral flows along the international and national borders

Ninety-seven new exploratory wells are suggested (Table 11.1, 11.2 and Figure 11.2). Figure 11.1 presents a flowchart which demonstrates the conceptual model for locating a site for a new exploratory well and determining the required depth of the well. The principal points of interests are areas with shortage of data (no wells / shallow wells) regarding: chemical quality (mainly chloride), boundaries between hydrogeological units, boundaries between water bodies of different quality characteristics and to study the lateral inflows/outflows into neighbouring states (within India) and lateral inflows/outflows through the international border (into Pakistan). The necessity of new wells in these points of interest was examined; Inter alia the proximity and depth of existing wells and the properties of the underlying hydrogeological formation. Usually, the depth of each new well was set to the estimated depth of the basement rock, except for the wells that explore the alluvium formations. In the Younger and Older Alluvium formations, it is suggested to continue drilling 50 m within the basement rock in order to test the properties of the deep basement units and examine their suitability for groundwater exploitation. 17 wells out of the recommended new exploratory wells are very close in location to some of the new monitoring wells that are suggested in the optimization plan for the monitoring network (see Table 11.2 and Volume 4) and thus, these wells can serve both purposes.

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Figure 11.1: The conceptual process for locating new exploratory wells

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Table 11.1: Summary of Proposed New Exploratory Wells by ACZ's and Aquifer Units

Aquifer Unit / ACZ I(a) I(b) I(c) II(a) II(b) III(a) III(b) IV(a) IV(b) V Summary Older Alluvium 4 1 3 2 2 5 6 2 25

Rhyolite 2 1 1 4

Tertiary Sandstone 1 1 2

Vindhyan Sandstone 3 1 1 5

Younger Alluvium 5 2 1 2 1 11

Bilara Limestone 1 3 1 5

Phyllite & Schist 1 2 1 2 2 1 9

Bhander Sandstone 1 3 2 6

Shale 2 1 3

Deccan Traps 3 4 2 9

Limestone 1 1 1 2 5

Jurassic Sandstone 1 1 2

Jalore Granite 1 2 3

B.G.C. 1 1 1 1 4

Gneisses 1 1 2

Quartzite 1 1

Erinpura Granite 1 1

Summary 12 6 11 10 10 9 9 12 8 10 97

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Table 11.2 Proposed Locations of New Exploratory Wells Proximity to Estimated Estimated Average Proposed Proposed Depth to S. Hydrogeological Surface Depth to Well Exploratory Optimized ACZ District Block Village Longitude Latitude Water No. Formation Elevation Basement Depth Well Purpose Monitoring Level (m. amsl) (m. bgl) (m. bgl) Well (Village (m. bgl) name) Akarli 1 I(a) Barmer Balotra 72° 6' 36" 25° 59' 12" Older Alluvium 119 20 130 180* Explore bedrock Dhansingh 2 I(a) Barmer Barmer Mahendrapura 71° 9' 6" 25° 35' 31" Older Alluvium 215 47 120 170* Explore bedrock 3 I(a) Barmer Barmer Tamliyar 71° 2' 50" 25° 39' 14" Older Alluvium 230 47 120 170* Explore bedrock Tamliyar Saraiyon Ka Explore bedrock 4 I(a) Barmer Chohtan 70° 58' 13" 25° 0' 0" Older Alluvium 92 49 130 180* Tala & flow regime Examine Aquifer 5 I(a) Barmer Sheo Ranasar 70° 46' 28" 25° 49' 49" Rhyolite 197 70 160 160 properties Examine Aquifer Tertiary 6 I(a) Barmer Sheo Sagoraliya 70° 24' 40" 25° 56' 47" 107 70 160 160 properties & flow Sandstone regime Sitaramki Jurassic Examine Aquifer 7 I(a) Barmer Sheo 71° 19' 20" 26° 22' 26" 277 70 160 160 Dhani Sandstone properties Examine Aquifer 8 I(a) Barmer Sindhari Girli Charnan 71° 54' 29" 25° 44' 24" Rhyolite 105 33 100 100 properties Vindhyan Examine Aquifer 9 I(a) Jodhpur Bawari Ummednagar 73° 0' 22" 26° 35' 39" 256 58 150 150 Sandstone properties Vindhyan Examine Aquifer 10 I(a) Jodhpur Bawari Chhindiya 73° 18' 37" 26° 47' 53" 308 58 150 150 Sandstone properties Vindhyan Examine Aquifer 11 I(a) Jodhpur Osian 72° 38' 6" 26° 49' 57" 305 62 200 200 Sandstone properties Examine Aquifer 12 I(a) Jodhpur Phalodi Paleena 72° 37' 28" 27° 10' 58" Bilara Limestone 248 54 200 200 properties Explore bedrock 13 I(b) Ganganagar Ghadsana 1 AM-A 72° 42' 37" 28° 50' 9" Older Alluvium 139 22 40 90* & flow regime Younger Explore bedrock 14 I(b) Ganganagar Raisinghnagar 74 NP 73° 17' 8" 29° 25' 39" 157 11 35 85* Alluvium & flow regime Younger 15 I(b) Ganganagar Suratgarh 1 KND 74° 10' 20" 29° 13' 25" 198 7 45 95* Explore bedrock Alluvium Younger 16 I(b) Ganganagar Suratgarh 3 NRD-B 73° 46' 0" 29° 27' 59" 170 7 45 95* Explore bedrock Alluvium Younger 17 I(b) Hanumangarh Pilibanga 8 UTS 73° 59' 53" 29° 42' 42" 179 23 50 100* Explore bedrock Alluvium Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 101

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Proximity to Estimated Estimated Average Proposed Proposed Depth to S. Hydrogeological Surface Depth to Well Exploratory Optimized ACZ District Block Village Longitude Latitude Water No. Formation Elevation Basement Depth Well Purpose Monitoring Level (m. amsl) (m. bgl) (m. bgl) Well (Village (m. bgl) name) Younger Explore bedrock 18 I(b) Hanumangarh Sangariya 2 BGP 74° 32' 45" 29° 51' 38" 193 11 50 100* Alluvium & flow regime Tertiary Examine Aquifer 19 I(c) Bikaner Bikaner 73° 30' 25" 28° 0' 15" 219 78 165 165 Sandstone properties Explore bedrock 20 I(c) Bikaner Khajuwala Gogliwala 72° 52' 15" 28° 22' 43" Older Alluvium 171 26 100 150* Gogliwala & flow regime Explore bedrock 21 I(c) Bikaner Kolayat Gajjawala 71° 56' 31" 27° 57' 55" Older Alluvium 133 23 110 160* Gajjawala & flow regime Pabusar Explore bedrock 22 I(c) Bikaner Kolayat 72° 39' 42" 28° 2' 35" Older Alluvium 186 23 110 160* Sindooka & flow regime Vindhyan Examine Aquifer 23 I(c) Bikaner Nokha Udasar 73° 17' 30" 27° 32' 25" 311 78 120 120 Udasar Sandstone properties Examine Aquifer 24 I(c) Jaisalmer Jaisalmer Pohar 70° 57' 58" 27° 4' 35" Limestone 151 28 230 230 properties Jurassic Examine Aquifer 25 I(c) Jaisalmer Sam Chhodiya 71° 16' 32" 26° 32' 26" 276 63 160 160 Kodiyasar Sandstone properties Younger Explore bedrock 26 I(c) Jaisalmer Sam Loonar 70° 17' 54" 26° 35' 38" 119 63 160 210* Loonar Alluvium & flow regime Younger Explore bedrock 27 I(c) Jaisalmer Sam Ghotadoo 69° 59' 48" 27° 27' 34" 76 63 160 210* Longewala Alluvium & flow regime Examine Aquifer 28 I(c) Jaisalmer Sankra Sankra 71° 35' 45" 26° 46' 41" Jalore Granite 284 14 80 80 properties Paboopadiya Examine Aquifer 29 I(c) Jaisalmer Sankra 71° 51' 59" 26° 50' 59" Rhyolite 241 14 80 80 Chandana properties Jori Patta 30 II(a) Churu Churu 74° 58' 11" 28° 33' 46" Older Alluvium 241 26 110 160* Explore bedrock Lohsana 31 II(a) Jhunjhunun Khetri Barau 75° 39' 40" 27° 57' 33" Older Alluvium 411 32 85 135* Explore bedrock Barau Examine Aquifer 32 II(a) Nagaur Didwana Thanu 74° 36' 32" 27° 27' 0" B.G.C. 346 17 80 80 properties Examine Aquifer 33 II(a) Nagaur Merta Kumpras 73° 52' 1" 26° 44' 43" Bilara Limestone 329 85 140 140 properties Examine Aquifer 34 II(a) Nagaur Mundwa Sheelgaon 73° 36' 26" 26° 59' 29" Bilara Limestone 326 93 160 160 properties Vindhyan Examine Aquifer 35 II(a) Nagaur Mundwa Kantiya 73° 18' 1" 27° 0' 30" 306 93 160 160 Sandstone properties Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 102

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Proximity to Estimated Estimated Average Proposed Proposed Depth to S. Hydrogeological Surface Depth to Well Exploratory Optimized ACZ District Block Village Longitude Latitude Water No. Formation Elevation Basement Depth Well Purpose Monitoring Level (m. amsl) (m. bgl) (m. bgl) Well (Village (m. bgl) name) Examine Aquifer 36 II(a) Nagaur Mundwa Dujasar 73° 22' 4" 27° 8' 47" Bilara Limestone 314 93 160 160 properties Examine Aquifer 37 II(a) Nagaur Parbatsar Dholiya 74° 37' 33" 26° 45' 31" Gneisses 430 55 80 80 properties Examine Aquifer 38 II(a) Nagaur Riyan Mori Kalan 74° 28' 14" 26° 40' 40" Phyllite & Schist 418 36 70 70 properties Examine Aquifer 39 II(a) Sikar Khandela Guwariya 75° 29' 33" 27° 39' 8" Quartzite 485 35 90 90 properties 40 II(b) Jalore Ahore Raithal 72° 37' 11" 25° 34' 37" Older Alluvium 146 44 55 105* Explore bedrock Raithal Examine Aquifer 41 II(b) Jalore Jaswantpura Sindhara 72° 24' 19" 24° 57' 10" Jalore Granite 218 31 40 40 properties Examine Aquifer 42 II(b) Jalore Raniwara Chatwara 72° 8' 42" 24° 54' 36" Rhyolite 168 11 80 80 properties Explore bedrock 43 II(b) Jalore Sanchore Sarwana 71° 31' 26" 24° 43' 42" Older Alluvium 25 8 135 185* Sarwana & flow regime Khariya Examine Aquifer 44 II(b) Jodhpur Bilara 73° 44' 32" 26° 11' 28" Bilara Limestone 272 26 150 150 Meethapur properties Examine Aquifer 45 II(b) Jodhpur Bilara Malawas 73° 37' 13" 26° 25' 41" Jalore Granite 263 26 150 150 properties Younger 46 II(b) Pali Jaitaran Ghorawar 73° 59' 45" 26° 17' 47" 302 15 85 135* Explore bedrock Alluvium Examine Aquifer 47 II(b) Pali Rani Ghenri 73° 34' 15" 25° 26' 37" Erinpura Granite 312 31 50 50 properties Examine Aquifer 48 II(b) Pali Sojat Surayta 73° 31' 41" 25° 53' 29" Phyllite & Schist 244 18 60 60 properties Examine Aquifer 49 II(b) Sirohi Reodar Reodar 72° 32' 48" 24° 37' 1" Phyllite & Schist 252 25 75 75 properties & flow regime Examine Aquifer 50 III(a) Ajmer Binay Goyla 74° 57' 5" 26° 7' 8" B.G.C. 365 18 80 80 properties Examine Aquifer 51 III(a) Ajmer Peesangan Jetgarh 74° 19' 42" 26° 18' 7" Phyllite & Schist 430 29 90 90 properties Younger 52 III(a) Dausa Lalsot Kaloowas 76° 15' 8" 26° 41' 47" 309 32 60 110* Explore bedrock Alluvium

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Proximity to Estimated Estimated Average Proposed Proposed Depth to S. Hydrogeological Surface Depth to Well Exploratory Optimized ACZ District Block Village Longitude Latitude Water No. Formation Elevation Basement Depth Well Purpose Monitoring Level (m. amsl) (m. bgl) (m. bgl) Well (Village (m. bgl) name) Jalim Singh 53 III(a) Jaipur Govindgarh Kaladera 75° 36' 53" 27° 11' 58" Older Alluvium 444 33 90 140* Explore bedrock Ka Bas Younger 54 III(a) Jaipur Kotputli Kanwarpura 76° 8' 6" 27° 40' 37" 368 28 80 130* Explore bedrock Alluvium 55 III(a) Jaipur Phagi Phagi 75° 33' 7" 26° 37' 19" Older Alluvium 326 17 90 140* Explore bedrock 56 III(a) Jaipur Sambhar Na 75° 6' 52" 26° 55' 10" Older Alluvium 360 19 90 140* Explore bedrock Bhirawata 57 III(a) Tonk Deoli Dabarkalan 75° 21' 16" 25° 51' 31" Older Alluvium 314 9 50 100* Explore bedrock 58 III(a) Tonk Uniara 76° 9' 8" 25° 54' 47" Older Alluvium 273 18 60 110* Explore bedrock Examine Aquifer 59 III(b) Alwar Umren Indok 76° 23' 39" 27° 23' 40" Limestone 351 12 80 80 properties Rundh 60 III(b) Alwar Umren 76° 34' 55" 27° 31' 48" Older Alluvium 347 12 80 130* Explore bedrock Bhakhera Khera Explore bedrock 61 III(b) Bharatpur Deeg 77° 22' 54" 27° 26' 5" Older Alluvium 181 3 100 150* Brahman & flow regime Younger 62 III(b) Dausa Mahwa Sinduki 76° 56' 55" 27° 5' 29" 233 26 50 100* Explore bedrock Alluvium Explore bedrock 63 III(b) Dhaulpur Baseri Bhauhari 77° 29' 28" 26° 25' 38" Older Alluvium 178 9 100 150* Bhauhari & flow regime Explore bedrock 64 III(b) Dhaulpur Dhaulpur Jharpura 77° 51' 28" 26° 47' 28" Older Alluvium 170 23 100 150* & flow regime Examine Aquifer Bhander 65 III(b) Karauli Karauli Jamoora 77° 19' 16" 26° 44' 13" 352 11 100 100 properties & flow Garh Mandora Sandstone regime 66 III(b) Karauli Sapotra Nibhaira 76° 54' 50" 26° 11' 57" Older Alluvium 391 14 90 140* Explore bedrock 67 III(b) Karauli Sapotra Bahadarpur 77° 1' 35" 26° 20' 26" Older Alluvium 344 14 90 140* Explore bedrock Examine Aquifer 68 IV(a) Bhilwara Mandal Baddoo 74° 14' 35" 25° 36' 9" B.G.C. 524 14 140 140 properties Bhander Examine Aquifer 69 IV(a) Bhilwara Mandalgarh Manpura 75° 19' 24" 25° 10' 18" 522 13 130 130 Sandstone properties Examine Aquifer 70 IV(a) Bhilwara Shahpura Borda 74° 49' 23" 25° 37' 21" Phyllite & Schist 396 12 130 130 properties Bhander Examine Aquifer 71 IV(a) Chittor Bhainsrorgarh Barkhera 75° 37' 28" 24° 42' 28" 383 17 200 200 Rodi Sandstone properties Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 104

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Proximity to Estimated Estimated Average Proposed Proposed Depth to S. Hydrogeological Surface Depth to Well Exploratory Optimized ACZ District Block Village Longitude Latitude Water No. Formation Elevation Basement Depth Well Purpose Monitoring Level (m. amsl) (m. bgl) (m. bgl) Well (Village (m. bgl) name) Examine Aquifer 72 IV(a) Chittor Chittaurgarh Ekling Pura 74° 43' 1" 24° 56' 0" Shale 453 14 200 200 properties Bhander Examine Aquifer 73 IV(a) Chittor Nimbahera Sarsi 74° 56' 8" 24° 41' 41" 558 15 200 200 Sandstone properties Examine Aquifer 74 IV(a) Chittor Nimbahera Nawabpura 74° 43' 28" 24° 44' 58" Shale 425 15 200 200 properties Examine Aquifer 75 IV(a) Pratapgarh Chhoti Sadri Narani 74° 46' 5" 24° 24' 18" Deccan Traps 511 18 120 120 properties Examine Aquifer Bhanwar 76 IV(a) Pratapgarh Pratapgarh 74° 44' 31" 23° 59' 27" Deccan Traps 495 11 120 120 properties & flow Semla regime Examine Aquifer 77 IV(a) Pratapgarh Pratapgarh Nalwa 74° 39' 47" 24° 9' 0" Deccan Traps 368 11 120 120 properties & flow regime Examine Aquifer 78 IV(a) Sirohi Pindwara Bhavri 72° 55' 39" 24° 37' 6" Gneisses 362 21 75 75 properties & flow regime Examine Aquifer 79 IV(a) Udaipur Jhadol Madla 73° 25' 44" 24° 11' 42" Phyllite & Schist 572 9 80 80 properties & flow Madla regime Examine Aquifer 80 IV(b) Banswara Banswara Nawa Khera 74° 28' 56" 23° 25' 20" Deccan Traps 380 9 120 120 properties Examine Aquifer 81 IV(b) Banswara Banswara Bargaon 74° 23' 15" 23° 34' 26" B.G.C. 192 9 120 120 properties Examine Aquifer 82 IV(b) Banswara Garhi Kuna 74° 15' 5" 23° 31' 20" Limestone 216 7 100 100 properties Examine Aquifer 83 IV(b) Banswara Kushalgarh Bassi 74° 36' 3" 23° 10' 53" Deccan Traps 403 5 120 120 properties & flow regime Examine Aquifer Khoonta 84 IV(b) Banswara Sajjangarh 74° 18' 11" 23° 9' 51" Deccan Traps 239 7 120 120 properties & flow Roopji regime Examine Aquifer 85 IV(b) Dungarpur Dungarpur Upargam 73° 47' 30" 23° 50' 26" Phyllite & Schist 283 6 100 100 properties & flow regime

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Proximity to Estimated Estimated Average Proposed Proposed Depth to S. Hydrogeological Surface Depth to Well Exploratory Optimized ACZ District Block Village Longitude Latitude Water No. Formation Elevation Basement Depth Well Purpose Monitoring Level (m. amsl) (m. bgl) (m. bgl) Well (Village (m. bgl) name) Examine Aquifer 86 IV(b) Dungarpur Simalwara Salakhari 73° 54' 50" 23° 20' 48" Phyllite & Schist 125 18 110 110 properties Examine Aquifer 87 IV(b) Pratapgarh Peepalkhoont Dunglawani 74° 40' 48" 23° 45' 16" Deccan Traps 328 7 120 120 properties & flow Dunglawani regime Examine Aquifer 88 V Baran Antah Nawalpura 76° 22' 59" 25° 18' 34" Limestone 233 7 90 90 properties Bhander Examine Aquifer 89 V Baran Kishanganj Geedpata 76° 44' 34" 25° 7' 23" 303 8 90 90 Sandstone properties Examine Aquifer Bhander 90 V Baran Shahbad Mandi Bhonra 77° 12' 14" 25° 9' 33" 438 9 70 70 properties & flow Sandstone regime 91 V Bundi Bundi Bambori 75° 47' 40" 25° 24' 39" Older Alluvium 227 12 90 140* Explore bedrock Examine Aquifer 92 V Bundi Nainwa Laxmipura 75° 51' 36" 25° 41' 32" Phyllite & Schist 266 15 90 90 properties Examine Aquifer 93 V Jhalawar Bakani Bhanpura 76° 32' 24" 24° 20' 6" Deccan Traps 363 14 90 90 properties & flow regime Examine Aquifer 94 V Jhalawar Pirawa Kolvi 75° 57' 17" 24° 12' 15" Deccan Traps 397 20 80 80 properties & flow regime 95 V Kota Itawa Kanwarpura 76° 29' 28" 25° 31' 8" Older Alluvium 225 9 100 150* Explore bedrock Examine Aquifer 96 V Kota Khairabad Nimana 75° 59' 3" 24° 41' 6" Limestone 342 14 90 90 properties Sawai Examine Aquifer 97 V Khandar Sonkachh 76° 35' 9" 25° 54' 5" Shale 210 24 100 100 Madhopur properties * Final depth might vary according to thickness of Alluvium. Borehole should be extended 50 m bellow base of Alluvium and into the bedrock.

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12. Sample Survey of Groundwater Monitoring Stations A field verification survey of selected water level monitoring stations/ observation wells which include piezometers maintained by CGWB, RGWD and public wells mentioned by village panchayats as well as private owners was carried out by consultants in all 33 districts covering all 10 Agro climatic Zone during the period may 2011 to April 2013. The details of Peizometers and monitoring wells are given below in Table 12.1. Table 12.1 Agroclimatic Zone Wise number of Hydrograph Stations Checked in Rajasthan Agro Number S. Climatic District covered Hydrograph No. Zone Stations Checked 1 Ia Barmer, Jodhpur 18 2 Ib Ganganagar, Hanumangarh 14 Bikaner, Jaisalmer, 3 Ic 24 Churu (Ratangarh, Sardarsahar, Sujjangarh blocks) Churu (Churu, Rajgarh, Taranagar blocks) 4 IIa 30 Jhunjhunun, Nagaur, Sikar Barmer (Siwana block), Jodhpur (Bilara & Bhopalgarh 5 IIb blocks) 33 Jalore , Pali, Sirohi (Reodar, Sirohi, Sheoganj blocks) 6 IIIa Ajmer, Dausa, Jaipur, Tonk 41 Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur 7 IIIb 44 (Bonali & Bamanwas), Dausa (Mahwa block) Bhilwara, Chittaurgarh, Rajsamand, Sirohi (Abu Road, 8 IVa 48 Pindwara blocks), Udaipur Banswara, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh (Dhariawad, 9 IVb Pipalkhoont, Arnod blocks), Udaipur (Lasadiya & 26 Salumbar blocks) Baran, Bundi, Jhalawar, Kota, Sawai Madhopur (Khandar 10 V 53 & Sawai Madhopur blocks) 11 IIIa Jaipur Urban Area 15

12.1 Hydrograph Network Stations Hydrograph stations network comprises both piezometers and dug wells spread over all 33 districts of Rajasthan, belonging to Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and Rajasthan Ground Water Department (RGWD). The consultants have conducted field visits for random checks of both CGWB and RGWD hydrograph stations. The status of these hydrograph stations along with findings and suggestions for improvement are described in the following paragraphs: 12.2 Visited Hydrograph Stations The hydrograph stations were visited after necessary discussions initially with CGWB and RGWD officers at Jaipur and subsequent discussions with respective field Hydrogeologist in-charge of districts during the field visits. Locations of the hydrograph stations indicated by the area hydrogeologist were not appropriate as a

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consequence it became difficult to locate them independently in the field all over the state. After the monsoon season, the hydrograph stations in the field or along road side were found covered due to the growth of weeds and bushes that took considerable time in majority of cases to search and approach them. At times, the assistance of the local people was also not helpful, as the piezometer sites were encroached upon by local construction activities. Except some piezometers constructed & painted under EU-SPP programme, majority of the piezometers were found rusted and paint removed in some of them. CGWB piezometers (converted from exploratory tube wells) were not found properly protected by construction platform around it, while RGWD piezometers are mostly found protected by a properly constructed platform around it. Despite the best efforts made, a few piezometers remained untraceable for the want of proper location details. The list of checked hydrograph station sites is presented in Table 12.2.

Table 12.2 District-wise List of Hydrographs Station Checked in Agro Climatic Zones Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude (1) District : Jaipur 1 RGWD Premises Piezometer Sanganer IIIa RGWD 26° 52' 25" 75° 49' 11" Jaipur 2 Hathi Gaon Piezometer Jaipur IIIa RGWD 26° 59' 39" 75° 52' 47" 3 Chandwaji Piezometer Amer IIIa RGWD 27° 13' 31" 75° 56' 54" 4 Manoharpur Piezometer Shahpura IIIa RGWD 27° 18' 29" 75° 57' 05" 5 Nagal Purohit Piezometer Amer IIIa CGWB 27° 03' 39" 75° 45' 46" 6 Raja Rampur Piezometer Amer IIIa RGWD 27° 05' 33" 75° 45' 13" 7 Piezometer Govindgarh IIIa RGWD 27° 09' 49" 75° 43' 23" 8 Dhodhsar Piezometer Govindgarh IIIa CGWB 27° 18' 12" 75° 36' 59" 9 Chaksu Dugwell Chaksu IIIa RGWD 24° 24' 55" 74° 25' 43" 10 Durgapura Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 50' 33" 75° 47' 28" 11 Bassi Piezometer Bassi IIIa RGWD 26° 50' 29" 76° 02' 40" 12 Dudu Publicwell Dudu IIIa RGWD 26° 40' 00" 75° 14' 00" (2) District : Alwar 13 Kishangarh Bas Dugwell Kishangarh IIIb RGWD 27° 49' 29" 76° 43' 52" bas 14 Kishangarh Bas Piezometer Kishangarh IIIb RGWD 27° 49' 25" 76° 43' 54" bas 15 Harsauli Piezometer Kotkasim IIIb RGWD 27°52' 16 " 76° 37' 05" 16 Tatarpur Piezometer Mandawar IIIb CGWB 27° 47' 16" 76° 30' 02" 17 Jindoli Piezometer Mandawar IIIb RGWD 27° 44' 03" 76° 33' 12" 18 Baroda Meo Piezometer Kathumar IIIb RGWD 27° 28' 51" 76° 52' 16" 19 Kathumar Piezometer Kathumar IIIb RGWD 27° 19' 12" 77° 04' 44" 20 Piezometer Kathumar IIIb RGWD 27° 11' 40" 77° 02' 26" 21 Rajgarh Piezometer Rajgarh IIIb RGWD 27° 14' 23" 76° 36' 30" 22 Rajgarh Dugwell Rajgarh IIIb RGWD 27° 14' 27" 76° 36' 24" (3) District : Bharatpur 23 Piezometer Weir IIIb RGWD 27° 02' 13" 77° 03' 30" 24 Jagjivanpur Piezometer Weir IIIb CGWB 27° 01' 50" 77° 08' 07" 25 Weir Piezometer Weir IIIb CGWB 27° 01' 18" 77° 10' 02" 26 Bayana Piezometer Bayana IIIb RGWD 26° 56' 25" 77° 16' 23" 27 Kot Dugwell Bayana IIIb CGWB 26° 48' 48" 77° 25' 44"

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Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 28 Jaisora Piezometer Bayana IIIb RGWD 26° 46' 05" 77° 25' 53" 29 Halaina Piezometer Weir IIIb CGWB 27° 06' 42" 77° 08' 20" 30 Nadbai Piezometer Nadbai IIIb RGWD 27° 13' 37" 77° 11' 36" 31 Rampur Dugwell Sewar IIIb RGWD 27° 11' 16" 77° 28' 20" 32 Rampur Piezometer Sewar IIIb RGWD 27° 11' 29" 77° 28' 48" 33 Bharatpur Piezometer Sewar IIIb CGWB 27° 14' 30" 77° 29' 24" (4) District : Dhaulpur 34 Kukra Piezometer Dhaulpur IIIb RGWD 26° 44' 07" 77° 28' 59" 35 Khindora Piezometer Baseri IIIb RGWD 26° 45' 56" 77° 33' 31" 36 Bhatesar Kalan Dugwell Bari IIIb RGWD 26° 41' 09" 77° 34' 26" 37 Sar Mathura Piezometer Baseri IIIb RGWD 26° 31' 30" 77° 22' 59" 38 Dhaulpur Piezometer Dhaulpur IIIb RGWD 26° 41' 25" 77° 53' 27" 39 Dhaulpur Dugwell Dhaulpur IIIb RGWD 26° 41' 46" 77° 53' 20" 40 Bari Dugwell Bari IIIb RGWD 26° 38' 44" 77° 36' 39" 41 Bari Piezometer Bari IIIb RGWD 26° 39' 17" 77° 36' 21" (5) District : Karauli 42 Hindaun Dugwell Hindaun IIIb RGWD 26° 43' 59" 77° 01' 49" 43 M.Ibrahimpur Piezometer Hindaun IIIb RGWD 26° 49' 40" 77° 00' 50" 44 Langra Piezometer Sapotra IIIb RGWD 26° 24' 19" 77° 07' 39" 45 Karauli Piezometer Karauli IIIb RGWD 26° 28' 34" 76° 59' 38" 46 Kailadevi Dugwell Karauli IIIb RGWD 26° 20' 10" 76° 53' 29" 47 Sapotra Dugwell Sapotra IIIb RGWD 26° 17' 34" 76° 45' 08" 48 Sapotra Piezometer Sapotra IIIb RGWD 26° 18' 37" 76° 44' 43" 49 Khera Bhavpura Piezometer Karauli IIIb RGWD 26° 32' 32" 77° 10' 57" 50 Khera Bhavpura Dugwell Karauli IIIb RGWD 26° 32' 32" 77° 10' 56" 51 Karauli Piezometer Karauli IIIb RGWD 26° 28' 34" 76° 59' 38" 52 Gerakhera Piezometer Nadoti IIIb CGWB 26° 41' 19" 76° 35' 31" (6) District : Sawai Madhopur 53 Gangapur City Dugwell Gangapur IIIb CGWB 26° 28' 40" 76° 42' 38" 54 Sitor Piezometer Bamanwas IIIb RGWD 26° 30' 21" 76° 34' 08" 55 Kherli Piezometer Bamanwas IIIb RGWD 26° 29' 37" 76° 31' 24" 56 Bamanwas Dugwell Bamanwas IIIb CGWB 26° 33' 36" 76° 33' 44" 57 Kushtala Dugwell Sawai V CGWB 25° 56' 60" 76° 17' 39" Madhopur 58 Kushtala Piezometer Sawai V RGWD 25° 58' 19" 76° 17' 42" Madhopur (7) District : Sikar 59 Sargoth Piezometer Srimadhopur IIa RGWD 27° 20' 45" 75° 36' 14" 60 Ringus Piezometer Srimadhopur IIa RGWD 27° 21' 51" 75° 33' 43" 61 Bhopatpura Piezometer Piprali IIa CGWB 27° 23' 13" 75° 32' 41" 62 Bhopatpura Piezometer Piprali IIa RGWD 27° 23' 11" 75° 32' 37" 63 Bawari Piezometer Khandela IIa RGWD 27° 24' 24" 75° 30' 32" 64 Palsana Piezometer Piprali IIa RGWD 27° 29' 19" 75° 22' 10" 65 Ranoli Piezometer Piprali IIa RGWD 27° 31' 34" 75° 17' 30" 66 Gokulpura Piezometer Piprali IIa RGWD 27° 34' 35" 75° 11' 18" 67 Lachhmangarh Piezometer IIa RGWD 27° 48' 01" 75° 02' 15" (8) District : Jhunjhunu 68 Mukandgarh Piezometer Navalgarh IIa RGWD 27° 57' 44" 75° 13' 21" 69 Mandasi Piezometer Navalgarh IIa RGWD 27°57' 44" 75° 13' 21" Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 109

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Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 70 Dhigal Piezometer Navalgarh IIa RGWD 28° 02' 38" 75° 19' 29" 71 Jhunjhunu Piezometer Jhunjhunu IIa RGWD 28° 06' 59" 75° 23' 09" 72 Jhunjhunu Piezometer Jhunjhunu IIa RGWD 28° 09' 37" 75° 26' 37" 73 Khudana Piezometer Chirawa IIa RGWD 28° 11' 55" 75° 32' 13" 74 Chirawa Piezometer Chirawa IIa RGWD 28° 15' 49" 75° 38' 32" 75 Piezometer Surajgarh IIa RGWD 28° 21' 29" 75° 35' 06" (9) District : Churu 76 Chandgothi Piezometer Sardarsahar Ic RGWD 28° 21' 29" 75° 35' 06" 77 Nima Piezometer Rajgarh IIa RGWD 28° 28' 24" 75° 28' 59" 78 Hamirwas Piezometer Rajgarh IIa RGWD 28° 30' 11" 75° 28' 52" 79 Rajgarh Dugwell Rajgarh IIa CGWB 28° 38' 27" 75° 22' 29" 80 Ratanpura Piezometer Rajgarh IIa CGWB 28° 32' 06" 75° 16' 00" 81 Lakhau Piezometer Churu IIa RGWD 28° 21' 35" 75° 04' 52" 82 Churu Piezometer Churu IIa RGWD 28° 17' 43" 74° 55' 38" 83 Beenasar Piezometer Churu IIa RGWD 28° 15' 55" 74° 52' 18" 84 SardarShahar Piezometer Sardarshahar Ic CGWB 28° 26' 23" 74° 28' 30" (10) District : Nagaur 85 Kuchaman Piezometer Kuchaman IIa RGWD 26° 51' 20" 75° 47' 43" 86 Nimod Piezometer Didwana IIa RGWD 27° 14' 48" 74° 47' 01" 87 Maulasar Piezometer Didwana IIa CGWB 27° 18' 46" 74° 42' 17" 88 Nimbi Piezometer Didwana IIa RGWD 27° 20' 28" 74° 37' 27" 89 Koliya Piezometer Didwana IIa RGWD 27° 21' 07" 74° 28' 36" 90 Khuri Piezometer Degana IIa RGWD 27° 07' 32" 74° 23' 14" 91 Badi Khatu Piezometer Jayal IIa CGWB 27° 07' 31" 74° 19' 13" 92 Tarnau Piezometer Jayal IIa RGWD 27° 07' 59" 74° 07' 43" 93 Nagaur Piezometer Nagaur IIa RGWD 27° 12' 50" 73° 45' 50" (11) District : Bikaner 94 Rasisar Piezometer Nokha Ic CGWB 27° 44' 27" 73° 22' 24" 95 Pithrasar Piezometer Kolayat Ic CGWB 27° 42' 59" 73° 10' 5" 96 Kolayat Piezometer Kolayat Ic RGWD 27° 50' 51" 72° 57' 46" 97 Diyatra Piezometer Kolayat Ic CGWB 27° 47' 39" 72° 49' 03" 98 Gajner Piezometer Kolayat Ic RGWD 27° 58' 21" 73° 03' 8" 99 Nal Piezometer Bikaner Ic RGWD 28° 02' 17" 73° 12' 44" 100 Bikaner Piezometer Bikaner Ic RGWD 28° 01' 58" 73° 19' 25" 101 Bikaner Piezometer Bikaner Ic DWLR 28° 01' 15" 73° 22' 15" 102 Motigarh Piezometer Bikaner Ic CGWB 28° 29' 04" 73° 66' 39" (12) District : Ganganagar 103 Gharsana Piezometer Anupgarh Ib RGWD 28° 58' 55" 73° 03' 40" 104 Anupgarh Dugwell Anupgarh Ib CGWB 29° 11' 32" 73° 12' 32" 105 Raisinghnagar Piezometer Raisinghnagar Ib RGWD 29° 32' 35" 73° 26' 50" 106 Raisinghnagar Dugwell Ganganagar Ib CGWB 29° 32' 36" 73° 26' 51" 107 Padampur Dugwell Ganganagar Ib CGWB 29° 42' 25" 73° 37' 58" 108 Ganganagar Piezometer Ganganagar Ib RGWD 29° 56' 15" 73° 52' 15" (13) District : Hanumangarh 109 Nawan Piezometer Hanumangarh Ib RGWD 29° 38' 53" 74° 20' 40" 110 Hanumangarh Piezometer Hanumangarh Ib DWLR 29° 34' 08" 74° 19' 31" 111 Hanumangarh Dugwell Hanumangarh Ib CGWB 29° 32' 45" 74° 30' 08" 112 Tibi Piezometer Hanumangarh Ib RGWD 29° 30' 44" 74° 28' 07" 113 Rawatsar Dugwell Nohar Ib CGWB 29° 15' 56" 74° 24' 11" Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 110

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 114 Dhannasar Piezometer Nohar Ib CGWB 29° 11' 03" 74° 20' 36" 115 Dhannasar Dugwell Nohar Ib CGWB 29° 11' 15" 74° 20' 14" 116 Pallu Dugwell Nohar Ib RGWD 28° 56' 08" 74° 12' 37" (14) District : Tonk 117 Gunsi Piezometer Niwai IIIa RGWD 26° 28' 22" 75° 56' 14" 118 Moondiya Dugwell Niwai IIIa RGWD 26° 21' 44" 75° 55' 36" 119 Niwai Dugwell Niwai IIIa RGWD 26° 21' 44" 75° 55' 36" 120 Pahari Dugwell Niwai IIIa RGWD 26° 18' 54" 75° 54' 31" 121 Baroni Dugwell Tonk IIIa RGWD 26° 16' 58" 75° 53' 26" 122 Sohela Piezometer Tonk IIIa RGWD 26° 16' 58" 75° 53' 26" 123 Tonk Dugwell Tonk IIIa RGWD 26° 10' 42" 75° 48' 47" 124 Tonk Piezometer Tonk IIIa RGWD 26° 10' 29" 75° 46' 45" 125 Chandlai Dugwell Tonk IIIa RGWD 26° 06' 49" 75° 49' 01" 126 Ghas Piezometer Tonk IIIa RGWD 26° 03' 07" 75° 52' 47" 127 Dikoliya Dugwell Uniara IIIa RGWD 25° 58' 10" 75° 57' 53" 128 Uniara Piezometer Uniara IIIa RGWD 25° 55' 11" 76° 01' 11" 129 Aligarh Piezometer Uniara IIIa RGWD 25° 57' 36" 76° 04' 30" (15) District : Bundi 130 Babai Dugwell V RGWD 25° 48' 29" 76° 11' 49" 131 Lalpura Piezometer Keshoraipatan V RGWD 25° 45' 39" 76° 10' 59" 132 Dugwell Keshoraipatan V RGWD 25° 43' 36" 76° 11' 16" 133 Piezometer Keshoraipatan V RGWD 25° 40' 19" 76° 10' 59" 134 Utrana Piezometer Keshoraipatan V RGWD 25° 36' 42" 76° 07' 09" 135 Goontha Dugwell Keshoraipatan V RGWD 25° 33' 24" 76° 01' 19" 136 Gandoli Khurd Dugwell Keshoraipatan V RGWD 25° 32' 39" 75° 59' 25" 137 Khatkarh Piezometer Talera V RGWD 25° 30' 14" 75° 50' 14" 138 Rajwas Piezometer Talera V RGWD 25° 29' 47" 75° 48' 43" 139 Bundi Piezometer Talera V RGWD 25° 26' 21" 75° 38' 51" 140 Hattipura Dugwell Talera V RGWD 25° 24' 42" 75° 35' 49" 141 Hattipura Piezometer Bundi/Talera V CGWB 25° 24' 39" 75° 35' 37" 142 Neem Ka Kheda Dugwell Talera V RGWD 25° 20' 23" 75° 28' 38" 143 Megha Jhopdia Dugwell Talera V RGWD 25° 18' 16" 75° 27' 4" (16) District : Bhilwara 144 Jojwa Piezometer Mandalgarh IVa RGWD 25° 13' 32" 74° 59' 50" 145 Bigod Dugwell Mandalgarh IVa RGWD 25° 13' 32" 75° 06' 36" 146 Bigod Piezometer Mandalgarh IVa CGWB 25° 15' 51" 75° 00' 17" 147 Sawaipur Dugwell Kotri IVa CGWB 25° 18' 26" 74° 51' 38" 148 Rerwas Dugwell Kotri IVa RGWD 25° 20' 54" 74° 52' 45" 149 Kotri Piezometer Kotri IVa RGWD 25° 24' 02" 74° 53' 27" 150 Udliyas Piezometer Kotri IVa RGWD 25° 23' 10" 74° 49' 6" 151 Kodukota Dugwell Suwana IVa RGWD 25° 21' 50" 74° 45' 35" 152 Bhilwara Piezometer Suwana IVa RGWD 25° 20' 18" 74° 38' 19" 153 Bhilwara Dugwell Suwana IVa RGWD 25° 21' 22" 74° 37' 45" 154 Atoon Dugwell Suwana IVa RGWD 25° 17' 25" 74° 37' 01" (17) District : Chittorgarh 155 Chittorgarh Piezometer Chittorgarh IVa RGWD 24° 51' 26" 74° 36' 32" 156 Ahinsanagar Occhari Piezometer Chittorgarh IVa RGWD 24° 50' 31" 74° 37' 33" 157 Bassi Piezometer Chittorgarh IVa RGWD 25° 00' 49" 74° 45' 48" 158 Katunda Piezometer Begun IVa RGWD 25° 02' 59" 75° 00' 52" Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 111

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 159 Begun Piezometer Begun IVa RGWD 24° 59' 55" 75° 00' 42" 160 Baroliya Piezometer Bhainsrorgarh IVa RGWD 24° 57' 09" 75° 35' 28" 161 Bhopalsagar Piezometer Bhopalgarh IVa RGWD 24° 51' 17" 74° 12' 42" 162 Kapasan Piezometer Kapasan IVa RGWD 24° 51' 56" 74° 18' 33" 163 Singpur Piezometer Kapasan IVa RGWD 24° 55' 46" 74° 27' 19" 164 Shambupura Dugwell Chittorgarh IVa RGWD 24° 45' 06" 74° 38' 27" 165 Sawa Piezometer Chittorgarh IVa RGWD 24° 45' 19" 74° 34' 43" 166 Kanoj Piezometer Bhadesar IVa RGWD 24° 45' 15" 74° 32' 29" 167 Asawara Piezometer Bhadesar IVa RGWD 24° 38' 31" 74° 30' 01" 168 Chikarda Piezometer Bhadesar IVa RGWD 24° 35' 43" 74° 25' 43" 169 Napania Piezometer Bhadesar IVa RGWD 24° 40' 35" 74° 19' 57" (18) District : Kota 170 Jagpura Piezometer Ladpura V RGWD 25° 03' 49" 75° 52' 02" 171 Alenia Dugwell Ladpura V RGWD 25° 00' 36" 75° 54' 49" 172 Alenia Piezometer Ladpura V RGWD 25° 00' 31" 75° 54' 52" 173 Mandana Piezometer Ladpura V RGWD 24° 51' 30" 75° 56' 43" 174 Mandana Dugwell Ladpura V RGWD 24° 56' 34" 75° 56' 44" 175 Gopalpura Piezometer Ladpura V RGWD 24° 53' 51" 75° 57' 48" 176 Kalyakheri Piezometer Ladpura V RGWD 24° 52' 17" 75° 58' 22" 177 Pissahura Piezometer Sangod V RGWD 24° 58' 24" 76° 06' 07" 178 Dudiya Kheri Piezometer Ladpura V RGWD 24° 54' 07" 76° 06' 38" 179 Sangod Piezometer Sangod V RGWD 24° 56' 06" 76° 17' 30" 180 Bapawar Kalan Piezometer Sangod V RGWD 24° 56' 14" 76° 25' 50" (19) District : Baran 181 Peeplada Piezometer Baran V RGWD 25° 08' 20" 76° 29' 29" 182 Kherli (Bhadolya) Piezometer Baran V RGWD 25° 10' 11" 76° 30' 21" 183 Bohat Piezometer Antah V RGWD 25° 14' 29" 76° 30' 10" 184 Tisaya Piezometer Baran V RGWD 25° 14' 29" 76° 30' 9" 185 Koyala Piezometer Baran V RGWD 25° 12' 12" 76° 33' 04" 186 Barana Piezometer Baran V RGWD 25° 00' 59" 76° 34' 06" 187 Chhajawa Piezometer Baran V CGWB 24° 58' 51" 76° 35' 20" 188 Ardand Piezometer Atru V RGWD 24° 44' 11" 76° 16' 44" 189 Mermachah Piezometer Atru V RGWD 24° 54' 51" 76° 37' 32" 190 Atru Dugwell Atru V RGWD 24° 52' 54" 76° 40' 08" 191 Salpura Piezometer Atru V RGWD 24° 45' 35" 76° 43' 38" 192 Kawai Dugwell Atru V CGWB 24° 45' 29" 76° 44' 03" 193 Chhabra Piezometer Chhabra V RGWD 24° 40' 04" 76° 50' 36" 194 Chhabra Dugwell Chhabra V RGWD 24° 40' 03" 76° 30' 37" 195 Chhipabarod Dugwell Chhipabarod V RGWD 24° 37' 35" 76° 42' 31" (20) District : Jhalawar 196 Dugwell Manohar V RGWD 24° 24' 54" 76° 33' 58" Thana 197 Koli Piezometer Bakani V RGWD 24° 19' 23" 76° 31' 54" 198 Asalpur Dugwell Bakani V RGWD 24° 16' 16" 76° 30' 32" 199 Jhalrapatan Piezometer Jhalrapatan V RGWD 24° 32' 51" 76° 10' 14" 200 Jhalrapatan Dugwell Jhalrapatan V RGWD 24° 32' 30" 76° 10' 20" 201 Mandawar Dugwell Jhalrapatan V CGWB 24° 34' 38" 76° 14' 59" 202 Bagher Piezometer Khanpur V RGWD 24° 36' 32" 76° 16' 38" 203 Bagher Dugwell Khanpur V RGWD 24° 36' 32" 76° 16' 38" Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 112

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 204 Khanpur Piezometer Khanpur V RGWD 24° 43' 53" 76° 23' 53" 205 Bhairoopura Piezometer Khanpur V RGWD 24° 49' 48" 76° 24' 53" (21) District : Ajmer 206 Bandanwara Piezometer Bhinay IIIa RGWD 26° 07' 36" 74° 42' 04" 207 Bandanwara Dugwell Bhinay IIIa RGWD 26° 07' 24" 74° 41' 43" 208 Masuda Piezometer Masuda IIIa RGWD 26° 05' 25" 74° 31' 26" 209 Beawar Piezometer Jawaja IIIa RGWD 26° 06' 04" 74° 18' 45" 210 Bhambipura Dugwell Jawaja IIIa RGWD 25° 57' 45" 74° 13' 47" 211 Jawaja Dugwell Jawaja IIIa RGWD 25° 56' 41" 74° 12' 39" 212 Taragarh Dugwell Jawaja IIIa RGWD 25° 52' 22" 74° 08' 52" (22) District : Rajsamand 213 Beli Dugwell Bhim IVa CGWB 25° 50' 00" 74° 05' 16" 214 Sheron Ka Bala Dugwell Bhim IVa CGWB 25° 51' 35" 74° 08' 01" 215 Bhim Piezometer Bhim IVa RGWD 25° 44' 03" 74° 04' 43" 216 Bagar Piezometer Bhim IVa RGWD 25° 35' 31" 73° 54' 05" 217 Chhapli Piezometer Bhim IVa RGWD 25° 28' 30" 73° 50' 41" 218 Dewair Piezometer Bhim IVa RGWD 25° 25' 34" 73° 48' 59" 219 Amartiya Piezometer Kumbhalgarh IVa RGWD 25° 17' 04" 73° 47' 11" 220 Dhanin Piezometer Kumbhalgarh IVa RGWD 25° 14' 45" 73° 47' 42" 221 Rajnagar Piezometer Rajsamand IVa RGWD 25° 03' 42" 73° 52' 40" (23) District : Udaipur 222 Mavli Piezometer Mavli IVa RGWD 25° 03' 42" 73° 52' 40" 223 Vallabhnagar Piezometer Bhindar IVa RGWD 24° 40' 43" 73° 59' 33" 224 Khairwara Piezometer Kherwara IVa RGWD 23° 59' 02" 73° 35' 48" 225 Rishabdeo Piezometer Kherwara IVa RGWD 24° 04' 27" 73° 41' 41" 226 Parsad Piezometer Sarada IVa RGWD 24° 11' 51" 73° 42' 20" 227 Parsad Dugwell Sarada IVa RGWD 24° 11' 54" 73° 42' 28" 228 Salumbar Piezometer Salumbar IVb RGWD 24° 08' 10" 74° 02' 08" 229 Bambora Piezometer Girwa IVa RGWD 24° 50' 53" 74° 39' 15" 230 Gudli Piezometer Girwa IVa RGWD 24° 24' 46" 73° 59' 56" (24) District : Pratapgarh 231 Semarthali Piezometer Chhoti Sadri IVa RGWD 24° 26' 25" 74° 41' 41" 232 Chhoti Sadri Piezometer Chhoti Sadri IVa CGWB 24° 23' 10" 74° 42' 07" 233 Pithal Bari Kalan Piezometer Chhoti Sadri IVa RGWD 24° 23' 56" 74° 38' 14" 234 Pithal Bari Kalan Dugwell Chhoti Sadri IVa RGWD 24° 23' 40" 74° 38' 12" 235 Malawada Piezometer Chhoti Sadri IVa RGWD 24° 23' 41" 74° 43' 44" 236 Barol Piezometer Chhoti Sadri IVa RGWD 24° 18' 07" 74° 43' 53" 237 Siya Kheri Piezometer Chhoti Sadri IVa RGWD 24° 15' 01" 74° 42' 59" 238 Pratapgarh Dugwell Pratapgarh IVa RGWD 24° 15' 01" 74° 42' 58" 239 Pratapgarh Piezometer Pratapgarh IVa RGWD 24° 01' 36" 74° 47' 19" 240 Pipalkhunt Dugwell Peepalkhunt IVb RGWD 23° 48' 04" 74° 34' 19" (25) District : Banswara 241 Padikhera Sadri Dugwell Ghatol IVb CGWB 23° 46' 58" 74° 29' 17" 242 Khamera Piezometer Ghatol IVb RGWD 23° 47' 18" 74° 27' 24" 243 Senawasa Piezometer Ghatol IVb CGWB 23° 39' 43" 74° 23' 22" 244 Piezometer Ghatol IVb RGWD 23° 38' 48" 74° 23' 35" 245 Tejpur Piezometer Talwara IVb RGWD 23° 37' 11" 74° 25' 15" 246 Banswara Dugwell Talwara IVb RGWD 23° 32' 55" 74° 25' 45" 247 Talwara Piezometer Talwara IVb RGWD 23° 34' 09" 74° 19' 24" Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 113

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 248 Garhi Dugwell Garhi IVb RGWD 23° 35' 28" 74° 09' 55" (26) District : Dungarpur 249 Aspur Dugwell Aspur IVb RGWD 23° 37' 03" 74° 08' 57" 250 Aspur Piezometer Aspur IVb RGWD 23° 57' 24" 74° 04' 35" 251 Baroda Dugwell Aspur IVb RGWD 23° 54' 35" 74° 03' 33" 252 Karada Piezometer Sagwara IVb CGWB 23° 46' 24" 74° 03' 20" 253 Sagwara Piezometer Sagwara IVb RGWD 23° 40' 05" 74° 01' 35" 254 Nandor Piezometer Sagwara IVb RGWD 23° 40' 51" 73° 57' 28" 255 Dhani Upali Piezometer Sagwara IVb RGWD 23° 43' 48" 73° 53' 41" 256 Antri Dugwell Dungarpur IVb RGWD 23° 44' 04" 73° 50' 01" 257 Hiratan Piezometer Dungarpur IVb RGWD 23° 46' 26" 73° 47' 56" (27) District : Sirohi 258 Mores Dugwell Pindwara IVa RGWD 24° 24' 47" 73° 59' 55" 259 Sirohi Road Piezometer Pindwara IVa RGWD 24° 47' 31" 73° 02' 46" 260 Amli Piezometer Pindwara IVa RGWD 24° 50' 14" 73° 07' 19" 261 Jhadoli Piezometer Pindwara IVa RGWD 24° 49' 23" 73° 01' 51" 262 Birwara Dugwell Pindwara IVa RGWD 24° 50' 35" 72° 58' 41" 263 Sirohi City Dugwell Sirohi IIIb RGWD 24° 52' 26" 72° 50' 43" 264 Udd Piezometer Sirohi IIIb RGWD 24° 57' 44" 72° 46' 33" 265 Jawal Piezometer Sirohi IIIb RGWD 24° 59' 17" 72° 45' 07" 266 Barloot Piezometer Sirohi IIIb RGWD 24° 59' 39" 72° 43' 31" 267 Mohabat Nagar Dugwell Sirohi IIIb RGWD 24° 56' 21" 72° 38' 50" (28) District : Jalore 268 Jhunjhani Piezometer Bhinmal IIb RGWD 25° 03' 05" 72° 09' 45" 269 Jiran Piezometer Bhinmal IIb RGWD 25° 04' 01" 72° 07' 18" 270 Rah Piezometer Bhinmal IIb RGWD 25° 07' 08" 72° 05' 35" 271 Piezometer Bhinmal IIb RGWD 25° 12' 46" 72° 01' 30" 272 Surana Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 14' 34" 72° 08' 15" 273 Meghalwa Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 18' 29" 72° 12' 28" 274 Bautra Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 21' 13" 72° 14' 29" 275 Balera Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 20' 07" 72° 18' 57" 276 Alasan Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 20' 40" 72° 27' 03" 277 Keshwana Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 23' 58" 72° 30' 25" 278 Mandawla Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 23' 58" 72° 30' 25" 279 Balwara Piezometer Sayla IIb RGWD 25° 29' 26" 72° 32' 07" (29) District : Barmer 280 Kathari Piezometer Siwana IIb RGWD 25° 31' 27" 72° 30' 48" 281 Ramaniya Dugwell Siwana IIb RGWD 25° 33' 31" 72° 30' 19" 282 Mokalsar Piezometer Siwana IIb RGWD 25° 35' 41" 72° 30' 23" 283 Balotra Piezometer Balotra Ia RGWD 25° 47' 43" 72° 15' 07" 284 Khattu Dugwell Balotra Ia RGWD 25° 57' 44" 71° 54' 43" 285 Barmer Dugwell Barmer Ia RGWD 25° 44' 44" 71° 23' 11" 286 Bhadka Piezometer Baytoo Ia RGWD 26° 00' 47" 71° 21' 56" 287 Nimla Piezometer Sheo Ia RGWD 26° 03' 58" 71° 20' 02" 288 Bhiyar Piezometer Sheo Ia RGWD 26° 18' 54" 71° 27' 56" 289 Rateu Piezometer Baytoo Ia RGWD 26° 18' 42" 71° 29' 55" 290 Undu Piezometer Sheo Ia RGWD 26° 19' 46" 71° 40' 11" (30) District : Jaisalmer 291 Balar Piezometer Sankra Ic RGWD 26° 29' 05" 71° 48' 28" Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 114

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Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 292 Dantal Piezometer Sankra Ic RGWD 26° 33' 24" 71° 53' 04" 293 Sankra Piezometer Sankra Ic RGWD 26° 43' 54" 71° 35' 06" 294 Devikot Piezometer Sam Ic RGWD 26° 41' 39" 71° 11' 57" 295 Akal Piezometer Jaisalmer Ic RGWD 26° 49' 13" 71° 03' 12" 296 Jaisalmer CAD Piezometer Jaisalmer Ic RGWD 26° 54' 06" 70° 55' 56" 297 Chandan Piezometer Jaisalmer Ic RGWD 26° 59' 19" 71° 18' 56" 298 Lathi Piezometer Sankra Ic RGWD 27° 02' 09" 71° 30' 37" 299 Biramdeora Piezometer Sankra Ic RGWD 27° 02' 10" 71° 30' 37" 300 Gomath Piezometer Sankra Ic RGWD 26° 57' 52" 71° 53' 56" (31) District : Jodhpur 301 Khichan Dugwell Phalodi Ia RGWD 27° 07' 59" 72° 25' 05" 302 Khichan Piezometer Phalodi Ia RGWD 27° 08' 01" 72° 25' 04" 303 Piezometer Osian Ia RGWD 26° 58' 54" 72° 35' 01" 304 Samrau Dugwell Osian Ia RGWD 26° 51' 50" 72° 43' 16" 305 Bhikamkhor Dugwell Osian Ia RGWD 26° 47' 25" 72° 47' 39" 306 Nevra Piezometer Osian Ia RGWD 26° 39' 18" 72° 56' 08" 307 Mathania Piezometer Osian Ia RGWD 26° 31' 06" 72° 59' 12" 308 Rampura Piezometer Osian Ia RGWD 26° 29' 53" 72° 59' 38" 309 Manaklao Piezometer Mandor Ia CGWB 26° 26' 46" 73° 01' 09" 310 Kaparda Dugwell Bilara IIb RGWD 26° 16' 03" 73° 28' 42" 311 Bhawi Dugwell Bilara IIb RGWD 26° 13' 21" 73° 36' 28" (32) District : Pali 312 Jaitaran Piezometer Jaitaran IIb RGWD 26° 12' 13" 73° 56' 45" 313 Thakarwas Piezometer Jaitaran IIb RGWD 26° 15' 04" 73° 56' 09" 314 Birol Piezometer Jaitaran IIb RGWD 26° 15' 42" 73° 54' 43" 315 Nimbol Piezometer Jaitaran IIb RGWD 26° 18' 15" 73° 50' 56" 316 Nimbaj Piezometer Jaitaran IIb RGWD 26° 09' 09" 74° 00' 23" 317 Bar Piezometer Raipur IIb RGWD 26° 04' 38" 74° 05' 53" 318 Peepalia Piezometer Raipur IIb RGWD 26° 01' 21" 73° 56' 03" 319 Sojat City Piezometer Sojat IIb RGWD 25° 55' 12" 73° 39' 55" 320 Piezometer Sojat IIb RGWD 25° 52' 47" 73° 44' 32" 321 Bagri Piezometer Sojat IIb RGWD 25° 53' 45" 73° 47' 21" (33) District : Dausa 322 Dausa Piezometer Dausa IIIa RGWD 26° 54' 40" 76° 21' 40" 323 Manpur Piezometer Sikrai IIIa RGWD 26° 58' 22" 76° 40' 44" 324 Mahwa Piezometer Mahwa IIIa RGWD 27° 02' 58" 76° 55' 39" 325 Nangal Bersi Piezometer Dausa IIIa RGWD 25° 53' 45" 76° 47' 21" 326 Zeerota Khurd Piezometer Dausa IIIa RGWD 26° 53' 34" 76° 16' 51" 327 Bhandarej Piezometer Dausa IIIa RGWD 26° 53' 32" 76° 25' 20" 328 Bhandarej Dugwell Dausa IIIa RGWD 26° 53' 06" 76° 25' 46" 329 Alooda Piezometer Dausa IIIa RGWD 26° 48' 47" 76° 22' 56" 330 Baniyana Piezometer Dausa IIIa RGWD 26° 49' 05" 76° 18' 18" 331 Lawan Piezometer Dausa IIIa RGWD 26° 45' 56" 76° 12' 46" • Jaipur Urban Area 332 Jhalana Dungari Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 45' 57" 76° 12' 46" 333 Durgapura Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 50' 33" 75° 47' 28" 334 Shivdaspura Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 42' 40" 75° 53' 37" 335 Mohana Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 47' 58" 75° 43' 45" 336 Newata Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 48' 10" 75° 40' 35" Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 115

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Hydrograph Co-Ordinates as observed S. Location Station Block ACZ Owner by Consultant using GPS No. Type Latitude Longitude 337 Mansarovar Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 51' 38" 75° 45' 59" 338 Surya Nagar Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 52' 28" 75° 46' 41" 339 Gopalpura Bypass, Piezometer Sanganer IIIa CGWB 26° 52' 45" 75° 45' 15" Ganga-JamunaP.Pump 340 Jhotwara Piezometer Jhotwara IIIa CGWB 26° 56' 56" 75° 44' 11" 341 Niwaroo Piezometer Jhotwara IIIa CGWB 26° 58' 21" 75° 42' 46" 342 Collectorate Piezometer Jhotwara IIIa CGWB 26° 55' 37" 75° 47' 37" 343 Rotary Club Piezometer Jhotwara IIIa CGWB 26° 55' 01" 75° 47' 54" 344 Raj Bhawan Piezometer Jhotwara IIIa RGWD 26° 54' 30" 75° 47' 02" 345 Govt. Hostel Piezometer Jhotwara IIIa RGWD 26° 54' 58" 75° 48' 03" 346 Ravindra Munch Piezometer Jhotwara IIIa RGWD 26° 54' 51" 75° 49' 21"

12.3 Status of Hydrograph Network Stations Visited In order to verify the present condition of the peizometers and observation wells (monitoring station) field visit was conducted during the period may 2011 to April 2013. The verification of these locations was carried out keeping in view the following criteria. (i) Suitability of the site and its location. (ii) Platform, if constructed is in a proper condition or damaged. (iii) Peizometers properly painted or not. (iv) Peizometers caps and bolts are in proper working condition or absent. (v) Peizometers are in working condition or blocked.

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Table 12.3 Present Status of Hydrograph Stations Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (1) District : Jaipur RGWD Premises Not painted. Platform RGWD Premises DWLR. 1 Piezometer RGWD Premises Jaipur - Jaipur constructed Jaipur - Installed Not painted. Platform 2 Hathi Gaon Piezometer Near Moksh Dham Near gate of Moksh Dham 35.40 34.20 constructed Near Primary Health Centre Not painted. Platform 3 Chandwaji Piezometer Near Petrol Pump away from Petrol Pump, In 90.33 89.23 constructed school ground EU- SPP. Painted in blue colour. Platform Outside Gram Panchayat 4 Manoharpur Piezometer Gram Panchayat 61.46 60.36 DWLR. constructed near gate Installed Not painted. Platform not Nagal Purohit In premises of Cooperative 5 Nagal Purohit Piezometer 43.80 43.02 constructed Village Society EU-SPP. Piezometer Painted in blue colour. Platform On link road, outside village 6 Raja Rampur Raja Rampur Village 39.11 37.97 DWLR. constructed school Installed Not painted. Platform not Near PHED Water Opposite SDM Office by 7 Chomu Piezometer 86.04 85.17 constructed Tank the side of PHED Complex Opposite Govind Dairy on Not painted. Platform not 8 Dhodhsar Piezometer Dhodhsar village Kachha field route, close to 40.75 40.27 constructed highway Chaksu town, Kumar On Chaksu –Kothun road, 9 Chaksu Dug well Old well 14.40 13.70 well opposite poultry farm Not painted. Platform not Durgapura Campus Durgapura Campus on Tonk 10 Durgapura Piezometer - - constructed on Tonk road road Near Railway Not painted. Platform not Outside Railway station, on 11 Bassi Piezometer Station Bassi, Plate 36.50 35.02 constructed railway gate road form No.2 12 Dudu Dug well Old well Public Well Public Well 18.50 17.70

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (2) District : Alwar Near RSEB grid Near RSEB, outside on 13 Kishangarh Bas Dug well Old well 17 - Dry substation (GSS) right side Not painted. Platform not RSEB grid sub Inside premises of new 14 Kishangarh Bas Piezometer 34.31 33.64 constructed station RSEB grid sub station Not painted. Platform not Near Arrah Machine, 15 Harsauli Piezometer Village Harsauli 22.70 22.00 constructed opposite side Near temple on left side of 16 Tatarpur Piezometer Covered by grass Tatarpur village 43.20 42.20 road Not painted. Platform not 17 Jindoli Piezometer Jindoli village In Jindoli village 44.95 43.95 constructed Rusted. Not painted. Platform Not operate 18 Baroda Meo Piezometer Baroda Meo Village On road side - - not constructed able EU- SPP. Near BDO office in 19 Kathumar Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Panchayat Samiti - - DWLR. Panchayat Samiti Complex Installed On NH-11, on crossing Not painted. Platform not Kherli village, on 20 Kherli Piezometer railway gate, Bandikui-Agra 25.04 23.94 constructed. National Highway rail Line Near Hanuman Not Painted. Platform Inside BDO Office 21 Rajgarh Piezometer temple , BDO Office 33.42 32.17 constructed Complex Complex Near Shiv/Hanuman temple, Near Hanuman 22 Rajgarh Dug well Old well. Lined close to railway crossing - - Dry temple gate (3) District : Bharatpur Outside Police Station, on Casing pipe tilted. Not painted. Bhusawar village, Partially 23 Bhusawar Piezometer left side of Gate close to 13.30 12.34 Platform not constructed near Police Station damaged boundary wall Inside Primary School, near Cap very tight. 24 Jagjivanpur Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Village School - - gate Not operatable Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 118

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Not painted, Platform not 25 Weir Piezometer Weir Village In Panchayat Complex 21.05 19.99 constructed EU.SPP. Painted in green colour, 26 Bayana Piezometer In college premises In college premises 26.13 24.90 DWLR. Platform constructed Installed Kot village, near 27 Kot Dug well Old well Near Pond in village 4.80 3.34 Pond Not painted, Platform not On Bayana – Bassin road, 28 Jaisora Piezometer Jaisora Village 7.13 5.51 constructed right side, near hand pump Cap welded. Not painted. Platform not Near 94 km stone on Near farmers house in 29 Halaina Piezometer - - Water level not constructed NH-11 Agra road Tilchabi village periphery measurable Near ‘T’ junction of Khejdi Near Nadbai- Nagar 30 Nadbai Tube well Converted into Piezometer road, about 150 m distance 15.60 14.60 road junction from ‘T’ junction 59 km stone Agra road, Village well near 59 about 4 km away from Drinking water 31 Rampur Dug well Old well. Lined km stone of Agra 6.00 5.00 Bharatpur towards Jaipur well Road side On Agra road km stone Painted in green colour. New On Agra road near 58.5 opposite Chandrawati - - Cap tightly 32 Rampur Piezometer Piezometer Bharatpur group of Industries Building fitted complex Behind railway station, on Not painted. Platform not Near chungi, behind 33 Bharatpur Piezometer old tube well, on saunkh 30.60 29.92 constructed Railway station Govardhan road (4) District : Dhaulpur EU-SPP. Painted in green colour. Village kotra on road At ‘T’ junction on basson 34 Kukra Piezometer 2.80 1.90 DWLR. Platform constructed side road Installed

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Cap tightly Not painted. Platform not Near school, on road side 3 fitted. Water 35 Khindora Piezometer Khidora village - - constructed km from Baseri-Bari road level not measurable Well situated in water logged On Baseri- Bari road near 36 Bhatesar Kalan Dug well On Baseri-Bari road 0.90 0.07 area old farm before ‘T’ junction Not painted. Platform not In Hostel complex Near DSP office on Not 37 Sar Mathura Piezometer constructed. Surrounded by premises, close to local - - Karauli Road approachable bushes pond, Stones removed Inside PHED PHED Compound on Agra- 38 Dhaulpur Piezometer Covered by stones 14.20 14.15 for Compound Gwalior road measurement Inside Circuit House Close to LHS of main gate, 39 Dhaulpur Dug well In unused condition / PWD Dak 15.30 13.80 near staff quarters Bungalow Near Bus Stand in Very old dug well. Covered by 40 Bari Dug well Police Chowki In Police Chowki Campus 14.30 13.20 steel frame Campus Not painted, Platform In Krishi Upaz In Krishi Upaz Mandi, on 41 Bari Piezometer 11.81 10.86 constructed Mandi right side of the main state (5) District : Karauli Near Bus stand Nagar Palika dugwell, Drinking water 42 Hindaun Dug well Old well 3.20 2.05 Hindaun Hindaun well Inside GSS in one corner, Not painted. Platform 43 M.Ibrahimpur Piezometer Near GSS close to boundary wall on 3.70 3.45 constructed right side of gate In village Langra, Near Veterinary Hospital on 44. Langra Piezometer Rusted. Not painted 10.74 10.49 right side of road higher ground Outside Forest Near DFO office main gate 45. Karauli Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed 24.74 24.14 Department on Kailadevi road side

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Kailadevi Dug well In premises of Chandiwari Located near 46 Kailadevi Dug well Old well. Lined 2.12 .76 Chandiwari (DW) Saraf Dharamshala local stream 47 Sapotra Dug well Old well. Lined In Irrigation office In Irrigation office premises 9.40 8.52 Not painted. Platform PHED Campus near local 48 Sapotra Piezometer PHED Campus 30.25 29.15 constructed hill range Outside middle school Rusted. Not painted. Cap very Not operate 49 Khera Bhavpura Piezometer In primary school along road side Dhaulpur to - - tight able Karauli 50 Khera Bhavpura Dug well Old well. Lined Close to the school Close to the school 13.30 12.50 Outside Forest Near DFO office on New 51 Karauli Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed 26.04 25.44 Department Kailadevi road Piezometer Not painted. Platform Along road side, near 52 Gerakhera Piezometer Gerakhera village 12.01 10.83 constructed temple, Gerakhera (6) District : Sawai Madhopur Madholal, well Kanhya lal S/o Madho lal 53 Gangapur City Dug well Old well 2.35 1.60 owner Halwai well on Jaipur road On Gangapur- Lalsot road 54 Sitor Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Satod village 10.70 9.82 in village Sitod Not painted. Platform Kherli village, near On Gangapur-Lalsot road 55 Kherli Piezometer 15.65 14.57 constructed School in Govt. School Near Sheetlamata temple, 56 Bamanwas Dug well Old well Village Bamanwas village on Piplai-Garh Mora 3.50 3.10 road On Tonk - Sawai Madhopur 57 Kushtala Dug well Old well Kushtala village 13.78 12.38 road, opposite local market Outside PHED premises, Not painted. Platform PHED Premises on 58 Kushtala Piezometer near boundary wall, Megha 14.04 13.10 constructed Mega Highway Highway

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (7) District : Sikar EU – SPP. On Jaipur – Sikar road, in 59 Sargoth Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Village Sargod 45.56 44.45 DWLR. village sargod Installed By the side of BSNL Not painted. Platform not Near BSNL office 60 Ringus Piezometer Building, close to boundary 40.25 39.71 constructed Building wall Not painted. Platform not Ringus – Sikar road, 61 Bhopatpura Piezometer Bhopatpura Link road 48.50 - Dry constructed Village Bhopatpura Not painted. Platform On Ringus – Sikar On Ringus – Sikar road, 62 Bhopatpura Piezometer 47.02 46.15 constructed road, Bhopatpura inside Shamshan Not painted. GI pipe casing. No 63 Bawari Piezometer Bawari village Secondary School premises 41.95 40.35 platform After crossing the village, EU – SPP. Palsana village near Anaj Mandi and RIICO, 64 Palsana Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed 44.44 43.48 DWLR. Anaj Mandi near Laxmi Dharm Kanta Installed (Weight Machine) 65 Ranoli Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Ranoli village Ranoli village 34.03 33.19 On road link from Not painted. Platform not Near Shamshan area, on 66 Gokulpura Piezometer highway to Sikar 55.19 54.21 constructed road town Not painted. Platform On road side, before Left side of road, near old 67 Lachhamangarh Piezometer 63.13 62.17 constructed Lachhamangarh Chungi (8) District : Jhunjhunu Mukandgarh – Rusted. Not painted. Platform Near Shamshan on 68 Mukandgarh Piezometer road, at 1 50.54 49.45 not constructed Mandawa road km Mukandgarh – Jhunjhunu Rusted. Not painted. Platform 69 Mandasi Piezometer Mandesi village road, in village Charagrah, 54.64 53.91 not constructed right side road

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Rusted. Not painted. Platform Inside PHC, back of 70 Dhigal Piezometer Dhingal PHC 52.21 51.57 not constructed building Near Widow Hostel, Zila Parishad in Vicinity, Not painted. Platform 71 Jhunjhunu Piezometer on link Rasta ‘T’ Widow Hostel, Agriculture 65.30 64.62 constructed Junction office campus nearby In Beed Forest, near Beed Forest, near 8 km Not painted. Platform 72 Jhunjhunu Piezometer 8 km stone, road to stone on left of road 49.20 48.26 constructed Chirawa towards Chirawa Nirmal gaon 73 Not painted. Platform Right side of Kantli river, Khudana Piezometer Khudana, along 65.53 64.47 constructed. Without cap open on way to Khudana Kantli river EU – SPP. Chirawa town, in DWLR. In Agriculture Deptt. Chirawa Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed. Agriculture Deptt. - - Installed. 74 premises premises Premises locked BITS Pilani, Balika Play ground of Balika 75 Pilani Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed 66.51 65.92 Vidhayala Vidhayala BITS, Pilani (9) District : Churu GI casing pipe, without On road side, near Close to Shop wall, outside 76 Chandgothi Piezometer 67.27 66.62 platform. Not painted PHED premises PHED complex Not painted. Platform not Pilani – Rajgarh 77 Nima Piezometer Near GSS, by the side wall 49.20 48.12 constructed road, near GSS GI pipe not painted. Platform Rajgarh road side Outside Police Station, 78 Hamirwas Piezometer 41.10 40.37 constructed ,near Police Station along road side On Taranagar road, near 79 Rajgarh Dug well Old well Sunaron ki Kui 23.94 23.74 temple side Rasta Not painted. Platform not Rajgarh – Churu Before village entry, on 80 Ratanpura Piezometer 25.82 24.72 constructed road right side road Rajgarh – Churu 81 Lakhau Piezometer Not Painted. Platform Damaged Outside PHED Campus 36.84 35.39 road PHED Campus Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 123

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Not painted. Platform not Near Narbada Farm On road side, left, before Tightly capped. 82 Churu Piezometer - - constructed House Narbada Farm Not measurable Near GLR / PHED On road side in village, Tightly Capped. 83 Beenasar Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged - - in village block damaged Not Measurable Back side Railway station, Not Painted. Platform Not Near Railway 84 Sardarshahar Piezometer on Bikamsar road, near 39.75 38.36 Constructed Station Modern School (10) District : Nagaur Not painted. Platform 85 Kuchaman Piezometer Middle School Middle School premises 53.03 52.16 constructed Outside Primary School, Not painted. Platform Near School in 86 Nimod Piezometer near boundary, on Didwana 57.48 56.90 constructed Nimod village road Not painted. Platform not Near electric transformer, 87 Maulasar Piezometer Village Maulasar 61.26 60.88 constructed on link road Not painted. Platform On Link road to Nimbi, 88 Nimbi Piezometer Near School 36.54 35.71 constructed outside village School Near village Koliya Not painted. Platform Opposite Baldwa Hospital, 89 Koliya Piezometer on Jayal – Didwana 14.27 13.65 constructed near shahid smarak road On Sonia link road, Not painted. Platform Opposite pond and 90 Khuri Piezometer opposite pond and village 25.90 24.79 constructed school school Inside PHED Campus on Not painted. Platform not 91 Badi Khatu Piezometer PHED Campus National Highway to 93.60 92.10 constructed Nagaur By school side on Degana 92 Tarnau Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Village Tarnau 53.00 - Dry road Not painted. Platform Near nursery on Near nursery on Ladnu 93 Nagaur Piezometer 26.90 26.16 constructed Ladnu road road . Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 124

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (11) District : Bikaner Not painted. Platform Tightly bolted. 94 Rasisar Piezometer Village Rasisar Village Rasisar Piezometer - - constructed Not measurable Not painted. Platform On ‘T’ Junction, on Kolayat Located in sand 95 Pithrasar Piezometer Village Pithrasar 106.20 105.73 constructed road dune area Not painted. Platform not Forest area village On ‘T’ Junction link road, 96 Kolayat Piezometer 69.20 68.40 constructed Kolayat in Forest area Not painted. Platform Village Diyatra Outside School, on Bap Tightly bolted. 97 Diyatra Piezometer - - constructed School road Not measurable Not painted. Platform Near Navodya School on Tightly bolted. 98 Gajner Piezometer Near School - - constructed Gajner-Bikaner road Not measurable Air Force Station, Outside Fun-World Park, 99 Nal Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Nal on Bap – before railway crossing on 68.23 67.41 Bikaner road NH-15 highway to Bikaner Not painted. Platform Bhimsen Park Inside Bhimsen park under 100 Bikaner Piezometer 82.00 81.60 constructed Bikaner lock & key Not painted. Platform Akashwani Relay Center, DWLR. 101 Bikaner Piezometer Akashwani Bikaner - - constructed Bikaner, on Jaipur road Installed. Piezometer filled with sand. Rusted. Not painted. Platform On Garshana road via 102 Motigarh Piezometer Village Motigarh - - Water level in not constructed Chhatargarh nearby well 46 m bgl. (12) District : Ganganagar On ‘T’ Junction on link Not painted. Platform Opposite Police 103 Gharsana Piezometer road Opposite Police 18.27 17.45 constructed Chowki Chowki Drinking water well in Drinking water 104 Anupgarh Dug well Dug well. Lined Municipal well central part of Anupgarh 15.54 13.44 well town

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Not painted. Covered by tree Panchayat Samiti 105 Raisinghnagar Piezometer Panchayat Samiti Premises 11.57 10.57 branches Premises 106 Raisinghnagar Dug well Old well. Lined Village Well Village Well, on road side 12.15 10.65 107 Padampur Dug well Old well Village Well Near temple path in town 13.93 9.33 PHED Campus residential 108 Ganganagar Piezometer Casing pipe removed PHED Campus - - Abandoned area (13) District : Hanumangarh Not painted. Platform DWLR. 109 Nawan Piezometer Village ground Village ground 23.20 22.13 constructed Installed. Tightly capped. Not painted. Platform not Seed Corporation Mandi, 110 Hanumangarh Piezometer Agriculture Farm - - Water level not constructed near gate measurable Near Bhagat Singh Near Bhagat Singh Chowk, 111 Hanumangarh Dug well Old well 25.67 25.37 Chowk close to PHED Tube well Not painted. Platform not On link road, by the side of 112 Tibi Piezometer Near Tehsil office 15.86 15.33 constructed Tehsil office Covered by 113 Rawatsar Dug well Old well. Lined Village Rawatsar Opposite village pond 3.52 2.42 steel frame Tightly bolted. Not painted. Platform not Near PHC, outside, on 114 Dhannasar Piezometer Village Dhannasar - - Water level not constructed Rawatsar road measurable 115 Dhannasar Dug well Old well Village School Near School boundary wall 9.93 9.03 Opposite Ambika 116 Pallu Dug well Old well Village Well Mahavidhyalya in village 43.23 41.66 Pallu (14) District : Tonk Cap damaged. Not painted. Platform not Tonk road, before entry of 117 Gunsi Piezometer Village Gunsi - - Water level not constructed. village Gunsi, on right side measurable.

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Close to pond, on right side 118 Moondiya Dug well Old well Near pond in village of Jaipur-Tonk road in 6.55 6.10 village Moondiya Near Shiv mandir in 119 Niwai Dug well Old well Harizan Basti - - Dry Harizan Basti Near ‘T’ Junction Tonk 120 Pahari Dug well Old well Village Pahari Highway NH-116 to village 11.35 11.35 link road Pahari By side of Thana, on right 121 Baroni Dug Well Old Well Near Thana 3.65 3.35 of Highway NH-116 In Premises of Govt. Locked in an old pump Door locked 122 Sohela Piezometer Located inside pump house Senior Secondary - - house of School School, Sohala Over bridge construction on Dug well filled 123 Tonk Dug well Old well Near Tri junction Tri junction, dug well - - up with debris damaged Not painted. Platform not In AEN PHED official 124 Tonk Piezometer PHED complex 3.43 3.00 constructed residential complex Before entry of village Well not in 125 Chandlai Dug well Old well Village Chandlai Chandlai on Tonk road- 2.20 1.72 use. Uniara road on LHS Bolt damaged. Not painted. Platform not On Tonk-Uniara road side, 126 Ghas Piezometer Village Ghans - - Water level not constructed near village measurable. At ‘T’ junction of Tonk- 127 Dikoliya Dug well Old well Village well Uniara road and village 5.60 5.30 Dhikolia, on LHS Not painted. Platform not On road side, road Uniara to 128 Uniara Piezometer On road side 2.15 1.38 constructed Aligarh Near Krishi Sewa Not capped 129 Aligarh Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Near Krishi Sewa Kendra - - Kendra filled with sand Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 127

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (15) District : Bundi Opposite Forest Near Hanuman mandir in 130 Babai Dug well Old well 10.90 9.30 Department village Babi Opposite Primary 131 Lalpura Piezometer Eroded. Platform constructed Opposite Primary School 11.87 11.21 School Opposite nagar palika, Opposite nagar 132 Indergarh Dug well Old baori Ambedkar Bhawan, on 7.74 5.94 palika Bundi road side Not painted. Platform not In Senior Secondary School Not capped 133 Lakheri Piezometer In School premises - - constructed premises, Lakhery filled with sand Not painted. Platform not Secondary School Used for 134 Utrana Piezometer Secondary School premises - - constructed premises drinking water On road side, used as 135 Goontha Dug well Old well On road side irrigation well with diesel 5.38 5.04 engine 136 Gandoli Khurd Dug well Public well Public Well Public Well 6.93 5.83 Not painted. Platform not 137 Khatkarh Piezometer PWD premises PWD premises 5.55 5.11 constructed Not painted. Platform not Near temple, school Near temple, school gate on 138 Rajwas Piezometer 4.35 4.25 constructed gate Bundi road Not painted. Platform Near DFO office 139 Bundi Piezometer Inside DFO office near gate 13.53 12.40 constructed Bundi In Gram Sewa In Gram Sewa Sahakari 140 Hattipura Dug well Old well Sahakari Samiti 6.74 6.24 Samiti premises premises Not painted. Platform 141 Hattipura Piezometer Hattipura village Hattipura village 7.33 6.17 constructed Near house of Near house of Prabhu lal 142 Neem ka Kheda Dug well Old well 8.15 7.65 Prabhu lal saini saini

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station In field of farmer Irrigation well. Owner Prabhu 143 Megha Jhopdia Dug well badana on RHS road Farmers field 8.35 7.83 Lal Saini to Bijoligan (16) District : Bhilwara Near tea shop on Near tea shop on RHS of 144 Jojwa Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged 14.87 14.58 road side RHS road 145 Bigod Dug well Old well Bigod village well Bigod village well 10.78 9.98 Not painted. Platform On PHED Office In PHED JEN Office 146 Bigod Piezometer 5.70 5.14 constructed Campus Campus On Mandalgarh Bhilwara Drinking water 147 Sawaipur Dug well Public well Public well 6.53 6.18 road, village Public well well At ‘T’ junction village link Rerwas dug well in 148 Rerwas Dug well Old well road from Kotri-Swaipur 10.00 10.00 farmers field road Not painted. Platform not PHED Office JEN’s PHED Office 149 Kotri Piezometer 5.83 5.63 constructed Premises Premises Near bus stop for At ‘T’ junction from Kotri- Not painted. Platform 150 Udliyas Piezometer Udlias village on Bhilwara road to Udlias link 5.65 5.37 constructed Kotri-Bhilwara road road Village Nohra at 151 Kodukota Dug well Old well turning point of Village Nohra 4.17 3.77 Kothi-Bhilwara road Girls College Seth Murlidhar Girls DWLR. 152 Bhilwara Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed - - premises College, near library block Installed In Santoshi Mata In Santoshi Mata mandir 153 Bhilwara Dug well Old well mandir near railway 1.93 1.43 premises line Irrigation well of Irrigation well of Thakur 154 Atoon Dug well Old well. Lined 3.80 2.98 village Thakur rawla .

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (17) District : Chittorgarh DWLR. Not painted. Platform RGWD Office RGWD Office premises Installed water 155 Chittorgarh Piezometer - - constructed premises, new Pz near boundary wall level in old Pz 3.44m bgl Ahinsanagar Not painted. Platform Near gate of Near gate of Ahins nagar, 156 Piezometer 2.25 1.14 Occhari constructed Ahinsanagar Jain Ashram Rusted. Not painted. Platform PHED Premises, PHED Premises, near GLR, 157 Bassi Piezometer 1.68 1.51 not constructed near GLR in corner Not painted. Platform Near petrol pump on Near petrol pump on 158 Katunda Piezometer 4.75 4.43 constructed Katunda Modh Katunda Modh Not painted. Platform not SDM office premises SDM office premises on left 159 Begun Piezometer - - Bolt damaged constructed Begun side of gate, Begun By side of Gram Not painted. Platform By side of Gram Panchayat 160 Baroliya Piezometer Panchayat Office, on 8.03 7.16 constructed Office, on Kota road RHS Kota road Not painted. Platform 161 Bhopalsagar Piezometer PHED premises PHED premises inside gate 1.10 0.74 constructed Not painted. Platform not Panchayat Samiti Behind BDO Office in PS 162 Kapasan Piezometer 5.75 5.43 constructed Office complex complex Not painted. Platform 163 Singpur Piezometer Outside gate of GSS Outside gate of GSS 4.85 3.81 constructed On road side, NH-8, close 164 Shambupura Dug well Old well On road side, NH-8 9.80 9.80 to Bherunath Bhojnalaya Rusted. Not painted. Platform Old Panchayat Filled with 165 Sawa Piezometer Old Panchayat premises - - not constructed premises debris Opposite Aurvedic Rusted. Not painted. Platform Opposite Aurvedic Filled with 166 Kanoj Piezometer Hospital, Kanoj - - not constructed Hospital, at ‘T’ Junction debris village Rusted. Not painted. Platform Near Veterinary Near Veterinary Hospital, at Filled with 167 Asawara Piezometer - - not constructed Hospital ‘T’ junction debris Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 130

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Near gate of Gopal Not painted. Platform 168 Chikarda Piezometer Near Goshala Goshala,on Nimbahera- 5.35 4.48 constructed Mangalwar road On opposite of Nepania village on Not painted. Platform 169 Napania Piezometer National Highway On National Highway LHS 12.46 11.64 constructed Chittorgarh – Udaipur LHS (18) District : Kota In Primary School premises, 170 Jagpura Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Primary School near Police Barrier on 4.80 3.03 Jhalawar road Drinking water 171 Alenia Dug well Old well Public well Public well 2.98 1.88 well Not painted. Platform 172 Alenia Piezometer Indraprast College Indraprast College 3.28 2.48 constructed Not painted. Platform Inside Sub Tehsil 173 Mandana Piezometer Inside Sub Tehsil Office 11.42 10.12 constructed Office Near Veterinary 174 Mandana Dug well Old well Near Veterinary Hospital 3.52 2.82 Hospital EU-SPP. 175 Gopalpura Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Village School Village School Premises 12.20 11.31 DWLR. Installed EU-SPP. Near PHC Center, adjoining 176 Kalyakheri Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Near PHC Center 3.59 2.53 DWLR. school in same premises Installed. Village Pissahera Village School premises, no Casing pipe 177 Pissahura Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed 3.11 2.26 School block boundary tilled Not painted. Platform 178 Dudiya Kheri Piezometer Near Devi temple Near Devi temple gate 13.69 12.770 constructed 179 Sangod Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Village Sagod PWD EE Office Sagod 23.50 22.68 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 131

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Not painted. Platform Village Bapaur, near 180 Bapawar Kalan Piezometer Near Thana on Baran road 16.52 15.96 constructed Thana (19) District : Baran Not painted. Platform Inside school On road side school 181 Peeplada Piezometer 5.57 4.41 constructed premises premises Rusted. Not painted. Platform 182 Kherli (Bhadolya) Piezometer On road side On road side 2.55 2.05 constructed Opposite Govt. Rusted. Not painted. Platform Opposite Govt. Secondary 183 Bohat Piezometer Secondary School 10.00 9.24 constructed School gate gate Not painted. Platform On Baran-Koela On Baran-Koela road near 184 Tisaya Piezometer 4.50 3.65 constructed road, near village village Not painted. Platform In School premises, In School premises, outside 185 Koyala Piezometer 15.58 14.97 constructed outside village village Not painted. Platform Inside middle school, on 186 Barana Piezometer Inside middle school, 23.07 22.27 constructed Chhabra road Not painted. Platform not Primary School on Chhabra 187 Chhajawa Piezometer Primary School 21.80 21.38 constructed road Not painted. Platform Senior Secondary 188 Ardand Piezometer Senior Secondary School 17.70 Dry constructed School Not painted. Platform Filled with 189 Mermachah Piezometer Primary School Primary School - - constructed debris 190 Atru Dug well Old well In Tehsil premises In Tehsil premises 4.00 3.50 Not painted. Platform Power House on Inside Power House near 191 Salpura Piezometer 21.19 20.62 constructed Khanpura road gate, Khanpur-Bapaur road In Dataytra Ashram, 192 Kawai Dug well Old well. Lined At ‘T’ junction in Ashram 7.30 6.50 Kawai town Not painted. Platform Panchayat Samiti 193 Chhabra Piezometer Panchayat Samiti Complex 13.95 13.17 constructed Complex Inside Panchayat 194 Chhabra Dug well Old well Inside Panchayat Samiti 11.60 10.95 Samiti Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 132

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station 195 Chhipabarod Dug well Old well Inside Police Station Inside Police Station 10.22 9.44 (20) District : Jhalawar Inside Bungalow of Inside Bungalow of Session 196 Aklera Dug well Old well. Lined Session Judge, 3.35 2.95 Judge, Aklera Aklera Not painted. Platform Near Old School Building Filled with 197 Koli Piezometer Near School - - constructed on main road debris Located inside Near ‘T’ junction on Bakani 198 Asalpur Dug well Old well Village Asalpur 6.45 5.91 Radha Swami road RHS Ashram Not painted. Platform 199 Jhalrapatan Piezometer Panchayat Samiti Panchayat Samiti 7.45 6.58 constructed 200 Jhalrapatan Dug well Old well Market road Market road 1.21 0.73 Opposite Forest 201 Mandawar Dug well Old well Opposite Forest complex 1.60 1.20 complex 202 Bagher Dug well Old well On Khanpur road On Khanpur road 1.60 1.20 Not painted. Platform Opposite Shiv 203 Bagher Piezometer Opposite Forest Complex 3.60 3.09 constructed mandir In Panchayat Samiti Not painted. Platform In Panchayat Samiti 204 Khanpur Piezometer Complex, near Chabutara 5.40 4.66 constructed Complex platform Not painted. Platform not Inside Primary 205 Bhairoopura Piezometer Inside Primary School 11.33 10.79 constructed School (21) District : Ajmer Not painted. Platform 206 Bandanwara Piezometer Inside PHED Office Inside PHED Office JEN 1.66 1.35 constructed Inside Dak 207 Bandanwara Dug well Old well Inside Dak Bungalow 3.20 3.07 Bungalow Not painted. Platform Inside DIET Campus, near 208 Masuda Piezometer Inside DIET Campus 2.30 1.71 constructed gate

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Not painted. Platform Irrigation Office, Irrigation Office, Chang 209 Beawar Piezometer 10.81 10.06 constructed Chang gate, Beawar gate RHS of Ajmer-Udaipur 210 Bhambipura Dug well Old well Village Bhambipura 4.63 3.95 road in farmer field Opposite Panchayat LHS of Ajmer-Udaipur 211 Jawaja Dug well Old well 2.96 1.81 Samiti quarters road, Opposite PS quarters Near nallah, RHS of Ajmer-Udaipur 212 Taragarh Dug well Old well 0.81 0.37 Taragarh road, near nallah (22) District : Rajsamand 213 Beli Dug well Old well Near Tejaji temple Near Tejaji temple 5.60 5.10 RHS of NH-79, in Farmer field, opposite 214 Sheron ka Bala Dug well Old well Farmer field, 2.58 2.22 culvert 89/3 opposite culvert 89/3 Not painted. Platform RHS of NH-79 near RHS of NH-8 near Dak 215 Bhim Piezometer 3.26 2.74 constructed Dak Bungalow Bungalow/AEN office Not painted. Platform not Near Toll gate Near Toll gate, inside 216 Bagar Piezometer 2.05 1.41 constructed towards village school Not painted. Platform Inside Dak Bungalow 217 Chhapli Piezometer Dak Bungalow 7.02 5.70 constructed Chhapli Not painted. Platform Opposite PWD gang hut on 218 Dewair Piezometer Opposite PWD Store 7.68 7.02 constructed RHS of NH-79 chorah Outside Dak Bungalow on Not painted. Platform Near PWD gang hut 219 Amartiya Piezometer RHS of NH-79 near Gomati 6.51 5.76 constructed near Gomati chorah chorah Near Secondary School gate Village School, 220 Dhanin Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged and also opposite Primary 10.92 10.58 Dhanin School nearby EU- SPP. Paint eroded. Platform not Near EE/PHED Near gate of EE/PHED 221 Rajnagar Piezometer - - DWLR. constructed office, Rajnagar office Installed . Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 134

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (23) District : Udaipur Inside Tehsil Office/Sub Tehsil Office 222 Mavli Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Magistrate court complex, 5.43 4.86 Premises near Sabha Bhawan Rusted. Not painted. Platform 223 Vallabhnagar Piezometer Dak Bungalow Inside Dak Bungalow 1.76 1.33 not constructed Rusted. Not painted. Platform Range Forest office, 224 Khairwara Piezometer Range Forest office 8.89 8.47 not constructed Khairwara In Secondary School Rusted. Not painted. Platform Secondary School Not properly 225 Rishabdeo Piezometer premises, on LHS of gate 8.06 7.79 not constructed premises protected near boundary wall Not painted. Platform In side PWD Rest House, 226 Parsad Piezometer PWD Rest House 11.33 10.80 constructed on LHS of safe In market on road Jain Dw between shops and 227 Parsad Dug well Old well 8.10 7.70 side Agriculture land Not painted. Platform not Adim Jati Inside Adim Jati 228 Salumbar Piezometer 6.24 5.24 constructed Chhatralaya Chhatralaya, near gate, RHS Not painted. Platform not Near gate-2 of Secondary 229 Bambora Piezometer Secondary School 4.27 8.84 constructed School Bambora Panchayat Ghar Old Panchayat Ghar on Not painted. Platform 230 Gudli Piezometer (Two Panchayat Bambora – Debari road, ‘T’ 7.05 6.26 constructed Ghar –New and Old) Junction Gudli (24) District : Pratapgarh Opposite Rajiv Gandhi Not painted. Platform not 231 Semarthali Piezometer Middle School Sewa Kendra, Near School 38.17 36.97 constructed and Hillock Baori near SBBJ Baori near SBBJ Bank, 232 Chhoti Sadri Dug well Old well 6.28 6.28 Bank Chhoti Sadri Filled with 233 Pithal Bari kalan Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Village School Village School - - debris

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Amir Mohammad well 234 Pithal Bari kalan Dug well Old well Pvt. Irrigation well 9.07 8.57 infield, near village On Neemuch road, On Neemuch road RHS Not painted. Platform 235 Malawada Piezometer before Malwada before entry to Malawada 52.97 52.14 constructed entry village Tightly capped. Not painted. Platform On Chittorgarh-Pratapgarh 236 Barol Piezometer Primary School - - Water level not constructed road in village School measurable. Tightly capped. Rusted. Not painted. Platform Outside gate of GSS, on 237 Siya kheri Piezometer GSS Siyakheri - - Water level not not constructed RHS to road measurable Baori mamaji ki, near bus 238 Pratapgarh Dug well Old well Baori mamaji ki 6.70 6.20 stand Pratapgarh Not painted. Platform Panchayat Samiti RHS of Panchayat Samiti 239 Pratapgarh Piezometer 4.13 3.46 constructed premises gate entry On Pipalkhunt-Dhanpur 240 Pipalkhunt Dug well Old well. Lined Near School road, LHS near School, near 0.90 0.60 Nallah (25) District : Banswara Located near nallah. 241 Padihera Sadri Dug well Old well Near Nallah Near Nallah 1.93 1.13 Improper location Rusted. Not painted. Platform Near Primary Health Centre 242 Khamera Piezometer Near PHC 4.16 3.47 constructed on LHS of Banswara road Bolt damaged. Not painted. Platform Near Gram Near Gram Panchayat, on 243 Senawasa Piezometer - - Water level not constructed Panchayat LHS of Banswara road measurable On Banswara road, Filled with 244 Udpura Piezometer Rusted. Not painted. On Banswara road, LHS - - LHS debris

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station On Banswara road, Not painted. Platform Canal crossing/culvert Site 245 Tejpur Piezometer near Canal 7.03 6.28 constructed in village Tejpur crossing/culvert LHS Near College Canteen, Boys 246 Banswara Dug well Old well. Lined Govt. College 6.14 5.04 College Outside Primary Health Not painted. Platform Platform 247 Talwara Piezometer PHC Center, near Panchayat 2.70 2.24 constructed covered by soil Samiti Near Gram Panchayat in 248 Garhi Dug well Old well Market area Dry - Unused Market (26) District : Dungarpur Gayatri Shakti Peeth Gayatri Shakti Peeth temple 249 Aspur Dug well Old well (Baori) 1.40 1.20 temple complex complex Tehsil/Panchayat Samiti 250 Aspur Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Tehsil premises premises, behind Tehsil 11.20 10.36 office 251 Baroda Dug well Old well. Lined Baroda village Baroda village 1.70 1.70 Karada village, location not 252 Karada Piezometer Covered under dense bushes Karada village found even after interaction - - Untraceable with villagers Rusted. Not painted. Platform Tehsil Campus, inside in 253 Sagwara Piezometer Tehsil Campus 7.35 7.17 not constructed front of main gate Not painted. Platform Inside Secondary School on 254 Nandor Piezometer Secondary School 2.56 2.09 constructed LHS of gate Not painted. Platform Inside Primary School , 255 Dhani Upali Piezometer Primary School 12.8 11.93 constructed LHS of gate In Market, Opposite In Market, Opposite 256 Antri Dug well Old well 2.1 1.53 Hanuman Temple Hanuman Temple Secondary School, near Not painted. Platform 257 Hiratan Piezometer Secondary School stairs in a corner, right side 3.60 3.10 constructed of gate Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 137

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station (27) District : Sirohi Udaipur-Pindwara National Highway Farmer Amir Mohammed 258 Mores Dug well Old well. Lined (NH 27), Farmer 2.65 2.65 Well in village Mores Amir Mohammed Well Not painted. Platform 259 Sirohi Road Piezometer PHED Campus PHED Campus 3.00 2.10 constructed Rusted. Not painted. Platform Rajiv Gandhi Sewa Rajiv Gandhi Sewa Kendra 260 Amli Piezometer 5.50 4.63 damaged Kendra Premises Premises Village Jhadoli, along Rusted. Not painted. Platform 261 Jhadoli Piezometer Village Jhadoli boundary wall of Ambe 5.00 4.17 not constructed stores Near Mobile Tower, Village Near Mobile Tower 262 Birwara Dug well Old well Birwasa, on Sirohi- 4.00 2.32 Village Birwasa Pindwara Highway Near Sant Paul Near Sant Paul School on 263 Sirohi City Dug well Old well. Lined 5.5 4.8 School Sirohi-Anodara road Near Gov. Outside Govt. Secondary Not painted. Platform Secondary School School boundary wall, 264 Udd Piezometer 20.04 18.84 constructed boundary wall, Sirohi- (Jalore Outside Road) Opposite Higher Not painted. Platform Opposite Higher Secondary 265 Jawal Piezometer Secondary School, 30.34 29.19 constructed School, Jawal Jawal Exploratory LMS of road before Not painted. Platform LMS of road before entry tube well 266 Barloot Piezometer entry into village 21 20.7 constructed into village Barlut converted into Barlut Piezometer

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Village Mohabatnagar on Village 267 Mohabat Nagar Dug well Old well road side before entry to 15.01 14.66 Mohabatnagar village (28) District : Jalore Pz cap absent Rusted. Not painted. Platform Near gate of Rajiv Near gate of Rajiv Gandhi 268 Jhunjhani Piezometer - - Filled with not constructed Gandhi School School debris Inside GSS, old Pz Not painted. Platform New GSS, outside GSS, 269 Jiran Piezometer abandoned , new Pz - - Dry constructed Jiran village outside GSS Not painted. Platform Near Dargah Sharif, Near Dargah Sharif, village 270 Rah Piezometer 73.47 72.49 constructed village Rah Rah Bolt tightly Rusted. Not painted. Platform Inside Old PHED camp, fitted. Water 271 Bagoda Piezometer Old PHED Campus - - not constructed village Bagora level not measurable New Pz, Surana to In Gochar land, 0.50 km EU-SPP. 272 Surana Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Jalore road, in from village Surana on RHS 58.5 57.67 DWLR. Gochar of road Installed Village Road, Village road, Kachha, Rusted. Not painted. Platform Kachha bifurcating Filled with 273 Meghalwa Piezometer bifurcating in village - - not constructed from Balotra road in debris Mangalwa from main road village Mangalwa Near PHED campus, Outside village on road side Rusted. Not painted. Platform 274 Bautra Piezometer on road side to to Sayala , PHED water 87.4 86.63 damaged Sayala works Rusted. Not painted. Platform On Sayala road near On Sayala road near village Filled with 275 Balera Piezometer - - damaged village Balera Balera debris Bolt tilled. No Not painted. Platform On western corner of 276 Alasan Piezometer Near Kabristan 45 43.96 smooth constructed Kabristan, on Jalore road operation Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 139

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Near Mahadev Near Mahadev temple, Not painted. Platform 277 Keshwana Piezometer temple, on Kachra behind KVK, 2 km Kachra 56.2 55.1 constructed road road near pond Hanuman Talab, Rusted. Not painted. Platform near pond Hanuman Filled with 278 Mandawla Piezometer in vicinity Jain Zahaj - - not constructed Talab debris Temple Rusted. Not painted. Platform Bolt absent. Pz 279 Balwara Piezometer Inside GSS Inside GSS 47.8 47.18 not constructed open (29) District : Barmer Outside Sanskrit Outside Sanskrit School, on 280 Kathari Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed 80.26 79.12 School Siwana- Jalore Road Near GLR, PHED, in 281 Ramaniya Dug well Old well. Lined Near GLR, PHED 19.45 18.17 village Ramniya Rusted. Not painted. Platform Near Anganwadi, Mokalsar Bolt absent. Pz 282 Mokalsar Piezometer Near Anganwadi 37 35.94 constructed , nearby nallah open Near road crossing of Not painted. Platform Near Housing Board Highway and Asotra road, 283 Balotra Piezometer 35.7 34.55 constructed Colony, on road side away from Housing Board Colony Khattan village well, Khattan village well, near 284 Khattu Dug well Old well 21.1 20.1 near Shamshan Shamshan Joshi ka Mohalla, inside 285 Barmer Dug well Old well. Lined Joshi ka Mohalla 32.66 31 Barmer City In the house premises of Bhadka village, in Samla Ram Choudhary on Rusted. Not painted. Platform the house premises 286 Bhadka Piezometer LHS of Barmer Jaisalmer 78.65 77.94 constructed on road side to road, Piezometer Sign Jaisalmer Board erected on road side Not painted. Platform on road side from Nimbla to 287 Nimla Piezometer Nimbla village 97.73 96.75 constructed Nagorda

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Road 288 Bhiyar Piezometer Piezometer covered by road Bhiyad village Bhiyad village - - constructed on Piezometer In private agriculture Not painted. Platform 289 Rateu Piezometer farm on Bhiyad - In famer field Tan Singh 69.1 68.29 constructed Undu road Behind Primary School and Filled with Not painted. Platform 290 Undu Piezometer Near school Veterinary Hospital , on - - debris below 60 constructed Kashmir link road m depth (30) District : Jaisalmer Not painted. Platform Balan village, on Bhikorai – 291 Balar Piezometer Balar village 14.67 14.04 constructed Balar road Not painted. Platform 292 Dantal Piezometer Dantal village Near big pond of the village 2.83 2.27 constructed Sankra town on Bhiniyana - Not painted. Platform 293 Sankra Piezometer Sankra village Devikot road, near 7.69 6.9 constructed Panchayat Bhawan Filled with Near PHED campus on 294 Devikot Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Devikot village - - debris below Jaisalmer road 18m depth Opposite school, at link Rusted. Not painted. Platform 295 Akal Piezometer Akal village road from NH 15 to village 83.16 82.43 not constructed Akal Tightly fitted CAD colony cap. Water 296 Jaisalmer CAD Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Near GLR in CAD colony - - Jaisalmer level not measurable Tightly fitted Rusted. Not painted. Platform By the side of Ayurvedic cap. Water 297 Chandan Piezometer Chandan village - - not constructed Hospital level not measurable Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 141

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station T' junction NH 15 to MES Not painted. Platform 298 Lathi Piezometer on MES road road, opposite Swagat 49.15 48.15 constructed Restaurant on NH 15 Not painted. Platform Near dugwell of 299 Biramdeora Piezometer Biramdevra village 37.2 36.35 constructed Biramdevra village Not painted. Platform Near BSF campus gate No. 300 Gomath Piezometer Gomath village 46.72 45.19 constructed 2, on Bikaner road LHS (31) District : Jodhpur 301 Khichan Dug well Old well. Lined Kichan village Near Hanuman Temple 24.84 23.59 Not painted. Platform In premises of Hanuman Filled with 302 Khichan Piezometer Kichan village - - constructed temple on Nagaur road debris On village link road from 303 Lohawat Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Lohawat village 105.06 103.88 Phalodi - Osian road Link road crossing railway 304 Samrau Dug well Old well Samrau village gate, Samarau on village 75.66 73.96 road Harlaya Crossing railway gate, on 305 Bhikamkhor Dug well Old well Bhikamkor village - - Dry Kacha path Not painted. Platform not 306 Nevra Piezometer Nevra village Inside village school, Nevra - - Dry constructed Krishi Mandi not 307 Mathania Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Krishi Mandi operational in left corner 66.85 66.17 from gate Agriculture Farm, opposite Not painted. Platform 308 Rampura Piezometer Agriculture Farm Agriculture office on 124.11 123.33 constructed Matharica road PHED Campus, water Not painted. Platform Bolt slightly 309 Manaklao Piezometer PHED Campus works inside campus, near 11.00 10.35 constructed tilled gate Pvt. Well of Thakur Chain 310 Kaparda Dug well Old well. Lined Pvt. Well 12.35 11.85 Singh, Kaparda village Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 142

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station 311 Bhawi Dug well Old well. Lined Pvt. Well Pvt. Well, Sawal Mali 39.05 38.55 (32) District : Pali In residential colony of 312 Jaitaran Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Panchayat Samiti 35.34 32.95 Panchyat Samiti Bolt absent. Rusted. Not painted. Platform 313 Thakarwas Piezometer Goshala Bara Goshala Bara - - Filled with constructed debris Filled with Rusted. Not painted. Platform Boys Secondary 314 Birol Piezometer In School in Playground - - debris below not constructed School 23.80 m depth Filled with Rusted. Not painted. Platform 315 Nimbol Piezometer Secondary School In Secondary School - - debris below not constructed 40 m depth Not painted. Platform not Pumping Station PHED Pumping Station , 316 Nimbaj Piezometer 35.09 34.42 constructed PHED Nimbaj Filled with Painted. Platform not 317 Bar Piezometer PHED Campus PHED Campus, JEN Office - - debris below 8 constructed m depth Bolt inclined. Painted. Platform not 318 Peepalia Piezometer PHED Campus PHED Campus - - Not constructed measurable Painted. Platform not Residential Colony of 319 Sojat City Piezometer Panchayat Samiti 24.85 24.19 constructed Panchayat Samiti Not painted. Platform not Filter Plant , LHS of gate Cap / Bolt 320 Sojat Road Piezometer Filter Plant PHED 38.02 37.28 appropriate inside absent Not painted. Platform not DIET Campus RHS inside 321 Bagri Piezometer DIET Campus 45.45 44.74 constructed gate (33) District : Dausa Inside State Inside State Insurance 322 Dausa Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed Insurance Building Building Complex, Agra 7.53 7.18 Complex road NH-11 Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 143

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station 300 m NNW of Completely Rusted. Not painted. Platform 323 Manpur Piezometer Govt. Girls Middle Inside Sanskrit School - - filled with not constructed School debris Not painted. Platform not Inside Govt.Senior 324 Mahwa Piezometer Inside School 31.62 31.4 constructed Secondary School Painted. Platform not Govt. Secondary School, 325 Nangal Bersi Piezometer Secondary School 20.5 19.67 constructed Inside, near gate RHS Inside Gram Sewa Sahkari Not painted. Platform not 326 Zeerota Khurd Piezometer Zerota Village Samiti premises, Zerota 13.81 12.78 constructed Khurd Outside PHC, near Not painted. Platform not 327 Bhandarej Piezometer PHC Bhandarej boundary wall, on link road 10.8 9.8 constructed from NH-11 Market street, abandoned 328 Bhandarej Dug well Old well Village Bhandarej - - Dry dug well Completely 329 Alooda Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Primary School Primary School - - filled with debris Opposite Rajiv Gandhi Painted. Platform not 330 Baniyana Piezometer Baniyana village Kendra near Nursing 7.15 6.32 constructed College Close to boundary wall of Not painted. Platform not 331 Lawan Piezometer PHED Campus PHED Campus inside on 40.90 40.72 constructed outer periphery of village ••• Jaipur Urban Area Exploratory Not painted. Platform not tube well 332 Jhalana Dungari Piezometer In CGWB office In CGWB office premises 53.39 52.58 constructed converted into Piezometer

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station In Campus of In Campus of Durgapura Located in Durgapura 333 Durgapura Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Agriculture Farm on Tonk 56.40 55.60 Amani Shah Agriculture Farm on road, near Farm gate Nallah Zone Tonk road LHS of Jaipur- LHS of Jaipur-Chaksu road, 334 Shivdaspura Dug well Old well Chaksu road, near 22.30 21.98 near Hanuman temple Hanuman temple on link road 200 m of main About 200 m north road Sanganer to Mohana, of village, ner Gusai Not painted. Platform not north of village Mohana, 335 Mohana Piezometer Maharaj Samadhi, on 42.80 41.83 constructed near Gusai Maharaj the fringe of Samadhi, on the fringe of abandoned tank abandoned tank RHS of Newata-Khatwar RHS of Newata- Burried under road, new newly 336 Newata Piezometer Not traceable Khatwar road, about - - new constructed wall of Jaipur 500 m from village construction Xavier Accociation plot Adjacent to Sector 8 Same but more popular in Located in Not painted. Platform overhead tank, 337 Mansarovar Piezometer vicinity of Police Thana, 45.20 44.29 Amani Shah constructed opposite to House opposite side Nallah Zone No. 80/432 Located in In the premises of In the Park area of Govt. Amani Shah Not painted. Platform not Govt. Primary Primary School premises in 338 Surya Nagar Piezometer 43.60 42.68 Nallah Zone on constructed School on Gopalpura Suryanagar on Gopalpura the pavement of Bypass Bypass school garden

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station Opposite Padmawati Badly damaged Palace, on LHS of Same but near newly due to road Gopalpura Bypass, Gujar ki Casing pipe tilled. Platform construction Metro construction. 339 Ganga-Jamuna Piezometer dhani/Ganga Jamuna 39.49 38.84 damaged Station/Metro Rail line on Located in Petrol Pump Petrol Pump, to Gopalpura Bypass Amani Shah Ajmer road, near Nallah zone proposed bus stand About 1 km NW of Located on Jhotwara village pedestrian walk opposite Joshi Complex description of way. Deepest Not painted. Platform not Bunglow on Joshi location, actually at the door 340 Jhotwara Piezometer 69.02 68.32 water level constructed Marg, Sanjay Nagar, of Jain Kirana Store, on recorded in Kalwad road pedastran, on Joshi Road Jaipur (bifurcation) from Urban Area Jaipur-Kalwad road In the premises of In the premises of Higher 341 Niwaroo Piezometer Not painted. Platform damaged Higher Secondary Secondary School, near 55.25 54.77 School backside wall from gate Obstructed by RHS of main gate, opposite Part of Water Harvesting Collector office, near plant roots. 342 Collectorate Piezometer in mini park of collector - - System main gate Water level not office porch measurable Near Shalimar Painted eroded. Platform Same, more clear opposite 343 Rotary Club Piezometer Complex on way to 59.59 58.59 constructed gate of St. Xavier College Rotary club DWLR RAC Battalion installed. WHS 5th RAC Battalion premises, 344 Raj Bhawan Piezometer Painted. Platform constructed premises, behind Raj - - recharge well near gate Bhawan located nearby Pz

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Name of Type of Location Details SWL S. Hydrograph Hydrograph Present Status Remarks No. Indicated Observed m, bmp m, bgl Station Station WHS recharge Near second gate of Govt. well located Not painted. Platform Near second gate of Hostel/Police 345 Govt. Hostel Piezometer 64.47 63.77 near main gate constructed Govt. Hostel Commissioner office campus installed by JDA Near second gate of Not painted. Platform Near second gate of 346 Ravindra Munch Piezometer Ravindra Munch, gate 55.65 55.42 constructed Ravindra Munch closed

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12.4 Comments and Suggestions i) Both in rural and urban areas, piezometers are located in a disorderly manner at variable location. ii) Generally the piezometers are located along road sides, in the premises of public buildings like schools and colleges, PHED and PWD campus, police chowki, krishi upaz mandi, forest department complex, panchayat samiti, cinema complex, tempo/bus stand, railway station level crossing, temple premises, public park and so on. The locations of these piezometers are not properly explained in the data sheets and due to this it becomes extremely difficult to trace them in the field by a new person visiting the sites. Therefore the location of the sites should be properly described on the data sheet so that it can be traced easily and should be updated from time to time. iii) Locations of piezometers in borrow pit areas along, road sides, depressions or in the areas likely to be covered at the time of widening of roads cannot be considered as the proper site. iv) Schools in village and town have increased in numbers both in public and private sectors, Hence, merely writing locations of piezometers in data sheets as in ‘Schools’ is not sufficient name of school along with its proper location should be recorded. v) The piezometers located in schools are likely to be damaged by filling of extraneous materials into them by school children, as such the school authorities shall be made responsible to ensure their protection. vi) Panchayat Sarpanches / Ward Members should be taken into confidence while locating sites for installing piezometers or fixing dug wells as hydrograph stations as at present number of these public representatives sarpanches are not exactly knowing the location and the purpose of hydrograph network stations in their area of Jurisdictions. vii) A guideline for selection of piezometer sites shall be adopted in future for keeping safe distance from roads and other civil structures. viii) Locations of new piezometers to be installed in future must also be fixed at assured safe places in a uniform pattern like in a panchayat office, in a village, at road-side petrol pump or a well-known hotel complex on roads in rural area, and in towns, Panchayat Samitis, Zila Parishad or Collectorate office, Dak Bungalow as permanent government building complex and in such a case the piezometer may be installed at proper location i.e. near the entrance gates of these offices, duly protected by a suitable cap or cover, clearly marked with code numbers on the piezometer block. Permanent buildings of RGWD in district towns, if available, should be preferred. ix) Diameters of piezometer casings are not uniform, also the piezometer caps are of different designs causing problems of opening them at the time of recording water levels. It is advisable to follow a standard size of caps inner screw and bolt. x) Old piezometers are likely to be covered at places by new constructions and encroachments, especially in urban areas, need to be properly relocated.

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xi) Pumps on wells/ tube wells have been installed at places near the piezometers by the land owners which may affect the water level in piezometers needs to be relocated if possible or due care should be taken while recording to water level. xii) Hydrograph stations in close vicinity of local nallah or ponds do not represent the actual water levels of the area, as such these may be replaced with other suitable hydrograph stations. xiii) Periodic maintenance of the peizometers in respect of paint, platform, proper functioning of caps, nuts and bolt etc., is required. xiv) Periodical painting of the piezometers is required for its protection. The proper design for this purpose can be adopted as indicated below. (Different scheme for CGWB and RGWD piezometers). xv) At places the bolts fixed at inner heads of piezometers are not in proper alignment with other on the top caps, as such the measurements of water levels are not possible. This needs to be aligned properly. xvi) It is suggested that the piezometers owned by CGWB and RGWD be painted with different colour. Piezometers of CGWB may be painted in blue, and RGWD piezometers - in green. The piezometers should be further marked with hydrograph station code number, agency in charge and location name, in three different rounded white strips on the body of the painted piezometers. The piezometers can be further protected with specially designed cover boxes on the top, painted with the same colour code as per the local requirement as depicted below.

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xvii) Rain gauge stations should be established in vicinity of all such piezometers while DWLR have been installed on them. xviii) The demand of water in urban area has tremendously increased resulting into excess withdrawal of ground water. Hence, the number of piezometers shall be increased in urban areas for both monitoring the changes in water table as well as in the quality at regular intervals. xix) There are certain areas in the field where multiple aquifer system exists but only a single piezometer has been constructed. In such cases number of piezometers should be increased to monitor the behaviour of each aquifer. xx) The hydrograph stations network in the Jaipur Urban area is commonly observed at many places by the CGWB and RGWD. DWLRs installed by RGWD on the piezometers located at Raj Bhawan and in RGWD office premises were also observed by the consultant. xxi) The efforts being made by CGWB and RGWD for periodical monitoring of groundwater levels in adverse field conditions deserve all appreciation but the system needs modernization and reforms.

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Dausa (pz) , 30.4.2012 Mahwa (PZ), 30.4.2012 Dausa, Dausa Mahwa, Dausa

18 (a) Karauli (Pz), 01.06.2012, 18(c) Karauli (Pz), 01.06.2012 Karauli, Karauli, Karauli, Karauli,

Karauli (Pz), 01.06.2012 Alwar Krishi Upaz Mandi Kisan Bhawan gate, Karauli, Karauli, 2.6.2012, Alwar, Alwar

Alwar (Pz), 2.6.2012 Bassi (Pz), 2.6.2012 Alwar, Alwar Bassi , Jaipur

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Rajarampur (Pz) 18.09.2012 Dhodsar (Pz) 18.09.2012 Amer, Jaipur Govindgarh, Jaipur

Lachhamangarh (Pz-67) 19.09.2012 Chirawa (Pz-74) 20.09.2012 Laxmangarh, Sikar Chirawa, Jhunjhunu

Hamirwas (Pz-78) 20.09.2012 Kuchaman (Pz-85) 25.09.2012 Rajgarh, Churu Kuchaman, Nagaur

Hanumangarh (Pz-110) 29.09.2012 Pallu Recharge Tube well (Forest Hanumangarh, Hanumangarh Department) 29.09.2012 Nohar, Hanumangarh

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Ratangarh (DW) 29.09.2012 Gunsi (Pz)-117) 11.10.2012 Ratangarh,Churu Niwai, Tonk

Sohela (Pz-122 Locked) 12.10.2012 Khatkarh (Pz-137) 13.10.2012 Tonk, Tonk Talera, Bundi

Lakheri (Pz-133) 13.10.2012 Utrana (Pz-134) 13.10.2012 Keshorai Patan, Bundi Keshorai Patan, Bundi

Megha Jhopdia (DW-143) 13.10.2012 Rerwas (DW-148) 14.10.2012 Talera, Bundi Kotri, Bhilwara

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Kotri (Pz-149) 14.10.2012 Bhilwara Girls College (Roof top Kotri, Bhilwara WH), Suwana,Bhilwara (14.10.2012) Near (Pz)

Atoon (DW-154 Auto Fertilizer) Jagpura (Pz-170) 16.10.2012 14.10.2012, Suwana, Bhilwara Ladpura, Kota

Gopalpura (Pz-175) 17.10.2012 Bohat (Pz-183) 17.10.2012 Ladpura, Kota Antah, Baran

Kawai (DW-192) 18.10.2012 Jhalarapatan (Pz-59) 19.10.2012 Atru, Baran Jhalarapatan, Jhalawar

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Koli (Pz-197) 19.10.2012 Asalpur (DW-198) 19.10.2012 Bakani, Jhalawar Bakani, Jhalawar

Bagher (Pz-203) 19.10.2012 Sawa (Pz-165) 27.10.2012 Khanpur, Jhalawar Chittorgarh, Chittorgarh

Chittorgarh (Pz-Abandoned) 27.10.2012 Chhoti Sadri (DW-232) 10.11.2012 Chittorgarh, Chittorgarh Chhoti Sadri, Pratapgarh

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Pratapgarh (DW-238 Bawari) 11.11.2012 Talwara (Pz-247) 11.11.2012 Pratapgarh, Pratapgarh Talwara, Banswara

Parsad (DW-227) 12.11.2012 Jhadoli (Pz-261) 19.12.2012 Sarada, Udaipur Pindwara, Sirohi

Udd (Pz-264 DWLR) with Special Lock Arrangement installed and designed by RGWD, Sirohi (Outside and inside views being shown by Hydrpgeologist RGWD) 19.12.2012, Sirohi

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Mohabat Nagar (DW-267) 19.12.2012 Jiran (Pz-269 Old Damaged) 20.12.2012 Sirohi, Sirohi Bhinmal, Jalore

Meghalwa (Pz-273) 20.12.2012 Bautra (Pz-274 Close View) 20.12.2012 Sayla, Jalore Sayla, Jalore

Mandawla (Pz-278) 21.12.2012 Ramaniya (DW-281)21.12.2012 Sayla, Jalore Siwana, Barmer

Balotra (Pz-283) 21.12.2012 Bhadka (Pz-286 Close View) 22.12.2012 Balotra, Barmer Baytoo, Barmer Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 157

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Bhadka (Pz-286 Sign Board on Road Side) Bhadka (Pz-286 along Road Side) 22.12.2012, Baytoo, Barmer

Lohawat (Pz-303) 23.12.2012 Bhikamkhor (Close Vicinity DW) 23.12.2012 Osian, Jodhpur Osian, Jodhpur

Maklao (Pz-309) 23.12.2012 Peepalia (Pz-318) 24.12.2012 Mandor, Jodhpur Raipur, Pali

Bhandarej (Pz-328) 27.12.2012 Alooda (Pz-329) 27.12.2012 Dausa, Dausa Dausa, Dausa

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13. Optimization of Groundwater Monitoring Network Groundwater monitoring in the state is being done through an existing network of observation wells and peizometers of CGWB and RGWD. The water levels are measured during pre-monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Water samples for chemical analysis are also collected during the course of the survey in both the seasons. These monitoring stations are distributed among the 19 hydrogeological units all over the state. At some places the density of locations is very high whereas it is low in many other parts. In the areas where the wells are located in close proximity a good number of wells are of practically no utility where as in the areas of thin density, valuable data for proper assessment of groundwater quantity are not available. There are areas in the state where there is frequent variations of rise and decline of water levels due to heavy exploitations, such areas require close monitoring in order to understand the proper reasons of rise/decline. In respect of groundwater quality assessment, there are big gaps in certain areas of the state where sufficient data are not available for proper assessment of groundwater quality and to understand the reasons of deterioration in chemical quality. In view of the above stated reasons it has been felt necessary that improvement in the existing groundwater monitoring network is required in order to properly asses and manage the available groundwater, both quantitatively and qualitatively. For this purpose more groundwater monitoring stations are required to get adequate/additional data to fill up the data gaps or enhance the database and in the dense areas, delete the monitoring stations to avoid extra-work. In order to improve the current monitoring network a detailed study for its optimization has been conducted and presented in Volume 4 of this report. 14. Recommendations Based on studies of ground water carried out by agro-climatic zones in the state and having assessed the dynamics of ground water quality and quantity, the following recommendations are made. 1. Based on Groundwater Estimation Methodology (GEC-1997) along with modification in the subsequent years 2003/04. According to this methodology groundwater, recharge is estimated by way of water level fluctuation method. One critical parameter in recharge estimation is the specific yield of aquifers. The actual field data for which are not available for most aquifers and areas except with some sporadic values at places for alluvial aquifer system in state, as such assumed values of specific yield have also been used for current assessment of dynamic ground water recharge. It is therefore paramount that adequate data on specific yield of 19 aquifer systems in state be build up based on aquifer pumping tests on newly recommended exploratory wells. Pumping tests, if made mandatory for public water supply tube wells will further provide additional data on aquifers specific yield values to help refine estimates of dynamic ground water recharge. 2. Exclusive reliance on water-table fluctuation method of recharge assessment has produced fixed annual values of recharge. It is suggested that Chloride mass balance and Chlorine-36 isotope methods for estimating long-term average rates of deep percolation may be experimented as an alternative method. A two year study to test applicability of the two methods at two different sites is proposed. Such methods are ideal for arid and desert areas. Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 159

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3. The annual abstraction of ground water exceed annual recharge availability, the assessment to monitor the trend of ground water development is done, at present at an interval of 4 years. It would be desirable if assessments are carried out annually to control use of annually available ground water. 4. Results of the study have indicated that regional water quality, particularly of alluvial aquifers in ACZ Ia, Ib, Ic and IIa has possibly been affected by the land use activities, which might have caused increasing concentrations of inorganic constituents such as Nitrates levels. Ground water beneath areas of irrigated crop land in alluvial and other aquifer is characterised by larger concentrations of hardness, calcium, magnesium, fluoride, nitrite plus nitrate. The affects are attributable to rates of infiltration and percolation through soil. The water dissolves minerals from soil and chemicals applied as fertilizer and transport them down to the aquifer. Though there is no pesticide surveillance in ground water as yet in state, the possibility of non-degraded pesticide in the aquifer exists. It is therefore, recommended to monitor the areas with problem of high nitrate levels. In view of above it is suggested to take up well designed studies towards (a) assessment of non-point source contamination of alluvial aquifer system, to begin with in the areas where increasing trends of nitrate levels are observed. Also it is desirable to plan setting upto key monitoring wells exclusively for monitoring and surveillance of pesticides in ground water, as well as monitoring the increasing trends of nitrite, nitrate and fluoride levels in ground water of various aquifers. Specific studies therefore need to be designed by State Ground Water Department to determine the effects of land uses on ground water quality. One of the studies could be planned in areas of i) Urban storm water disposal, ii) Over cultivation area associated with application of fertilizers and pesticides 5. The studies have carried out village-wise assessment of availability of dynamic ground water. The villages have also been classified into various categories e.g. safe, semi critical, critical, and over-exploited based on these assessment. It is suggested that RGWD should now develop, outreach and translate the dynamics of ground water to the farmers, or group of farmers & WUAs, in a simpler way, so that they can visualise the actual availability of this resource in their areas to make assessments on a regular basis for its development and for its use in domestic and irrigation and related needs. 6. In addition to this (as stated in point no. 5) it is also suggested that an intensive network of monitoring stations is setup in the areas where there is heavy exploitation of groundwater and the area which have come " under stress" (i.e. the areas where withdrawal of groundwater is more than the groundwater availability and mining has started). Such a network of peizometers in these areas should be installed with automatic groundwater level recorders and groundwater quality monitoring systems. This will enable in obtaining continuous and real time records of changes in water level and chemical quality in order to keep watch on the deteriorating conditions in the area. To begin with it is proposed that at least 5 such peizometers in each hydrogeological units may be installed covering all the 19 aquifer units in the state. Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 160

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7. In view of fast depleting ground water resources and declining levels of ground water as a result of ground water over-draft, properly managed aquifer recharging should be made mandatory in the "over stressed" aquifers. The first and foremost thing is to identify suitable areas for groundwater recharge in over- stressed regions in over-exploited areas where area-specific and design specific recharging measures can be under taken keeping in view its climatic- geomorphological and topographic set-up of state. Percolation tanks with recharge shafts- especially over hard rock terrain, recharging ephemeral stream bed areas through construction of cascading barriers and check dams, flooding of dunal landscape with flash flood waters, promoting and upscaling farmers dug well recharge programme as well as arresting run-off at Aravalli Ridge-toe areas through specially dug lengthy stretches of trenches back-filled with boulders & gravels are some of the recharging measures considered suitable for the state. Recharge shafts and roof top rain water harvesting measures to augment local ground water in Urban and Institutional areas, where land availability may not be an issue can also be accelerated. 8. A separate programme on Repair, Renovation and Restoration, of all village ponds & tanks, be taken up on a time-bound basis which may be linked with MNREGA and RKVY Scheme of Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The work will include desilting of ponds and or constructing recharge shafts around such ponds particularly at intake points to help recharge ground water locally. 9. The study have assessed total static ground water resource for the state as 62,639.67 Mm 3 which include 32914.16 Mm 3 as fresh ground water static resource and 29725.51 Mm 3 as saline ground water resource. It is recommended that static resource (fresh) should not be exploited but, used as contingency measures, only to utilize during drought periods. 10. The study of the village-wise assessment of quality of ground water has revealed that 20663 villages in state contains non-potable water. In order to ensure safe quality of drinking water to the villagers a special programme in convergence with Ministry of Drinking Water and Supply, Government of India, shall help improve the health and hygiene status of people inhabiting such areas. 11. The present study have also revealed that 4,775 villages have unsuitable chemical quality of ground water and 36,827 villages have groundwater of suitable quality for use by livestocks. Livestock suitable plain needs to be prepared for raising livestocks in such brackish groundwater areas to establish drinking water stations based on tube well water supply from marginally saline ground water areas. 12. A Joint study by RGWD and state agriculture department may be conducted for using brackish/ saline groundwater to grow salt tolerant crops in the agro climatic zones where there is huge quantity of the brackish/saline groundwater available in shallow/ deep aquifers. Simultaneously a programme for use of brackish water and desalinisation of groundwater can also be considered on bilateral co-operation and donor assistance programme of the government. 13. It is generally observed that rain water in urban areas goes unutilised. Arresting run- off rain water and its storage for horticulture and related non-drinking water uses is proposed based on “Modular Rain Water Tank Technology” which can capture huge quantity of run-off in urban areas, run-off on highways.

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14. As a measure towards improving groundwater availability in the over exploited areas RGWD should under take a programme of "Groundwater Resources Conservation and Management" for taking suitable measures to recharge the stressed aquifers. For this purpose RGWD should be suitably strengthened and a 'Cell' for recharging groundwater should be setup to unsure recharging operations on a regular basis. 15. The on-farm water management (OFWM) world over have found utility in improving irrigated agriculture water use efficiencies. It is proposed that state should make use of available technologies such as laser land levelling, ditch and furrow methods of irrigation using tensiometer for affecting crop-water use, on-farm pond development including crop-diversification through micro-irrigation (Drip) based system particularly in over-exploited and critical blocks with a view to conserve this precious and rapidly exhausting resources.

Based on the above recommendations a combined Action Plan has been prepared as given in Table 14.1.

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Table 14.1 Action Plan based on Recommendations S. Anticipated Recommendations Proposed Actions Responsibility No. Value Addition 1 Monitor groundwater levels, groundwater • Observe the groundwater levels and groundwater Improved accuracy and SWRPD and quality and groundwater development in quality on regular basis (4 times in a year) with surveillance of RGWD the State groundwater monitoring network and study their groundwater levels and trend. (refer Section 1.10 and 1.12.3 of each ACZ groundwater quality. analysis in Volume 2 of this report) • The assessment to monitor the ground water Controlled use of development and use is done at an interval of 4 annually available years. It would be desirable if assessments are also groundwater. made regularly on annual basis also for controlled use of annually available groundwater. (refer section 4.8 and 4.9 of Volume 1 - Main Report) 2 Improve the database of specific yield for Execute a field survey for conducting pumping tests on Improved accuracy of SWRPD and the benefit of refining estimates of wells in each district. Also to conduct pumping tests on groundwater RGWD dynamic groundwater recharge every new piezometer being installed. assessment. 3 Examine additional methods for Chloride mass balance and Chlorine-36 isotope methods Alternative method of SWRPD and evaluating groundwater recharge for estimating long-term average rates of deep evaluating groundwater RGWD percolation may be experimented as alternative method. recharge. Present A two year study to test applicability of two methods at practices being adopted two different sites may be desirable. Such methods are can be compared and ideal for arid and desert areas. cross-checked. 4 Improvement of Groundwater monitoring • Additional 2745 monitoring wells should be Improved accuracy and SWRPD and network installed and the existing 1351 duplicate ones or reduction in data RGWD very close ones should be closed based on the collection. recommendations of the optimization study of groundwater monitoring network in the report. (refer Volume 4 of this report) • Out of the existing 3518 dug wells considered under optimization study, 827 are proposed to be excluded Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 163

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S. Anticipated Recommendations Proposed Actions Responsibility No. Value Addition from groundwater monitoring network, hence there is a need to replace the remaining 2691 dug well monitoring stations with piezometers. (refer Volume 4 of this report) • As per the water table decline trend (refer Section 1.10 of each ACZ analysis in Volume 2 of this report), 128, 124 and 44 piezometers are likely to go dry in 2020, 2040 and 2060, which shall need replacement in future. 5 Monitor the presence of pesticides in the • Undertake well planned/designed studies towards Prevention of further SWRPD and groundwater in areas of intensive assessment of non-point source contamination of deterioration of RGWD agriculture/command areas activity, alluvial aquifer systems to begin with in areas where groundwater quality due especially in locations faced with increasing trends of nitrate levels are observed. to application of problems of high nitrate levels Setting up key monitoring wells exclusively for fertilizers and pesticides, monitoring and surveillance of pesticides in resulting in groundwater, as well as monitoring the increasing improvement in trends of nitrates and fluoride level in groundwater groundwater quality in of various aquifers. long-term. • Design specific studies to determine the effects of land uses on groundwater quality. Suggested sites can include: (a) Urban storm water disposal and the other (b) Over cultivation areas associated with application of fertilizers and pesticides. (refer Section 1.12.3 of each ACZ analysis in Volume 2 of this report) 6 Conduct new exploratory drilling • Exploratory drilling in the areas/locations as Improvement in data on SWRPD, recommended in the report aquifer boundaries, RGWD and • Exploratory drilling of deep aquifers aquifer properties and CGWB • Pumping test should be made mandatory for every depth to basement; and Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 164

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S. Anticipated Recommendations Proposed Actions Responsibility No. Value Addition newly drilled well in the State identification of new (refer Section 11 of Volume 1 - Main Report) aquifers. 7 Outflow of groundwater resources Conservation / exploitation of groundwater flowing to Proper utilization of SWRPD, adjoining country. State’s groundwater RGWD and (refer Section 8.2 of Volume 1 - Main Report) resources. WRD 8 Restructuring and capacity building of • Conduct study on restructuring and capacity Improvement in overall SWRPD, Groundwater Department building of Groundwater Department, involving working of RGWD. RGWD and organisational capacity building, infrastructure GoR capacity building and professional capacity building. • Creation of GIS Cell • Creation of Recharge Cell • Creation of Legal Cell 9 Better understanding, higher awareness Develop outreach and translate the dynamics of Enhancement in SWRPD and and sustainable development of the groundwater to farmers, group of farmers & WUAs to understanding, RGWD groundwater resources by the farmers create understanding, awareness and sustainable awareness and development of the groundwater resources. sustainable development of groundwater resources by farmers. 10 Adopt on-farm water management State should make use of Resource Conservation Improvement in water SWRPD, (OFWM) practices Technologies such as laser land levelling, ditch and use efficiency ultimately RGWD and furrow methods of irrigation using tensiometer for resulting in reduction in Rajasthan affecting crop-water use, on-farm pond development groundwater Agriculture including crop-diversification through micro-irrigation exploitation and Department based system particularly in over-exploited and critical groundwater level blocks with a view to developing water use efficiencies. stabilization. (refer Section 1.16.1 of each ACZ analysis in Volume 2 of this report)

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S. Anticipated Recommendations Proposed Actions Responsibility No. Value Addition 11 Control on illegal drilling of wells and • Registration of rigs to control illegal drilling of Control on groundwater SWRPD, control on groundwater exploitation wells. exploitation resulting in RGWD and • To frame a Groundwater Act to control the stabilization of GoR exploitation of groundwater. groundwater level. 12 Data upgradation Creation of an online system of various groundwater Upgraded and updated SWRPD and data entry at district level linked with the GIS Cell for an data bank with ease to RGWD upgraded and updated data bank. access. 13 Improve, detailed and frequent • Set-up key observation-wells in stressed aquifers Control on groundwater SWRPD and monitoring of stressed aquifer systems where stage of ground water abstraction is much exploitation in stressed RGWD higher than dynamic annual groundwater aquifers. availability. • Installation of 1197 digital automatic water level recorder as well as water quality monitoring system in a phased manner to enable obtaining continuous & real- time record of levels and water quality. • At least 5 key wells need to be installed on each of the 19 mapped major aquifer units in the state, to begin with. (refer Volume 4 of this report) 14 Promote Resource Conservation and • The proposed Recharge Cell under RGWD as one of Enhanced groundwater SWRPD and Managed Aquifer Recharging measures its wing to discharge intended recharging work/ availability and RGWD towards improving water availability operation on continuing basis. stabilization of ground • Designating ground water conservation areas water levels and (GCAs) in over- stressed aquifers where area- improvement in specific and design specific recharging measures be groundwater quality. employed keeping in view the climatic- geomorphological and topographic set-up • Percolation ponds with recharge shafts • Recharging ephemeral stream bed areas through Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 166

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S. Anticipated Recommendations Proposed Actions Responsibility No. Value Addition construction of cascading barriers and check dams • Promoting and upscaling farmers dug well recharge programme as well as arresting run-off at Aravalli Ridge-toe areas through specially dug lengthy stretches of trenches back-filled with boulders & gravels • Recharge shafts and roof top rain water harvesting measures to augment local ground water in Urban and Institutional areas. • Managed Aquifer Recharge programme may take benefit and develop convergence with Revised Master Plan for Recharging Ground Water (2013) prepared by CGWB, in which the areas feasible for recharge and types of structures to be constructed are given for consideration and implementation by State 15 Reduction of groundwater demand in Reduction in over- SWRPD, Use of modern irrigation practices and technologies over-exploited areas exploitation resulting in RGWD and (pressurized irrigation) to reduce groundwater extraction stabilization of Rajasthan for which subsidies are provided by GoR and irrigation groundwater levels. Agriculture during hours of low potential evaporation. Department 16 Use of Fresh Static resources as • Static resource (fresh) should not be mined but used Reduction in over- SWRPD and contingency measures only only as contingency measures to be pressed into exploitation of RGWD service and use only during drought periods groundwater and better • It is suggested if some groundwater sanctuary High management during Production wells could be constructed as regimes for situation of scarcity. supply in periods of distress & dire scarcity to serve as “Groundwater Sanctuary Parks”

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S. Anticipated Recommendations Proposed Actions Responsibility No. Value Addition 17 Improve Quality of water supply to A time based priority program to provide safe-drinking Improvement in health SWRPD, villages having non-potable water and water based on principles of scientific source locations and hygiene status of RGWD and link them to surface water schemes and well construction in convergence with Ministry of people in identified PHED Drinking Water and Supply, Government of India, shall areas. help improve the health and hygiene status of people inhabiting such areas. 18 Utilization of saline groundwater • Drinking water stations for livestock should be Utilization of saline SWRPD, raised based on tube well water supply from groundwater resulting in RGWD and marginally saline groundwater resource areas. reduced demand from Rajasthan • Desalination and appropriate use of brackish water fresh groundwater Agriculture can be considered with donor assistance under aquifers. Department bilateral corporation programme • Conduct experiments for developing use of brackish/saline groundwater for raising salt-tolerant crops where huge quantities of saline groundwater resides in shallow and deep aquifer systems 19 Execute a programme on Repair, To be taken up on a time-bound programme which may Enhanced recharge of SWRPD, Renovation and Restoration of all village have convergence with MNREGA and RKVY Scheme groundwater. RGWD and ponds & tanks of Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India Rajasthan Rural including desilting of ponds and or constructing recharge Development & shafts around such ponds particularly at intake points to Panchayati Raj help recharge groundwater locally. Department 20 Utilization of urban storm water Arresting of Urban run-off and its use for horticulture, Enhanced recharge of SWRPD, other non-drinking water uses and groundwater recharge groundwater and RGWD and is proposed based on “Modular Rain Water Tank reduced demand of ULBs Technology” which can capture huge quantity of Urban- groundwater. run-off/ highway- run-off.

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14.1 Action Plan for Long Term Management of Aquifer Systems The long term management plan for groundwater exploitation in all the blocks of Rajasthan is given in Table 14.2. The action plan is block specific and suggests a different approach for each of the 4 main categories: safe, semi critical, critical and over exploited. Over Exploited Blocks : The action plan is based on 3 main stages: Stage Duration Aim Recommendation Stage 1 2014-2020 Control of groundwater draft Immediate control of groundwater draft with 2010 abstractions as the maximum permitted annual draft Stage 2 2021-2040 Achieving balanced Gradual reduction of -1% to -10% per exploitation year of groundwater draft until balanced draft is achieved (draft = availability) Stage 3 2041-2060 Rehabilitation of the aquifer Additional reduction of -1% to -10% per year of groundwater draft until target draft is achieved. Target draft should be <100% to allow for gradual recovery of groundwater levels and static storage.

Figure 14.1 and 14.2 presents a schematic illustration of the conceptual model for the recovery plan of the aquifers, presenting the three main stages described above. The aim of stage 1 is to freeze current conditions and prevent further increase in the rate of decline of groundwater levels. This is suggested by controlling the constantly growing groundwater draft in the block and setting the 2010 draft value as the maximum permitted draft in the block, until 2020. The second aim of this stage (7 years) is to give sufficient time to prepare for the expected reduction in groundwater exploitation starting from 2020, either by developing alternative sources (i.e. surface water/ treated water) or by restricting agriculture activity or implementing more efficient irrigation technologies. The table gives the expected water shortage as a result of limiting the draft with respect to the projected increase in abstraction. The prediction for increase in abstractions was made based on the average increase from 1995 to 2009. The objective of stage 2 is to reach balanced conditions where the groundwater draft will be equal to the dynamic availability. The target year for balanced exploitation was set to 2040. The quantity of over exploited groundwater in excess of the availability is reduced gradually and evenly along the period of 20 years between 2021-2040. After many years of pumping in excess of the groundwater availability the over exploited blocks require a reduction in drafts to below 100% of the availability in order to allow for aquifer rehabilitation and rise of groundwater levels. The 3 rd and last stage is directed to restore the aquifer's static storage. Since the original natural storage of the aquifers is not known, groundwater levels in 1980 were set as the target level for rehabilitation. The annual reduction in draft for the period 2041-2060 was defined by calculating the total over exploitation in the period 1980-2020 in Mm 3 divided by 20 years. Total over exploitation for the period 1980-2020 was calculated according to: Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 169

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OE (1980-2020) = R * Sy * A * t

Where:

OE (1980-2020) = Over exploitation in the period 1984-2020 (Mm 3) R = Rate of decline (m/y) Sy = Specific yield A = Area (m 2) T = time period (2020-1980 = 40 years)

A limit of maximum reduction in draft of -10% per year was set in order to avoid too rapid and unrealistic decline rate which will be impossible to implement. In these cases full recovery to 1980 stages was not achieved in 2060. The percent of recovery at the end of stage 3 (2060) in each block is presented in the table (relatively to the storage in 1980). At the end of stage 3 an assessment of the groundwater condition in each block should be performed according to the groundwater levels in 2060 and the rehabilitation plan should be stopped or expanded accordingly. Critical Blocks: In the semi critical blocks the stage of development is high but still below 100%. Therefore, it is suggested that in these blocks, groundwater exploitation will be limited to the draft in 2010 permanently, during all 3 stages. Yet, water shortage is expected to increase in time due to expected increase in demands. Because groundwater exploitation should not exceed beyond the draft in 2010 – alternative sources should be developed during the first stage or irrigation should be limited. Safe and Semi Critical Blocks: The safe and semi critical blocks present a stage of development significantly lower than 100%. The approach regarding these blocks is that some increase in groundwater abstractions is possible, according to expected increase in demands with time. However, an upper limit for draft of 95% of the dynamic availability was set in order to prevent over exploitation. Once this limit is reached, groundwater draft should stay constant accordingly and the water shortage should be balanced either by alternative sources or reduction in agriculture activity. It is vital that the action plan in all blocks will be re-evaluated and modified if necessary, every 5 years according to actual drafts and groundwater table behavior.

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Figure 14.1 Schematic illustration of the conceptual model for the recovery plan of aquifer units in over exploited blocks – groundwater draft ) ) 3 Draft (Mm Draft

Figure 14.2 Schematic illustration of the conceptual model for the recovery plan of aquifer units in over exploited blocks – groundwater levels

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Table 14.2 Block-wise Long term Management of Aquifer Systems

Stage 1 - Controlled Draft (2014-2020) Stage 2 - Achieving Balanced Drafts at 2040 Stage 3 - Rehabilitation (2041-2060) Estimated Dynamic GW Recommended Recommended Recommended Estimated Stage of Expected Recommended Recommended Recommended Recovery GW Draft Recommended Stage Draft Stage draft Max. Accumulated ACZ District Block Category Development water Draft Max. Draft draft by 2060 Availability 2010 Max. Draft Duration Decrease Duration Decrease Draft at Storage 2010 (%) Shortage 1 Decrease at 2040 Decrease (% from (MCM) (MCM) (MCM/y) (years) Rate (years) Rate 2060 Recovery (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) 1980 (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM) storage) Ia Barmer Baytoo Over Exploited 7.70 16.98 220.52 16.98 7 0.57 0.46 2.73 20 7.70 0.77 10% 6.93 15.40 5% Ia Barmer Balotra Over Exploited 17.36 24.96 143.78 24.96 7 0.00 0.38 1.52 20 17.36 1.74 10% 15.62 34.72 8% Ia Barmer Barmer Safe 30.66 18.69 60.96 21.81 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 29.13 0.00 0% 29.13 0.00 - Ia Barmer Chohtan Critical 47.25 46.88 99.22 46.88 7 1.54 0.00 0.00 20 47.25 0.00 0% 47.25 0.00 - Ia Barmer Dhorimanna Over Exploited 48.56 67.20 138.39 67.20 7 1.36 0.93 1.39 20 48.56 4.86 10% 43.70 97.12 36% Ia Barmer Sindhari Critical 25.72 25.31 98.41 25.31 7 2.15 0.00 0.00 20 25.72 0.00 0% 25.72 0.00 - Ia Barmer Sheo Over Exploited 16.03 25.02 156.08 25.02 7 0.00 0.45 1.80 20 16.03 1.60 10% 14.43 32.06 9% Ia Jodhpur Balesar Over Exploited 22.28 45.59 204.62 45.59 7 2.22 1.17 2.56 20 22.28 2.23 10% 20.05 44.56 34% Ia Jodhpur Bap Safe 48.65 20.75 42.65 31.16 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 46.22 0.00 0% 46.22 0.00 - Ia Jodhpur Bawari Over Exploited 22.39 77.80 347.48 77.80 7 2.13 2.77 3.56 20 22.39 2.24 10% 20.15 44.78 25% Ia Jodhpur Luni Semi Critical 18.47 15.26 82.62 17.55 7 1.05 0.00 0.00 20 18.47 0.00 0% 18.47 0.00 - Ia Jodhpur Mandor Over Exploited 30.57 56.17 183.74 56.17 7 3.10 1.28 2.28 20 30.57 2.42 8% 28.15 48.32 100% Ia Jodhpur Osian Over Exploited 52.68 204.11 387.45 204.11 7 4.26 7.57 3.71 20 52.68 5.27 10% 47.41 105.36 70% Ia Jodhpur Phalodi Over Exploited 46.21 65.92 142.65 65.92 7 2.96 0.99 1.49 20 46.21 4.62 10% 41.59 92.42 81% Ia Jodhpur Shergarh Over Exploited 30.58 53.34 174.43 53.34 7 2.21 1.14 2.13 20 30.58 3.06 10% 27.52 61.16 20% Ib Ganganagar Anupgarh Safe 82.18 7.63 9.28 8.28 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 78.07 0.00 0% 78.07 0.00 - Ib Ganganagar Ghadsana Safe 29.28 5.85 19.98 6.68 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 27.82 0.00 0% 27.82 0.00 - Ib Ganganagar Ganganagar Safe 59.28 35.40 59.72 35.40 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 35.40 0.00 0% 35.40 0.00 - Ib Ganganagar Karanpur Safe 40.22 25.18 62.61 25.72 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 38.21 0.00 0% 38.21 0.00 - Ib Ganganagar Padampur Safe 22.65 14.90 65.78 21.52 7 1.48 0.00 0.00 20 22.65 0.00 0% 22.65 0.00 - Ib Ganganagar Raisinghnagar Safe 18.46 9.54 51.68 11.75 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 17.54 0.00 0% 17.54 0.00 - Ib Ganganagar Sadulshahar Safe 20.75 8.62 41.54 8.62 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 8.62 0.00 0% 8.62 0.00 - Ib Ganganagar Suratgarh Safe 17.42 13.38 76.81 13.38 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 13.38 0.00 0% 13.38 0.00 - Ib Hanumangarh Bhadra Safe 21.78 14.68 67.40 14.71 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 20.69 0.00 0% 20.69 0.00 - Ib Hanumangarh Hanumangarh Safe 53.90 46.53 86.33 51.20 7 0.74 0.00 0.00 20 53.90 0.00 0% 53.90 0.00 - Ib Hanumangarh Pilibanga Safe 52.52 39.34 74.90 44.04 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 49.89 0.00 0% 49.89 0.00 - Ib Hanumangarh Sangariya Safe 16.85 10.54 62.55 12.60 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 16.01 0.00 0% 16.01 0.00 - Ib Hanumangarh Tibi Safe 46.27 41.37 89.41 43.96 7 0.42 0.00 0.00 20 46.27 0.00 0% 46.27 0.00 - Ib Hanumangarh Nohar Safe 6.58 5.89 89.51 6.25 7 0.20 0.00 0.00 20 6.58 0.00 0% 6.58 0.00 - Ic Bikaner Bikaner Over Exploited 57.86 109.00 188.39 109.00 7 1.47 2.56 2.35 20 57.86 0.00 0% 57.86 0.00 - Ic Bikaner Dungargar Over Exploited 51.84 71.44 137.81 71.44 7 7.70 0.98 1.37 20 51.84 5.18 10% 46.66 103.68 48% Ic Bikaner Lunkaransar Safe 34.21 11.26 32.91 16.62 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 32.50 0.00 0% 32.50 0.00 - Ic Bikaner Kolayat Safe 40.21 31.27 77.77 38.20 7 1.21 0.00 0.00 20 40.21 0.00 0% 40.21 0.00 - Ic Bikaner Nokha Over Exploited 72.30 140.42 194.22 140.42 7 3.59 3.41 2.43 20 72.30 0.90 1% 71.40 18.05 100% Ic Churu Ratangar Safe 30.31 24.77 81.72 28.79 7 0.80 0.00 0.00 20 30.31 0.00 0% 30.31 0.00 - Ic Churu Sardarshhar Safe 62.07 23.29 37.52 29.86 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 58.97 0.00 0% 58.97 0.00 - Ic Churu Sujangarh Over Exploited 35.40 41.10 116.10 41.10 7 2.61 0.29 0.69 20 35.40 0.90 3% 34.50 17.98 100% Ic Jaisalmer Jaisalmer Over Exploited 22.95 56.03 244.14 56.03 7 3.14 1.65 2.95 20 22.95 0.00 0% 22.95 0.00 - Ic Jaisalmer Sam Critical 29.42 27.86 94.70 27.86 7 0.92 0.00 0.00 20 29.42 0.00 0% 29.42 0.00 - Ic Jaisalmer Sankra Over Exploited 19.96 51.14 256.21 51.14 7 1.92 1.56 3.05 20 19.96 0.00 0% 19.96 0.00 - IIa Churu Churu Safe 10.21 8.37 81.98 8.37 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 8.37 0.00 0% 8.37 0.00 - IIa Churu Rajgarh Over Exploited 7.01 29.65 422.97 29.65 7 1.55 1.13 3.82 20 7.01 0.70 10% 6.31 14.02 22% IIa Jhunjhunun Alsisar Over Exploited 23.90 26.49 110.84 26.49 7 1.85 0.13 0.49 20 23.90 2.39 10% 21.51 47.80 95% IIa Jhunjhunun Buhana Over Exploited 28.31 56.23 198.62 56.23 7 1.69 1.40 2.48 20 28.31 2.83 10% 25.48 56.62 14% IIa Jhunjhunun Chirawa Over Exploited 20.98 65.03 309.96 65.03 7 2.00 2.20 3.39 20 20.98 2.10 10% 18.88 41.96 13% IIa Jhunjhunun Jhunjhunun Over Exploited 30.43 78.19 256.95 78.19 7 3.16 2.39 3.05 20 30.43 3.04 10% 27.39 60.86 21% IIa Jhunjhunun Khetri Over Exploited 30.54 50.20 164.37 50.20 7 0.91 0.98 1.96 20 30.54 0.82 3% 29.72 16.44 100% IIa Jhunjhunun Nawalgarh Over Exploited 38.79 108.72 280.28 108.72 7 3.14 3.50 3.22 20 38.79 3.88 10% 34.91 77.58 30% IIa Jhunjhunun Surajgarh Over Exploited 32.24 87.35 270.94 87.35 7 2.04 2.76 3.15 20 32.24 3.22 10% 29.02 64.48 13% IIa Jhunjhunun Udaipurwati Over Exploited 40.62 98.86 243.38 98.86 7 2.55 2.91 2.95 20 40.62 4.06 10% 36.56 81.24 35% IIa Nagaur Degana Over Exploited 34.87 55.45 159.02 55.45 7 0.85 1.03 1.86 20 34.87 3.49 10% 31.38 69.74 47% IIa Nagaur Didwana Over Exploited 52.99 91.44 172.56 91.44 7 4.01 1.92 2.10 20 52.99 5.30 10% 47.69 105.98 33% IIa Nagaur Jayal Over Exploited 52.76 55.25 104.72 55.25 7 2.06 0.12 0.23 20 52.76 3.42 6% 49.34 68.47 100% IIa Nagaur Kuchaman City Over Exploited 70.16 199.05 283.71 199.05 7 6.34 6.44 3.24 20 70.16 7.02 10% 63.14 140.32 26% IIa Nagaur Ladnu Critical 30.38 30.09 99.05 30.09 7 1.55 0.00 0.00 20 30.38 0.00 0% 30.38 0.00 - IIa Nagaur Makrana Over Exploited 41.06 51.55 125.55 51.55 7 1.35 0.52 1.02 20 41.06 4.11 10% 36.95 82.12 28% IIa Nagaur Merta Over Exploited 46.21 152.74 330.53 152.74 7 2.59 5.33 3.49 20 46.21 4.62 10% 41.59 92.42 28% IIa Nagaur Mundwa Over Exploited 63.11 186.99 296.29 186.99 7 8.49 6.19 3.31 20 63.11 6.31 10% 56.80 126.22 52% IIa Nagaur Nagaur Critical 41.04 39.00 95.03 39.00 7 1.89 0.00 0.00 20 41.04 0.00 0% 41.04 0.00 - IIa Nagaur Parbatsar Over Exploited 28.00 52.36 187.00 52.36 7 0.30 1.22 2.33 20 28.00 2.80 10% 25.20 56.00 85% IIa Nagaur Riyan Over Exploited 51.20 62.30 121.68 62.30 7 0.00 0.56 0.89 20 51.20 5.12 10% 46.08 102.40 26% IIa Sikar Danta Ramgarh Over Exploited 48.18 84.87 176.15 84.87 7 0.79 1.83 2.16 20 48.18 2.82 6% 45.36 56.47 100% Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R-13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 173

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Stage 1 - Controlled Draft (2014-2020) Stage 2 - Achieving Balanced Drafts at 2040 Stage 3 - Rehabilitation (2041-2060) Estimated Dynamic GW Recommended Recommended Recommended Estimated Stage of Expected Recommended Recommended Recommended Recovery GW Draft Recommended Stage Draft Stage draft Max. Accumulated ACZ District Block Category Development water Draft Max. Draft draft by 2060 Availability 2010 Max. Draft Duration Decrease Duration Decrease Draft at Storage 2010 (%) Shortage 1 Decrease at 2040 Decrease (% from (MCM) (MCM) (MCM/y) (years) Rate (years) Rate 2060 Recovery (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) 1980 (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM) storage) IIa Sikar Dhond Over Exploited 37.57 64.05 170.48 64.05 7 0.63 1.32 2.07 20 37.57 3.76 10% 33.81 75.14 13% IIa Sikar Fatehpur Semi Critical 50.95 42.60 83.61 48.40 7 1.28 0.00 0.00 20 50.95 0.00 0% 50.95 0.00 - IIa Sikar Khandela Over Exploited 30.66 49.54 161.58 49.54 7 0.30 0.94 1.91 20 30.66 3.07 10% 27.59 61.32 26% IIa Sikar Lachhmangarh Over Exploited 43.70 48.60 111.21 48.60 7 1.70 0.25 0.50 20 43.70 4.37 10% 39.33 87.40 24% IIa Sikar Neem Ka Thana Over Exploited 32.53 45.62 140.24 45.62 7 0.41 0.65 1.43 20 32.53 0.97 3% 31.56 19.40 100% IIa Sikar Piprali Over Exploited 30.44 71.06 233.44 71.06 7 1.16 2.03 2.86 20 30.44 3.04 10% 27.40 60.88 18% IIa Sikar Srimadhopur Over Exploited 33.98 76.02 223.72 76.02 7 0.00 2.10 2.77 20 33.98 3.40 10% 30.58 67.96 16% IIb Barmer Siwana Over Exploited 46.42 71.14 153.25 71.14 7 3.30 1.24 1.74 20 46.42 4.64 10% 41.78 92.84 6% IIb Jalore Ahore Over Exploited 27.20 39.38 144.78 39.38 7 0.00 0.61 1.55 20 27.20 2.72 10% 24.48 54.40 12% IIb Jalore Bhinmal Over Exploited 69.12 154.14 223.00 154.14 7 0.00 4.25 2.76 20 69.12 6.91 10% 62.21 138.24 15% IIb Jalore Chitalwana Over Exploited 69.70 87.68 125.80 87.68 7 0.00 0.90 1.03 20 69.70 0.00 0% 69.70 0.00 - IIb Jalore Jalor Over Exploited 43.32 61.41 141.76 61.41 7 0.00 0.90 1.47 20 43.32 4.33 10% 38.99 86.64 25% IIb Jalore Jaswantpura Over Exploited 53.93 75.10 139.25 75.10 7 0.00 1.06 1.41 20 53.93 1.66 3% 52.27 33.19 100% IIb Jalore Raniwara Over Exploited 58.31 122.89 210.75 122.89 7 0.00 3.23 2.63 20 58.31 5.83 10% 52.48 116.62 31% IIb Jalore Sanchore Over Exploited 62.69 130.61 208.34 130.61 7 0.00 3.40 2.60 20 62.69 6.27 10% 56.42 125.38 42% IIb Jalore Sayla Over Exploited 53.38 201.60 377.67 201.60 7 0.00 7.41 3.68 20 53.38 5.34 10% 48.04 106.76 13% IIb Jodhpur Bhopalgarh Over Exploited 54.16 145.16 268.02 145.16 7 3.52 4.55 3.13 20 54.16 5.42 10% 48.74 108.32 96% IIb Jodhpur Bilara Over Exploited 41.22 113.89 276.30 113.89 7 1.03 3.63 3.19 20 41.22 2.47 6% 38.75 49.40 100% IIb Pali Bali Over Exploited 38.63 45.95 118.95 45.95 7 0.00 0.37 0.80 20 38.63 1.00 3% 37.63 20.10 100% IIb Pali Desuri Over Exploited 22.65 28.67 126.58 28.67 7 0.00 0.30 1.05 20 22.65 0.81 4% 21.84 16.24 100% IIb Pali Jaitaran Over Exploited 53.91 72.95 135.32 72.95 7 0.00 0.95 1.31 20 53.91 5.39 10% 48.52 107.82 34% IIb Pali Marwar Junction Over Exploited 38.01 55.86 146.96 55.86 7 0.00 0.89 1.60 20 38.01 1.72 5% 36.29 34.37 100% IIb Pali Pali Semi Critical 8.48 7.63 89.98 8.06 7 0.11 0.00 0.00 20 8.48 0.00 0% 8.48 0.00 - IIb Pali Raipur Over Exploited 20.22 27.25 134.77 27.25 7 0.00 0.35 1.29 20 20.22 1.06 5% 19.16 21.15 100% IIb Pali Rani Over Exploited 28.08 31.56 112.39 31.56 7 0.00 0.17 0.55 20 28.08 0.86 3% 27.22 17.14 100% IIb Pali Rohat Critical 5.96 5.56 93.29 5.56 7 0.11 0.00 0.00 20 5.96 0.00 0% 5.96 0.00 - IIb Pali Sojat Over Exploited 30.97 40.30 130.13 40.30 7 0.00 0.47 1.16 20 30.97 2.16 7% 28.81 43.24 100% IIb Pali Sumerpur Critical 32.51 31.72 97.57 31.72 7 0.57 0.00 0.00 20 32.51 0.00 0% 32.51 0.00 - IIb Sirohi Reodar Over Exploited 64.31 93.47 145.34 93.47 7 1.61 1.46 1.56 20 64.31 1.05 2% 63.26 21.02 100% IIb Sirohi Sheoganj Over Exploited 56.27 70.65 125.56 70.65 7 2.51 0.72 1.02 20 56.27 5.63 10% 50.64 112.54 28% IIb Sirohi Sirohi Over Exploited 62.04 74.14 119.50 74.14 7 1.96 0.61 0.82 20 62.04 0.82 1% 61.22 16.35 100% IIIa Ajmer Arain Over Exploited 37.03 43.31 116.96 43.31 7 1.05 0.31 0.73 20 37.03 0.62 2% 36.41 12.44 100% IIIa Ajmer Binay Over Exploited 38.75 47.25 121.94 47.25 7 0.67 0.43 0.90 20 38.75 0.58 1% 38.17 11.51 100% IIIa Ajmer Jawaja Over Exploited 16.05 24.05 149.84 24.05 7 0.18 0.40 1.66 20 16.05 0.12 1% 15.93 2.41 100% IIIa Ajmer Kekri Over Exploited 57.96 81.14 139.99 81.14 7 2.15 1.16 1.43 20 57.96 0.24 0% 57.72 4.84 100% IIIa Ajmer Masooda Over Exploited 30.84 33.59 108.92 33.59 7 0.56 0.14 0.41 20 30.84 0.44 1% 30.40 8.82 100% IIIa Ajmer Peesangan Over Exploited 51.67 112.43 217.59 112.43 7 3.88 3.04 2.70 20 51.67 1.35 3% 50.32 26.97 100% IIIa Ajmer Kishangarh Over Exploited 31.63 41.94 132.60 41.94 7 1.65 0.52 1.23 20 31.63 1.49 5% 30.14 29.80 100% IIIa Ajmer Shrinagar Over Exploited 32.80 46.11 140.58 46.11 7 0.92 0.67 1.44 20 32.80 0.95 3% 31.85 18.91 100% IIIa Dausa Bandikui Over Exploited 37.58 75.38 200.59 75.38 7 0.94 1.89 2.51 20 37.58 3.76 10% 33.82 75.16 18% IIIa Dausa Dausa Over Exploited 65.91 87.57 132.86 87.57 7 2.32 1.08 1.24 20 65.91 1.05 2% 64.86 21.08 100% IIIa Dausa Lalsot Over Exploited 60.96 126.26 207.12 126.26 7 2.09 3.27 2.59 20 60.96 6.10 10% 54.86 121.92 21% IIIa Dausa Sikrai Over Exploited 42.44 71.92 169.46 71.92 7 1.42 1.47 2.05 20 42.44 4.24 10% 38.20 84.88 26% IIIa Jaipur Amber Over Exploited 74.04 186.77 252.26 186.77 7 5.90 5.64 3.02 20 74.04 7.40 10% 66.64 148.08 15% IIIa Jaipur Viratnagar Over Exploited 47.82 67.69 141.55 67.69 7 1.23 0.99 1.47 20 47.82 4.78 10% 43.04 95.64 22% IIIa Jaipur Bassi Over Exploited 41.83 96.49 230.67 96.49 7 2.50 2.73 2.83 20 41.83 4.18 10% 37.65 83.66 28% IIIa Jaipur Chaksu Over Exploited 51.42 76.40 148.58 76.40 7 3.92 1.25 1.63 20 51.42 5.14 10% 46.28 102.84 35% IIIa Jaipur Dudu Over Exploited 80.89 90.15 111.45 90.15 7 2.58 0.46 0.51 20 80.89 1.85 2% 79.04 36.99 100% IIIa Jaipur Govindgarh Over Exploited 44.80 123.01 274.58 123.01 7 1.82 3.91 3.18 20 44.80 4.48 10% 40.32 89.60 17% IIIa Jaipur Jamwa Ramgar Over Exploited 57.06 93.97 164.69 93.97 7 3.37 1.85 1.96 20 57.06 5.71 10% 51.35 114.12 45% IIIa Jaipur Jhotwara Over Exploited 49.84 245.60 492.78 245.60 7 5.03 9.79 3.99 20 49.84 4.98 10% 44.86 99.68 12% IIIa Jaipur Kotputli Over Exploited 46.31 99.13 214.06 99.13 7 2.19 2.64 2.66 20 46.31 4.63 10% 41.68 92.62 18% IIIa Jaipur Phagi Critical 35.25 32.41 91.94 32.41 7 0.61 0.00 0.00 20 35.25 0.00 0% 35.25 0.00 - IIIa Jaipur Sambhar Over Exploited 53.35 146.13 273.91 146.13 7 5.46 4.64 3.17 20 53.35 5.34 10% 48.02 106.70 16% IIIa Jaipur Sanganer Over Exploited 46.35 124.98 269.64 124.98 7 0.87 3.93 3.15 20 46.35 4.64 10% 41.72 92.70 15% IIIa Jaipur Shahpura Over Exploited 28.79 76.17 264.57 76.17 7 1.86 2.37 3.11 20 28.79 2.88 10% 25.91 57.58 21% IIIa Tonk Deoli Critical 78.89 72.05 91.33 72.05 7 1.73 0.00 0.00 20 78.89 0.00 0% 78.89 0.00 - IIIa Tonk Malpura Over Exploited 62.41 62.90 100.79 62.90 7 0.66 0.02 0.04 20 62.41 0.92 1% 61.49 18.37 100% IIIa Tonk Niwai Over Exploited 80.62 83.50 103.57 83.50 7 1.29 0.14 0.17 20 80.62 0.78 1% 79.84 15.69 100% IIIa Tonk Todaraisingh Semi Critical 43.60 38.62 88.58 41.42 7 1.01 0.00 0.00 20 43.60 0.00 0% 43.60 0.00 - IIIa Tonk Tonk Semi Critical 94.51 83.47 88.32 87.36 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 89.78 0.00 0% 89.78 0.00 - IIIa Tonk Uniara Over Exploited 70.23 77.91 110.94 77.91 7 2.93 0.38 0.49 20 70.23 7.02 10% 63.21 140.46 95% IIIb Alwar Behror Over Exploited 37.52 102.52 273.24 102.52 7 2.20 3.25 3.17 20 37.52 3.75 10% 33.77 75.04 10% IIIb Alwar Bansur Over Exploited 73.51 130.51 177.54 130.51 7 4.87 2.85 2.18 20 73.51 4.77 6% 68.74 95.37 100% IIIb Alwar Kathumar Over Exploited 39.74 114.58 288.32 114.58 7 1.05 3.74 3.27 20 39.74 3.97 10% 35.77 79.48 64% Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R-13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 174

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Stage 1 - Controlled Draft (2014-2020) Stage 2 - Achieving Balanced Drafts at 2040 Stage 3 - Rehabilitation (2041-2060) Estimated Dynamic GW Recommended Recommended Recommended Estimated Stage of Expected Recommended Recommended Recommended Recovery GW Draft Recommended Stage Draft Stage draft Max. Accumulated ACZ District Block Category Development water Draft Max. Draft draft by 2060 Availability 2010 Max. Draft Duration Decrease Duration Decrease Draft at Storage 2010 (%) Shortage 1 Decrease at 2040 Decrease (% from (MCM) (MCM) (MCM/y) (years) Rate (years) Rate 2060 Recovery (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) 1980 (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM) storage) IIIb Alwar Kishangarh Bas Over Exploited 34.69 76.57 220.73 76.57 7 1.65 2.09 2.73 20 34.69 3.47 10% 31.22 69.38 25% IIIb Alwar Kotkasim Over Exploited 47.29 89.51 189.28 89.51 7 0.34 2.11 2.36 20 47.29 4.03 9% 43.26 80.52 100% IIIb Alwar Lachhmangarh Over Exploited 36.75 72.20 196.46 72.20 7 1.25 1.77 2.45 20 36.75 3.68 10% 33.08 73.50 57% IIIb Alwar Mandawar Over Exploited 67.08 127.18 189.59 127.18 7 1.65 3.01 2.36 20 67.08 6.71 10% 60.37 134.16 64% IIIb Alwar Nimrana Over Exploited 36.67 66.84 182.27 66.84 7 1.62 1.51 2.26 20 36.67 3.67 10% 33.00 73.34 49% IIIb Alwar Rajgarh Over Exploited 28.05 50.24 179.11 50.24 7 0.97 1.11 2.21 20 28.05 0.15 1% 27.90 3.10 100% IIIb Alwar Ramgarh Over Exploited 63.91 111.76 174.87 111.76 7 2.70 2.39 2.14 20 63.91 6.39 10% 57.52 127.82 96% IIIb Alwar Reni Over Exploited 19.45 44.86 230.64 44.86 7 0.83 1.27 2.83 20 19.45 1.95 10% 17.51 38.90 27% IIIb Alwar Thanagazi Over Exploited 35.03 46.54 132.86 46.54 7 1.87 0.58 1.24 20 35.03 0.58 2% 34.45 11.67 100% IIIb Alwar Tijara Over Exploited 79.49 149.86 188.53 149.86 7 0.00 3.52 2.35 20 79.49 7.35 9% 72.14 146.94 100% IIIb Alwar Umren Over Exploited 68.34 148.53 217.34 148.53 7 4.08 4.01 2.70 20 68.34 6.83 10% 61.51 136.68 68% IIIb Bharatpur Bayana Critical 73.89 73.01 98.81 73.01 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 73.01 0.00 0% 73.01 0.00 - IIIb Bharatpur Deeg Critical 41.69 39.48 94.70 39.48 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 39.48 0.00 0% 39.48 0.00 - IIIb Bharatpur Kaman Critical 55.04 53.17 96.60 53.17 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 53.17 0.00 0% 53.17 0.00 - IIIb Bharatpur Kumher Over Exploited 15.40 18.06 117.27 18.06 7 0.00 0.13 0.74 20 15.40 0.22 1% 15.18 4.38 100% IIIb Bharatpur Nadbai Over Exploited 40.07 72.29 180.41 72.29 7 0.00 1.61 2.23 20 40.07 2.56 6% 37.51 51.27 100% IIIb Bharatpur Pahari Critical 41.74 41.27 98.87 41.27 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 41.27 0.00 0% 41.27 0.00 - IIIb Bharatpur Rupbas Over Exploited 65.85 72.57 110.21 72.57 7 0.00 0.34 0.46 20 65.85 1.41 2% 64.44 28.20 100% IIIb Bharatpur Sewar Over Exploited 35.96 57.03 158.59 57.03 7 0.00 1.05 1.85 20 35.96 0.57 2% 35.39 11.40 100% IIIb Bharatpur Weir Over Exploited 47.45 75.66 159.45 75.66 7 0.02 1.41 1.86 20 47.45 2.72 6% 44.73 54.43 100% IIIb Dausa Mahwa Over Exploited 42.48 66.03 155.44 66.03 7 0.00 1.18 1.78 20 42.48 4.25 10% 38.23 84.96 46% IIIb Dhaulpur Bari Critical 57.13 52.42 91.76 52.42 7 0.98 0.00 0.00 20 57.13 0.00 0% 57.13 0.00 - IIIb Dhaulpur Baseri Over Exploited 72.05 77.40 107.43 77.40 7 1.51 0.27 0.35 20 72.05 0.40 1% 71.65 8.05 100% IIIb Dhaulpur Dhaulpur Over Exploited 66.15 123.62 186.88 123.62 7 3.29 2.87 2.32 20 66.15 1.93 3% 64.22 38.66 100% IIIb Dhaulpur Rajakhera Over Exploited 59.59 77.90 130.73 77.90 7 1.38 0.92 1.18 20 59.59 2.56 4% 57.03 51.15 100% IIIb Karauli Hindaun Over Exploited 59.85 137.34 229.47 137.34 7 0.46 3.87 2.82 20 59.85 2.99 5% 56.86 59.79 100% IIIb Karauli Karauli Critical 85.46 84.12 98.43 84.12 7 2.10 0.00 0.00 20 85.46 0.00 0% 85.46 0.00 - IIIb Karauli Nadoti Semi Critical 37.37 30.65 82.02 35.50 7 0.94 0.00 0.00 20 37.37 0.00 0% 37.37 0.00 - IIIb Karauli Sapotra Over Exploited 95.27 103.06 108.18 103.06 7 4.01 0.39 0.38 20 95.27 7.28 8% 87.99 145.52 100% IIIb Karauli Todabhim Over Exploited 51.99 108.89 209.44 108.89 7 1.05 2.85 2.61 20 51.99 5.20 10% 46.79 103.98 79% Sawai IIIb Madhopur Bamanwas Over Exploited 72.16 83.90 116.27 83.90 7 3.14 0.59 0.70 20 72.16 1.88 3% 70.28 37.55 100% Sawai IIIb Madhopur Bonli Over Exploited 63.31 69.73 110.14 69.73 7 1.37 0.32 0.46 20 63.31 0.66 1% 62.65 13.21 100% Sawai IIIb Madhopur Gangapur Over Exploited 60.16 106.37 176.81 106.37 7 1.48 2.31 2.17 20 60.16 2.82 5% 57.34 56.34 100% IVa Ajmer Jawaja Over Exploited 5.79 7.06 121.93 7.06 7 0.12 0.06 0.90 20 5.79 0.07 1% 5.72 1.50 100% IVa Bhilwara Asind Over Exploited 33.30 54.35 163.21 54.35 7 1.24 1.05 1.94 20 33.30 0.49 1% 32.81 9.84 100% IVa Bhilwara Banera Over Exploited 31.14 36.12 115.99 36.12 7 0.69 0.25 0.69 20 31.14 0.42 1% 30.72 8.47 100% IVa Bhilwara Hurda Over Exploited 21.39 25.18 117.72 25.18 7 0.30 0.19 0.75 20 21.39 0.39 2% 21.00 7.85 100% IVa Bhilwara Jahazpur Over Exploited 46.74 70.20 150.19 70.20 7 0.77 1.17 1.67 20 46.74 0.74 2% 46.00 14.75 100% IVa Bhilwara Kotri Over Exploited 42.35 54.17 127.91 54.17 7 0.53 0.59 1.09 20 42.35 0.45 1% 41.90 8.98 100% IVa Bhilwara Mandal Over Exploited 42.73 50.84 118.98 50.84 7 0.00 0.41 0.80 20 42.73 0.17 0% 42.56 3.49 100% IVa Bhilwara Mandalgarh Over Exploited 69.51 90.26 129.85 90.26 7 3.22 1.04 1.15 20 69.51 0.58 1% 68.93 11.54 100% IVa Bhilwara Raipur Over Exploited 19.68 32.75 166.41 32.75 7 0.77 0.65 2.00 20 19.68 0.08 0% 19.60 1.53 100% IVa Bhilwara Sahara Over Exploited 20.01 27.13 135.58 27.13 7 0.59 0.36 1.31 20 20.01 0.31 2% 19.70 6.10 100% IVa Bhilwara Shahpura Over Exploited 53.14 65.18 122.66 65.18 7 1.00 0.60 0.92 20 53.14 0.41 1% 52.73 8.29 100% IVa Bhilwara Suwana Over Exploited 37.34 56.82 152.17 56.82 7 0.82 0.97 1.71 20 37.34 0.48 1% 36.86 9.69 100% IVa Chittor Bari Sadri Over Exploited 20.71 36.81 177.74 36.81 7 0.06 0.81 2.19 20 20.71 0.23 1% 20.48 4.66 100% IVa Chittor Begun Over Exploited 33.36 57.56 172.54 57.56 7 0.71 1.21 2.10 20 33.36 0.16 0% 33.20 3.19 100% IVa Chittor Bhadesar Over Exploited 24.31 35.94 147.84 35.94 7 1.12 0.58 1.62 20 24.31 1.02 4% 23.29 20.34 100% IVa Chittor Bhainsrorgarh Over Exploited 26.86 36.27 135.03 36.27 7 1.09 0.47 1.30 20 26.86 0.27 1% 26.59 5.46 100% IVa Chittor Bhopalsagar Over Exploited 17.79 21.56 121.19 21.56 7 0.32 0.19 0.87 20 17.79 0.17 1% 17.62 3.31 100% IVa Chittor Chittaurgarh Over Exploited 43.59 76.72 176.00 76.72 7 0.00 1.66 2.16 20 43.59 0.40 1% 43.19 8.00 100% IVa Chittor Dungla Over Exploited 24.31 34.24 140.85 34.24 7 0.14 0.50 1.45 20 24.31 0.26 1% 24.05 5.17 100% IVa Chittor Gangrar Over Exploited 24.77 39.78 160.60 39.78 7 0.95 0.75 1.89 20 24.77 0.19 1% 24.58 3.86 100% IVa Chittor Kapasan Over Exploited 17.21 34.25 199.01 34.25 7 0.12 0.85 2.49 20 17.21 0.25 1% 16.96 4.94 100% IVa Chittor Nimbahera Over Exploited 58.32 111.57 191.31 111.57 7 1.92 2.66 2.39 20 58.32 0.40 1% 57.92 8.03 100% IVa Chittor Rashmi Over Exploited 20.52 27.60 134.50 27.60 7 0.10 0.35 1.28 20 20.52 0.18 1% 20.34 3.61 100% IVa Pratapgarh Chhoti Sadri Over Exploited 25.61 39.36 153.69 39.36 7 0.00 0.69 1.75 20 25.61 0.78 3% 24.83 15.69 100% IVa Pratapgarh Pratapgarh Over Exploited 42.79 70.15 163.94 70.15 7 1.13 1.37 1.95 20 42.79 0.00 0% 42.79 0.00 - IVa Rajsamand Amet Over Exploited 15.01 17.26 114.99 17.26 7 0.00 0.11 0.65 20 15.01 0.17 1% 14.84 3.47 100% IVa Rajsamand Bhim Over Exploited 11.38 15.55 136.64 15.55 7 0.00 0.21 1.34 20 11.38 0.25 2% 11.13 5.08 100% IVa Rajsamand Deogarh Over Exploited 10.23 11.74 114.76 11.74 7 0.00 0.08 0.64 20 10.23 0.12 1% 10.11 2.34 100% IVa Rajsamand Khamnor Over Exploited 22.77 25.27 110.98 25.27 7 0.00 0.13 0.49 20 22.77 0.04 0% 22.73 0.79 100% Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R-13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 175

STUDY ON PLANNING OF WATER RESOURCES OF RAJASTHAN

Stage 1 - Controlled Draft (2014-2020) Stage 2 - Achieving Balanced Drafts at 2040 Stage 3 - Rehabilitation (2041-2060) Estimated Dynamic GW Recommended Recommended Recommended Estimated Stage of Expected Recommended Recommended Recommended Recovery GW Draft Recommended Stage Draft Stage draft Max. Accumulated ACZ District Block Category Development water Draft Max. Draft draft by 2060 Availability 2010 Max. Draft Duration Decrease Duration Decrease Draft at Storage 2010 (%) Shortage 1 Decrease at 2040 Decrease (% from (MCM) (MCM) (MCM/y) (years) Rate (years) Rate 2060 Recovery (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) (MCM/y) Rate (%/y) 1980 (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM/y) (MCM) storage) IVa Rajsamand Kumbhalgarh Over Exploited 18.52 21.64 116.85 21.64 7 0.27 0.16 0.72 20 18.52 0.17 1% 18.35 3.30 100% IVa Rajsamand Railmagra Over Exploited 16.87 20.33 120.51 20.33 7 0.00 0.17 0.85 20 16.87 0.33 2% 16.54 6.51 100% IVa Rajsamand Rajsamand Over Exploited 15.52 19.58 126.16 19.58 7 0.00 0.20 1.04 20 15.52 0.25 2% 15.27 4.93 100% IVa Sirohi Abu Road Semi Critical 26.08 25.61 98.20 25.61 7 0.57 0.00 0.00 20 26.08 0.00 0% 26.08 0.00 - IVa Sirohi Pindwara Semi Critical 45.29 44.88 99.09 44.88 7 0.79 0.00 0.00 20 45.29 0.00 0% 45.29 0.00 - IVa Udaipur Bargaon Over Exploited 11.97 13.69 114.37 13.69 7 0.00 0.09 0.63 20 11.97 0.20 2% 11.77 4.00 100% IVa Udaipur Bhindar Over Exploited 25.25 37.21 147.37 37.21 7 0.00 0.60 1.61 20 25.25 0.40 2% 24.85 8.08 100% IVa Udaipur Girwa Over Exploited 33.64 40.21 119.53 40.21 7 0.00 0.33 0.82 20 33.64 0.09 0% 33.55 1.85 100% IVa Udaipur Gogunda Over Exploited 24.24 28.02 115.59 28.02 7 0.29 0.19 0.67 20 24.24 0.11 0% 24.13 2.29 100% IVa Udaipur Jhadol Critical 22.51 21.15 93.96 21.15 7 0.23 0.00 0.00 20 22.51 0.00 0% 22.51 0.00 - IVa Udaipur Kherwara Critical 23.39 21.20 90.64 21.20 7 0.29 0.00 0.00 20 23.39 0.00 0% 23.39 0.00 - IVa Udaipur Rishabhdeo Critical 12.64 12.59 99.60 12.59 7 0.25 0.00 0.00 20 12.64 0.00 0% 12.64 0.00 - IVa Udaipur Kotra Semi Critical 15.92 13.23 83.10 15.12 7 0.37 0.00 0.00 20 15.92 0.00 0% 15.92 0.00 - IVa Udaipur Mavli Over Exploited 25.72 35.65 138.61 35.65 7 0.00 0.50 1.39 20 25.72 0.06 0% 25.66 1.24 100% IVa Udaipur Sarada Critical 24.03 24.01 99.92 24.01 7 0.18 0.00 0.00 20 24.03 0.00 0% 24.03 0.00 - IVb Banswara Anandpuri Safe 18.73 10.36 55.31 13.55 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 17.79 0.00 0% 17.79 0.00 - IVb Banswara Bagidora Safe 28.01 15.81 56.44 21.89 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 26.61 0.00 0% 26.61 0.00 - IVb Banswara Chhoti Sarvan Safe 15.16 7.11 46.90 9.19 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 14.40 0.00 0% 14.40 0.00 - IVb Banswara Garhi Safe 56.70 23.87 42.10 29.27 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 53.87 0.00 0% 53.87 0.00 - IVb Banswara Ghatol Safe 45.44 16.04 35.30 21.40 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 43.17 0.00 0% 43.17 0.00 - IVb Banswara Kushalgarh Semi Critical 18.54 14.02 75.62 16.01 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 17.61 0.00 0% 17.61 0.00 - IVb Banswara Sajjangarh Safe 14.01 6.81 48.61 8.21 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 13.31 0.00 0% 13.31 0.00 - IVb Banswara Banswara Safe 47.57 29.27 61.53 35.13 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 45.19 0.00 0% 45.19 0.00 - IVb Dungarpur Aspur Safe 40.38 18.40 45.57 20.26 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 38.36 0.00 0% 38.36 0.00 - IVb Dungarpur Bichhiwara Semi Critical 21.58 18.96 87.86 18.96 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 18.96 0.00 0% 18.96 0.00 - IVb Dungarpur Dungarpur Semi Critical 14.79 13.31 89.99 13.31 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 13.31 0.00 0% 13.31 0.00 - IVb Dungarpur Sagwara Semi Critical 21.83 16.91 77.46 18.07 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 20.74 0.00 0% 20.74 0.00 - IVb Dungarpur Simalwara Semi Critical 40.91 32.69 79.91 37.17 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 38.86 0.00 0% 38.86 0.00 - IVb Pratapgarh Arnod Over Exploited 34.47 46.98 136.29 46.98 7 1.32 0.63 1.33 20 34.47 0.16 0% 34.31 3.27 100% IVb Pratapgarh Dhariawad Critical 30.02 28.55 95.10 28.55 7 0.46 0.00 0.00 20 30.02 0.00 0% 30.02 0.00 - IVb Pratapgarh Peepalkhoont Safe 14.66 10.00 68.21 13.93 7 0.85 0.00 0.00 20 14.66 0.00 0% 14.66 0.00 - IVb Udaipur Lasadiya Critical 9.51 9.29 97.69 9.29 7 0.03 0.00 0.00 20 9.51 0.00 0% 9.51 0.00 - IVb Udaipur Salumbar Semi Critical 34.83 33.17 95.23 33.17 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 33.17 0.00 0% 33.17 0.00 - V Baran Antah Over Exploited 70.31 78.76 112.02 78.76 7 2.76 0.42 0.54 20 70.31 0.59 1% 69.72 11.87 100% V Baran Atru Over Exploited 54.23 88.89 163.91 88.89 7 1.27 1.73 1.95 20 54.23 1.15 2% 53.08 23.00 100% V Baran Baran Over Exploited 70.96 133.08 187.54 133.08 7 5.49 3.11 2.33 20 70.96 1.15 2% 69.81 23.07 100% V Baran Chhabra Over Exploited 59.32 68.37 115.26 68.37 7 0.97 0.45 0.66 20 59.32 0.34 1% 58.98 6.73 100% V Baran Chhipabarod Over Exploited 57.94 92.26 159.23 92.26 7 0.49 1.72 1.86 20 57.94 0.30 1% 57.64 6.08 100% V Baran Kishanganj Semi Critical 84.53 75.66 89.51 80.30 7 3.45 0.00 0.00 20 84.53 0.00 0% 84.53 0.00 - V Baran Shahbad Safe 61.72 37.05 60.03 49.41 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 58.63 0.00 0% 58.63 0.00 - V Bundi Hindoli Over Exploited 59.88 72.40 120.91 72.40 7 1.22 0.63 0.86 20 59.88 0.73 1% 59.15 14.69 100% V Bundi Talera Critical 53.78 51.14 95.09 51.14 7 2.07 0.00 0.00 20 53.78 0.00 0% 53.78 0.00 - V Bundi Keshorai Patan Semi Critical 119.71 96.13 80.30 113.72 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 20 113.72 0.00 0% 113.72 0.00 - V Bundi Nainwa Over Exploited 56.03 65.60 117.08 65.60 7 0.92 0.48 0.73 20 56.03 1.16 2% 54.87 23.17 100% V Bundi Bundi Over Exploited 59.63 65.63 110.06 65.63 7 5.12 0.30 0.46 20 59.63 1.07 2% 58.56 21.48 100% V Jhalawar Bakani Over Exploited 58.57 79.87 136.37 79.87 7 0.72 1.07 1.33 20 58.57 0.28 0% 58.29 5.56 100% V Jhalawar Dag Over Exploited 63.28 76.85 121.44 76.85 7 2.22 0.68 0.88 20 63.28 0.58 1% 62.70 11.54 100% V Jhalawar Jhalrapatan Over Exploited 73.14 91.97 125.75 91.97 7 0.83 0.94 1.02 20 73.14 0.46 1% 72.68 9.26 100% V Jhalawar Khanpur Critical 72.77 69.91 96.07 69.91 7 0.76 0.00 0.00 20 72.77 0.00 0% 72.77 0.00 - V Jhalawar Manohar Thana Over Exploited 70.61 85.52 121.12 85.52 7 2.87 0.75 0.87 20 70.61 0.57 1% 70.04 11.36 100% V Jhalawar Pirawa Over Exploited 75.37 95.60 126.84 95.60 7 0.80 1.01 1.06 20 75.37 0.63 1% 74.74 12.55 100% V Kota Itawa Semi Critical 128.32 101.36 78.99 121.90 7 5.73 0.00 0.00 20 128.32 0.00 0% 128.32 0.00 - V Kota Khairabad Over Exploited 51.39 68.50 133.29 68.50 7 2.50 0.86 1.25 20 51.39 1.09 2% 50.30 21.86 100% V Kota Ladpur Semi Critical 121.10 107.02 88.37 115.05 7 4.77 0.00 0.00 20 121.10 0.00 0% 121.10 0.00 - V Kota Sangod Over Exploited 73.23 97.73 133.46 97.73 7 2.09 1.23 1.25 20 73.23 3.25 4% 69.98 65.06 100% V Kota Sultanpura Semi Critical 116.46 103.71 89.05 110.64 7 7.97 0.00 0.00 20 116.46 0.00 0% 116.46 0.00 - V Sawai Madhopur Khandar Over Exploited 80.89 83.60 103.35 83.60 7 3.87 0.14 0.16 20 80.89 1.95 2% 78.94 38.93 100% V Sawai Madhopur Sawai Madhopur Over Exploited 75.92 111.28 146.58 111.28 7 3.15 1.77 1.59 20 75.92 1.27 2% 74.65 25.32 100%

Report # 4.4 IN-24740-R-13-075 July, 2014 Groundwater Study by Agroclimatic Zones 176