The Russian Minority in Lithuania

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Russian Minority in Lithuania a n F P 7 - S S H collaborative research project [2008 - 2 0 1 1 ] w w w . e n r i - e a s t . n e t Interplay of European, National and Regional Identities: Nations between States along the New Eastern Borders of the European Union Series of project research r e - p o r t s Contextual and empirical reports on ethnic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe Belarus Research Report # 8 Germany The Russian Minority in Lithuania Hungary Latvia Authors: Arvydas Matulionis | Vida Beresnevičiūtė Lithuania Tadas Leončikas | Monika Frėjutė-Rakauskienė Poland Kristina Šliavaitė | Hans-Georg Heinrich Olga Alekseeva Russia Slovakia Series Editors: Ukraine Hans-Georg Heinrich | Alexander Chvorostov Project primarily funded under FP7-SSH programme Project host and coordinator EUROPEAN COMMISSION www.ihs.ac.at European Research Area 2 ENRI - E a s t R es e a r c h Report #8: The Russian Minority in Lithuania About the ENRI-East research project The research project ‘The Interplay of European, National and Regional Identities: Nations between states along the new eastern borders of the European Union’, further known under the acronym ENRI-East, is designed to promote and understand the way contemporary identities and regional cultures are formed and inter-communicated in the Central and Eastern European neighborhood. In this project we aim to galvanize three perspectives on the dynam- ic relationships between identities and state restructuring. Those three perspectives are the restructuring of the nation- state, the increasing self legitimization of states (rearrangement of the relationship between state and society) and observation of emerging identities at different levels (supra-national, sub-national and global), as well as their complex relationships on the level of individual and group experiences and practices. The following project objectives have been established and implemented through the project activities: To understand the mechanisms behind European, national and regional identities, the way they are consti- tuted and negotiated through individual and group narratives and practices within an increasingly complex set of institutional arrangements To explore the interrelation between individual identities (increasingly complex), group identities (where there is a growing significance of cosmopolitan and European identities parallel to national and regional identities), and institutional frameworks (still dominated by the state, but with the increasing significance of non state ac- tors). To make inroads in conceptualising different identity regimes, To re-examine the ways in which the dominant form in which identity and sovereignty are coupled continues to be significant, To understand the diverse set of nested and interlocking institutional, historical and cultural frameworks with- in which different European identities are constantly negotiated and reshaped These objectives are integrated within four general research themes. The first one deals with the interplay of identities and cultures by comparing ‘mother nations’ and their ‘residual groups abroad’. The second theme is a cross-cutting approach which addresses the nations and the states: more exactly, the attitudes and policies of ‘mother nations’ and ‘host nations’ toward the ‘residual groups’ and vice versa. The third research theme comprise the reality of self organi- zation and representation of “residual groups abroad” (ethnic minorities) along the East European borderland. Finally, the last research theme of the project deals with path dependencies, historical memories, present status and expected dynamics of divided nations in Eastern Europe. The project has applied a set of quantitative and qualitative methods in Poland, Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Slovakia, and Germany: 1) ENRI Values and Identities Survey (face-to-face interviews with members of 12 ethnic minority groups in eight countries), short ENRI-VIS 2) ENRI-BIO: qualitative, biographical in-depth interviews with members of 12 ethnic minority groups in eight countries 3) ENRI-EXI: qualitative, expert interviews with governmental and non-governmental representatives of eth- nic minority groups in eight countries 4) ENRI-BLOG: online content analysis of weblogs and Internet periodicals run or maintained by ethnic mi- nority group members 5) ENRI-MUSIC: special study on cultural identities and music; an innovative, multi-disciplinary pilot effort in Hungary and Lithuania „ENRI-East” Project (www.enri-east.net) | Series of Project Research Reports | 2011 ENRI - E a s t R es e a r c h Report #8: The Russian Minority in Lithuania 3 The series of ERNRI-East research reports includes the following individu- al papers: Summarizing and generalizing reports 1. Theoretical and methodological backgrounds for the studies of European, national and regional identities of ethnic minorities in European borderlands (WP1) (Edited by Claire Wallace, Natalka Patsiurko) 2. Interplay of European, National and Regional Identities among the ethnic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe (WP2) (Heinrich, Chvorostov, Shimpfoessl, Rollings) Contextual and empirical reports ethnic minorities in Central and Eastern Europe (Co-editors Elisabeth Schimfoessl, Tom Rollings) 3. The Polish Minority in Belarus (Rotman, Ivanyuto, Veremeeva) 4. The Slovak Minority in Hungary (Sik, Oerkeni) 5. The Russian Minority in Latvia (Arvydas Matulionis et al) 6. The Belarusian Minority in Lithuania (Arvydas Matulionis et al) 7. The Polish Minority in Lithuania (Arvydas Matulionis et al) 8. The Russian Minority in Lithuania (Arvydas Matulionis) 9. The Belarusian Minority in Poland (Ilona Matysiak) 10. The Ukrainian Minority in Poland (Ilona Matysiak) 11. The Lithuanian Minority in Russia (Kaliningrad oblast) (Tumanov, Stremovskaya) 12. The Hungarian Minority in Slovakia (Ladislav Machacek) 13. The Hungarian Minority in Ukraine (Bakirov, Kizilov, Kizilova) 14. The Polish Minority in Ukraine (Bakirov, Kizilov, Kizilova) 15. Special Case Study Germany (Barbara Dietz) Series of empirical survey reports: 16. (WP4) Values and Identities Survey ENRI-VIS 1. Methodology and implementation of ENRI-VIS (Technical report) (Chvorostov, Pichler, Cebotari) 2. ENRI-VIS Reference book (major cross-tabulations and coding details) (Chvorostov et al.) 17. (WP5) Qualitative sub-studies of ENRI-East project (technical reports and data base descriptions 3. ENRI-BIO (Lyudmila Nurse) 4. ENRI-EXI (Natalka Patsiurko) 5. Pilot study on musical cultures and identities (Lyudmila Nurse) 6. Pilot study of web-spaces (Heinrich, Alekseeva) „ENRI-East” Project (www.enri-east.net) | Series of Project Research Reports | 2011 4 ENRI - E a s t R es e a r c h Report #8: The Russian Minority in Lithuania Annotation This book "ENRI-East Comparative context Report" is the first issue in a series of research reports being produced within the framework of the multinational research project "ENRI-East". The Report provides a comparative overview of ##. The countries covered are: ## Acknowledgements The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the opinion or position of the European Commission. We would like to thank the sponsors of the project: Directorate-General Research at the European Commission and especially ## for funding and supporting the project. We would also like to thank the Austrian Ministry for Science, Education and Art for additional support and the staff at Austrian Research Promotion Agency for… We are also grateful to ## for thorough processing, harmonization and cleaning of ENRI-East Survey data sets, ## for his help with the layout of the published reports and to ## for ###…. Principle Investigator Prof. Hans-Georg Heinrich (University of Vienna, Austria) ENRI Project Coordinator Dr. Alexander Chvorostov and the CEASS-Center team at the Institute of Advanced Studies Austria) Project Partners TARKI Research Institute Inc. (Hungary) (Team Leader Prof. Endre Sik) University of Aberdeen (UK) (Team Leader Prof. Claire Wallace) Osteuropa Institut Regensburg (Germany) (Team Leader Dr. Barbara Dietz) Lithuanian Social Research Center(Vilnius, Lithuania) (Team Leader Prof. Arvydas Matulionis) Moscow State University (Russia) (Team Leader Prof. Sergei Tumanov) Belarusian State University (Belarus) (Team Leader Prof. David Rotman) East-Ukrainian Foundation for Social Research (Ukraine) (Team Leader Prof, Vil Bakirov) University of St. Cyril and Methodius (Slovakia) (Team Leader Prof. Ladislav Machacek) Oxford XXI (UK) (Team Leader Dr. Ljudmila Nurse) Maria Curie-Sklodowska University Lublin (Poland) (Team Leader Prof. Konrad Zielinski) Project Website: www.enri-east.net Primary funding for the research project ENRI-East is provided by the European Commission through an FP7-SSH grant #217227. „ENRI-East” Project (www.enri-east.net) | Series of Project Research Reports | 2011 ENRI - E a s t R es e a r c h Report #8: The Russian Minority in Lithuania 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 Abstract ............................................................................................................ 8 Summary of the study ....................................................................................... 8 Summary of practical recommendations ........................................................ 17 1 RUSSIANS IN LITHUANIA: A BACKGROUND OVERVIEW 18 1.1 Lithuanian-majority and Russian-minority relations ................................ 18 1.2 Demographic overview ..........................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Latvia by Juris Dreifelds
    Latvia by Juris Dreifelds Capital: Riga Population: 2.1 million GNI/capita, PPP: US$19,090 Source: The data above are drawn from the World Bank’sWorld Development Indicators 2013. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Electoral Process 1.75 1.75 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 Civil Society 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 Independent Media 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 Governance* 2.25 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a National Democratic Governance n/a 2.25 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.25 Local Democratic Governance n/a 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 2.25 Judicial Framework and Independence 2.00 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 Corruption 3.50 3.50 3.25 3.00 3.00 3.25 3.25 3.50 3.25 3.00 Democracy Score 2.17 2.14 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.18 2.18 2.14 2.11 2.07 * Starting with the 2005 edition, Freedom House introduced separate analysis and ratings for national democratic governance and local democratic governance to provide readers with more detailed and nuanced analysis of these two important subjects.
    [Show full text]
  • International Convention on the Elimination of All
    UNITED NATIONS CERD International Convention on Distr. the Elimination GENERAL of all Forms of CERD/C/369/Add.2 Racial Discrimination 13 February 2001 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE ELIMINATION OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 9 OF THE CONVENTION Initial report of States parties due in 1999 Addendum Lithuania* [20 October 2000] * The annexes to the report submitted by the Government of Lithuania may be consulted in the files of the Secretariat. GE.01-40655 (E) PURL: https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/941f3a/ CERD/C/369/Add.2 page 2 I. INTRODUCTION A. Land and people 1. The Republic of Lithuania is situated on the east coast of the Baltic Sea. It borders the Republic of Latvia in the north, the Republic of Belarus in the east and the Republic of Poland and the Kaliningrad province of the Russian Federation in the south. Lithuania covers an area of 65,200 sq km. At the beginning of 2000, the population was 3,698,500. In 1999 the population density averaged 56.6 people per sq km. The capital of the Republic of Lithuania is Vilnius. 2. In January 2000, the average monthly gross wage in the national economy totalled LTL 1,050. 3. In 1999, gross domestic product amounted to LTL 42.65 billion. 4. In January 2000, the inflation rate totalled 1.5 per cent. 5. In January 2000, foreign debt was $2,405 million. 6. According to the data of 1997, the ethnic composition of the population is as follows: 81.6 per cent - Lithuanians, 8.2 per cent - Russians, 6.9 per cent - Poles, 1.5 per cent - Byelorussians, 1.0 per cent - Ukrainians, 0.1 per cent - Jewish, 0.1 per cent - Tartars and 0.6 per cent - other nationalities.
    [Show full text]
  • Rehabilitation and Extension of Water Supply and Sewage Collection Systems in Vilnius (Stages 1 and 2)
    Summary sheet of measure No 2000/LT/16/P/PE/001: Measure title Rehabilitation and Extension of Water Supply and Sewage Collection Systems in Vilnius (Stages 1 and 2) Authority responsible for implementation Municipality of Vilnius City, Gedimino av. 9,Vilnius, Lithuania Mayor of Vilnius, Mr Roland Paksas Email meras@vilnius.lt Final beneficiary SP UAB Vilniaus Vandenys Dominikonu st 11,Vilnius, Lithuania Mr. B. Meizutavicius, Director General E.mail info@vv.lt Description Vilnius is the capital of Lithuania with a population of 580,000. The main drinking water and sewage networks date from the start of the 20th century and are in need of immediate repair. The expansion of the drinking water supply networks, as well as replacement of the worn out pipelines and the construction of iron removal plants (within separate complementary projects) will contribute to compliance with the EU standards for drinking water by reducing the iron content from 0.25-1.2 to 0.05mg/l. Also, some 99 percent of the Vilnius inhabitants and industries will be connected to the water supply networks. It should be noted that this is the first stage of a long term plan, for which the feasibility work has already been completed, which will result in full compliance with both water quality and waste water Directives. Component 1 Rehabilitation of a total of approximately 80km of water mains in the districts of Antakalnis, Baltupiai, Fabijoniškes, Justiniskes, Kirtimai, Lazdynai, Paneriai, Pasilaiciai, Virsuliskes, Zirmunai and the Old Town by relining of approximately 73 km of pipes ranging from less than 200mm to 1000mm diameter and replacement of some 7kms of pipes are in the utility corridors Component 2 Extension of the water supply and sewerage networks to serve the outlying areas of Gineitiskes, Traku Voke, Tarande, Bajorai, Balsiai, Kairenai, Naujoji Vilnia and Riese.
    [Show full text]
  • Relations of the Catholic Church and the Government of the Republic of Lithuania Relations During the Crisis of Covid-19: Partnership Or Dispute?
    KAUNAS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, ARTS AND HUMANITIES RESEARCH GROUP - CIVIL SOCIETY AND SUSTAINABILITY Audris Narbutas Relations of the Catholic Church and the Government of the Republic of Lithuania relations during the Crisis of Covid-19: partnership or dispute? Kaunas, 2021 Audris Narbutas received a Bachelor and Master degrees from Vilnius University (Institute of International Relations and Political Science) He is a student of PhD Programme in Political Sciences, which is carried out at Kaunas University of Technology. Among his scientific interests are comparative politics, religious liberty, natural law and electoral behavior. Introduction The religious liberty is one of the most profound and fundamental deep freedoms in the West World. The vast majority of the modern democracies recognize the people’s right to worship God according to the particular traditions and norms of the different religious communities. The state of Lithuania belongs to this family of democracies where the religious liberty plays a significant role in the legal system of the Lithuania. The rights to express and practice each one’s faith are established in the Article 26 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania1 and in the bilateral treaties with the Holy See. Moreover, Lithuania approved the Law on Religious Communities and Associations, which purpose is to establish the legal relations between the different religious communities and associations and the State of Lithuania, Besides, It is an attempt to implement the human
    [Show full text]
  • EXPERIENCE of VILNIUS DISTRICT HEATING COMPANY Producer of Heat Operator of District Customer Care for the Heating Network Heat and Hot Water Services
    EXPERIENCE OF VILNIUS DISTRICT HEATING COMPANY Producer of heat Operator of district Customer care for the heating network heat and hot water services The Company operates in The Company owns and The Company supplies heat competitive market and supplies operates district heating and hot water for the end heat and electricity from network in Vilnius. We provide customer. combined heat and power plant. peak load and reserve capacity to ensure the quality of service for final customer. Key facts Established in 1958 Vilnius Infrastructure and capacity: District heating substations, Revenues of 131m EUR units Total assets of 139m EUR The company is the largest 25% 741 Length of the network, km supplier of heat and hot water 26% in Lithuania 7 218 Connected buildings, units Šiauliai Panevėžys 33% Telšiai 483 752 Annual heat supply, Klaipėda 2 752 Verkiai 44 018 60 445 GWh Vilnius 146 254 851 68 548 Utena Santariškės 217 26% Jeruzalė Baltupiai Antakalnis 1 436 Pašilaičiai Fabijoniškės Tauragė Heat production Justiniškės 68 548 Šeškinė 1 751 Žirmūnai 504 (by own sources), GWh Pilaitė Viršuliškės Šnipiškės Žvėrynas Naujoji Vilnia 2 916 Karoliniškės Kaunas Senamiestis 209 066 Naujamiestis 598 Grigiškės Rasos 31% Lazdynai Marijampolė Vilnius Number of clients Vilkpėdė 230 212 781 Naujininkai 19 992 Paneriai Source: Lithuanian central 83 heat supply sector review, 2018 Alytus 50% Hot water Heat supply, (GWh) 258 000 meters, units Total number of clients Heat comes VŠT part in total structure Lenth of heat networks, km 54% from RES of all heating companies
    [Show full text]
  • State of Populism in Europe
    2018 State of Populism in Europe The past few years have seen a surge in the public support of populist, Eurosceptical and radical parties throughout almost the entire European Union. In several countries, their popularity matches or even exceeds the level of public support of the centre-left. Even though the centre-left parties, think tanks and researchers are aware of this challenge, there is still more OF POPULISM IN EUROPE – 2018 STATE that could be done in this fi eld. There is occasional research on individual populist parties in some countries, but there is no regular overview – updated every year – how the popularity of populist parties changes in the EU Member States, where new parties appear and old ones disappear. That is the reason why FEPS and Policy Solutions have launched this series of yearbooks, entitled “State of Populism in Europe”. *** FEPS is the fi rst progressive political foundation established at the European level. Created in 2007 and co-fi nanced by the European Parliament, it aims at establishing an intellectual crossroad between social democracy and the European project. Policy Solutions is a progressive political research institute based in Budapest. Among the pre-eminent areas of its research are the investigation of how the quality of democracy evolves, the analysis of factors driving populism, and election research. Contributors : Tamás BOROS, Maria FREITAS, Gergely LAKI, Ernst STETTER STATE OF POPULISM Tamás BOROS IN EUROPE Maria FREITAS • This book is edited by FEPS with the fi nancial support of the European
    [Show full text]
  • LITHUANIA Wooden Architecture of Vilnius Historie Suburbs
    Heritage at Risk 2004/2005 Lithuania 167 LITHUANIA Wooden Architecture of Vilnius Historie Suburbs In the 2001-2002 edition of Heritage at Risk, the Lithuanian National Committee of ICOMOS mentioned wooden architecture in historic suburbs as the most endangered of several groups of cultural heritage items in Lithuania. The historic centre of Vilnius - Old Town - is inscribed on the World Heritage List, but the survival of the wooden architecture of the historic suburbs of Vilnius remains problematic. For the Vilnius historic suburbs - Uzupis, Zverynas, Antakalnis, Snipiskes, Markuciai - have grown as separate residential areas in the configuration of the town's centre. Wooden architecture has survived there unevenly. Old wooden buildings still dominate in large areas of Zverynas, Snipiskes and Markuciai. In Uzupis and Antakalnis, groups of wooden buildings or individual ones are interwoven with brick buildings surrounded by a new urban environment. V« The wooden architecture in Vilnius has survived from the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, but it is very diverse typo- House in Pavasario Street logically as well as stylistically. We possess a broad spectrum of historical architectural trends and influences which have been there are attempts to destroy them. But these areas are very close reflected in the architecture of the wooden buildings. In the sub• to the Vilnius Old Town World Heritage area and its environment urbs domestic residences were built among abundant Vegetation. falls under the visual protection zone of Vilnius urban heritage. The architecture of the houses was unusual: there are elements of New construetion is regulated by the cultural heritage laws.
    [Show full text]
  • S E M I N a R Use of Fresh Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply of Population in Emergency Situations
    IUGS-GEM Commission on Geoscience for Environmental Management S E M I N A R Use of Fresh Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply of Population in Emergency situations Field trip guide 2015 June 3–5 History of water supply in Vilnius – from springs Vilnius, Lithuania to centralized systems S E M I N A R Use of Fresh Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply of Population in Emergency situations FIELD TRIP GUIDE History of water supply in Vilnius – from springs to centralized systems 2015 June 3–5 Vilnius, Lithuania FIELD TRIP GUIDE Seminar „Use of Fresh Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply of Population in Emergency situations“, 2015, June 3–5, Vilnius, Lithuania: Field Trip Guide: History of water supply in Vilnius – from springs to centralized systems / Compiled by: Satkūnas J.; Lithuanian Geological Survey. – Vilnius: LGT, 2015. – 27 (1) p.: iliustr. – Bibliogr. str. gale ORGANISED BY: Lithuanian Geological Survey (LGT) Vilnius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences IUGS-GEM EuroGeoSurveys Published by Lithuanian Geological Survey Compiled by: Jonas Satkūnas Layout: Indrė Virbickienė © Lietuvos geologijos tarnyba Vilnius, 2015 2 FIELD TRIP GUIDE The Working Group on Drinking Water of the IUGS-GEM Commission Leader Prof. I. Zektser SEMINAR Use of Fresh Groundwater for Drinking Water Supply of Population in Emergency situations DATE: June 3–5, 2015 WORKSHOP VENUE: Vilnius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences. M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21/27, Vilnius, Lithuania WORKSHOP LANGUAGES: English, Russian P R O G R A M M E June 3. Arrival, informal meeting, ice-break party (16.00 h) June 4. Agenda: 9.30 – Opening by Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Spring Water in Vilnius City: Chemical Composition and Quality
    GEOLOGIJA. 2007. No. 60. P. 51–57 © Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2007 © Lietuvos mokslų akademijos leidykla, 2007 © Vilniaus universitetas, 2007 Hydrogeology • Hidrogeologija • Гидрогеология Spring water in Vilnius City: chemical composition and quality Vytautas Juodkazis, Juodkazis V., Papievis L. Spring water in Vilnius City: chemical composition and quality. Geologija. Vilnius. 2007. No. 60. P. 51–57. ISSN 1392–110X Linas Papievis The marginal moraine areas of continental glaciation are lithologically notable for great variations in surface deposits. If such Quaternary deposits are deeply cut by river valleys and ravines, their slopes and terraces make favourable conditions for groundwater to be exposed and to form springs. Most often such springs are of a falling type, i. e. water streams under the influence of gravitation. In the ancient times people used spring water for drinking and preparation of food, since it was clean and tasty. Such an image of spring water has remained up to the present days, although due to increased pollution of the environment, the water of such springs can be both good and bad. Regardless of this, people bring it to their homes thinking that spring water is of a better quality than that provided by the municipal water supply. Such practice is also widely exercised in Vilnius, where the geomorpho- logical conditions are favourable for springs to be formed. Therefore, Hydrology and Engineering Geol- ogy Department of Vilnius University have analysed the chemical composition of the city spring waters and assessed their quality in respect of the quality of water suitable for drinking. Key words: spring, groundwater, chemical composition, pollution Received 15 May 2007, accepted 05 July 2007 Vytautas Juodkazis, Linas Papievis.
    [Show full text]
  • The Success and Failure of Ethnic Parties in New Democracies: Cross-National and Inter-Temporal Analysis on Post-Communist Europe
    G-COE GLOPE II Working Paper Series The Success and Failure of Ethnic Parties in New Democracies: Cross-National and Inter-temporal Analysis on Post-communist Europe. Ryo NAKAI Working Paper No.27 If you have any comment or question on the working paper series, please contact each author. When making a copy or reproduction of the content, please contact us in advance to request permission. The source should explicitly be credited. GLOPE Ⅱ Web Site: http://globalcoe-glope2.jp/ The Success and Failure of Ethnic Parties in New Democracies: 1 Cross-National and Inter-temporal Analysis on Post-communist Europe Ryo NAKAI Research Associate & Ph.D. Candidate Student, School of Political Science and Economics 2 stebuklas@toki.waseda.jp Abstract Why do ethnic minority parties succeed or fail? In order to solve this puzzle, this article explores cross-national and inter-temporal differences in post-communist new democracies using statistical analysis and small-N case studies, and argues that policy factors and the rationality of ethnic minorities determine the success and failure of ethnic parties and account for the variance in their standings. As some studies have pointed out, ethnic minorities’ voting behaviour should be rational and strategic. This article represents a basic spatial model and argues that ethnic minorities react to other parties’ policy changes and to the capability of other parties to win seats. Statistical analysis verifies this hypothesis. In addition, I discuss the Baltic States–Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania--as case studies. Although these three countries share a similar history, experience with minority issues and a common institutional design, their party systems indicate significant differences.
    [Show full text]
  • Kamilė Užpalytė Vilnietiška Vilniaus Miesto Samprata
    Vilniaus universitetas Istorijos fakultetas Istorijos teorijos ir kultūros istorijos katedra Kamilė Užpalytė Kultūros istorijos ir antropologijos studijų programa Kursinis darbas Vilnietiška Vilniaus miesto samprata Darbo vadovas: Dr. Donatas Brandišauskas Vilnius, 2012 Turinys Įvadas ........................................................................................................................ 3 1. I grupė ............................................................................................................ 5 2. II grupė ........................................................................................................... 9 3. III grupė ........................................................................................................ 13 4. IV grupė ....................................................................................................... 18 Išvados .................................................................................................................... 24 Šaltinių ir literatūros sąrašas .................................................................................. 26 2 Įvadas Šio kursinio darbo tyrimo objektas yra vilnietiška Vilniaus miesto samprata. Šiame tyrime, vykdytojams leidus, naudojamasi projekto „Kalba Vilnius: Vilniaus kalbos vaidmuo šiuolaikinėje Lietuvoje“, 2010, interviu medžiaga (vykdė Lietuvių kalbos institutas, rėmė Lietuvos mokslo tarybos nacionalinė mokslo programa „Valstybė ir tauta: paveldas ir tapatumas“, vadovė Loreta Vaicekauskienė). Projekto tikslas buvo sukaupti
    [Show full text]
  • The Representation of Lithuania's National Minorities Ki L Ka Cian* in the European Parliament: Just Poles?
    Kil Kacian* Intersections. EEJSP The Representation of Lithuania’s National Minorities 7(1): 116–135. in the European Parliament: Just Poles? DOI: 10.17356/ieejsp.v7i1.579 http://intersections.tk.mta.hu * [zibens@gmail.com] (International Centre for Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity Studies, Prague) Abstract There are two channels for achieving the representation of national minorities inrep- resentative bodies. One of them is the inclusion of minority representatives on main- stream party lists, while the other is their self-organization via ethnic parties. The arrangements pertinent to the organization of European Parliament elections hypo- thetically provide citizens with equal opportunities to be elected, regardless of their belonging to national minorities. However, some EU Member States are characterized by a relatively ethnically homogeneous population combined with a small number of allocated MEP mandates. Based on the empirical evidence from Lithuania, this article assesses the feasibility of the use of the two channels by politicians with a minority background in relation to their being elected MEPs, and shows that the latter meth- ods represent two different types of representation according to Pitkin’s concept. The article concludes that being elected via the mainstream party lists requires a politi- cian to have a high profile in the public life of Lithuania, whereas the success of use of the monopolized ethnic channel is contingent on the general electoral condition of the ethnic party and its capacity to sustain its constituency among the country’s na- tional minorities. The text’s findings provide a country-specific illustration that may also be applicable in the wider context of East Central Europe in relation to studies focused on the electoral performances of ethnic parties and the inclusion of minority representatives in the activities of mainstream parties.
    [Show full text]