Perkembangan Musik Hip-Hop Di Indonesia (1993-2018)

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Perkembangan Musik Hip-Hop Di Indonesia (1993-2018) BEAT, RIMA, DAN PERLAWANAN: PERKEMBANGAN MUSIK HIP-HOP DI INDONESIA (1993-2018) Muhammad Fadhil Setiawan 4415161671 Skripsi ini Disusun untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA 2021 ABSTRAK MUHAMMAD FADHIL SETIAWAN. Beat, Rima, dan Perlawanan: Perkembangan Musik Hip-hop di Indonesia (1993-2018). Skripsi. Jakarta : Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2021. Skripsi ini mengkaji tentang proses masuk dan berkembangnya musik Hip-hop di Indonesia. Musik Hip-hop atau musik Rap merupakan sebuah aliran musik perkembangan dari kebudayaan Hip-hop, yaitu sebuah kebudayaan yang dimaknai sebagai kultur gerakan yang muncul di Amerika serikat pada tahun 1970-an. Skripsi Ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tentang bagaimana proses masuknya musik Hip-hop ke Indonesia. Skripsi Ini juga membahas mengenai perkembangan musik Hip-hop di Indonesia sejak awal kemunculannya pada tahun 1993 sampai tahun 2018 pada saat karya dari musisi Hip-hop Indonesia Rich Brian berhasil diterima pada jenjang Internasional. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode historis dengan teknik penulisan deskriptif naratif. Sumber yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini berupa sumber arsip, pustaka, dan lisan. Sumber arsip yang digunakan adalah surat kabar dan majalah yang membahas tentang musik Hip-hop di Indonesia. Sumber pustaka yang digunakan adalah buku-buku yang berhubungan mengenai musik khususnya musik Hip-hop di Indonesia. Sumber lisan yang digunakan adalah wawancara dengan para pelaku musik Hip-hop indonesia dan pengamat musik. Hasil skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa musik Hip-hop masuk ke Indonesia pada pertengahan dekade 1980 melalui tren tari kejang. Namun lahirnya musik Hip-hop di Indonesia terjadi pada tahun 1993 pada saat rapper Iwa K merilis album musik Hip-hop pertama di Indonesia yang berjudul “Ku Ingin Kembali”. Dua album pertama Iwa K dan tiga album kompilasi musik Hip-hop “Pesta Rap” memiliki peran besar dalam populernya musik Hip-hop di kalangan anak muda Indonesia pada tahun 90-an. Memasuki dekade 2000-an musik Hip-hop sempat mengalami penurunan popularitas sebagai musik mainstream, namun berkembang sebagai musik bawah tanah dengan munculnya musisi dan komunitas Hip-hop di kota-kota besar Indonesia. Berkat semakin majunya teknologi dalam dunia musik Musik Hip-hop di Indonesia memasuki puncak tertingginya pada tahun 2018, melalui rapper Rich Brian yang karyanya berhasil diterima di kalangan Internasional. Kata Kunci: Musik Hip-hop, Musik Rap, Indonesia, Iwa K, Pesta Rap. i ABSTRACT MUHAMMAD FADHIL SETIAWAN. Beat, Rima, dan Perlawanan: Perkembangan Musik Hip-hop di Indonesia (1993-2018). Thesis. Jakarta : History Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, State University of Jakarta, 2021. This thesis examines the process of how Hip-hop music entered and developed in Indonesia. Hip-hop music or rap music is a music genre resulting from the development of Hip-hop culture, which is a culture that is interpreted as a movement culture that emerged in the United States in the 1970s. This thesis aims to learn about the process of the entry of Hip-hop music into Indonesia. This thesis also discusses the development of Hip-hop music in Indonesia since its beginning in 1993 to 2018 when the work of Indonesian Hip-hop musician Rich Brian was accepted at the international level. This thesis uses a historical method with a narrative descriptive writing technique. The sources used in this thesis are archives, libraries, and oral sources. The archive sources used are newspapers and magazines that contain Hip-hop music in Indonesia. The library sources used are books related to music, especially Hip-hop music in Indonesia. Oral sources used are interviews with Indonesian Hip-hop musicians and a music observer. The results of this thesis show that Hip-hop music entered Indonesia in the mid-1980s through the trend of breakdancing. However, the birth of Hip-hop music in Indonesia occurred in 1993 when rapper Iwa K released the first Hip-hop album in Indonesia, entitled "Ku Ingin Kembali". Iwa K's first two albums and three Hip-hop compilation albums “Pesta Rap” played a major role in the popularity of Hip-hop music among Indonesian youth in the 90s. Entering the 2000s, Hip-hop music had experienced a decline in popularity as mainstream music, but developed as underground music with the emergence of Hip-hop musicians and communities in major cities of Indonesia. Thanks to the advancement of technology in the world of music, Hip-hop music in Indonesia entered its highest peak in 2018, through rapper Rich Brian,, whose work was accepted by international audiences. Keywords: Hip-hop music, Rap music, Iwa K, Indonesia, Pesta Rap ii KEMENTERIAN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA UPT PERPUSTAKAAN Jalan Rawamangun Muka Jakarta 13220 Telepon/Faksimili: 021-4894221 Laman: lib.unj.ac.id LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Sebagai sivitas akademika Universitas Negeri Jakarta, yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya: Nama : NIM : Fakultas/Prodi : Alamat email : Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, menyetujui untuk memberikan kepada UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Hak Bebas Royalti Non-Eksklusif atas karya ilmiah: Skripsi Tesis Disertasi Lain-lain (……………………………) yang berjudul : Dengan Hak Bebas Royalti Non-Ekslusif ini UPT Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Jakarta berhak menyimpan, mengalihmediakan, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data (database), mendistribusikannya, dan menampilkan/mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain secara fulltext untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis/pencipta dan atau penerbit yang bersangkutan. Saya bersedia untuk menanggung secara pribadi, tanpa melibatkan pihak Perpustakaan Universitas Negeri Jakarta, segala bentuk tuntutan hukum yang timbul atas pelanggaran Hak Cipta dalam karya ilmiah saya ini. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Jakarta, 23 Februari 2021 Penulis Muhammad Fadhil Setiawan MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN “Bersabarlah dalam gelap, karena fajar akan segera menyingsing” - Jalaluddin Rumi “Love will keep us through blinding of the eyes, silence in the ears, darkness of the mind” -Frank Ocean Skripsi ini saya persembahkan untuk Ibu, Ayah, Nenek, Kakak, dan Adik saya, yang kasih sayangnya lebih luas dari semsesta. v KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat serta hidayahnya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Skripsi yang berjudul “Beat, Rima, dan Perlawanan: Perkembangan Musik Hip-hop di Indonesia (1993-2018)” ini ditujukan sebagai salah satu syarat kelulusan guna mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Pendidikan di Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada: 1. Dr. Umasih, M.Hum, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Jakarta. 2. Humaidi, M.Hum., selaku Koordinator Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Negeri Jakarta dan juga selaku Dosen Pembimbing I skripsi yang telah meluangkan waktunya untuk mengarahkan dan membimbing penulis dengan penuh kesabaran dan selalu memberikan motivasi dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini. 3. Sri Martini, S.S., M.Hum, selaku Dosen Pembimbing II skripsi yang dengan kebaikan dan kemurahan hatinya turut membimbing penulis dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini 4. .Tim Dosen Penguji yang terdiri dari Drs. M. Fakhruddin, M.Si, Dr. Nurzengky Ibrahim, MM, dan Drs. Abrar, M.Hum 5. Dosen-dosen Pendidikan Sejarah FIS, UNJ tercinta yang pernah penulis ikuti perkuliahannya. Terima kasih atas segala ilmu dan pelajaran yang vi pernah diberikan. Semoga Tuhan membalas semua jasa-jasa kalian. Terima kasih juga untuk Mas Budi Anwar selaku staff admin prodi yang banyak membantu penulis dalam berbagai urusan administrasi akademis selama ini. 6. Ibuku, mentariku, Ibu Solihat, atas segala doa, tenaga, dan kasih sayang yang telah diberikan untuk penulis dari lahir hingga saat ini. Sampai kapan pun, penulis tidak akan pernah bisa membalas semua jasamu. Ayahku, pahlawanku, Rojid Setiawan yang telah lebih dahulu meninggalkan penulis. Semoga Ayah tenang di alam sana, maaf penulis belum sempat membanggakan Ayah. Nenekku, Emah Epon, salah satu perempuan paling hebat sedunia, terima kasih atas segala yang telah diberikan. Kakakku, Ganes Farhan Anjani Setiawan, dan adikku, Fajar Fazry Satria Setiawan, Walaupun kita terkadang kurang akur, kalian tahu penulis sayang kalian. 7. Para narasumber yang telah membantu penulis. Para narasumber yang telah membantu penulis dalam memberikan informasi terkait penelitian. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Kang Iwa K, Kak Yacko, Mas Masaru Riupassa dan Mas Bens Leo yang dengan rendah hati telah bersedia untuk meluangkan waktunya memberikan informasi yang sangat berharga untuk penelitian ini. 8. Teman-teman Pendidikan Sejarah, baik yang dekat maupun kurang dekat (bahkan tidak dekat sama sekali) telah menemani dalam senang dan sedih selama menempuh studi di Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Kepada semua teman-teman Sejarah angkatan 2016, terutama kelas A. Teman-teman “A vii En Je A Ye”; Anang, Anggas, Imam, Adis, Afifah, Alifa, Juana, Putut, Tomi, Reva, Hani, Farah, Desi, Hamdan, Ninda, Prana. Teman-teman “Donatur Kampus” dan “Sotoy.co”; Farhan Nugraha, Bayu Aji, Fatkhur, Fiqri, Ilham, Hermon, Zhiyah, Nisyu, Rizki Ade, Dandi, Frizki, Nurul, Citra,
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