THE QUARRY INDU STRY IN SOUTHEASTERN NEW YORK
E DW I N C
Reprinted fr om20th r epor t o f the State Geologist 1900
ALBANY
UN IVE RSITY OF THE STATE O F N EW YO RK 1 90 2 mu m-mm Price 1 5 ce nt s 7 7
. n77
Geology of th e a Successio n o i
Pre - Cam
Po ug h ql
Stockbr
Hudsor
Green
Pine I Long v Cornwall 11mm
N n n n e wfo u dla d quartzite (Da m . . Monroe shales ( De v o nian) Bellv ale fl ags ( D ev onia n) Sch u nemunk conglomerate ( Dev onian ) Newark beds (Jura-Trias) I gneo u s ro cks ( intrusiv e in th e abo v e) Q uarry industry o f th e are a Prev io u s publicat io ns G ran te $ n u n ne ss o r te tra e tc i i cl di g g i , di i , p, Lower pre- Cambrian gn eisse s Fordha mgne iss Yo nke rs gne i ss G ranites and allied ro cks in small areas Harriso n diori te Co rtlandt series $ gabbro s and dio rites Ne wark diabase Sandstone s $ including shale s Po ughqua g quartzite Hudso n shale s and sandst o ne s G reen Pond conglo mera te Pine Hill quartzite Lo ngwoo d red shales Bellv ale fl ags Newark sandstone Limestone s $ including marble s Cambro - Silu ria n lime sto nes o f th e Highlan ds Sto ckbridge and Barnegat limesto nes Newark lime sto ne co nglo merate
N ew Y ork State Museum
THE QU ARRY INDU STRY I N SOUTHEASTERN NEW Y ORK
u a a a Th e fo llo wing paper is p rely prelimin ry in its n ture , mo r e c omplete discu ssion o f the subject being reserved fo r a
for thcoming museum bulletin o n the Graavites and mar bles of
rk t t o o ne o f a o n u N ew Yo s a e, which is t form series the b ild
f t a re a c e a ing st ones o the sta e . The dis uss d in the present p per
n e Ne e W s ch es Put i clud s the counties of w York, Qu ens , e t ter ,
n am D R a and O a e . a e , utchess , ockl nd r ng A few qu rri s in the
irfi l n t a Fa e d c e a s . wes ern h lf of ou ty, Ct , ar l o des cribed The data here presente d have be e n collec ted during the past
n De ri fo u r yea rs field wo rk in the area under co sideration . sc p t ions of several o f the qua rrie s have bee n furnishe d th e writer
Mr Ma o 1900 o n fi by H . C . gnus , who spent s me time in eld work
fo r a s ra e o and Mr g the st te mu eum in cent l W stchester c unty , by wh s e f r e fie n o in B . . wa a o a d a o F Hill , o ng ged sev r l l se s ns o w rk
$ is a e o Mr M Pu tna m county . The writer lso ind bted t Joseph o rje fo r va lua ble a s sis tance in the pre par ation o f the material fo r
a o e are a e o r f pu blication . Other ckn wledgm nts m d in the c u se o
th e pa per . G EOLOGY OF THE AREA
h a Th e a rea discussed in the present pa per , t ough rel tively
ma co a s e se n a e all o o c s ll, nt in r pre t tiv s of the ge l gi systems from
e -Cam a t o T a c cc in New o e ith pre bri n the ri s whi h o ur Y rk stat . T h e e e a ar f $ geologic discussion h re pres nted is merely summ y o t th o se facts o f importance in connection with the quarry ih
o a a tdust ry f the area . The re l distribution o f the vari fo u s formations is very complicated and can hardly be e x $plained without reference t o a geologic map o f fairly large
sca . The ne w e ma o f Ne w E le dition of the geologic p York , i on a s a o f 5 e c c le mil s to the in h , will be fou nd se rvice
able in this connection . W estche ster and Ne w York c oun
ti s a a o f R c a O a and Pu am e , with sm ll p rts o kl nd, r nge tn , are well shown o n the geologic map o f a part o f south
ea stern Ne w o F H M rri . . e Y rk by Dr J . ll , published in 1895 .
2 681 9 3 NE W Y O RK STATE MU SE UM
Fo r a a o f o a a det iled discussion the ge logy of this p rt of the re a ,
’ re fe rence mu st be ma de to Dr Mer r ill s paper o n the Crysta l
$ c u a s Ne w o h line ro ks of so the tern Y rk , published in the 50t
R r annua l report o f the Ne w York state museum . epo ts o n
nd R c b Dr R e a nd K iimm l Orange a o kl and counties , y i s Dr e
a a o e . a r respectively , h ve ls been issu d The Devoni n outlie
exte nding in Orange county from near Cornwall to G reenwo od M N a h as a r . . a . l ke , been discussed in det il by H D rton The oldest forma tion in the area is a series o f gneisses of pre f h C ia a e a o t e a d . To ambr n g , forming the m ss Highl n s the
a t h e a a as Cambr o northwest of this r nge is gre t lowl nd , b ed on
nd a Ordovician limestones a sha les . A structural b sin lying o n
h e fl a th e ma - Ca k t northwest nk of in body of pre mbrian roc s , but sepa rated from the Pa leozoic lowland in Ora nge county by a
a - ambrian u a series of sm ll pre Q o tliers , cont ins Upper Siluria n
n n - a d Devonia n formations . Ea st a d southea st of the pre Oam
a a o n is a bri n m ss , the western side of the Hudson , region in
a a o which the sediment ry rocks h ve been highly metamorph sed,
a d and a a Cam the s n stones , limestones sh les of the norm l bro
O a a e a a s a a . rdovici n pp ring here qu rtzites , highly cryst lline lime
and . a s stones , schists As further result of the force to which
a a a i a they h ve been subje cted the str t , originally la d down in
a a no w a r ne rly horizont l position , form series of folds , t ending
a and Pa nd genera lly northe st southwest , both leozoic a pre
o f Cambrian beds being involved in these folds . South the pre
Ca a r a mbri n, to the west of the Hudson rive , these ltered Pa leozoic rocks are almost entirely overla in by the Newa rk
R a d . ad rocks , which cover most of ockl n county In dition to
are a a a the formations noted above , which p rts of norm l suc
u a s a a . cession , igne o s rocks occur intrusives of l ter d te
SU C C E SSI O N O F T H E F O R MAT I O NS
Pro-Cambrian rocks
The pre - Ca mbrian rocks o f s o uthea stern Ne w Y o rk consist
s o a e and o a . o f a series of gnei s id gr nit s gneisses , l c lly schistose In West chester co unty the more massive (and in general more Merr l o o il , ph t .
- Pre ambr an ne ss La e Ma o ac . . C i g i , k h p N Y
o to mcro ra in o lar e l t e n a r e me nt 22 amete rs . Ph i g ph p iz d igh , l g di
R E PO RT OF THE DIRE CTOR AND STAT E G E OLOGI ST 1 900 r145
a ed s b a sic) lower gneisses are o verlain by a highly foli t gneis ,
M as a i . a described by Dr F . J . H . errill the Fordh m gne ss This is
ba e s t a e is o f a na la well nd d blui h o gr y gn iss , cons ting lter ting y
z and a a ers of qu a rt , orthoclase (or microcline) mic (usu lly biotite) .
L o diife ren es a o a a a e as a ithol gic c , f irly c nst nt over l rge r h ve le d to a tentative fourfold division of the pre - Fordhamgneisse s ; but the grouping depends o n compositio n rather than o n supe r
nd h fi a . position , a as therefore no chronologic signi c nce The n u iv x mn a a a me s for these s bd s s h ve been used , in m nuscript
a nd only, by the present writer $ the subdivisions will not be discussed in the present connection .
Va rious au tho rs have included in the pre - Cambrian both the
nd a o f u c N . . a l rge area white limestone of S ssex ounty, J
O a u N . . and a a a a u r nge co nty, Y sm ller isol ted re s which occ r in
Re e fi e l t h e Highlands of Putnam and Ora nge counties . c nt d w ork by the writer in these sma ller are as s e e ms to di sp r ove t u at a f r as a a ar e e his concl sion , le st so a some re s conc rned ; a nd it is prob able that the entire question may stil l be co n
s i e r d . a a d e open In the present p per, however , these Highl nd limestones ha ve been discussed sep a ra tely from the undoubtedly
z L P m a . a a n a leo oic li estones d m rbles ithologic lly , these white limestones differ but slightly if at all from the more highly
r a and d c yst lline portions of the Stockbridge , like the Stockbri ge a nd Ba a are m rneg t usu ally highly a gne sian .
Poughquag quartzite
u s O a and W e s-t ch e ste r c a In D tche s , r nge , Putnam ounties relatively t hin quartzite usua lly underlies the Cambr o - Silurian
s o n n lime t nes . In Stissing mou ta in a d at other points this quartzite has be en found to contain Lower Cambrian (G e orgian)
o . e se a c tr a r a a f ssils It is s nti lly ontinuous , s tig phic lly , through o u t c n a a a o f the ou ties bove n med , few cont cts the Stockbridge lime stone with the pre - Cambri an gneisse s failing to show this
nt I n t a act is v e rv . i ervening quartzite . its li hologic ch r er it uni
M 1 96 a L form . Dr errill described it in 8 s the owerre quartzite , while the forma tion names Vermont and Che shire have been NE W YORK STATE MUSE UM
Ne w a n given it by the Engl nd ge ologists . Th e name rece tly adopted fo r it is Poughqu ag qua rtzite (Da na 1872) in recognitio n
o f a a n the f ct th t its thickness , lithologic chara cter a d strat i
a are at ua o . gr phic position well shown Poughq g , Dutchess c
N . Y . A typical exposure of th e Poughqua g Quartzite occurs o n the south side of Peekskill creek ne ar its junction with th e
. is o n . 54 e Hudson river This well shown pl , the sl aty cleava g
ar a a of the qu tzite being p rticul rly notice able .
Stockbridge and Barnegat limestones
The Barnegat o r blue limestone o f Orange and southwestern Dutchess county and the crystalline Stockbridge limestone o f
u and Ne w a are the other so theastern counties western Engl nd , more o r less highly met amorphosed equiva lents of the Cambro
a . a o Siluri n limestones of northern Dutchess county As wh le , the Barnegat and Stockbridge formations ar e predominantly
a a a a su fii ie nt a a a m gnesi n . They r rely c rry c m gnesi to qu lify
as and a a a d o f true dolomites , however ; cont in occ sion l be s
a a a lmost pure lime c rbon te .
The crystalline Cambr o - Silurian limestone of Westcheste r
county wa s described a s the l nw o od lime stone by Dr F . J . H . M errill in the paper previously cited . These Westchester county
a re a a a h limestones essentially continuous , str tigr phic lly, wit the Stockbridge limestone o f the Ta co nic region ; and in order
t o o a a t h e prevent t w n ames being used for the s me form tion , formation name Stockbridge h as been a ccepted as that o f ea rlier
date . Mather in 1842 described the semicrystalline blue limestone
n of Orange cou ty a s the Barnegat limestone . Though there seems t o be little do u bt of the esse ntia l equiva lence o f the
Ba a and a a rneg t Stockbridge , it seems best to ret in both n mes a s the Stockbridge probably includes Trenton beds , which in the less metamo rphosed a rea of Orange county and Ne w Jersey
n i r n i N c a be d fi e e t at e d from the Barnegat . South o f the e w V York line the names K ittatinny and V allkill have been applied t o th Bar a can a a s e neg t limestone , but these h rdly be reg rded a
a an a ten ble in view of the m y other names of ea rlier d te . RE PORT OF T HE DI R E CTO R AND STAT E GE OLOGIST 1900 r147
Hudson shales and schists The Hudson shales of the Hudson valley are represented in t h e metamorphic a rea o f southeastern Ne w York a nd western
N e w England by a thick series of slates and mica schists . T h e transition from sha le through slate t o schist can be well O bserved in traveling a cross Dutchess county from west t o e a st in the latitude o f Poughkeepsie ; a nd the term Hudson s c hist h a s recently been adopted in pla ce o f the terms Manhat t a n schist (o i Ne w York geologists) a nd Berkshire schist (em ployed by the United States geologica l survey workers in New
E is ngla nd) . The Hudson formation of little economic impor
a h a s a nd t nce , though much schist been employed in found tion a r e a a or o n and a Ma a a and n t ining w ll w k ne r nh tt n island , thi l a yers of sa ndstone occurring in the sha l e s have been wo rked
' in e Dutch ss county . Green Pond congl omerate
The name G reen Pond conglomerate wa s given by Da rton in
' 1 894 t o a formation occurring o n the borders of the Devonian 144 i r . o u tlier noted on p . The pr ncipal exposures o f this
ma a a are C a fo r tion , in the re here discussed , west of ornw ll
a and P a a M O a st tion in ine hill ne r Highl nd ills , both in r nge i c ounty . The rock s a conglomerate consisting o f white to pink
a a e s a . ish qu rtz pebbles , embedded in r ddi h silicious m trix D a rton sta tes tha t in this vicinity the forma tion is not over 60 P l feet thick . In stra tigraphic position the G reen ond co ng o me
a P n L r te , ine Hill qua rtzite a d ongwo od red shales correspond
a x a Sh awan u nk and t o ppro im tely to the g grit of Ulster county ,
M a On w Ne the edin (including eida) rocks of estern w York .
Pine Hill quartzite
The na me Pine Hill quartzite is here proposed for a series o f qu artzite beds overlying the G reen Pond conglomerate and uh
e r l in h L d y g t e ongwood shales . The forma tion is well shown
P e a f a M O a . a in ine hill , st o Highl nd ills , r nge co Tr nsition beds between the qua rtzite and conglomerate and between the qua rtzite and sha les occur ; but in genera l the lithologic dis NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM tinctio ns P Hi between the formations are evident . The ine ll
a is 250 w t o a o n form tion feet thick in Ne Jersey, according D rt ,
a r thinning northe stward to 5 o 6 feet at Cornwall .
Longwood. red shales
Darton a pplied this name in 1894 t o the series o f shales ove r
a P lying the quartzite last described . The form tion , in ine hill ,
a o f 7 - 100 and is c a cal shows thickness 5 feet , of onsider ble (lo )
are a cca a economic importance . The sha les in gener l red , o sion l bands o f olive shales loca lly o ccurring .
Cornwall limestones
A series of thin beds of limestone overlies the Longwood shal e s
a o si s at several points in Orange county . These beds c rry f s l which ser ve to correlate them paleo ntologically with t h e Lower
nd W e rlime Helderberg a at rocks fa rther west . The term
$ $ Cornwall limestones is not here proposed a s a formation
a e as a a n me , but is us d merely convenient design tion for the series till further field work sh all ha ve decided the extent t o
i n No r n which subdiv sion ca be ca rried . qu arries a e at prese t worked in these lime stones .
Newfoundland quartzite
a s a a ua a This form tion , u u lly light colored q rtzite but loc lly
a a at s a ld conglomer tic , c rries ome loc lities fossils which wou correl ate it pa leontologica lly with the basa l Devonian Oriskany
a am i n quartzite . The form tion n e here proposed s in allu sio
o a at N u a N e t the exposure of the qu rtzite ewfo ndl nd . J wher it s lithologic a nd pa leontologic chara cters a re well shown and were described by Britton and Merrill in It is exposed at sever al other points along the margin o f the Devonia n out
N n N N s lier in both e w York a d e w Jersey . o quarries in thi formation ar e worked in the area under discussion .
Monroe shales This name was applied by D art on in 1894 to the dark c olored sh ales underlying the Sch u ne mu nk conglomerate a nd in pl a ces
N a m overlying the ewfoundl and quartzite . Fossils correl te the
1 ’ 1 886. N . J st ate eo . R e t . . g l p R E PORT OF T HE DI R E CTO R AND STATE G E -OLO GIST 1900 r149
a pproximately with the Hamilton of the counties farther west . T hese sh ales are qua rried at sever a l points for loca l use a s road
m e n a a ar o a . et l , but of gre t economic import nce
Bellv ale flags
am B a fl a s wa s a 1894 The n e ellv le g given by D rton , in , to the
h a e a a w a e a o rd , thin bedd d gr y s ndstones hich pp r , verlying the
M a Sch u ne mu nk B nd B rf r onroe sh les , in , ellvale a e a o t moun P m 1 fl a . a a a and fix a e as t ins l nt re ins Occur in these gs , their g
m a iddle Devoni n . Schunemunk conglomerate O verlying the Bellvale fl ags in the mountains above named is a conglomerate of quartz and quar tzite pebbles in a reddish
s m 1 ilicious a trix . In 894 D a rton named this the Sch u ne mu nk
o e a a a it ff c nglomera t . He st tes th t lithologic lly di ers from the
G P a a a s reen ond conglomer te in cont ining qu rtzite pebble , which a r e a bsent in the l atter . Newark beds The Newark beds of centra l and western Ne w Jersey h ave
$ $ be en divided by K iimme l into three supe rposed formatio ns . T h ese formations change in lithologic chara cter as the Ne w
Two m a t o K u Y ork line is approa ched . of the , ccording mmel ,
Y a no a a ppe ar in Ro ckland county N . . They h ve t been m pped s e a a a nd a a a h p r tely however , will not be sep r tely tre ted in t is
a a e a a pa per . Ca lc r e ous conglomerates , which pp r ne r the north ff r n N a a a a a o . e edge of the ew rk re , h ve orded s me lime
I G NE O U S R O C K S
a a and Cutting cert ain of the form tions above noted , gr nites
r o ther igneous rocks are frequently found in dikes o m a sses . Th ese igneous rocks vary gre atly in composition and texture as f we a s a . O a a ll in economic import nce the m ny v rieties present , f o u r show well ma rked and distinct types and occupy definite
z a a r e a s o f consider able si e . For this reason they h ve been a s s igned names as follows (being named after the localities at
$ a n wh ich they are best developed) Yonkers gneiss , H rriso
1 Ma rt n D S. i , .
- s r . Y i Tr ns 51 . ro s e N a a sc . a . P , C. S . . c d . NEW YORK STATE MUSE UM
Co r t landt e e e t c N e diorite , series (norit , diorit , ) , ewa rk diaba s .
Th e a o f e in rem ining rocks ign ous origin , occurring a reas t O O s a se a a te a me d ma be m ll to be p r ly n y, for our present purpose ,
a s grouped granites . QU ARRY I NDUSTRY OF THE ARE A P R E VI O U S P UB L I C AT I O NS
w rr P . . Ne B . be uildin and orna menta l rof J S y, in his report on g stones P a a 1 7 h , hil delphi exposition , 8 6, discussed at some lengt
a and P a a a and t . the Tuck hoe le s ntville qu rries , their produc The 1 0th census report on the stone qu arry industry conta ins shor t notes on the ma rble quarries a nd a brief mention of the Lefurgy
a a at a . a r qu rry (in Fordh m gneiss) H stings In ddition , howeve , this report contains a n exceedingly valuable and comprehensive
$ a A A J li n w CIt p per by Dr . . u e on Stone construction in Ne York y
$ a nd a a a the vicinity , with det iled inform tion regarding the dur
ilit y f ll i b . o a h s , etc stones , domestic or foreign , used here . In
t wo re Buildin stone o New Yor k state i ports on the g f , publ shed
s bu n 1 a d f . 3 a N . 0 o e w P . C lletins the York state museum , rof J
m c a a a a S o k describes the qu rries of the entire st te in gre t det il ,
a and a 1 giving physic l chemic l data in bulletin 0 . These reports , abstracts of which ha ve appeared in bulletin 1 5 of the Ne w York
a a st te museum , cont in the best descriptions yet published of
a and a the qu rries qu rry industry in Westchester county , being
in a a defective only reg rd to the Yonkers gneiss , qu rrying in which was not actua lly begun till several years after the pub
lic i n f at o . of the bulletins All these reports , however , suf er
m n m a t fro one common a d unavoidable defect . At the ti e which they were written the ge ologic structure of the area
h a d a a n a and re not been m de out with y degree of cert inty , the ports consequently err in grouping together qua rries which a r e
worked in entirely different geologic formations . For this re a
s o n ii h a s a ffi t o , been in some inst nces extremely di cult identify
the ma teria l on which the tests quoted were a ctua lly made . A report on the geology of Orange county by Dr Heinrich
R 1 5t h Ne w a e o lo ies , published in the report of the York st te g
a O a . gist , contains notes on the qu rry industry in r nge county
fa c e p . r 15 1
l l o o Merri , ph t .
- mbr an ne ss Bre mo nt a n . Pro a a n c . C i g i , k e k u i , N Y o to mcro ra in o lar e l t e nla r e me nt 22 ame t e Ph i g ph p iz d igh , g di rs
NE W YORK STAT E MUSE UM
nd n fl a a a h highly foliated , a consisti g chie y of qu rtz , pl giocl se (wit
a a re subordinate orthocl ase) and hornblende . The feldsp rs usu
a a and is a n lly white , v rying to reddish ; the gneiss ccordi gly
Pa gray to light reddish in color . rt of the stone is used , rough
a and a a a a dressed , for found tion w ll work ; but consider ble qu n
C e a at ff fl tity is cut by op l nd Son Su ern , being used chie y for
monuments .
d n Oran e o a a 7 nd Ar e , g c . Sever l qu rries ( ) between Arden a P Tuxedo a rk ha ve been worked quite extensively for road me ta l .
a a a -Ca a The m teri l is hornblendic pre mbri n gneiss , not suitable
s a s a a a ar e for dressed tone , but ro d met l producers the qu rries
of some local importa nce .
Mon e r n ro O a o . n , ge c A pinkish gneiss occ u rs in a n a rea of co
i r 24 s de able a M O a co . size bout } miles southeast of onroe , r nge
h a s d It never been worked , but judging from the outcrop shoul
u fa r i d u a . as e t f rnish stone of goo q lity So color is concern d ,
I s probably the handsomest gra nite in southe astern Ne w York .
Fordhamgneiss
a a a s The Fordham gneiss is typic lly light gr yi h or bluish ,
a and a . well banded gneiss , consisting of biotite , orthocl se qu rtz Its upper1 beds nea r the conta ct with the Poughqu ag qua rtzite a re a lways highly qua rtzose ; and this uppe r part of the
i a formation s possibly of sedimentary origin . The Fordh m gneiss h a s been l argely used for foundation stone and other
a a uncut work . The Ha stings quarry formerly sold f ir propor
it s a ou t at a o f tion of product s stone , but of l e ye rs little this
h a h as a grade s been marketed . It lso been usedto some extent fo r a a is a fi a s mac d m , but h rdly well tted for this purpose it
a a fl at gener lly bre ks into pieces when put through a crusher .
U e r is u se ere in a e o o se nse F o n f th e r se r e s pp d h g l gic . ldi g o o ck i
$ may ca u se th e ne w e r ( and geo logically u ppe r bed s to a ppa re ntly u n e r e th e o r an r T is w e s o w n d li lde ( d ge o lo gically lo w e be d s . hi s ll h at th e old marb e u rr n r s n t u nt T h e r e a e a a t s W e st e s e r o . se s l q y H i g , ch c y i he re h as be e n sharply fo lded so t hat th e lime st o ne s a re sho wn dipping to th e e ast a are nt u n e r th e u ar tz te and ne ss w are ex o se d , pp ly d q i g i hich p ne ar th e to p o f th e e ast ern wall o f th e quarry ; bu t th e lime sto ne is rea lly n w r t h h r z e e an t e gne i ss ar l qu a t i te . a e rl 2 f c p. 5
H M rr o o . . e ill , ph t
' F r am n f r s arr Ha t n s . o e ss Le u s . dh g i . g y qu y , i g N Y h o to mc ro ra in o a r e t e n ar e me nt 22 a me t ers P i g ph p l iz d ligh , l g di
RE PO RT OF THE DI RE CT OR AND STAT E GE OLOGIST 1900 r1 53
h e a a a a I t a s, however , b en used to consider ble extent for r ilro d ba lla st .
’ We s er co Le ur rr H s n stc e . s ua a ti gs, h t f gy q y Owned by
a W N r Lefurgy ; ope rated under le se by illia m ichols j .
n’ K nown at one time a s Ma nso s qua rry . Situated about ha lf
M a a mile west of t Hope st tion , on the western side of the
a a a 350 a g neiss ridge . It is opened for dist nce of bout feet long ‘
h e and a 100 . a 30 t strike , is bout feet wide The west w ll is
a it s t t o a r d fe et high t nor hern end , running down ne r g oun level
a a is a 100 at a t its southern . The e st w ll bout feet high its fl n 2 . no rthern, a d 0 feet at its southern end The oor of the
qu arry is at present only a few feet below ground level , though
a o n 10 lo w it wa s t e time worked feet or more below, this cut
h fi a a ving been subsequently re lled . The entrance to the qu rry is at the south end where a road le ads o u t t o the main road
t o Ha stings .
a nd m The west wa ll shows biotite s chi st uch cru mpled gneiss , a n d h as been practica lly untouched since the opening o f the
a all o a ac a th e qu rry , the devel pment having t ken pl e tow rd
a a o e a st and north . The northern f ce shows go d qu ality of
a i a a a o f light gr y or bluish gneiss , typ c l Fordh m , thin section
i 4 r w 2 3 5 . a e t o a w hich s shown on pl . In it se ms to feet wide ,
O f - u a a a and a e hornblende biotite gneiss , reg l rly l min ted , of r th r
a a . g ood gra de . They would certainly furnish ttr ctive cut stone
T h e a is a a a e st face now beginning t o cut crumpled re , con t a ining frequent interbeddings of a rock composed of pink F f a a a and a . o r a eldsp r , Silvery mic , some g rnets this re son the
a h t q u rry as proba bly rea ched its extreme ea stern developmen , m he a ost of the stone now being taken from t north f ce . The pink intrusive mentioned seems to be usua lly a ccompanied by t a a 2 so o f . N a a w lling , inches or thick , biotite schist e r it qu r z
e and ar e and are a a a l nses stringers common , lso usu lly w lled ° 7 ° 24 . 1 b . nd a 11 e . a a . y biotite schist Strike dip ver ge , e
Two r e is a t derricks (horse) a in place . There usu lly lit le ,
a h a trouble from w ter , though in certain seams enough s b r a a a k een encounte ed to emb rr ss the bl sting (bl a c powder) . NE W YORK STATE MUSE UM
Fo r the pa st three years no cut stone has be en furnished 1 by this qua rry . In 898 the total output was va lued at abo u t
1300 a nd was n F $ , mostly used for foundations a d backing . o r
a a a a a . o f this m teri l cubic y rd is obt ined Expe nse lifting ,
a and a a a h ndling tr nsport tion prevents competition , even loc lly
Ne w a and e a r with the Engl nd Hudson river ston s . The qu r y will probably soo n be abandoned beca use o f the poorness o f
a and a and ca n e st west w lls , be use adjoini g lots have be en sold
Mr for building . Nichols then expects t o commence qua rrying
o n o wn a a a his l nd , little f rther north on the s ame ridge .
We Uniontown stc ester co . , h A quarry (10) here was worked for a time in order to get rough stone backing fo r o ne o f t he
W a rburton avenue bridges . The opening is in a light col o red
a e a a . f (gr y) gneiss , with s ver l pink se ms The mass o the rock,
° o no ec and 11 . 25 however , sh ws little or inj tion . Strike dip e . ,
° s o to o 56 e . The product h ws much contortion in the layers t o
a e t o permit the qu rry, if ever r opened , become a serious com L ’ petitor of e fu rgy s .
Br Mawr Wes c es r o Pa a of yn , t h te c . Along lmer venue , west
B Ma a two a 12 ryn wr , ne r Fort Field reservoir , sm ll openings ( )
a n is a ha ve been made in Fordham gneiss. The e ster most in
a and a r ther poor gra de Fordham , minutely crumpled bre king
and into tabular pieces . The westerly opening is in better rock , supplied pa rt o f the stone for the reservoir walls and gatehouse . Both openings were worked l ater t Osupply ma cadam for Palmer
4 i x in P1. a o avenue . 6 shows a face of the Fordh m gne ss e p sed
a fo r and 47 a exc vating Fort Field reservoir , pl . the g tehouse , built from good specimens of this gneiss .
Lo erre We 11 w , stchester co . In Lo we rre small quarries ( ) were
1 wa s a a Opened in 898. The rock a r ther poor Fordh m gneiss , with granite injections along certain bedding planes and a peg mat i i a c t o Ma 1 t c dike crossing the bedding . The tot l produ t y ,
1899 wa 200 R 75c t o 85e a , s about 0 loads . ough stone brought
a l a o wa s The lo d , whi e l rger st ne , roughly trimmed , worth m a w s d a . r e m terial a use for found tions , etc Fou men were
wa s a nd a d ployed . This stone b dly j ointed , a could be h ndle Plate 46 e r 1 4 To fa c p. 5
Fo r am ne ss s o w n fo l at o n . Fo rt F el re se rv o r o n e rs . . dh g i , h i g i i i d i . Y k N Y
r155 face p.
Me r ril o l , pho t .
n H s o n ers e ss a t n s . Y . Y k g i , i g N o to mcro ra in o l ar e l t en a r ement 22 ame te rs Ph i g ph p iz d igh . l g di RE PO RT OF THE DI RE CT O R AND STAT E G E OLOG I SI’ ‘ 1900 r1 55
in fa ce o f compe tition of the Yonkers gneiss quarries only be
c a use of Shorter haul and the fa ct that removing the stone was
r a ising the va lue of the lots .
W h was a F dh m estc ester o . a or a , c Fordh m gneiss formerly qu r
a a o f a r ied (8) west of the Harlem r ilro d , south Fordh m , in the
u h o f ai a a a . pper beds , muc the product being used for r lro d b ll st
a it I t h as also been qua rried for ro ad met l , for which purpose
a W is not well suited , at v rious points in estchester county , but n one of these sma ll quarries ar e no w working and none were m e ver o f much i portance .
Yonkers gneiss
a a a The Yonkers gneiss is well foli ted gneissoid gr nite , very
v a a a and a u m ri ble in color , gr in , economic v l e , but quite unifor i a a . s a o f a petrogr phic lly It composed essenti lly qu rtz , biotite ,
m and a a . N a a n icrocline , she red orthocl se onm l orthocl se is o t
a a a a . i bund nt , while pl giocl se is very ra re Hornblende s the
m a a a a a s ost common ccessory , being very bund nt in cert in se m ,
re a nd rarely entirely absent from a slide . Titanite is very f
n 4 q uent . A thin section is shown o pl . 8. The color o f the Yonkers va ries from a light blue t o a r ather
d e a a a o a a ep red . This v ri tion is p rtly due t the f ct th t the blue
r a a e n g des in most c s s contain more quartz a d less feldspar . A
m a a a uch more potent c use , however , is th t the feldsp rs them
ff is no s e lves are either red or bluish . This di erence in color t
d u e t o a ff s a a s and di erence in the feld p r species , the microcline
s h a e a a and e r d orthocl se ppear in both the red blue Yonkers ,
a nd in about the same relative proportions .
ff f a m The di erence in color is o import nce econo ica lly . The
r e d a a forms dec y re dily while the blue , though often becoming
a do a a a . s t ined yellow by iron , not ppe r to disintegr te The w riter h as no t been able t o follow up this investiga tion as far
a and a s he could h ve wished , the discussion in this paper should be regarded a s merely prelimina ry to a more detailed presenta
t io n of the subject . The principa l are a o f Yonkers gneiss is located in the southern
pa rt of Westchester county . It extends from near Van Cort NE W YO RK ST ATE MU SE UM
a Pa t o a sda and s o f n l ndt rk Sc r le , o ccupies mo t the ridge betwee the Bronx va lley and the valleys o f Tibbe t and Troublesome
k P a a o f broo s . Sma ller a reas occur northea st o f White l ins , e st
Hartsda le and at severa l other points mentioned below . Mo st of the quarries in the main belt o f Yonkers gneiss were
O a 1 92 n a a o f r pened round 8 . At that time a unusu l mount b idge
nd P a a a reta ining wa ll work was being done by the utn m , H rlem and Ne w and Ha ven railroads . Dimension stone cut stone Of sma z wa s r a a and o f a mt h e ller si e in g e t dem nd , most it c me fro
o f r co n quarries in the Yonkers belt . This period prospe ity
in 1 2 1 1 4 n 1 t u 89 893 89 a d 895 . e d throughout , , Since then the a a a a a h as a o ff and a Pa a e ctu l r ilro d dem nd f llen , in ddition , l tin
B m u ridge li estone is being used in pla ce of the gneiss . D ring the
a a e o a a at a 100 m r ilro d p ri d it is prob ble th t le st , possibly ore , men were employed in the line o f qua rries running from Sca r s
1899 1 20 a h a t o . a 5 d le Dunwoodie In bout to qu rrymen , wit
1 0 a and m r possibly te msters teams , were e ployed . The yea
1899 s a a wa . a a ma , however , bnorm lly dull The d ta quoted l ter y
n 1 7 a as a a a a 896 189 and 1898. be t ken ver ge for the ye rs , M L r . . C o f o f S ooper , commissioner public works , city Yonk
w t o n ers , rote , in reply a inquiry concerning the use of Yonkers gneiss by his department
’ a a Ca O Ro u rke are The qu rries you mention (H ckett , hill , ) the only ones now furnishing stone to the pu blic works of this city . is t o a a It impossible st te with precision the mounts , but they ha ve been about 2000 to 2500 cubic yards a year for the past n three yea rs . The contra ct prices depend largely o the length m d a a . a a a an a of h ul For c d m , telford stone ordin ry found tion o r a - a 1 qu rry broken building stone , the price will v ry from $ t o For cut stone the price is a bout $40 a cubic ya rd fo r
fin c u t- a and a - e cut (8 cut) work . This is for f ce qu rter inch r h a a a o o n joints . Ou local stone a s been used for m c d m nly the a n a a do o f country ro ds , a d the prices n med bove not , course , include the breaking o f the stone t o macada m size .
a a Since the decline of the railroad tr de , the qu rries depend
a . a s largely on rough found tion stone , etc to p y current expense
a o f e dis and fixed charges . This tr de is , course , v ry evenly
a a a s ff a tributed among the v rious qu rries , the di erence in qu lity RE PORT OF T HE DI RE CTO R AND STAT E G E OLOGIST 1900 r157 o r price of this cl a ss of stone is no t suffic ient t o give a decided
’ a a a an o ne a a at a a is dv nt ge to y qu rry . Seely s qu rry , Sc rsd le , h a a a s ndic pped by greater distance from ma rket , little building
L and Pa a a is going on nea r it . owerre rk Hill use consider ble
a h a qu ntity of t is cl a ss of stone . A certain qu ntity of cut stone ,
a 2 2 a bout feet by feet by 18 inches in size , is used for priv te
nd i w o f a a . s houses for w lls This item , ho ever , little
importance .
The chief profit of the quarries comes fr omstone supplied t o
a h a public buildings , schools , etc . , for which igh gr de of cut
s e m tone is required . Occasionally l arge s ipublic buildings
— nd a a . are ec a hospit ls , libr ries , etc er ted , to supply stone for
is a m a fi a these l ost s pro t ble . As good trap a nd limestone can be obtained cheaply from
Pa a a nd C the lis des Tomkins ove , little stone is furnished by
h e m O a t a a a a a . a loc l qu rries for c d mizing cc sion lly, however , t he Yonkers gneiss is used for this purpose o n second cl a ss
r a . h ndbro ke n a a o ds The stone is then a t the qu rry , unless the
b m all so - a a a a uyer owns a crusher . Al ost of the c lled m c d m
a are a a a a a ro ds in re lity telford ro ds , h ving subp vement of
a 5 8 a a of l rge ( to inches) stone . The loc l qu rries furnish most
h a a re d t is telford , using for it their worst gr de , the co rse
Yonkers gneiss .
Sc rsd W h ’ n a a e estc ester co . S l uarr O a d l , ee y s q y wned
a . . a o per ted by H S . Seely Sever l Openings on the north side
o f P a a e a a a m a a a . l tt v nue , bout h lf ile west of Sc rsd le st tion m The opening now worked is on the extre e west of the group,
n ha 30 t a d s been worked for 1 00 feet a long the strike . It is fee
w a nd 10 20 a ide to feet deep , being entirely below the gener l
‘ a a o f ground level . A l rger opening , on the extreme e st the
w a n a a - g roup , sho s 8 foot bedded dike of co rse grained horn
- w a o . a a a blende feldsp r r ck The ver ge qu lity ho ever , is very
a a h igh ; l rge percenta ge of the materia l being the blue Yonkers . — N o a a . m chinery is on the ground , s ve one derrick horse power
Th e h as fi v e a a product , for ye rs or more , been only found tion
no t f st one . It will exceed 150 cubic yards annually o r which NE W YORK STATE MUSEUM
1 t o a d d d is a d S l $ yar ( elivere ) obt ine . ho u d a co n t r a c tor
w s n a f 25 r i h i h t o do his o w qua rrying a roy lty o c a y a d s c a rged .
e nd o b 2 a r Sel cted a roughly trimmed st ne rings $ a y d . This qua rry go t a fa ir sh are o f the railroad busine s s b u t h a s been
‘ pra c tica lly idle since tha t time .
’ u n We ester co . B e ckett s ua rrie D woodie, stch q s W orked
B . L and o wned by H ackett ros of Dunwoodie . o c a t e d a t the
a and M a a a il e r inter s ection o f Centr l idl nd venues , m o s o n orth
a . a i h o n r i k east o f Dunwoodie st tion A sm ll opening , w t e de r c , is in the southwe st angle formed by the intersect io n o f the two
avenues mentione d ; the la rger and Older quarr i e s a r e in the
ar h a s e e for northwest angle . The qu ry now worked b n Opened
about 300 feet a long the strike and about 80 fe e t a cr o s s the
° ° a a nd 11 . 30 ne e . . O strike . The foliation pl nes dip strike , 85 w
$ se t o f almost horizontal j oints divides the rock i n to beds
e a a e h a a bout 4 feet thick , whil the set of joints p r ll l t o t e foli
tion are about 2 t o 4 fee t apart ; and a third less importa nt and
° ° e n 11 64 w. 7 a d . 5 M r egular set o f joints strik s dips , w . ost of
o f it f m the quarry is a bove the ground level s front . Sto ne ro
’ s e s a ood e this quarry h as been u ed in St Jos ph s emin ry , Dunw i , ’ a s Se ton hospital (Spuyten Duyvil) , St John s hospit l (Yonker )
’ and w k a nd St Joseph s hospital (Yonkers) , in much r a ilro a d or ,
a s well as in severa l Yonkers schoolhouses . In 1 898 H ackett
s upplied some polished columns from this qu arry fo r the county
was Ne w , j a il a t White Pl ains . The polishing done in York city he a nd th e columns a re good samples o f the best g r ade o f t
e a m h ee b o derricks one run by st , t r y Yonkers gneiss . F ur (
h o . rse Power) and o ne bo iler a re o n the ground MP o u at 500 a ds Ha ckett estima tes the annua l pr d ct cubic y r m ubic a cadam 1000 y a rds foundation stone and 100 c stone , cubic
a 49 . y rds ss Th e ma in opening is shown on pl . dre ed stone . C ll o king, e d and a Cahi qu a rr ies Own oper ted by Dennis O f Y ds onker s a a yar . d a Situated o n Mi l nd venue , seve r l hundred e a s t Of en ng, Ce ll t Th e smallest and ne west op i ral a venue . a t w i e h ch a M a avenu , bo i d O n the south side of idl nd ler is l o ca te W I $ The b u . pro a bl al ua rry o f the fut re y be the princip q
P ate 50 l To a e r f c p. 159
E . 0 . Ec e l o k , pho t .
’ ’ O R o u rke s arr D nwo o y e . qu , u di N Y . ( Yo nke rs gne is s) REPORT o r THE DIRECTOR AND STATE GE OLOGIST 1900 r1 59
r o ne no w la ger openings are north o f Midl and avenue . The
worke d h a s been opened for a distance of 250 feet along the
s nd h as a a a a trike , a been worked b ckw rd (tow rd the west) bout
2 fi a . 00 feet . The space worked out is lled up with w ste rock
° ° ° One T 2 n 7 90 . h e a 2 . a d 0 foli tion planes strike n . e dip to w
a a o f th e a lmost horizont l set joints , dipping slightly to e st ,
4 $ A a divides the rock into to 12 foot beds . less regul r set
° 6 n 7° ne — 5 . 6 . O s trikes n . w a d dips w derrick is in use horse
e r m re . pow r . Four qu arrymen and a fo e an a employed The
u a was 1892 an a a . q rry opened in , d got much of the r ilro d work
T wo a e a at schools were l tely supplied , the cut ston being v lued
a a bout a yard at the quarry . Sm ller cut stone is sold ,
d a a 30c . a a elivered , t bout a cubic foot The nnu l product a a 2000 a a at a mounts to bout cubic y rds rough stone , v lued bout
' 5 0C a cubic yard at the quarry ; and abo ut 1 00 to 200 cubic yards
O f dressed stone .
ll u a a As in a the Yonkers gneiss q rries , bl ck powder is used
a e can w hen necess ry , but much of the ston be gotten out by use
n re a wa O f the plug a d feathers . These a l ys used for splitting
n t h e sto e to Size after it h as been broken out in blocks . The s a a and a h tone st nds bush h mmering well , this is bout the ighest fi nish ever given it .
’ ’ ’ O Rou r ke s uarr e O Ro u rke o f q y Worked on l ase by E .
D a t o a unwoodie on l nd belonging the Stewa rt est te . Opened f o r 65 a 25 1 5 20 feet long strike , feet on dip to feet deep . h ° T e 0 . w . 5 a a 11 . 2 opening is Sho n on pl Foli tion pl ces strike 3 e .
° nd 66 . wa A nn a l a dip e The stripping s a bout 6 feet . iI prod u ct a 1 000 a a i bout cubic y rds found tion stone , at a cub c
a and 600 a d a 400 y rd , delivered , cubic y r s cut stone , v lued at $ 0 .
T his quarry shows a l arger percenta ge of high grade stone tha n
o n o f wa s oo a o f d a y the others . It Opened t l te t get much O t e a r a at L b h r il o d work , except the piers of the trestle owerre , u t
e a a o f and a w . g ts, _a f ir sh re public priv te ork
’ Ela nner s u arr a wa s a - y q y This qu rry worked irregul rly \
a a . bythe owner of the l nd , Fl nnery He is a builder
n th e was x o n a d product used e clusively houses which he built . NEW YORK STAT E MUSEUM
The u a h a r is q rry s be en idle during recent yea s . The opening a 100 100 n 2 b bout feet long by wide a d 0 deep . The est stone ,
a a a o f at which is very f ir gr de Yonkers , is the west side , the
a an - Th e e stern side d center showing very thin bedded stone .
a o n 49 . qu rry is shown pl . Valentine quarries Several sm all openings exist nearer i Dunwoodie . It s stated that these were worked eight o r 1 0
a a o . a a e ye rs g This inform tion , t ken together with th ir loca
a a re tion , m kes it prob ble that they a the quarries described by Smock as th e Va lentine quarries and mentioned by Mather in
1843. At an a ar i h e y r te , they e of histor c interest as be ing t
fi a e a rst qu rri s Oper ted in the Yonkers gneiss belt .
Mi wood Wes c es er e ll , t h t co . Quarries formerly much work d
’ a a a a t M C M d th for r ilro d b ll st , occur a erritt s orners ( illwoo ) , on e
Ne w and P a a a is a ss York utn m r ilro d . The rock reddish gnei ,
a o f er n s The f at o n resembling some ph ses the Yonk s g eis . oli i
2 ° n i 3 . a d s a e a . strikes n . e lmost v rtic l in dip
W Wes h ’ 2 te P a ns tc ester co . C a 2 a e d hi l i , ollin s qu rry ( ) is loc t a 1 a i a a i n bout mile northe st of S lver l ke , the qu rry be ng show o n 1 i a . m pl 5 . The ateria l shown in both the Ope nings s a f irly
ea well folia ted reddish gneiss o f the Yonkers type . It is h vy
and a are far a t o it bedded , the horizont l joints enough ap rt perm
t he the extraction of good sized blocks o f stone . At present
a m loc l de and is insufficient to warrant steady working .
’ Hartsda e Wes ch e M a 20 a d l , t est r co . cCabe s qu rry ( ) is situ te a 1 a a a o f k bout mile e st of H rtsdale station , in a n rrow belt Yon
r h e s f a . L as s d gneiss . The rock is o f ir quality ittle been u e for structura l work as rough stone ; but a considerable quantity h s a been supplied for m acadamizing roads in the vicinity . The m ateria l exposed is very light bluish in color a nd highly foliated .
’ Hast n s Westch ester c R a a a i g , o . owley s qu rry situ ted lit
a l n r f H n tle e st of the o d aqueduct a d a mile o less south o asti gs ,
’ is a ma l in rock which y be considered Yonkers gneiss . Row ey s quarry was worked for a time to supply stone fo r a bridge o n
W a b ed w o d and di r urton avenue . The stone obtain as t o folde s Plate 51 T o r1 face p. 60
E . e o O E c o t . . k l , ph
’
o ns s ar r no r t e ast o f W te a ns N . . C lli qu y , h hi Pl i Y ( Yo nke rs gne i ss )
NE W YORK ST ATE MUSE UM
a . r r o e nd a r e nomic v lue Finer g ained granite s occu , h wev r , a
at s a a Fe f a ie s worked ever l points within the rea. w o these qu rr are so lo cated with regard t o wate r transpo rtation r outes as t o
o f a a a o d in be more th n loc l importance . The quarry most f v re
’ K r P o T O t ec a a G a a c . W his resp t is ing s , loc ted ne r rison , utn m L M a a a e co . are o f e s t qu rries ne r ke ohegan , Westch ster , inter be ca use of the importance of the works in which their produ c t
a h new C dama t is used , s t ey supply respectively the roton Quaker Bridge and the Cathedra l of St Jo hn the Divine in N e w
York city . w h W h ’ f Ne o e e es c e e r ri . o R c ll , t st r co . Ash s qua es Edwin Ash Ne w Rochelle works a grou p of sma ll quarries (28) in t h e
a e a e Of granite area northe st Of that villag . The po orer gr d
7 bet stone is so ld as foundation stone at 5c to $1 a load . The
o f ter grades he uses himself on monument work . The granite h t a a is e a o f a . c his re , in gen r l , very poor qu lity It is often mu
V n o f a c folia ted and contorted . eins a d po ckets pegm titi
a d ma teri l are scattered through it profusely . A slide showe
s a a a a no t feld p r , qu rtz in subordin te mount , biotite present but in great quantity and a fe w l ar ge fl ake s o f musc ovite . The
c micr o line and a . feldspars pre sent were plagio lase , orthocl se
Fe w minor access o ries were present . The components noted above pl a ce this r o ck betwee n the gra nite s and the quartz
i a . dior tes . The feldsp rs were much clouded The stone is h a rdly suita ble for building purposes for tho ugh the outcrops
do no e t o ra et and t se m be much disinteg ted , y the stone , in h
a a a firm and r ab specimens or the m ss , does not h ve du le
a ppearance .
’ e on Wes ch e er o 27 is Mount V rn , t st c . Fairchild s quarry ( )
M V rr n B o f . a a owne d by Fairchild ros . ount ernon The qu y is
200 o as t o 6 d and Opening about feet l ng (e t west) , 0 feet Wi e
a a o f a e a as 35 high , situ ted on the southern f ce ridg ne r E t
V a and act Mount ernon . The rock is bluish , very tough comp
micro line t o ed a ar granite . Slides Show be the pr omin nt feldsp ,
n M in with some ortho clase a d a little pla giocl a se . uscovite is long coa rse fl akes and biotite in sma ller fl ake s are present in
a e r163 f c p.
o to ph .
' Gra n t e K n s a rr ne a r Ga rr so ns . . i , i g qu y . i N Y o to mc ro ra in o a r e t e n a r e me nt 22 a me te rs Ph i g ph p l iz d ligh . l g di RE PORT OF T HE DIRE CTOR AND STATE GE OLO GI ST 1900 r163 a e a n a bout qual qua ntity . The gr in is small a d the feldsp rs
a n a f irly fresh . The rock is so thinly a d irregularly jointed th t
is i a it not much used for building stone . Even w th great c re , no t over 55 t o 1056 o f the total pro duct could be gotten out in la r ge enough blocks t o use fo r structu ral purpo ses . At present
is a n f r a it crushed t the quarry a d sold o local use a s ma cad m . A 4 0 horse power boiler runs the drills (McK ie rna n) and a
B 1 i ca n renna n crusher ( 8 horse power eng ne) . The crusher
was t urn out 50 to 65 ya rds of crushe d stone a day . The stone
fi a 1 1 wa rst used in building ma cad m roads in 89 . It s found t h a t the granite does not grind up into impalpable dust as does tr a p o r limestone but in dry weather loosens up into a heavy
a a and a du st bout the ch ra cter of co arse sugar , on being w tered
a a a a a a a a p cks down g in into h rd ro d . The ro ds in their we ring
a a e d c a a qu lity h ve exce de expe tations , p rticul rly where the road
n f bed wa s o wet soil . The white color o the r o ad is somewhat
a o obj ection ble during the summer on a cc unt Of the glare .
L e M h e n We he er r ak o ga , stc st co . Intrusive granites a e being e xtensively qua rried at two points about 1 mile south o f Lake
M a . u c o f a a oheg n All the prod t both qu rries is used s cut stone , tha t fromthe northern qu arry (30) in the new cathedral (St
’ J Ne m n ohn s) in w York city, while that fro the souther quarry
2 9 m a B ( ) is used on the new Croton da at Qu ker ridge . The
a t o a r a dis stone is yellowish pinkish , medium gr ined g nite ,
e in a a f n color d places pp rently by decay o its co tained biotite .
’ arrisons Pu n m K 1 G , t a co . ing s qu arry (3 ) is located about
P n u G a a co . a d a f miles so th of rrisons , utn m , 4 mile e st o the
. n i Hudson river It is owned by the K ing gra nite co . a d s at pre sent operated under lea se by Do e rn Sons of Ne w Rochelle N . Y .
The opening is about 300 by 200 feet in a rea and 50 feet deep .
L i fin a u d. s a e ittle w ter is enco ntere The rock grained , light
a a - Cam a nd wn gr y gr nite , intrusive in the pre bri n gneiss , a is sho 52 in section on pl . . The main set of joints strike nearly north and a n 7 ° d a u 0 a . m south , dip bo t to the e st A pro inent hori NE W YORK STATE MUSE UM
zo nt al series Of joints divides the rock into lifts fro m 1 to 8
feet thick . B lack powder is used in bla sting, the holes being put in by
n f r . e c I gersoll steam drills, three o which a e in use Thre derri ks B f t are in pl ace at the quarry . y means o these th e stone is lif ed t o the ground level a nd run o n little trucks down a tra mway to
' t h e dre ssin . L s o i at g sheds ittle polished t ne s sold , the gre er
f 1 e p art o the product being patent hammered . 0 cut work is t h
fi o nest done ; 6 cu t is abo ut the average finish . At p re sent n
r 4 r o paving blocks a e made up . 35 t o 0 men a e employed thr ugh a 10 f a a and bout months o the ye r, in the qu rry, dressing sheds
a . a nd re n 53. lo ding The qu rry a dressing sheds a shown o pl . From the dressing sheds the stone is transported by wagon t o the river where a derrick is used in unloading it from the
n n wagons a d pla cing it o the scows . Among the buildings recently erected o f stone from this
a a re a a nd a a qu rry church school building t Ta rrytown, St
’ e w Y v . and a t . N Joseph s church (Tremont a W shington s ork) , the powder magazines at I ona Island and the gua rdhouse a t West P oint .
Rou nd s and c nd a r l i l , Ro kla co . A gr nite qua ry (3 a) Oper ated by
a R Daniel E . Donov n on ound island h a s furnished l arge quan tities of road meta l . The chemica l composition of this granite is shown by ana lysis1 t o be $
I s nd Oran e co . Pine la , g G ranite qua rries have been on Mt Adam Mt Eve (34) a nd Po c hu ck mounta in
’ 1 r 2oth an r t P 6 n n 2 1 e . u . . e . t o t ue . 4 S. o s . U . g l p , c i d , p P at e 53 To a e r164 l f c p.
E . Ec e o to . . C k l , ph ' K n s arr ne a r Garr so ns . . i g qu y , i N Y ran t e nt r s v e in th e re - Ca mbrla n) ( g i , i u i p
E . E c e o to . . C k l , ph ’ D re ss n s e s K n s arr Ga rr so ns . . i g h d , i g qu y . i N Y
NEW YORK STATE MU SE UM
East Portch ester Fairfield a r 36 in H a r , co . Ct . A small qu r y ( ) r o Pa o a c o r ison di rite is worked by Antonio D . rl Son ne r the
i n B P e . a o n st . C s ner of Henry st . a d ridge , ort h ster This qu rry the Co nnecticut side of the line but is included here fo r co m
l e n a u 5 0 p et ess . The tot l prod ct is probably less than 0 cu bic
a a a u a ad o nd m y rds ye r , incl ding m c a m , r ugh stone a a s a ll a - m a mount of bush hammered (patent ham ered) stone . A gr nite dike abo ut 10 fee t wide cuts the diorite near the opening a nd materia l from it is occasiona lly used by the above firm.
wich Fairfi ld L Green e c Ct . a a , o . rge qu rries (37) in the Harrison
are ca d u f New o N w a n diorite lo te just so th o the Y rk , e H ve d P N . a n a a a ra C . H rtford r ilro d t cks , between ort hester Y m G reenwich Ct . The diorite is here much ore ma ssive tha n in the Ne w York portion of the area and h as long been va lued a s
a . a are h e building stone The f cilities for shipping excellent , t
’ u a e q rries being almost at the water s edge . The diorite a r a
a tam and a a extends to ne r S ford , sm ll qu rries (38) o ccur a t sev
a er l points within its bounda ries .
Cortlandt series $ gabbro and diorites
a a Co r t landt a n The d rk colored , b sic rocks of the series cover a rea of a bout 20 squ are miles in the towns of Co rt landt a nd
M a is i a . a Yorktown , Westchester co uch of the m teri l su t ble
u se as a a a a a a n o t for m c d m , but unfortun tely the best m teri l is
a M h as a 39 e a ne r the Hudson river . uch stone been qu rried ( ) n r
a B o in d a o c . am Qu ker ridge , Westchester , for use the new cr ss
K . r h P . the Croton rive . This rock a s been reported on by rof . J K m 1 V . a a ma h im . u lté e p An n lysis de for by H . T , follows
The specific gra vity of th e above rock is stated1 as being
l m 1 K . n s E 2 . . 9 0 . . 4 e a boo o f ro d . 0 9 p H d k ck . p
P ate 54 To a e t l l f c p. 67
E O. E c e o to . . k l , ph
o a a rt te ee s l Cree s o w n s at P ughqu g qu zi , P k kil k . h i g l y c l eav a ge
Plate 55 To face r167
E . e o Ec o t . . C k l , ph
a rr in o a a rt ite nea r A ams o rn e rs Qu y P ughqu g qu z , d C .
Pu tnamc o . N . Y . RE PORT OF T HE DI RE CT O R AND STAT E GE OLOGIST 1900 r1 67
1 A mica diorite of the Co rt landt series was tested fo r co m
a a . pres sive strength , crushing at lb squ re inch
Newark diabase
The trap o f the Newark syste m h as been long kno wn as a
La a 40 are a va lua ble roa d metal . rge qu rries ( ) in this rock loc ted
f 41 h as o N a R a co . a a north y ck , ockl nd ; while qu rry ( ) been f a Mt I v R a . o a e a rece ntly opened ne r y, ockl nd co Tests m t ri l
from several of the se quarries will be found recorded on p . r 1 4—r 1 22 o f the 20t h re port of the sta te geologist 900 .
SAND ST O NE S $ I NC LU D I NG SH ALE S
Pou ghquag quartzite In Westchester co u nt v the Poughqua g qua rtzite is a very
ha a nd m a silicio u sl e at rd co p ct y cem nted sandstone , occurring the conta ct between the Fordha m gneiss and St o ckl‘ridge lime a 0 a stone . The formation h a s a thickness of at le st 3 feet ne r i Ha stings but thins o u t o n going south o r east . The rock s pre
v ailin l n a nd g y light colored a d very evenly thinly bedded , the
a a 2 . sl bs v rying usu a lly from 1 inch to inches in thickness This ,
t h e a with closeness of its jointing, usu lly prevents even moder
at e z . si ed blocks from being obta ined The rock therefore , ’ h f a . a s though highly dura ble , is o little economic import nce It been used however a s coping for a ret aining wall on Wa rburton
av enue nea r Hastings . At this point it wa s obta ined in sl abs
a n bout 4 feet by 3 feet by 3 inches a d makes an idea l coping . Ne a r Ad ams Corners in Putnam county is a small qua rry in
a One now a this form tion of the Openings , lmost hidden by i a s . 55 . wa veget tion , shown on pl The product s used for fur
a i n ce l ning . Hudson sh ales and sandstones P a B. a a rof . Willi m Dwight st tes th t in Dutchess county the sandstone Of the Hu dson form ation is everywhere fine grained and very irregularly be dded ; and that it is of only local u se a s
a a building stone . Qu rries in the thicker beds h ve been worked
n nd a Of a a a a co . a e r Highl nd , Ulster ; the sh les the form tion h ve been uarried to some extent in Orange county for use a s road m q etal .
‘ N wb rr S o o o f mne s u arter Ju 1887. e e y . ch l i q ly , ly NEW YO RK STATE MUSE UM
Green Pond conglomerate
r V r m h a s n e O an e o . P a Ce t al all y, g c The G reen ond conglo er te
T h e been used to a small extent fo r foundation and wall stone . m a e o n . 56 a n e a r s ll bridg , one arch of which is shown pl , is loc ted
V nd wa s n O f C a a O a . a entr l lley , r nge co built under the directio
Mr Richard Ficken from blocks of G reen Pond conglomera t e .
a w a a a a r i a l Used in the m nner sho n , it is decidedly ttr ctive m te and mu ch prefer able to the rough dressed limestones so oft e n
n u sed for similar bridges a d wa lls .
Pine Hill qu artzite
The white and red qua rtzites of the Pine Hill formation a r e well exposed a long the crest and a t the southern end of Pi n e
. a as a a s s hill They h ve been little used , their h rdness m kes dre
ifli i a fi a e x ing d cu ft. It s probable th t they could be pro t bly
lo ite d a nd a n h a and fin d a p , th t sto e of t is qu lity color would
ready ma rket in Ne w York city .
Longwood red shales
H h r n o e e r e 4 h a d M s O a e c . v a a 6 m ig l n ill , g S r l qu r i s ( ) in t is for a
a e P e h e a it s e nd r tion long the w st side of in ill , n r southern , a e
Th a r e u e d worked rather extensively . e red shales . s on most o f
a i and a ffi a re a n the ro ds in the ne ghborhood , , for light tr c ,
m m a a ffi h w a a a a a . d ir ble ro d et l Under he vy tr c , o ever , Speci lly
in we t e a h a fine ff a . w t er , they grind up into sti cl y
Bellvale flags
Monroe Or n o . B a fl a are a r , a ge c Two qu arries in the ellv le gs ne
M Th e fi a a i a a th e onroe . rst , the D vison qu rry s loc ted ne r
e M a e a O . . C S ven Springs ount in house ; the s cond , th t of H ooley
w at a a re is nea r e r Monroe . The beds orked both qu rries
n fl a s o ne s a a nd h thin a d irregul arly bedded g t , gr y in color, wit
m a a . a a a uch wa ste m teri l The qu rries h ve , however , furnished
m ma a a u se as consider able a ount of teri l for loc l steps , curbing ,
fl a a e s a t c . as o a gging, e , no ther m teri l suit ble for these purpos
occurs in the vicinity .
RE PORT OF THE DIREC TO R AND STATE G E OLOGI ST 1900 r169
Newark sandstone
N d H v ers aw o d o . a yack an a tr , R cklan c The reddish brown s nd stones Of the Newa rk systemwere formerly quarried (47) exten siv e l R a is o f y in ockl nd county . At present the product still l m a is a o n v . some i port nce , but used loc lly
L I ME ST O NE S I NC L U D I NG MAR B L E S
Cembro-Silurian ( l ) limestones of th e Highlands
Severa l of the a re as o f white limestone in the Highl ands o f Putna mand Orange counties have been worked fo r lime ; a fe w ha ve furnished stone for local building purposes . The only qu a rry o f su flicie nt inte rest t o warrant notice here is described below .
’ Co d S r n Putnam o He u stis s a w h as l p i g, c . qu rry hich not
e ma a is a a 4 a been work d for ny ye rs , loc ted bout miles northe st
C P m a a a . of o ld Spring, utn co The product , serpentine m rble , wa s obtained froman outcrop of limestone on the western bank
a ma a a a . of s ll brook . In the brook thin bedded qu rtzite ppe rs
AS e and can both lim stone quartzite be tra ced, though with
a wa a freq uent bre ks , to the north rd , till the v lley opens out into
r a Pa e a o f u the g e t l ozoic pl in D tchess county, it seems prob a bl e that they are merely very highly crystalline representa tiv e s o f the Stockbridge limestone and Po ughquag quartzite r H es pe ctively . At e u stis qua rry the ma rble is he avily charged w a w ma a d t o ith silic tes , hose presence y be ttribute the intrusion o f a dike of red granite which o utcrops near the
a e a are su m qu rry . The serp ntinous portions of the m rble not cie ntly la rge o r firmto warr ant exploitation and the quarry is
merely of histo ric interest .
Stockbridge and Barnegat limestones
The Stockbridge limestone wa s formerly highly esteemed as a f n w fo r . O structura l stone , a d many quarries orked it such use
it s a h as and o ne l ate years , however , popul rity declined , only limestone quarry is no w producing building stone in the are a
under discussion . NEW YO RK STATE MU SE UM
. is h w r f I n o ev e o . The rock , , great value for other purposes its le ss crysta lline condition (a s shown at Tomkins Cove and
S a s a A toneco) it is very import nt a a source of ro d meta l .
u a are o ne number of q rries still working , but only produces
o . a e building st ne The others crush the m terial , eith r selling
a s a it m rble dust , for use in the ma nufa cture o f ca rbonated waters and a lso in aspha lt paving mixtures ; o r burning it into
t o fo r r lime , be used chemica l o structura l purposes . Wherever a a a a u a m gnesi lime is service ble , the product of these q rries c n a be utilized . In early times lime was burnt at severa l points
and L a s w a s o f u n between Yonkers owerre , ell north Sp yte
a o l n Duyvil , sever l d kilns still being visible near the Hudso river .
Tu W c a oe. st es er o r Br rr e c t c No cro ss os. ua . k h h . q y This , the north e r nmo st 53 a a i t a wa s ( ) of the princip l qu rr es a Tuck hoe , opened 1 4 5 . e e M . . wa 8 wa s . a in It work d by A xw ll , then by A T Ste rt ,
’ an t r is d is no ed in Smock s report as the Ste wart qua ry . It
a now oper ted by Norcross Bros . under the superintendency of
Mr M Ma f r . . a o a a J sterton . The qu rry is Opened dist nce of about 600 feet a long the strike and is 150 feet wide and 70 deep. No lime is burned and a ll the product is marketed a s dressed m m . m f i a u stone During the entire ti e o t s working , the xim
Dur annua l production was about or cubic feet . ing late years the principal buildings supplied were the Home
L nd R C a h . a ife (rebuilding) , the l rk mansion (80t st iverside — and Ne L all e . drive) , the w York ife in N w York city — Three bo ile rs are in se rvice o ne 100 ho rse po wer in the mill,
The and an 80 ho rse po wer and 50 horse power in the quarry . water is obtained from a spring in the quarry and requires no
ir s tre atment . An a compressor is used , which runs the drill
r d s and the pneumatic tools in the mill . The comp essor , rill ,
quarry -ba r and gadders are Ingersoll - Sergeant ; the six chan
a re a o f a ne le rs ar e Sullivan . In the mill seven g ngs s ws , four
a a and e e . pl ners , three turning l thes thre rubbing b ds
° is 70 so t o . The dip steep , or the west In the more openly
bedded pa rts of the qua rry wedges ar e used t o separate the RE PORT OF THE DIRE CT OR AND STATE GEO LOGI ST 1900 r171
a an a e 12 sla bs . In closely bedded p rts ch nelers m k cuts feet
d and 2 o n . es are a eep inches wide , the dip Th e cuts put in bout
42 o r o n a a are inches apart . G adders drills mounted qu rry b rs then used t o put in rows o f horizonta l holes at right angles to
a a s the strike . Wedges in these holes rele se the stone in sl b
P to of the desired size . owerful derricks then lift the blocks
is a a the level Of the mill . After dressing it sent down side tr ck
O are t o the H arlem railro ad above Tuckahoe . N explosives
s u ed .
’ rr 52 is Of Tucka hoe marble company s qu a y. This ( ) next south
a i a nd h as fiv e a the bove , is dle now , not been worked for ye rs or more .
N e Y k rr 51 o o f w or qua y co . This quarry ( ) is the southernm st the Tucka hoe quarries and wa s formerly known as the Ma ster
nd t o n . n a qua rry O e of its two openings is idle , the other
’ a O Co nnell H l rger is worked under lease by illery , the stone
$ $ being crushed fo r marble dust o r burned into lime . The
a a - rock is bl sted , h mmer broken into pieces of convenient size and carried by cableway t o the kilns .
’ Analyses of the stone from the O Co nne ll and Hillery quarry
a u follow . Sever l Of these have been erroneo sly quoted in dif
’ fere nt a a nd a a a a a st te feder l public tions , the n lysts n mes being given incorrectly and the analyses being referred t o the N o r cross qu a rry .
W F . ebr a an st 1 . Hill nd, aly , 887
H. $ Bo ke r n 4 w , a alyst , 189 . ’ I an re t U . e . ur . t 3 79 . p . S g ol s n , p. 6.
. Q e ic n P P. R ke tts, a alyst , 1887. NEW YO RK STATE MU SE U M
White P W este o ains estc r c . A l , h qua rry (57) h as been Opened in
the Stockbridge limestone just west Of the tracks Of the Ne w York and H a rlem ra ilroad and about 1 mile north Of White
’ P a . a b Ja o nne ll Al l ins It is Oper ted y mes O C . l the rock quar
' is Or m V e ried burned into lime used as crushed li estone . i ws at
a ar e o n 7 n . 5 a this qu rry shown pl a d 58. An an lysis Of the lime a stone , m de by Huntington in 1899 follows
Si 0 3
A1 0 and F 2 3 e20 3 .
Mg 0 0 3
Av a bl ( ila e 0 0 2 .
Hast n s Westc ester 0 0 i g , h . At Hastings the Old quarry (55) is
and Of l unworked, is merely historic interest . West Of the O d Croton aquedu ct a qu a rry was Opened in a thin bedded and w a . a brownish limestone , very mic ceous The produ ct s intended
a a f o for the sph lt blocks O the Ha stings paving c . but proved
a uns tisfa ctory .
P easantvi e W s 58 l ll , e tchester co . Several large quarries ( ) in the
P a Stockbridge limestone are loca ted south Of leasantville , ne r
Unionville station . The product h as been largely used , both
a fo r structural purposes and for burning into lime . The m rble
from these qu arries is coarser . gr ained than that from Tu cka
h e nd a and o a a . , lost public f vor earlier The lime qu rries kilns,
P a a w . a a however , h ve been orked till lately An lyses Of le s nt ville limestone follow $
’ 1 m . r 466 R s . Y . s u . l e . H . ies , analy t , N tate s O st an p t , p . $ ’ 2 i . . Co umb c o le e U. e o sur . l 6t h re t t 3 468. l a l g , S. g l p , p , p
W i b Y . 3 r n l . t mu s . Bul 10 . l e , a a yst, N . s ate
Ossin n Wes c ester o M wa a on i g, t h c . arble s formerly qu rried
a a land belonging to the state ne ar Ossining . The following n l P ate 57 To a e r172 l f c p.
O . Ec e to k l , pho .
’ ’ O Co nne l l s a r r near Wh te a ns qu y , i Pl i V e o f e le v ato r n i w , kil s e tc . ( Sto c kbridge lime sto ne )
R E PO RT O F TH E DI R E CTO R AND STAT E G E O LO G I ST 1 900 r173
B 1 and a si of a m L. C . y s m rble fro Sing Sing , is given by eck p
r n l pa e t y is Of m aterial from this quarry . 5 24 0 30 0 3 3
| F9 . 87 Si0 2, A O3. 20 3
TWO a a 60 61 k a l rge qu rries ( , ) in the Stoc bridge limestone h ve
o a O a l ng been worked ne r ssining , p rt Of the product being
$ fl u x nd shipped fo r u se as a part being burned into lime . These quarrie s ar e worked by Henry Ma rks and the Sing Sing lime 2 co e . a . . , r spectively An lyses Of the rock follow 9 SiOz 8 . 87 84 . 57 3 25 31 4 31 4
’ Westchester co . a a 65 Oscawana, T t s qu rry ( ) is located about 2 V miles northea st Of Osca wana st ation . ery little stone h a s
n a t been ta ken o u t a d the opening is not present worked . The
n fin product is a very white a d very e grained ma rble . The
a am w as qu rry could not be closely ex ined hen visited , the Open
was fi w a s Of a can h ing lled ith w ter , but if block l rge size be O
t ain a ma a a s ed the product Should be re dily rket ble , the qua lity
fa r a s and a are . is excellent , so color gr in concerned
Bed rd Wes c ester o a 62 a and fo , t h c . Several small qu rries ( ) e st B northe a st Of edford in the Stockbridge limestone , were for
u fo r a . merly worked , the product being b rned into lime loc l use
A n W n h o nne c i rmo stc es e o . f e C t k, e h t r c Qu arries just orth O t w ll cut line ere formerly worked rather extensively, a the pro
u d ct being burned into lime .
’ ’ Go den s Br d e West es r co 4 l i g , ch te . Todd s quarry (6 ) is situated
’ a 3 a i a u in bout miles e st Of G olden s bridge . It s sma ll q arry,
a a n h r ther highly contorted limestone , a d a s not been worked
a 1 fi o r for the p st 0 yea rs . The stone does not appea r t o be t f
u cutting , tho gh a mill is located ne ar th e Opening . Ma rble h a s been quarried at Patterson and Towners Put n amc O . ; but the product wa s not l a rge and the quarries have
fo r a been idle some ye rs .
‘ r 3d ’ 1 1 N Y eo . su . r t . . 839 . 9 . . g l ep . p 2 ’ N Y . stat o 1 th n e 7 a . r t 1 R e s . e . 63 . e . 899 . 4 i g l p . p . NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM
u D v er Du ess co . The S u D e b e s So th o , tch o th ov r mar le co . Operat
Th e a large qu arry (67) about 2 miles no rtheast o f Wing station .
o all of c is e fo r s c a u is ca d pr duct, whi h us d tru tur l p rposes, rrie t o the railroad at Wing o n an electric trolle y road built by th e
a fo r a a Of a a b comp ny that pur po se . An n lysis the m rble m de y Ricketts and Ban ks follo ws r s s
30 . s 2 0 . a t s
P ains o Th a Dov er l , Dutchess c . i s qu rry was no t visited by th e
and t he o es n m writer, foll wing d criptio is therefore quoted fro
Rie l s .
P a K a G . . . a e a a r At Dover l ins , J H etch m h ve Op rated qu r y a t he ad 1 s a h Th e c long highro } mile outhe st Of t e to wn . ro k is a fi ne a d o a . h soft , gr ine dol mite Of gr y o r white color T e opening is a o 200 o 20 t o 30 n b ut feet l ng, feet wide a d 10 feet deep . N O ana lysis was made o f the stone but several sa mples we re e x amine d t o d so b a r n etermine their in lu le m tter, which a from 2 t o
3 per cent .
Small ma rble quarries have been Operated at se veral othe r
a e n c s o o b po ints in e st r Dut he s c unty , n ta ly nea r Pawling and
Dover.
ne Du ss o L a Sto co, tche c . arge qu rrie s (68) in the blue silicio u s lim o ne a bee n o n C n st h ve Opened linto point , On the eas t side Of
New Ha the Hudson river , north Of mburg . These qua rries are
Operated by the Hudso n River stone supply co . All the product
’
a u s ar c a ada e d. is used as road met l , t o which e it is p ti ul rly we ll pt Samples from these qu arrim have bee n tested fo r bindin g f a t c . and o n power , we r , e , the results these tests will be fou d — r14 r22 20th a s . reported on p . Of the report Of the st te geologi t Ries gives the follo wing analysis of the limestone from Clint o n point .
‘ ’ 17th an re t . 1899. Ries . N . Y . state geo l . . p