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Pce Frente Al Psuc, 1936-19431 ————
HISPANIA. Revista Española de Historia, 2009, vol. LXIX, núm. 232, mayo-agosto, págs. 449-476, ISSN: 0018-2141 EL PESO DE LA HOZ Y EL MARTILLO: LA INTERNACIONAL COMUNISTA Y EL PCE FRENTE AL PSUC, 1936-19431 JOSEP PUIGSECH FARRÀS Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona RESUMEN: La Internacional Comunista (IC) y su sección nacional en España, el Partido Comunista de España (PCE), tuvieron que afrontar una de las situaciones más in- cómodas y excepcionales dentro del movimiento comunista internacional a causa de su relación con el Partido Socialista Unificado de Cataluña (PSUC). Las tensio- nes, enfrentamientos y anomalías que marcaron a estos protagonistas durante la Guerra Civil y los primeros años del exilio antifranquista pueden reconstruirse, fundamentalmente, a partir de los archivos soviéticos. Su relación cuestionó parte de los fundamentos estructurales sobre los que se basaba la maquinaria organizativa e ideológica de la IC y llegó a generar una problemática de dimensión estatal e inter- nacional sin precedentes en el resto de Europa. El enfrentamiento tuvo sus momentos cruciales en el propio nacimiento y funcionamiento independiente del PSUC respecto a la IC y el PCE hasta mediados de la Guerra Civil; el complejo modelo de conver- sión en un partido comunista que Moscú le aplicó durante la etapa final de la gue- rra; su sorprendente reconocimiento como sección oficial de la IC; y, finalmente, los constantes enfrentamientos entre partidarios y detractores de su sumisión al PCE durante el exilio. PALABRAS CLAVE: IC. PCE. PSUC. Unificados. Comunistas. Líneas de conversión. THE WEIGHT OF THE HAMMER AND SICKLE: THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL AND THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF SPAIN VERSUS THE UNIFIED SOCIALIST PARTY OF CATALO- NIA, 1936-1943 ———— Josep Puigsech Farràs es profesor en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. -
Guatemala, La República Española Y El Gobierno Vasco En El Exilio (1944-1954)
GUAT EM A L A , LA REPÚBLICA ESPAÑOLA Y EL GOBIERNO VASCO EN EL EXILIO (1944-1954) ENSAYOS 17 CENTRO PENINSULAR EN HUMANIDADES Y EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES Guatemala, la República Española y el Gobierno Vasco en el exilio (1944-1954) ARTURO TARACENA ARRIOLA Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mérida, 2017 Primera edición: 2017 Fecha de término de edición: 3 de noviembre de 2017 D. R. © 2017, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO Ciudad Universitaria. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Ciudad de México CENTRO PENINSULAR EN HUMANIDADES Y EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES Ex Sanatorio Rendón Peniche Calle 43 s. n., col. Industrial Mérida, Yucatán. C. P. 97150 Tels. 01 (999) 9 22 84 46 al 48 Fax: ext. 109 http://www.cephcis.unam.mx EL COLEGIO DE MICHOACÁN, A. C., 2017 Centro Público de Investigación Conacyt Martínez de Navarrete 505 Las Fuentes 59699 Zamora, Michoacán www.libreriacolmich.com Prohibida la reproducción parcial o total por cualquier medio sin la autorización del titular de los derechos patrimoniales ISBN UNAM 978-607-02-9907-0 ISBN COLMICH 978-607-544-002-6 Impreso y hecho en México A Antonio “El Cabrero”, por representar a esos republicanos anónimos, sin quienes la historia de la República Española no se entiende. A Rafaela de Buen i Lopez, Aurora Gené i Serrarols, José Míguez Fernández, Juan Lojo Romero e Irene y José Paiz Tejada por compar- tir sus testimonios. A José Félix y Constanza Azurmendi, que tam- bién saben de exilios. A Pierre Charasse, embajador de Francia, quien me dio la oportunidad de convertirme en historiador (in memoriam). A Tani Adams, quien fue cómplice en el naci- miento de esta investigación (in memoriam). -
The Splintering of Spain
This page intentionally left blank ii ii The Splintering of Spain This book explores the ideas and culture surrounding the cataclysmic civil war that engulfed Spain from 1936 to 1939. It features specially commissioned articles from leading historians in Spain, Britain and the USA which examine the complex interaction of national and local factors, contributing to the shape and course of the war. They argue that the ‘splintering of Spain’ resulted from the myriad cultural clea- vages of society in the 1930s. Thus, this book views the civil war less as a single great conflict between two easily identifiable sets of ideas, social classes or ways of life, than historians have previously done. The Spanish tragedy, at the level of everyday life, was shaped by many tensions, both those that were formally political and those that were to do with people’s perceptions and understanding of the society around them. CHRIS EALHAM is Senior Lecturer in History at Lancaster University. His previous publications include Policing the City: Class, Culture and Conflict in Barcelona, 1898–1937 (2005). MICHAEL RICHARDS is Senior Lecturer in Contemporary European History at the University of the West of England. His previous publica- tions include A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco’s Spain, 1936–1945 (1998). The Splintering of Spain Cultural History and the Spanish Civil War, 1936 –1939 Edited by Chris Ealham and Michael Richards cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521821780 © Cambridge University Press 2005 This publication is in copyright. -
The Spanish Communist Party in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Vol
The Defence of Madrid: The Spanish Communist Party in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), Vol. Amanda Marie Spencer Ph. D. History Department of History, University of Sheffield June 2006 i Contents: - List of plates iii List of maps iv Summary v Introduction 5 1 The PCE during the Second Spanish Republic 17 2 In defence of the Republic 70 3 The defence of Madrid: The emergence of communist hegemony? 127 4 Hegemony vs. pluralism: The PCE as state-builder 179 5 Hegemony challenged 229 6 Hegemony unravelled. The demise of the PCE 274 Conclusion 311 Appendix 319 Bibliography 322 11 Plates Between pp. 178 and 179 I PCE poster on military instruction in the rearguard (anon) 2a PCE poster 'Unanimous obedience is triumph' (Pedraza Blanco) b PCE poster'Mando Unico' (Pedraza Blanco) 3 UGT poster'To defend Madrid is to defend Cataluna' (Marti Bas) 4 Political Commissariat poster'For the independence of Spain' (Renau) 5 Madrid Defence Council poster'First we must win the war' (anon) 6a Political Commissariat poster Training Academy' (Canete) b Political Commissariat poster'Care of Arms' (anon) 7 lzquierda Republicana poster 'Mando Unico' (Beltran) 8 Madrid Defence Council poster'Popular Army' (Melendreras) 9 JSU enlistment poster (anon) 10 UGT/PSUC poster'What have you done for victory?' (anon) 11 Russian civil war poster'Have you enlisted as a volunteer?' (D.Moor) 12 Poster'Sailors of Kronstadt' (Renau) 13 Poster 'Political Commissar' (Renau) 14a PCE Popular Front poster (Cantos) b PCE Popular Front poster (Bardasano) iii Maps 1 Central Madrid in 1931 2 Districts of Madrid in 1931 2 3 Province of Madrid 3 4 District of Cuatro Caminos 4 iv Summary The role played by the Spanish Communist Party (Partido Comunista de Espana, PCE) during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39 remains controversial to this day. -
Lights and Shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia
Paul Preston Lights and shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Preston, Paul (2017) Lights and shadows in George Orwell's Homage to Catalonia. Bulletin of Spanish Studies. ISSN 1475-3820 DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2018.1388550 © 2017 The Author This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/85333/ Available in LSE Research Online: November 2017 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Lights and Shadows in George Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia PAUL PRESTON London School of Economics Despite its misleading title, Orwell’s Homage to Catalonia is almost certainly the most sold and most read book about the Spanish Civil War. It is a vivid and well-written account of some fragments of the war by an acute witness. -
3. DIRIGENTES CUADRO DE CLASIFICACIÓN 1 Acreditaciones 2
COLECCIONES AHPCE (1920-1977) 3. DIRIGENTES CUADRO DE CLASIFICACIÓN 1 Acreditaciones 2 Escritos 2-1 Biografías 2-2 Discursos, conferencias, homenajes 2-3 Colaboraciones para REI 2-4 Colaboraciones para Radio Praga 2-5 Notas y apuntes personales 2-6 Folletos y octavillas 2-7 Artículos 2-8 Informes 3 Correspondencia 4 Documentación política 4-1 Congresos, Plenos, Conferencias 4-2 Comité Central 4-3 Comité Ejecutivo 4-4 Conferencias Regionales 4-5 Relaciones con otros partidos 5 Prensa 6 Documentación personal 7 Otros materiales ÍNDICE ONOMÁSTICO (por orden alfabético) 3-1 ABADAL, PERE 3-2 ACEVEDO, Isidoro 3-75 ALIAGA, Serafín 3-3 ÁLVAREZ, Santiago 3-4 ÁLVAREZ, Segismundo 3-76 AMBOU, Juan 3-5 ANGUIANO, Daniel 3-6 ANTÓN, Francisco 3-77 ARCONADA, Felipe 3-78 ARDIACA, Pedro 3-79 ARROM, Gabriel (Gaspar Aribau) 3-7 ARROYO, Vicente 3-8 ASTIGARRABIA, Juan 3-9 AZCÁRATE, Manuel 3-81 BALAGUER, Luis 3-10 BALLESTEROS, Jaime 3-11 BARNETO, Saturnino 3-82 BARRIO, José del 3-12 BELTRÁN, Adriano 1 3-113 BOLÍVAR, Cayetano 3-83 BONIFACI, Josep 3-13 CALVET, María Dolores 3-14 CAMACHO, Marcelino 3-15 CARRILLO, Santiago 3-16 CARRO, Leandro 3-17 CASANELLAS, Ramón 3-85 CASTRO, Enrique 3-24 CAZCARRA, Vicente (Fabio Espinosa) 3-86 CIUTAT, Francisco 3-18 CLAUDÍN, Fernando 3-19 COMÍN, Alfonso Carlos 3-87 COMORERA, Joan 3-20 CORDÓN, Antonio 3-21 CHECA, Pedro 3-88 DELAGE, Luis 3-22 DELICADO, Manuel 3-23 DÍAZ, José 3-89 DIEGUEZ, Isidoro 3-90 ERRANDONEA, Cristóbal 3-91 FALCÓN, Irene 3-25 FERNÁNDEZ INGUANZO, Horacio 3-92 FUSIMAÑA, José 3-26 GALLEGO, Ignacio 3-93 GARCÍA, -
Casanova, Julían, the Spanish Republic and Civil
This page intentionally left blank The Spanish Republic and Civil War The Spanish Civil War has gone down in history for the horrific violence that it generated. The climate of euphoria and hope that greeted the over- throw of the Spanish monarchy was utterly transformed just five years later by a cruel and destructive civil war. Here, Julián Casanova, one of Spain’s leading historians, offers a magisterial new account of this crit- ical period in Spanish history. He exposes the ways in which the Republic brought into the open simmering tensions between Catholics and hard- line anticlericalists, bosses and workers, Church and State, order and revolution. In 1936, these conflicts tipped over into the sacas, paseos and mass killings that are still passionately debated today. The book also explores the decisive role of the international instability of the 1930s in the duration and outcome of the conflict. Franco’s victory was in the end a victory for Hitler and Mussolini, and for dictatorship over democracy. julián casanova is Professor of Contemporary History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. He is one of the leading experts on the Second Republic and the Spanish Civil War and has published widely in Spanish and in English. The Spanish Republic and Civil War Julián Casanova Translated by Martin Douch CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521493888 © Julián Casanova 2010 This publication is in copyright. -
THE SPANISH LEFT: ILLUSION and REALITY Lorenzo Torres
THE SPANISH LEFT: ILLUSION AND REALITY Lorenzo Torres THE present crisis of the Spanish Left-and it is a real crisis we shall be discassing-is the result of a whole series of complex prob- lems, international as well as national. By national we mean primarily the growing lack of agreement between the policies and political activity of the parties of the traditional Left, and the actual situation in Spain. By international we refer to the crisis in the international workers' movement-the crisis of Stalinism, the Russo-Chinese con- troversy, the degeneration of Social-Democracy-all of which find an echo among the membership of the Spanish Workers' organiza- tions. These two sets of problems naturally interact one with the other. Within Spain. despite the present confusion, we are beginning to see emerge new critical forces, from within which a new socialist policy may come. That is the hope: of a programme for the future that will be based on Spanish and international realities and no longer on the out of date anti-Franco-ist dreams and disreputable compromises. The terrible defeat of 1939 naturally has taken many years before its effects have been overcome, even though a considerable number of working class leaders succeeded in escaping abroad. They, and the nucleus in Spain itself which in one way or another managed to escape being shot or imprisoned, rested all their hopes upon the defeat of Nazism and international Fascism. In 1945, on the morrow of the liberation of Europe from Fascism, the whole world seemed con- vinced that the Franco ri5gime would soon suffer a similar fate. -
«Tierpenec». La Construcción Táctica Del «Infiltracionismo» Del PCE *
«Tierpenec». La construcción táctica del «infiltracionismo» del PCE * «Tierpenec». The tactical construction of «infiltracionismo» in the PCE MIGUEL MUÑOZ RUBIO ASIHF. Paseo de las Delicias 61, 28045 Madrid. [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0001-9726-910X Recibido/Aceptado: 06-03/2019/16-07-2019 Cómo citar: MUÑOZ RUBIO, Miguel, “«Tierpenec». La construcción táctica del «infiltracionismo» del PCE”, en Investigaciones Históricas, época moderna y contemporánea, 39 (2019), pp. 645-702. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24197/ihemc.39.2019.645-702 Resumen: Tras haber acudido durante los primeros años del régimen de Franco a la infiltración en los Sindicatos Verticales, la reorganización del Partido Comunista de España (PCE) en 1942 trajo consigo la sustitución de esta táctica por la recuperación de las organizaciones sindicales históricas. Sin embargo, en 1948 la organización dio un nuevo giro que le llevó a recuperar la infiltración como mecanismo central de actuación política, siendo el análisis de las razones que lo provocaron el segundo objetivo del artículo. En este se aborda, por último, el estudio del desarrollo de dicha táctica, diferenciando entre una primera etapa caracterizada por la división que surgió dentro de su equipo dirigente al respecto de su aplicación y una segunda durante la cual esta acabará consolidándose y dando lugar a la constitución de Comisiones Obreras. Palabras clave: Movimiento obrero; PCE; España; Segunda Guerra Mundial. Abstract: After having made use of the tactic of infiltration in the Sindicatos Verticales during the first years of Franco regime, the reorganization of the Spanish Communist Party (PCE) in 1942 brought with it the replacement of this tactic by the recovery of historical trade union organizations. -
How the NKVD Framed the POUM
How the NKVD framed the POUM An extract of the memoirs of Jesús Hernández, a leading member of the Spanish Communist Party and minister in the republican government during the Spanish civil war, explaining how Soviet secret police framed and persecuted the anti-Stalinist communist group the POUM during the conflict. Marxists.org editor’s note Hernández was a leading member in the Spanish Communist Party (PCE) during the Spanish Civil War and served as one of the two communist ministers in the Spanish republican government. After the war he challenged the Dolores Ibárruri (La Pasionaria) party leadership and was expelled from the party (1944). After the break between Stalin and Tito he sided with Tito. During the rest of his active life, he worked at the Yugoslav embassy in Mexico City. He died in 1971. The following text is taken from the memoirs of Jesús Hernández, published in 1953 in Mexico as Yo fuí un ministro de Stalin (I Was a Minister of Stalin). The memoirs have never been translated in full to english. The sections reproduced below are about the stalinist persecution and suppression of the POUM. They were originally serialised during 1953 in Labor Action, the US socialist paper published by Max Shachtman’s Workers Party. The translation has been checked against the Spanish text and amended. Notes have been added. How the NKVD framed the POUM WHEN I ARRIVED at the ministry, Cimorra handed me a small closed envelope.[1] Inside was a card. I read: ‘Dear friend: If you have nothing more important to do, I expect you for tea at six in the evening. -
The Routes to Exile: France and the Spanish Civil War Refugees, 1939
The routes to exile Edited by Mark Greengrass and Pamela Pilbeam This series is published in collaboration with the UK Society for the Study of French History. It aims to showcase innovative short monographs relating to the history of the French, in France and in the world since c.1750. Each volume speaks to a theme in the history of France with broader resonances to other discourses about the past. Authors demonstrate how the sources and interpretations of modern French history are being opened to historical investigation in new and interesting ways, and how unfamiliar subjects have the capacity to tell us more about the role of France within the European continent. The series is particularly open to interdisciplinary studies that break down the traditional boundaries and conventional disciplinary divisions. Titles already published in this series Catholicism and children’s literature in France: The comtesse de Ségur (1799–1874) Sophie Heywood The routes to exile France and the Spanish Civil War refugees, 1939–2009 SCOTT SOO Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed in the United States exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan Copyright © Scott Soo 2013 The right of Scott Soo to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by Manchester University Press Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk Distributed in the United States exclusively by -
The Communists and the Liberation of Europe
University of Central Florida STARS PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements 1-1-1945 The Communists and the liberation of Europe Maxine Levi Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Book is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Levi, Maxine, "The Communists and the liberation of Europe" (1945). PRISM: Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements. 455. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/prism/455 THE COMMUNISTS AND THE LIBERATION OF EUROPE By MAXINE LEVI NEW CENTURY PUBLISHERS NEW YORK Published by NEW CENTURY PUBLISHERS, INC., 832 Broadway. New York 3, N. Y., March, 1945. ~ '209 PRINTED IN U.S.A. CONTENTS I TRODUCTION ................ 5 YUGOSLAVIA: PARTISANS TRIUMPHANT 9 GREECE: FIRST SERIOUS DEPARTURE FROM THE TEHERAN CONCORD 15 I'RANCE: GREATNESS REGAINED 25 lTALY: TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF ANTI-FASCIST STRUGGLE ... 35 SPAIN: "IT IS BETfER TO DIE ON YOUR FEET THAN TO LIVE ON YOUR KNEES" . 43 AGREEMENTS AND CONFLICTS: BELGIUM ELSEWHERE IN WESTERN EUROPE POLAND .. 53 THE FORMER SATELLITES 55 AUSTRIA .... 58 CZECHOSLOVAKIA 59 E PLURIBUS UNUM 62 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Maxine Levi, [he author of this pamphlet, is a graduate of Barnard College and was a leader of the World Student Asso ciation. She travelled extensively, specializing in foreign affairs, and is at present a member of the Foreign Department of the Daily W O1' /<er.