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Studi Tingkat Bahaya Longsor Di Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan

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Studi Tingkat Bahaya Longsor Di Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan Jurnal Azimut Vol. 1, No. 1, Desember 2018 (10-18) ©2018 Program Studi Geografi UNITAS Padang https://ojs.unitas-pdg.ac.id/index.php/azimut STUDI TINGKAT BAHAYA LONGSOR DI KECAMATAN KOTO PARIK GADANG DIATEH KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN Nina Ismayani Program Studi Geografi, Universitas Tamansiswa Padang *Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This experiment have a purpose to describe about characteristic a land in the Koto Parik Gadang Diateh subdistrict South Solok regency, the grade of slide hazard in the Koto Parik Gadang Diateh subdistrict South Solok regency and spatial share the grade of slide in the Koto Parik Gadang Diateh subdistrict South Solok regency. The genre of the experiment is describe with use a metod survey, data source is primer data result direct in the field and labororatorium, whereas sekunder data is a reference source and analytical result in the library. Experiment technic is use a stratified random technik. The product of experiment explain about: characteristic the land in the experiment zone have 7 land squad grade of hazard slide is: (1) grade of hazard slide is low. (2) grade of hazard slide is medium. (3) grade of hazard slide is hing. Keywords: characteristic, land, grad, hazard slide ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan mengenai karakteristik lahan di Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan, tingkat bahaya longsor di Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan dan sebaran spasial tingkat bahaya longsor di Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey, sumber dataa dalah data primer yang diperoleh secara langsung di lapangan dan di laboratorium, sedangkan data sekunder merupakan sumber acuan dan analisis yang diperoleh dari perpustakaan. Teknik penelitian ini yaitu dengan memakai teknik stratified random. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa : karakteristik lahan didaerah penelitian ada 7 satuan lahan, tingkat bahaya longsor yaitu: (1) tingkat bahaya longsor rendah. (2) tingkat bahaya longsor sedang. (3) tingkat bahaya longsor tinggi. Kata Kunci: karakteristik, lahan, tingkat, bahaya longsor https://ojs.unitas-pdg.ac.id/index.php/azimut |10 Vol. 1, No. 1, Desember 2018 (10-18) 1. PENDAHULUAN Tanah longsor merupakan suatu Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara peristiwa alam yang pada saat ini frekuensi dengan tingkat kerawanan tinggi terhadap kejadiannya semakin meningkat.Fenomena berbagai ancaman bencana alam. Hal ini alam ini berubah menjadi bencana alam. dibuktikan dengan terjadinya berbagai Tanah longsor tersebut dapat menimbulkan bencana yang melanda berbagai wilayah korban, baik berupa korban jiwa maupun secara terus menerus, yang disebabkan oleh kerugian harta benda dan hasil budaya alam atau ulah manusia yang terjadi secara manusia. Indonesia yang sebagian wilayahnya tiba-tiba atau perlahan-lahan yang menimpa berupa daerah perbukitan dan pegunungan dengan hebatnya, sehingga masyarakat yang menyebabkan sebagian wilayah Indonesia terkena bencana harus menanggapinya dengan menjadi daerah yang rawan terhadap tanah tindakan yang luar biasa, dimana merugikan longsor. Intensitas curah hujan yang tinggi dan kehidupan manusia, harta, benda, atau kejadian gempa yang sering muncul secara aktivitas bila meningkat menjadi bencana alami akan dapat memicu terjadinya bencana (Bakornas PBP, 1998; Utomo, 2006; alam tanah longsor. Daerah Kecamatan Koto Darmawan, 2008). Bencana longsor sangat Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupaten Solok Selatan sering terjadi di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan merupakan daerah yang memiliki perbukitan karena Indonesia merupakan daerah subduksi, dan berlereng. Melihat kondisi wilayah sehingga mempunyai topografi yang tersebut ada beberapa tempat yang mempunyai bergunung-gunung yang menjadikan lahan potensi rawan pada musim hujan, dan bahaya mempunyai lereng yang landai sampai curam, akan terjadinya longsor. Kepala Badan dengan curah hujan yang relatif tinggi setiap Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Solok tahunnya. Kombinasi curah hujan yang tinggi Selatan menyatakan bahwa terjadi becana dan kondisi geomorfologi yang cukup longsor di daerah Sungai Ipuh nagari Pakan kompleks di beberapa wilayah Indonesia Rabaa kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh mengakibatkan longsor menjadi suatu hal yang pada tanggal 22 Desember 2012 menyebutkan sudah biasa terjadi, (Karnawati, 2005; Andreas longsor yang terjadi sekitar pukul 00.00 WIB et al., 2007; Sariri et al., 2007). Secara menelan tiga orang korban diantaranya Yosi geografis posisi wilayah Indonesia memeng Fitriani (12), Triyuliandra Sari (8), dan daerah yang rawan terhadap bencana, ini Nurbaiti (61). disebabkan oleh empat factor (Marlina, 2010) Secara umum kejadian longsor diantaranya : disebabkan oleh dua faktor yaitu faktor (1) Indonesia dilalui oleh tiga jalur lempeng pendorong dan faktor pemicu. Faktor dunia yaitu lempeng Indo-australia, pendorong adalah faktor-faktor yang lempeng Eurasia, kemudian lempeng memengaruhi kondisi material sendiri, Pasifik. Pergerakan lempeng-lempeng sedangkan faktor pemicu adalah faktor yang tersebut menyebabkan terbentuknya jalur menyebabkan bergeraknya material tersebut. gempa bumi, rangkaian gunung api aktif Meskipun penyebab utama kejadian ini serta patahan-patahan geologi yang adalah gravitasi yang memengaruhi suatu merupakan zona rawan bencana bumi dan lereng yang curam, namun ada pula faktor- tanah longsor, faktor lainnya yang turut berpengaruh seperti (2) topografi daerah yang berfariasi yaitu erosi yang disebabkan aliran air permukaan/ adanya daratan dan juga pegunungan, air hujan, sungai sungai atau gelombang laut (3) Indonesia terletak pada daerah khatulisti- yang menggerus kaki lereng-lereng bertambah wa yang merupan daerah dengan curah curam. Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh hujan yang tinggi yang sangat (KPGD), Kabupaten Solok Selatan merupakan mempengaruhi terhadap longsor itu daerah yang rawan akan bahaya longsor, yang sendiri, diakibat desakan akan kebutuhan lahan baik (4) pemukiman penduduk yang mengelompok. untuk pertanian maupun non pertanian telah memaksa penduduk memanfaatkan lahan 11 Vol. 1, No. 1, Desember 2018 (10-18) perbukitan dan pegunungan yang rawan 1.2. Iklim terhadap longsor. Kurangnya pemahaman atas Iklim memberikan kontribusi yang perwatakan proses longsor lahan cukup besar terhadap longsor. Parameter iklim mengakibatkan semakin berkembangnya tersebut berupa curah hujan yang terdiri dari gejala longsor di daerah penelitian. jumlah bulan basah dan jumlah bulan kering.Bulan basah merupakan jumlah hujan 2. METODOLOGI dengan rata-rata >100 mm/bulan, sedangkan Penelitian yang akan dilakukan termasuk bulan kering merupakan bulan dengan jumlah kategori penelitian deskriptif dengan metode hujan rata-rata <60 mm/bulan (Triyatno, yang digunakan adalah metode survey, 2004). Arikunto (2005) menyatakan bahwa penelitian Data curah hujan penelitian didapatkan deskriptif marupakan penelitian yang dari dinas PSDA Sumatera Barat dengan dimaksudkan untuk mengumpulkan informasi stasiun curah hujan Sungai Ipuh Kecamatan mengenai status atau gejala yang ada yaitu Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Kabupten Solok keadaan menurut apa adanya pada saat Selatan. Data curah hujan yang diguakan penelitian dilakukan. Penelitian deskriptif adalah data hujan rata-rata bulanan selama 5 perlu memenfaatkan atau menciptakan tahun terakhir menunjukkan Kecamatan Koto konsep-konsep ilmiah, sekaligus berfunggsi Parik Gadang Diateh memiliki jumlah bulan mengadakan suatu spasifikasi mengenai basah sebanyak empat puloh delapan dan gejala-gejala fisik yang dipersoalkan. Hasil jumlah bulan kering sebanyak satu ditunjukan penelitiannya adalah difokuskan untuk bahwa Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh memberikan gambaran keadaan sebenarnya mempunyai tipe iklim A yaitu tipe iklim dari objek yang diteliti. sangat basah. Dengan kondisi curah hujan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang 2.1. Posisi Astronomis Daerah Penelitian Diateh, maka hal ini merupakan salah satu Wilayah Kabupaten Solok Selatan pemicu untuk terjadinya longsor pada daerah- terletak pada ketinggian 350 - 430 m diatas daerah dengan kondisi karakteristik yang tidak permukaan laut. Kawasan Koto Parik Gadang stabil. Diateh terletak di Kabupaten Solok Selatan, memiliki luas daerah 524,10 km2 dengan 3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN memiliki curah hujan 1190 mm/tahun. Lokasi pada penelitian ini dibatasi pada ketinggian 3.1 Karakteristik Lahan di Kecamatan 458 m di atas permukaan laut. Secara geo- Koto Parik Gadang Diateh (KPGD) grafis daerah penelitian terletak antara 010 17' Kabupaten Solok Selatan 0 0 13" - 01 36' 04" Lintang Selatan, 100 53' 24" Hasil analisis tingkat bahaya longsor di 0 - 101 13' 10" Bujur Timur. Selanjutnya secara lokasi penelitan berdasarkan formula administrasi lokasi penelitian adalah sebagai pengharkatan yang di kemukakan oleh Zuidam berikut: (1997) dalam Hermon dan Khairani (2009), 1. Sebelah Utara: Kecamatan Pantai Cermin dimodifikasi. Diperoleh tiga kelas bahaya dan Lembah Gumanti longsor, yaitu kelas tingkat bahaya longsor 2. Sebelah Selatan: Kecamatan Sangir dengan kriteria rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. 3. Sebelah Barat: Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan Karakteristik sifat-sifat lahan pada tingkat 4. Sebelah Timur: Kabupaten Dharmasraya bahaya longsor rendah dapat dilihat pada Kecamatan Koto Parik Gadang Diateh Tabel 1. 2 mempnyai luas daerah 524,10 km , dengan jumlah penduduk 24.658 jiwa yang terdiri dari Tabel 1. Karakteristik Lahan dengan Tingkat empat nagari : Bahaya Longsor Rendah (1) Nagari Pakan Rabaa, Faktor
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