IEE: India: SH-45: Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon Project Road, Madhya Pradesh State Roads Project

Home , Amarpatan, Bhander, Bhind district, Chirgaon, Daboh, Datia District

Environmental Assessment Report

Initial Environmental Examination for SH-45: Mihona–Lahar–Daboh–Bhander–Chirgaon Project Road Project Number: 43063 November 2010

IND: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Project III

Prepared by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Table of Contents Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………vii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Project Background/Rationale ...... 1 1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment ...... 2 1.3. Purpose of the Study ...... 2 1.4. Extent of IEE ...... 3 1.5. IEE Content ...... 3 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ...... 3 1.7. Methodology ...... 3 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources ...... 4 1.7.2. Public Consultation ...... 5 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 6 2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 6 2.2. Environmental Clearance Process ...... 7 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework ...... 9 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 10 3.1. Project Location ...... 10 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road ...... 11 3.3. Category of the Project ...... 15 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project ...... 16 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic ...... 16 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities ...... 17 3.7. Material required and Sourcing ...... 24 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost ...... 26 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 26 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate ...... 28 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality ...... 29 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology ...... 30 4.1.4. Geology/Soil ...... 31 4.1.5. Seismicity and Hazard ...... 33 4.1.6. Land use ...... 34 4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 34 4.1.8. Groundwater ...... 35 4.1.9. Surface water ...... 36 4.2. Ecological Resources ...... 37 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 37 4.2.2. Fauna ...... 41 4.2.3. Aquatic Ecology ...... 46 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment ...... 47 4.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities ...... 48 4.4. Social and Cultural Resources ...... 49 4.4.1. Population and Communities ...... 49 4.4.2. Literacy ...... 50 4.4.3. Occupational Status ...... 51 4.4.4. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples ...... 52 ii

4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance ...... 52 5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 53 5.1.1. Climate ...... 53 5.1.2. Natural Hazard ...... 54 5.1.3. Air Quality ...... 54 5.1.4. Noise ...... 55 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil ...... 57 5.1.6. Groundwater ...... 60 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies ...... 60 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 62 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment ...... 62 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 62 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 70 5.2.3. Fauna ...... 71 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste ...... 71 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact ...... 72 5.4.1. Positive Impacts ...... 72 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts ...... 72 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic ...... 75 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials ...... 76 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact ...... 78 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 79 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed ...... 79 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ...... 79 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments ...... 82 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM 85 7.1. Environmental Management Plan ...... 85 7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP)85 7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan ...... 85 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) ...... 85 7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator ...... 86 7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP ...... 87 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement ...... 87 7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building ...... 91 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 93 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 95 8.1. Conclusions ...... 95 8.2. Key Recommendations: ...... 96

List of Tables Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project ...... 1 Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources ...... 4 Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project ...... 6 Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details ...... 11 Table 3.2 : Road Stretches for Reconstruction ...... 13 Table 3.3 : List of Major and Minor Intersections ...... 14 Table 3.4 : ADT of Project Road ...... 17 Table 3.5 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road ...... 17 iii

Table 3.6 : Details of Existing Carriage Way with Widening Proposal ...... 19 Table 3.7 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain ...... 20 Table 3.8 : Crash Barrier Location ...... 21 Table 3.9 : Lighting ...... 22 Table 3.10 : Bus Stop Locations ...... 22 Table 3.11 : Stone Pitching ...... 23 Table 3.12 : List of Borrow Area ...... 25 Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts ...... 27 Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall data (mm) in the project districts for the last five years ...... 29 Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) ...... 30 Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB (A) Along the Project Corridor ...... 30 Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road ...... 33 Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State ...... 34 Table 4.7 : Chainage wise landuse pattern along the project road...... 34 Table 4.8 : Catchment area of major tributaries ...... 35 Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor ...... 36 Table 4.10 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor ...... 36 Table 4.11 : Surface Water Quality of the river in project area ...... 37 Table 4.12 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area ...... 39 Table 4.13 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area ...... 42 Table 4.14 : List of reptiles found in the study area ...... 42 Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area ...... 43 Table 4.16 : Trees along Project Road (within 20m width) ...... 44 Table 4.17 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country ...... 49 Table 4.18 : List of villages in the project road ...... 50 Table 5.1 : Noise-Sensitive Locations along the Alignment ...... 56 Table 5.2 : List of Trees Cut ...... 63 Table 5.3 : List of Common Property Resources Very close/within Corridor ...... 77 Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation held with various Government Departments ...... 80 Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs ...... 81 Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community ...... 82 Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations ...... 88 Table 7.2 Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II ...... 92

List of Figures Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India ...... 8 Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies ...... 9 Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-45 ...... 10 Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road ...... 11 Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road ...... 18 Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 28 Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map ...... 33 Figure 4.3 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 38 Figure 4.4 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh ...... 42 Figure 4.5 Demographic Status of the Project Section ...... 50 Figure 4.6 : Literacy rate along the project section ...... 51 Figure 4.7 : Occupational status Along the Alignment ...... 52 Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation ...... 90 List of Appendix Appendix 3.1: Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges ...... 98 Appendix 3.2 : Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ...... 99

Appendix 3.3: Details of Chainage-wise Existing and Proposed Design Speed and Curve Radius ...... 103 Appendix 4.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 105 Appendix 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India ...... 106 Appendix 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991) ...... 107 Appendix 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979) ...... 110 Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management ...... 111 Appendix 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-45: Mihona-Daboh-Bhander- Chirgaon 85.70 km) ...... 115 Appendix 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators ...... 137

Map 1: Location Map of MP State Highways Project

Map 2: Location Map of SH-45 Mihona-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon Project Road vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction 1. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 2. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 3. To address this problem, Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010.The project also includes the institutional strengthening of the road sector under separate TA 7198(IND) which will enhance EA’s capacity for road asset development and management.

Description of Project 4. The proposed upgrading/rehabilitation of the State Highway-45: Mihona-Lahar- Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon Sub-project, one of the 15 state highway subprojects, is divided into two sections, the Mihona-Bhander section in Bhind-Datia district covering 71.0 kms, and ending at Chirgaon (U.P. border) in Datia district covering 14.7 kms. The subproject will upgrade the existing bad to very bad road condition into a paved 2-lane divided carriageway configuration with improved road geometry, proper and adequate embankment, rehabilitation of existing bridges, adequate cross drainage structures and side drains, improvement of junctions/intersections, underpasses, and way side amenities. This road design will be adequate to cater to the volume of traffic until 2030 which is predicted to increase from the current range of 1305-1500 to 1929-9612 vehicles (average annual daily traffic). The sub-project will be implemented in 18-24 months with an estimated cost of INR 1143 Million. 5. The sub-project was classified as Category-B as provided in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) based on screening of likely impacts and sub-project location which does not pass through or located near any national park, wildlife sanctuary, or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No

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archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. Under the EIA Notification, 2006 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the subproject is categorised as Category ‘B” and does not require prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)1. 6. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report and sub-project details provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross- drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area impact zone is considered up to 7 km on both sides of road alignment to allow for a larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features.

Description of Environment 7. The Sub-Project passes through two districts – Bhind and Datia. The climate is characterized by a hot summer and general dryness except rainfall during the southwest monsoon season. May is the hottest month with daily maximum temperature of 42.1°C while January is coolest with minimum temperature of 7.1 °C. Average normal annual wind velocity is 6.4 km/h. During the southwest monsoon season the relative humidity generally exceeds 83% (August). The driest period is summer season, when relative humidity is less than 26%. In the project districts, Datia receive higher amount of rainfall in comparison to Bhind district. Highest amount of rainfall was recorded in 2008 in both the districts in the last five years 2004-08. The average annual rainfall of Bhind and Datia are 705.1 mm and 793.8 mm respectively. 8. The ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) with concentrations of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx ranging from 141.7 to 185.5 µg/m3, 46.7 to 92.4 µg/m3, 5.4 to 12.7 µg/m3 and 6.7 to 13.6 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. The noise levels are also within the prescribed limits. 9. The sketch of the project section which lies in Bhind district, forms part of the vast older plains including in filled riverbeds with structural plains and valleys. The area has very gentle slope towards northeast with high elevation of 190 m above MSL in the south-western part and the lowest elevation of 149 m above MSL in the north-western part. In this section, landforms are mainly alluvium followed by Vindyan and Gwalior series. Valley plains, Apart from these geomorphic units, uneven ravines and isolated hills are predominant in that section. The rest of the project section lies in Datia district which is characterised by Alluvium plain, undulating slopes and Sindh-Pahuj Doab which forms the southern margin of the Gangetic valley. The project road falls under the northern part and the south-east part of the district and lies below 183 metres. The area is marked by undulating topography with elevated plains with very few low altitude isolated hills. The soil in the district generally falls under the broad group of deep alluvial soils. Color of the soil varies from brown, yellowish brown to dark gray brown. Texture of soil varies from sandy loam (below 20% clay), loam (20 – 30%

1 The EA has yet to formally approach MoEF for formal categorisation and grant of environmental clearance.

clay), clay loam (30 – 40% clay) & clay (more than 40% clay). The soil samples reveals that the dominant soil type is sandy clay loam with good organic content. 10. The predominant land use of the of the project districts is agricultural. Landuse/land cover of the proposed sub-project corridor is predominantly agricultural (nearly 48%) followed by Forests (28%). Built-up Area constitutes about less than 10% and rest is occupied for plantation, water bodies, community property resources, and miscellaneous use. 11. The whole Datia district is drained by the important rivers like Sindh, Pahuj & their tributaries. The Sind flows along the western boundary for a considerable distance, whereas the Pahuj touches the eastern boundary. The surface water sample taken from Pahuj and Kanrhai River has been found suitable for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. However, the quality conforms to the prescribed standards for drinking water. 12. There are no wildlife-sanctuaries and national park near the project area. Since most part of the project corridor passes through open agricultural land, large number of roadside trees is not affected considering to the length of the project road. Trees along roadside are mainly non-fruit bearing in nature whereas privately owned orchards are mostly comprised of fruit bearing trees. The major species observed are Mango, teak, neem, jamun, palas, saja, seasam, mahua etc. During the survey langur and macaque were sighted in different locations. The existence of fauna like jackals, foxes, hare, and macaque was also reported. 13. Despite abundant water bodies in the project area, large scale/organized fishing was not observed along the project road due their seasonal behaviour. There is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 14. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The agriculture along the project section is dominated by Oilseed (Soyabeen in particular). The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The major industries in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 10869 whereon the total population is 68024.Out of these, about 80 % is general. The SC/ST population accounts for about 20% of the total population. The project road passing through two districts of Madhya Pradesh covering 18 villages have total literacy rate of 63.1%. The population of literate male (61.3%) is comparatively higher than female (38.6%). Tribal population in the project area is very low (<2% in the project area).

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 15. All pre-construction, construction, and operation activities that were likely to cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Consultations were made with the government representatives (District Forest Office, State Pollution Control Board, Water Resources Department, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and the District Rural

Development Authority), local communities (Daboh-Mihona-Chirgaon), and NGOs (Bhopal Yuwa Paryavaran Shikshan and Samajik Sansthan, Ecosake Society for Environment Conservation and Social Awareness, Green Heart Nature Club, Forum for Environmental Protection, Energy Environment and Development Group, Centre for Envirocare and Energy Technology) between April to June 2010.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 16. The significant impacts during design and construction stage include the constricted sections of the roads which will be by-passed or require road alignment improvement to avoid and minimize resettlement and other sensitive structures and locations particularly in Bindadna (13.2), Bhander (Ch. 0.0), Daboh (78.1), Lahar (52.6), Mihona (43.4). Since the sub-project area is having mixed terrain, flood situation may get exacerbated due to inadequate cross drainage structures and raising of embankments without proper balancing culverts. An estimated 337 trees will be removed along the ROW to allow for road expansion but will be compensated at a rate of 1:10 plantations. Short-term deterioration of air quality may take place due to increase in fugitive dust emissions and noise level from earthmoving, ground shaping, unpaved transport, and emissions from heavy equipment and other mobile sources. Water sprinkling to control dust, use of clean fuels, changing the location and timing of construction activities and maintenance of equipments will minimize these impacts. Land use conversion particularly of residential areas and relocation of structures within the ROW will only be implemented following a meaningful consultation and acceptable compensation and relocation agreements. All borrow areas will comply with national laws and regulations. Impacts from the establishment and operation of the construction camps like generation and disposal of solid wastes, sewage, potable water requirements, health/hygiene, and safety is part of the contractor’s responsibility highlighting the need for compliance with applicable laws. Waste and material use minimization will be promoted to decrease the volume of wastes that will be generated. Traffic safety to workers and pedestrian, particularly to children is considered through the strict implementation of a Traffic Control Plan to be prepared by the contractor prior to construction activities and in consultation with the affected communities. 17. During operation stage, the main impacts are on the surface water hydrology since the construction of a road crosses several river/rivulets in the flood-affected sections which can act as impediment to natural flow of water. Other issues relate to increase in mobile emissions, road safety to motorist, pedestrian and animals. To minimize the impact on the local hydrology, adequate cross drains and their proper maintenance will be implemented. Information and education campaign through the use of signs and posters distributed along the roadside encouraging motorist to properly maintain their vehicles, and proper driving habits to reduce emissions, reduce fuel consumption, and promote safety will be made. Finally, traffic control measures will be implemented to ensure safety to pedestrian.

Conclusion 18. In general, the sub-project received immense support from local people with some concerns and apprehensions related to compensation for land and safety on roads. The local people appreciated that besides providing an all weather efficient connectivity to large population and improving the traffic scenario in the region, it will bear out several other positive economic and social benefits which outweigh the negative environmental impacts. 19. This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the sub-project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed sub-project, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background/Rationale 20. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 21. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 22. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010. The road sections details under MPSRSP III are given in Table 1.1

Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) I. BHOPAL PACKAGE 1 1 Bhind-Ater-Porsa SH-2 60.85 Bhind –Morena Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander- 2 2 SH-45 85.70 Bhind-Datia Chirgaon Shivpuri - Pichhore-Chanderi-Mungawali-Onder- 3 3 SH-19 146.50 Ashoknagar- Kurwai Vidisha 4 7 Manawar-Mangod SH-38 49.63 Dhar 5 9 Sardarpur-Rajgarh-Bagh SH-35 50.43 Dhar Shajapur- 6 10 Agar-Barod-Alot-Jawara SH-41 108.70 Ratlam-Ujjain- Pachor-Chapikheda-Jirapur-Machalpur- Rajgarh- 7 11 SH-51 86.70 Soyat Shajapur 8 13 Badi-Baktar-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni SH-15 58.78 Raisen-Sehore 9 14 Silwani-Udaipura Road SH-44 28.58 Raisen Total (Bhopal Pkg) 675.87

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) II. JABALPUR PACKAGE 10 16 Rahatgarh-Khurai-Khimlasa SH-42 47.48 Sagar Damoh-Hata-Gasiabad i/c Hata Town 11 18 SH-47 62.66 Damoh Portion Hata-Patera-Kumhari & Raipura- Damoh-Panna- 12 19 SH-48 91.28 Salaiya-Bahuribandh-Sihora Katni-Jabalpur 13 20A Amarpatan-Gorsari-Badera SH-13 46.50 Satna-Katni Sundara-Singhpur-Kothi-Jaitwara- Panna-Satna- 14 21 SH-52 85.29 Birsinghpur-Semaria Rewa 15 22 Sidhi-Beohari SH-55 71.29 Sidhi-Shahdol Total (Jabalpur Pkg) 404.49 Grand Total (Bhopal Pkg + Jabalpur 1,080.36 Pkg) Source: MPRDC

1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment 23. ADB has fielded TA: 7198 IND to assist MPRDC Road Construction Department (RCD) in project preparation for possible financing of MPSRSP III. As a part of this TA and safeguard requirement of ADB, environmental assessment has been carried out in accordance with relevant country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Each sub-project was scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. 24. The present report pertains to Mihona-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon (SH- 45) sub-project. This sub project is categorized as Category ‘B’ and hence an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been undertaken. 1.3. Purpose of the Study 25. This IEE report documents the environmental assessment of the Mihona- Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon Road Subproject and identifies the environmental issues to be considered at project planning and design stage. The IEE addresses the environmental management requirements of (i) the Government of India (GOI); (ii) the donor, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and (iii) the Project. In general, an IEE addresses the following:

o Provides information about the baseline environmental setting of the subproject; o Provides information on potential environmental impacts of the proposed subproject activities with its magnitude, distribution and duration 3

o Provides information on required mitigation measures with cost to minimize the impacts o Analyses the alternatives options considering alternative locations, designs, management approaches, for selection of most feasible and environmental acceptable options. o Provides details of stack holders consultation o Suggest environmental management and monitoring plan with institutional measures for effective implementation of mitigative measures proposed. 1.4. Extent of IEE 26. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report (DPR) provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. Certain changes may occur in the sub-project structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross-drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area is considered up to 7 km on either side of road alignment for larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features. Assessment is carried out for all components of environment covering terrestrial and aquatic ecology, soil, water, noise and socio economic aspects. 1.5. IEE Content 27. The IEE has been largely structured as per SPS, 2009 and ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). This includes following eight chapters including this introduction Chapter. • Chapter 1- Introduction • Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework • Chapter 3- Description of Project • Chapter 4- Description of Environment • Chapter 5- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures • Chapter 6- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation • Chapter 7- Environment Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism • Chapter 8- Conclusion and Recommendation 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 28. The environmental assessment has been carried out by the team of the environmental Experts of EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. The environmental team acknowledges the support extended by the executing agency, design consultant, and state departments/agency of forest, water resources, and pollution control Board etc. 1.7. Methodology 29. Suitable methodology was adopted to accomplish the study. As the first step, project-scoping exercise was undertaken identifying the parameters needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data pertaining to all facets of

environment viz. physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through primary and secondary sources were collected. The stepwise activities includes: • Review of legal requirements • Review of feasibility study • Reconnaissance survey for identification of key issues data requirement and preliminary consultation. • Primary and Secondary data Collection • Consultation with stakeholders • Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures • Institutional Review and finalization of EMP in consultation with EA. 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources Key relevant information sources has been summarised in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Environmental Parameters Information Sources Project objectives, Technical Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation information on existing road (MPRDC) and Design Consultant features and proposed rehabilitation work Inventory of road features like Ground Physical surveys and Strip Plans by water Bodies, Community Design Consultant structures, environmentally sensitive locations areas, congested locations etc. Climatic Condition India meteorological Department, DPR, primary data collection Geology, Seismicity, Soil and Central Ground Water Authority, State of Topography Environment report published by SPCB, Government websites and primary data collection Land Use/ Land Cover Survey of India (SoI) Toposheet, Observation during survey and Satellite Imagery Drainage Pattern Survey of India Toposheet, water resources, field observation and local people, GIS Based land use analysis Status of forest areas. Compensatory afforestation Divisional Forest Office, Datia and Bhind norms etc. Status of Fishing Activity District Fisheries offices and Local Fishermen Air quality Noise, Soil and Water Onsite monitoring and analysis of field samples Borrow Areas, Quarries and other Design consultant and public consultation during construction material source field visit River geo-morphology, hydrology, Water resources department, DPR and drainage, flood patterns, information from local people, field observations Socio-economic Environment Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official websites maintained by state Govt., census of India 2001 and Public Consultation during the Field survey, through figures collected from Directorate of Statistics. 5

1.7.2. Public Consultation 30. Extensive consultations were held with all stakeholders’ viz. local and beneficiary population, govt. departments/agencies, fishermen, road users and NGOs with intent to collect baseline information, for better understanding of the potential impacts and appreciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders. Information thus gathered was used to integrate it in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan. .

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project 31. The legal framework of the country consists of several acts, notifications, rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. The Indian legal system has been critically reviewed to identify its applicability to the project. A list of all required clearances/ permissions related to environment has been summarised in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project2

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency A. Pre-construction Stage Environmental EIA Notification, 2006 amended till State Not applicable Clearance3 date, promulgated under Environment Environmental for this (Protection) Act 1986 Impact particular road (not required Assessment stretch as it is 1 for this Sub- Authority an expansion Project) (SEIAA)4. of existing road and no new bypasses are to be constructed Permission for Forest Conservation Act (1980) District Level felling of trees Procedural Guidelines developed by Committee the Department of Environment GoMP, constituted by 2 MPRDC under the orders of the Hon’ble High the State Court; Tree removal will be guided as Govt. per state government rules. B. Implementation Stage

2 Since this project is not passing through any protected areas or ground water authority notified areas, therefore the following list of laws will not be applicable to this project. a. Central Ground Water Authority b. Wildlife (Protection) Act 2002 and rules thereof c. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remain Act 1958/Rules 1959

3 This Particular clearance is applicable to all new road projects as mentioned underneath. However for this road stretch as it is expansion of existing road and no bypasses are being constructed so this clearance is not applicable. The Notification and its latest amendment entails requirement of prior environmental clearance to the following road projects. Category A -i) New National High ways; and ii) Expansion of National High ways greater than 30 km, involving additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition and passing through more than one State. Category B-ii) All State High ways; and ii) Expansion projects in hilly terrain (above 100 m mean seal level (msl) and or ecologically sensitive areas)

Note: A general condition applies to both of the above category: “Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries”. 4 The SEIAA has varying opinion about its applicability. EA propose to take official confirmation about applicability of this notification. EA will obtain the environmental clearance in case SEIAA directs about the same. 7

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency River Board Authorities/ Permission for Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Department of 3 Sand Mining Development) Act, 1957 as amended Contractor Mining Govt. from river bed in 1972 of Madhya Pradesh Consent to Madhya operate Hot mix Air (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 4 Contractor plant, Crushers, Pollution) Act 1981 Pollution Batching Plant Control Board Authorization Madhya for Disposal of Hazardous Waste (Management and Pradesh 5 Contractor Hazardous Handling) Rules 1989 Pollution Waste Control Board Consent for Madhya Disposal of Water (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 6 Contractor Sewage from Pollution) Act 1974 Pollution Labour camps Control Board Use of Fly ash within 100 kms Fly Ash Notification, 1999 as amended 7 MoEF Contractor around Thermal up to 17th August 2003: Power plants. Department of Pollution Under Transport, 8 Control Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988 Govt. of Contractor Certificate Madhya Pradesh The Building and Other Construction Employing District Labour 9 Workers (Regulation of Employment Contractor Labour/workers Commissioner and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996,

2.2. Environmental Clearance Process 32. The environmental clearance is not applicable for this sub-project since expansion is confined along the existing road corridor with no new bypass. However, the procedure for obtaining environmental clearance has been depicted as Figure 2.1 for reference purposes only.

Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India

2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework 33. The Government through specific legislations regulates the environmental management system in India. The MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the part. Other Ministries/Statutory Bodies/departments responsible for ensuring environmental compliance and granting various clearances includes State ministry /Dept. of environment, regional offices of MoEF and state forests/wildlife departments. Their key roles and responsibilities and interface among them have been concisely depicted through the flow diagram in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1. Project Location 34. The project road section (Mihona-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon road) is a part of SH-45 measuring 85.7 km in length and located in Bhind and Datia districts of Madhya Pradesh State. The Location map of project road is given as Figure 3.1. The project road proven to be a vital link as it provides connectivity between NH-92 and NH-25. (Refer Figure 3.2 for schematic view))

Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-45 11

Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road

35. Right of Way and carriage way width: The existing carriageway is a single or intermediate-lane road having flexible pavement, with widths varying between 3.00 m to 5.00 m along the entire length of project road except in Lahar village where carriageway is separated with median. The existing road has earthen shoulder of about 1.0 m to 1.7 m on either sides of the project road. ROW available for the entire project road is around 52ft / 15m on both sides from road centre line except in built up areas and forest sections where it is noted as low as 10 m. Chainage-wise carriageway widths are provided in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details Existing Chainage Carriageway Remarks Shoulder Shoulder Start End Width Type Width Mihona – Bhander 43/400 43/800 6.00 ES 1.00 43/800 44/000 5.00 ES 1.00 44/000 45/000 3.75 HS 1.00 45/000 45/200 5.00 HS 1.30

Existing Chainage Carriageway Remarks Shoulder Shoulder Start End Width Type Width 45/200 46/500 4.60 3.75 m Overlay HS 1.30 46/500 47/000 5.20 3.75 m Overlay HS 1.00 47/000 51/000 3.75 HS 1.30 51/000 52/620 5.00 HS 1.30 52/620 54/400 10.00 0.5 Median - - 54/400 55/500 9.00 0.5 Median - - 55/500 55/750 7.00 0.5 Median - - 55/750 57/000 5.60 ES 1.00 57/000 59/300 5.50 ES 1.00 59/300 62/000 3.75 HS 1.30 62/000 65/000 5.50 HS 1.30 65/000 68/000 3.75 HS 1.30 68/000 69/000 5.20 HS 1.30 69/000 70/000 3.75 HS 1.30 70/000 71/000 5.50 HS 1.00 71/000 72/150 5.20 HS 1.00 72/150 75/870 3.75 HS 1.50 75/870 85/420 5.50 HS 1.00 85/420 87/400 3.75 HS 1.30 87/400 89/000 3.05 HS 1.70 89/000 89/620 5.00 HS 1.00 89/620 94/100 3.05 HS 1.70 94/100 95/000 Road Under Construction - - 95/000 98/000 3.05 HS 1.70 98/000 101/730 3.00 HS 1.70 101/730 102/000 3.75 HS 1.70 102/000 105/000 3.00 HS 1.70 105/000 106/000 5.00 3.75 m Overlay HS 1.30 106/000 113/300 3.00 HS 1.70 113/300 113/500 3.75 HS 1.70 113/500 114/400 5.00 CC - - Bhander – Chirgaon 0/000 1/700 5.00 CC - - 1/700 13/350 3.00 HS 1.70 13/350 13/700 5.00 CC HS 1.70 13/700 13/900 3.75 CC HS 1.70 13/900 14/700 3.00 HS 1.70 Source: DPR 36. Pavement and carriage way conditions: The pavement condition along the entire length of the road can generally be rated as fair. Riding quality is moderate. Mostly cracking exists throughout the road except in few stretches where pavement quality is good. Raveling and potholes are also exists at some locations. At some places, subgrade failure has been noted and thus warranting immediate reconstruction. The Main reason for this failure seems to be poor subgrade with complete absence of 13

consolidation and stabilization measures.The chainage wise details of the reconstruction stretches where existing crust is in weak condition or inadequate and where frequent rutting, settlement, ravelling, poor riding quality and substantial pavement deflection are observed, have been given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 : Road Stretches for Reconstruction Sr. From To Length No. Mihona - Bhander 1 61.000 63.000 2.000 2 68.800 70.270 1.470 3 70.270 71.000 0.730 4 71.000 74.000 3.000 5 77.110 78.860 1.750 6 78.880 79.000 0.120 7 81.300 82.300 1.000 8 84.150 96.100 11.950 9 97.850 98.200 0.350 10 100.000 102.400 2.400 11 103.200 108.400 5.200 12 110.200 111.500 1.300 Bhander - Chirgaon 13 5.150 8.150 3.000 14 9.760 11.000 1.240 15 12.160 13.160 1.000 16 14.350 15.300 0.950 Source: DPR 37. Alignment and Geometrics: There are many horizontal curves comprising very sharp turns which need to be improved to State highway standards. An average travel speed of 35 km/hr could be maintained due to sub standards geometry. There is no coherence between horizontal alignment and vertical profile. Set back distances are almost non- existent at curve locations; especially at sharp curves the provision is worse. 38. Cross Drainage (CD) Structures: The project road runs generally in line with ground profile or at low / medium embankment except at bridge approaches. However Project road requires an efficient drainage network and stable embankment slopes. There are three existing major bridges apart from one major bridge which is under construction near minor bridge and nine other minor bridges, two causeways and sixty five culverts along the project road. List of major and minor bridges along with survey chainages and conditions of existing structures are appended as”Inventory and Condition Survey for Bridges” in Appendix 3.1. 39. Terrain and Landuse: The project road alignment traverses through plain / rolling terrain throughout the length. The abutting land along the project road is observed to be utilized mainly for agricultural purposes. At some locations habitation / built up area were encountered whereas in few section land is left barren. The road passes through three important towns Mihona, Bhander and Chirgaon and few villages.

40. Road Intersections: There are 1 major intersection and 63 minor intersections sighted on the road. Almost all of these intersections are poor in geometrics and junction developments. The chainage-wise details of these intersections are given in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3 : List of Major and Minor Intersections Existing S. Major/ Surface Width Direction Chainage Link No Minor Type (m) (L/R/Cross) (Km/m) Mihona - Bhander 1 43/400 Minor Gopalpura-Bhind BT-BT 6.00-7.00 Left 2 44/930 Minor Jaganpura BT 3.75 Left 3 49/300 Minor Lapawaha CC 3.00 Right 4 50/460 Minor Malpura BT 3.75 Right 5 51/570 Minor Nagarlahar CC 3.75 Left Nandigaon Ravatpura - 6 52/630 Major BT-BT 3.75-3.25 Cross Gwalior, Datiya, Sevadha 7 53/760 Minor Lahar Village CC 5.00 Right 8 53/840 Minor Lahar Village BT 5.00 Right 9 54/170 Minor Lahar Village BT 3.00 Right 10 54/290 Minor Lahar Village CC 3.75 Right 11 54/530 Minor Lahar Village BT 3.00 Right 12 54/670 Minor Lahar Village BT 3.00 Right 13 54/800 Minor Lahar Village CC 3.00 Left 14 54/830 Minor Lahar Village BT 3.00 Right 15 54/890 Minor Lahar Village CC 3.00 Left 16 54/930 Minor Lahar Village BT 4.00 Right 17 55/030 Minor Lahar Village CC 3.75 Left 18 55/200 Minor Lahar Village CC 5.00 Right 19 55/260 Minor Lahar Village CC 3.75 Left 20 55/320 Minor Sioda Village BT 3.75 Right 21 55/400 Minor Lahar Village CC 3.00 Right 22 55/900 Minor Lahar Village CC 3.75 Left 23 57/020 Minor Mandi BT 3. 5 Right 24 59/480 Minor Mareran BT 3.75 Left 25 62/460 Minor Jetpur BT 3.75 Right 26 64/700 Minor Sioda BT 5.50 Right 27 65/980 Minor Ravatpura BT 5.70 Left 28 66/450 Minor Sonsara BT 3.75 Left 29 68/600 Minor Naroli BT 3.75 Left 30 69/980 Minor Alampur BT 3.75 Right 31 72/730 Minor Pipavali BT 3.75 Right U.Constr 32 74/600 Minor Durgapur 3.75 Left uction 15

Existing S. Major/ Surface Width Direction Chainage Link No Minor Type (m) (L/R/Cross) (Km/m) U.Constr 33 77/960 Minor Rajari 3.75 Left uction 34 78/280 Minor Daboh BT 3.00 Right 35 78/562 Minor Daboh CC 3.75 Right 36 79/340 Minor Choch Village ER 3.00 Left 37 81/170 Minor Songhar BT 3.75 Left 38 81/570 Minor Barthara BT 3.75 Right 39 84/960 Minor Ratanpur BT 3.75 Left 40 85/000 Minor Ratnpur - Purva BT-BT 3.75-3.75 Staggred 41 87/250 Minor Suja BT 3.75 Left 42 89/600 Minor Talgaon BT 3.75 Right 43 91/800 Minor Khiriya-Ghond BT- BT 3.75-3.75 Cross 44 95/210 Minor Salon, Indargadh BT 3.75 Right 45 96/540 Minor Pandokhar- BR 3 Left 46 98/540 Minor Samathar BT 3.75 Left 47 101/700 Minor Badera BT 3.75 Left 48 103/700 Minor Samthara WBM 3.75 Left 49 105/060 Minor Moth - Rampura BT-BT 3.75-3.75 Cross 50 106/400 Minor Chandrol BT 3.75 Right 51 109/640 Minor Bagpura BT 3.75 Right 52 110/920 Minor Shahpur BT 3.75 Left 53 112/260 Minor Vechchh BT 3.75 Right 54 113/660 Minor Bhander Brick 3.00 Left 55 113/870 Minor Bhander Brick 3.00 Right 56 114/350 Minor - CC-CC 3.75-3.75 Right 57 115/270 Minor Datiya BT 3.5 Right Bhander - Chirgaon 58 1/070 Minor Sarsai BT 3.75 Left 59 1/200 Minor Bhander CC 3.00 Left 60 1/670 Minor Bhander CC 3.00 Left 61 5/970 Minor Baijapara WBM 3.00 Left Bharoli- 62 7/550 Minor BT-BT 3.75-3.00 Cross Nayagaon 63 13/450 Minor - CC 3.75 Right 64 13/900 Minor Saletra BT 3.75 Right Source: DPR Note: BT – Black Top, CC-Cement Concrete, WBM – Water Bound Macadam ER – Earthen Road 3.3. Category of the Project

41. The sub-project has been evaluated using the Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist issued by ADB (Apendix-3.2) for Roads and Highways of the ADB‘s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003. The project road passes mainly through plain terrain with some undulations. The topography of the region is mixed type with combination of horizontal and vertical curves. The land use is mixed type with sections of

agricultural land on plains. It neither passes through nor is located near any Wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, or any other environmentally sensitive or ecologically or archeologically protected areas. The necessary permission to cut the trees has already been obtained from the concerned forest department. The environmental impacts envisaged are minimal and majority are co-terminus with the construction phase. Hence, the project has been classified as Category “B” in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project

42. The main aim of developing this State highway is to provide connectivity to the selected townships with other major social; and commercial centres within the district as well in the other parts of state. The proposed sub project road Mihona-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon road section serves as a link connecting Bhind and Datia Districts. The improvement of roads infrastructure in the region will enhance the tourism potential as well as will lead to increased socio-economic activities in both the districts. Also the project road proven to be a vital link as it provides connectivity between NH-92 and NH-25. The project road will benefit more than 1.4 million populations (mainly rural) by providing transport, communication and accelerate the local economy. 43. The sub project road serves as important link for providing connectivity between NH-92 and NH-25. The traffic intensity at this sub project road is increasing, necessitating augmentation of capacity for safe and efficient movement. The road condition is poor which reduces the average traffic speed and also results in higher fuel consumption and vehicular pollution. Therefore, improvement of this subproject road is proposed to provide safe movement of increasing traffic at higher travel speeds with reduced travel time, accidents, overloading, and vehicle emissions. 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic 44. Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of project road is studies at various locations and is presented in the Table 3.4. The ADT for SH-45 project road varies from 1500 to 1305 in terms of numbers and from 2391 to 2287 in terms of PCUs. Highest traffic volume has been recorded near CVC Location at km. 105/200 near Devra Village. Lowest traffic volume has been recorded near CVC Location at km. 13/200 near Bindadna VIllage:

Table 3.4 : ADT of Project Road S. Location Total Vehicles Total (PCUs) No. 1 Chorhi Teraha (Km 64/400) 1420 2391 2 Devra Village (Km 105/200) 1500 2334 3 Bindadna Village (Km 13/200) 1305 2287 Source: DPR 45. Projected Traffic: The maximum traffic is expected to vary from 9612 ADT (11051 PCU) near Devra village to 9110 ADT near Chorhi Teraha (12058 PCU) by the year 2030. The above projection is based on the growth rates of 9.4% for Cars, 6.6 % for Buses, 5.8% for Goods Vehicles, 10.6% for 2-wheeler and 7.5% for Tractors which was derived through “IRC-108, Econometric Model” ) The summary of projected traffic for the year 2009 to 2030 is given at Table 3.5.

Table 3.5 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road Project Road Year Year Year Year Year From To 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Near Chorhi Teraha (64/400) Mihona Daboh 1929 2903 4313 6316 9110 (3282) (4655) (6498) (8924) (12058 Near Devra Village (105/200) Daboh - End point 2039 3062 4545 6658 9612 Bhander (3173) (4417) (6073) (8245) (11051 Source: DPR; Values in bracket indicate PCUs/day 46. The capacity of different carriageways is 6000, 15000 and 18000 PCUs per day for intermediate lane, 2 lane with earthen shoulders and 2 lane with Paved shoulders respectively. Analysing the capacity of Design Service Volume of Carriage ways and the projected traffic, it is concluded that the project road requires two lanes with earthen shoulder by 2019- 2020. 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 47. The sub project road rehabilitation involves activities like widening, realignment, intersections improvement, correction in road geometry and raising the embankment height in at certain stretches of the road to meet the design norms defined for state highways under IRC codes. The brief of all key project activities are described below: 3.6.1. Realignment and Curvature Improvement: To avoid resettlement / rehabilitation and land acquisition issues existing alignment is followed with substandard geometry. There are many sharp curves in the existing road which need to be improved to develop a high-speed highway. In plain or rolling terrain, a minimum curve radius of 230 m is considered to achieve design speed. Absolute minimum radius of 150 m is used at location with space constraints (e.g. urban areas, structure approach & Forest Areas). These locations are tabulated in Appendix 3.3.

3.6.2. Proposed Cross Section Details • Lane Width and Earthen Shoulders : The width of a basic traffic lane is proposed to be 3.50m. Thus, for 2-lane carriageway, the carriageway widths will be 7.0m. Earthen shoulders are proposed to be 2.50m wide on either side of the proposed main carriageway for rural plain and rolling terrains. • Footpath: The minimum width of footpath in urban stretches is proposed to be 1.00m. The side drain in such stretches may be accommodated under the footpath. • Utility Corridor: Minimum width of utility corridor for rural sections will be 2.0m and for urban/ built-up sections will be 1.00m. • Side Slopes For fill sections, the following side slopes are proposed: Embankment height up to 3.0 m - 2H: 1V Embankment height from 3.0 m to 6.0 m - 1.5H: 1V Embankment height exceeding 6.0 m - To be designed based on soil parameters. Cut slopes will be as follows Soil - 1H: 1V • Cross fall : Carriageway will have crossfall of 3.0%. For earthen shoulders crossfall value will be 4.0%. Figure 3.3 shows the typical cross section to be followed on the project stretch.

Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road 48. Pavemnet design and Widening: Existing road will be widened to improve the capacity as well as horizontal geometrics. A combination of overlay and new construction will be followed for proposed improvements. 19

At a number of places, the vertical profile will be changed to improve the vertical geometrics. This will require reconstruction after partial or full removal of the existing pavement, depending upon subgrade condition. In urban areas cement concrete pavement along with side drain is proposed. 49. Concentric widening scheme is followed to minimise land acquisition issues and to ensure maximum utilisation of existing carriageway. The improvement is proposed to the existing pavement to meet the design requirement of 2.5 m. In specific stretches where the pavement is damaged / deteriorated special treatments, are proposed. The improvement proposal includes overlay of BC=30mm, DBM=50mm, or raising and reconstruction with WMM, or raising and reconstruction with GSB. The details of existing carriage way and widening proposal is given at Table 3.6

Table 3.6 : Details of Existing Carriage Way with Widening Proposal Existing Chainage Proposed Chainage Lengt Existing Proposed From To From To h Carriageway Carriagewa y Mihona – Lahar – Daboh Road 44.000 44.340 44.010 44.350 0.340 3.750 7.000+ES 44.500 44.690 44.510 44.700 0.190 5.750 7.000+ES 45.000 45.200 45.010 45.211 0.201 5.000 7.000+ES 45.200 46.000 45.211 45.995 0.784 4.600 7.000+ES 46.300 47.000 46.300 47.000 0.700 5.200 7.000+ES 47.000 49.250 47.000 49.250 2.250 3.750 7.000+ES 49.400 51.000 49.400 51.000 1.600 3.750 7.000+ES 51.000 52.600 51.000 52.600 1.600 5.000 7.000+ES 59.000 59.300 58.970 59.270 3.610 5.500 7.000+ES 59.300 62.000 59.270 61.970 2.700 3.750 7.000+ES 62.000 65.000 61.970 65.000 3.030 5.500 7.000+ES 65.000 68.800 65.000 68.820 3.820 3.750 7.000+ES 68.800 69.000 68.820 69.020 0.200 5.200 7.000+ES 69.000 70.000 69.020 70.030 1.010 3.750 7.000+ES 70.000 70.370 70.030 70.400 0.370 5.500 7.000+ES 70.520 71.000 70.550 70.960 0.410 5.500 7.000+ES 71.000 72.650 70.960 72.600 1.640 5.200 7.000+ES 72.650 75.870 72.600 75.780 3.180 3.750 7.000+ES 75.870 77.600 75.780 77.500 1.720 5.500 7.000+ES 77.650 78.980 77.550 78.860 1.310 5.500 7.000+ES 80.800 85.450 80.670 85.270 4.600 5.500 7.000+ES 85.450 85.670 85.270 85.400 0.130 3.750 7.000+ES 85.720 87.400 85.450 87.320 1.870 3.750 7.000+ES 87.400 89.000 87.320 88.930 1.610 3.050 7.000+ES 89.000 89.600 88.930 89.530 0.600 5.000 7.000+ES 89.600 96.100 89.530 96.050 6.520 3.050 7.000+ES 96.600 96.750 96.550 96.700 0.150 3.050 7.000+ES 96.850 96.950 96.800 96.900 0.100 3.050 7.000+ES 97.200 97.450 97.150 97.400 0.250 3.050 7.000+ES 97.650 101.730 97.600 102.150 4.550 3.000 7.000+ES 101.730 102.000 102.150 102.400 0.250 3.750 7.000+ES 102.000 113.250 102.400 113.880 11.480 3.000 7.000+ES

Existing Chainage Proposed Chainage Lengt Existing Proposed From To From To h Carriageway Carriagewa y Bhander-Chirgaon Road 1.325 1.700 116.167 116.530 0.363 5.000 7.000+ES 1.700 9.560 116.530 124.400 7.870 3.000 7.000+ES 9.760 13.400 124.600 128.270 3.670 3.000 7.000+ES 13.900 15.300 128.820 130.600 1.780 3.000 7.000+ES Source: DPR 3.6.3. Improvement Proposal for Intersection 50. Improvement scheme in respect of each junction is prepared to smooth movement of traffic. The improvement proposal suggested include either left in left out approach or channelized intersection design. 3.6.4. Design of Road Side Drains 51. For a sound drainage system open lined drain and chute drains in RCC on hill side in mountainous terrain and slopes of high embankment respectively and as rapids on high cut sections is followed. The construction of an underground drain 1 m x 1 m lined with RCC-20 cm thick and covered with RCC slab10 cm in thickness is proposed at urban and semi-urban stretches. Details about the drainage are given in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain S. No. Existing Chainage (km) Proposed Chainage (km) Length From To From To (mt.) 1 43/4 44/05 43/4 44/05 650 + 650 2 46/000 46/3 46/000 46/3 300 + 300 3 49/25 49/4 49/25 49/4 150 + 150 4 52/635 57/00 52/6 56/965 4365 + 4365 5 78/98 79/00 78/86 78/88 20 + 20 6 79.000 79/2 78/88 79/08 200 + 200 7 79/2 80/00 79/08 79/88 800 + 800 8 80/00 80/8 79/88 80/67 790 + 790 9 96/1 96/6 96/05 96/55 500 + 500 10 113/25 113/5 113/88 114/13 250 + 250 11 113/5 113/65 114/13 114/28 150 + 150 12 113/65 114/00 114/28 114/63 350 + 350 13 114/00 114/4 114/63 115/03 400 + 400 14 0/000 1/330 115/03 116/36 1330 + 1330 15 13/400 13/700 128/27 128/57 300 + 300 16 13/700 13/900 128/57 128/78 210 + 210 Source: DPR 3.6.5. Traffic Control and Safety Measures 52. In addition to adequate provisions for roadway width, geometric elements and junction improvement, the following provisions are proposed to enhance the safety of road users. Due consideration has been made for the provisions contained in IRC: SP 44-1994, “Highway Safety Code”. Also, various measures have been proposed to increase traffic control for the High-speed highway. 21

3.6.5.1 Crash Barrier : 53. Safety barrier of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid type are proposed at following locations. In general W-beam crash barrier is proposed.

♦ Non-traversable road side embankments ♦ Where embankment height is 3m or more ♦ Where embankment is retained by a retaining structure ♦ On valley sides of highway in hill sections ♦ Miscellaneous hazardous locations (like proximity to water structures, non-collapsible sign supports, buildings etc.) ♦ Between main carriageway and footpath in bridges 54. Final locations of crash barriers will be provided once longitudinal profile is finalized. The crash barrier locations are given in Table 3.8

Table 3.8 : Crash Barrier Location Left Side Right Side Proposed Chainage Length Proposed Chainage Length From To Mt. From To Mt. 71/200 71/354 154 71/200 71/354 154 71/475 71/600 125 71/475 71/600 125 97/000 97/143 143 97/105 97/143 38 97/275 97/375 100 97/275 97/375 100 113/231 113/261 30 113/231 113/261 30 113/532 113/582 50 113/532 113/582 50 117/500 117/585 85 117/505 117/585 80 117/660 117/690 30 117/660 117/690 30 Source: DPR 3.6.5.2 Road Signs 55. Adequate road signs are proposed for the project road in order to provide advance information to regulate/control traffic flow and ensure safety of operations. All road signs are provided in accordance with IRC 67. 56. Appropriate road markings are provided with stop signs, give-way signs, traffic merging and diverging signs, lane closure signs, compulsory keep left/right signs or any other signs as per IRC-67. Advance cautionary signs are proposed for sharp curves along with chevron signs at the outer edge of the curves. In hilly areas, curve-ahead signs are accompanied with appropriate delineators. 57. The signs will be of retro reflective sheetings of high intensity grade with encapsulated lens and fixing details as per of MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, 2001 are proposed. 3.6.5.3 Pavement Markings 58. In project road, pavement markings are proposed as per IRC: 35-1997, “Code of Practice for Road Marking” with centre-line, edge line, continuity line, stop line, give way lines, diagonal/chevron markings and zebra crossings. The pavement marking shall be of hot applied thermoplastic paint with glass beads as per the MORT&H specification for Road and Bridge Works, 2001(4th Revision, latest reprint).

3.6.5.4 Lighting 59. The project road is proposed with lighting systems in urban stretches/built up areas as shown in Table 3.9.

Table 3.9 : Lighting S. Existing Chainage Proposed Chainage Length Remarks No. (km) (km) From To From To (mt.) 1 43/400 44/050 43/400 44/050 650 Mihona Village 2 46/000 46/300 46/000 46/300 300 Ghari Village 3 49/250 49/400 49/250 49/400 150 Nabhua Village 4 78/980 80/800 78/860 80/670 1810 Daboh Village 5 96/100 96/600 96/050 96/550 500 Samadi / Panaogar Village 6 113/250 114/400 113/880 115/030 1150 Bhander Village 7 0/000 1/330 115/030 116/360 1330 Bhander Village 8 13/400 13/900 128/270 128/780 510 Bindadna Village Source: DPR 3.6.6. User Facilities 3.6.6.1 Bus Stop 60. Bus stops are proposed at following locations as given below in Table 3.10. Existing bus stops are proposed to be retained. Appropriate maintenance measures shall be made to keep it in working conditions.

Table 3.10 : Bus Stop Locations S. No. Existing Design Side Village Chainage (km) Chainage (km) 1 49/330 49/350 RHS Nabhua Village 2 53/720 53/680 RHS Lahar Village 3 53/790 53/750 RHS Lahar Village 4 72/330 72/220 RHS Popavali Village 5 88/400 88/360 LHS Kiurd Village 6 89/520 89/450 LHS Talagaon 7 91/700 91/635 LHS Ghond 8 94/090 94/050 LHS Near Canal 9 95/400 95/260 LHS Indragarh 10 96/500 96/550 LHS Panaogar Village 11 98/350 98/580 RHS Samkar Village 12 101/660 102/076 LHS Badera Village 13 103/650 104/310 RHS Samthara Village 14 106/440 107/100 LHS Chandrol Village 15 108/575 109/300 RHS Digrakhiriya Village 16 110/900 111/360 LHS Sahapur 17 1/770 116/425 RHS Bhander Village 18 7/570 122/350 LHS Bharoli Village

19 13/870 128/720 RHS Bindadana Village Source: DPR

3.6.7. Slope Stabilisation and Protection Works

61. Erosion is proposed to be minimized largely by the use of flat side slopes, rounded and blended with natural terrain; serrated cut slopes; drainage channels designed with due regard to width, depth, slopes, alignment, and protective treatment; inlets located and spaced for erosion control prevention of erosion at culvert outlets; proper facilities for groundwater interception; dikes, berms, and other protective devices to trap sediment at strategic locations; and protective ground covers and planting. 62. High embankment will be site specifically designed considering the quality of the available material, prevalent moisture condition and associated pore water pressure, bearing capacity of the founding strata and the requirement of any preloading etc. Stone pitching is proposed at the locations mentioned in the Table 3.11. 63. Other stabilisation measures as Concrete block pitching and Launching apron in CC blocks are proposed to be adopted on case to case basis after thorough study of the problematic sites.

Table 3.11 : Stone Pitching Left Side Right Side Proposed Length Proposed Chainage Length Chainage From To Mt. From To m 71/00 71/354 354 71.00 71/354 354 71/475 71/8 325 71/475 71/8 325 97/00 97/143 143 97/105 97/143 38 97/275 97/375 100 97/275 97/375 100 113/231 113/261 30 113/231 113/261 30 113/532 113/582 50 113/532 113/582 50 - - - 116/16 116/4 240 117/5 117/585 85 117/505 117/585 80 117/66 117/69 30 117/66 117/69 30 - - - 127/875 128/05 175 Source: DPR 3.6.8. Improvement Proposal for Bridges and Drainage Structure 64. There are three existing major bridges along with one major bridge which is under construction at location of minor bridge, nine other minor bridges, two causeways and about 65 culverts along the project road and the project road does not cross railway line. The rehabilitation of the bridge includes the activities like change of damaged handrails, replacement of defective expansion joints, repairing of minor cracks, repairing of solid slab having signs of damage, cleaning by sand blasting of corroded steel reinforcement and additional reinforcement where necessary, strengthening and repairing with PMC of RCC solid slabs which show honeycombing, removal of existing wearing coat and replacement with new wearing coat of 50 mm thick bituminous concrete after laying 12mm thick mastic asphalt, strengthening of approaches.

65. Water way/ ventway will be cleaned if vegetation growth is impeding the main water channel. The channel will be dredged if excessive siltation has blocked the waterway. Spur, dykes will be provided to change the water course if it is found that due to the flow direction, excessive scouring is occurring near one of pier or abutment and it is in danger. 3.6.9. Improvement Proposal for Causeways 66. There is one causeway which is solid slab type. The improvement proposal for causeways is based on following considerations. Almost all causeways get overtopped during monsoon. Hence Discharge passing through vent as well as overtopping part is considered for revised structure, wherever possible additional pipes were introduced by raising road level to economise cost. In typical cases wherever required box type structure is also proposed. 3.6.10. Improvement Proposal for Culverts 67. There are 63 culverts consisting of 48 pipe culverts and 15 slab culverts. The culverts are proposed to be widened for carriage way width of 12m. The improvement proposal includes dismantling and recasting of head walls, bed replacement with proper designs. Many of the culverts have vegetation in the channels apart from some sand mounds causing vent way obstructions, which need clearing. Pipe diameter less than 0.9 m is to be replaced by 1.2m diameter pipe. The culverts which are completely damaged or distressed are proposed for reconstruction. The culvert retained and repaired as 3.7. Material required and Sourcing 68. The various construction materials which will require for the project road construction and other activities are listed below. • Borrow Soil • Aggregate • Granular material • Sand • Cement • Bitumen • Steel • Water 3.7.1. Borrow soil 69. Borrow Soil identified during survey for DPR study revealed that it can be used for road embankment as well as for Sub grade layer. The details of available source, location, average lead distance to the project road and approximate available quantity are given in Table 3.12.

Table 3.12 : List of Borrow Area S. Chainage Section Side Type of Approximate Approximate No. Material distance from Quantity project road in (M) (Indicative Area) 1 68/800* Mihona-Lahar-Daboh Left soil 50 100m x100 m 2 71/000* Mihona-Lahar-Daboh Left and soil 50 200mx200m Right 3 96/000* Mihona-Lahar-Daboh Left and soil 60 100m x100 m Right 4 97/000* Mihona-Lahar-Daboh Left and soil 60 200mx200m Right 5 97/800 Mihona-Lahar-Daboh Left and soil 80 200mx100m Right 6 3/000* Daboh-Bhander- Right soil 95 100m x100 m Chirgaon (Up to UP Border) 7 8/000* Daboh-Bhander- Right soil 75 100m x100 m Chirgaon (Up to UP Border) Source: DPR Study 3.7.2. Aggregate 70. Aggregate stone is basic ingredient in road construction. Investigation of quarry area was carried out for DPR study to ascertain the potential source of aggregate for the construction of different pavement layers like Bituminous Concrete (BC), Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Bituminous Macadam (BM), Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Granular Sub- base, sand for cement concrete works and GSB. There are many quarries/crushers are located near Bhander between km 0.000 to km15.000 on the project road. 3.7.3. Sand 71. Sand to be used in the concrete work during construction available on the project road is at Sindh River, which is about 25 km far from the project road. 3.7.4. Cement 72. There are so many factories of cement manufacturing in Madhya Pradesh. The cement can be procured from the open market. 3.7.5. Bitumen 73. Nearest source of bitumen is Mathura refinery, Uttar Pradesh and Koyali Refinery, Gujarat. Bitumen of VG-10 equivalent of 80-100 or VG-30 equivalent of 60-70 penetration grade from above mentioned Refinery, is proposed to be used for bituminous work. 3.7.6. Steel 74. There is numbers of steel rolling factories is situated in Madhya Pradesh, with various grade of steel. The steel is to be purchase from the open market.

3.7.7. Water 75. Ground water and surface water in the vicinity of the project road is proposed to use as a source of water for construction activities. The approximate quantity of water required for construction activities in the project is 400 KL/day. 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 76. The project is in the detailed design stage. The construction of widening of the road to 2- lane road, will be implemented in 18-24 months. The estimated cost of the project excluding R and R and EMP is estimated to be INR 1,14,38,68,942/- 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 77. Baseline environmental conditions about all facets of environment viz. physical, biological and socio-economic have been established using both primary and secondary sources. Efforts have been made to collect the latest information both at regional as well as local level especially along the project corridor. This will help to predict likely changes in the environment due to the project and will serve as performance indicators for various components. 78. The project road Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon is a section of SH-45 measuring 85.7 km in length and located in Bhind and Datia districts of Madhya Pradesh. A summary of the project districts is given in Table 4.1

Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts S. No. Parameters Bhind Datia 1 General . Bhind District is located . Datia is located in the north in Chambal region in eastern part of Madhya the northwest part of Pradesh and cover an area Madhya Pradesh and of 2959 sq km. The district covers an area of about is bounded by Bhind and 4,459 sq. km. It is Gwalior (Main block) bounded by Agra, districts in the North, Etawah, Jalaun and Shivpuri district of M.P and Jhansi districts of Uttar Jhansi district of U.P. in the south, Gwalior and Pradesh state to the Shivpuri (Main block) north and the east, and district in the west and the Madhya Pradesh Bhind district of M.P. and districts of Datia to the Jhansi district of U.P. in the south, Gwalior to the East. southwest, and Morena to the west. . It lies between N Latitude . It lies between N 25º20’ and 26 º20’ and E Latitude 25º55’ and longitude 78 º10’and 78 26º45’ and E longitude º45’. 78º12’ and 79º05’. . It is located at an average . It is located at an elevation of 302 m above elevation of 143 m MSL above MSL 2 Climate . The temperature in June . In the summer, the touches 42°C. temperature reaches to a . It receives on an maximum of 42.1 °C. average 705.1 mm of . It receives on an average rain annually. 840 mm of rain annually. 3 Ecologically Sensitive Area Wild Life None None Sanctuaries National Parks None None Tiger Reserves None None Elephant None None Reserves Reserve/Protected Gumara Reserve Forest None Forests Ratawa Reserve Forest 4 Geomorphology 1. Major 1.Younger Alluvium plain Physiographically the district Physiographic 2. Uneven ravines can be divided in to three parts. Units 3. Older Alluvium plain 1. Southern Hilly Region 4. Ridge Sedimentary 2. North & Central Hilly Region 3. North & Central Plain Region

2. Major Drainage Lower Chambal Sub Basin The main body of the district is of Yamuna Basin. Major drained by the two important Rivers Chambal, Kunwari, rivers, viz, the Sind and Pahuj. Vaisali, Sind & Pahuj

5 Major Soil Type Alluvial, medium & deep The soils of Datia are

S. No. Parameters Bhind Datia black; shallow & medium representative of the soils of black; and mixed red & Bundelkhand. They are locally black known as mar, kabar, parua, rankar and also kachhar at various places. 6 Principal Crops Soyabean, paddy, cotton, Wheat,Gram,groundnut,Jowar, jowar, maize, bajra, pulses, Paddy, wheat, Lentil etc. sesamum, sunflower, wheat, gram , peas, lahat and toria 7 Predominant Alluvium followed by 1.Recent :Alluvium Geological Vindhyan and Gwalior 2.Gwalior series: Morar shale Formations series. and Par quartzite 3.Bundelkhand:Granites and granite gneisses 8 Hydrogeology Alluvium, Weathered Alluvium, Jointed and fractured fractured & jointed Vindhyan granite sandstone and shale sand stones & shale. Source: Central Ground Water Authority Reports and other District/Govt. website

4.1. Physical Environment 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate 79. Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate characterized by hot summer season and dryness except southwest monsoon season. Like most of north India it has a hot dry summer (April-June) followed by monsoon rains (July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter (December- February). The maximum temperature during summer season ranges from 33 to 44ºC and 10 to 27ºC during winter season. The average rainfall is about 1,370 mm which decreases from east to west. The southeastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm, while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000 mm or less.

Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh 29

80. The climate of Bhind and Datia is similar in all contexts. The climate is characterized by a hot summer and general dryness except rainfall during the southwest monsoon season. May is the hottest month with daily maximum temperature of 42.1°C while January is coolest with minimum temperature of 7.1 °C. Wind velocity is higher during the pre monsoon period as compared to the post monsoon period. The maximum wind velocity is 11.3 km/h during the month of June and minimum is 3.1 km/h during the month of November. Average normal annual wind velocity is 6.4 km/h. The weather remains dry for all the seasons except monsoon. During the southwest monsoon season the relative humidity generally exceeds 83% (August month). In the rest of the period is dry. The driest period is summer season, when relative humidity is less than 26%. 81. In the project districts, Datia receive higher amount of rainfall in comparison to Bhind district. Highest amount of rainfall was recorded in 2008 in both the districts in the last five years 2004-08. More than 90% of the total rainfall occurs in between the months of June to September as a result of south west monsoon. Highest amount of rainfall was received in 2008 in both the districts. The average annual rainfall of Bhind and Datia are 705.1 mm and 793.8 mm respectively. The monthly rainfall details for last four years in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall data (mm) in the project districts for the last five years Annual Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total Bhind 2004 51.4 0 0 0 0.4 66.4 58 167.8 85.2 56.5 0 0 485.7 2005 4.3 0 11 0 4.3 36.8 222.6 74.1 97.5 0 0 2.1 452.7 2006 0 0 18.5 0 0 74.7 182 77.6 46.9 2.2 0 0 401.9 2007 0 55.6 32.6 1.9 7.6 67.7 122.2 126.9 64.1 0 0 0 478.6 2008 0 0 0 0.3 40.5 189.1 322.2 257.5 157.9 6 0 0 973.5 Datia 2004 1 0 0 6.4 1 67.3 121 245 75.5 50.5 0 0 567.7 2005 0 0 30.6 2 6.8 35.5 255.5 63 89.8 0 0 0 483.2 2006 N.A. N.A. 28 0 0 60 211.5 92 43 1.5 0 0 N.A. 2007 0 42.3 14.3 0 3 126 105.9 167.2 109.7 0 0 0 568.4 2008 0 0 0 4.4 4.1 398.2 294.9 243.1 93.3 2.7 3.3 0 1044 Source: India Meteorological Department, Delhi 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality 82. In absence of any existing data on ambient air quality and noise levels of the project area, onsite monitoring was conducted at few selected locations. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noise generating sources other than traffic. 4.1.2.1 Air Quality 83. The 24 hourly average ambient air quality levels with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen are shown in Table 4.3.

The Table reveals that SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx range from 141.7 to 185.5 µg/m3, 46.7 to 92.4 µg/m3, 5.4 to 12.7 µg/m3 and 6.7 to 13.6 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (Appendix 4.1).

Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) Location RSPM SPM SO2 NOx Max 86.3 185.5 12.7 11.4 Mihona Min 56.7 160.7 8.3 7.6 Avg 67.6 171 10.2 9 Max 92.4 169.5 10.6 11.8 Lahar Town Min 65.1 154.4 5.5 8.2 Avg 76.5 160.4 7.2 9.8 Max 76.1 156.8 11.3 13.6 Devra Min 51.3 143.4 5.4 7.1 Avg 65.2 151.5 7.1 10.5 Max 82 162.3 8.8 12.4 Bhander Min 46.7 141.7 5.7 6.7 Avg 62.7 155.2 6.4 9.3 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.2.2 Noise 84. The ambient noise levels (Table 4.4) at most of the locations is well within the permissible limits (Appendix 4.2) as prescribed by CPCB for day time and night time of 65 dB(A) and 55 dB(A) respectively. Overall the noise level in the project region is not disturbing.

Table 4.4 : Noise Level in dB (A) Along the Project Corridor Noise level in dB (A) Station Day Night Code Location Leq Leq N-1 Mihona 52.2 42.6 N-2 Bhavanipura 49.5 41.7 N-3 Malpura 48.7 40.3 N-4 Lahar Town 51.6 43.4 N-5 Devara 53.7 43.7 N-6 Bhander 50.8 41.2 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology 85. The project road lies between 78º48’ E to 78º58’ E and 25º34’ N to 26º17’ N. The topography of the region is mixed type. The project road alignment traverses through plain and rolling terrain in most of the length. The sketch of the project section which lies in Bhind district, forms part of the vast older plains including in filled riverbeds with structural plains, structural hills and valleys with denudation slope are restricted to south- western part. The area has very gentle slope towards northeast with high 31

elevation of 190 m above MSL in the south-western part and the lowest elevation of 149 m above MSL in the north-western part. In this section, landforms are mainly alluvium followed by Vindyan and Gwalior series. Valley plains, Apart from these geomorphic units, uneven ravines and isolated hills are predominant in that section. 86. The rest of the project section lies in Datia district which is characterised by Alluvium plain, undulating slopes and Sindh-Pahuj Doab which forms the southern margin of the Gangetic valley. The project road falls under the northern part and the south-east part of the district and lies below 183 metres. The area is marked by undulating topography with elevated plains with very few low altitude isolated hills. B 87. The Datia district has the following two distinct physiographic divisions: 88. The Lower Bundelkhand Plateau: The southern part around Datia town lies in the granitic area and forms a somewhat barren and rocky tract. The tract lies above 213 m and the prominent hills lie to the south east and west of Datia. The hills show steep rise on their sides and a few rise to over 91 m from their immediate neighborhood. The tract is covered by alluvium and the hard masses reappear only across the Sindh on its northwestern side. North west of Seondha as well as on the left bank of Sindh, a low range of sandstone hills overlooks the river and extends upto its northeastern bend in the district. The height of the scarp on its southeastern face is 30 to 91 m. These hills join the Gwalior range in the west and slope towards the north, where the rocks beneath the alluvium disappear. Among these hills there are three peaks, which rise above 244 m the highest, being 263 m in the south. Seondha hill on the northern bank of the Sindh, is over 183 m. The plateau region is either bare or stony on steep slopes or is covered with reddish soil or black cotton soil. 89. The Gangetic plain: Most of the central and northern parts of the district lie in the Sindh-Pahuj doab, which form the southern margin of the Gangetic valley. The central part of the district is about 183 to 213 m above MSL, whereas the northern part of the area south-east of Maithana (Bhander tehsil) lies below 183 m. Although dotted with hillocks and low mounds of granite the valley is flat, uniformly and gently sloping towards the north-east, and formed mostly of river alluvium. The alluvial tract is marked by gullies and ravines caused by water action on the loose soil along the major rivers as well as their tributary streams. Gullies and ravines have developed in the alluvium all along the Sindh, Mahuar and Parron river. 4.1.4. Geology/Soil 90. The project section which falls under the Bhind district has the predominant geological formations of Alluvium followed by Vindhyan & Gwalior series. Vindhyan Formation: The outcrop of this formation is exposed in the western parts of the district in Gohad tehsil of Bhind. As these rocks are hard compact & devoid of weaker zones therefore the ground water occurrence is meager and ground water development in this formation is less. Gwalior Series: Gwalior series is exposed in southwestern part of the Bhind district and consists of Banded Hematite

Quartzite. Ground water occurs under semi confined to confined conditions and yield potential is not too much. 91. The soil in the district generally falls under the broad group of deep alluvial soils. Color of the soil varies from brown, yellowish brown to dark gray brown. Texture of soils varies from sandy loam (below 20% clay), loam (20 – 30% clay), clay loam (30 – 40% clay) & clay (more than 40% clay). Clay loam soil found in some parts of Gohad and Mehgaon blocks and sandy loam soil is usually found in other blocks. Thickness of the soil varies from 70 to 250m and resting over the Vindhyan & Archaeans rocks. 92. In the Datia stretch the soils of Datia are representative of the soils of Bundelkhand. They are locally known as mar, kabar, parua, rankar and also kachhar at various places. Mar is a very fertile soil and is black coloured with fine mixture of calcareous stones and shell. It has good water retention capacity. Other types of soil are also met with near the mounds and on the upper reaches. Deeper alluvial deposits occur along the major rivers ad streams of the District. The alluvial tract is marked by the gullies along the major rivers and their tributary streams caused by the water-action on the loose soil. Deeper alluvium deposits occur along the major rivers and streams of the district. The alluvial soil is loamy and fertile. The soil in low-lying flat lands with poor drainage is usually saline. It is generally brown in colour. 93. The soil sample has been collected at four locations in the project section as shown in Table 4.5. The Table reveals that the dominant soil type is Sandy clay loam with good organic content. 33

Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road S. No. Parameters Location Mihona Malpura Devara Bhander 1 Colour Light Brown Light Brown Brown Light Brown 2 pH(20% slurry) 8.7 9.2 7.7 8.6 3 Conductivity ( μmhos / cm, 20% slurry) 324 317 320 295 4 Moisture (%) 1.63 1.54 1.56 1.78 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0333 0.415 0.0532 0.0448 6 Bulk density (g/cc) 1.32 1.28 1.16 1.27 7 Porosity (%v/v) 0.72 0.77 0.7 0.81 8 Water Holding Capacity (%) 25 28 31 26 9 CEC meq/100g 26.8 27.2 25.9 29.3 10 Carbonate (%) NT NT NT NT 11 Bicarbonate (%) 0.0635 0.0688 0.0778 0.0624 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.55 0.52 0.54 0.63 13 Texture Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Loam Loam Loam Loam 14 Nitrogen % 1.32 1.25 1.16 1.42 15 Potassium ,kg/h 1.75 1.65 1.72 1.55 16 Phosphorous, kg/h 30.5 28.3 32.4 27.9 Source: Analysis of Field Monitoring 4.1.5. Seismicity and Hazard 94. The project region falls in Zones II & III i.e., low to moderate risk zone in seismicity. The project road falls in the low hazard zone in the Hazard Zoning Map. The hazard and seismic zoning map is shown in Figure 4.2

Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002 Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map

4.1.6. Land use 95. The area under various land uses in the state is presented in Table 4.6. The Table shows that the major portion of the land use is under agriculture (48.69%) followed by forest cover (28%).

Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 30824 Reporting Area for land utilization 30756 100 Net area Sown 14975 48.7 Forest* 8688 28.2 Area not available for cultivation 3364 10.9 Permanent Pasture & Grazing land 1341 4.3 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 20 0.06 Cultivable waste land 1175 3.8 Fallow land other than current fallows 596 1.9 Current fallows 596 1.9 Source: DPR * The data is given for 2004-05 (as per availability) including Reserved & Protected Forest 4.1.6.2 Land Use Pattern along the project road Section: 96. Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture and residential areas. Chainage wise land use along the project road is given in Table 4.7. There are also few public and private settlements along the project road

Table 4.7 : Chainage wise landuse pattern along the project road Chainage Name of Village / (km) Existing land use Town From To 115.0 96.0 Agricultural land and residential settlements Bhander, Devra 96.0 78.0 Agricultural land with some built-up areas Panaogar, Gora 78.0 69.0 Barren land with some built-up areas Daboh, Muravli 69.0 55.0 Agricultural land Chorhi Laher, Nabhua, 55.0 43.0 Agricultural land & Built-up area Malpur, Mihona 15.0 13.0 Roadside commercial / residential settlements Bindana, Nibi 13.0 4.0 Agricultural land with some built-up areas Hashpur 4.0 1.0 Roadside commercial / residential settlements Bhander Source: DPR 4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage 97. Madhya Pradesh represents great river basins and the watershed of a number of rivers. The entire project district Bhind district lies in lower Chambal basin. Major tributaries are Kunwari, Asad, Besali, Sindh & Pahuj rivers. The Pahuj river crosses the project road. The details of the catchment area of each river are given in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8 : Catchment area of major tributaries Sub Basin Catchment area % of the Length of in the district Catchment area river in the (sq. Km.) in the district district (Km) Direct Catchment 257.87 5.79 46.3 of River Chambal Asad & Kunwari 896.14 20.13 85.0 Besali 1729.28 38.84 57.0 Sindh 785.76 17.65 64.0 Pahuj 783.17 17.59 30.0 Source: Central Groundwater Authority website 98. The whole Datia district is drained by the important rivers like Sindh, Pahuj & their tributaries. The Sind flows along the western boundary for a considerable distance, whereas the Pahuj touches the eastern boundary only for about a kilometre and a half. Thus the drainage of the district is divided into these two rivers. The whole district falls in the Ganga basin. 4.1.8. Groundwater 99. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The depth of water table goes below 200 feet during summer season. Most of the wells become dry except in monsoon season. The groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised in Table 4.9. The results reveal that the ground water quality conforms to the drinking water standards (Appendix 4.3).

Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor Location S.No. Parameters Mihona Lahar Devara Bhander 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.0 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 450 432 466 425 4 Turbidity, NTU 2 2 2 2 5 TDS (mg/l) 294 272 284 267 6 TSS (mg/l) 5 5 6 6 Total Hardness as CaCO3 7 (mg/l) 148 136 140 130 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 30.4 28.7 27.8 29.2

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 17.7 19.4 18.6 17.3

10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND

11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.6 0.065 0.052 0.055 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.13 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.7 0.07 0.08 0.06 Chromium Total as Cr 18 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 30.7 31.4 29.3 28.5 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 21.3 20.5 18.3 17.4 Source: Analysis of Field Samples 4.1.9. Surface water 4.1.9.1 River System and Water bodies of the Project Area 100. The entire project district Bhind district lies in lower chambal basin. Major tributaries are kunwari, asad, besali, sindh & Pahuj rivers. The Pahuj river crosses the project road and is perennial in nature. 101. The major rivers in the project area Datia are Pahuj river and Sind river. Some small streams and canals crosses the project road. Other water bodies along the corridor are given at Table 4.10. Table 4.10 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor S. Whether Crossing or Perennial or Non- Name District No. in Buffer Area Perennial 1. Pahuj River Bhind Crossing the alignment Perennial 2. Kanrhai Nadi Bhind Crossing the alignment Non-Perennial 3. Bhander Canal Bhind Buffer Zone Perennial 4. Mirga Nadi Bhind Crossing the alignment Non-Perennial Source: District planning Map Series 37

4.1.9.2 Surface Water Quality 102. Surface water sample taken from Pahuj and Kanrhai River has been compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E (Appendix 4.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.11 Table 4.11 : Surface Water Quality of the river in project area Location S.No. Parameters Pahuj River Kanrhai River 1 Colour Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.4 7.1 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 590 570 4 Turbidity, NTU 4 4 5 TDS (mg/l) 392 377 6 TSS (mg/l) 28 17 Total Hardness as CaCO3 7 (mg/l) 115 108 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 45 42.6

9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 17.3 15.8

10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) 0.54 0.5

11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.07 0.07 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.32 0.18 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.12 0.16 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.6 0.7 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.05 0.05 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 24.8 26.2 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 15.6 14.3 23 Total Coliform 33 25 24 DO 4.7 5.8 25 BOD 7.7 5.7 26 COD 17.2 14.8 Source: Analysis of field Samples

4.2. Ecological Resources 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.2.1.1 Forests 103. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Lying between lat. 21°04'N and long. 74°02' and 82°49' E, it is a reservoir of

biodiversity. The geographical area of the state is 308,144 km2 (118,975 sq mi) which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km2 (36,765 sq mi) constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 61.7%, 37.4% and 0.9% of the forest area respectively. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are rich, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. The forest cover of Madhya Pradesh is shown in Figure 4.3

Figure 4.3 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh 104. According to Revised classifications of Forest types of India by Champion and Seth the forest types in the study area is as follows: • Group 5 - Tropical dry deciduous forest • Sub group 5A – Southern tropical dry deciduous forest • Divided Into Three Sub Types - • 5AC1b Southern dry teak deciduous forest • 5AC3 Southern Dry mixed deciduous forest • 5ADS1 southern dry deciduous scrub

105. Teak Forest: The quality of teak forest is better on slopes as compared to plain areas or steep slopes. Butea monosperma and Terminalia tomentosa are the dominant species observed in the plain areas. Some patches of pure crop of Teak plantation are observed in the plain areas. The sub dominant species found associated with teak are saja (Terminalia tomentosa), bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), lendia (Lagerstroemia parviflora), haldu (Adina cardifolia), dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), salai (Boswellia serrata), aonla (Emblica officinalis) etc. Terminalia belerica is also found in some areas. In this type of forest 39

shrubby vegetation is found very less. The common shrub species found in the study area are Becal (Gymnosporia montana), Karonda (Cassia sofora), Marodfalli (Helicteres isora), Lantana (Lantana camera), Zarberi (Zizyphus nummularia), Pawar (Cassia tora) etc. Acacia catechu is found scattered on rocky surface in the study area. Dendrocalamus strictus is not observed in the study area. 106. Mixed Forest: Mixed forest is found in patches. The species of teak forest are also found in mixed forest in different proportion. Other than Teak the important species found in the mixed forest are dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), salai (Boswellia serrata), saja (Terminalia tomentosa), haldu (Adina cardifolia) bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), lendia (Lagerstroemia parviflora), aonla (Emblica officinalis) etc. 107. Forest Area along the Project Section: The project road does not pass through any forests. 4.2.1.2 Flora

108. The study area is dominated by agricultural fields and open areas. The vegetation in the study area is very scattered and found on the edges of fields and along the roadside. Dominant species found along the road side are Palash – Butea monosperma, Shisham - Dalbergia sissoo, Aam or Mango-Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Jamun or Java Plum- Syzygium cumini, Teak- Tectona grandis, Khair- Acacia catechu, Babul – acacia nilotica, Neem- Azadirachta indica, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Siris - Albizia lebek, Ber or Indian Jujube- Zizyphus mauritiana, Barh or Banyan- Ficus benghalensis, Pipal or Bo Tree - Ficus religiosa, Bogori - Zizyphus jujuba, Imli or Tamarind- Tamarindus indica, and Bamboo Plantations. The list of common trees observed during the present survey along the road is given in Table 4.12. 109. No loss of any threatened, rare or endangered plant species is envisaged in the project area. Table 4.12 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family Large Trees 1. Achar Buchanania lanzan (spreg) Anacardiaceae 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Combretaceae 3. Aam Mangifera indica (Linn) Anacardiaceae 4. Awla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5. Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn) Caesalpiniaceae 6. Kardhai Anogeissus pendula Combrataceae 7. Kala siras Albizia lebbek Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 8. Kevlor Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 9. Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 10. Kullu Sterculia urens Stcrculiaceae 11. Kem Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 12. Khair Acacia catechu Leguminosae (Mimoseae)

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 13. Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae 14. Gunja Gardenia pinnata Burseraceae 15. Chchwa Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 16. Chirol Holoptelea integrifolia Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 17. Jamun Syzygium cuimini Myrataceae 18. Kankar Lannea coromandalica Anacardiaceae 19. Tendu Diospyros melanoxeon Ebenaceae 20. Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 21. Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 22. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae 23. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 24. Palas Butea monosperma Leguminosea (papilionaceae) 25. Pakar Ficus infectoria Moraceae 26. Padar Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae 27. Pangra Erythrina Suberosa Leguminosae (Pipilionaceae) 28. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 29. Bad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 30. Bahera Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 31. Babul Acacia nilotica Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 32. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33. Bhirra Chloroxylon Swietenia, D.C. Meliaceae 34. Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Simarubiaceae 35. Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 36. Shisham Delbergia latifolia, Roxb Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 37. Safed Siras Albizzia procera, Benth Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 38. Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 39. Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 40. Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 41. Seja Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 42. Semal Salmalia malabarica, Bombaxcieba Malvaceae 43. Haldu Adina Cardifolia Rubiaceae Small Trees 44. Amaltash Cassia fistula Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 45. Astara Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 46. Asta Bauhinia racermosa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 47. Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Rhamnaceae 48. Ber Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae 49. Lokhandi Ixora arborea Rubiaceae 50. Sehra Bauhinia retusa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) Shrubs and Under Shrubs 51. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 52. Apamarg Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 53. Arandi Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae 41

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 54. Aak Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 55. Gokhru Tribulus terrestris Zygophllaceae 56. Zhadneri Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 57. Tulsi Ocimum Sanctum Labiatae 58. Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae 59. Dhavai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 60. Nirgudi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 61. Neel Indigofera pulchella Leguminosae 62. Pawar Cassia tora Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 63. Beshram Ipomoea pescaparae Convolvulaceae 64. Bhatkatiya Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 65. s Vidyasini Lantana camara Verbenaceae 66. Shatavari Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae 67. Sitafal Anona Squamosa Anonaceae 68. Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleacaae 69. Ratanjot Jatropha curacas Evphorbiaceae 70. Gunja Abrus precatorious Leguminosea 71. Gauj Millietia auriculata Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 72. Palasbel Butea superba Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 73. Amrbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 74. Bans Dendrocalamus Strictus Gramineae Source: Secondary sources and Public consultation 4.2.2. Fauna

4.2.2.1 Wild Life and Protected Areas

110. There are 9 National Parks and 25 Sanctuaries spread over an area of 10,862 km2 constituting 11.40% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the state. The details of National Park and Sanctuaries is shown in Figure 4.4

Figure 4.4 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya Pradesh 111. There are no Wild Life Sanctuaries/National Parks, Tiger Reserves etc. in the project area. 112. The vegetation density and diversity is an important factor determining the habitat and thus for particular wild animals. Different animals prefer different types of habitat for food and shelter. Grazing activity mostly performed by domestic animals like cow, buffaloes, goat etc. however, the public consultation revealed the existence of Foxes, Hare, macaque in the study area. List of fauna present in study area is given in Table 4.13. Table 4.13 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area S. No. Local Name Zoological Name Family 1. Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 4. Indian Fox Vulpes benglensis Canidae 5. Common Stripped squirrel Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae 6. Field rat Bandicota bengalensis Muridae 7. Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae 8. Common India Porcupine Hystrix indica Hystricidae 9. Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae Source: Secondary sources and Public consultation 113. The reptile includes the snakes and lizards of various types. The agriculture field in the study area provides an ideal habitat for many snakes and other reptiles. Lizards such as Common skink, House lizard and garden lizard were observed during the present survey. Reptiles such as Common Indian krait, tree snake and Indian python were found occasionally in the dense vegetation areas as per-narrated by local people. The list of common reptiles found in the study area is shown in Table 4.14 Table 4.14 : List of reptiles found in the study area 43

S. No. Scientific Name English Name Family 1. Python molurus Indian python Pythonidae 2. Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae 3. Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae 4. Hemidactyhus flaviviridis House Lizard Gekkonidae 5. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Agamidae 6. Bungarus caeruleus Common India Krait Elapidae 7. Dendrelaphis tristis Tree snake Colubridae Source: Secondary sources and Public consultation 4.2.2.2 Avifauna

114. A total number of 15 species of birds were encountered during the present survey. Dominant bird species observed during the survey are blue rock pigeon, rose ringed parakeet, small blue kingfisher, green bee eater, house crow, common myna, house sparrow etc. List of bird species found in study area is given in Table 4.15 Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area S. No. Standard English Name Zoological Name Family 1. Gray Heron Ardea Cinerea Ardeidae 2. Paddy Bird Ardeola grayii Ardeidae 3. Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis Ardeidae 4. White egret Egretta alba Ardeidae 5. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae 6. Black parteidge Francolinus from Colinus Phasianidae 7. Gray partridge Francolinus pond- Phasianidae icerianus 8. Common or gray quail Cotuenix coturnix Phasianidae 9. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadridae 10. Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Charadridae 11. Common green pigeon Treron Phoenicoptera Collumbidae 12. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Collumbidae 13. Indian ring dove Streptopelia decaocto Collumbidae 14. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Collumbidae 15. Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittacidae 16. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri Psittacidae 17. Blossom headed parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae 18. Koel Eudynamys scolopaceae Cuculidae 19. Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae 20. Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae 21. Small Blue king fisher or Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Common king fisher 22. White breasted king fisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae

S. No. Standard English Name Zoological Name Family 23. Green bee eater Merops orientalis Meropidae 24. Indian roller blue jay Coracias benghalensis Coracidae 25. Indian pitta Pitta brachyuran Pittiade 26. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Orioladae 27. King crow; Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruidae 28. Large Racket tailed drango Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruidae 29. Pied myna Sturnus contra Sturnidae 30. Common myna Aeridotheres tristis Sturnidae 31. Jungle myna Aeridotheres Sturnidae 32. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae 33. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae 34. Red whisked bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnontidae 35. Redvented bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Pycnontidae 36. Jungle babbler Turdoidesstriatus Muscicapidae Timalinae 37. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae 38. Magpie Robin Copsychus-saularis Muscicapidae Turdinae 39. Indian Robin Saxicola fulicatus Muscicapidae Turdinae 40. Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae 41. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla glava Motacillidae 42. Purple sun Bird Nectarinia asiatica Nectarinidae 43. House sparrow Passer-domesticus passerinae 44. Weaver bird Ploceus philippinus passerinae 45. Red Munia Estrilda amandava Estrildinae Source: Secondary sources and Public consultation 4.2.2.3 Roadside Plantations 115. The major species observed are mango, teak, neem, jamun, palas, saja, seas am, mahua etc. The number of Trees along the project road within 20 m width is about 3947. It is observed that about 3947 nos. of trees exists within a formation width of 12.0 m. The Chainage-wise list of trees along the project road is given in Table 4.16. Table 4.16 : Trees along Project Road (within 20 m width) Chainage (km) Trees S. No. Total From To Left Right Mihona - Bhander 1 43.400 44.000 194 45 239 2 44.000 45.000 28 30 58 3 45.000 46.000 81 10 91 4 46.000 47.000 29 9 38 5 47.000 48.000 50 59 109 6 48.000 49.000 44 53 97 7 49.000 50.000 25 15 40 45

Chainage (km) Trees S. No. Total From To Left Right 8 50.000 51.000 32 25 57 9 51.000 52.000 11 11 22 10 52.000 53.000 11 8 19 11 53.000 54.000 20 9 29 12 54.000 55.000 15 7 22 13 55.000 56.000 13 5 18 14 56.000 57.000 22 12 34 15 57.000 58.000 17 18 35 16 58.000 59.000 270 80 350 17 59.000 60.000 24 16 40 18 60.000 61.000 56 7 63 19 61.000 62.000 29 10 39 20 62.000 63.000 8 15 23 21 63.000 64.000 18 13 31 22 64.000 65.000 23 9 32 23 65.000 66.000 15 11 26 24 66.000 67.000 10 17 27 25 67.000 68.000 13 40 53 26 68.000 69.000 50 35 85 27 69.000 70.000 8 12 20 28 70.000 71.000 17 10 27 29 71.000 72.000 28 8 36 30 72.000 73.000 9 15 24 31 73.000 74.000 11 20 31 32 74.000 75.000 12 9 21 33 75.000 76.000 3 7 10 34 76.000 77.000 33 10 43 35 77.000 78.000 6 13 19 36 78.000 79.000 14 5 19 37 79.000 80.000 50 9 59 38 80.000 81.000 16 4 20 39 81.000 82.000 10 6 16 40 82.000 83.000 8 11 19 41 83.000 84.000 6 8 14 42 84.000 85.000 5 6 11 43 85.000 86.000 3 10 13 44 86.000 87.000 30 18 48 45 87.000 88.000 51 90 141 46 88.000 89.000 60 100 160 47 89.000 90.000 20 20 40 48 90.000 91.000 30 30 60 49 91.000 92.000 25 12 37 50 92.000 93.000 35 15 50 51 93.000 94.000 56 25 81 52 94.000 95.000 33 35 68 53 95.000 96.000 40 18 58

Chainage (km) Trees S. No. Total From To Left Right 54 96.000 97.000 10 12 22 55 97.000 98.000 34 10 44 56 98.000 99.000 31 14 45 57 99.000 100.000 48 25 73 58 100.000 101.000 52 15 67 59 101.000 102.000 5 3 8 60 102.000 103.000 13 8 21 61 103.000 104.000 6 6 12 62 104.000 105.000 15 9 24 63 105.000 106.000 8 10 18 64 106.000 107.000 8 7 15 65 107.000 108.000 10 12 22 66 108.000 109.000 15 15 30 67 109.000 110.000 15 9 24 68 110.000 111.000 20 5 25 69 111.000 112.000 10 15 25 70 112.000 113.000 25 30 55 71 113.000 114.000 15 9 24 72 114.000 115.000 12 12 24 73 115.000 116.000 30 10 40 Bhander to Chirgaon 74 0.000 1.000 16 7 23 75 1.000 2.000 8 13 21 76 2.000 3.000 12 19 31 77 3.000 4.000 40 25 65 78 4.000 5.000 25 20 45 79 5.000 6.000 32 8 40 80 6.000 7.000 28 13 41 81 7.000 8.000 10 8 18 82 8.000 9.000 11 10 21 83 9.000 10.000 5 5 84 10.000 11.000 3 5 8 85 11.000 12.000 20 30 50 86 12.000 13.000 30 15 45 87 13.000 14.000 32 12 44 88 14.000 15.000 15 10 25 89 15.000 16.000 10 15 25 90 16.000 17.000 5 12 17 91 17.000 18.000 8 9 17 92 18.000 19.000 9 11 20 93 19.000 20.000 11 10 21 94 20.000 21.000 16 6 22 Total 2406 1541 3947 Source: DPR 4.2.3. Aquatic Ecology 47

116. No commercial fishing was observed in the project site. Small scale fishing was observed for local purpose. Two major fish species were observed viz. Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Catla (Catla catla) only during Monsoon period. There is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment 4.3.1. Economic Progress 117. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The gross domestic product of the state amounted to Rs. 304,720 million in 1990, in 1995 this figure amounted to Rs. 478,410 million, and in 2000 this figure was at Rs. 737,150 million. 4.3.1.1 Agriculture 118. In 2004-05, the state has produced about 14.1million tones of food grains (comprising Cereals 10.7million tonnes and 3.4million tonnes of pulses) and about 4.8 million tones of total Oilseed (Soyabean production is 3.75 million tones). The state has contributed 7.43% food grains, 8.7% cereals and 21.4% pulses to the national food storage. The contribution of national oil seed production was 22.1% in the 2003-04. Thus the state became highest producer of pulses and second oilseed producer in the country in 2003-04. 119. Economy of Bhind District: The economy of Bhind is mainly agriculture. Dairy is the main source of income of the farmers in the district. The crops cultivated in the Kharif season are soyabean, paddy, cotton, jowar, maize, bajra, pulses, sesamum, and sunflower. During the Rabi season, the crops cultivated are wheat, gram, peas, lahat and toria. 120. Economy of Datia District: The economy of Datia is Agriculture. Canal is the major source of irrigation Wheat-Paddy is the main cropping pattern of this region. Other important crops of this region are barley, maize, groundnut, gram, arhar, moong, jowar, mustard, linseed and soyabean. 4.3.1.2 Mineral Resources 121. Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals. There are large reserves of coal and important deposits of iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite, limestone, dolomite, copper, fire clay & china clay. Diamond reserves at Panna are of particular interest. There are 24 cement factories in the state. The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The reserves of dolomite (66 million tonnes), fuller’s earth (1.2 lakh million tonnes), clay (12030 million tonnes), lime stone, quartz etc. reported in project area. 4.3.1.3 Industries 122. The major industries of the state are electronics, telecommunications, petrochemicals,, food processing and automobiles. The state has also taken a lead in the production of cement. The state is also famous for its traditional handicrafts and handlooms manufactured at Chanderi and

Maheshwar. The major industrial unit in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. 123. In the project district Bhind about 417 small scale industries have been established through District Industry Centre, Bhind. Khadi Gram Udyog has established about 48 small scale industries which are providing employment to the people of the area. Rich in live-stock population ghee manufacturing in Bhind had been an important industry, along with rearing of livestock for milk and other milk products. Most of the industrial activities in the district are concentrated at Bhind town. In order to attract new entrepreneurs a scheme of establishing a Semi-Urban Industrial Estate was launched at Bhind in 1962-63, where in developed plots and constructed sheds were provided to industrial units. The Industrial estate of Bhind is situated at Lahar road, about 2 km from Bhind town and occupies an area of 10 acres. Most of the Large and Medium scale industries are located at Malanpur. Industrial giants like Cadbury, Godrej, Hotline etc are present at Malanpur. 124. In the project District Datia several small and large scale industries exists like Pipe manufacturing Industries, Granite industry, metal industries and edible oil production industries etc. 4.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities 4.3.2.1 Water Supply 125. Madhya Pradesh ranks among top states in accessibility and availability of safe drinking water supply. Nearly 90% of the total population gets safe drinking water. Projects districts are also richly endowed by groundwater and surface water resources. Groundwater is primarily used for drinking and domestic purposes in the project influence area. 4.3.2.2 Transportation 126. Madhya Pradesh is poorly served with transport and communication facilities. State has about 21km of roads per 100 sq. km, as amongst an all India average of 62 km per sq. km. The road network is deficient both in the quantum network connectivity as well as in riding quality of the roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. 127. The main railroads that pass through the state were originally laid down to connect the ports of Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkota with their surrounding areas. Important railway junctions include Bhopal, Ratlam, Khandwa, Itarsi and Katni. 128. Major airports connecting the states with other part of the country are at Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa and Khajuraho, as well as several national highways. 4.3.2.3 Power Sources and Availability 129. The state is well endowed with potential hydroelectric power. Main hydroelectric projects (jointly developed with other states) are the Babanthadi with Maharashtra, the Ban Sagar with Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the Chambal Valley with Rajasthan, Narmada Sagar with Gujarat and Rajasthan, and Rajghat and Urmil with Uttar Pradesh. The 49

Hasdeo Bango, Bargi, and Birsinghpur thermal power projects are also within the state. 130. Installed power capacity of Madhya Pradesh is 6305 MW, of which 2990MW is produced from state’s own projects, 1599 MW from joint- venture projects and 1716 MW from the central sector allocation. Per capita electricity consumption in the state is 270 Kwh. About 97.43% villages in the state have been electrified. Social and Cultural Resources. 4.4. Social and Cultural Resources 4.4.1. Population and Communities 131. Madhya Pradesh is a landlocked state in the central part of the country with a population of 60.3million with more than 74% of the population living in the rural areas. The population density of the state is 196 persons/km2 in comparison to 325 persons/km2 of India. Sex ratio of the state is 920 against the 933 in the country. 132. According to the census 2001, the state of Madhya Pradesh and India have following facts on Population (Table 4.17)

Table 4.17 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country S. No. Feature Madhya Pradesh India 1 Geographical Area (sq. km) 308824 3287240 2 Total Population 60385118 1028737436 3 Male population 31456873 532223090 4 Female population 28928245 496514346 5 Rural Population 44282528 742490639 6 Urban Population 16102590 286119689 7 Density 196 325 8 Sex ratio (female/1000 male) 920 933 9 Literacy (%) 64.08 64.8 Source: Census Data, Census of India, 2001

133. The project road is passing through two districts of Madhya Pradesh, Bhind and Datia covering 18 villages. These villages are listed in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18 : List of villages in the project road Town/Village Chainages Start End Mihona - Bhander Mihona 43/400 44/400 Ghari 45/100 46/600 Bhavanipura 48/500 48/600 Nabhua 49/100 49/600 Malpura 50/400 50/600 Lahar 52/640 57/100 Chorhi 64/600 64/800 Muravali 71/700 71/800 Daboh 78/100 80/200 Gora 81/800 82/200 Panaogar 96/100 96/700 Devra 105/100 105/300 Digrakhiriya 108/700 108/900 Bhander 113/200 114/400 Bhander - Chirgaon Bhander 0/000 1/700 Hashpur 3/000 3/200 Bindadna 13/200 14/000 Nibi 14/700 --- Source: DPR 134. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 10869 whereon the total population is 68024.Out of these, about 80 % is general. The SC/ST population accounts for about 20% of the total population as shown in Fig. The Figure 4.5 also reveals that the gender ratio among SC/ST population is almost the same.

0.52% 19.38%

Gen SC ST

80.11%

Source: Census of India, 2001 Figure 4.5 Demographic Status of the Project Section 4.4.2. Literacy 135. The overall literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is 64.08%, which is almost equivalent to the countries literacy rate (64.8%) (Refer table 1.13 above). 51

The project road passing through two districts of Madhya Pradesh covering 8 villages have total literacy rate of 63.12%. The population of literate male (61.32%) is comparatively high than female literate (38.67%) as shown in Figure 4.6.

30000 LIT ILL 25000

20000

15000

10000 Populations (Nos) Populations 5000

0 Male Female

Figure 4.6 : Literacy rate along the project section 4.4.3. Occupational Status 136. In the villages of the project road 29.97 % of the total population comprise of the workforce. 80.9% comprise the male working class population. Marginal population of villages of the project road is 5 % with 52.53% represented by female population. Maximum percentage of the workers is in the agriculture sector as cultivators or agricultural labourers is shown in Figure 4.7

25% 28% MAIN WORKER MAIN CL MARG WORKER MAIN AL NON WORKER MAIN HH 5% MAIN OT 61% 8% 70% 3%

Figure 4.7 : Occupational status Along the Alignment 4.4.4. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples 137. Tribal population in the project area is very low (0.51 % in the project area). Those living, are in the mainstream of the society and do not depend on forest and its resources for any purpose. 4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance 138. There is no such site of significance either impacted or in the close vicinity of the project area. 4.4.5.1 Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others 139. The project road does not pass through any Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted area.

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 140. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature, and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to ascertain likely direct and indirect impacts during design, construction and operation stages of the project. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major. The mitigation measures have been presented along with the impacts. . 141. During the field study, a number of informal consultations were held with people in the locality including those presently living along the various stretches of the sub project corridor. Some NGOs working in the areas were also contacted. Discussions were held with various concerned Government authorities like with Forests Departments, pollution control boards, State environmental impact assessment authority. Outcome of these consultations is referred for environmental impact assessment and designing of mitigative measures. 5.1. Impact on Physical Environment 5.1.1. Climate Design and Construction Phase 142. Project will have no impact on climate of the area. The subproject may have minor impact on weather conditions of the area due to cutting of the 337 trees. Mitigation Measures 143. All efforts are made to minimise the cutting the trees through suitable design modifications. Supervision consultants will further ensure minimal cutting of the trees during the construction stage. The compensatory afforestation shall be made on the basis 1:7. The plantations shall begin with start of construction. The survival of plantation will be ensured, even if they are planted through concerned forest department. Tree of native variety only will be planted. In addition to above plantation, additional trees shall be planted through village Panchayats to improve microclimatic conditions of the area. Operation Stage 144. The sub-project road is located in vast open agricultural land which will provide adequate dispersion of gaseous emission from vehicle. Further, extensive plantation will ameliorate/enhance the micro-climate. It also has associated benefits with respect to Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction. The GHG emission reduction is anticipated due to improved road conditions and better connectivity. The GHG reduction is anticipated due to reduced idling of vehicle.

Mitigation Measures 145. It is proposed that MPRDC may initiate study to assess the GHG emission reduction and reap the economic benefits from road improvement projects including higher tree plantation. 5.1.2. Natural Hazard 146. Flood: The project section is having rolling terrain at few locations which has the possibility of getting flooded during monsoon due to low level of the alignment and choking of drains. 147. Earthquake: The sub project roads lies in seismic zone II/III as per classification by Bureau of Indian Standards. This means lower to medium seismic intensity. Mitigation Measures 148. In order to prevent the flood-like situation section, the volume of the culverts in this section must be increased inorder to increase their carrying capacity. Further, the height of the embankment must be adequately raised above the present level to avoid any water logging on the road. 149. All subproject structures shall be designed with consideration of above seismicity.

5.1.3. Air Quality Design and Construction Phase 150. The potential sources of air emission during the construction phase of the project are: (i) dust from earth works (during site preparation), (ii) emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines, (iii) fugitive emissions from vehicles plying on the road, (iv) fugitive emissions during the transport of construction materials, (v) air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons particularly from the hot mix plants, and (vi) localised increased traffic congestion in construction areas. Most of the emissions will be in the form of coarse particulate matter which will settle down in close vicinity of construction site. Hot mix plant will generate carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas, especially, due to emission discharge from low height of the stack. However, this will be a temporary phase and hence, no significant impact is envisaged. 151. The stone aggregate will be sourced from licensed quarries. No new quarries shall be open for the project. The pollution related aspects to these quarries are independently complied by the quarry owner. Mitigation Measures 152. Road pavement design should be such that tyre friction due to vehicle movement will be reduced. Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and aggregates shall be covered. Dust suppression measures like water sprinkling, water fogging shall be applied in all dust prone 55

locations such as unpaved haulage roads5, earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing plant areas. PPE shall be provided to the construction workers to minimise inhalation of respirable suspended particulate matter. 153. Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. Contractor shall obtain consent to establish and operate from concerned State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before its use for the project road. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height (30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height. Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. LPG should be used as fuel source in construction camps instead of wood, wherever possible. 154. Air quality monitoring shall be carried out during construction phase. Suitable pollution control measures shall be adopted if monitored parameters are found above the prescribed limit. 155. The aggregate will be transported in covered trucks through existing national and state highways. Operation Phase 156. The bad road conditions, the idling of vehicles are the main causes of the air and noise pollution at present. The improved road conditions will result in the improved ambient air quality. Since traffic is projected to increase with improved roads and better connectivity, the impact will remain more or less same. Since subproject is largely traverse through vast open agriculture areas, which provides adequate dispersion to gaseous pollutants generated from vehicles. Mitigation Measures 157. It is proposed to maintain the road conditions including shoulders and embankment turfing. Thick trees shall be planted close to sensitive locations such as hospital, school boundaries and near religious places. 158. Caution sign for speed regulation and lane driving shall be fixed near habitat areas. Educative awareness boards for safe and fuel efficient driving shall be fixed at selective locations. 5.1.4. Noise Design and Construction Phase 159. Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of various construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles and earthmoving equipment. These construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB(A) (at a distance of about 5 m from the source). Although this level of noise is higher the permissible limit for ambient noise level for residential/commercial levels but will occur only intermittently and temporary. This noise level will

5 Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% to 98%

attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. Impact due to noise during construction activities will be minimal to inhabitants since most of the built-up areas are located at safer distance from the road. However, there are few noise sensitive locations especially schools close to the alignment (Table 5.1)

Table 5.1 : Noise-Sensitive Locations along the Alignment Offset from Chainage S. No. Village District Feature Side the edge of (km) the road(m) Mihona - Bhander 1 49.320 Nabhua Bhind School Left 5.3 2 54.900 Lahar Bhind School Right 9.1 3 55.610 Lahar Bhind Hospital Left 4.7 4 78.480 Daboh Bhind Temple Right 3.4 5 82.050 Gora Bhind Temple Left 6.8 6 113.600 Bhander Datia Temple Left 9.4 7 113.700 Bhander Datia Temple Left 6.2 Bhander - Chirgaon 8 13.510 Bindadna Datia Temple Left 3.8 9 13.510 Bindadna Datia Temple Right 2.7 10 13.610 Bindadna Datia Temple Left 9.8 Source: DPR Mitigation Measures 160. Vehicles and equipments should be fitted with silencers and maintained well. The workers shall be provided with personal protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. Tree plantation shall be started along with the construction activities. Noise and vibration monitoring shall be carried out as per the suggested monitoring plan. The construction equipments/machinery (stationary) shall be placed away from habitat areas. Operation Phase 161. During the operational phase, movement of traffic will be the prime source of noise. Traffic congestion and pedestrian interferences increase the use of horns. This may result in increased noise levels at commercial areas, nearby schools and religious places. Mitigation Measures 162. Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and honking restrictions may be enforced near sensitive locations especially at Bindadna (13.2), Bhander (Ch. 0.0), Daboh (78.1), Lahar (52.6), Mihona (43.4). Multilayer trees shall be planted close to the sensitive locations.

5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil 5.1.5.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use Design and Construction Phase 163. No land use will change due to the project since required ROW is available throughout the alignment. Land use though will change temporarily of construction camp areas and for the period of construction. This will also result in loss of soil productivity. 164. Land use may also change due to borrowing the earth. Land will also loose its productivity if top soil is not preserved. Mitigation Measures 165. It shall be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road and construction camp is restored back to its original land use before handing it over back to land owner. 166. The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas etc.) shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. Operation Phase 167. The better access can lead to conversion of agriculture land for residential and commercial purposes close to roads and especially in rural and urban area. This may result in loss of productive land and agricultural produce. Mitigation Measures 168. The EA may explore the feasibility of restricting about 50 m area on either side of the road as no development zone on the line restriction is imposed for National Highways in India. 5.1.5.2 Soil Erosion Design and Construction Phase 169. Soil erosion may take place along steep and uncompacted embankment slope, and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative effect viz. siltation, embankment damage, drainage problem etc. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stock-piles may also lead to siltation. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern. Mitigation Measures 170. Bank protection measures shall be taken at erosion prone areas. The protection measures may include use of geo-textiles matting. Provision of side drain shall be made to guide the water to natural outfalls. Stone pitching shall be carried out wherever necessary. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. Side slopes of the embankment shall not be steeper than 2H:1V. Turfing/bio-turfing of embankment and slopes shall be done along

the stretch. IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion. 171. Though terrain is flat all through the stretch, except at few locations where it is rolling terrain. Therefore, all steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area. Operation Phase 172. Soil of steep slopes of embankment and near bridge approaches may erode the embankment formation due to unexpected rainfall. Soil erosion condition may arise if borrow areas are not stabilized/restored properly. Regular visual checking of effectiveness of soil erosion measures (turfing, stone pitching, etc.) shall form part of the environmental monitoring during project operation. Regular monitoring and maintenance of side drains and cross drainage structures will also be carried out to check and avoid any drainage blockage situation. Regular monitoring for effectiveness of soil erosion measures (turfing, stone pitching, etc.) shall form part of the environmental monitoring during project operation). Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent them at newer locations. 5.1.5.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries Design and Construction Phase 173. The project area is generally having a flat terrain with some portion under rolling terrain, particularly between Bhander-Chirgaon section. Farmers were ready to provide earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation, it is recommended that borrowing from agricultural land shall be minimised to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed from already low lying areas. 174. Borrow areas if left un-rehabilitated may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease. 175. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. Quarry material will be sourced from existing nearby quarries. Mitigation Measures 176. It is recommended that borrowing from agricultural land shall be minimised to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed from already low lying areas. 177. Borrow pits shall be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. 59

Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed 178. The depths in borrow pits should be so regulated that the sides are not be steeper than 25%. To the extent possible, borrow areas shall be sited away from habited areas. Borrow areas shall be levelled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into intended use as per the requirement of land owner/community. The borrow area shall be located/ rehabilitated as per the guidelines given at Appendix 5.1. 5.1.5.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil Design and Construction Phase 179. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries, equipments and due to siting of construction camps and workshops. 180. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps. Mitigation Measures 181. To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp. Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non- biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Efforts shall be made that bio-degradable waste shall be composted in the mechanised and movable composter by the contractor. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured. 182. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners.

Operation Stage 183. No impact on soil is anticipated during operation phase of the project except along slope lying areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas if not rehabilitated properly. Mitigation measures 184. Erosion prone areas shall be visually checked periodically for any erosion and appropriate corrective action shall be taken if any erosion is identified. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade situation. 5.1.6. Groundwater Design and Construction Stage 185. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and domestic purposes in the workers camp. These requirements will be mainly sourced from groundwater (approximately 400 KL per day). However, any uncontrolled abstraction can further deteriorate the situation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Mitigation Measures 186. Requisite permission shall be obtained for abstraction of groundwater from State Ground Water Board/Central Ground Water Authority. 187. The contractor shall make arrangements for water required during construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected depending on site specific conditions. 188. Water intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible. 189. Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting. Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity.

Operation Stage 190. No impact is anticipated on groundwater due to the project during operation phase, hence, no specific mitigation is proposed. 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies Design and Construction Stage 191. The project section is being crossed by Mriga and Pahuj Rivers which dry up during non-monsoon period. Hence, no impact is envisaged on surface water bodies in the project section. Further, minimal impacts are anticipated on new water harvesting ponds that maybe formed from borrow areas. 61

192. Since most of the major water bodies are seasonal in nature, siltation impact due to bridge rehabilitation works will be negligible, if construction debris/other waste are cleared immediately after construction. The temporary pollution of water bodies from spillage of chemicals and oil at construction sites and waste from construction camps may occur. Soil erosion has direct bearing on siltation. The siltation likely to be caused due to bank erosion has already been addressed above in soil erosion section. 193. Accidental oil and chemicals spills can contaminate the water. Mitigation Measure 194. Siltation Issues: Required mitigation as suggested in soil erosion section shall be taken into consideration. Bridge rehabilitation activity is recommended during non-monsoon (mid-September to mid-June) period. Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated. Chute drains shall be provided to drain surface runoff and prevent erosion from slopes. 195. Fuel and Lubricant Spillage Issue: All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. No vehicles or equipment should be parked or refuelled near water-bodies, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants. All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. The emergency response procedures including reporting, preferably written in the local language and simple to understand shall be provided by the contractors. The slopes of embankments leading to water bodies should be modified and re-channelised to prevent entry of contaminants. Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away from habitation and water bodies. 196. Waste Disposal Issues: All wastes arising from the construction should be disposed in an environmentally accepted manner so as not to block the flow of water in the channels. The wastes should be collected, stored and transported to the approved disposal sites. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will be treated through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies. Operation Stage 197. No major or long-term impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies due to the project implementation activities. Oil-contaminated runoff from the road during monsoon will have minimal impacts considering their low concentration. However, regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockage of drains. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures to ensure for its effective maintenance.

5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage Design and Construction Stage 198. The activities involved with proposed road development will be carried out along with existing alignment. No new bridge is proposed to be constructed. Existing bridges/cross drainage structures are only to be improved. Diversion of water channels during rehabilitation of cross drainage structures is not envisaged. Mitigation Measures 199. Elaborate drainage system shall be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area. The design of drainage system such as surface and sub-surface drainage shall be carried out as per IRC: SP: 42 and IRC: SP: 50. Surface runoff from the main highway, embankment slopes and the service roads shall be discharged through longitudinal drains, designed for adequate cross section, bed slopes, invert levels and the outfalls. If necessary, the walls of the drains shall be designed to retain the adjoining earth. IRC: 34- 1970: Recommendations for road construction in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments shall be referred. 200. Provision of additional cross drainage structure shall be made in the areas where nearby land is sloping towards road alignment in both the both sides. Operation Stage 201. Water accumulation incidence may occur due to inadequate availability of cross drainage structure or clogging of cross drainage structures. Mitigation Measures 202. Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt shall be done from drainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions will be regularly conducted.

5.2. Impact on Biological Environment 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 203. To minimise the impact, it is estimated that out of 3947 trees about 337 will be cut due to the proposed road improvement work. The impact and mitigation due to tree cutting has been discussed in following paragraphs. Design and Construction Stage 204. One month before the construction starts, clearing and grubbing will be performed by the contractor. All trees within the ROW with 300 mm diameter at 1 m above the ground will be cut, including the removal of stumps. All stumps and roots of trees of girth more than 33 mm at above 1 m from the ground level will be culled. 63

205. There are altogether 337 trees likely to be affected due to the project. Most of the roadside trees are non-fruit bearing in nature. list of trees that will be cut is given in Table 5.2. The cutting of trees will have minor to negligible impact on local environment. Moreover, this will be temporary since large number of trees have been planned to be planted on both sides of the road. This will improve the local climatic conditions in long term.

Table 5.2 List of Trees Cut

S. No. Proposed Chainage (km) Side Offset from Centreline (m) Bhind District - Mihona to Bhander (43.400 to 115.030) 1 43.410 Left 3.8 2 43.710 Right 4.0 3 43.770 Right 3.9 4 43.780 Right 4.0 5 44.070 Left 4.1 6 44.100 Right 4.2 7 44.160 Right 3.9 8 44.280 Left 3.8 9 44.280 Left 4.0 10 44.290 Right 3.9 11 44.300 Right 4.0 12 44.320 Right 4.1 13 44.460 Left 4.2 14 44.570 Left 3.9 15 44.580 Left 3.8 16 44.580 Right 4.0 17 44.680 Left 3.9 18 44.680 Right 4.0 19 44.690 Left 4.1 20 44.800 Left 4.2 21 44.930 Right 3.9 22 44.380 Left 3.8 23 45.020 Left 4.0 24 45.050 Left 3.9 25 45.090 Right 4.0 26 45.100 Left 4.1 27 45.130 Left 4.2 28 45.510 Left 3.9 29 45.560 Right 3.8 30 45.680 Right 4.0 31 45.880 Left 3.9 32 45.920 Right 4.0 33 46.260 Left 4.1 34 46.260 Left 4.2 35 46.350 Left 3.9 36 46.350 Left 3.8 37 46.750 Right 4.0 38 46.920 Right 3.9 39 46.930 Left 4.0 40 46.940 Left 4.1 41 47.090 Right 4.2

S. No. Proposed Chainage (km) Side Offset from Centreline (m) 42 47.250 Left 3.9 43 47.300 Right 5.0 44 47.300 Right 4.2 45 47.340 Right 4.3 46 47.380 Left 4.4 47 47.390 Right 4.6 48 47.450 Right 4.5 49 47.460 Left 4.2 50 47.560 Left 3.8 51 48.020 Right 4.0 52 48.500 Left 4.1 53 48.560 Right 4.2 54 48.600 Right 4.3 55 48.930 Left 5.0 56 49.250 Left 4.3 57 50.220 Right 4.1 58 50.240 Left 4.3 59 50.240 Right 4.1 60 50.280 Right 4.3 61 50.380 Right 5.0 62 50.610 Right 4.2 63 50.710 Right 3.9 64 50.780 Left 3.8 65 50.810 Right 4.0 66 50.860 Right 3.9 67 50.940 Right 4.0 68 50.950 Left 4.1 69 50.960 Left 4.2 70 50.960 Right 3.9 71 50.970 Right 5.0 72 50.980 Left 4.2 73 50.980 Right 4.3 74 50.990 Right 4.6 75 51.000 Right 4.2 76 51.010 Right 4.1 77 51.020 Right 3.9 78 51.030 Left 5.0 79 51.040 Right 4.3 80 51.050 Right 4.5 81 51.060 Right 3.8 82 51.100 Left 3.9 83 51.120 Left 4.1 84 51.280 Left 4.1 85 51.300 Left 4.2 86 51.390 Left 4.6 87 51.390 Right 4.5 88 51.400 Left 4.2 89 51.420 Left 3.8 90 51.450 Left 3.7 91 51.460 Left 3.9 92 51.480 Left 4.0 93 51.630 Right 4.0 65

S. No. Proposed Chainage (km) Side Offset from Centreline (m) 94 51.700 Right 4.1 95 51.740 Right 4.3 96 51.760 Right 4.2 97 51.780 Right 4.2 98 51.970 Right 4.3 99 51.980 Right 4.3 100 51.990 Left 3.9 101 57.090 Right 4.1 102 57.510 Right 3.9 103 57.520 Right 4.1 104 57.530 Right 4.1 105 57.710 Right 4.2 106 57.740 Right 4.6 107 57.740 Left 4.5 108 57.750 Left 4.2 109 57.890 Right 3.8 110 57.890 Right 3.7 111 57.900 Right 3.9 112 60.220 Right 4.0 113 61.110 Left 4.0 114 61.110 Right 4.1 115 61.280 Right 3.9 116 61.290 Left 4.1 117 61.640 Right 4.1 118 61.790 Left 4.2 119 61.840 Right 4.6 120 61.850 Right 4.5 121 62.020 Right 4.2 122 62.020 Right 3.8 123 62.090 Right 3.7 124 62.190 Right 3.9 125 62.460 Right 4.0 126 62.690 Left 4.0 127 62.720 Left 4.1 128 62.950 Left 3.9 129 63.020 Left 4.1 130 63.090 Right 4.1 131 63.290 Left 4.2 132 63.350 Right 4.6 133 63.360 Left 4.5 134 63.630 Left 4.2 135 63.700 Right 3.8 136 63.860 Left 3.7 137 63.870 Right 3.9 138 63.960 Right 4.0 139 63.980 Left 4.0 140 64.200 Left 4.1 141 64.520 Left 3.9 142 64.540 Left 4.1 143 64.550 Right 4.1 144 64.610 Left 4.2 145 66.040 Left 4.6

S. No. Proposed Chainage (km) Side Offset from Centreline (m) 146 66.120 Left 4.5 147 66.280 Left 4.2 148 66.520 Left 3.8 149 67.800 Left 3.7 150 68.200 Left 3.9 151 68.500 Left 4.0 152 68.760 Left 4.0 153 68.820 Left 4.1 154 68.820 Right 4.5 155 68.890 Left 4.2 156 68.900 Right 3.8 157 69.090 Left 3.7 158 69.110 Left 3.9 159 71.010 Right 4.0 160 71.190 Left 4.0 161 71.250 Left 4.1 162 71.270 Left 3.9 163 71.300 Left 4.1 164 71.350 Left 4.1 165 71.360 Right 4.2 166 71.600 Right 4.6 167 71.650 Right 3.9 168 71.660 Left 4.0 169 72.190 Right 4.0 170 72.200 Left 4.1 171 72.990 Right 4.5 172 73.640 Right 3.9 173 74.040 Right 4.0 174 74.360 Left 4.0 175 75.260 Left 4.1 176 75.310 Right 4.5 177 76.800 Right 3.9 178 76.910 Left 4.0 179 76.930 Right 4.0 180 76.980 Left 4.1 181 77.130 Left 4.5 182 77.220 Left 3.9 183 77.630 Left 4.0 184 78.150 Right 4.0 185 78.180 Left 4.1 186 79.530 Left 4.5 187 79.090 Left 3.9 188 80.530 Left 4.0 189 80.560 Left 4.0 190 80.670 Left 4.1 191 81.020 Right 4.0 192 81.060 Left 4.0 193 81.180 Left 4.1 194 81.190 Right 3.9 195 81.210 Right 4.1 196 81.240 Right 4.1 197 81.260 Left 4.2 67

S. No. Proposed Chainage (km) Side Offset from Centreline (m) 198 81.600 Right 4.6 199 81.610 Right 3.9 200 81.630 Left 4.0 201 82.140 Left 4.0 202 82.140 Right 4.1 203 82.250 Left 4.5 204 82.250 Right 3.9 205 82.350 Left 4.0 206 82.580 Left 4.0 207 82.670 Right 4.1 208 82.700 Left 4.5 209 82.770 Left 3.9 210 82.970 Left 4.0 211 83.570 Left 4.0 212 83.580 Left 4.1 213 83.610 Left 3.9 214 83.620 Left 4.1 215 83.730 Left 4.1 216 83.740 Right 4.2 217 83.750 Right 4.6 218 84.210 Left 3.9 219 84.310 Left 4.0 220 84.320 Left 4.0 221 84.330 Left 4.1 222 84.350 Left 4.5 223 84.360 Left 3.9 224 84.380 Right 4.0 225 84.400 Left 4.0 226 84.600 Left 4.1 227 84.910 Left 4.5 228 85.260 Left 3.9 229 85.570 Right 4.0 230 85.660 Left 4.0 231 85.720 Left 4.1 232 86.250 Left 3.9 233 85.260 Right 4.1 234 87.620 Right 4.1 235 87.690 Left 4.2 236 87.690 Right 4.6 237 87.700 Right 3.9 238 87.940 Right 4.0 239 87.960 Right 4.0 240 87.990 Right 4.1 241 88.210 Left 4.5 242 88.210 Right 3.9 243 88.390 Left 4.0 244 88.400 Right 4.0 245 88.430 Right 4.1 246 88.450 Right 4.5 247 88.460 Right 3.9 248 88.490 Right 4.0 249 88.560 Right 4.2

S. No. Proposed Chainage (km) Side Offset from Centreline (m) 250 88.640 Right 3.8 251 88.780 Left 3.9 252 88.800 Left 4.1 253 88.900 Left 4.5 254 89.000 Left 3.9 255 89.150 Right 4.0 256 89.200 Right 4.0 257 89.390 Right 4.1 258 89.500 Left 4.5 259 89.530 Right 3.9 260 89.660 Left 4.0 261 90.030 Right 4.0 262 90.110 Left 4.1 263 90.180 Left 3.9 264 90.190 Right 4.1 265 90.200 Right 4.1 266 90.230 Right 4.2 267 90.260 Left 4.6 268 90.360 Right 4.1 269 90.450 Right 4.5 270 90.600 Left 3.9 271 90.610 Right 4.0 272 90.700 Right 4.0 273 90.740 Left 4.1 274 90.830 Right 4.5 275 90.900 Right 3.9 276 90.990 Left 4.0 277 91.650 Right 4.0 278 91.670 Left 4.1 279 91.720 Left 3.9 280 91.720 Right 4.1 281 92.380 Left 4.1 282 92.390 Right 4.2 283 92.420 Right 4.6 284 92.440 Left 4.1 285 93.030 Right 4.0 286 93.250 Right 4.1 287 93.310 Right 4.5 288 94.050 Left 3.9 289 94.130 Left 4.0 290 111.690 Left 4.1 291 111.760 Left 3.9 292 111.700 Left 4.1 293 111.800 Right 4.0 294 111.830 Right 4.0 295 111.900 Left 4.0 296 112.880 Left 4.1 297 112.900 Left 4.1 298 113.100 Right 3.9 299 113.830 Left 4.0 300 114.400 Right 4.0 301 114.140 Left 4.1 69

S. No. Proposed Chainage (km) Side Offset from Centreline (m) 302 114.190 Left 4.1 303 114.320 Left 3.9 304 114.640 Left 4.0 305 114.750 Right 4.0 306 114.760 Left 4.1 307 115.200 Right 4.1 308 115.240 Right 3.9 309 115.660 Right 4.1 Datia District-Bhander to Chirgaon (115.030 to 129.600) 310 117.260 Left 3.9 311 117.500 Left 4.1 312 117.530 Left 4.2 313 117.540 Right 4.1 314 117.730 Left 4.2 315 119.040 Right 4.3 316 119.290 Right 4.0 317 119.480 Left 4.0 318 119.690 Right 4.2 319 119.700 Right 4.2 320 119.890 Right 4.1 321 119.910 Right 3.8 322 119.920 Left 4.0 323 120.230 Left 4.1 324 120.430 Right 4.5 325 120.760 Left 4.0 326 120.770 Right 4.1 327 120.810 Right 4.1 328 120.870 Left 4.1 329 120.900 Left 4.5 330 121.010 Right 4.0 331 121.020 Right 4.1 332 121.070 Right 4.1 333 122.560 Left 4.1 334 124.200 Right 4.5 335 126.280 Right 4.0 336 126.350 Left 4.1 337 126.790 Right 4.1 Source: DPR and Strip Mapping Mitigation Measures 206. Requisite permission from forest department shall be obtained for cutting of roadside trees. 207. The project envisages plantation of approximately 2359 trees along both sides of road as per IRC SP: 21 specifications. This will include the compensatory plantation as per prevailing guidelines of State’s forest department on 1:5 basis replacement rates. Besides, additional plantation on 1:2 shall be done to enhance the aesthetics and check soil erosion. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department.

208. A range of 10-15 m centre-to-centre is recommended for spacing of trees (parallel to the road). Setback distance of trees in different situations shall be based on IRC: SP: 21 and IRC: 66. The distance between the kerb, if any, and the nearest edge of tree trunk shall be at least 2 m. The plantation in median shall comprise shrubs whose height would normally not exceed 1-1.5 m and shall be as per IRC SP: 21. 209. For safe traffic operation, vertical clearance between the crown of the carriageway and lowest part of overhang of the tree available across the roadway shall conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements shall also conform to the above standard. Excess use of pesticides shall be restricted. Planting shall be such that it does not obstruct the visibility of traffic from any side and shall be pleasing in appearance. Operation Stage 210. Positive impacts on terrestrial ecology are expected during the project operation due to the increase in vegetation and landscaping along the state highway. The Project will coordinate with the local communities to maintain and enhance the trees planted along the state road. ”No adverse impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management“. 211. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management. Mitigation Measures 212. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The Social Forest Department or Divisional Forest Offices shall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the programme. 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology Design and Construction Stage 213. Large scale/organised fishing was not observed in the rivers/water bodies of the project area. All water bodies are seasonal in nature 214. Improvement of existing embankments particularly along the waterways will increase silt while accidental spill of materials, chemicals, and fuels will deteriorate receiving water quality. Mitigation Measures 215. Siltation shall be avoided by measures suggested in Para 173. Operation Stage 216. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. However, periodic surveillance shall be conducted to check erosion and siltation in major water bodies. 71

5.2.3. Fauna Design and Construction Stage 217. Movement of herbivores like Cattle, Goats, Cows, Bulls etc., have been observed in the project section. Mitigation measures 218. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible by restricting the construction time from 6 am – 6 pm. No food and waste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat. 219. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise in these areas. Operation Stage 220. Movement of herbivores like Cattle, Goats, Cows, Bulls was observed in the project area. Mitigation measures 221. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible. No food and waste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat. 222. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise in these areas. 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste 223. Quarry dust and unused iron bars or damaged support structures constitute significant wastes. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been given in construction camp section.

Mitigation measures 224. The existing bitumen surface can be utilized for paving of crossroads, access roads, and paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, haulage routes etc. 225. All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. 226. Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. 227. Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. 228. The locations of dumping sites should be selected with following considerations. 229. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected for dumping sites.

230. Away from residential areas and located at least 1000 m downwind side of these locations, 231. Dumping sites do not contaminate any water sources, rivers etc, and 232. Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. 233. Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats about the location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location. 234. Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use. Rectification includes plugging holes, and straightening bent steel props. 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact 235. Assessment of project impact on socio-economic conditions point to the conclusions that positive benefits are many fold compared to its adverse impact. 5.4.1. Positive Impacts 236. Road-side economic activities will increase due to increased number of vehicle using the road. Economic activities supporting transport like gasoline stations, automotive repair shops, lodging, and restaurants are expected to increase. Increase agro-industrial activities are also expected to take advantage of improved access to urban centres where there are higher demands and better prices for agricultural products. Other generic benefits of such projects are (i) Reduction in travel time (ii) better mode and frequency of transport (iii) access to quality health care facilities, educational and other infrastructural facilities (iv) enhanced tourism activities in the area and state which in many terms will boost the local economy (v) better investment climate for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people. 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts 237. Minor losses like problems in accessibility and community linkage, health and safety during and after construction, and temporary change in demographic configuration are mitigable with minor to negligible residual impacts. 5.4.2.1 Impacts due to Construction Camp and Immigration of Workers 238. Poor siting and improper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) Poor sanitation may result to transmission of communicable diseases among the workers and the host communities. This include the possible spread of sexually transmitted disease, diseases from improper handling and supply of foodstuffs, poor water supply, insect-borne diseases, and alcoholic and drug. 73

Mitigation measures 239. Construction camp shall be sited at such locations so as to utilise the existing infrastructure. No productive land should be utilised for construction camp. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions to avoid water stagnation and necessary provisions for adequate drainage must be made. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation and water bodies. 240. All construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. The possibility of using LPG cylinders as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting should be explored. 241. At every workplace, the Contactor will ensure, in collaboration with local health authorities that a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. 242. The Contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus between and among the workers and community, promote early diagnosis and assist affected individuals. Activities under the program include monthly information, education, and consultation communication campaigns to workers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk, dangers, and impacts of STD and HIV/AIDS. 243. The Contractor will ensure that sufficient supply of suitable and hygienically prepared food at reasonable price is available to the workers. 244. The Contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers. 245. The Contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. 246. No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, and barter to the workers of host community. 247. Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers. Regular health check-up and immunization camps shall also be organized for the workers and nearby population. 5.4.2.2 Safety of Construction Workers and Accident Risk to Local Community Design and Construction Stage

248. The following safety aspects viz. (i) safety of construction workers, (ii) safety of road users including pedestrians and cyclists (iii) safety to cattle; (iv) safety of local community (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage and (v) conduct of safety audit. Mitigation measures 249. During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Internationally accepted and widely used safety procedures should be followed during (i) road works (ii) handling of large construction equipment and machineries, (iii) handling of chemicals and hazardous materials and inflammable substances (iii) welding (iv) electrical works etc. A set of mitigation measures for construction workers have been provided in EMP matrix table. 250. Contractor shall arrange all PPEs for workers, first-aid and fire fighting equipments at construction sites. An emergency plan shall be prepared duly approved by engineer in charge to respond to any instance of safety hazard. The contractor will be required to appoint an Accident Prevention Officer (APO) who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites. The APO will have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents. 251. The partial control on access for the project road shall be achieved through measures like service road with physical separation for local traffic, intersections, acceleration/deceleration lanes, vehicular and pedestrian underpasses, median openings with shelter lane. 252. Grade separated intersections/junctions shall be provided at all major intersections in consistent to IRC: 92 253. Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle passageways shall be provided near identified locations. These facilities shall be planned in accordance with the relevant provisions contained in IRC-11, IRC-17 and IRC-103. The crossing facilities can be designed either in conjunction with grade intersections or through underpasses. 254. To avoid disruption of the existing traffic due to construction activities, comprehensive traffic management plan shall be drawn up by the concessionaire. Traffic in construction zones shall be managed as per the provisions of IRC SP 55. 255. After construction is completed in a particular zone, it shall be opened for normal operation. All diversions/access roads should be closed before start of normal operation. 256. Use of retro-reflectorized traffic signs, and cantilever/gantry types overhead signs, thermoplastic road marking paints, delineators, traffic cones, empty bitumen drums, barricades, and flagmen will be used to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures adopted during construction. The audit will cover manpower and their safety, machinery, temporary works, equipment and vehicles, materials storage and handling, construction procedures, environment, site safety guidelines, and miscellaneous services. 75

Operation phase 257. Important issues related with safety during operational phase are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires especially near habited areas. Mitigation Measures 258. It is proposed to explore the feasibility of providing the following facilities:

o Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling to provide assistance to the users in case of any need, monitor the travel conditions to provide information to the control section and to undertake immediate measures for managing the traffic flow in case of any incident.

o Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims.

o Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles. 259. MPRDC may also explore the possibility of coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate.

5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic Construction Phase 260. Disruption of access to infrastructure or social resource due to construction activity will cause nuisance and to a certain extent additional cost to the public in terms of longer travel period due to diversion or heavier traffic. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated. Mitigation Measures 261. The contractor will submit a Traffic Plan to the Project Engineer at least two weeks before the construction starts that will result to obstruction. The plan will include a drawing of temporary diversions and details of arrangement. It will also include plan for transportation of raw materials like quarry, sand etc. A section of the traffic plan will be a control plan that details how the safety of the pedestrians and workers and delineation of the roadway at night. This plan will recommend for approval of safe and convenient temporary diversion of traffic during construction, design of barricades, delineators, signs, markings, lights, and flagmen, among others. 262. Paved shoulder will be provided on one side of the existing road by the contractor with the following minimum requirements: • At least one 3.5 m lane to remain to traffic at all times • The surface used by the through traffic will be firm bituminous compacted surface free of defect

• The maximum continuous length over which construction under traffic may take place is limited to 750 meters. • Construction activity will be restricted to only one side of the existing road. 263. On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. These paved diversions will comply with standards on junctions and temporary cross drainage. 264. Transportation of quarry material to the construction sites through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible. This will restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. Small vehicles/un-motorised vehicle can also be used for its further transportation to the construction sites from temporary storage areas. 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials 265. The construction material primarily will consist off aggregate, sand, cement, bitumen, lubricating oil and fuel for vehicle and construction equipments. These will be stored temporarily at construction camps. Oils, fuels and chemicals will be stored on concreted platform with spill collection pits while cement will be stored under cover. All these temporary storage areas will be located at least 150 m away from the habitat areas. The likely impacts due to transportation and storage including fugitive emission have already been covered under different section above. 5.4.4.1 Impact on Land and Private Properties 266. The assessment made by the resettlement expert shall be referred for exact loss of private properties and measures to compensate such losses. Environmental screening of resettlement sites, if required for the project, shall be carried out. Besides monetary compensation for any loss of private trees, compensatory afforestation and extensive plantation has been incorporated in the EMP to have long-term environmental benefits. 267. Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and other affected persons as recommended by social development/resettlement expert shall be implemented. 5.4.4.2 Impact on Common Property Resources 268. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities along the proposed alignment. Geometric adjustments have been made to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within ROW but out of required formation width shall be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. No community structures are likely to be dismantled/relocated. The impact on other community properties has been provided at Table 5.2. 77

Table 5.3 : List of Common Property Resources Very close/within Corridor Offset from S. No. Chainage (km) Feature Side edge of road (m) Mihona - Bhander 1 45.550 Temple Right 15.9 2 46.500 Temple Left 13.0 3 48.380 Temple Left 13.3 4 49.320 School Left 5.3 5 53.880 Temple Right 32.0 6 54.900 School Right 9.1 7 55.610 Hospital Left 4.7 8 56.010 Petrol Pump Right 11.0 9 56.120 School Right 14.5 10 56.280 Petrol Pump Right 11.4 11 72.200 Temple Right 29.1 12 72.220 Bus Stop Right 12.4 13 78.480 Temple Right 3.4 14 78.500 Temple Right 11.4 15 78.790 Temple Right 13.2 16 79.850 Temple Right 12.4 17 80.700 Temple Right 18 80.800 Petrol Pump Right 11.3 19 82.050 Temple Left 6.8 20 88.350 Bus Stop Left 8.1 21 89.470 Bus Stop Left 9.5 22 90.950 Temple Right 12.6 23 91.350 Bus Stop Left 14.9 24 94.010 Bus Stop Left 13.3 25 95.200 Bus Stop Left 11.5 26 96.550 Bus Stop Right 12.0 27 98.580 Bus Stop Right 14.6 28 100.720 Bus Stop Left 29 103.715 Bus Stop Right 11.2 30 109.250 Temple Right 31 109.250 Bus Stop Right 32 110.800 Bus Stop Left 13.8 33 113.600 Temple Left 9.4 34 113.700 Temple Left 6.2 Bhander - Chirgaon

Offset from S. No. Chainage (km) Feature Side edge of road (m) 35 0.450 Temple Left 13.9 36 0.750 Temple Right 17.7 37 1.500 Temple Right 20.9 38 1.490 College Right 39 1.360 Bus Stop Right 10.9 40 6.200 Temple Right 13.3 41 7.350 Bus Stop Left 10.9 42 13.510 Temple Left 3.8 43 13.510 Temple Right 2.7 44 13.610 Temple Left 9.8 45 13.620 Temple Left 11.6 46 13.880 Bus Stop Right 5.5 47 14.930 Temple Left 18.3 Source: DPR 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact 269. Cumulative Impact: The area along the present road section SH-45 is developing. The road already exists and proposed project will facilitate the pace of development. Some of the cumulative impacts will be deterioration in the air and noise quality especially at the congested locations like Lahar, Nibi, Bhander due to increased traffic. The ancillary development activity due to the improved road conditions will further put pressure on agricultural lands and vegetated areas such as Chorhi, Hashpur, Gora etc. However, these activities will be slow and impacts are expected to be minimal. 270. The project is expected to improve long time water flooding, soil erosion conditions especially near Mriga and Pahuj Rivers and at other drains due to additional culverts and over-toppings. The higher amount of compensatory afforestation (1:7) will increase the aesthetics along the ROW and help in countering the polluting the air. The improved accessibility will also result in increased industrial and commercial developments especially near Devra, Bhander, Lahar, Mihona etc. The net impacts are expected to be more positive. 271. Induced Impact - The induced impact from the project will be mainly due to the related developmental activities and improved infrastructural development like building construction and commercial establishment. This is likely to result in net positive impact due to overall social development 79

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed 272. Consultations were held during different stages of the preparation of IEE. To address the key environmental issues, consultations at various levels with local people and government departments were conducted to arrive at socially and technically accepted solutions. A comprehensive consultation with all stakeholders was conducted at the project section. 273. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with the intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. The informal consultation generally started with explaining the sub projects, followed by an explanation to potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to loss of agricultural land, effect on air and noise quality of the area due to traffic, water availability, accident and risk. 274. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the sub-project. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact. 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 275. In India, public consultation is mandatory in case of Category A and B1 category projects6 in select conditions. Being a category B project as per ADB SPS 2009, consultation was carried out during the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan. 276. Public consultation was undertaken consistent with the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, co-ordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected.

6 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory.

6.2.1. Consultation with Executing Agency 277. Officials of executing agency provided technical information’s about the project. All issues related to effective implementation of EMP, grievance redress mechanism, various clearances/consent and permission required prior to and during implementation were discussed. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal and Mr. P.K. Chaturvedi, Managing Director and Deputy General Manager of Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), expressed their organization’s commitment to implement the project in environmentally sustainable way and as per the applicable laws/regulations/guidelines and safeguard requirements of ADB and the country. They also shared about lessons learnt from ongoing project. 6.2.2. Consultation with other Government Departments 278. All relevant government departments/agencies including forest and wildlife, fisheries, pollution control board, water resources, and DRDA were consulted for collection of available information their views/ comments and suggestions about the project. 279. The list of government officials contacted, along with purpose/objective has been summarised in Table 6.1 .

Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation held with various Government Departments S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted PCCF (Working Plan), Status of forest in state, Impacts on 1. Mr. Dubey Forest Department, forest, mitigation options, Satpura Bhavan, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities Sr. Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 2. Dr. Rita Kauri Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 3. Dr. Abhay Saxena Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Environmental quality in the state and Superintending Engineer major urban centers. Capacity of Mr. Rajesh Madhya Pradesh pollution control board in environmental 4. Srivastava Pollution Control Board management and monitoring Paryavaran Bhavan, requirements of SPCB in the proposed Bhopal project.

Dy. Conservator of Status of forest in state, Impacts on 5. Mr. S. P. Sharma Forest, Forest forest, mitigation options, Department, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities 81

S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Managing Director, 6. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal environmental issues related with road MPRDC, Bhopal improvement, capacity enhancement of MPRDC, future plans Conditions of road network in state, DGM (Environment), scope of road improvement, 7. Mr. Alok Chaturvedi MPRDC, Bhopal environmental issues related with road improvement Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Mr. Piyush.K. environmental issues related with road 8 DGM, MPRDC, Bhopal Chaturvedi improvement, implementation schedule of various activities, organizational setting of MPRDC, Status of forests along the project road, S. Pradhan, Forest Guards, Range presence of flora and fauna species in 9. Rajesh, Tiwary Ji – officers, local community the forests, forest boundaries and road community leaders leaders encroachments

6.2.3. Consultation with NGOs 280. All the NGOs welcome the project. They express concern over afforestation programme. NGOs also demand to pay attention for survival rate of the trees. Awareness camp among the people regarding road safety is also suggested. The outcome of consultation with NGOs is summarised below in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs Name of NGOs Contact Remarks Person BYPASS - Bhopal Yuwa Mr. Akhilesh • Welcomed the project Paryavaran Shikshan Singh Yadav • Raised concerns about the impact on and Samajik Sansthan reserve forests through the project stretch Chunabhatti, • Expressed his concern about use of fodder Bhopal,M.P.-16 from the forest being used during construction phase • Suggested minimal tree cutting and proportional afforestation Ecosake Society for Mr. Kinshuk • Welcomed the project Environment Tiwary • Expressed his desire that adequate Conservation and Social compensation should be provided, as per Awareness the latest R&R policy, to the people Bhopal-16 affected from this project • Desired minimal impacts on forest and other mineral resources in the region from the project • Desired involvement of Local skilled and unskilled labour during construction activities Green Hurt Nature Club Jai Sharma • Welcomed the project M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-11 • Emphasized the need of plantation of local

tree species for the roadside plantations. • Raised his concerns on the land filing/borrow activity suggested about prevention of top soil • Desired the need of awareness/ training program for the contractors and labourers to educate them for environmental issues. Forum for Environmental Dr. R. Mathur • Welcomed the project Protection • Expressed his concern regarding water Gwalior - 474011 logging problem during construction phase at many places. • Raised his concerns about health and safety schemes to be provided to construction labours especially during monsoon period. • Emphasized on the need of identification of sites for disposal of construction debris before the start of civil works. • Wanted banning of old vehicles on these roads by Government to reduce the pollution. Energy Environment and Ajit Kumar • Welcomed the project Development Group Saxena • Raised his concerns about the problem of R-12, II Floor electricity and its role in number of Above Central Color Lab accidents that occurred on this road due to Bhopal - 462003 it. • Enquired about the compensation to be provided to the displaced/affected people. Centre for Envirocare Mahendra • Welcomed the project and Energy Technology Kumar Shukla • Expressed his concerns about the cutting E-7/466 Arera Colony of trees and stressed the need for their Bhopal - 462016 rehabilitation and afforestation. Madhya Pradesh • Suggested the need of increasing the awareness among contractors, labourers and villagers. 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments 281. The project has immense acceptability among the local people. They perceived that in addition to providing all weather connectivity, the sub- project road will bring positive socio-economic changes in the area. Local people mainly discussed on issues related to rehabilitation and resettlement and proper vigilance of construction work. They suggested minimising acquisition of agricultural land as much as possible since livelihood of the people is principally dependent on agriculture. 282. Other common demands included issues related with increase in traffic due to improved road conditions. The list of participants, their views, and outcome of the consultations have been summarised in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community S. No. Village Name of Participant Issues and Outcomes 83

S. No. Village Name of Participant Issues and Outcomes 1. Daboh Deen mohammad . Welcomed the project (driver) . Complained about the bad road conditions especially Dasharath (tea shop) due to which many accidents take place. Mohd. Khan (welding . Expressed their concern on the safety aspect in the shop) post-project scenario. Ateek (labour) . Concerned about land acquisition and compensation to the affected people. . Electricity problem is also acute . No fishery activity reported by the villagers . Informed about the frequent movement of animals like neelgai, deer, rabbit, peacock on the road during night time . Drinking water is obtained using hand pumps . Farming is done using canals . Drainage problem in monsoon on roads 2. Mihona Ashok singh rajawat . Welcomed the project (shopkeeper) . Informed about the drinking water availability problem Suresh (farmer) . Informed that no fishery activity take place in the area Ramesh kumar (farmer) . The project section due to its bad condition is prone Mathura Prasad for accidents which have a frequency of about 1-15 in (farmer) a month. Jitendra prasad . The major occupation of the villagers is agriculture (farmer) which is monsoon dependent. Vivek sharma (farmer) . No wild life animal is found in the project section Dhan singh kushwaha . Drainage is poor. (labour) . Informed that borrow earth material for the road can Hariom sharma be provided if paid adequately. (businessman) . Interested to know about the compensation to the affected people. 3. Chirgaon Laxman das (tea shop) . Welcomed the project Sanjay (student) . Complained about the bad road conditions due to Babloo (farmer) which many accidents (5-7 in a month) take place. Ravinder (farmer) . Concerned about land acquisition and compensation Sunil (student) to the affected people. . Electricity problem is also acute . Fishery activity reported by the villagers . Drinking water is obtained using hand pumps and wells . Flood like situation in monsoon near Chirauna village . Farming is done using canals . Drainage problem in monsoon on roads

Plate 1: Discussion with local people at Daboh and Mihona

Plate 1: Discussion with local people at Chirgaon 85

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM 7.1. Environmental Management Plan 1. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options. 2. The EMP consists of action plans for (i) implementation of recommended mitigation measures, (ii) environment quality monitoring during construction and operation stage to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed, and (iii) institutional capacity building and training. The EMP is detailed at Appendix 7.1.

7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP) 3. A separate Social Impact Assessment study is undertaken and social development programme is addressed as per this study. The involuntary resettlement issue is also addressed under separate study. However, the correlated issues like safety of habitats and workers, protection of common physical cultural resources, safe passage of habitats are addressed under environmental assessment and mitigation plan. 4. Since there is no indigenous population likely to be affected in the project area, IPDP is not envisaged. This has to be confirmed based on the social assessment.

7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan 5. Assessment of nature, type and extent of project activities establishes that accidents on paved roads and consequent spillage can be the more frequent emergency. Other situation includes road overtopping due to heavy flood. It is suggested to develop a communication and response system to minimize the response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by developing in- house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency. 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 6. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with the aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives: • To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed • To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to before the project scenario. • To assess compliance to regulatory requirements

• To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements. This will be used as performance indicators for the project. A monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 7.2.

7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator 7. The monitoring schedule has been developed based on the possible occurrence of adverse impacts and required mitigation actions. However, this schedule is subject to change depending on the analysis results obtained. The performance indicators and protocol for changing the monitoring schedule is given below. 7.2.1.1.1 Tree Plantation 8. The 75% survival rate of re-plantation shall be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 75%, necessary measures will be taken to increase the survival rate and monitoring shall be again taken up on the third year of operation. This cycle should continue until the 75% survival rate is achieved. 7.2.1.1.2 Soil Erosion and Drainage Congestion 9. No significant soil erosion problem is anticipated due to the project either in the construction phase or in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, some localised soil erosion may be noticed owing to construction activities. However, if soil erosion is noticed during construction and operation phase, the corrective actions shall be initiated and frequency of check be increased to assess the tendency of occurrence. 10. The cross drainage structure shall be free from siltation. Visual check shall be made periodically to identify any drainage congestion or water logging along the road. Appropriate corrective action shall be taken to clear the congestion and prevent reoccurrence. 7.2.1.1.3 Air and Noise Quality 11. Due to the variability of the construction activities, namely changes in batch composition, type of construction activity and other anthropogenic influences, the ambient air quality of the project area may change. If the air quality with respect to any parameter exceeds by more than 25% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be doubled and cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 12. Similarly, due to the variability in traffic movement, namely changes in traffic volume, traffic compositions and other anthropogenic influences, the noise quality in the project area is likely to change. If the noise quality exceeds by 20% of the applicable ambient noise quality standard or 10% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency 87

shall be increased and the cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 7.2.1.1.4 Water Quality 13. No significant change in water quality is perceived due to the project in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, the monitored values for pH, BOD, COD, TDS, DO and Oil & Grease might change owing to construction activities. Hence, it is suggested that if the monitored value for any water quality parameter exceeds by more than 20% of its last monitored status the monitoring frequency shall be increased.

7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP 14. The most essential component of the Environment Monitoring Plan is the execution of the Plan in accordance with the monitoring schedule provided therein. The field officer concerned at PIU will be responsible for timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed. He can execute this task through supervision consultant. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. A Management Information System (MIS) is also put in place for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within the MPRDC. 15. The monitoring reports shall be sent to Sr. Manager (Environment & Social) at head office with copy to Divisional Officer. 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 16. M. P. State Road Development Corporation (MPRDC) is responsible for the development of state roads. MPRDC has set up divisional offices which act as Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Each PIU is headed by Divisional officer who is supported various engineers (field officers). These field officers also have the responsibility to comply with various regulatory permitting and compliance monitoring requirement. A Sr Manager (Environment & Social) is posted at Head Quarter who is responsible for overall environment and social management of sub projects. He reports to Dy General Manager who is responsible for the implementation of MPSRP_II and co-ordinate with ADB to monitor all environmental requirements of this subproject. 17. For subproject planning and implementation, Project Implementation Unit/s (PIUs) are established. This is headed by Divisional Officer and supported by Field officers. It is proposed to designate one of the field officers with additional responsibility of environment and social management. This officer shall be given adequate training for effective environmental management and monitoring. The designated field officer will be responsible for implementation and monitoring of EMP. Field Officer will monitor the compliance directly or with the help of supervision consultant. SQC will also supervise the contractor for complying the EMP requirements, monitoring requirements and obtaining the required permits. Divisional officer will be responsible for ensuring overall effective

implementation of EMP at PIU level who will ensure it through field officer and SQC. Field officer will be fully responsible for operation stage monitoring. 18. The EMP will be included in the construction contract and the contractor will be responsible for its implementation. MPRDC will monitor the implementation of these mitigation measures by the contractors through Sr Manager Environment, Field Officers at PIU and SQC. The field officers at PIU level will be responsible for compliance monitoring and periodic reporting to divisional officer and Sr. Manager Environment at Head office. 19. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for monitoring have been outlined in Table 7.1. The flow diagram depicting the institutional arrangement for implementation EMP and EMoP has been given as Figure 7.1. Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations HQ MPRDC Contractor PIU Supervision Consultant • Obtain statutory • Obtain permits as • Joint verification to • Assist and advise the clearances required required during be carried out by PIU in matters relating during pre-construction construction stage HQ, PIU, SC to environment and stage Contractor Env. social matters. • Joint Verification Manager. • overall project Exercise including, • Compliance reporting coordination and PMU CMU, SC for • Overall Supervision to EMP and clearance management through review of EMP of implementation of conditions PIU supported by SC EMP • Interaction with Sr • Provide corrective • Interaction and Manager (Env. & • Environmental action if any deviation Reporting to ADB. Social) , PIU and SC monitoring through to EMP is identified Submission of approved laboratory progress reports to • Contractor’s Env. or through SC • Part of Joint ADB atleast once in a Officer will be primarily Verification Exercise • Verification of year. responsible for to be carried out by implementation EMP consent taken by HQ, PIU and • Effective contractor for Contractor for review • implementation of Filling of Reporting opening of borrow of EMP for EMP and Monitoring of Format and submitting areas, and setting up modification in EMP to SC labour camps. enhancement Ensuring restoration • Compilation of data • Monitoring through measures (if required) as per initial relating to approved agency. agreement with land • Ensure that the implementation of • Preparation of various owner contractor define the EMP. plans for effective cost of environmental • Keeping records of • Advising and implementation of measures like borrow all consents obtained suggesting corrective EMP as detailed out in area rehabilitation etc by contractor. measures to adhere to EMP and submitting it which are shown as time schedule for for approval to SC • Compilation of data part of construction implementation of relating to cost under EMP • EMP. Identification of sites implementation of matrix (Appendix 7.1) for labour camps, hot before the start of • EMP. Carry out mix plant, batch mix construction. This • verification/supervision plant, debris disposal Filling of Summary amount shall be exercises for etc Sheets and reporting released against implementation of to HQ. completion of EMP with respect to • Approval of plans respective EMP 89

modification (if prepared by measures. required) for contractor • enhancement Supervise • Addressing measures. implementation of grievances of local EMP/EMoP by community and contractor information dissemination • Develop good through practices construction NGOs/CBOs. guidelines to assist contractor in implementation of EMP • Conduct Consultations programs with the stakeholders on regular basis to get first hand information on the inconvenience caused to contractor’s activities such as noise, debris disposal etc. • Ensure submission of compliance report to EMP/EMoP once in six month to PIU

HQ MPRDC Asian DY General Manager Developmen (MPSRSP II) t Bank

Social and Env. Group (Proposed) Sr. Manager (Env and Social) Supported by Manager Env. and Social (proposed)

PIU Supervision Consultant Contractor Divisional Officer supported by field Officers

Field Officer – (Proposed to be designated with additional responsibility of Env. And Social)

Need Based Support from Approved Monitoring Agency and Independent Subject Experts and Institutions

Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation 91

7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building 20. Capacity Building: As per the existing structure, one officer at Sr Manager Level is responsible for Environmental and social aspect at MPRDC. Considering the increasing magnitude of activities, it is proposed that another manager level officer be appointed to support Sr manager’s activities. The group shall be named as Environmental and Social Group. To facilitate and streamline this group’s activities it is proposed to develop the Environmental and social impact guidelines. This will standardise the impact assessment, regulatory compliance and environmental quality monitoring mechanism. 21. Training and Awareness: To enhance the capacity of officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effects, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the training and awareness programme is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MoEF, SPCB/CPCB, and Indian Institute of Technologies can be consulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (e.g., for the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons to impart trainings. These experts /agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training.

Table 7.2 Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II

Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II S. Target Subject(s) Method Time Basis for Costs Estimation No. group Frame and Training Training Delivery Estimate Material d Cost Preparation 1 All staffs Environmental Lectures Before @ Rs 2.0 Reproduction of Training of MPRDC Overview: cum beginning Lacs Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. including Environmental interactio of the 200 per set for 120 sets ) PIU Regulations, sub- n implemen project project related tation of Training Delivery: staff provisions of the sub- Honorarium and travel cost involved in various Acts/ project. of the faculty Rs 2.0 lac (@ implement Guidelines, EIA 50,000 per programme for 4 ation of notification, process INR 6.24 programmes) the project and methodology Lakhs and Select for IEE, EMPs Venue and other facility NGOs. costs Rs 2.0 lacs ( @ Rs 50000 per programme with 25 participants in each) 2 Field Implementation of Worksho Before @ Rs 2.0 -do- Officer EMPs: ps and the Lacs (Env) at Basic features of an Seminars constructi PIU, EMP, Planning, on begins Supervisio designing and n execution of INR 6.24 Consultant environmental Lakhs ’s mitigation and Environme enhancement ntal measures, Specialists monitoring and and Select evaluation of NGOs environmental conditions – during construction and operation 3 Sr. Environmentally Worksho Before @ Rs 3.0 -do- Manager, Sound ps and the Lacs Manager Construction Site visits constructi at Head Practices: on Quarter Clean construction and Field technology, INR 6.24 officer at alternatives Lakhs PIU, , materials and design techniques for team, construction, Waste Supervisio Management and n minimization in Consultant construction, Constructi pollution control on devices and Contractor methods for 93

s’ staff construction sites and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction 4 PIU and Monitoring Lectures, During @ Rs 1.5 Reproduction of Training Supervisio Environmental Worksho initial Lacs Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. n Performance p and site phases of 200 per set for 120 persons Consultant during visits constructi ) , NGOs Construction: on and Air, Water, Soil and Training Delivery: communit Noise, tree survival INR 5.0 Honorarium and travel cost y Monitoring Lakhs of the faculty Rs 1.6 lac (@ representa requirement and 40,000 per programme for 4 tives techniques, programmes) Evaluation and Review of results, Venue and other facility Performance costs Rs 1.6 lacs ( @ Rs indicators and their 40,000 per programme with applicability, 25 participants in each) possible corrective actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms Total Rs 23.72 Training lacs or Costs Say Rs 24 lacs

22. Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001. 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism 23. Any environmental grievance received from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, field officer will assess if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days through suitable mode by the field officer with the approval of Divisional Officer. In case PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to Sr. Manager ( Environment & Social) at head quarter who will take it up further and resolve. The corrective and preventing action will be taken in a time bound manner as per response given to the stakeholders. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB.

24. The local community will be informed by the respective supervision consultants about the option to express their grievances if any through the mechanism described above before the start of construction activities. The grievance redress mechanism with the name of concerned official shall also be displayed at MPRDC website, and on notice boards of the PIU office and construction sites. 95

8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1. Conclusions 25. The findings of Environment Assessment indicate that project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. Some impacts require design consideration and are suitably addressed. The project received immense support from local people as they perceive that this project will improve the overall connectivity and bring various economic opportunities to the people of the area. 26. The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any National Park, Wild life Sanctuary, Reserved Forests, or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural. The significant impact during construction is mainly associated with minor increase in dust borne air pollution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, establishment of temporary facilities, hindrance in accessibility to common property resources etc. During operation stage, the main impact may be related to air quality and noise. Other issues relates to road safety including pedestrian and cattle’s. 27. Environmental screening and assessment of likely impacts, the project has been categorised as Category ‘B’. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 28. Key findings of the IEE are summarised in following paragraphs: • There are several canals and drains cutting across the project alignment. The major rivers crossing the project area are Pahuj, Sindh and Kanrhai, out of which only Pahuj is found to be perennial as per the physical verification. Further, the topography of the subproject area is marked by elevated plains and low altitude hills which cause flooding during monsoon season, especially near the surface water bodies and canals. Therefore adequate cross drainage structures are required to avoid flooding during monsoon season. All necessary measures as suggested in IEE including IRC specifications for embankment formation in waterlogged areas shall be taken into account. • The groundwater condition in the project section is poor. Hence, provisions of water harvesting should be adopted. • Since no land acquisition is involved, the project will not affect any family. Also, there will be no Impact on community infrastructure as the upgradation is limited to the available ROW. • Ambient noise level is within prescribed limit except near busy intersections such as Chirauna, Nibi, Bindadna, Bhander, Daboh, Lahar, Nabhua, Mihona etc. Some of the key suggested measures

during construction are provision of temporary noise barriers and regulating construction timings near sensitive locations. Operation stage mitigation includes multilayered plantation and restricting honking near sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and congestion free traffic movement. • Large quantity of earth is required for the project. The availability of government waste land/barren land/uplands etc. is limited in the area. It is recommended to follow the guidelines for borrow area management as suggested in IEE. • The compensatory afforestation should be undertaken at 1:7 basis in close consultation with forest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done in consultation at river banks especially at major bridge locations. • Soil erosion along embankment slope, river banks, bridge sites and river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimise siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature. • Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. The increased pollution level during construction stage will be largely localised and temporary in nature. Corridor specific measures to curb emission include maintaining good road conditions, improved traffic regulations and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species. • Siting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. construction camp, workers camp, hot mix plant, batching plant, dumping sites, stone crusher etc. shall be done in environmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE. • Dismantled material shall be reused to the extent possible. Leftover debris shall be disposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites. • Risk involved with accidents, community and occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction. 29. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts. 8.2. Key Recommendations: 30. Any major changes or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to 97

concerned Government authorities and ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. 31. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize/avoid the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan may be updated if deemed necessary as per site conditions. MPRDC shall submit six monthly compliance/update reports to ADB. 32. All necessary clearances/permissions/No-objections/Consents should be obtained as required at different stages and as outlined in legal framework chapter of IEE. MPRDC shall ensure that environmental clearance as may be required is obtained before start of construction. 33. Executing agency shall ensure that EMP and EMoP is included in Bill of Quantity (BOQ) and forms part of bid document and civil works contract. The same shall be revised if necessary during project implementation or if there is any change in the project design and with approval of ADB.

Appendix 3.1: Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges

Appendix 3.2: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

Roads and Highways

MIHONA-DABOH-BHANDER-CHIRGAON (SH-45) SECTION

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

IND/Sub-regional Transport Enhancement Project – Road improvement w/ Country/Project Title: bituminous overlay: Mihona-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon (85.70 km)

Sector Division: IND TA: 7198

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. Project Siting

Is The Project Area Adjacent To Or Within Any Of The Following Environmentally Sensitive Areas? . Cultural Heritage Site None

. Protected Area None

None . Wetland

. Mangrove None

. Estuarine None

. Buffer Zone of Protected Area None

. Special Area for Protecting Biodiversity None

B. Potential Environmental Impacts

Will The Project Cause…

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SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS No encroachment on historical or Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; cultural areas is envisaged. disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? The topography of project road is mainly flat. But, minor impacts on landscape by road embankments to improve profile, cuts and fills cannot be ruled out.

None. The project road does not Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive pass through any sensitive or protected areas)? ecological areas. Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways Minimal, since no new construction crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment of bridges is proposed. Most rivers in streams affected by increased soil erosion at in the project area are seasonal. construction site? Necessary measures shall be taken to prevent impact on watercourses. Suitable prevention measures such Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt as silt fencing will reduce silt run runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based off. camps and chemicals used in construction? Adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition. Local air pollution level is likely to Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, be increased for short duration cutting and filling works, and chemicals from during construction period asphalt processing? particularly due to earth work. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc., if required. Risk is temporary and associated Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational with construction phase. health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project Construction workers will be construction and operation during project provided with proper occupational, construction and operation? health and safety gear. Safety officer will be appointed by contractor to lead implementation of occupational and community health and safety plan during construction phase Minimal increase in ambient noise Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil level is expected due to various works? construction activities. Necessary mitigation measures will be taken in noise sensitive locations such as schools, temples and forest areas. 101

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS None. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

No displacement. Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people Project improvement work is to be living in right-of-way? carried out within existing available ROW, no resettlement is envisaged. None. Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

All possible mitigation measures Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in will be taken to avoid any living conditions in the project areas that may inconvenience due to the project. trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and Efforts will also be made to keep stress? air pollution within permissible levels to prevent respiratory problems and stress among the nearby inhabitants. Traffic management plan to be Hazardous driving conditions where construction followed during construction will interferes with pre-existing roads? be prepared. Appropriate waste management Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in shall be adopted to prevent any construction camps and work sites, and possible such conditions. Awareness plan transmission of communicable diseases from for workers will be prepared to workers to local populations? educate them about communicable diseases. No such condition is anticipated Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease?

Temporarily during construction Accident risks associated with increased vehicular stage. Adequate measures will be traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials provided to prevent them such as and loss of life? speed reduction, provision of crash barrier & proper traffic signage system at sensitive places will ensure smooth traffic flow which will reduce accidental risk Increased noise and air pollution resulting from Temporarily during construction traffic volume? phase.

Increase in level of noise due to rise in frequency of vehicles in the operation period. Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease Temporarily during construction and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles phase. using the road? Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks.

102

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Most of the workers will be hired Social conflicts if workers from other regions or locally. countries are hired?

Most of the workers will be hired Large population influx during project construction locally. All groundwater extraction and operation that causes increased burden on will be covered by necessary social infrastructure and services (such as water permits and all construction sites supply and sanitation systems)? will have sanitary toilets with septic tank. No blasting will be made, bitumen Risks to community health and safety due to the handling will be consistent with the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of Material Safety Data Sheet, materials such as explosives, fuel and other occupational and community chemicals during construction and operation? health and safety provisions included in the EMP Community and occupational Community safety risks due to both accidental and health and safety plan will form natural causes, especially where the structural part of EMP. elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

The Project is categorized as B.

As per MOEF latest EIA notification, Environmental Clearance for the project is not required. However, other consent conditions will be required. 103

Appendix 3.3: Details of Chainage-wise Existing and Proposed Design Speed and Curve Radius

S. Existing Proposed Remarks No. Chainage Radii Speed Chainage Radii Speed Start End (m) (kmph) Start End (m) (kmph) Mihona - Bhander 1 43.45 43.50 50 20 43.46 43.51 60 20 Urban Area 2 43.64 43.67 45 20 43.66 43.67 50 20 Urban Area 3 44.67 44.74 55 20 44.69 44.75 125 40 4 44.76 44.77 35 20 44.77 44.78 125 40 5 45.85 45.86 50 20 45.87 45.88 70 30 6 46.07 46.12 45 20 46.06 46.11 70 30 Urban Area 7 46.27 46.28 35 20 46.26 46.28 80 40 Urban Area 8 47.62 47.64 80 20 47.62 47.64 100 25 Widening of ex. bridge 9 49.08 49.11 30 20 49.08 49.11 40 20 Urban Area 10 49.18 49.19 35 20 49.18 49.19 50 20 11 49.34 49.38 80 20 49.34 49.38 100 30 Bus Stop 12 52.61 52.70 155 20 52.63 52.73 200 25 Junction 13 54.13 54.18 50 20 54.17 54.22 60 20 Junction 14 54.23 54.25 55 20 54.27 54.3 60 20 Commercial 15 54.58 54.61 120 20 54.62 54.65 170 25 Commercial 16 54.64 54.66 100 20 54.68 54.7 170 25 Commercial 17 54.69 54.71 25 20 54.73 54.75 40 20 Commercial 18 54.73 54.75 30 20 54.77 54.79 40 20 Commercial 19 54.83 54.86 90 20 54.87 54.9 100 25 Commercial 20 55.12 55.17 60 20 55.16 55.21 70 20 21 65.26 65.28 70 25 65.26 65.28 100 30 Minor bridge 22 71.2 71.31 200 35 71.16 71.26 230 40 Approaches to bridge 23 71.59 71.73 200 35 71.55 71.69 250 40 Approaches to bridge 24 77.29 77.33 40 20 77.41 77.45 80 30 ROW Constrain 25 77.39 77.43 155 25 77.51 77.55 200 30 ROW Constrain 26 78.3 78.32 50 20 78.43 78.45 100 20 Urban Area 27 78.35 78.36 60 20 78.48 78.49 100 20 Urban Area 28 78.42 78.45 15 20 78.55 78.58 20 20 Urban Area 29 78.46 78.49 25 20 78.58 78.62 35 20 Urban Area 30 78.52 78.53 25 20 78.65 78.65 50 20 Urban Area 31 78.55 78.55 25 20 78.68 78.68 50 20 Urban Area 32 78.57 78.58 14 20 78.69 78.71 20 20 Urban Area 33 78.6 78.61 15 20 78.72 78.74 20 20 Urban Area 34 78.62 78.63 15 20 78.75 78.75 30 20 Urban Area

104

S. Existing Proposed Remarks No. Chainage Radii Speed Chainage Radii Speed Start End (m) (kmph) Start End (m) (kmph) 35 78.63 78.64 15 20 78.76 78.77 20 20 Urban Area 36 78.66 78.67 15 20 78.79 78.8 30 20 Urban Area 37 79.02 79.06 80 20 79.14 79.18 110 20 Urban Area 38 82.19 82.2 100 30 82.04 82.06 125 40 Urban Area 39 97.05 97.14 85 20 97.03 97.11 100 25 Approach to bridge 40 112.6 112.66 150 30 113.17 113.23 230 40 Approach to bridge 41 112.99 113.03 120 30 113.56 113.6 200 35 Approach to bridge 42 113.22 113.23 25 20 113.79 113.81 60 25 Urban Area 43 113.9 113.95 170 35 114.48 114.53 200 40 Urban Area + Junction 44 114.3 114.33 10 20 114.83 114.86 15 20 Urban Area + Junction Bhander - Chirgaon 45 0.06 0.08 30 20 114.99 115.01 40 20 Urban Area + Junction 46 0.41 0.44 25 20 115.38 115.42 30 20 Urban Area + Junction 47 0.66 0.69 35 20 115.56 115.58 40 20 Urban Area + Junction 48 0.89 0.94 80 20 115.62 115.67 100 25 Urban Area + Junction 49 1.2 1.21 40 20 116.03 116.04 50 20 Urban Area + Junction 50 1.24 1.26 120 20 116.07 116.09 200 25 Urban Area + Junction 51 1.26 1.31 200 25 116.1 116.15 250 30 Urban Area 52 1.3 1.31 150 25 116.18 116.19 250 30 Urban Area 53 2.94 2.99 220 30 117.78 117.82 250 40 Junction 54 13.67 13.74 200 25 128.53 128.6 230 30 Urban Area 55 13.78 13.86 110 25 128.65 128.72 125 30 Urban Area + Junction

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APPENDIX 4.1 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The finding as Notified on 16th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 6 and Section 25 of the Environment Protect Act, 1986.

Time-Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air

Ecologically Industrial, Pollutant Sensitive Area Residential Average (Notified by and other Central rural area Government) Annual* 50 20 3 SO2 ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 40 30 3 NOx ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 60 60 3 PM10 ug/m 24 hours** 100 100 Annual* 40 40 3 PM2.5 ug/m 24 hours** 60 60

Annual* 0.50 0.50 3 Lead ug/m

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

8 Hours** 2000 2000 3 CO ug/m 1 Hour** 4000 4000 8 Hours** 100 100 3 O3 ug/m 1 Hour** 180 180 Annual* 100 100 3 NH3 ug/m 24 hours** 400 400 Source: Gazette of India, Part II-Section-3-Subsection (i)

* Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval. ** 24-horly / 8-hourly values or 0.1 hourly monitored values shall be complied with 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

106

APPENDIX 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India

Day Time Night Time Area/Class (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM) (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III

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APPENDIX 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination. Affects taste, corrodes supply 5 pH 6.5 8.5 system. Causes scaling, excessive soap HARDNESS, as CaCO3, 6 300 600 consumption, calcification of mg/l arteries. Causes staining of laundry and 7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition. May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, 8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000 corrosion and palatability are affected. RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only Excessive chlorination causes 9 when 0.20 - asthma, colitis and eczema Water is chlorinated May cause gastro-intestinal TOTAL DISSOLVED 10 500 2000 irritation, corrosion and laxative SOLIDS, mg/l effect to new users. Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, 11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200 essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood. Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes 12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100 structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems. Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, 13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50 causes central nervous system irritation and depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems. Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a 14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400 cathartic effect. Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect. Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very 15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous

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S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible and cardiovascular system.

Reduces dental carries, very high 16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis. Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, 17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhoea. 18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc. Essential and beneficial in human 19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water. Cr6+ produces lung tumours, 20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis. Causes skin damage, circulatory 21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problems, and increased risk of skin cancer. Raises blood cholesterol, lowers 22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation blood sugar. 23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic Causes nerve damage, thyroid 26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problem. Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes 27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism. Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction 28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30 in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry. Leads to hair, finger loss, and 29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems. Affects central nervous system, 30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc. 31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, 200 600 Imparts unpleasant taste, 109

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible mg/l deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS. Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs of body, and 32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic. High concentration causes vomiting and diarrhoea stimulates 33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss. Harmful to persons suffering from 34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases. Essential nutrition element but 35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline excessive amounts are cathartic. Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react 36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals. PATHOGENS Causes water borne diseases like a)TOTAL COLIFORM coliform jaundice; Typhoid, 37 No/dl 1 10 Cholera etc. produces infections

b)FAECAL COLIFORM involving skin mucous membrane No/dl of eyes, ears and throat. RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES 0-4 milligram/year 38 Increases risk of cancer. -ALPHA PARTICLES 0-15 picocuries/year -RADIUM 0-05 picocuries/year

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APPENDIX 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 6 5 4 4 - mg/L, Min Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, 2 3 3 - - max Total Coliform organism 50 500 5000 - - **, MPN/100ml, Max pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), - - - 1.2 - mg/L, Max Electrical Conductivity, - - - - 2250 µmhos/cm, max Sodium absorption Ratio - - - - 26 Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2

A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal

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Appendix 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Location of borrow areas shall be finalized as per IRC: 10-1961guidlines. The finalization of locations in case of borrows areas identified in private land shall depend upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. If, agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites, arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. (1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. (2) The borrow pits preferably should not be located along the roads. (3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum. (4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. (5) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available. 2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILTY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following; (1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition. (2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from. (3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un- acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately. (4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

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3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level. (iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

C. Borrow Areas near River side

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements 113

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage. (iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

E. Borrow Pits along the Road

Borrow pits along the road shall be discouraged and if deemed necessary and permitted by the Engineer; following precautions are recommended (i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Ridges of not less than 8m widths should be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (iv) Small drains shall be cut through the ridges of facilitate drainage. (v) The depth of the pits shall be so regulated that there bottom does not cut an imaginary line having a slope of 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the edge of the final section of bank, the maximum depth of any case being limited to 1.5m. (vi) Also, no pit shall be dug within the offset width from the toe of the embankment required as per the consideration of stability with a minimum width of 10m. 4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level.

Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following; • Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface.

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• Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment. The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

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APPENDIX 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-45: Mihona-Daboh-Bhander-Chirgaon 85.70 km) All activity for supervision is on part of SQC unless involvement of different department Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment  Pavement • Selection of suitable pavement Design requirement • All habitat areas throughout During the Included in Design SQC/MPRD damage and design in habitat areas the alignment design construction Consultant C inadequate considering alignment level and stage cost drainage drainage provisions in • Raise road level above the habitat areas nearby areas with provision of adequate side drains to evacuate the rain water and domestic discharges (drained by habitats occasionally) to prevent damage to road and rain water entry to habitats’ houses. • Provision of adequate no of cross drainage structures based on drainage pattern around the alignment  Safety along the • Make provisions of crash barriers Design requirement • Crash barriers are proposed During the Included in Design SQC/MPRD proposed at accident prone areas at the following chainages design construction Consultant C alignment • Provision of rumble strips in along the project corridor stage cost habitat areas to regulate speed. • Provision of retro-reflective Left Side Right Side warning sign boards nears From To From To school, hospital, religious places 71/2 71/3 71/2 71/3 and forests areas 71/4 71/6 71/4 71/6 97/0 97/1 97/1 97/1 • Provision of footpaths along the 97/2 97/3 97/2 97/3 road near habitat areas, school, 113/2 113/2 113/1 113/2 hospital, religious places and 113/5 113/5 113/5 113/5 forests 117/5 117/5 117/5 117/5 • Compliance with norms specified 117/6 117/6 117/6 117/6 in IRC codes for state highway for curvature and grading • Provision of safety kerb with

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision footpath at all bridges • The design should attempt to equalize cut and fill. The centerline should be aligned so that on all slopes below 60 degrees, half cut and half fill can be achieved. • Minimize the cutting in hill areas. Incorporate slope stabilization measures to prevent any land slide situation. • 2. Natural Hazards  Protection from • Design considering the IRC:34 Throughout the stretch Design Project Design SQC/MPRD damage from earthquake potential though the Recommendations Stage preparation Consultant C Earthquake area falls under low earthquake for road construction Cost intensity of 2/3 in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines  Protection of road • Raise embankment height above for Design of High All the existing culverts/bridges Design Included in Design SQC/MPRD embankment in the HFL levels in the flood prone Embankments are improved to increase their and construction Consultant C Flood prone areas. carrying capacity. Constructi cost Areas • Provision of adequate balancing on Stage culverts. 3. Weather Conditions and Air Quality  Local Weather • Geometric adjustment to reduce Kyoto Protocol, Throughout project corridor, Design Road Side Design SQC conditions tree cutting. Environmental mainly at level crossings, and Plantations Consultant /MPRDC • Compensatory tree Plantation Protection Act, haulage roads, earthwork, Constructi +Additional and Contractor (1:7) 1986; The Air construction sites, loading on stage Plantation • Additional Plantation on river (Prevention and areas, storage areas, transport During the cost7=2.8 banks, borrow areas and Control of Pollution) route Constructi Million sensitive locations to increase Act, 1981 on stage (@1200/tree)

7 The total no. trees likely to be cut are estimated to be 337. Compensatory afforestation norm is 1:5. Additional Plantation of 1:2 is suggested. Hence, 2359 trees have to be planted in lieu of compensatory plantation. Project has the provision of planting trees on both sides of the road. The lump sum cost of cutting a tree, its afforestation and maintenance is taken as Rs. 1200.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision the green cover and improve the + aesthetics IRC and  Dust Generation • Transport, loading and unloading MORTH Included in Design SQC/MPRD due to of loose and fine materials Specifications for project cost Consultant C construction through covered vehicles. Road and Bridge and Contractor SQC/MPRD activities and • Paved approach roads. works C Air (P and CP) transport, storage • Storage areas to be located Act 1974 and and handling of downwind of the habitation area. • Water spraying on earthworks, Central Motor and construction unpaved haulage roads and Vehicle materials other dust prone areas. Act 1988 • Provision of PPEs to workers.  Emission of air • Regular maintenance of Asphalt mixing plants, crushers, During the Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD pollutants (HC, machinery and equipment. DG sets locations Constructi project cost C SO2, NOX, CO • Batching, asphalt mixing plants on stage etc) from vehicles and crushers at downwind (1km) due to traffic direction from the nearest congestion and settlement. use of equipment • Only crushers licensed by the and machinery PCB shall be used Included in • DG sets with stacks of adequate monitoring cost height and use of low sulphur diesel as fuel. • Ambient air quality monitoring • Follow traffic management plan as given in Section 8. 4. Noise  Noise from • All equipment to be timely Legal requirement Throughout project section During the Cost for Contractor SQC/MPRD construction serviced and properly Noise Pollution especially at construction sites, Constructi Plantation C vehicle, maintained. (Regulation and residential areas such as on stage already equipment and • Bottlenecks to be removed. Control) Rules, Chirauna, Nibi, Bindadna, indicated machinery. • Construction equipment and 2000 and Bhander, Daboh, Lahar, above. machinery to be fitted with amendments Nabhua, Mihona etc. silencers and maintained thereof and identified sensitive locations properly. + as given in Table 5.3 • Only IS approved equipments Clause No 501.8.6. shall be used for construction MoSRTH

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision activities. Specifications for • Timing of noisy construction Road and Bridge activities shall be done during works Monitoring night time and weekends near Cost as sensitive receptors such as indicated In schools and temples, concurrent EMoP. noisy operations may be separated to reduce the total noise generated, and if possible re-route traffic during construction to avoid the accumulation of noise beyond standards. Else provision of temporary noise barrier at sensitive locations or near sources. • Time regulation near residential and forest areas construction shall be restricted to daylight hours. • Initiation of multi layered plantation, to serve as mitigation option for operation phase • Honking restrictions near sensitive areas • PPEs to workers • Noise monitoring as per EMoP. 5. Land and Soil  Land use • For construction non-agricultural Project requirement Throughout the project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD Change and Loss areas to be used as borrow and borrow areas design construction C of productive/top areas. and cost soil • If using agricultural land, top soil constructi to be preserved and laid over on Stage either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion.  Slope protection • Bio-turfing of embankments to IRC: 56 -1974 Throughout the stretch Design Construction Design SQC/MPRD and Soil erosion protect slopes. recommended especially along hilly areas and cost consultant and C 119

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision due to • Slope protection by providing practice for constructi Contractor, construction frames, dry stone pitching, treatment of on stage activities, masonry retaining walls, planting embankment slopes earthwork, and of grass and trees. for erosion control cut and fill etc. • The side slopes of all cut and fill Clause No. 306 and areas will be graded and covered 305.2.2 with stone pitching, grass and MoSRTH shrub as per design Specifications for specifications. Care should be Road and Bridge taken that the slope gradient works shall not be greater than 2:1. Guidelines IX for  Soil erosion at • The earth stockpiles to be Soil erosion At earth stockpiles Design Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD earth stockpiles provided with gentle slopes to and cost C prevent soil erosion. constructi on stage  Borrow areas • Non-productive, barren lands, IRC Guidelines on Borrow sites location. During Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD upland shall be used for borrow areas and Design cost C borrowing earth with the for quarries and necessary permissions/consents. (Environmental constructi • Depths of borrow pits to be Protection Act and on Stage regulated and sides not steeper Rules, 1986; Water than 25%. Act, Air Act) • Topsoil to be stockpiled and + Clause No. protected for use at the 305.2.2 MoSRTH rehabilitation stage. Specifications for • Transportation of earth materials Road and Bridge through covered vehicles. works • IRC recommended practice for Guidelines V for borrow pits (IRC 10: 1961). Borrow Areas • Borrow areas not to be dug Management continuously. • To the extent borrow areas shall be sited away from habitated areas. Borrow areas shall be leveled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision fishpond in consultation with fishery department and land owner/community. Rehabilitation of the borrow areas as per Guidelines for redevelopment of Borrow Areas.  Quarry • Aggregates will be sourced from Clause No. 111.3 Operations existing licensed quarries. MoSRTH • Copies of consent/ approval / Specifications for rehabilitation plan for a new Road and Bridge quarry or use of existing source works Guidelines VI will be submitted to EO, MPRDC. for Quarry Areas • The contractor will develop a Management Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy of the approval to EA.  Compaction of • Construction vehicles, Design Parking areas, Haulage roads Just Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD soil and impact on machinery, and equipment to be requirement and construction yards. before construction C quarry haul roads stationed in the designated ROW commenc cost due to movement to avoid compaction. ement of of vehicles and • Approach roads/haulage roads constructi equipments shall be designed along the on barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction. • Transportation of quarry material to the dumping site through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible to restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. • Land taken for construction camp and other temporary facility shall be restored to its original conditions.  Contamination • Construction vehicles and Design Fuelling station, construction Just Monitoring Contractor SQC/MPRD of soil due to equipment will be maintained requirement sites, and construction camps before Cost Included C leakage/spillage and disposal location. commenc in EMoP 121

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision of oil, bituminous and refueled in such a fashion ement of and non that oil/diesel spillage does not constructi bituminous debris contaminate the soil. on generated from • Fuel storage and refueling sites demolition and to be kept away from drainage road construction channels. • Unusable debris shall be dumped in ditches and low lying areas. • To avoid soil contamination Oil- Interceptors shall be provided at wash down and refueling areas. • Waste oil and oil soaked cotton/ cloth shall be stored in containers labeled ‘Waste Oil’ and ‘Hazardous’ sold off to MoEF/SPCB authorized vendors • Non-bituminous wastes to be dumped in borrow pits with the concurrence of landowner and covered with a layer of topsoil conserved from opening the pit. • Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by the State Pollution Control Board • Soil quality monitoring 6. Water Resources Sourcing of water • Requisite permission shall be - Throughout the Project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD during Construction obtained for abstraction of Constructi construction C groundwater from Central on stage cost Groundwater Authority • Arrangements shall be made by contractor that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected.  Disposal of water • Provisions shall be made to Clause No. 1010 EP Throughout the Project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD during connect road side drains with Act 1986 MoSRTH Constructi construction C

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision Construction exiting nearby ponds otherwise Specifications for on stage cost make provision of water Road and Bridge harvesting pits intermittently. works  Alteration in • Existing drainage system to be Design requirement, Near all drainage channels, river During Included in Contractor SQC surface water maintained and further Clause No 501.8.6. crossings etc. Constructi construction hydrology due to enhanced. MoSRTH on stage cost embankment • Provision shall be made for Specifications for adequate size and number of Road and Bridge cross drainage structures esp. in the areas where land is sloping towards road alignment. • Road level shall be raised above HFL level wherever road level is lesser than HFL.  Siltation in water • Embankment slopes to be Design requirement Near all river water bodies, such During Included in Contractor SQC bodies due to modified suitably to restrict the , as Sindh, Pahuj and Kanrhai Constructi construction construction soil debris entering water bodies. Clause No 501.8.6. river embankment slopes. on stage cost activities/ • Provision of Silt fencing shall be MoSRTH earthwork made at water bodies. Specifications for • Silt/sediment should be collected Road and Bridge and stockpiled for possible reuse works as surfacing of slopes where (CP and CP) they have to be re-vegetated. and worldwide best • Earthworks and stone works to practices be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.  Deterioration in • No vehicles or equipment should The Water Water bodies, refueling stations, During Construction Contractor SQC Surface water be parked or refuelled near (Prevention and construction camps. Constructi cost quality due to water-bodies, so as to avoid Control of Pollution) on Stage leakage from contamination from fuel and Act, 1974 and Monitoring cost vehicles and lubricants. amendments as indicated in equipments and • Oil and grease traps and fuelling thereof. EMoP waste from platforms to be provided at reconstruction fuelling locations. camps. • All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and 123

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. • All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. Readily available, simple to understand and preferably written in the local language emergency response procedure, including reporting, will be provided by the contractors • Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies. • Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site only. • Water quality shall be monitored periodically. 7. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation loss • Minimize tree cutting to the Forest Conservation Throughout project corridor During the Indicated MPRDC SQC due to site extent possible. Act 1980 design above through preparation and • Roadside trees to be removed + and competent construction with prior approval of competent IRC SP: 21 and IRC Constructi authority activities and authority. SP:66 on stage Plantation Strategy • Compensatory plantation at 1:7 basis and additional plantation as per the IRC guidelines in consultation with Forest Department. • Regular maintenance of all trees planted. • Provision of LPG in construction camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting, wherever possible. • Plantation of trees on both sides of the road. Integrate vegetation

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision management (IVM) with the carriage way completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the road to the boundary of ROW, vegetation structured with smaller plants near the line and larger trees further away to avoid costly and provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals. Additional plantation near river banks to check erosion as part of compensatory plantation. • In the event of design changes during the construction stages additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made by the EA. • Road side Plantation Strategy as per IRC specifications including manuring. • Control use of pesticides/fertilizers 8. Construction Camps  Impact associated • All camps should maintain Design Requirement All construction camps During Included in Contractor and SQC with location minimum distance from Constructi construction EO following: on stage cost # 500 m from habitation # 1000 m from forest areas where possible # 500 m from water bodies where possible # 500 m from through traffic route where possible • The average distance between two camps should be 50 km 125

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  worker’s Health in • The location, layout and basic The Building and All construction camps During Part of the Contractor SQC construction facility provision of each labor Other Construction constructi Contract camp camp will be submitted to SQC workers (Regulation on stage prior to their construction. The of Employment and construction shall commence Conditions of only after approval of SQC. Service) Act 1996 • The contractor will maintain and necessary living accommodation The Water and ancillary facilities in (Prevention and functional and hygienic manner Control of Pollution) as approved by the EA. Act, 1974 and • Adequate water and sanitary amendments latrines with septic tanks thereof attached to soak pits shall be provided. • Preventive medical care to be provided to workers including a First-Aid kit that must be available in the camp. • Waste disposal facilities such as dust bins must be provided in the camps and regular disposal of waste must be carried out . • The Contractor will take all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. • No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, barter to the workers of host community. • Awareness raising to immigrant workers/local community on communicable and sexually transmitted diseases.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision 8. Management of Construction Waste/Dismantled Debris  Selection of • Unproductive/wastelands shall Design Requirement At all Dumping Sites Constructi Part of the Contractor. SQC Dumping Sites be selected for dumping sites. and MoSRTH on contract • Away from residential areas and guidelines water bodies • Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. • Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats has to be obtained before finalizing the location. 127

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Reuse and • The existing bitumen surface disposal of shall be utilized for paving of construction and cross roads, access roads, and dismantled waste paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, and haulage routes. • All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. • Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. • Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. 8. Accessibility, Traffic Management, Accident and Safety Risks  Design • Temporary traffic diversion shall Throughout the project corridor During Project Contractor SQC requirement and be planned by the contractor and Design requirement especially at intersections. constructi preparation Traffic Planning approved by the ‘Engineer’. and on stage and During • The traffic control plans shall IRC SP:55 construction Construction contain details of diversions; cost Stage traffic safety arrangements during construction; safety measures for nighttime traffic

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision and precautions for transportation of hazardous materials. Traffic control plans shall be prepared in line with requirements of IRC’s SP 55 document’. • The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. • Restriction of construction activity to only one side of the existing road. • The contractor shall inform local community of changes to traffic routes, and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from “Engineer”. • Use of adequate signages to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures.  Pedestrians, • All measures for the safety of Design requirement Near habitation on both sides of Included in Contractor in SQC animal and traffic during construction viz. and schools, temples, hospitals, construction consultation Vehicular signs, markings, flags, lights and • IRC: SP: 27 - graveyards, construction sites, cost. with Forest movement, flagmen as proposed in the 1984 Report haulage roads, diversion sites department Traffic Control Plan/Drawings Containing (refer Table 5.3. Some of the and MPRDC shall be taken. Recommendation specific locations are: Chirauna, s of IRC Regional • Temporary access and diversion, Workshops on Nibi, Bindadna, Bhander, with proper drainage facilities. Highway Safety Daboh, Lahar, Nabhua, Mihona • Access to the schools, temples • IRC:SP: 32 -1988 etc. and other public places must be Road Safety for maintained when construction Children (5-12 129

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision takes place near them. Years Old) • Fencing wherever cattle • IRC:SP: 44 -1994 movement is expected. To avoid Highway Safety Code the need for cattle underpasses, • IRC: SP: 55 - some of the proposed culverts 2001 Guidelines `near habitations may be for Safety in widened to facilitate cattle Construction movement. Zones  Safety of Workers • Contractors to adopt and • The Building and Construction sites Constructi Included in Obligation of SQC and accident risk maintain safe working practices. other on period construction Contractor from construction • Usage of fluorescent and Construction cost activities workers Act 1996 retroflectory signage, in local and Cess Act of language at the construction 1996 sites • Factories Act • Training to workers on safety 1948 procedures and precautions. • Mandatory appointment of safety officer. • All regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress shall be complied with. • Provision of PPEs to workers. • Provision of a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials. • The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work • Use of hazardous material should be minimized and/or restricted. • Emergency plan (to be approved by engineer) shall be prepared to respond to any accidents or

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision emergencies. • Accident Prevention Officer must be appointed by the contractor.  Accident risk to • Restrict access to construction Construction sites local community sites to authorized personnels • Physical separation must be provided for movement of vehicular and human traffic. • Adequate signages must be provided for safe traffic movement 9. Common Property Resources and other Utilities  Utilities • All telephone and electrical Project requirement Throughout the corridor Before Included in Contractor/SQ SQC poles/wires and underground Constructi construction / C cables should be shifted before on R and R cost. start of construction 10. Enhancement Measures  Environmental • Maintenance of tree Environmental Throughout the corridor Design Construction Contractor SQC enhancement plantations. Enhancement as and cost along the corridor • Enhancement/rehabilitation of part of project Constructi borrow areas and camp sites requirement on Stage etc. 11. Contractor Demobilization 131

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Clean-up • Contractor will prepare site Project requirement Throughout the Corridor and Immediate ---- Contractor SQC Operations, restoration plans, which will be borrow areas ly after Restoration and approved by the ‘Engineer’. Constructi Rehabilitation The clean-up and restoration on operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. • All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to the satisfaction of the Environmental officer. All the opened borrow areas will be rehabilitated .and ‘Engineer’ will certify in this regard. B. Operation Stage 1. Climate and Air quality  Air pollution due • Roadside tree plantations shall Environmental Throughout the Corridor Througho Indicated In SQC/contractor to due to be maintained. Protection Act, ut EMoP vehicular • Regular maintenance of the road 1986; The Air operation movement will be done to ensure good (Prevention and period surface condition Control of Pollution) • Vehicular air pollution will be Act, 1981 managed and monitored at the toll plazas. • Ambient air quality monitoring. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken. • Technological and behavioral changes • Road signs shall be provided reminding the motorist to

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision properly maintain their vehicles to economize on fuel consumption and protect the environment. 2. Noise Environment  Noise due to • Effective traffic management Noise Pollution Noise sensitive locations as Througho Included in SQC movement of and good riding conditions shall (Regulation and given in Table 5.1 (chapter 5) ut additional traffic be maintained to reduce the Control) Rules, operation plantation cost. noise level throughout the 2000 and period stretch and speed limitation and amendments honking restrictions may be thereof enforced near sensitive locations. • The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be monitored and if need be, solid noise barrier shall be placed. • Create awareness amongst the residents about likely noise levels from road operation at different distances, the safe ambient noise limits and easy to implement noise reduction measures while constructing a building close to the road.

3. Land and Soil  Soil erosion at • Periodic checking to be carried Project requirement At bridge locations specifically at Througho Included in SQC embankment to assess the effectiveness of Sindh, Pahuj and Kanrhai river ut Operation/ during heavy the stabilization measures viz. and embankment slopes and operation Maintenance rain fall. turfing, stone pitching, river other probable soil erosion period cost training structures etc. areas. • Necessary measures to be followed wherever there are failures 4. Water Resources 133

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Contamination of • Monitoring of surface water Near surface Water bodies surface water bodies specifically at Sindh, Pahuj and Indicated in quality due to Kanrhai river EMoP leakage of oil  Siltation • Regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockage of drains/culverts. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures for its effective maintenance.  Water logging • Regular checks shall be done Throughout the corridor due to blockage along the alignment to ensure of streams that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels/streams. • Monitoring of water borne diseases due to stagnant water bodies  Protection of • Immediate removal of deposited Project requirement Identified Flood prone areas During Operation and SQC Embankment in silt from drainage channels and whole Maintenance Flood prone out-let points. Rejuvenation of operation Cost Areas the drainage system by removing stage encroachments/ congestions. This shall be done in close coordination with concerned department. • Long term strategy to be worked out with water resources, agriculture, soil and other department. 5. Flora and Fauna

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and Forest Conservation Throughout project section During Indicated in SQC grasses to be properly Act 1980 whole Monitoring cost maintained. operation in EMoP • The tree survivalist audit to be period conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness • Maintenance of box culverts, wherever provided. 6. Flooding/ inundation  Road inundation • MPRDC will ensure that all Project operation Throughout the stretch During Overall SQC due to choking of drains (side drains and all cross requirement particularly in rolling topography whole Operation cost drainage drainages) are periodically section operation channels cleared especially before period monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding. 7. Right-of-Way Maintenance  Accident Risk due • Efforts shall be made to make Project requirement Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC to uncontrolled shoulder completely clear of whole operation/ growth of vegetation. operation Maintenance vegetation • Regular maintenance of period. cost plantation along the roadside • Invasive plant not to be planted near the road. 8. Accidents and Safety  Accident risks • Traffic control measures, IRC:SP:55 Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC associated with including speed limits, will be whole operation/ traffic movement. enforced strictly. operation Maintenance • Further encroachment and period. cost squatting within the ROW will be prevented. • No school or hospital will be allowed to be established within 100 m of the highway without permission from the planning authorities. 135

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision • Monitor/ensure that all safety provisions included in design and construction phase are properly maintained • Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling. Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims, if possible. • Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles if possible. • Coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate if possible.  Transport of • Preparation of spill prevention Throughout the project stretch Included in SQC Dangerous and control and emergency operation/ Goods preparedness and responsive Maintenance plans based on an analysis of cost. hazards, implementation of presentation and control measures. • Emergency plan for vehicles carrying hazardous material 9. Monitoring Operation Performance  Monitoring • The MPRDC will monitor the Throughout the corridor Included in SQC Operation operational performance of the EMoP Performance various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project • The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility of enhancement provision, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas, Air

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality, drainage pattern, etc. EA: Executing Agency, MPRDC: Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, SQC: Supervision Quality Controller, EO: Environmental Officer, IRC: Indian Road Congress

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APPENDIX 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators Env. Project Frequency and Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage Duration cost (Rs) s High volume sampler Hot mix plants, stone to be located 50 m 24 hr Contractor crushers and construction/ Construction from the plant in the continuous, 6x5000x3x3 through approved earthwork sites and as NAAQS SQC stage downwind direction. 3/year for 3 =Rs. 2,70,000 monitoring suggested by SQC Use method specified years agency SPM, (Total 6 Locations) by CPCB for analysis Air RSPM, SO2, High volume sampler Quality NOX, CO, to be located 50 m Major Road Intersections SQC through HC from the selected 24 hr 6X5000x3X1 Operation and Residential area approved locations in the continuous, NAAQS =Rs 90,000 SQC stage (6 Locations) monitoring downwind direction. 3/year for 1 year agency Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Groundwater at Construction Camps/site and Surface Ground water at and downstream of Contractor Construction water: (IS: 3/year for 3 6x 4000x3X3 through approved river Pahuj, Kanrhai and any CPCB SQC stage 10500:1991) years =Rs 216, 000 monitoring and Grab sample collected large pond located close to agency Surface from source and the alignment being used by water for analyze as per local community. Water Class D and Quality Class E as Standard Methods for Groundwater at 2 locations Prescribed Examination of Water and Surface water sample by CPCB and Wastewater of river Pahuj, Kanrhai EO through Operation 6X3x4000 approved and for (downstream of bridge 3/year for 1 year CPCB SQC stage vector borne =Rs 72, 000 monitoring Location) and stagnant agency diseases water bodies developed due to borrow areas Once during Guidelines Siltation Visual Checks for presence of All rivers/streams/drainage Routine work rainy seasons of from water in Water Construction construction debris/waste and channels and major water of Engineering Contractor SQC the construction resources Bodies bodies along the stretch Team blockade of drainage channels period. department

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Env. Project Frequency and Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage Duration cost (Rs) s Guidelines EO, with support Once during Routine work st from water of Water Operation operation of 1 of Engineering SQC resources Resource year Team department Department Construction sites, major road intersections and 1 Free field at 1 m from 24 hr 10x1500x3x3 each at residential, Construction the equipment whose continuous, =Rs. 1,35,000 commercial and sensitive SQC SQC stage noise levels are being 3*/year for 3 Equivalent locations along the determined. years Noise levels alignment. Noise on dB (A) (10 Locations) MoEF levels scale for day Equivalent Noise Near residential, and night levels using an commercial and silence Operation integrated noise level 3 / year for 1 6x3000x3X1 zone. SQC SQC stage meter kept at a year =Rs 54, 000 (6 Locations) distance of 15 m from

edge of Pavement NPK (ICAR standard ) Once during CPCB and Construction and heavy agricultural land and HMP whole NPK as per 12,000 SQC SQC Stage metals for sites construction ICAR Soil dredging stage standard Quality sites At oil spillage locations and Once for the first Operation Oil and As specified by the other probable soil year of CPCB 12,000 SQC SQC stage grease site engineer contamination location operation MPRDC/SQC Part of routine Construction Visual action of After first rain Contractor MPRDC Stage Visual check Throughout the project Checks engineering Soil for Soil corridor especially at River team Erosion erosion and banks, bridge locations Part of routine Once during Operation siltation structures st Visual action of operation of 1 Engineering Team of MPRDC Stage Checks engineering year team Throughout the Project Part of routine Drainage Once in a year Construction Corridor especially at None action of Contractor’s Congesti Visual Checks before rainy SQC stage probable drainage Specific engineering Engineering Team on season congestion areas as team 139

Env. Project Frequency and Approximate Indicator Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Supervision Stage Duration cost (Rs) s described in IEE Part of routine Once in a year Operation None action of before rainy MPRDC Engineering Team Stage Specific engineering season for 3 yrs team IRC guidelines Identification of and Best Contractor with Construction Borrow areas to be Visual Checks borrow areas as Once in a month Practices approval from SQC Stage operated per IEE for Borrow MPRDC Borrow Part of the area Areas Contract operation Borrow Rehabilitation as Operation Quarterly for 1 Area Visual Checks recommended in Closed Borrow Areas MPRDC Stage year rehabilitatio IEE n Plan Storage Area, Construct IRC Construction Quarterly ion Rapid audit as guidelines Part of the Contractor with Construction Sites for Construction Sites and during Sites and per reporting and to the regular approval from SQC stage Hygiene, Camp construction Labour format satisfaction monitoring E.O., MPRDC drainage Medical period Camp of SQC Facilities Etc. During site Surveillance monitoring of trees Construction Throughout the Project clearance in felling SQC/Local Forest Departments Stage Section construction As phase Included in Tree suggested overall The Engineer will be responsible Plantatio by Forest plantation Cost for monitoring upto the Defect n Operation Audit for survival rate of trees Throughout the Project Once in a year Dept. Liability Period in any particular stage plantation Section for years stretch. After this period the SQC will be responsible for monitoring Monitoring Costs: INR 0.86 Million MPRDC – Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited, EO: Environmental Officer, SQC-Supervision Quality Controller; IS - India standard; NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Plumbum, (lead); RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, HC- Hydrocarbon, CO- Carbon monoxide