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Le Genre Plagiolophus (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla

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Le Genre Plagiolophus (Palaeotheriidae, Perissodactyla LE GENRE PLAGIOLOPHUS (PALAEOTHERIIDAE, PERISSODACTYLA, MAMMALIA) : REVISION SYSTEMATIQUE, MORPHOLOGIE ET HISTOLOGIE DENTAIRES, ANATOMIE CRANIENNE, ESSAI D'INTERPRETATION FONCTIONNELLE par Jean A. REMY* SOMMAIRE Page Résumé, Abstract, Zusammenfassung . .20 Introduction . 23 Matériel et méthodes . 24 Sigles des collections . 29 Cadre systématique . 29 Taxons invalidés ou rapportés à d'autres genres . 30 Révision systématique et descriptions . 31 Genre Plagiolophus POMEL, 1847 . 31 Sous-genre Plagiolophus POMEL 1847 . 33 Plagiolophus (Plagiolophus) minor (CUVIER, 1804) POMEL, 1847 . 33 Plagiolophus (Plagiolophus) ovinus (AYMARD, 1846) POMEL, 1853 . 58 Plagiolophus (Plagiolophus) ringeadei n.sp. 60 Plagiolophus (Plagiolophus) ministri BRUNET & JEHENNE, 1989 . 65 Plagiolophus (Plagiolophus) huerzeleri REMY, 2000 . 71 Plagiolophus (Plagiolophus) javali (FILHOL, 1877) STEHLIN, 1904b . 74 Sous-genre Paloplotherium OWEN, 1848 . 77 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) annectens (OWEN, 1848) STEHLIN, 1904 . 77 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) cartieri STEHLIN, 1904b . 88 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) lugdunensis (DEPÉRET & CARRIERE, 1901) HOOKER, 1986 . 92 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) cartailhaci STEHLIN, 1904 . 94 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) major (BRUNET & JEHENNE, 1989) . 97 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) curtisi HOOKER, 1986 . 101 Laboratoire de paléontologie de l'ISE-M, Université Montpellier II. Laboratoire de paléontologie de l'EPHE, Montpellier. E-mail : [email protected] Mots-clés: nouveaux taxons, Paléogène, anatomie crânienne, histologie dentaire, périssodactyles Key-words: new taxa, Paleogene, skull anatomy, tooth histology, perissodactyls Palaeovertebrata, Montpellier, 33 (1-4): 17–281, 65 fig., 47 tabl., 17 pl. (Publié le 15 Décembre 2004) Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) curtisi curtisi HOOKER, 1986 . 102 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) curtisi creechensis HOOKER, 1986 . 104 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) casasecaensis CUESTA, 1994 . 105 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) mazateronensis CUESTA, 1994 . 106 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) mamertensis n. sp. 108 Plagiolophus (Paloplotherium) oweni DEPÉRET, 1917 . 112 Sous-genre Fraasiolophus nov. 117 Plagiolophus (Fraasiolophus) fraasi v. MEYER, 1852 . 118 Caractères généraux et évolution du genre Plagiolophus . 122 Dentition . 122 Formule dentaire et séquence de la dentition . 122 Le problème des P1 . 122 Séquence de la dentition . 125 Morphologie dentaire . 125 Caractères généraux des dents . 125 Caractères morphologiques des différentes catégories dentaires . 136 Histologie dentaire . 148 Email . 148 Dentine . 151 Cément . 152 Conclusion sur la dentition de Plagiolophus . 153 Ostéologie crânienne . 154 Caractères osseux communs aux divers Plagiolophus . 154 Anatomie crânio-dentaire dans son ensemble . 160 Le dimorphisme sexuel chez Plagiolophus . 160 Influence possible du sexe sur le gradient d'abrasion des molaires . 162 Discussion . 163 Schéma global de l'évolution dentaire et crânienne du genre Plagiolophus . 164 Note bibliographique sur le squelette post-crânien . 165 Phylogenèse du genre Plagiolophus . 168 L'appartenance du genre Plagiolophus à la famille des Palaeotheriidae . 168 Origine du genre Plagiolophus . 170 Systématique et phylogenèse intra-génériques . 176 "Plagiolophus" et "Paloplotherium" . 176 Relations phylétiques inter-spécifiques . 181 Regroupements sub-génériques . 183 Présentation synoptique de diagnoses différentielles chez les Plagiolophini . 186 Analyse fonctionnelle . 189 Morphologie faciale . 189 Développement relatif du secteur facial . 189 Développement facial et mode de locomotion . 192 Morphologie de la région faciale préorbitaire ou museau . 193 Diastèmes post-canins et forme de la région incisivo-canine . 193 Situation de l’orbite, du foramen infra-orbitaire et profondeur de l’échancrure nasale . 197 Echancrure nasale, relief latéral du museau et fosses préorbitaires . 199 Allongement des os nasaux . 200 Fonction masticatoire et régime alimentaire . 201 Musculature masticatrice . 201 Volumes relatifs des muscles . 201 Bras de résistance du levier articulaire . 202 18 Moments des muscles . 205 Conclusion . 205 Cinétique mandibulaire et cycle masticatoire . 207 Données ostéologiques chez Plagiolophus minor . 207 Les déplacements mandibulaires au cours du cycle masticatoire . 207 Séquence de l’activité musculaire au cours du cycle . 208 Le cycle masticatoire dentaire . 208 Le régime alimentaire . 209 Le.
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