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Contemporary Debates in Bioethics Contemporary 189mm 24mm 189mm Contemporary Debates in Bioethics “This outstanding volume brings the contemporary debates of bioethics to Contemporary Debates In Philosophy life. Thoughtful introductions to contextualize each topic combined with interactive debates result in an outstanding and unique resource.” David Magnus, Director, Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University “I savor controversies and debates and this riveting new book has 15 great ones from the field of bioethics, debates that transcend academic disputes to engage the public, public intellectuals, and the Supreme Court on topics like assisted suicide, gene patenting, human cloning, and health reform.” Mark Siegler, University of Chicago Modern advances in medicine and biology are accompanied by an increasingly complex swirl of ethical dilemmas and debates. Contemporary Contemporary Debates in Bioethics features a collection of divergent arguments contributed by today’s top bioethics scholars that focus on core bioethical concerns of the twenty-first century. After presenting highly accessible introductions to specific issues, chapters proceed to tackle each side of such topical Debates in concerns as international medical research, human cloning, markets in human organs, abortion, gene and embryo copyrighting, physician-assisted suicide, stem-cell research, primate research, biomedical enhancement, and 246mm more. Provocative and timely, Contemporary Debates in Bioethics introduces a Bioethics variety of perspectives that allow readers at all levels to gain critical insights and a deeper understanding of some of the most controversial and important issues of our day. Arthur L. Caplan is the Drs William F. and Virginia Connolly Mitty Professor Edited by and Head of the Division of Bioethics at New York University Langone Medical Center in New York City. He is the author or editor of 30 books and more than 550 papers in refereed journals. His most recent books are Smart Mice Not So Smart People (2006) and the Penn Guide to Bioethics (2009). Caplan and Arp Robert Arp is co-editor of Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Biology (2009), author of Scenario Visualization: An Evolutionary Account of Creative Problem Solving (2008), and co-editor of Information and Living Systems: Edited by Philosophical and Scientific Perspectives (2011). Arthur L. Caplan and Robert Arp Contemporary Debates in Bioethics Contemporary Debates in Philosophy In teaching and research, philosophy makes progress through argumentation and debate. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy provides a forum for students and their teachers to follow and participate in the debates that ani- mate philosophy today in the western world. Each volume presents pairs of opposing viewpoints on contested themes and topics in the central subfields of philosophy. Each volume is edited and introduced by an expert in the field, and also includes an index, bibliography, and suggestions for further reading. The opposing essays, commissioned especially for the volumes in the series, are thorough but accessible presentations of opposing points of view. 1. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Religion edited by Michael L. Peterson and Raymond J. Vanarragon 2. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Science edited by Christopher Hitchcock 3. Contemporary Debates in Epistemology edited by Matthias Steup and Ernest Sosa 4. Contemporary Debates in Applied Ethics edited by Andrew I. Cohen and Christopher Heath Wellman 5. Contemporary Debates in Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art edited by Matthew Kieran 6. Contemporary Debates in Moral Theory edited by James Dreier 7. Contemporary Debates in Cognitive Science edited by Robert Stainton 8. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Mind edited by Brian McLaughlin and Jonathan Cohen 9. Contemporary Debates in Social Philosophy edited by Laurence Thomas 10. Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics edited by Theodore Sider, John Hawthorne, and Dean W. Zimmerman 11. Contemporary Debates in Political Philosophy edited by Thomas Christiano and John Christman 12. Contemporary Debates in Philosophy of Biology edited by Francisco J. Ayala and Robert Arp 13. Contemporary Debates in Bioethics edited by Arthur L. Caplan and Robert Arp Contemporary Debates in Bioethics Edited by Arthur L. Caplan and Robert Arp This edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Arthur L. Caplan and Robert Arp to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Contemporary debates in bioethics / edited by Arthur L. Caplan, Robert Arp. p. ; cm. – (Contemporary debates in philosophy ; 13) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-3713-6 (cloth : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4443-3714-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) I. Caplan, Arthur L. II. Arp, Robert. III. Series: Contemporary debates in philosophy ; 13. [DNLM: 1. Bioethical Issues. 2. Biomedical Research–ethics. 3. Genetic Enhancement–ethics. 4. Patient Rights–ethics. 5. Reproductive Techniques–ethics. WB 60] R724 174.2–dc23 2013006628 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover design by www.cyandesign.co.uk Set in 10/12pt Bembo by SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2014 Contents Notes on Contributors x Acknowledgments xiv General Introduction 1 References 8 Part 1 Are There Universal Ethical Principles That Should Govern the Conduct of Medicine and Research Worldwide? 13 Introduction 13 References 15 1 There Are Universal Ethical Principles That Should Govern the Conduct of Medicine and Research Worldwide 17 Daryl Pullman 2 There Are No Universal Ethical Principles That Should Govern the Conduct of Medicine and Research Worldwide 27 Kevin S. Decker Reply to Decker 36 Reply to Pullman 39 Part 2 Is It Morally Acceptable to Buy and Sell Organs for Human Transplantation? 43 Introduction 43 References 45 3 It Is Morally Acceptable to Buy and Sell Organs for Human Transplantation: Moral Puzzles and Policy Failures 47 Mark J. Cherry 4 It Is Not Morally Acceptable to Buy and Sell Organs for Human Transplantation: A Very Poor Solution to a Very Pressing Problem 59 Arthur L. Caplan Reply to Caplan 68 Reply to Cherry 70 Part 3 Were It Physically Safe, Would Human Reproductive Cloning Be Acceptable? 73 Introduction 73 References 76 5 Were It Physically Safe, Human Reproductive Cloning Would Be Acceptable 79 Katrien Devolder 6 Were It Physically Safe, Human Reproductive Cloning Would Not Be Acceptable 89 Stephen E. Levick Reply to Levick 98 Reply to Devolder 101 Part 4 Is the Deliberately Induced Abortion of a Human Pregnancy Ethically Justifiable? 105 Introduction 105 References 109 7 The Deliberately Induced Abortion of a Human Pregnancy Is Ethically Justifiable 111 Jeffrey Reiman 8 The Deliberately Induced Abortion of a Human Pregnancy Is Not Ethically Justifiable 120 Don Marquis Reply to Marquis 129 Reply to Reiman 132 Part 5 Is It Ethical to Patent or Copyright Genes, Embryos, or Their Parts? 137 Introduction 137 References 141 9 It Is Ethical to Patent or Copyright Genes, Embryos, or Their Parts 143 Lawrence M. Sung 10 It Is Not Ethical to Patent or Copyright Genes, Embryos, or Their Parts 152 David Koepsell Reply to Koepsell 162 Reply to Sung 164 Part 6 Should a Child Have the Right to Refuse Medical Treatment to Which the Child’s Parents or Guardians Have Consented? 167 Introduction 167 References 171 vi Contents 11 The Child Should Have the Right to Refuse Medical Treatment to Which the Child’s Parents or Guardians Have Consented 173 William J. Winslade 12 The Child Should Not Have the Right to Refuse Medical Treatment to Which the Child’s Parents or Guardians Have Consented
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