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INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA – INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA – PPG-Ent INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA – INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA – PPG-Ent ESTUDO TAXONÔMICO DAS ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DE Syneches WALKER, 1852 (DIPTERA: HYBOTIDAE: HYBOTINAE) MATHEUS MICKAEL MOTA SOARES Manaus, Amazonas Maio, 2017 MATHEUS MICKAEL MOTA SOARES ESTUDO TAXONÔMICO DAS ESPÉCIES BRASILEIRAS DE Syneches WALKER, 1852 (DIPTERA: HYBOTIDAE: HYBOTINAE) ORIENTADORA: DRA. ROSALY ALE-ROCHA Dissertação apresentada ao Conselho da Divisão do curso de Pós-graduação em Entomologia, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração em Entomologia. Manaus, Amazonas Maio, 2017 BANCA EXAMINADORA Dr. José Albertino Rafael – Titular (Presidente) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Dra. Valéria Araújo Braule Pinto – Titular Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Dr. Alexandre Somavilla – Titular Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Dr. Márcio Luís Leitão Barbosa – Suplente Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia ii S676 Soares, Matheus Mickael Mota Estudo taxonômico das espécies brasileiras de Syneches Walker, 1852 (Diptera: Hybotidae: Hybotinae) / Matheus Mickael Mota Soares. --- Manaus: [s.n.], 2017. 140 f.: il. Dissertação (Mestrado) --- INPA, Manaus, 2017. Orientador: Rosaly Ale-Rocha Área de concentração: Entomologia 1. Mosca. 2. Syneches Walker. 3. Taxonomia. I. Título. CDD 595.773 Sinopse: As espécies brasileiras de Syneches Walker, 1852, foram aqui estudadas com base na morfologia externa e terminálias masculinas e femininas. Foram descritas dez espécies novas, revisadas outras três, fornecida uma chave de identificação e mapas de distribuiç ão geográfica. Palavras -chave: taxonomia; espécies novas; morfologia externa; chave de identificação; distribuição geográfica. iii Dedico aos meus pais, Alexandre e Alcinéia, por todo amor, compreensão e confiança dedicados nestes 26 anos. iv AGRADECIMENTOS A cada cidadão brasileiro, que através dos seus impostos, contribuíram involuntariamente para realização deste trabalho. Ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) e ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Entomologia, por fornecerem condições para a realização do mestrado e aperfeiçoamento profissional. À minha orientadora Dra. Rosaly Ale-Rocha, por aceitar o desafio da minha orientação, por toda confiança, disponibilidade, incentivo e principalmente por compartilhar parte do seu amor a Taxonomia. Ao Dr. José Wellington pelo apoio e compreensão durante a troca de orientação. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela concessão da bolsa de estudos. À Dra. Neusa Hamada e aos Drs. Augusto Henriques e Rafael Freitas-Silva, por participarem da banca de qualificação e por terem contribuído através de sugestões no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. À Dra. Neusa Hamada e ao Dr. José Albertino Rafael pela disponibilização do sistema de fotografia e automontagem. Aos curadores de todas às coleções que realizaram empréstimo de material, em especial ao Dr. Francisco Limeira de Oliveira, por ter coletado e disponibilizado grande parte dos espécimes utilizados neste trabalho. A todos os professores que se disponibilizaram a ensinar as mais variadas disciplinas, que permitiram o aperfeiçoamento deste trabalho. Aos amigos de laboratório: Ângelo Rêgo, Isis Sá, Idamara Fernandes, Dayana Cruz, Geovânia Freitas, Yanna Araújo, Rafael Freitas-Silva e Valéria Pinto, por todos os momentos de descontração e discussões acaloradas sobre os mais variados assuntos. Em especial a Isis Sá, por toda ajuda e paciência no decorrer deste trabalho. Ao meu amigo Ângelo Rêgo, mais conhecido como alérgico, asmático, que meteu a mão em um formigueiro de Azteca e que se perdeu na Ducke. Por todas as brincadeiras, desabafos e momentos de desespero compartilhados. Ao meu amigo Rafael Freitas-Silva, por todas às duvidas e problemas sanados, por pacientemente compartilhar parte do seu conhecimento sobre Hybotidae. À Luana Barros, minha amiga e companheira de todos os momentos, por todo amor e carinho compartilhados nestes quase dois anos, por nossa relação tão singular. v A toda turma da Entomologia de 2015, não fomos os melhores, mas fizemos o possível, em especial aos amigos Ana Cristina, Renato Azevedo, Rafael Sobral, Dayana Lima e Larissa Oliveira. As demais amizades conquistadas durante essa caminhada: Marcus Bevilaqua, Breno Yvison, Ana Kayako e a todos que contribuíram de alguma forma. vi “Se os nomes não estiverem corretos, a linguagem não está de acordo com a verdade das coisas”. Confúcio (551 – 479 a.C.) vii RESUMO Syneches Walker, 1852 (Diptera: Hybotidae: Hybotinae) são moscas de tamanho pequeno a médio (2-7,5mm), amarelas a pretas, com aproximadamente 200 espécies, distribuídas por todas as regiões biogeográficas, com exceção da Antártica. São distintos dos demais Hybotini por possuírem Rs longo, surgindo na 1/2 basal da célula br, probóscide longa, com labelo esclerosado, sem pseudotraquéias, terminália masculina simétrica e rotacionada entre 45º-90º para a direita. Para o Brasil estão registradas 23 espécies. As espécies brasileiras foram aqui estudadas, com base na morfologia externa e terminália masculina e feminina. O material foi obtido a partir de coleções zoológicas nacionais e estrangeiras. Chave de identificação, mapas com registros geográficos, descrição e redescrição de espécies foram fornecidas. Três espécies foram revisadas e foram acrescidas dez espécies novas ao gênero: S. atratus sp. nov. (Maranhão); S. digitatus sp. nov. (Santa Catarina); S. fasciatus sp. nov. (Goiás); S. fuscus sp. nov. (Rio de Janeiro); S. galbus sp. nov. (Amazonas); S. limeirai sp. nov. (Piauí); S. megalogaster sp. nov. (Paraná); S. oneratus sp. nov. (Minas Gerais); S. procerus sp. nov. (Santa Catarina); S. quasimodo sp. nov. (Rio de Janeiro). Além disso, as espécies já conhecidas tiveram uma nova diagnose e seus registros geográficos ampliados, contribuindo para o aumento no conhecimento das espécies brasileiras deste gênero. Palavras-chave: taxonomia; espécies novas; morfologia externa; chave de identificação; registro geográfico. viii ABSTRACT Syneches Walker, 1852 (Diptera: Hybotidae: Hybotinae) is compound by small to medium size flies (2-7,5mm), yellow to black, with approximately 200 species, distributed throughout all biogeographical regions, except Antarctica. The genus can be distinguished from the other Hybotini by the long Rs, arising before middle of basal cell br, long proboscis, with sclerosed labellum, lacking pseudotracheae, symmetrical male terminalia and, rotated 45-90 degrees to the right. Twenty three species were recorded from Brazil. The Brazilian species were studied here, based on the external morphology, male and female terminalia morphology. The material was obtained from national and foreign zoological collections. Identification key, maps with geographical registry, description, and redescription of each species were provided. Three species have been revised and ten new species were added to the genus: S. atratus sp. nov. (Maranhão); S. digitatus sp. nov. (Santa Catarina); S. fasciatus sp. nov. (Goiás); S. fuscus sp. nov. (Rio de Janeiro); S. galbus sp. nov. (Amazonas); S. limeirai sp. nov. (Piauí); S. megalogaster sp. nov. (Paraná); S. oneratus sp. nov. (Minas Gerais); S. procerus sp. nov. (Santa Catarina); S. quasimodo sp. nov. (Rio de Janeiro). In addition, the formerly known species had added a new diagnosis and their geographic records expanded, incrementing the knowledge of the Brazilian species of this genus. Key words: taxonomy; new species; external morphology; identification key; geographical registry. ix SUMÁRIO RESUMO ................................................................................................................................. vii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ viii SUMÁRIO ................................................................................................................................. ix LISTA DE FIGURAS .............................................................................................................. xii LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS ................................................................................................ xxi PREFÁCIO ............................................................................................................................. xxii 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................. 1 Hybotidae, histórico e aspectos gerais .................................................................................... 1 Hybotinae ................................................................................................................................ 4 Syneches Walker, 1852 com ênfase no Brasil ........................................................................ 5 2. OBJETIVOS........................................................................................................................ 9 Geral ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Específicos .............................................................................................................................. 9 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .............................................................................................. 10 Material examinado .............................................................................................................
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