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Rethinking Fideism Through the Lens of Wittgenstein's Engineering Outlook
University of Dayton eCommons Religious Studies Faculty Publications Department of Religious Studies 2012 Rethinking Fideism through the Lens of Wittgenstein’s Engineering Outlook Brad Kallenberg University of Dayton, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/rel_fac_pub Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, Christianity Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Other Religion Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons eCommons Citation Kallenberg, Brad, "Rethinking Fideism through the Lens of Wittgenstein’s Engineering Outlook" (2012). Religious Studies Faculty Publications. 82. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/rel_fac_pub/82 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Religious Studies at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religious Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Note: This is the accepted manuscript for the following article: Kallenberg, Brad J. “Rethinking Fideism through the Lens of Wittgenstein’s Engineering Outlook.” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 71, no. 1 (2012): 55-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11153-011-9327-0 Rethinking Fideism through the Lens of Wittgenstein’s Engineering Outlook Brad J. Kallenberg University of Dayton, 2011 In an otherwise superbly edited compilation of student notes from Wittgenstein’s 1939 Lectures on the Foundations of Mathematics, Cora Diamond makes an false step that reveals to us our own tendencies to misread Wittgenstein. The student notes she collated attributed the following remark to a student named Watson: “The point is that these [data] tables do not by themselves determine that one builds the bridge in this way: only the tables together with certain scientific theory determine that.”1 But Diamond thinks this a mistake, presuming instead to change the manuscript and put these words into the mouth of Wittgenstein. -
Philosophical Ethology: on the Extents of What It Is to Be a Pig
Society & Animals 19 (2011) 83-101 brill.nl/soan Philosophical Ethology: On the Extents of What It Is to Be a Pig Jes Harfeld Aarhus University, Denmark [email protected] Abstract Answers to the question, “What is a farm animal?” often revolve around genetics, physical attri- butes, and the animals’ functions in agricultural production. The essential and defining charac- teristics of farm animals transcend these limited models, however, and require an answer that avoids reductionism and encompasses a de-atomizing point of view. Such an answer should promote recognition of animals as beings with extensive mental and social capabilities that out- line the extent of each individual animal’s existence and—at the same time—define the animals as parts of wholes that in themselves are more than the sum of their parts and have ethological as well as ethical relevance. To accomplish this, the concepts of both anthropomorphism and sociobiology will be examined, and the article will show how the possibility of understanding animals and their characteristics deeply affects both ethology and philosophy; that is, it has an important influence on our descriptive knowledge of animals, the concept of what animal wel- fare is and can be, and any normative ethics that follow such knowledge. Keywords animal ethics, animal welfare, ethology, philosophy, sociobiology Preface The historical and theoretical background for this article is an ongoing debate in the interdisciplinary fields of biology and philosophy. On the one hand, the ideas presented in this article originate in the descriptive biological sciences— for example, classic and cognitive ethology, genetic evolutionary theory, and sociobiology. -
Logic in Action: Wittgenstein's Logical Pragmatism and the Impotence of Scepticism
This is the final, pre-publication draft. Please cite only from published paper in Philosophical Investigations 26:2 (April 2003), 125-48. LOGIC IN ACTION: WITTGENSTEIN'S LOGICAL PRAGMATISM AND THE IMPOTENCE OF SCEPTICISM DANIÈLE MOYAL-SHARROCK UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA 1. The Many Faces of Certainty: Wittgenstein's Logical Pragmatism So I am trying to say something that sounds like pragmatism. (OC 422) In his struggle to uncover the nature of our basic beliefs, Wittgenstein depicts them variously in On Certainty: he thinks of them in propositional terms, in pictorial terms and in terms of acting. As propositions, they would be of a peculiar sort – a hybrid between a logical and an empirical proposition (OC 136, 309). These are the so-called 'hinge propositions' of On Certainty (OC 341). Wittgenstein also thinks of these beliefs as forming a picture, a World-picture – or Weltbild (OC 167). This is a step in the right (nonpropositional) direction, but not the ultimate step. Wittgenstein's ultimate and crucial depiction of our basic beliefs is in terms of a know-how, an attitude, a way of acting (OC 204). Here, he treads on pragmatist ground. But can Wittgenstein be labelled a pragmatist, having himself rejected the affiliation because of its utility implication? But you aren't a pragmatist? No. For I am not saying that a proposition is true if it is useful. (RPP I, 266) Wittgenstein resists affiliation with pragmatism because he does not want his use of use to be confused with the utility use of use. For him, it is not that a proposition is true if it is useful, but that use gives the proposition its sense. -
The Method of Wittgenstein's Tractatus
The Method of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus: Toward a New Interpretation Nikolay Milkov, University of Paderborn, Germany Abstract This paper introduces a novel interpretation of Wittgenstein‘s Tractatus, a work widely held to be one of the most intricate in the philosophical canon. It maintains that the Tractatus does not develop a theory but rather advances an original logical symbolism, a new instrument that enables one to ―recognize the formal properties of propositions by mere inspection of propositions themselves‖ (6.122). Moreover, the Tractarian conceptual notation offers to instruct us on how better to follow the logic of language, and by that token stands to enhance our ability to think. Upon acquiring the thinking skills that one can develop by working with the new symbolism, one may move on and discard the notation—―throw away the ladder‖ (6.54), as Wittgenstein put it. 1. The New Wittgensteinians This paper introduces a novel interpretation of Wittgenstein‘s Tractatus. In the process, it takes issue with the New Wittgensteinians, in particular Cora Diamond and James Conant,1 who some twenty-five years ago fielded a comprehensive, essentially skeptical interpretation of the entire body of the Tractatus. Diamond and Conant argued that the core propositions of the Tractatus are literally nonsense, gibberish equivalent to phrases like ―piggly wiggle tiggle‖ (Diamond, 2000, p. 151). To be more explicit, Diamond and Conant defended their view that the book‘s core content is philosophically vacuous by arguing (i) that the Tractatus is divided into a body and a frame; (ii) that the Preface, 3.32–3.326, 4–4.003, 4.111–2 and 6.53–6.54 compose the frame (Conant 2001, p. -
Wittgenstein's Wayward Student: the Unauthorized Autobiography
Wittgenstein’s wayward student: the unauthorized autobiography1 Annotated by Curtis Franks2 Note: Our hero has been confined until now to the space allotted him by other writers who only want to bounce their own ideas off of him because of their interest in the re- sulting trajectories. Quite reasonably he feels that he’s never been given a fair shake. His efforts to understand his critics turn up points where their arguments strike him as unconvincing or altogether absent. He delights in these discoveries, but his readers will see them instead as evidence of his own confusion and as clues to the sort of positions his critics adopt. When he meets another idealized character in Penelope Maddy’s Sec- ond Philosopher, he is intrigued by the difference in the treatment he receives. She raises many of the same questions that haunt him, the very considerations that others dismissed. But the answers she provides alienate him even more profoundly. Now that the impasse pervades everything from elementary logic to the higher infinite, new questions are met with a cool nonchalance. Struggling to fathom how she can carry on without the answers he seeks, he unwittingly reveals what sets the Second Philosopher’s position apart from related naturalistic accounts by chronicling how it leads him to confront the idleness of his demands. 1. First things I think the first thing you ought to know about me, if you’re going to appreciate much of what I have to say later on about my main scientific and philosophical agenda—the nature of logic and mathematics as it happens to be—is that I’m a lot older than I’m often made out to be. -
6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83843-6 - Seeing Wittgenstein Anew Edited by William Day and Victor J. Krebs Frontmatter More information Seeing Wittgenstein Anew Seeing Wittgenstein Anew is the first collection to examine Ludwig Wittgenstein’s remarks on the concept of aspect-seeing. These essays show that aspect-seeing was not simply one more topic of in- vestigation in Wittgenstein’s later writings, but, rather, that it was a pervasive and guiding concept in his efforts to turn philosophy’s attention to the actual conditions of our common life in language. Arranged in sections that highlight the pertinence of the aspect- seeing remarks to aesthetic and moral perception, self-knowledge, mind and consciousness, linguistic agreement, philosophical therapy, and “seeing connections,” the sixteen essays, which were specially commissioned for this volume, demonstrate the unity of not only Philosophical Investigations but also Wittgenstein’s later thought as a whole. They open up novel paths across familiar fields of thought: the objectivity of interpretation, the fixity of the past, the acquisition of language, and the nature of human conscious- ness. Significantly, they exemplify how continuing consideration of the interrelated phenomena and concepts surrounding aspect- seeing might produce a fruitful way of doing philosophy. William Day is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Le Moyne College. A recipient of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities, he has written articles on aesthetics and moral per- fectionist thought, with particular focus on the work of Wittgenstein, Cavell, Emerson, and Confucian thinkers. Victor J. Krebs is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. -
Moral Autonomy, Civil Liberties, and Confucianism
MORAL AUTONOMY, CIVIL LIBERTIES, AND CONFUCIANISM Joseph Chan Department of Politics and Public Administration, University of Hong Kong One of the most challenging issues that must be faced today in any attempt to develop a contemporary Confucian ethical and political theory isthe question of individual autonomy. Since the May Fourth Movement, Confucianism has been criticized asfailing to recognize the dignity of the individual and the value of indi- vidual autonomy asunderstoodin the Western liberal traditionsof political thought. Some have gone further to contend that Confucianism not only fails to recognize, but even actively suppresses, individual autonomy. The most forceful critic in this regard wasChen Duxiu, who argued powerfully that Confucianismisunfit for modern life because its ethics seriously undermines individual autonomy and self- respect. This criticism is still influential today, but appears in a different form. Con- fucianism,it isnow claimed, isunfit in the context of human rightsand civil liberties because it does not respect the autonomy of the individual.1 Isit true that Confucianismdoesnot recognize individual autonomy? In the past, scholars often defended Confucianism against these charges. Their argument holds that there is, within Confucianism, a concept of moral autonomy that can support civil libertieswithout having to incorporate the liberal notion of individual auton- omy.2 This argument of moral autonomy is important. If sound, it can revise, if not reject, the dark and pessimistic picture of Confucianism powerfully painted by May Fourth thinkers. In this essay I seek to examine critically the Confucian conception of moral autonomy and explore itsimplicationsregarding civil liberties. The concept of moral autonomy is, unfortunately, vague and ambiguous, and the argumentsthat make useof thisidea do not help remove itsvaguenessorambi- guity. -
Koethe, University of Wisconsin
Philosophical Investigations 26:3 July 2003 ISSN 0190-0536 On the ‘Resolute’ Reading of the Tractatus1 John Koethe, University of Wisconsin It is customary to divide Wittgenstein’s work into two broad phases, the first culminating in the Tractatus, and the second comprising the writings that began upon his return to philosophy in 1929 and cul- minating in the Investigations. It is also commonly assumed that the Tractatus propounds various doctrines concerning language and rep- resentation, doctrines which are repudiated in the later work, and often criticized explicitly. One problem with this view of the Trac- tatus is Wittgenstein’s claim in 6.54 that its propositions are “non- sensical,”2 a claim which on its face is at odds with the idea that they present substantive philosophical theories. The usual way of handling this problem is to assume that the claim is not to be taken literally, that the sentences of the Tractatus are not nonsense in the sense of mere gibberish, but are intended somehow to engender in the attentive reader a grasp of certain important aspects of the rela- tionship between language and the world. Beginning with her seminal paper “Throwing Away the Ladder,” Cora Diamond has proposed reading the Tractatus in a way that takes literally 6.54’s claim of the book’s nonsensicality, and rejects the idea that its sentences represent a kind of elevated nonsense intended to 1. This is a revised version of a paper originally presented at a symposium on the resolute reading of the Tractatus at the 1999 Central Division meetings of the Amer- ican Philosophical Association in New Orleans. -
Another Look at the New Wittgenstein
The Quest for Purity: Another Look at the New Wittgenstein «The Quest for Purity: Another Look at the New Wittgenstein» by Martin Stokhof Source: Croatian Journal of Philosophy (Croatian Journal of Philosophy), issue: 33 / 2011, pages: 275-294, on www.ceeol.com. Croatian Journal of Philosophy Vol. XI, No. 33, 2011 The Quest for Purity: Another Look at the New Wittgenstein MARTIN STOKHOF ILLC/Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities, Universiteit van Amsterdam This short note takes another look at the ideas proposed by the ‘New Wittgen steinians’, foCusing on a feature of the disCussion these ideas have generated that hitherto seems to have received comparatively little atten- tion, viz., Certain assumptions about the ConCeption of philosophy as an intelleCtual enterprise, inCluding its relation to the sCienCes, that seem to be adopted by both the New Wittgensteinians and (many of) their critics. Introduction The debate about the ‘New Wittgenstein’ is primarily one about the proper exegesis of Wittgenstein’s work, both early and late. A key ele- ment in the discussion is the nature of philosophical method. Directly, since the aim and nature of Wittgenstein’s method is one of the central topics that is being discussed. But also indirectly, since the debate re- fl ects an old, yet still relevant dispute about the nature of philosophy, a topic that itself is intimately related to question of method. It is this last aspect of the discussion that has received comparatively little at- tention so far and that I will focus on in what follows. First I will give a very brief sketch of some of the main claims that the ‘New Wittgenstein’ interpretation makes, and indicate how these differ from more standard readings of Wittgenstein’s early work. -
A Ground for Moral Standing
Jesper Söderstedt 19910410-1259 A Ground for Moral Standing: En grundläggning för moralisk status Umeå Universitet Department of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies Jesper Söderstedt Supervisor: Karsten Klint Jensen Bachelor thesis 15 hp Philosophy C 30 hp Spring Semester 2017 1 Jesper Söderstedt 19910410-1259 Abstract The concept of moral standing applies to those who are of a direct moral concern, i.e. we have a reason to directly include those with a moral standing in our moral deliberation- they matter for themselves. How one accounts for the concept in question is controversial and thus there are several different accounts that one can consult when pondering what content the concept ought to have. This paper investigates the plausibility of some of the most influential accounts of moral standing, concluding that they, as they stand alone, are insufficient. Instead an alternative account of moral standing with a kantian foundation is offered, an account which is heavily based on Christine Korsgaard’s notion of final goods, with moral standing understood as a comparative concept as its distinguishing component. 2 Jesper Söderstedt 19910410-1259 Table of Content Introduction p.5-7. §1. Singer, Sentience, Preference Utilitarianism and the Equal Consideration View p.7-9 §1.2. Considering Singer’s Equal Consideration View p.9-11. §1.3. Concluding Singer’s Account of Moral Standing p. 11. §2. Contractualism p.11-12. §2.1. Scanlon’s Contractualism p.12. §2.2. Carruthers, Contractualism and Rawls p12-14. §2.3. Critique of Contractualism p.14. §2.3.1. Scanlon, Non-rational Humans and Non-Human Animals p.14-16. -
Against 'Effective Altruism'
Against ‘Effective Altruism’ Alice Crary Effective Altruism (EA) is a programme for rationalising for the most part adopt the attitude that they have no charitable giving, positioning individuals to do the ‘most serious critics and that sceptics ought to be content with good’ per expenditure of money or time. It was first for- their ongoing attempts to fine-tune their practice. mulated – by two Oxford philosophers just over a decade It is a posture belied by the existence of formidable ago–as an application of the moral theory consequential- critical resources both inside and outside the philosoph- ism, and from the outset one of its distinctions within ical tradition in which EA originates. In light of the undis- the philanthropic world was expansion of the class of puted impact of EA, and its success in attracting idealistic charity-recipients to include non-human animals. EA young people, it is important to forcefully make the case has been the target of a fair bit of grumbling, and even that it owes its success primarily not to the – question- some mockery, from activists and critics on the left, who able – value of its moral theory but to its compatibility associate consequentialism with depoliticising tenden- with political and economic institutions responsible for cies of welfarism. But EA has mostly gotten a pass, with some of the very harms it addresses. The sincere ded- many detractors concluding that, however misguided, its ication of many individual adherents notwithstanding, efforts to get bankers, tech entrepreneurs and the like to reflection on EA reveals a straightforward example of give away their money cost-effectively does no serious moral corruption. -
Stellar 08 Cover Page
Stellar Undergraduate Research Journal Oklahoma City University Volume 2, 2008 Stellar Oklahoma City University’s Undergraduate Research Journal Inside are 2007-08 research papers spanning the disciplines at OCU, including criminology, English, economics, music, philosophy, political science, and psychology, representing the exceptional undergraduate research happening at Oklahoma City University. Editor-in-Chief: Gina Jennings Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Terry Phelps Stellar is published annually by Oklahoma City University. Opinions and beliefs herein do not necessarily reflect those of the university. Submissions are accepted from undergraduate students. Address all correspondence to: Stellar c/o The Learning Enhancement Center, 2501 N. Blackwelder Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73106. All submissions are subject to editing. 2 Contents Because I Do Not Hope to Turn Again:T.S. Eliot as the First Confessional Poet Kristin May……………………………………………………………3 Who Goes First Does Matter Unless No One Goes First: Personal Dyadic Space and Order Amy D. Simpson and Stacie Abla………….………………………...11 The Relationship Between Black Farmers and the United States Department of Agriculture Zachary L. Newland…..........................................................................19 Don’t Be Afraid of the Ball! Wittgenstein on Knowledge of Other Minds Jacob Coleman......................................................................................28 The Effects of Culture, Gender, and Recipient of Money on Moral Comfort Dashala Cubit, Lacey Novinska, and Danny Gering…………………39