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Aqualite ELed Edited by The U.K. Aqualite eLED is a small format video light. Rosemary ‘Roz’ E. Lunn It is capable of producing up to 600 lumens at a 90º angle, making it a useful light source Equipment for wide-angle or fisheye type cameras such as GoPro and the Intova SP1. The batteries provide useful burn times: 600 lumens / 1.3 hours, 340 lumens / 2.3 hours, Leonardo 220 lumens / 4.2 hours and 115 lumens / The Leonardo is Cressi’s first take at 8.8 hours. Other features include double designing and making a computer o-rings on the front and back rotary entirely in-house. It has updated seals, anodized machined aluminum and cleaned up a basic classic power head and rotary switch, high concept and compact design. A impact ABS anti-corrosion body and hi-def screen with large numeri- stainless steel thread attachments. cal display makes all the essential Uwkinetics.com information easy to read even at glance. The single button interface makes settings easy. It has modes for W4 air, (up to 50%) and gauge. For the Waterproof has augmented their advanced divers it also comes with a PO2 signature anatomical alarm that can be set between 1.2 bar and 1.6 range with the launch of the bar, a CNS toxicity graphic indicator and eye-catching ‘W4’. This high user-selectable Deep Stop function. Cressi.com quality gender specific cut suit replaces the W2, and is Aqua Lung Ava available in both 5mm and Making a male glove smaller 7mm. It is no surprise that for female divers doesn’t really the W4 is a bit of a stunner. work. Ladies have longer hands Waterproof has earned a and narrower fingers, and the much deserved reputation Ava glove from Aqua Lung’s for their thorough research, ‘Details’ collection has been design and attention to detail. cut accordingly, to give a We don’t think the W4 will better fit. It utilises thicker disappoint. Benefits include Aeris Jetpack BCD super stretchy neoprene double seals, moulded rub- This game changing one-size-fits-all fully functional back inflated on the back of the hand ber kneepads, Wave Flex BCD was designed with the future dive traveller in mind. The Aeris for warmth, whilst ensuring panels in the hollow of arms Jetpack morphs into an airplane hand luggage, adventure-style dexterity is retained because and legs, 10mm spinepad backpack, thus saving you the agony of lost luggage and checked the palm has a thinner neoprene. and a comfort neck zip. It baggage fees. Simply mate the 42-litre travel bag with the Jetpack These gloves come in two also has computer anchor BCD, and you create a bag capable of carrying your regulator, thicknesses 3 / 2mm and 6 straps built into each mask, fins, , wetsuit, toiletries, swimwear, diving qualifications, / 4 mm. The longer tab on wrist—simply thread your flip flops and cuddly toy. Once in resort, you simply unzip the bag the back of the gloves makes strap through to secure and dive the 1,000 Denier Cordura BCD. It has 30lb of lift and comes donning and doffing a pleasure, against the anti- with a unique completely adjustable harness system and dumpable and the rubberized palm and fingers provide slip surface. pockets. Clever Aeris. Diveaeris.com decent grip. Aqualung.com Waterproof.eu

53 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Finn Light Short This natty little light can pro- duce up to 1,400 lumens for 2.5 hours, thanks to three high efficiency Cree XP-G LEDs. These LED diodes are awfully bright—6300°K to be exact— and the colour of light they produce is akin to what you would see on a sunlit ski slope. If 1,400 lumens are too dazzling for you, the Finn Light Short 1400 Smart has two other power settings: 700 lumens for 4.5 hours and the ‘safety mode’ of 100 lumens, with a 24-hour burn time. Finn recommends that you specifically use this mode on the sur- face when prepping gear, or entering the water. It is probably because this light produces quite a lot of heat. Other features include a 10° focus beam, discharging and overcharging Set your course for success protection, an anatomical at the ONLY international Goodman handle and an trade-only event for diving, operational depth of up to action watersports and travel 200 metres. Finnsub.com professionals!

BlueHeat DUI launched ‘BlueHeat™ —a one piece battery-powered heated garment system—at the 2012 DEMA show. You can either wear BlueHeat as is, beneath your suit, or aug- ment your thermal protection by donning additional layers on top of the BlueHeat suit. November 6–9, 2013 Dui-online.com Orlando, Florida Orange County Convention Center Dual format Ever got comfused over units used overseas? Enter Scubapro’s new compact all-metal analogue gauge. Its dual bar/psi scale facebook.com/DEMAShow linkedin.com/company/dema-org pinterest.com/demashow twitter.com/DEMA_Show makes it ideal both for travelling divers and resorts with interna- tional clientele. Scubapro.com

54 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Diver on wreck of the SS Carnatic

Red Sea Wrecks Text and photos by Brandi Mueller , The , its reputation precedes itself. The beautiful red-orange desert mountains stand over the unexpected and contrasting blues of the water. The calm and clear waters hide much below. Under the water is a rainbow of colors, and among the fish and corals, are the re- mains of many ships.

The Red Sea has been deceitful to many captains over time. The beautiful reefs that divers dream about here have also caused many a ship to meet its end. Sail- ors thought they were safe after clearing the challenging and narrow Suez Canal only to run aground or hit just out- side the canal. Misjudgment and bad weather as well as numerous wars have laid the stage for the demise of many ships. Although a popular dive location for Europeans, I (coming from the United States) knew very little about what I would find. I had always heard about its fantastic reputation and was excited to discover there were so many wrecks (which I happen to like very much). Not only are there wrecks, but there are wrecks with really great stories be- hind them. Gold coins, wars, motor- cycles and even toilets—who knew? I love nothing more than a good story and a good dive to create more diving stories to tell over a few drinks back on the boat. Lucky for me I had a week on Emperor Diver’s MV Superior and a fantastic group of Finnish and Irish dive buddies. The hardest part was that there were so many wrecks with so much to see on

55 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO travel Red Sea

THIS PAGE: Scenes from the SS Thistilegorm; City of Hurghada (right)

and Italian Thistlegorm, two ships ing a huge in the Mediterra- had collided blocking explosion nean, she made the entrance of the and sinking the long trip canal, forcing her to the ship. Two around via Cape wait before continuing. Heinkel He- Town, South She was moored at Safe 111 aircrafts Africa, refueled Anchorage F in Septem- had been and headed up ber, awaiting the call to dispatched through the Red continue up the canal. by the Ger- Sea towards the The Thistlegorm waited mans from Suez Canal. for two weeks and on Crete to find Passage October 6, in the middle and destroy through the Suez of the night, two bombs a rumored was dependent were dropped on her, ship carrying each one. I wanted to dive them over on how many other ships there were, both hitting a hold with 1,200 British and over again. The dive guides cor- enemy activity, and in the case of the stored ammunition caus- troops, and rectly assured me that the next one these aircraft would be just as good, if not better. were headed back after an unsuccess- Diving out of Hurghada in March, the ful hunt. They spotted the Thistlegorm at water , frosty 22°C (70°F) anchor in the moonlight and decided was a bit colder than I expected (I to release the unused bombs. The hadn’t done my research before arriv- explosion almost tore the ship in two, ing). My first giveaway that the water and towards the stern, the ship seems would be chilly was when my boat to have peeled away leaving a distinct mates were unpacking their drysuits! missing section of the ship. Luckily the diving was so good that I While passing through Cape Town, didn’t notice I was cold until the safety the HMS Carlisle had joined the Thistle- stop. With so much to look at and so gorm and was anchored nearby also many things to take photos of, I hardly awaiting passage. The Carlisle rescued had time to notice I couldn’t feel my what crew it could, but nine of the 48 toes. didn’t survive. Launched in 1940, the Thistlegorm Diving the wrecks was built as a steam, single screw cargo SS Thistlegorm. The World War II Brit- ship. She only had four voyages, the ish Supply Ship, SS Thistlegorm, had fourth being her last. Her completed left Glasgow, England, on 2 June 1941 journeys were to North America to loaded with military supplies headed bring back steel rails and aircraft parts, for Alexandria, Egypt. Due to German Argentina for grain, and the West In-

56 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO THIS PAGE: Scenes from the wreck of the Thistlegorm; Motorbikes stacked travel in the beds of trucks on deck (right) Red Sea

bow and entered the interior of the ship one truck, our dive guide point- to visit holds #1 and #2. The first thing I ed out a battery which divers noticed inside the ship was motorbikes had rubbed clean of algae to upon motorbikes stacked in the beds show its brand. It is stamped of trucks. Three bikes to each truck and with “Lucas, 1941, Birmingham with many of the trucks you could see England, Lead Acid”. Swimming through the roof of the cab to the driver’s through the holds, there is a lot seat, clutch, pedals, and a few steering of outside light and quite a few wheels. exits if one wants to get out of Continuing over the trucks there were the ship. stacks of tires in any extra space in front On a second dive, we dove of and behind the trucks. Schools of the outside of the wreck first squirrelfish seem to have visiting one of two LMS Stanier dies for sugar and rum. made their homes in Class 8F steam locomotives, To Alexandria she was the ‘tween decks of the destined for Egyptian Railways, carrying Bedford trucks, ship, and they hovered that had been carried on the BSA 350 and Norton 16H above the trucks and deck of the ship. Both were motorbikes, boxes of motorbikes. A diver was hurled off the ship in the explo- rifles, aircraft parts, am- waving his flashlight at sion, landing one on either side munition, tires, Wellington me frantically summon- of the wreck. On our way back boots, torpedoes, tanks, ing me over and point- to the ship towards the stern, two locomotives and ed out a massive green there was an upside down tank other military supplies. moray eel coming out on which one could clearly On our first dive there of a crack between make out the caterpillar tracks. was some , which a truck cab and bed. On the stern, the Thistlegorm is common, and we used Upon closer inspection, was armed with a 120mm a surface line to pull the eel seemed to be (4.7inch) anti-aircraft gun and a ourselves up to the bow guarding a Wellington machine gun (the latter being mooring and decent line. boot. attached after the construction We descended forward The trucks and motor- of the ship). Both of these guns are still in- horizontally. of the ship’s bomb de- bikes seemed to never tact, the forward gun pointing toward the Aside from all the exciting artifacts and struction towards the end, and in the back of sea floor and the machine gun outward historical WWII relicts, the Thistlegorm is

57 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO travel Red Sea

many artifacts have Scenes from the wreck been removed from the of the SS Carnatic ship as well; Cousteau, (above and left) himself, took a motor- cycle, the captain’s went to sleep, hand- teeming with marine life. We saw several cate the wreck in 1956 using knowledge safe, and the ship’s bell. Divers ing the vessel over crocodile fish lounging on the deck, the from local fisherman, but it was not found have removed many of the small to his officers and holds were filled with colorful reef fish, again and dove until the early 1990s. objects such as steering wheels giving the orders of batfish patrolled the decks, and pink and Unfortunately, time and extensive use and parts of the motorcycles “full speed ahead”. orange anthias guarded the soft coral- is taking its toll on the wreck. Rusting from over time. Shortly after, the ship covered winch. more than 70 years in saltwater as well as Even with the wreck pillagers hit the reef and sank. The Thistlegorm is one of the most many boats mooring directly to it in weak and dive boats and saltwater Having originally popular and most dived sites in the world, spots have caused collapses. Sadly, taking its toll, the Thistlegorm is a been launched as and it’s easy to see fantastic wreck dive. the Shoyo Maru in why. The cargo it Multiple dives are need- 1969, the 99m (325ft) contains makes for an ed to see the majority long and 16m (52ft) exciting treasure hunt of it, and even after wide cargo vessel with unsuspected many dives it would be was built in Japan. war artifacts found tough to get bored. She was sold and around every cor- frequent ner. Its max depth is the dive site. Being close to the Giannis D, the Carnatic, the around 30m (100ft) Sharm el-Sheikh and Hurgada, Chrisoula K, the Kimmon M, and the making it easy for day boats can easily get there. Marcus. recreational divers The Giannis D had left the and allowing for a fair Giannis D. Shab Abu Nuhas is a Croatian port of Rijeka in April 1983, amount of bottom reef that is just below the sur- carrying wood to Jeddah, Saudi time. Jacques Coust- face near the Straits of Gobal, Arabia, and continuing on to Ho- eau was the first to lo- a very busy shipping lane. This deidah, Yemen. Having made it hidden reef has been the de- through the Suez Canal, the captain Scenes from mise of more than one ship. In thought they were in the clear and the wreck of the fact, the wrecks of five ships can Giannis D (right, top be dived off Shab Abu Nuhaus: Historical image left and top center) of the SS Carnatic wikimedia commons

58 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO travel

Anthias on coral; Pair of chevron butterflyfish (right); Diver at Carnatic wreck site encounters wild dolphins (lower right)

renamed the Marcos in 1975, and sold intact. again in 1980 to Dumarc Shipping and The fish life is pro- Trading Corporation and named the Gi- lific with many spe- annis and D for Dumarc. cies of reef fish call- Sitting at a 45 degree angle on her port ing the shipwreck side between 6-27m (20-90ft) our dive home. A large mast guide took us through the interior of the extends horizontally stern. The slight tilt made it feel as if we from the ship and is were swimming through an underwater covered with hard fun house. There isn’t too much in the and soft corals. It way of artifacts inside the ship, but the appears to be its engine room is easily accessed with ma- own little mini reef, chinery, gauges, handles and levers still and I saw emperor anglefish and par- rofish there. Hang- ing down from the mast are the original rigging lines, also growing pink soft corals. The collapsed midsection harbors GB£40,000 of gold coins. In the dark early batfish and crocodilefish. hours of 16 September 1869, the ship hit Shab Abu Nuhas. Captain Jones assessed SS Carnatic. Another casualty of Shab the damage and decided the ship was Abu Nuhas reef, SS Carnatic was sail- okay for the time being. He knew the ing to Bombay from Suez with 34 pas- P&O Liner Sumatra would be passing by sengers and 176 crew, carrying cotton soon. He decided to keep all passengers Curious dolphins at the Carnatic wreck site bales, copper sheeting, Royal Mail and on board and continue business as usual Lush coral growth on the wreck of the SS Carnatic

59 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO travel Red Sea

THIS PAGE: Scenes from the wreck of the Rosalie Moller; Glassfish (left)

port side sending everyone into the water. and copper on the With many heroic efforts, the remaining boat, Lloyds of Lon- passengers were rescued and transported don sent one of their to Shadwan. Eventually, the Sumatra best salvagers to the passed by and rescued those left. wreck. All the gold was Today, the wooden decks of the reported found as well 90x12m (300x40ft) ship have rotted away as much of the cop- leaving only the steel hull, with its iron sup- per and mail, although ports and cross-members. The shallowest there’s still a rumor that part of the ship is at 17m (55ft) and the gold coins may be deepest at 27m (88ft). It is lying on its port found around the ship. side. I had a quick look, but The iron ribs were extensively draped sadly, didn’t find any. with soft coral probably due to lots of water, nutrients and sunlight being able Rosalie Moller. An- to pass through the beams. The bow other loss of WWI, the area was packed full of glass fish, which Rosalie Moller was built hardly even tried to move out of the way in 1910 in Glasgow by when a diver swam through. Near the Barclay Curle & Co bow, dozens of small pipefish were free under the name Fran- swimming just off the beams in search of cis. The 108m (355ft) until the Sumatra showed up to rescue went on, the captain finally gave the breakfast. ship was sold in 1931, them. Passengers were told not to worry okay for passengers to be put into the The middle section has mostly col- renamed, and started and instead to prepare themselves for lifeboat. lapsed but the stern is intact and the sailing in China. When dinner. It had been a day and a half since they prop sits in the sand. A very photogenic the war broke out, she Passengers asked the captain multiple ran aground. As the first four passengers davit encrusted with corals extends out was moved back to times to take them to were being put in the lifeboat (woman from the stern section, and as I was fram- Liverpool and placed some three miles away by lifeboat. and children first) theCarnatic suddenly ing a photo with the davit and the sun under the command of All requests for transport were denied, as broke in half. The aft section of the boat behind it, a group of four large spotted Captain James Byrne, transporting goods coal, highly coveted during the war he kept hoping for the Sumatra to pass sank quickly with five passengers and 26 dolphins swam by our group of divers. for the Royal Navy. because it was supposed to burn longer by. Becoming more persistent as time crew. Soon, the rest of the ship fell onto its Because of the large quantity of gold In July 1941, she was carrying Belgian and created less smoke, to Alexandria.

60 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO travel Red Sea With the Mediterranean off limits because of German and Italian forces, she sailed the long way around via South Africa. Having gotten near the Suez Canal, just like the Thistlegorm, the Rosalie Moller took anchor to wait its turn to go up the channel. This ship's passage was also affect- ed by the collision that made the Thistlegorm wait. Anchoring in Safe Anchor- explored the exterior, which is age H, the Rosalie Moller had still very much intact and sit- no idea about the loss of the ting upright. Visibility was a little Thistlegorm two days earlier, murky, which is often normal, when during the night of Oc- making the ship a little eerie tober 8, two more twin engine and mysterious. We had no Heinkels flew overhead and current, and that combined released two bombs, one hitting with the bottom composition the Rosalie Moller, and she sank probably led to the decreased in less than an hour. Only two visibility. lives were lost, the rest of the Descending from our boat, crew were able to get to the our first view was of one of two lifeboats. still upright masts wrapped with Sitting between 17 and 50m soft coral. Headed further down (55-165ft), this is one of the to the ship deck, we swam the bow, the deck gear was all in the direction of the setting deeper wrecks we dived. With towards the bow. I looked still in place, and a crocodile sun, far from land and at least training and into some of the deckhouse fish was lounging in front of the three cigarettes from Ras Mo- equipment, this ship is known for windows, and the interior was winch. hammed. Here, there is a reef its penetrations particularly to packed full of cardinalfish, glass- This site is a popular place which comes out from the sea the engine room, but we only fish and other juveniles. Near for a tiny, but very pretty pur- to break the surface at low . ple flabellina nudibranch. We Go to the end of this reef com- found three of them during our ing from the south east.” short dive on the Rosalie Moller. Pulling out some charts, Running short on bottom time, Howard Rosenstein got quite I headed back to the forward lucky guessing the exact spot. mast to ascend and saw sev- The ship wasn’t identified as the eral large tunas hunting around Dunraven for another two years, the wreck. when engraved porcelain had been found with the name. Dunraven. Sometimes the story Launched in 1873, the Dun- of the finding of a wreck can raven was capable of being be just as exciting as the ac- powered by sail or steam. In count of its sinking. In the case 1876, the ship was on its way to of the Dunraven, in the 1970s, Newcastle from Bombay car- Howard Rosenstein was look- rying spices, timber and cot- ing for a shipwreck to dive. ton. In good weather, the ship Local fishermen provided him sailed straight into the reef near with the “GPS coordinates” of Ras Mohammed in the dark. a site described cryptically: The crew tried for 14 hours to "There is a place out in the Gulf get the ship off the rocks, finally THIS PAGE: Scenes from the wreck of the Dunraven

61 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO THIS PAGE: Scenes from the wreck of travel the Kingston Red Sea most of the wreck from the ard Cousins went to bed to reef. Many fish have made sleep. Near midnight, the the wreck their home in- ship hit Shag Rock. In an cluding many anthias and attempt to save the vessel, several schools of glassfish. the crew dumped a large Some of the more notable quantity of the coal cargo. remains include four tall The ship was still afloat posts near the bow area when the captain asked standing straight up. At the the passing steamship F.W. deepest point, 19m (62ft), Ward to help pull her off. the propeller sits encrusted They declined but offered with coral and fan corals passage for the crew, are growing on the hull. which the captain denied. The Kingston was a 78m Later the Columbian (255ft) by 10m 32ft) rigged came alongside and tried iron hull screw steam to help pull her off, but ship sailing from London couldn’t. A full day had through the Mediterra- passed when the ship nean and the Suez Canal started taking on water to Aden, Yemen, with a and the captain decided crew of 25. Once getting to have the crew aban- through the treacherous don ship. Seventeen crew canal, Master Thomas Rich- were given passage on the

succeeding, but it still capsized, almost felt like entering a large sinking quickly. The 25 crew dome. Light made its way in were rescued by local fisher- through the lower sides near man. the sand, with the ship over- Mostly upside down and lying head. Squirrelfish and goatfish on her port side, the propellers schooled inside the wreck, and are the shallowest point at 17m after exiting, a large napoleon (55ft), and the ship deck sits in wrasse paid us a visit. The area the sand at 27m (88ft). around the wreck was very nice With several entrance points reef with hard corals, sea fans, into the interior, the Dunraven and lots of reef fish. made for a fun dive swimming inside most of the upside down SS Kingston. All that remains of hull. We started the dive outside the Kingston, which sank in 1881 the wreck near the propeller after running aground on Shag (one of the shallowest points) Rock, are the metal beams and which still has three of the hull. Sitting upright with its shal- blades intact. Coming around lowest point at 4m (13ft) the ship the starboard side, we entered remains are so overgrown with the ship near the sand, which corals it's hard to differentiate

62 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Remains of the Jolanda; Diver and fan coral in the travel Red Sea (right) Red Sea abyss. Coming up between 145 and 200 on the Jolanda meters deep, but for me, cargo, I first saw the cargo was just as one lone white interesting, even without porcelain toilet the ship. sitting upright, as if it were waiting Afterthoughts to be used. Con- The history that lies be- tinuing on they neath the Red Sea makes littered the sea it a playground for any floor sometimes enthusiast. stacked on top of With so many ships having each other and sunk for different reasons scattered in all over many years, it has directions. A small become an underwater bit of metal ship museum decorated with structure was left the gorgeous and color- as well, with the ful corals and fish of the beams decorated Red Sea. Tales of destruc- by soft coral, and tion and loss, wars, bad fish taking up weather and just bad residence un- luck are as numerous as derneath, in the the abundant marine life shadows. of the Red Sea. As my The ship was week came to an end, relocated in 2005 I was already planning my return trip to see it all passing Almora, but the rest of the crew again and maybe check stayed onboard for another day and out the Southern Red Sea then moved to Gobul Island, staying wrecks. ■ four days before being rescued. Brandi Mueller is an Jolanda. Often incorrectly spelled underwater photog- Yolanda, the Jolanda was a 75m (245ft) rapher based in Cypriot freighter sailing from Piraeus to Honolulu, Hawaii. Damietta Alexandria Port Said Aqaba with a cargo of toilets, wash ba- She is a PADI IDC IS. Tanţa Suez sins and bathtubs. She ran aground near Staff Instructor Canal JORD. Ras Mohamed during a bad storm on 1 and 100ton USCG Al Jīzah CAIRO April 1981. After four days, the ship rolled Captain. See: Al Fayyūm SINAI onto the port side sitting at the edge of smugmug.siren- SAUDI ARABIA a wall. Until 1985, she was completely in photography.com Al Minyā recreational dive depths, but then the Sharm el-Sheikh ship fell over the edge leaving only the References: Asyūt Hurghada toilet and bathtub cargo behind on the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_ Red reef between 10 and 30m (32-100ft). Thistlegorm Al Khārijah Luxor Sea Close to the popular dive site Shark en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Carnatic LIBYA Reef, the Jolanda cargo is an unex- www.aquatours.com pected sight underwater. We started www.touregypt.net our dive at Shark Reef drifting along in a slight current. The hard corals cover the sloping wall, which extends off into the Location of Hurghada on Cargo of ceramic toilets litter the wreck site of the Jolanda map of Egypt and global map SUDAN

63 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Aging under pressure: Divers maneuver a crate filled with bot- tles of wine into position on the sea floor of the Mediterranean off Costa Brava, Spain

Text by Larry Cohen Photos by Larry Cohen and Olga Torrey So what makes a perfect glass of wine? Wine experts use words such as toasty, tight, tan- nic, buttery, jammy, opulent, earthy and deep to describe wine. Many wine producers in Europe and California are bringing new mean- ing to the word deep. Some wine experts believe that aging wine underwa- ter has many advan- tages. Conditions that impact aging include temperature, pressure, humid- ity, pressure motion, darkness and oxy- gen. Ideal conditions can be found under- UnderwaterTaking Winemaking Vintage water. To Greater Depths larry cohen

64 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO feature Deep Wine

larry cohen

CLOCKWISE FROM LEFT: Lift bag filled with air so crate can be pulled to drop location; Espelt win- ery’s lab; Espelt winery has over 600 acres of larry cohen vineyards in Costa Brava, Spain; Wine being aged in barrels; Wine bottles on the beach getting ready to be put into crates; Inflatable boats and divers are needed to

position the wine larry cohen

There are other reasons for storing wine Espelt is a family- underwater. A winery in Italy began run winery in Spain aging wine underwater because they near Hotel Cala did not have adequate cellar space. Joncols, home to When wine submerged underwater is the Euro-Divers compared to the same wine stored in operation in Costa a cellar, there is definitely a difference. Brava. A number The underwater wine seems older and of years ago, the intense. It is also more complex, with soft- Espelt family, Cala er tannins according to many experts. Joncols and Euro- Divers decided to try underwater wine storage. The larry cohen Euro-Diver staff sank a number of crates. They discovered if they sank the wine too deep, pressure would push in the corks, ruining the wine. After some experimentation they found 33ft (10m) to be the perfect depth. The wine was retrieved eight months later and tested. Both expert wine tasters and lab testing showed the very young wine matured faster under the Mediterranean Sea.

larry cohen olga torrey larry cohen

65 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO feature Deep Wine

larry cohen

Cala Joncols and Euro-Divers continue to sink wine every year. Huge locked crates are filled with bottles of Vailet (white), ViDivi (red) and Escuturit Brut Cava (sparkling) wine. Lift bags are attached to the crates so they will float, while boats drag them into position. Once over the spot, divers carefully removed the air from the lift bags lowering the wine to the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea. Then a small amount of air is added to the bags, and the crates are moved into the exact spot. If there is a small group of divers at the hotel when it is time to retrieve the wine, Euro-Divers runs a scavenger hunt. The locks are removed, and any diver that finds the crates can take one bottle of wine. Cala Joncols, does sell the wine at a premium price. Is the wine better? Not being a wine expert I would say it is at least different. But as a diver sharing a weathered bottle of wine with marine growth attached to olga torrey it, is definitely worth the price! ■ olga torrey Divers release air from lift bag to larry cohen THIS PAGE: Divers attach lines to the crates so they can be dragged by boat into 33ft (10m) of water; gently lower wine to the sea bottom Eight months later the weathered wine bottle is sold at a b b. premium price (left)

66 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO dive fitness Ed.— always consult a physician first Scuba Shoulders before begin- ning any exer- cise or fitness program.

Text by Gretchen M. Ashton, CFT, SFT, SFN, NBFE. Founder of ScubaFit® Healthy shoulders are vital to a positive experience. The mobil- ity of the shoulder joint exceeds every other joint in the human body. It enables divers to reach behind, under, around, above and beyond in near- ly unlimited direc- tions and rotation. Consequently, by design the shoulder joint and its mus- file photo: peter symes culature are highly susceptible to inju- is more like a cup and saucer as the Developing and maintaining healthy injury exists, depending on the type of ball of the upper arm bone (humerus) shoulders can be tricky. Preventing an injury, some therapeutic exercises ry all of the time is larger than the socket (glenoid) of injury is best accomplished with an may also be precluded. and especially the shoulder. Stability of the shoulder is individualized exercise program, but Options may include strengthen- during scuba dependent on the rotator cuff, which certain training activities required ing assisting muscles, (i.e. biceps and diving activi- is comprised of tendons and small to protect the shoulder also present triceps) to help carry the load for the muscles that keep the cup in the sau- some risk of injury especially, if per- shoulders, but if nearby muscle groups ties. cer during movement. formed incorrectly. improve too far beyond that of the To keep things moving smoothly, the Divers may best begin by knowing shoulder, (i.e. the chest) the shoulder The ball and joint is padded with two sacks (bur- the current condition of their shoulders may become more susceptible to socket joint sae) of lubricating fluid (synovial fluid) and working forward at an appropri- injury. Other include, always of the that reduce rubbing between the ate level of rehabilitation, stretching working with lighter resistance than shoulder, muscles and tendons and help pro- and strengthening. Divers should avoid other muscle groups, creating meth- unlike the tect the rotator cuff from other bones exercises that are clearly not suitable ods for stabilizing the shoulders, and hip joint, (like those of the acromion joint). for their current shoulder status. If an allowing more time in training regimes gray’s anatomy / wikimedia commons

67 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Shoulder press with dumbbells, fitness in seated position (left), and with alternating arms (below) Shoulders Diver releas- es during a dive in the Adriatic Sea

for shoulder muscles and connective tis- is little muscle development sue to adapt. of the shoulder the outlines of Allow the shoulder to improve in the bones of the shoulder joint response to training, but never it. can be seen. Notice that in It is also important for divers to consider the start position, the elbows posture and shoulder function. Good are at shoulder height with posture goes beyond sitting up straight. the bottom of the upper arms The shoulder blades (scapula) are best parallel with the ground. Never pulled down and toward the center of drop below this point when the back to aid in good posture and build up preventing both movement and performing overhead shoul- especially during exercise. lubrication of the joint. der exercises. This goes for Arthritis of the shoulder can occur as in machines as well. Many fitness Common injuries many other joints of the body. center machines do not allow Dislocation of the shoulder can occur Shoulder pain may be constant, inter- enough adjustment for a safe when extreme outward pulling and/or mittent, localized or referred to other Shoulder Press with Dumbbells starting point for shoulder exer- rotation pops the cup out of the saucer areas of the body. Injured divers may The seated shoulder press is a primary cises. Inhale at the start of the (head of the humerus out of the glenoid experience aching, swelling and immo- exercise for the shoulders. It directly tar- exercise and when lowering socket). bility. Sleeping, daily activities, exercise gets the deltoid muscle, which has three the . Exhale during the Separation between the collarbone and, of course, diving can be interrupted sections (anterior, medial and posterior). press while lifting the weights. and the shoulder blade usually occurs as for extended periods of time because of These muscle sections can be seen in the Contract the abdominals for file photo: peter symes a result of bracing with an outstretched shoulder conditions. vertical lines or definition of well devel- hand during a fall or a hard impact to Physicians often prescribe medications oped shoulders. In contrast, when there torso stabilization. This exercise may be the shoulder. Ligaments of the shoulder to treat inflammation and pain, but these performed with both arms at the same may be torn partially or completely. treatments should be considered short- time or by alternating the press left and A rotator cuff tear may be caused by term options as they introduce additional right. The idle arm gets great static con- impact or a fall on an outstretched arm potential complications and side effects. traction while waiting to press again. and/or the result of wear and tear, lifting Whenever possible, divers are encour- strain, repetitive use and aging. aged to pro-actively seek treatment, Front Shoulder Raise – Standing Broken bones can occur in the shoul- physical therapy and, as a last option if The front shoulder raise does exactly as der as a result of injury. necessary, surgery, to resolve shoulder described and along with working the Impingement is a compressing of the injuries as quickly as possible so they can entire deltoid targets the front (anterior) rotator cuff usually caused by a combi- return to normal living. Extended peri- deltoid. Even more emphasis can be nation of factors from mild injury, wear ods of shoulder disuse or compromised placed toward the front of the shoulder and tear, and aging, to tendonitis where shoulder function can have long-lasting by rotating the arm to a “thumbs up” the tendons of the rotator cuff and impacts to the overall health of . position. Inhale at the starting positon sometimes biceps become inflamed, and exhale while raising the weights. and bursitis when the bursa sacs become Exercises for healthy shoulders Inhale while lowering the weights and inflamed and swollen. Divers will get the best results by avoiding repeat. Frozen shoulder is when, usually overuse of the shoulders, training muscles because of pain, a diver doesn’t move in a balanced fashion for strength and Front shoulder raise the shoulder for extended periods of time flexibility, and performing all exercises in the standing allowing adhesions (type of scar tissue) to with safe and proper form. position—starting position (far left) and ending position (left)

68 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO Shoulder 90s or Cheerleaders fitness starting position (far left) and raised position with alternating Shoulders arms and with both arms (left)

While divers can develop great Contract the abdominals, keep the strength in the shoulders that allow for knees soft, not locked, and both feet handling significant resistance, when placed flat on the ground when perform- training the shoulders for diving it is pru- ing shoulder exercises. dent to use moderate weight and work at higher repetitions. Gretchen M. Ashton is registered with the The exercises shown here are National Board of Fitness Examiners. An sequenced with purpose and best results advanced diver, International Sports Sci- are accomplished if they are performed ences Association Elite Trainer, and world in this order. champion athlete, Ashton developed the ScubaFit® program and the compre- hensive FitDiv- er® program, which includes the first mobile cles of the back and shoulder. To begin, app for scuba position the arms in front of the body as diver fitness. if hugging a tree. Raise the arms until the Divers with certain back conditions, in Ashton is the elbows are in line with the shoulders. Do particular bulging discs, should avoid co-author not force the elbows beyond the range pressing weights overhead or any exer- of the PADI of motion of the shoulder. The torso will cises that compress the spine. ScubaFit Diver begin to lift and neck strain can occur When performing side and front shoul- Distinctive Spe- when trying to perform this exercise too der raise exercises, it is usually best to cialty course. high. It may help to imagine a lobster stand. There is some additional isolation For more infor- claw opening and closing or that there is that can occur from being seated, but it mation, visit: a hinge on the center of the back. Inhale comes with added risk of injury. Scubafit.com to start and while lowering the weights. Shoulder 90’s or Cheerleaders Exhale while raising the weights. In lieu of a true side lateral raise with both arms at the same time, combining a Tips and Precautions front raise with a side lateral raise greatly When performing overhead shoulder reduces the stresses on the shoulder joint exercises, beginners should always sit in a that occur with the traditional side lateral chair or bench with support for the back. raise. It is important to work both sides equally. Divers have the option of per- forming all repetitions on the same side or alternating from side-to-side. Inhale to begin and while lowering the weights. Exhale while raising the weights.

Shoulder Rear Deltoid Fly The rear deltoid shoulder fly requires good and control to ensure it is performed correctly and safe- Shoulder Rear Deltoid Fly in seated ly. The photographs demonstrate three position—starting position (left) and positions for performing the rear deltoid raised position (above); in standing fly, which targets the posterior section of position—starting position (right) and the deltoid and recruits other small mus- raised position (far right); and in lying down position (upper right)

69 X-RAY MAG : 55 : 2013 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS WRECKS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY TECH EDUCATION PROFILES PHOTO & VIDEO PORTFOLIO