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Demographics 2014-2015 Demographics 2014-2015 Chapter 1: Demographics 49 2014-2015 Health of Boston Demographics Boston’s population has grown in the last decade. Much of this change can be attributed to local and state policies that have created a strong and well-balanced economy and supported neighborhood redevelopment (1). With its many colleges and universities, Boston is especially appealing to young and well-educated people from around the world. In 2012, 26% of the Boston population was foreign-born compared with only 15% of the Massachusetts population and 13% of the entire US population (2). Although Boston is a racially and ethnically diverse city in which less than 50% of its residents are White, Boston was ranked among the top 20% of highly segregated metropolitan areas in the United States in 2010, alongside Cincinnati, Ohio and Birmingham, Alabama(4). Racial residential segregation refers to the degree to which two or more racial/ethnic groups live separately from one another in a geographic area (3). Segregation affects health by creating different economic, physical, and social environments that shape the health behaviors and choices individuals make (5,6,7). Evidence exists that segregation of people of color into poor neighborhoods is associated with increased adult mortality (6). Whenever possible, health indicators in this report are stratified by individual socioeconomic (SES) indicators and presented geographically in maps. Demographic characteristics for children and adolescents differ from the rest of the Boston population. Black children make up the highest proportion of youth under the age of 18, whereas White individuals make up the largest proportion of all residents. We give special attention to the subpopulation of Boston youth for whom many Boston’s programs and policies seek to support and protect. 50 Demographics 2014-2015 Figure 1.1 Boston Population, 1990-2010 1,000,000 801,444 750,000 617,591 500,000 560,892 Population 250,000 0 DATA SOURCES: Decennial Censuses 1900- 2010, U.S. Census Bureau In 2010, Boston had 617,591 residents, making it the most populous city in Massachusetts. Data from the decennial censuses demonstrate that the population of Boston has varied dramatically over the past 110 years, reaching a high point of 801,444 residents in 1950. In 2010, 52% of the Boston population was female (data not shown). The population of Boston increased 4.8% between 2000 and 2010. Figure 1.2 Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2000 and 2010 60% 49.5 47.0 40% 23.8 22.4 17.5 20% 14.4 7.5 8.9 1.7 1.8 3.1 2.4 Percent of Population Percent 0% Asian Black Latino Other Two or White (of any Race* More Races race) 2000 2010 *Includes American Indians/Alaskan Natives, and Some Other Races DATA SOURCES: Decennial Censuses 2000 and 2010, U.S. Census Bureau Between 2000 and 2010, the percentage of Asian and Latino residents increased while the percentage of Black and White residents decreased. 51 2014-2015 Health of Boston Figure 1.3 Population by Race/Ethnicity and Year, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2005-2012 Not Latino Latino Two or Year Other (of any Asian Black More White Race* Race) Races 2012 9.1% 23.3% 1.0% 2.0% 46.0% 18.6% 2011 9.1% 22.7% 1.8% 2.1% 46.0% 18.4% 2010 8.9% 22.4% 1.8% 2.4% 47.0% 17.5% 2009 7.5% 21.7% 1.6% 1.7% 51.2% 16.3% 2008 8.2% 21.6% 1.7% 1.5% 50.8% 16.2% 2007 8.6% 21.2% 2.0% 1.5% 49.8% 16.9% 2006 8.0% 23.4% 2.1% 1.4% 50.2% 14.9% 2005 8.7% 23.5% † 1.2% 48.6% 14.7% 2000 7.5% 23.8% 1.7% 3.1% 49.5% 14.4% 1990 5.2% 24.0% 1.3% ‡ 59.1% 10.4% 1980 2.7% 21.7% 1.3% ‡ 67.9% 6.4% * Includes American Indians/Alaskan Natives and Some Other Races † Insufficient sample size ‡ Prior to the 2000 census, data were not collected on whether individuals identified as belonging to two or more races DATA SOURCES: Decennial Censuses 1900-2000, U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012, U.S. Census Bureau The population of Boston has become increasingly diverse over time. While 50% of Boston residents were White in 2000, this percentage fell to slightly less than a majority (46%) by 2012. Much of the diversification in the population of Boston is due to an increase in the Latino population relative to the overall population of Boston, which increased from 14% in 2000 to 19% in 2012. Note: The 2000 Census was the first to offer respondents the option of identifying as belonging to more than one race. Therefore, census data from before 2000 are not strictly comparable to census data in 2000 and beyond. Nonetheless, these data provide good estimates of the changes in the racial and ethnic composition of Boston. Also, verifiable data were not available for 2001-2004. 52 Demographics 2014-2015 Between 2000 and 2010, the Figure 1.4 overall population of Boston Population by Neighborhood, 2000 and 2010 Neighborhood increased by 4.8%. 2000 2010 % change Among neighborhoods, Boston 589,141 617,591 +4.8% Chinatown, the South End, Allston/ 66,467 72,092 +8.5% Brighton and Roxbury experienced the Back Bay* 46,504 50,017 +7.6% greatest increases in Charlestown 15,195 16,439 +8.2% population (43.7%, 24.1%, Chinatown 5,138 7,383 +43.7% East Boston 38,413 40,508 +5.5% and 16.9%, respectively) Fenway 47,449 54,565 +15.0% while Roslindale, Mattapan, Hyde Park 28,392 28,488 +0.3% and South Dorchester Jamaica 36,293 35,401 -2.5% Plain experienced the greatest Mattapan 27,815 25,562 -8.1% decreases in population North 58,675 59,273 +1.0% (-8.3%, -8.1%, and -5.4%, Dorchester North End 6,401 6,915 +8.0% respectively). Roslindale 32,527 29,826 -8.3% Roxbury 34,665 40,527 +16.9% South 30,048 33,889 +12.8% Boston South 75,329 71,262 -5.4% Dorchester South End† 27,311 33,881 +24.1% West 24,058 25,861 +7.5% Roxbury * Includes Beacon Hill, Downtown, the North End, and the West End † Includes Chinatown DATA SOURCES: Decennial Censuses 2000 and 2010, U.S. Census Bureau 53 Figure 1.5 Population by Neighborhood and Race/Ethnicity, 2000 and 2010 Total Population Asian Black Latino White Other Race* Two or More Races Neighborhood 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 2000 2010 Count Count % % % % % % % % % % % % Boston 589,141 617,591 7.5% 8.9% 23.8% 22.4% 14.4% 17.5% 49.5% 47.0% 1.7% 1.8% 3.1% 2.4% Allston/ 66,467 72,092 13.7% 15.2% 4.5% 4.6% 9.2% 9.9% 68.6% 66.2% 1.4% 1.6% 2.6% 2.4% Brighton Back Bay† 46,504 50,017 9.2% 10.1% 5.1% 4.7% 3.8% 5.2% 80.1% 78.0% 0.4% 0.5% 1.4% 1.6% Charlestown 15,195 16,439 5.0% 8.2% 3.6% 4.7% 11.6% 9.7% 78.6% 75.8% 0.3% 0.5% 0.9% 1.2% Chinatown 5,138 7,383 59.7% 48.3% 4.2% 3.5% 4.2% 4.1% 30.3% 42.0% 0.3% 0.2% 1.4% 1.8% East Boston 38,413 40,508 4.0% 3.5% 3.1% 3.2% 39.0% 52.9% 49.7% 37.2% 1.3% 1.8% 2.9% 1.5% Fenway 47,449 54,565 13.6% 17.3% 6.7% 5.8% 8.2% 9.0% 68.1% 64.7% 0.7% 0.5% 2.7% 2.7% Hyde Park 28,392 28,488 1.6% 1.8% 32.4% 43.3% 13.4% 22.3% 48.8% 29.5% 0.7% 1.0% 3.1% 2.1% Jamaica 36,293 35,401 5.1% 5.2% 13.9% 12.0% 24.9% 22.6% 52.9% 57.1% 0.6% 0.7% 2.5% 2.5% Plain Mattapan 27,815 25,562 1.0% 0.9% 81.9% 80.4% 7.1% 11.7% 4.8% 3.8% 0.7% 0.9% 4.5% 2.4% North 58,675 59,273 6.6% 6.6% 47.8% 44.0% 17.5% 22.6% 18.2% 17.1% 4.9% 5.7% 5.2% 3.8% Dorchester North End 6,401 6,915 1.3% 2.5% 0.4% 0.7% 2.0% 3.6% 95.1% 91.8% 0.2% 0.4% 1.1% 0.9% Roslindale 32,527 29,826 2.6% 2.7% 16.5% 21.3% 20.2% 25.9% 56.8% 47.1% 0.6% 0.9% 3.3% 2.2% Roxbury 34,665 40,527 3.1% 5.1% 51.1% 41.4% 24.4% 27.0% 13.5% 20.2% 4.0% 3.4% 4.0% 3.0% South 30,048 33,889 3.9% 4.9% 2.5% 4.6% 7.7% 9.9% 84.3% 78.8% 0.4% 0.5% 1.2% 1.2% Boston South 75,329 71,262 8.3% 9.8% 46.7% 45.8% 11.8% 14.7% 25.7% 22.7% 3.0% 3.6% 4.5% 3.5% Dorchester South End‡ 27,311 33,881 19.6% 21.2% 20.2% 15.8% 16.3% 15.5% 40.9% 45.0% 0.7% 0.6% 2.3% 1.9% West 24,058 25,861 4.1% 6.4% 2.1% 5.0% 3.5% 6.8% 88.6% 80.0% 0.4% 0.4% 1.4% 1.5% Roxbury * Includes American Indians/Alaskan Natives and Some Other Races † Includes Beacon Hill, Downtown, the North End, and the West End ‡ Includes Chinatown DATA SOURCES: Decennial Censuses 2000 and 2010, U.S.
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