m-tencMitce~thei hrgiméDlnteg 5aeneil m-tencMitce~thei hrgiméDlnteg 5aeneil of economie ~ett~e and hms ia'o5ded the vital almerts aeeesasy for lan Smith a.d h, etlenthanfroemh11accithisr INSTITUTE BANNED AfricandikiatWT ORLYen vetagalsot.theGleneralthattheNGIterksouldtahesacha deetsion ?PNET The AstApadieid itoveeise laimig Syndf the tNdei~Lt GereformerdeKerlr a most dttrbleg Indiearinn that the Cisreb i- otak, ~1Imbic ~ d ngbc rmýsj t arget «hte eharehin Smth Africa is inthehroeess of emovingusel from nls mmdl of ovembher, o- 1 -u -fe\ I o n h biggeest of the threa Dsiri Rteformead relen of Christ and initsirg inte the grip of g" a itmiaia setemn whYic Oeinbertoeqdinawtheideer nåaia Otherdeirisns taesb theSynadwes new ly ..-h white *soty rile. Mr WiLsons Christian Insit1c All NG 5Ke"mbers 1. T. ;kte Minister fJastine te make. itneermnest Osat be made ~wae of the -ere ordered te wifdan from mmberehip ad.1tery and living tei sin erimes legally Btritish poeple's dans> cmieernforiliefotsae oftheinstituate .pmisth.hableinaoriofla. .. Rhdsan "i oihern Afrtca ma 5 ihote The Syo .idthat the tChrla. o - 2. T. ak the Minister te make divoi:ee mora ed this. Ond in partieolsr to their opposition to am' ts# was, by itsaabmandpuU cttmn, difficult. Iretna setitlemaent wid gr~~ indepe~di te the undrod gs the Charc auhrtyadsoig-.Toatettet tM step te the prodsetlen Smithregim,. dlsonas ~amia mmiti.eD and sataet saeso Sodsys. The ýJone e emn'eaelnii .D.Vorster,~nin oftheCmrieand 4.Toin-eitiae the * inlster' inflaence of beftaspellyroI ptz d4iaib brotherfsthePrimekMister, sidthe tele~~ooo 7 avslle In iens of times c. The osinard lI"stite was xeainly restsoedblefrrthe* - gly 5. To epooss ~lrragas b-etsveen copl of, Weener carriesa PIedge pto st~l ageast aithede- In2p*oftheKerkovese~as. diff.rentratc mppuation gr~s, I-ling -ý- st- 11- "ai.oad -,,age ljmodlate _The Direeter ofteCrsiIsiue , t h hse betweeo ditfferent sýanad caltoraj
AGM looks sad year LIKE NEW Year, ansual meetingsprovidethe occasion for melancholy backward reflection and bracing resolves for the future. For Anti-Apartheid, October 16 was the day of introspection' considering the work of the organrsatlon, its role, its operation within the sphere of events in Southern Africa this past year and next. The Movement's annual aeting, held at the National Liberal Club in Whitehall Place, and atiended by about 150 members, dwltonthe melancholy events of the past year. Rhodesia's declaration of independente, the British Government's slow reactionto events, lack of willingness to direct them away from the entrenchment of eventual (legal?) white minority rule, the coming to such dubious indepisddece of Botswana and Lesoto, the entry to power of Ithe strong man bf South Africa, Mr Vorster-all these events were raised in the addresses made to menoers by Thoma. Kelioch, Q C, retiring chairman. and S. Abdul, the secretary. Members discussed this newspaper, andIt circulation problems, and pondered at length on the Movement's desperate financial posities, to deal with which a new fond-raining committee was set up. A new national committee was elected, which later elected Andrew Fasdt MP, as Chairman. Vella Piliay v ce-chairman, Faulds ANDREW FAULDS, Labour MP for Smethwick has been elected Chairman'of the Anil..Apartheid Movement's Executive Committee for the coming year. Member for one of this country's mast race.consclous areas, Andrew PFold,, dP Andrew Faulds has always regarded racism as a crucial contemporary issue. Ro in Nyasaand. (now Rhodesia's nextRoor nelebbhur of Malawi) his interest in the resolution of the Rhdelan problem is intense, and his remarks an Britiu Government policy to date have been ontspoken demands for straightforward action to end the Smith rebellion, sing force if nocessary. Formerly an actor, Andrew Faulds has worked closely with the Anti-Apartheid Movement over thepsttwoyearsonatsmpts to promote the cull al boycott of South Africa. Thomas 0. Kelioh QC, chairman of the. Executive committee for the post three years, will be sadly missed. Be made a tour of South Africa onbeig electedto office three years ago and ever since then has worked arduously for the Movement both in this country aNd on frequent tips abroad. HELP! us to raise money and to work politically Buy and Sell our Rhodesia postcard 2s 6d each card, ready-addressed to the House of Commons for the MP of your choice Each card pledges the sender to week for. minority rule In Rhodesia. It demands that no settlement be made legalising white minority rule in Rhodesia Buy and Sell the Postcard NOW Obainable frop:AAM 89 Charlotte Street Leaden W.A S. Abdul as secretary and Tory O'Dowd as treasurer. Copies of the annual report are available from Anti.Apartheid Movement offices. to the ftmso. a d hedpel o speakers addr'euued a large public meeting on various aspects ofSouthernAfrica.Demds Brutus, recently arrived in the UK from South Africa-de first former Rebhan Island prisoner here-spoke of political prisoners and their treatment. He was followed by Jach Hal en, author of the Pesguin 'Soth Africa's Hostages', who gave a scholarly expose of the positio in which the two new independent ountries of Lesotho and Botowana (formerly Basutnland and Bechuenaland) and the remaining Protectorate, Swuolasd now find themselves and suggested guidelines for amti-aparheid activity internationally to esuse their in-, dependence from their neighbour of Smdt Africa. Richard Whittsker, the former lecturer at lbuy Uolversity Collage, deported this umser by the Smith regime, gave a wry account of British Government policy shifts since 164, and an idea of the receptionthese have had in Rhodesia itself, outlining the disappointment they have given rise to in those oposed to Smith's policies. Ronald Segal, member of Anti-Apartheid's executive committee, author of a new work Jack Haleem addresses the pu meetThe Race War' ,od editor of the Pe g i e a, P ingfollowingtheAniAa eidc '"murl Africa Lthrary, mde realistic asseamnta fWorldattitudestwa Su ...a.t dy aggregemeetingonOctober16.Wsthan d 'urgent yet greater s im on the platform were (left to right) move British Go-rment policy towards a Ronald Regal, Demis Bmtus, TO. kel. readiness to cofront Souh Africa and away lock, S. At-dau, and Richard Whitmbr. mthe psition where Britain, mght fied itself Interveniog in Southern Africa only to defend white supremacy. ENEWS FROM THEMOVEMENTSTUDENTS raisefsndsfortheMovement. isteeted Apartheid Movementon Dece r9. The BRITISH STUDEN action to markthedecla- readers should cootact JulisBakerat AM meeting is being held to oincide withtherationofRhodesianIndependenceon 787.s d anniversaryofthepassingofa2Noebeil yearis mDaveKitn,aformerNovember Is takningatwoforms. DERBY rsident of Hornsay, for politteal activities Th0aina galationot~iadentillusesia, InSuhArc.M eaere eto ActionGroupsIsarranghiacotimnas JUDY T ,ODD.daughterofformer Rhodesian hiSouth Africe. Mr ieks sera rt o 4-iour vlgl fronmtlamonFridayNovember premier Garfield Todd, cently released Ki own seotne In company with Dave 11 i tt am on Snxesay November 13. Further after a year's restriction on his farm near deitils from Dorothy Keys.91lKnollysRoad.SalisburywilladdressameetingoftheLOndonSW16.ry . -Derby Ant-Aparteld GrouponNovember 14. CHRISTMAS O SaturdayDecember ;thesameorgaina. It Is hoped that Philip Noel-Baker MP and lien Is sponsoriag a teach-in on mRhodesia Reginald September of the South African NRAMES AND addresses of some political In the political and economic conteot of National Congres will also take prt prisoners, their families and other people Sother AfricattheLondonScho suff some k eidofportialpraeatits Econmricirfrom1tamto6par. inSosiAfricaareavailable for readers THAMES VALLEY COFFEE EVENINGS- to pr"wa e and coordenate anti-apartheld activity throughout the area covered by the Thams Valley Anti-Apartheid Movement are being aren. ised by the group for late November and December. They are i be hed in Slough, Windsor. hsdoened, Beaconofleld, Ayiesbury, Reading, High Wyeombe, The Chfta. Recent refugees from South Africa will be present at these gatherings. Asp, reader or member in the area wishing to know more should contact Ian Coulaon of 17 Alsbousne rad, Burnham, Backs, at Orchardsgrove 8464. HAMPSTEAD A NEW Ati-Apartieid comeilee has been set up in Hastead. A lively inaugural meetg was bold at the Three Horseshoes Pub in Reath Street, and was addiressed by Boo Whitaker, MP for Haui , lida Berstein and Albi Sahs, two political refugeen from South Ajrca resident in the area. Both the Labour and Liberal parties have been helpful in elrcularising their members to inform themoftheetsiblisheet of the new branch which hopes to Jatseh, a membership drive for anti-spantheid, and HELP THE DEFENCE AND AID FUND THE DIVIDENDS FROM YOUR PURCHASES WILL* ASSIST VICTIMS OF APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA Buy at any Co-operative store in this country and quote our number:1297334 (OUNCILS *THE BOROUGH conils of Hooesow, London, and Sioeh, Backs, have recently aeed to boycott South African goods. Nearly &0 ,ide authorities in the UK areoowhoycoiiin this way. HORNSEY TIM CURTIN, One at the lecturers at the Uriversity Colege of Salistsury, recently deported by the Smith regime, is addressing a aseeting of the Northaltetio and Thirsh Anti-Apartheldbrancitobeheldin November. Mr Cartin Is now workingatYorkUiaveoity. Members and readers in the area should get further details from Roger Fieldbonse 3 Mulgrave Drive, Romaby, Northallerton, Yorkshire. NORTHALLERTON ALAN BROOKS, the young British lecturer recntly relenedfrom jain Ros. Africa Will address a Tseetingof the iormsy Anti- wishing to send Christuma greetings. A stamped addressed envelope to AsffiApu theld Movement offies will secure a lst. but it should be pointed Out that postal costs FROM South Africa are such that replies shoeld not necessarily be cxpecd. SWEDEN THE NATIONAL Counel of Swedish Youth arranged a special Southern African Campaign week from October 24-29. Ma ganisaftisa took part in the activitiesdJuryplngsposts end disseminating material on the slituation in Southern Africa. NORWAY IN NORWAY, tse Anti-Aparthehi Movement has arranged a public meeting to take place on November 1 to mark the aoiverary of7 U DI' They have alsowrltentothe orwegian Foreign Minister about the isneenlty for International assistance and viglance regarding the independence of Botswan nd Lesotho. PHOTOCRAFT _(Hampstead) Ltd. PHOTOGAPHIC DoAns anD PeOs onAPHrs 4 HEATH STREET. LONDON, N.W. 3 Phon HAHed "32, Fr eseesh anywh in sthe U.K. Deeloping and Printing of ciour and B & E H..BROOKS & SON We have thousands of waiting applicants for HOUSES and FLATS (London area ONLY - PLEASE) usual scale commission. We have houses for sale i n the more undesirable parts of London from about £5,000 and in the more central ares from about £8,000 - £25,000- BUT NO FLATS ANYWHERE UNDER ABOUT £6,00 a year - sorry! Roy Brooks, EH Brooks and Son. Gloucester Lodge, Courtfield Road" S.W.7 FRO 1166
ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS November 1966. Page 3 'They sing with an urgent, hoarse pathos' THE LIVING HELL OF CENTRAL PRISON RHODESIAN 'RIVONIA' TRIAL WHAT SOME commetaors is London hove called 'E Rhodesian Rivonia' trial, started last month in Salisbury. On October 3, John Conradie was committed for trial on four charges sader the Law and Order Malecents Act aodtheUaflOrganisations Act. The former imposes a mandatory death seatence en tae fond guil y of comsraveOnld hi stIp.latios Also charged with Coaradie were one European and 15 Africans. Lawyers believe that there Is apossibility ibtthey,too cosld face a mandatory deth penalty. The charges arise from the alleged discovery of weSPOs and subversive Ioteratare' at the hom of Ivan G. Dion, the other European to be charge. Urgent ros for moeyto emre legal dfoence were made both in cables from Rhosdesia and by the Romdan Rights Advisor Service i London to the Chairmnp of the Defenee and Aid Fund. Can Collins, who immediately ordered that a token sm be put taide for this Purpose and prondsed tht the p m Eseaworld make an argeat pablic appeal for fends. Since Canon Collins replied to the first reqaests, news has reached the Dfeme and Aid Fond that 37 're arrests have beean made and that there is a likelihood that they will jnto the 17 orignal defendants Inthe dock. First estimates of the costs involved are in the region of £2.500 hot, frompast experi. ence, the Defence and Aid Fund knows that these estlmates are Inclined to be conservative. , Because what t being calledthe' Conradie trial' is the biggest political trial to be held in Rhodesia asice UDI the Fend regards it as an Importan test of its ability to uphold the Rule of Law inside the rebel State, and hopes dat opponents of apartheid In Britain wil make it possible for the Fond to secure the fneapoholelogalbrans forthedeonce. A special appeal signed by A group of Defence and Aid sponsora. Including leadng figures in the Ch Iches, thepolitialpriea, the arts and the professions, has already appeared in several newspapers. CENTRAL PRISON, Pretoria. deserves to rank anongst the mast netorious pris tos in the world. Known throeghout the crmInal -nderworld as "die gront huS (the big hose-Ed.), it is reckoned by most wlhve passed throgh It to he tangb. grim sn Impossible to escape from. As a politica prisoer I bae lived i several Sooth African jaila. My seven weehs in Central eary this year were by far the worst. I was kept in the Segregation wectios (Le. solitary eonfnemen0sothattheSea"iy Police could subject me to their lilegol contireos interrogation tochnlue with litl chance of the outside world knowng about itor intervening. In the same wing as theSegregation section, on the floor above, is the 'condemnedv section. There are kept the me and womes (they number'well over 100 every year now) who have been sentenced to death. All emecutions in South Africa take place in Central Prisnm. Up to six are executed at a time, usualiy early in the morning. They say that If ydou're ti a cell near the death chamrber you can hear the dosp. The condemned are told of the actual time and day of their death three days in advasuce. Than they knew that al the appealto and peitions and appltcatin s for inamy tationof the death sertencolsave finally failed. Hope lingers on. for lst-mlnute reprieves are not unknown, but meat if not all mast prepare for death. The law has taken Its omse, justice mast be doe. But, almest in ancmels admission of the atmre oftheir actions, the authorities do nt permit justice In be sean to be de. Pretoria aseps, while the useen hangman prepares the noose. to their last three doys. the condenedd Afrianse, Coloureds andIndlans who eonrsle the great majoriy of those executed, sing. They sing with en urgent hoarse pathos, as theegh in their singing they must concentrate all the living that will bodentedthem, and yet they know it is hopeless. They sing, voices breaking, end they leep, and they sing gain uti exhausted, and so It goes throughou the night. They sing as they walk in formation to the gallows. It was In Central Prison that Veysile Mint and two others were executed for their political astivities; they refused an offer to save themelves by betraying their associates. It was in Central that Joe eHarris walked toIds death singing 'We Shall Overcome'. In Central, too, was the riotofte condemned in 1962, when the strain ofprtracteddlays, the indignities of the dl stripping nd searching, the rigoarsofoenlitary onfinement with death in the offeing caasedthe 61 Africans awaiting execution to make a desperate bid for their lives. Mady were savagely beaten. tar were shot. Perhaps they were the lurby Wees. The singng-isistent. Inescapable and prnouodly distrbib-s meof mymost -by Alan BrooksBritilh-bom former lectIrer at Cape Town University, until recently a political prisoner who is now in Britain vivid memories of Pretoria. Another concerns a man I shaU rail Wiliams. He is to, and has been in and out ofprisons and mental Institutioss maSt of his life. itcase his warpedand complexpersonaity fits neatly into sne of the existing medicoTHE DETAINEE For him there was no Gethsemane No sleeping disciples on guard No Iscariot to betray He was alone When they came in the morning And took him away Twenty-five men with guns Silently Efitiently They drove him to gaol No wo.en wept And no man ran For nob _jnew The birds sang in the dawn Of that namceless day And Table Mountain greeted the sea usual Who was there to cry Give us Barabwa? In that quiet room Not thorns But on eapty inIstad Of rdds and purple asbes A bare ody And electrodes In that silent room The doctor The investigating officer Knew The Science Of Betsen Dachau Buclenwald Speak And you will be free Science ha determined, Statistically plotted , The limits of huma~pain But he was a simple man And his heart was as pure As ohigd's Well he knew the Jonus in as And what they left of his body ie hung by his belt On a bea n - Achmat Osman Nov. 1965 legal categories, he gets proper treatment nmwhere, and this man with the frigtened argumentative temperament of a difficult child goes off his head every second or third day. Atleast, be did when Iwasthere. Where is he new? Williams would provoke an argument with a warder. (Anybody who hasbeeninsoitaryfor long periods will undersntand this need for contact, for attention. And how compelling it must be for a manwiththe mind and emotions of a child.) The argument would invariably end with williams crouching in the corner of his cell or in the exercise yard screaming at the top of his voice, bellowing threats, Imprecations, self.justification, abuse. demands, requests and finally ending In a bout of singing or whimpering depending on the warders' response. ne day they put Williams in a straitket. it cred him-for aday ortwo. A went or two later they gave him lashes. I saw his horribly braised buttocks afterwards. Not a prisoner in that section who had not felt the world exploding inside his head from the exacerbation of the strains of solitary con. finement by the crescendoes of Willians' tantrums over the previous weeks. All cred him for It. Yet few failed to ommenat that 'he took his lashes like a man', and all Vrqpathised with him. There's nothing like rutality for forging solidarity among prisoners. Almost within sight of Central Prison Is another large solid structure -the Voertrekker Monumet. To It come Afrikaners from all over the eoetr toreveretheir ancestors and stre en the values which they share with them, Many a prisoner-and ot just the politicala-has wondered whichtofheseheavy solemn buildings better symbelisen what white Soth Africa really stands for. The Block Sash THE SOUTH African womlen's orgneation, the lIack Sashi, decided at its conference in Cape Town in October to launcha campeign on the pass laws nso that no SoutAfricm can plead Ignorance of the moral, econende and social effects of these laws, The canference paid tribute to the Border region of the Black Sash for 'exposing the conditioes in a trenslt ramp at Sade, -ear Qeentowss'. Tis cam holds, amog others, thoae who have been 'endorsed oat of Cape Town and have no homes'. The conference decided to find oat how maeny such camps existed, their location, populion. and the eonditios nthe camps. Indians confined FOUR INDIAN scholbaoys are reported as being held under the 180-day law in solitary confinement in Pretoro, according to private informadin reaching Laon recently.Onels Saeran Plly, aged 16. THE PRESIDENTIAL Committee of the International Defence and Aid Fund has agreed to appoint Dennis Brutus as its represetative SOF A foracampaignRebanIslandPrison. 1AHNNThe campi hI be based ipon r demands:-that the South African prison officials should observe their own prison regulations: that there be an invest into prison conditions of political prisomers, T oad finallythat all political prisoners be f THE TRIAL of J thanes Andriss Therco released. former head warder of the Ctodereilaprisn., Mr Brutus has already asked theChairman Boksburg, andedintheJohannesaorgtegioAi of the Specti Committee on Apartheid at the Court in the last week of October after a United Nations if hecan appear beforethe hearinglasting144 des. appropriate UN holy to describe bi own Theron was charged with 12 o eem under experiences in South African jals including the Commissioner of Oaths Act aSndthe Rebban island and the treaiment ofpolitical Prisons Act-including twoofpublishilngtslse prisoners generally. No date has yet heen information about prisoms in anewspeporand fixed firthis meeting;but it Is hepedto'sbuild two of Inciting people to do so. He pleaded thecampaignaroundhisappearanceatthe UN. not guilty and Waa lowed P250 hal. Sr Brutss 1Wme of the few prisoners who An sffidavi byThrln g electric has served his sentence to come abroad sod tortre of prisoners in the Cinderella jail he in likely to be the last for a long time, as was one ofthehlhUgbtsoftheprss exposure. it is on longer the policy of the Government of prison conditions latyear.incnlrtTheron of South Africa to send short-termprinoners was faced with a battery of warders, prismn- to Robben Island. era and ex-prisoners alleging thaiosdtions He states that conditions are intolerable, at Cinderella prison were satisfactory, that the priso regulations are not observed Mr John F. Coaker, brsargument for the and that there is a great deal of brrtalily defence, said he would msake the submission, practised against the political prisonersboth that State witnesses were demonstrably by the warders and criminals serving their untruthful mad that a proper analysis of the sentences there, it states that thetreatment evidence Would reveal beyo d reasoable of political prso"ers Is in absolute contradoubt that there had been a systematic diction of the stated aim of the South African eampaign toscommit Perjury. MrCoaer also Government as laid down in the prison regaattacked the ' astonishing' contduet of the Lotions, emely, under Classes 23a of the ease and the behaviour In eCort of the State Prison Regulations whichreferspecificallyprose r OrPrcyYutsr. totraining end treatmest.The regulation Judgemessi wa rates; 'Objects of training: "As far asthedurationofsentencepermit, trinn, and the treatmsestinctdental therein. is intended to encourage and develop n soe of self-respect, indutryeandresponsibilityis the prisoner, andthwtlltoleadarepectable and industrious life when released." WORLD CAMPAIGN FOR THE RELEASE OF SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICAL PRISONERS The World Campaign for the Release of South African Political Prisoners will Wnoperate In this camalgaswellas continuing with its demand that political prisoners in South Africa should be placed In ifferent category from criminal prisoners with improved conditions ad more privileges. Four jailed FOUR MEN jalledinSepterber li4forthree years for being members of the banned African Natimal Congress were reeatoy sentenced inHumunsdrptofurtherJailterms for the same cffece. Measan Archibald Seflie, Skamubauo Mleve andechItombisa of Port Elioabeth each received a farther fonr-and-a-hf years sentence and Joseph ltponoshe, also of Port Elisabeth, was sentenced to three years imprisonment. The men were brought from Rebhen Island jail where they are serving their current -setences for the trial Arenstein sentenced ROWLEY ARENSTEIN, a Dtorban Iwyer, was last month jailed forfouryearsferfurthering the objects of commant. Onthe same count, David Ernst, a Durban student was jailed for two-and-a-half years, andJoeph Finelssti, a Johannesburg student and aparaplegtc confined to a whechair was jailesor 18 months (15 months suspended. All three were found not guilty of being members of the South African Communist Party ner of tab part in its activities. Refused to testify ALBERT DLOMO, called by the State to testify against Arenstein and his co-accused refnsed to do so despite an appeal from Arensteis to go ahead. Dlomo has been held for one full t80-day term, under South New jail campaign starts
ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS N-vanbar 19", Page 4 RHODESIA TWO ASPECTS The fight continues WE WERE nalveperhaps, but for so long many of us refused to believe that Her Majesty's, Government would attempt to betray us. We. never believed tbat a Labeow Party Govern. meat would go back wits promises, overlok itsprinciples, disregardits statedpastpollecy. Of course we were warned that this Might happen. But although we listenedtothepesl. mists politely, and with increasing attenton aa the first weeks and months alin eat. many at as satiellevedttathogbitght tabs loger thra we had origially expected, Her Majesty's Government would not permit Smith to succeed. Fr see thing, it wan difticutttoforgerwht had bees said In the Hose a Commans imsedatoy after the illegal, unilateral of imiepeedence on behalf of Rhodesia. The P me Minister had emphatically condemned the action of Mr Smith ad his colleagues, had pledged that therebellin would be broken and that there could be no further dealings with the Smith regime. Perhaps hnowigthattlusands of Rhadesians would be listening to reports of his speech over the BBC he askedRhdeslnsandpeople tI Britain to refrain from any act that wold assist the regime. He went on to say that he hoped Rhodesians would not feel deserted at this dark haur and perhaps at some stage he remembered the promise he had made just before he became Prime Milstor-that a Labour Party Government would never grant independence to Rhodesia while it remained under the control of a minority governmect. Anonymous Those who were asked net to despairn notto feel deserted, looked to Britainfor help. flay were aenynoes people. The British Pres did ant hsew their sames. The news-reels could n t carry the pictures of menwhowere restricted, detained or imprisoned becase they were a threat to the success f the Smith regime. Nor weretherepictresofthewomen b e interrogated under the Emergency g tis with which Rhodesia has been 'overned since UDI; r ofthe chlidrenwhoae by Judy Todd ju sanctioms, one o Witanrs heaviest reinests ascions woen Rhodesia seized independence oneyearago, have failed to trouble the rebel regime significantly. Help from South A4rica and Mozambique has kept cars on the roads, machines lurning. Above, an articulated lorry fitted with petrelotkv rolls info Balswxpo from South Africa. Below, some of the brand-new petrol storage tanks built in Bulawayo to cope with the flow. ,.c..r-aecus emaca1w0eaoemes ...... cerOSUl.Inetecl,mheti bytheregime. Rodesawhohadaskedthe Smitl At no time did the British Government Police Force to *maintain law i attempt to afford any aid or protecticn to was decorated for his bravery. those thousands ofAfricanswhohavesuffered Beadle. Rhodesan Chief Justice, SThe 'all options open' THE GOVERNMENT have developed an awetspirsg technique for dealng with the Rhodesia problem. The polite seie for lt is leaving all one's Options open'. it operates with a kind of ulhiged. goonlike sat- egic. You begin by making commitmentn, by making your stand clear. You cay, .for examples 'The Rhodesian regime Is illegal and we can sev" negotiate with It. Sanctions will bring downtheregimeina very short time e. These words, oece uttered, alain the status of absolute trate. Althoagh they have no Influence at all on what happens later, theydo influence the term in which it Is described. Thas the clearfailereafthe sanctions policy is described by Governmentspahesmeoithe words: Sanctions are biting'-a phrase which, incredibly, is stillcrrebtayear after the sandlsen were first imposed. Then, becase you're leaving all your options open (all, that is. except the crucial one to use force), and becase there seems nthing else to do, you startnegotations with the Illegal regime. These, of course, are not negotiations, because you are already committed net to undertake those, So you call them something else. You call teem, first of all, discussions between officals toseefthere is any cmamon ground en which discussions at ahigher level could be based. The officials find there Is no conmmn grouad. Then youhave a Commonwealth Prime Mlnisters' Conference, at which you bludgeon the Commonwealth members into underwriting a new approach to the illegal regime. The commanique warns of dire consequences (like even mere sanctions) if Mr Smith, the rebel leader, declines to take the 'initial and indispensable steps' towards, ending the rebellion. After the conference you seed out Mr BoRwden, the Commonwealth Secretary, with all his ptios open, tocommunicate the contents of the communique to Mr Smith, and to see whether he Is prepared to take those initial and indispensable steps. Finding he is not so prepared, Mr Bowden awitches the subject and gets down to some bargaining with MrSmii about alnssiblenew constitution. British spokesmen ennnce with some pride that he has been able to cutthrsgh the profitless argument about procedure, adget doen to some hard ng... (sorry) somheard disaussion aver constitutional details. So a..se initial steps tarn out to be not s Indispensable after all. Mr Smith, too. in his long dealings withthe British Government, has learned something a the same technique. He says, for example, technique bya Special Correspondent that he accepts Mr Wilse's six principles- no chance that there will be greemeabebtthatbe doesn't interpret them inqutethe twese Britain tnd teiegalregimeSdthesameway as their ashr. Government will then have to put into operaUnimpeded progresstowards majority rule, tion the threat containedinthe Commnwealth for instance, does not, in Mr Smith's view, Prime Ministers' Conference cseniqn. rule out the kind of braking mechanism that Bat even in this threat there in an inonhe wants to keep for the white Rhodesians in sisency teat I am- srprised escapedthehisnewconstitutien, noticeOfthe Cmmonwealth Premirs. Those Mr Mtacdllng, the Conservative Common- of us who have asked have always been told wealth spokesman, appears to have bees that the porpose of sanctions Is to create in acting almost as a mum piece for Mr Smith the Rhodesians the political Will to reach a in many respects since he visited Rhodesia settlement by nego than.inSeptember. Sanctions.then,aretobeintensifiedand And he explained away thebrakingmechan made mandatry. Bat at the same time, the ism by pointing out that if you apply a brake Government will declare that there will be to a car it isn't always for the purpose of no independepce bedore majority rule-a .stoopingit. threatthatwillnegateaypossible tendency This is a cuperb new refinement of the to negotiate on the part of the white Rhodeanti-logic techniqe. You have a proposal ians. which s ueacceptable, andyosinveata short- When a reporter put this to Mr Wilson at hand metaphor for it. Then you extend the the Press conference that followed the Coremetaphar to prove that your proposal Isn't wealth coference, te Prime Minister really unacceptable at all. The sucessofthe said, in a clear tone of riticisnm, thut this technique is based ontheftactthat mostpeople was ' a very logical and pedantic approach'. will accept almost anything unquestiontngly Logic and pedantry are qualities quite en long as it sounds plausible andis repeated alien to Britain's policy aver Rhodesia-co often enough. they meat be alien to ay policy basd on the By discassing the whole question in term cntradlepon of claiming sovereignty over a of atomobile engineering we would probably territory while taking no steps to enforce it. achieve an agreement very quickly. Most of the remaining six principles are so vaguely stated that they can be accepted by Mr Smith qitunblu nT er. ppearstohave been agreement an the qestin of tsting Aican opinion n a new constitution. Both sides accept thai this should be done by a commission 'on the lines of the Cobbold CommissioninMalaysia'. MAHONFROMHYDEPA It Is interesting that theCobbold Comeis. sionshouldbetheonechosenasamodel, MEETINTRAFALGARSI since it Is one of the few examples in recent cotonial history of acomnislonthatactaly ON SATURDAY ROVEMBI came to the conclusions required by the government thatappointed It. Ta many people's sorprise, it decided that thepeopleofNorthBurneandSrawakwre, One yearsin in spite of some evidence to the contrary, ye favour of joining the, Malaysia FederatioM, Whynot chooseexaMpltsnearer hoe,like Speakers:Lord Brockway, the evlinortheMancon Commisstes?No ZambianHigh Commission prises for the answer. Ultimetely, though, the problem has to be dealt with nt by wrd-apinninghutbysolid, ORGASISED BY MOVENEN practical decision. As I write, there seem [ h In ids owe country for presiding over notorinse secret tribecals where political prisoners were tried and sentenced tI their absecee,wasbailedacorageousman,oneofthe mt h e rackswhichthe Britih G .overumeat vainty believed .were closing against Smith. Effective bn tie the Rhodesian coors foued tht the Smdit regime thoghs illegal, wa aneffedilve gavenment. They fosmdl.they coald set rue to favour of those who weredetainedandoran illegal constitation impased on the ountry after a rebellions act, to sentencing men to death for brandishing weapons gainst the regime Mr Wilson had Ori asked them sot to astat, a Rhodesian Judge of the High Cout found that althoughihe nsndtorydeth clause of the Law and Order (Mano ) Act was passed whes a UDlwasnetan issue, he still had no alternative but to observe it when dealing with those who opposed the regime. . And of coarse Her Majesty's Government, deying It eithe while, were soegagedin negotiatiss with the regime. At the time of writing they have presented an ofler to the. regime - an offer first termed as fbml and then when it became apparent that Itmightbe rejected, termed as not quite fnal-is which .the regime is ssnred of contiseed power and where there is an clear patternlaiddown for eventual, let alone forseeabl, majorty rule, H MG have agreed that MrSmite mighthead a legal, bread-based government. They are further reported as giving serious attention to a suggestion of Sir Hagh Beadle that, in Order not to embarrass Mr Smith, Her .Majesty's Government should not ask him to renounce his UDL Instead, Sir Humphrey Gibbs, without referring to the past should approach Smith and request him to form a new government. To cut a long story short, the British Government, under the leader. ship of Mr Harold Wilson. have desperately tried to wash their hands of the Rhodeslan nragedy, and in washing their hands they, with the example of South Africabefore them, are wilfully placing Rhodesia in a Sitt atio where only the se of violence can rid the country of the Smith regime and white ednory rule, Monoovres. ' The people of Rhodesia, having watchedthe' long series of manoeuvres betweeHllMGand the Smith regime, have deided that the sn"y way left to achieve freedom for their country Is through force ofarm. All peaceful avenes of action are losed to them. Therefore practically every day thers are reports in the Rhodesian Press of froedom-fighters being sentenced to death or long terms of Imprisonment for using or pneossang firearm and explosves. baypeoplebthb ck and eddte have hen lled since U DI, same secretly i the night or in the prison cells, others in apen conflie. And these lives have been lost and further lives will be lost because Britain has chosen nettoactdeclively on the behalf of the majorityof Her MajesI's subjects within Rhodesia. And so the straggle will contie. In the words ofoneofthe mostarlenal fistarsin freedom, Albert Cam. 'For that still animaginable but at sts distot future we must orgarlse and stand together. The absord aad heartbreaking aspect of the tragedy we are living through comes out in the fact that, in order someday to reach those world-wide .perspeetive, we meet now. gather together t paltry fashion to beg merely.., that on a single spot of the glohe a handful of inocnt victims be spared. BUd since that Is ortonk, however obscure ond ungratoful it may be, we mast tackle it decisively in order lo deserve living some dyas free meneit other words, as men who refuse either to practice or to suffer terror'. d Vietnam HK AT 2.15 pm QUARE 3 Ise ER 12 ce UDI Nelson Samkange (ZAPU), Judy Todd, er, Andrew Foulds T FOR COLONIAL FREEDOM
FREEDOM? TWO uF Britain's three High Commission protectorate territories in Southern Africa last month attained independence. The third, Swaziland was the sublect ofonslitutional discussions which will lead shortly to internal, self-government and eventual independence. All three territories are adjacent to South Africa; Lesotho is engulfed. The authenticity of their independence necessarily depends on how free they can remain of their monster neighbour - politically and economically. Here Jack Halpem, South African writer, and editor of the Penguin book "South Africa's Hostages", a mine of information on the territories, outlines ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS Neober 1966, Page 5, he extremely weak economic position of all three vis b vis. South Africa, and suggets possible steps in foreign policy which the independent governments, (particularly that of Botswana) could take in order to loosen the neigibourly stranglehold. Our picture shows two Basuto men, clad in traditional coloured blankets and broad hats, passing a centre near Maseru for the recruitment of workers for South .Africa's gold mines. Much of Lesoto's income is raised from the labour of its nationals in South Africa, who live there strictly as working ciphers, in compunds erected by the mining companies, ... itdoesn't seem likely EWHEN THE new states of Botswaa Obfr metry Bechuanaland) and Lesotho (formerly Bunonland) celebrated their independence, Princess Marina, representing the Queen at is formal ending of S iHer Majesty's Govermemt's responaib. littes was a rach reported-on geast. So was Mr John Stoiehouse, formerly thought of as a radical a Africa and now Her Majesty's Under-Secretury of State for Comnmamnwealth Relaifons. Butthe moet lmportait by far 01 the guests at both independence ceIebrations was Dr Hligard Muller, Fbreign Mintir of the Republic of South Africa. Hostility In view of the ecconieansed gegraphical lnterdependen ee t the newly "fodepen. dent' countrtes with South Africa, Dr, Mailer might have been thught tobe merely holding a -watching brif Bit he carried, in his diplomatic bag, a weapon as deadly as any sed by James Bond-the wean of economic bosllity, to which eighty years of British neglect have left Botswana, and even more Lesotho, ecoramically almost defenceless. For the momet, Dr Mulle's wenpon is equipped with the silencer of professed friendship. But sacceesive South African Prime Ministers, and especialy Dr Verweerd, made it clear thathelilencercouldesily be removed-nd hat whetherthatshippes or net depends an the forelgn policywhich Botswana and Lesabe will nw pursue. Primarily. of conse, this cenires an thenefpltcteig eopoet am, £500 tie or three yers fnenlaon. most. I would be a mistake to thidk that thi Brtish proclamatin was Intended only to prevent astin ngainst South Africa, for whilst Basuland. being an enclave, had no other 'neighbouring state', than the Republic, Swaziland also borders oan Mai. cumbique and Bechueanland on Rhodesia, and South West Africa and is separated from Angola only by.the Caprivi strip. Indeed, Swaziland has today at least as many refugees from Dr Salazar's rule as from Mr Vorsinr's. H to certain, mereover, that Vorsnter' policy an reftaees will, If anything, hebeven tougher us was Verwerd's, for it was Me Vorster who has been the responsible Minister during the years when Suth African policemen and free-wheeling agents have ldnapped ant-apartheid refugees from the Brtish procted territories. Negled The question then Is how Independent a policy couldLesote andlBotnwamnaolow an political retage, In particular, and in foreign affairs generally. Despite the recent publicity given to Britain's pent neglect of these territories (£25 milion for Bechuanaland from 1896 to 1966, and £12 million tor Haensoland from 1814 to l9d6), the have now been fobbed 0f with a tin rather than 'a golden handshake. Botswana, in the first realistic develop"ment plan the euietry hes ever .had asked for £45 million in aid oer the next five years; Britain has felt enable, despite the virtual disappearance of other colonisl ommnitmenta, to grant more than 213millin over three years. As forLeustho, it has had to battle hard toget£II militan for the dext three years. These sums represent little more than pee-Independence aid levels -and ore of Britain's last Imporant admiisttrative acts in the territories has been to adminitratively redistriulote, underSouthAfricanpressure, the share which each receives of the one' per cent ofSoathAfrtca'scustoms revenue which is their reward tor being In a Increase that of Swaziland (which Is both the most prosperous and the only monf the three remaining as a direct British responsibility). For all that, this revised arrangement has still to be ratified by the South African government. This will be thetrst crisis in foreign relations for Leotho and Botswana. and a crucial test ofSnth Africa's 'end nelghibnr" policy. It would be foolish mte recognisethat, in present circumetances, the room for maneouvre open to any governmentin Lesotho or Botswana Is limited. But It should equally be recognised that, with both having joined the Undted Natien and the Conmenwealth, as well as proposing to join the OAU, that their geogrephical position could, despite their economic weakness, be trned into a sourceon strength. The South African government really Is intensely anxious to have Lesothe and Botswana as 'goad nelghoures', for the simple. reason that they could, within limits, choose to be bad ones instead. Certainly this applies in Botnwana's case. it offers the only way out of-and back into-South Africa, and its vast borders are virtually 6policeble. It also carries the Republic's only rail link with Rhodesia, and It Is signiflcant that South Africa, which formerly operated part 01 this route shauld recently have left its whole operation to Rhodesia Hallways. The Rhodesians are presently discussing an alternative lick-up with South African Railways bylayingnewrails to let Bridge, but this would be inconvenient for South Africa and could spoil decline for Bulawayo. So it looks like remaining a talling, or threatening, point, and although Mr Ian Smith has indicated that he regrdes the continsed operation in Botswana of the British radio station beamed at Rhodesia, he is unlthely to cut offhis railway nose topitehis rebelface. Consortium its dependence on South Africa. The irnny of their sititi-aed its challenge-is that their chances of receiving this aid would almost certainly Increase in direct proportion to their opposition to apartheid.SmbAfricaiwould certalily ant risk the international, intervention Which physical aggression would provohe. But If the representatives of Lesotho and Botswana abroad, and at the UN, made It known that South Africa was, quite legally, waging econmic warfare against them to make them toe the epartheid line, then there would be a real Impetus to prhvidethemwththerelatively small sumo they need. Connections To this end, beth governments couldand 'should strengthen their connections especially with the UN, establishing an official UN presence withintheirborders. The services of the UN High Comnisstoner for Refugees could be enlisted in handling the tricky refugee problem. And in both connections an International approach could be made to revise international civil aviation statutes to break South Africa's present control of Lesoiho. These are some of the possibilities open to the governments of Lesotho and Botswana, given strong and cool serves, and the desire to play as effective a pact as their inescapable limitations allow In the struggle against apartheid. With Chief Leaba Jonathan, who dislikes apartheid but believes In maximum accommedattion, in charge, however, Lesotho will ant even attempt to deal herself Into this deadly-seriues but quite plausible game. Chief Jnatban's governmenthas already discountedthe allegations that a PAC leader has been recently kidnapped by the country by Saut African police, and a treaty with South Africa providing for extradition andrepatrition, is reportedly in dreat ftrm. (And Anton Rupert, the South African tobacco king, has agreed to become the Lesotho govermont's * ecnomic adviser'.)
ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS Novemnbe 1966. Page 6 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS Eb iti Official AAM policy is expressed In 1 sttements i&sued in the nae,, of the 3 AAH National Committee or its Execuie Unsigned articles In "'Anti- P Apartheid News" re the respona.- 0s F bilityoftheEditorealBoard. byTonyL : AN EXHIBITION of paintings which will raise Money for Ani-Apartheid opens InLndoeno November 14. They are by an American who has cer Seen Africa. and they are about America. Butthey couldjstas easilyconcernSELL ithAfrica. A 'DThey are a series painted by the America NTI-A PrAo Weeer a few months after Presldent John Kennedy's assassination. They win be bo Show at UIsC Caweo Gallery, Colville NEW Place, London, WI between November 14 and An annual subscription costs 10/-. 1 - drewFaelei',meoovemers'sc . tlk ords of six or more copree Imoowi h oo Bieckss the Ir Otheredocedtrateof4,4per * copy, aele or retm.r ares, who Is opening theshowonNoveneher c~pysaloretur. 1 4that12noon. Iewihe ceo asubscriber Everyde- of-the exhibition Weaer will be tawih' eoeaSbcie atthegallerybetwas12and2pmtotalkshbot na cpie ,ever hipicturesandwhyhepaintedthem.Hewill sed we...... opes ecery. mnth - o lso sige dresing. which he Is selling. 1 Th edrwng wil probalyebst 1l each.l Altthemoceyrtsedwfllg oti-Apttheid and admission Is free. So thenextquestionis: whyshould an e n Reel to owaset ogpictares JOIN botAecoto hlpo A=prhi Weener talked about this to Anti-Apaetheid ANTI-APARTHEID I sas this aruHe is aiety ske Nd IYorke h stared his mae"r as awrite-an who didn't pait at all until he was 35. He Is We are in the middle of a big n Iow 53 and has exhibited in galleries and citing drive to double Anti-Apar- i musems in L erdam, Brusels, theid iembershp. If everyreader Perls ad all over America. beooeoA me.. e, we shal cced I painted these itses four months after. iKe~~utedyw eeksd.o d. - I was in Nmv Iwi.htobe.o. aw-vbar I.o.t 0/- p ear)Iantudylsaand wish to become" a student member pe..rew 'Boxersget Ve wIh to join as an organiseion 1 (en.IparYar).g1elon Ith e b ird SOUTH AFRICA'S aparthodoamatero boxing I tea s laot moath met firm reseisanceinSoth Name ...... Wes end Dublin, When the 25-strong white loam tuned oct Addre.....a...... e.a...... in Dble for the]r Onteri ln e match *against Ireland, local Anti-Aparthed Movee spporter named Ont in airength to ...... pleet the hell where the match was hold. O ...... More ta 250 eupporters staged ademon...... tration cndemeng the who bar team. e Andwhile ublilnersregisteredtheir Cheqri and PW od and e S al -Apar ld Movepayable to And-Apartheid Movemen tI n chaloman, Dave Shipper, was awaitb i ltheresultofseverallettershehdsentto I ecte ntotal ...... !varoaus'hndies eohngthemtoBppeethevieit, wRespnsewas md adfirm.South llllllllllllm' Wales miners made it clear that they had no Intention afgiviog any backing to the honere' visit and the Rhoeda Borough Coawfl took the same land. - Orgicely it had been plnned to thke the boxers on a tour ofa c nolineryadthe tldk Amoteer Boeing Club were propoasingthatthe boroughe genmcil stage a civic recepio for SEVERAL PEOPLE i whom 1 regularly the teem. deliver yoer nwoaper have hew rather The civic recepitmproposalwastheflirstt critical about the cartoon oan the front page come rashingdawn. At a council meenig, of your October issue: and I am Inclined to Rhondd reiterated their oppition to aragree with them. WithalldareepeettoPeter theid in any form by refuslng to consider a Clarke, we feel that this particular'effort o civic reception for a teanschosenfromoiyhisissomewhatcrue ti18percentoftheSoothAfricanpapolatio. Bt is true ihet the late Dr Verwoerd will The trade aniens then joined in the fight. evoke bitter memorise for amy years to South Wales meeros, by espressing their coma, but theideofpursltbeyodthegrave, firm oppoition, effectively stopped thepinnas conveyed in the cartoon, tmostbrepolleet nod viitbythebexersto the.Tymawr colliery. to many people. As we me It, there is a touch Coal Board officials annoaend that in viw of savage hmoer here which goes beyomlthe of the miners' stand they W decdd to cancel bounds of good taste. There are far etore the inviteion; O the day the boxers wore to effective ways of drawing altention to the have visited the colliery, the minerswouidhe evils of apartheid than this. I worling and the Pal Board felt that this H.J. Isard might case embarrassmett. Metbor of Banitad Anl-Apartheid Corn- South Wales mners' leader, Dai Francis. milleo, annomeingtheoppositionhythelocalminers, 114 Winkworth Road, Banstead, Surrey. soid that several local man had been tosooth Africa and had seen what the bilding of a * Peter Clarke says: "Veroerd was in fascist state entailed. They would definitel o tasteless situation. I don't believe in not condoneanyreceptieof, ortotrhYboars good taste and am not bound bysomeone from the nloer bar state. lse'sideaofwhatitmeans" Thismassiverejectionoftheal-whit team was farther releorcod wha Councllr Les Thomas of the Rhnddaenouanedthathe would lead an anl.aprthed picket outsideSMITH OUT eCambrinClub,Tonypanily,wheretho SMT U mach was held. With suc a vast rejection of colour her sport in South Wates, plans are already afoot to agitte to have all apartheidsportvisitsRAIL tothearebartedins TRAFALGAR SQUARE SUNDAY NOV. 13th 3 p.m. Speales: JUDY TODD JOHN STEEL P,.tdot ot the Wo,1d R'ediet~o v. 00 ct NICHOLAS CHITSIGA EUrc em RrrestaUlre of WAU LORD REAY Organled by the Youth Seetion of the Libel Party Swedish Embargo ABOUT 100 recruits training in the Swedish army last month attended a lecture on Sooth Africa, explaining how aparthoid works and what it means to the majortyofpeoplethere., * At the preset ime ito South African fruit is being sold in the wholeofsouthernSwedem. Ships bound for Gothenburg and carrying South African cargo ae beiag diverted to other ports, as the agents selling South African freit are unable to saellthir imports. On November l1th the will be a teach-in on Rhodesia in Jokoping and It is hoped that an African from the Rhedesin lberalory moement will alno he prmit to tke peL. on Dr AAM awrence york whon tt happjed med paeted them as' eos an I gt bac to Lecdec. f they have an underlying theme It is violence. I became aware of the strograal conflicts in America when I was thereontha visit. There was a feeling of tension and the Kennedy aasaasitaion wan thecaimleatinnof It ln. This of" curse is a porely American tragedy, bit Its causes and effects have teach in commot with the aituation in SmouthAfrica. There you have a violent society where racialism has ran completely wild. 'It has produced the same maifestations of vhdence in South Africa as in America: lyncing., "0oor colostred and leh.bwites, extreist right wing groups like the John Birch society.' There are 26 pictures in the show and abont 500 drawigs. They have tutn like ite-, man' (from the name of a group within |te John Birch society ... he could beanOssewa Brecdwagman), B .ockAE.Be Bft P.The Tree Top (a chillng ch he) Ti pinting, "Swallowing the Lat and C To Jack With Loe-Dallas Indian",isanexampleofMartinWeen-'s will he offended esem to roptenehy thle work, and will be amongst those exhibited pictures. . at the Curlwen Gallery during November. 'I worry that I am preaching tothe coovertod. I hope all the ati-apartheid people will come and have a loek at -ty vimwof YOU have anyfriends who caa't aethe . Bet I aen yet iae wil irinds argouest$ th Sooth Africa Is n heaven on there who haven't yet mead wP isrr earth, Invite them to the show. abyt thO object. Andtoe wohd&Buge. Weeper isn't a preacher, buthemight make Probably Dr d Wet woO't be there. Bet n~Sme converts with this show. ABDUCTION ENQUIRY *THE CASE of John Pokle], a Sooth African Masere bycar, croaned the Caledon River r formerly s ede t in Lesotho (Beu- border on foot, and was attempting to colt to nsd), nr detained,-as far a 'tn be food and clothing from an Africa honuserear aoeertined-by the South African plice In the border control post at Betha Budhe when South Africa. last month led the At-Apar- he wan arrooed . theid Movement, tngether with Asmsesty The Commonwealth Offic1said that affidaInternational, to urge British Government vits left with them by Lsdorepresentatives enqeiries lntotheeircmstanesofhlsarrmst. t the PA C caused themtotkeupthe matter Rteports fromn the erganinatin, of=wic again with the BritinhovernenietReitcoamc Pot n acin secretary, the Pah r- tative In Masre, who had himself seen the canist Congrene of Suth Africa, in Basto- affidavits locally, and whoftracedtheirauthor land, claimed that be had been bdectedfrom Mr Joshua Ramadt, who then dmite ina within the then ProtectoratebySoethAfricanswarnealtemoetthathisstorywecosnrltelypolice, false. The Ldan represeetatdvesoftheP AC are The Anti-Apartheid Movemen. ina letter contiming to fight for further enquirles Into from the Commanweafth Offlee, hasaowbn the matter. They sey they have galed from told that enquiries instgated by the authotr,. the Commonwealth Offlge's letter -the Inties in Baseolo. shortly after Ptkela's presson that ... the British athorities in disappearance satisfied them that he was in Basuined have relied on information given fat arrested en the Sooth African-side f the by Basetond aethritieswhoarethemaelves Aorder. lo an Interested party'. They organsed a Accordig to Comowoaith Qffle infer- demonstration for Polkela Outside the Soth motion, Pelele had travelled mirth from African Embassy in London on October 22. 180 DAYS IN SWA NOW -THE 1966 Sooth AfrlcantbeeralLawAmend- public sotereot to disclose thi; lafortiatlee. meet Av penned loot mnth contained p This can be taken as a reference to theme. clase extending the Suppression of Com. who were detained in South AfrlcafromSouth manim Act to the mandate territory of West Africa and an be saleasanindicationSouthWestAfrica. oftheembarreasmenttheGovernmentfeels However, even before t ""reguarising at its disregard of the laws of the mlnated of the exteonsion of this Act by the South territory. African Parwllamnt, the 10-day detention bthw" was med against guorili infiltrators Meanwhile, the Portngsese oenal in South who had crosseOd the border into Smith West West Africa last moath reported that PortAft-ca from Angola Thes menweredeined guese soldiers had eaptared 30 1terroritsI in South West Africa and immediately flown who had fled Into Angola from South West to farther detentiom in South AfriCa, Africa. A Special contingent of Portuguese When Mr Pelser, the hinister f Justice, soldiers has reportedly been moved to the was asked by Mrs Hieln sman inthenBuse southern border of Angola following Of Asgembly whether my persons had been annoncments by the South African serity detained in termo of the 180-day clausedmee poice of the capture of terrorists. in ,August 1, he said he did antconsidrit inthe Ovamboland. CHRISTMAS CARD aa This is one of six kinds of Chriatmas card obtainable fim the Anti-Apartheid Movement's offices at Is. each. 6d. of this will go into the Movement's fund$. Requests for cards should be accompanied by a stamped, addressed envelope not smaller than 8 by 6 inches.
ANTI-APARTHEID NEW "W not that I'm against democracy - it's just that I've never had much to do with it.. BOOKREVIEWPROF. JOHN REX Colonialism not race? THE RACE WAR by Ronald Segal: Jonathan Cape-45s. 'I HAD A vision-and I saw white spirits and black spirits engaged in battles and the sun las darkened-the thunder rolled In the heavens and blood flowed in streams-nd I hneard a voice saying 'Such is yor luck. such you are called to see, and tnt It come rough or smooth. yen must surely bear it'.' Thu, NatTrner. leaderofaslaverechellon in Virginia in 1831. There mst be few who have taken part in the struggle for racial equality or colonial liberation whohaventat some time nhared bin vision, which sees to fit the facts ofmcaiempoary history fermore than say of the theories aend ideolgies In terms of which Europeans interpret politics. It is sorely worthwhile, therefore, to try to spell it out Is'deiil historically and theoretically. This Is what Ronald Segal has attemped to d. The story which he has i tellis the story of the brutal plunder of technologicaily less advanced countries bytheindustrial countries of Europe and America since about 1600 andi of the colonialrevolstionwhichgathers weight, daily in our own times. The story of plunder is the story of Africa robbed of her popnia. BOOKREVIEW The Press in Africa: Commodic and pret; :eaaynde Ainslie, Gollnca, $S ONE SELFISH advantage which I reaped from apartheid is South the flow of Sooth African liberals lutionaries into British exile, Is coherent and radical literature a and Its problems, It has bemn mandatory for Souh African poit is write bucosa either abet apt about African problems generall British people are the main benefl Rosolynde Ainslie has ant out crucial gap in this pattern of wIth a detailed accoust of African cations. The bod Will I imagine a useful work of reference for e and it is enrithed by an appendIx the ewsppers, agencies, radio vi atins in the different Reading the book through is busness. The large number of e men ioned-many ofthem withhes tion to foad the saepluntions.f-the New World with labour n& of the partitioning of her lands and her riches in the later phases of Imperialism It is the story of the sacin of the Central American cities by Cortes and Piarro and the ruthless explitation of the IIndian* peasant. who survived. It Is the story of the imposition of Western commercial dominance on China as her imperl dynasties collapsed. It is the story of the colour bar in settler Africa, in the United States and more recently in-Britain itself. And everywhere it is a bloody story in which literally mitloss died and in which whole civilisations were destroyed. The colonial revolution which this :egedered was atfirstafghtagassteconl rule. put often thesuccessor governments were incapable of meeting the demand of the hungry peasans and workers and therevolutin went angrily on after lsdependenceas the new ralers sought to open their coutsries to neo-Colonlal exploitltion. A new nte was struck, however, with Castro's revolution in Cuba, with the triumph of theF LN inAlgeria" and above all with the hard-won victory of Mao-Tse-Tung in China. Against the combined forces of industrially advanced countries of Europe and America, the poor and the h y and the coltredpeopies of the. world ted heart as 5oneamngtheinumbor acquired poww *and fcie yet a whie stndard for all its citizes, at least the capacity for independent ecsotndc advance. The colonial revolution entered anewphase rider Chinese leadership. In this phase of the struggle the Soviet Union, homeland of European Communism, played anequivocat role. Concernedtoprutect the gains of her own revolution, she was more concerned to reach a modus- vivendi with the capitalist world than to risk all inidentiflog herself with the stil-hagry natos. And it was against Soviet advice rather than with Soviet aid that Mao carried throogh his peasant revohtloth. Little wonder then that a rift opened up between China and Russia and little wonder that in the exaggeretions of political polemic which ensued, the Chinese should have placed the Russian with their European and American enemies. How then is this colonisal revolution to be interpreted. It is not in any sIopl.e some the Marxist class-straggle prOlecid onto an international stage. The role played by the Europem Communists and the European working-class movement Is one reason wy this cannot be argued. And the fact th l the -Chinese movemet were ant race-was to avoid freedom ltion ar -Of co wsed was when so of coloa would se colonial; 't Is a anew hi have rogtheses w which wi of which the heart logical ti crumblito Rac War the symp are firm that it a ,New Ma African reference work h ineames-constantly coofuses.And-sM Three aspects of African communticatis a rather ations pasut Ainslie hasn't helped mtters machbyflitllng com and Miss Anslie's main attention. Ex- correct I around between countries in her first few patriate control; government control and more cl chapters, jumping aepparntly without real censorship. Almost all the profitableAfrican to Pass s cause from West Africa to Southern Africa, papers financed by advertisingreveuearein .lg Iher Britain has and then back again to West Africa. the hands of foreign companies, as are the Commi Africa and yetthemess ofdsornmationneverobscures profitable news agencies and television Govern, sand revs- her basic themes. The enire diseeslon of staions.Gvrc a detailed, commodcatos, first of all, is quitedifferent Needless to say, Ur Cecil King's Inter, all the mt Africa from anythingsiasi]riEorepeorAmerica national Puishing Corporation owns and degree o on almost The Illiteracy rate and thecarve-upofAfrica controls more than ay other mpatriateman requiri tlni e'iles into tiny, often irrelevant nationa entities, cern, part ly in West Africa where the Governu irtheld, or confines newspaper circulation isa t , market is biggest. Strangely, io, Lord literate a y, and the oppressive elite: and television and radio Thomson, whose nameis symbolic of news- after the ciariens. communication, tergelyforfoanclalreamans, paper profit, owns a cmoiderable numberof Miss Al to fill are sill nt widely avilable. Thenewspaper newspapers and television chanmis inAfrica coclusalo iformatioh circulation in Africa is only 1.2 oerhsaed, which eninetty make a tens. Miss Aisle the dePre comunu- compared, for istisaco, with 54 per kindired pgeus that this Is the result more of bad her book i serve as Is Britain. Only i Nigeri-byfarthe largest management thian of philanthropy. thinks ab any years, country in Africa-and South Africa, where Only in South Africa, where the -Press is the very setting ont circulation ofthe bignewspapersis restricted largely English-speaking and still controlled aterals and tin-lo thewhites, isthereanysizeablereadersllp by the main mining corporations ore there Net oni African The DailyTimesin Nigeria(ownedbythe profitablpapersi b =omeuon commenta Mirror Groop) has the highest circulation of Censorship is practised in many African themselve a difficult any dily paper in Africa-i20,000 coples, countries, notably in MrlpSmih's Rhodesia indlspensa ewspapers which Is lower than anyestablished dafly and the countries under t secoaroi Thepsi, anw,.veryj paper in Britain except the Moraing Star. In Soth Africa, baldesorsipin onidered are apl were prepared i aid nationalist di indiscriminately provided they ol-onisl was another. This Is why omen to cal the total process .a Surely It would have been better the implication that the colonial movement itself was racistinorien. ci to have spoken simply of "the revolution '. e, it is true that often the laeunge racislt It could iardAy beotherwise many of those humliated were men r, but there are many surely who the meaning and the hope of the revolution as Facsu did. a question oftheThird World staring story of Man, a history which will ,ard i the sometsies prodigious hich Europe has put forward but it also not forget Europe's crimes. the most horrible was commited in of Man and comsisted of the pathoring apart of his functions and the away of his amity. I Perhaps the will come first, but the ruasnwhy ethics of so many, including Segal, ly on the coloured side, is the hope ay eventually give birth i Faon's PAUL FOOT crude method of ensuring that the' ine is maintained bythe Press. A fused, Christian method is simply as restraihlgpapersfrompblishr0 material. The Suppression of sm Act does that very well Indeed. ment control, and cenorship through nt iontol, is carried out inalmost idependent States of Africa. The Interference varies widely from ng that papers register with the at (as in Egypt) to naive and seatloation (as inGlhanhothbeforeand demise of Nkrumab's regime). mlie finishes with some optimistic rs which ore clearly not based on salmg picture which she paints. But is valuable not somuchfirwhat she at African communications as for detailed and brillintly-researche which she has unearthed. chroniclers and historians, but inns ad poilicians who concern s with Africa will find'her book able, ;e, by the wsy, considering there Sires, is grotesQue.
ANTI-APARTHEID NEWSNv b 1966 ag g. -ohopeforapartheidiiteam Des by Terry Bell WHITE South Africa appears to bec gto an ides that opinion In the sporting woId is thawtog ln thefr avour. btncouraged by remarks made reently by Avery Brundage, American president at, the international Olympic Committee, the E iteofd, sportsmen snc to thih that they are oa the brlob of beleg re-admitted to the world aprtn fratrofty. Mr BruandgesaldataPresconofereotethat the Olympic Committeewoidsondaninvestigatag team to~uthAfriatosttctonditfns there and that the South African Olympit Committee mighl be recognised by the time of the 1968 c1ynflc gamea te MeticoCity. Mr d 's stofmeo that i South Afria 'the situation bon improved edthe eor m~ht new be .ble to meet 01ympic reqorements has been oked uponbyma' whte sportumen as an snorane that their roce negregation policies are now heing amiled ipon nlafluentalsporing creles. This attode was welllluetratdbyonitem * the Johaeesborg Sta -the bigget daly newspaper In South Africa. The Star r ~elurted last j~onth th theSouth Africa. Amateur Swimming Association bad been Invited fo snd a~teao Czecbeslovsbis for nxt year'n Earcpea Olympicsa% Surprised Freedi ZOLLIE IMaltnd. an African ta.tdrlcr, was receltly freud aftr nearly te- yers lte Jar wit no convieton against hl, A fIra Atrican Natonni Congreo offtee.hoider, be was held In J-oe 1963 under the 90.day law, was charged with, andcatquited Kt, b~ a mmber of an unlevfst orgala. tion and released in Jane 1964. lo Detenber 11965 be was held oder the 1SO-.de law, charged in May 1966 andertheB Sre i-o af Commuasm Aet without beleg aiofl ed ball, and was recently. acqftttcd. Plaskhback to me o.f the mnuy demonstration, againust rcially sepregated apo teams fro* South Arica which have helped to- create a climate of opiniow in world sporting bodies against the inclusi