Heavy Quark Spin Multiplet Structure of P
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
MODERN DEVELOPMENT of MAGNETIC RESONANCE Abstracts 2020 KAZAN * RUSSIA
MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE abstracts 2020 KAZAN * RUSSIA OF MA NT GN E E M T P IC O L R E E V S E O N D A N N R C E E D O M K 20 AZAN 20 MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE ABSTRACTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP “DIAMOND-BASED QUANTUM SYSTEMS FOR SENSING AND QUANTUM INFORMATION” Editors: ALEXEY A. KALACHEV KEV M. SALIKHOV KAZAN, SEPTEMBER 28–OCTOBER 2, 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. © 2020 Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan © 2020 Igor A. Aksenov, graphic design Printed in Russian Federation Published by Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan www.kfti.knc.ru v CHAIRMEN Alexey A. Kalachev Kev M. Salikhov PROGRAM COMMITTEE Kev Salikhov, chairman (Russia) Vadim Atsarkin (Russia) Elena Bagryanskaya (Russia) Pavel Baranov (Russia) Marina Bennati (Germany) Robert Bittl (Germany) Bernhard Blümich (Germany) Michael Bowman (USA) Gerd Buntkowsky (Germany) Sergei Demishev (Russia) Sabine Van Doorslaer (Belgium) Rushana Eremina (Russia) Jack Freed (USA) Philip Hemmer (USA) Konstantin Ivanov (Russia) Alexey Kalachev (Russia) Vladislav Kataev (Germany) Walter Kockenberger (Great Britain) Wolfgang Lubitz (Germany) Anders Lund (Sweden) Sergei Nikitin (Russia) Klaus Möbius (Germany) Hitoshi Ohta (Japan) Igor Ovchinnikov (Russia) Vladimir Skirda (Russia) Alexander Smirnov( Russia) Graham Smith (Great Britain) Mark Smith (Great Britain) Murat Tagirov (Russia) Takeji Takui (Japan) Valery Tarasov (Russia) Violeta Voronkova (Russia) vi LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Kalachev A.A., chairman Kupriyanova O.O. -
Two Tests of Isospin Symmetry Break
THE ISOBARIC MULTIPLET MASS EQUATION AND ft VALUE OF THE 0+ 0+ FERMI TRANSITION IN 32Ar: TWO TESTS OF ISOSPIN ! SYMMETRY BREAKING A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Notre Dame in Partial Ful¯llment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Smarajit Triambak Alejandro Garc¶³a, Director Umesh Garg, Director Graduate Program in Physics Notre Dame, Indiana July 2007 c Copyright by ° Smarajit Triambak 2007 All Rights Reserved THE ISOBARIC MULTIPLET MASS EQUATION AND ft VALUE OF THE 0+ 0+ FERMI TRANSITION IN 32Ar: TWO TESTS OF ISOSPIN ! SYMMETRY BREAKING Abstract by Smarajit Triambak This dissertation describes two high-precision measurements concerning isospin symmetry breaking in nuclei. 1. We determined, with unprecedented accuracy and precision, the excitation energy of the lowest T = 2; J ¼ = 0+ state in 32S using the 31P(p; γ) reaction. This excitation energy, together with the ground state mass of 32S, provides the most stringent test of the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME) for the A = 32, T = 2 multiplet. We observe a signi¯cant disagreement with the IMME and investigate the possibility of isospin mixing with nearby 0+ levels to cause such an e®ect. In addition, as byproducts of this work, we present a precise determination of the relative γ-branches and an upper limit on the isospin violating branch from the lowest T = 2 state in 32S. 2. We obtained the superallowed branch for the 0+ 0+ Fermi decay of ! 32Ar. This involved precise determinations of the beta-delayed proton and γ branches. The γ-ray detection e±ciency calibration was done using pre- cisely determined γ-ray yields from the daughter 32Cl nucleus from an- other independent measurement using a fast tape-transport system at Texas Smarajit Triambak A&M University. -
4 Muon Capture on the Deuteron 7 4.1 Theoretical Framework
February 8, 2008 Muon Capture on the Deuteron The MuSun Experiment MuSun Collaboration model-independent connection via EFT http://www.npl.uiuc.edu/exp/musun V.A. Andreeva, R.M. Careye, V.A. Ganzhaa, A. Gardestigh, T. Gorringed, F.E. Grayg, D.W. Hertzogb, M. Hildebrandtc, P. Kammelb, B. Kiburgb, S. Knaackb, P.A. Kravtsova, A.G. Krivshicha, K. Kuboderah, B. Laussc, M. Levchenkoa, K.R. Lynche, E.M. Maeva, O.E. Maeva, F. Mulhauserb, F. Myhrerh, C. Petitjeanc, G.E. Petrova, R. Prieelsf , G.N. Schapkina, G.G. Semenchuka, M.A. Sorokaa, V. Tishchenkod, A.A. Vasilyeva, A.A. Vorobyova, M.E. Vznuzdaeva, P. Winterb aPetersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina 188350, Russia bUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA cPaul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland dUniversity of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA eBoston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA f Universit´eCatholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium gRegis University, Denver, CO 80221, USA hUniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA Co-spokespersons underlined. 1 Abstract: We propose to measure the rate Λd for muon capture on the deuteron to better than 1.5% precision. This process is the simplest weak interaction process on a nucleus that can both be calculated and measured to a high degree of precision. The measurement will provide a benchmark result, far more precise than any current experimental information on weak interaction processes in the two-nucleon system. Moreover, it can impact our understanding of fundamental reactions of astrophysical interest, like solar pp fusion and the ν + d reactions observed by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. -
7. Examples of Magnetic Energy Diagrams. P.1. April 16, 2002 7
7. Examples of Magnetic Energy Diagrams. There are several very important cases of electron spin magnetic energy diagrams to examine in detail, because they appear repeatedly in many photochemical systems. The fundamental magnetic energy diagrams are those for a single electron spin at zero and high field and two correlated electron spins at zero and high field. The word correlated will be defined more precisely later, but for now we use it in the sense that the electron spins are correlated by electron exchange interactions and are thereby required to maintain a strict phase relationship. Under these circumstances, the terms singlet and triplet are meaningful in discussing magnetic resonance and chemical reactivity. From these fundamental cases the magnetic energy diagram for coupling of a single electron spin with a nuclear spin (we shall consider only couplings with nuclei with spin 1/2) at zero and high field and the coupling of two correlated electron spins with a nuclear spin are readily derived and extended to the more complicated (and more realistic) cases of couplings of electron spins to more than one nucleus or to magnetic moments generated from other sources (spin orbit coupling, spin lattice coupling, spin photon coupling, etc.). Magentic Energy Diagram for A Single Electron Spin and Two Coupled Electron Spins. Zero Field. Figure 14 displays the magnetic energy level diagram for the two fundamental cases of : (1) a single electron spin, a doublet or D state and (2) two correlated electron spins, which may be a triplet, T, or singlet, S state. In zero field (ignoring the electron exchange interaction and only considering the magnetic interactions) all of the magnetic energy levels are degenerate because there is no preferred orientation of the angular momentum and therefore no preferred orientation of the magnetic moment due to spin. -
Andreev Bound States in the Kondo Quantum Dots Coupled to Superconducting Leads
IOP PUBLISHING JOURNAL OF PHYSICS: CONDENSED MATTER J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 (2008) 415225 (6pp) doi:10.1088/0953-8984/20/41/415225 Andreev bound states in the Kondo quantum dots coupled to superconducting leads Jong Soo Lim and Mahn-Soo Choi Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea E-mail: [email protected] Received 26 May 2008, in final form 4 August 2008 Published 22 September 2008 Online at stacks.iop.org/JPhysCM/20/415225 Abstract We have studied the Kondo quantum dot coupled to two superconducting leads and investigated the subgap Andreev states using the NRG method. Contrary to the recent NCA results (Clerk and Ambegaokar 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 9109; Sellier et al 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 174502), we observe Andreev states both below and above the Fermi level. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version) 1. Introduction Using the non-crossing approximation (NCA), Clerk and Ambegaokar [8] investigated the close relation between the 0– When a localized spin (in an impurity or a quantum dot) is π transition in IS(φ) and the Andreev states. They found that coupled to BCS-type s-wave superconductors [1], two strong there is only one subgap Andreev state and that the Andreev correlation effects compete with each other. On the one hand, state is located below (above) the Fermi energy EF in the the superconductivity tends to keep the conduction electrons doublet (singlet) state. They provided an intuitively appealing in singlet pairs [1], leaving the local spin unscreened. -
Isotopic Fractionation of Carbon, Deuterium, and Nitrogen: a Full Chemical Study?
A&A 576, A99 (2015) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201425113 & c ESO 2015 Astrophysics Isotopic fractionation of carbon, deuterium, and nitrogen: a full chemical study? E. Roueff1;2, J. C. Loison3, and K. M. Hickson3 1 LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR8112, Place Janssen, 92190 Meudon Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France 3 ISM, Université de Bordeaux – CNRS, UMR 5255, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France e-mail: [email protected] Received 6 October 2014 / Accepted 5 January 2015 ABSTRACT Context. The increased sensitivity and high spectral resolution of millimeter telescopes allow the detection of an increasing number of isotopically substituted molecules in the interstellar medium. The 14N/15N ratio is difficult to measure directly for molecules con- taining carbon. Aims. Using a time-dependent gas-phase chemical model, we check the underlying hypothesis that the 13C/12C ratio of nitriles and isonitriles is equal to the elemental value. Methods. We built a chemical network that contains D, 13C, and 15N molecular species after a careful check of the possible fraction- ation reactions at work in the gas phase. Results. Model results obtained for two different physical conditions that correspond to a moderately dense cloud in an early evolu- tionary stage and a dense, depleted prestellar core tend to show that ammonia and its singly deuterated form are somewhat enriched 15 14 15 + in N, which agrees with observations. The N/ N ratio in N2H is found to be close to the elemental value, in contrast to previous 15 + models that obtain a significant enrichment, because we found that the fractionation reaction between N and N2H has a barrier in + 15 + + 15 + the entrance channel. -
7 2 Singleionanisotropy
7.2 Dipolar Interactions and Single Ion Anisotropy in Metal Ions Up to this point, we have been making two assumptions about the spin carriers in our molecules: 1. There is no coupling between the 2S+1Γ ground state and some excited state(s) arising from the same free-ion state through the spin-orbit coupling. 2. The 2S+1Γ ground state has no first-order angular momentum. Now, let’s look at how to treat molecules for which the first assumption is not true. In other words, molecules in which we can no longer neglect the coupling between the ground state and some excited state(s) arising from the same free-ion state through spin orbit coupling. For simplicity, we will assume that there is no exchange coupling between magnetic centers, so we are dealing with an isolated molecule with, for example, one paramagnetic metal ion. Recall: Lˆ lˆ is the total electronic orbital momentum operator = ∑ i i Sˆ sˆ is the total electronic spin momentum operator = ∑ i i where the sums run over the electrons of the open shells. *NOTE*: The excited states are assumed to be high enough in energy to be totally depopulated in the temperature range of interest. • This spin-orbit coupling between ground and unpopulated excited states may lead to two phenomena: 1. anisotropy of the g-factor 2. and, if the ground state has a larger spin multiplicity than a doublet (i.e., S > ½), zero-field splitting of the ground state energy levels. • Note that this spin-orbit coupling between the ground state and an unpopulated excited state can be described by λLˆ ⋅ Sˆ . -
The Taste of New Physics: Flavour Violation from Tev-Scale Phenomenology to Grand Unification Björn Herrmann
The taste of new physics: Flavour violation from TeV-scale phenomenology to Grand Unification Björn Herrmann To cite this version: Björn Herrmann. The taste of new physics: Flavour violation from TeV-scale phenomenology to Grand Unification. High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]. Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes, 2019. tel-02181811 HAL Id: tel-02181811 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02181811 Submitted on 12 Jul 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The taste of new physics: Flavour violation from TeV-scale phenomenology to Grand Unification Habilitation thesis presented by Dr. BJÖRN HERRMANN Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes Université Savoie Mont Blanc – CNRS and publicly defended on JUNE 12, 2019 before the examination committee composed of Dr. GENEVIÈVE BÉLANGER CNRS Annecy President Dr. SACHA DAVIDSON CNRS Montpellier Examiner Prof. ALDO DEANDREA Univ. Lyon Referee Prof. ULRICH ELLWANGER Univ. Paris-Saclay Referee Dr. SABINE KRAML CNRS Grenoble Examiner Prof. FABIO MALTONI Univ. Catholique de Louvain Referee July 12, 2019 ii “We shall not cease from exploration, and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time.” T. -
Lecture 7: the Quark Model and SU(3)Flavor
Lecture 7: The Quark Model and SU(3)flavor September 13, 2018 Review: Isospin • Can classify hadrons with similar mass (and same spin & P) but different charge into multiplets • Examples: 0 π+ 1 p N ≡ Π ≡ π0 n @ A π− p = 1 1 2 2 π+ = j1; 1i π0 = j1; 0i n = 1 − 1 2 2 π− = j1; −1i • Isospin has the same algebra as spin: SU(2) I Can confirm this by comparing decay or scattering rates for different members of the same isomultiplet I Rates related by normal Clebsh-Gordon coefficients Review: Strangeness • In 1950's a new class of hadrons seen I Produced in πp interaction via Strong Interaction I But travel measureable distance before decay, so decay is weak ) 9 conserved quantum number preventing the strong decay Putting Strangeness and Isospin together • Strange hadrons tend to be heavier than non-strange ones with the same spin and parity J P Name Mass (MeV) 0− π± 140 K± 494 1− ρ± 775 K∗± 892 • Associate strange particles with the isospin multiplets Adding Particles to the Axes: Pseudoscalar Mesons • Pions have S = 0 • From π−p ! Λ0K0 define K0 • Three charge states ) I = 1 to have S = 1 • • Draw the isotriplet: If strangeness an additive quantum number, 9 anti-K0 with S = −1 • Also, K+ and K− must be particle-antiparticle pair: (eg from φ ! K+K−) But this is not the whole story There are 9 pseudoscalar mesons (not 7)! The Pseudoscalar Mesons • Will try to explain this using group theory Introduction to Group Theory (via SU(2) Isospin) • Fundamental SU(2) representation: a doublet u 1 0 χ = so u = d = d 0 1 • Infinitesmal generators of isospin -
SU(3) Systematization of Baryons Is to Group Known Baryons Into SU(3) Singlets, Octets and Decuplets
RUB-TPII-20/2005 SU(3) systematization of baryons V. Guzey Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik II, Ruhr-Universit¨at Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany M.V. Polyakov Institut f¨ur Theoretische Physik II, Ruhr-Universit¨at Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany, and Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, St. Petersburg 188300, Russia Abstract We review the spectrum of all baryons with the mass less than approximately 2000-2200 MeV using methods based on the approximate flavor SU(3) symmetry of arXiv:hep-ph/0512355v1 28 Dec 2005 the strong interaction. The application of the Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formulas and SU(3)-symmetric predictions for two-body hadronic decays allows us to successfully catalogue almost all known baryons in twenty-one SU(3) multiplets. In order to have complete multiplets, we predict the existence of several strange particles, most notably the Λ hyperon with J P = 3/2−, the mass around 1850 MeV, the total width approximately 130 MeV, significant branching into the Σπ and Σ(1385)π states and a very small coupling to the NK state. Assuming that the antidecuplet exists, we show how a simple scenario, in which the antidecuplet mixes with an octet, allows to understand the pattern of the antidecuplet decays and make predictions for the unmeasured decays. Email addresses: [email protected] (V. Guzey), [email protected] (M.V. Polyakov). Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 6 August 2018 Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 SU(3) classification of octets 20 2.1 Accuracy of the Gell-Mann–Okubo formula -
[Physics.Hist-Ph] 28 Nov 2012 on the History of the Strong Interaction
On the history of the strong interaction H. Leutwyler Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern Sidlerstr. 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland Abstract These lecture notes recall the conceptual developments which led from the discovery of the neutron to our present understanding of strong interaction physics. Lectures given at the International School of Subnuclear Physics Erice, Italy, 23 June – 2 July 2012 Contents 1 From nucleons to quarks 2 1.1 Beginnings .................................... 2 1.2 Flavoursymmetries................................ 3 1.3 QuarkModel ................................... 4 1.4 Behaviouratshortdistances. 5 1.5 Colour....................................... 5 1.6 QCD........................................ 6 2 Onthehistoryofthegaugefieldconcept 6 2.1 Electromagnetic interaction . 6 2.2 Gaugefieldsfromgeometry ........................... 7 2.3 Nonabeliangaugefields ............................. 8 2.4 Asymptoticfreedom ............................... 8 3 Quantum Chromodynamics 9 3.1 ArgumentsinfavourofQCD .......................... 9 3.2 Novemberrevolution............................... 9 arXiv:1211.6777v1 [physics.hist-ph] 28 Nov 2012 3.3 Theoreticalparadise ............................... 10 3.4 SymmetriesofmasslessQCD .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 3.5 Quarkmasses................................... 11 3.6 ApproximatesymmetriesarenaturalinQCD . 12 4 Conclusion 13 1 1 From nucleons to quarks I am not a historian. The following text describes my own recollections and is mainly based on memory, which unfortunately does not appear to improve with age ... For a professional account, I refer to the book by Tian Yu Cao [1]. A few other sources are referred to below. 1.1 Beginnings The discovery of the neutron by Chadwick in 1932 may be viewed as the birth of the strong interaction: it indicated that the nuclei consist of protons and neutrons and hence the presence of a force that holds them together, strong enough to counteract the electromagnetic repulsion. -
Robust Coherent Control of Solid-State Spin Qubits Using Anti-Stokes Excitation
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23471-8 OPEN Robust coherent control of solid-state spin qubits using anti-Stokes excitation Jun-Feng Wang 1,2, Fei-Fei Yan1,2, Qiang Li1,2, Zheng-Hao Liu 1,2, Jin-Ming Cui1,2, Zhao-Di Liu1,2, ✉ ✉ ✉ Adam Gali 3,4 , Jin-Shi Xu 1,2 , Chuan-Feng Li 1,2 & Guang-Can Guo1,2 Optically addressable solid-state color center spin qubits have become important platforms for quantum information processing, quantum networks and quantum sensing. The readout 1234567890():,; of color center spin states with optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technology is traditionally based on Stokes excitation, where the energy of the exciting laser is higher than that of the emission photons. Here, we investigate an unconventional approach using anti- Stokes excitation to detect the ODMR signal of silicon vacancy defect spin in silicon carbide, where the exciting laser has lower energy than the emitted photons. Laser power, microwave power and temperature dependence of the anti-Stokes excited ODMR are systematically studied, in which the behavior of ODMR contrast and linewidth is shown to be similar to that of Stokes excitation. However, the ODMR contrast is several times that of the Stokes exci- tation. Coherent control of silicon vacancy spin under anti-Stokes excitation is then realized at room temperature. The spin coherence properties are the same as those of Stokes excitation, but with a signal contrast that is around three times greater. To illustrate the enhanced spin readout contrast under anti-Stokes excitation, we also provide a theoretical model.