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V. References & Index S T E E L P A N T U N I N G V. REFERENCES AND INDEX References Ad Hoc Specification Committee on Steel Pan (1989): ”Proposal for a Trinidad and Tobago Standard - Glossary of Terms Relating to the Steel Pan. TTS 1 45 000.”, Trinidad and Tobago Bureau of Standards. Alexis, C., O’Connor, A. & Rossing, T. (1986): ”Tonal design and tuning of Caribbean steel drums”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 80. No. Sup.1, pp. S102. Borde, P. (1973): ”The Sounds of Trinidad; the Development of the Steel Drum Bands”, Black Perspective, Vol. I. No. 1, pp. 45-49. Caribbean Quarterly. Vol. 4, nos. 3 - 4. Fletcher, N. (1978): ”Mode locking in nonlinearly excited inharmonic musical oscillators”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 64. No. 6, pp. 1566-69. Fletcher, N. (1985): ”Nonlinear frequency shifts in quasispherical- cap shells: Pitch glide in Chinese gongs”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 78. No. 6, pp. 2069-73. Fletcher, N. (1986): ”Nonlinearities in Musical Acoustics”, Acoustics Australia, Vol. 14. No. 3, pp. 72-74. Fletcher, N & Rossing, T. (1991): ”The Physics of Musical Instruments”, ISBN 0-387-96947-0. Springer-Verlag, New York. Gibson, G. (1986): ”Ellie Mannette on the beginnings of pan in Trinidad”, Percussive Notes, Vol. 24(4). No. 34, pp. 36-37. Goddard, George (1991): ”Forty Years in the Steelbands. 1939-1979.” Edited by Roy D. Thomas. Karia Press, 41 Rheola Close, London N17 9 TR. ISBN 1-85465-034-3 Pb. Hampton, C., Alexis, C. & Rossing, T. (1987): ”Note Coupling in Caribbean Steel Drums”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 82. No. Sup.1, pp. S68. Hansen U. & Rossing, T. (1987): ”Modal Analysis of a Caribbean Steel Drum”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 82. No. Sup.1, pp. S68. Hansen U., Hampton, S. & Rossing, T. (1989): ”Acoustics of Caribbean Steel Drums”, 13th International Congress on Acoustics. 170 R E F E R E N C E S A N D I N D E X Yugoslavia. 1989., pp. 41-44. Kronman, U. & Jansson, E. (1988): ”Acoustics of the Steelpan; Tone Generation and Tuning – An Introductory Study of Methods for Measurements.”, STL-QPSR, No. 4/1988, pp. 59-73. Malm, K (1988): ”The African Heritage in the Trinidad Steelband and its Music”. Conference manuscript for the ITCM colloquium in Havanna. Morin, Francine L. (1988): ”A Descriptive Study of a Canadian Elementary Educator’s Experience with the Trinidad Tradition of Steelband”, University of North Dakota. O’Connor A. (Ed.) (1981): ”Steel Drums - Pan, heartbeat of a nation”, Percussive Notes, Vol. 19. No. 3, pp. 54-60. Rossing, T. (1976): ”Acoustics of percussion instruments, part I”, The Physics Teacher, Vol. 14, pp. 546-55. Rossing, T. (1977): ”Acoustics of percussion instruments, part II”, The Physics Teacher, Vol. 15, pp. 278-88. Rossing, T. (1982): ”Chimes and bells”, Percussive Notes, Vol. 19. No. 3, pp. 42-57. Rossing, T. (1982): ”Nonlinear effects in Percussion instruments”, Percussive Notes, Vol. 19. No. 3, pp. 68-72. Rossing, T. & Fletcher, N. (1983): ”Nonlinear vibrations in plates and gongs”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 17. No. 1, pp. 345-51. Rossing, T. & Peterson R. (1982): ”Vibrations of Plates, Gongs and Cymbals”, Percussive Notes, Vol. 19. No. 3. Rossing, T. & Shepherd, R. (1982): ”Vibrational Modes of Plates and Cymbals”, Proc. of the 1st internat. conf. on Modal Analysis, Orlando. 1982. Rossing, T. & Shepherd, R. B. (1983): ”Acoustics of Cymbals”, 11e ICA, pp. 329 - 333. Rossing, T., Hampton, S. & Boverman, J. (1986): ”Acoustics of Caribbean Steel Drums”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 80. No. Sup.1, pp. S102. Sandiford, Simeon L. (1987): ”Steel Bands of Trinidad and Tobago” - An information folder included with the CD-album F/CD 8201 from Delos International Inc., 2210 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 664, Santa Monica, CA 90403. Sealey, J. & Malm K. (1982): ”Music in the Caribbean”, Hodder & Stoughton. London. Seeger, P. (1964): ”Steel drums - how to play them and make them”, Oak. Publ. New York. 171 S T E E L P A N T U N I N G A centre 18 double second 122 cents 91 double tenor 25, 118 abutment 74 Index channel 166 drum 166 acid bath 59 chisel 39 drumsticks 63 acoustic coupling 113 chromatic scale 138 dudup 11 acoustic energy 97, 99 chroming 61 dustbins 10, 11 acoustic impedance 97 chromium 58, 59, 61 Ad Hoc Specification circle of fifths 114 E Committee on Steel Pan circumference 110 electrical currents 60 77 coarse tuning 45 electrical field 60 address 167 cold-hardening 95 electrical oven 76 air 42 collapsable drums 70 electrodes 60 air pressure 106 collapsable stand 62 electrolytic 60 Alexander’s Ragtime Band compass 18 electrolytic basin 60 10 complex tone 79 electrolytic solution 59 Clifford Alexis 140, 142 compressive tension 103 electroplate 59 alto 118 concave 101, 166 elliptical 51 amplifier 70 concert 62 ergonomy 104 anneal 40, 95 contact time 109 exitation 108 anodes 60 conversion diagram 112 anti-nodes 82 conversion table 112, 163 F arch 28, 50, 166 convex 47, 166 Denzil Fernandez 67, 68, 73, arch shape 101 cooling 42, 96 74, 97, 98, 100 area 100, 103 corrosion 24 fifths-and-fourths 113 B corrugated 16 file 39 cracks 22 fine tuning 58 backing 28 fire 40 backing hammer 155 crafting 94 crowbar 45, 47, 54, 159 fireplace 41 bar instruments 84 flageolet 52, 88 baritone 135 crystal structure 94 crystals 40 flat fold 15 beatings 56 Carlton Forde 10 bending iron 159 cutlass 39, 47, 159 cutting 39 four pan 71, 129 biscuit tins 10, 11 frequency 48, 51, 79 blending 61 cylindrical arch 101 cymbal stand 62 fundamental 43, 48, 61, 64, boom 11 81, 82, 87, 103, 109 bore pan 31, 67, 97 cymbals 93 bore-reed pan 69 D G brake drums 13 dB 78 galvanised iron 16 brush 42 decibels 78 gauge 16, 163 buckling 48 definition 164 gongs 93 C dent 49, 166 grinding 59 Department for Industrial groove 67, 97, 166 calcinated soda 59 groove area 100 cannon ball 19, 155 Engineering 76 Desperadoes Steelband 72 groove width 98 car tyre 41 grooving 31, 69, 97 car wax 59 diameter 18 diminished chord 135 grooving hammer 31, 156 carbon 16, 22, 40, 93, 95 grooving impact 98 Caribbean Industrial Re- disharmonic 52 search Institute 75 dissonant 91 CARIRI 75, 168 distortion 90 carnival 62 double groove 106, 118 cast iron 155 double guitar pan 132 172 R E F E R E N C E S A N D I N D E X H Elliot Manette 11, 122 P hacksaw 26 manganese 93 paint 42, 59 hardening 40, 95 marking 25 pan models 164 hardness 108 marks 18 Pan Trinbago 7, 77, 168 harmonic 52 mas 11 partials 43, 50, 52, 61, 80, 82, harmonic partials 87 Lawrence Mayers 13, 69, 102, 105 harmonic series 80 110, 115, 120, 124 percussion instruments 83 harmonic tone 82, 105 measurements 88, 91 period time 109 harmonic tones 80 measures 110 Phase II Steelband 71 harmonics 38, 43 measuring-tape 110 ping-pong 11, 113 Hertz 56, 79 membrane 84 pitch 43, 48, 79, 81, 100, 145 higher partials 88 metal 93 plastic deformation 103 history 10 Metal Industries Corporation plate 84 holes 22, 57 Ltd. 75, 95, 169 plate-shears 39 Ray Holman 9 metal thickness 163 plug 17 hooks 62 MIC 73, 75, 95, 169 press form sinking 76 humidity 59 microphone 70 press-form 95 hypothesis 91 millimetres 112 professional tuner 167 Hz 79 milliseconds 91 protective gloves 20 mm 112 punch 156 I moulds 21 idiophone 85 ms 91 Q inch 112 musical scale 79 quadrophonic pan 25, 71, indentions 17 105, 126 interval 52 N Invader style 132 nail-punch 31, 69, 156 R Invaders Steelband 11 name 167 racks 62 iron 11, 13 naming 164 radial 54, 166 National Steelband Music radial grooves 110 J Festival 66 radius 18 jazz 102 nine bass 143 reconditioning 17 jigsaw 39 node line 87 research 76, 78, 86 Herman Johnson 113 nodes 82 research committee on pan non-linear 85, 101, 103, 109 75 L non-linear effects 92 research project 124 large second 122 non-linearity 90 resonance 68, 82 latex tubing 65 normal modes 82, 87 resonator 40 lathe 75 note 166 reverb 106 layout 26, 104 note layout 104 reverberation 108 length 100, 103 note shape 36, 100 rim 15 levelling 35, 37 note size 98, 145 rocket pan 72 Lincoln Enterprises Ltd. 169 O round fold 15 linoleum 26 Royal Institute of Technolo- loudness 61, 78 octave 45, 51, 87, 103 gy 86 loudspeaker 88 oil 41, 42 rubber 44, 63, 64 low tenor 114 oil drum 11 rubber sheets 65 lowering 19 oil drums 11 Rudolph Charles Pan onset 89 Innovation Award 66 M over-sized tenor 71 ruler 110 magnetic 50 overtone generation 102 rust 16, 24, 42, 59 major chord 126, 129 overtones 38, 50, 81, 103 rust-eater 60 major chords 138 oxidation 40, 95 major second 105 oxygen 42 Krister Malm 9 173 S T E E L P A N T U N I N G S stretching 103 weight 163 sand blasting 59 string 83 welding 23 score 43 supporting strings 57 width 100 Peter Seeger 7 suppressive tension 103 Anthony Williams 113 wooden wedge 47 semitone interval 105 T shaping 23 tamboo bamboo 10 X shell 85 tangential 54, 166 xylophones 84 shot-put 19, 155 tangential length 111 Winston Simon 11 tempering 39, 70, 76, 95 Z sine wave 90, 92 templates 26, 74 zinc 59 sinker 15 ten bass 71 sinkers 13 tenor 29, 57, 105, 114, 122 sinking 17, 96, 133, 138, 141, tenor bass 138 143 tension 85, 102, 103 sinking sledge-hammer 154 tensions 39, 45, 94, 95 sinking templates 146 theoretical models 78 six bass 140 thickness 16, 94, 163 skirt 106, 166 tighten 54 slack 40, 47 tilted 143 small second 122 timbre 43, 51, 58, 61, 79, 103, smith guitar pan 132 108 Rudy Smith 13, 110, 118, tone generation 101, 103 120, 124, 132, 133, 136, transport 70 142, 161 Trinidad 118 smoothing 24, 38 Trinidad and Tobago Bureau smoothing hammer 156 of Standards 77, 168 soap 42 triple cello pan 135 softening 45, 46, 70, 73 truck tyre 44 soot 42 tubing 63 soprano 113 tuning 52, 103 sound 78 tuning device 43, 58, 160 sound pressure level 78 tuning hammers
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