Serie.s II, no. 13. Questions and Answers to(ccLen

QUE5TIONS AND AN5WER3

Please give credit to the informational service of The Federal Writers' and Historical Records Survey Projects of the WORKS PROGRESS ADNINISTRATION OF OREGON 409 Elks Building Portland, Oregon The items in this bulletin, selectedfrom the material compiled by the Federal Writers' Projectand the Historical Recbrds Survey of the Works Proress Adrdnistration, arerepresentative of the significant collections beinG madeby these nation-wide proGrams.

The Historical Records Survey is inventoryingall sources of early Oregon history, includingcounty and state records; town and church archives; historic cemeteries;old manuscripts and imprints; old printing presses; monuments and relics;private diaries, letters and memoirs; historic buildings; andIndian records and lore.

The chief undertaking of the FederalWriters' Project has been the American Guide Series of books, State guide books have been published for Idaho, Maine,Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Dela- ware, Mississippi, RhodeIsland, South Dakota, North Dakota and Ver- completed and will be mont. The manuscript for theOregon Guide is ready for release this spring. The Oregon Guide, the first authentic tourist guide of the state, is fully illustratedand will contain several chapters dealing with history,government, industry and com- merce, labor, transportation,agriculture and education. Half the Guide will be devoted to tours of major Oregonhighways, with points o intereat logged mile by mile.

The Oregon Federal Writers' Project has writtenand distrib- uted the following books:

Flax in Oregon Builders of Timberline Lodge Fire Prevention in Portland History of Portland Fire Alarm System

The Oregon Historical Records Survey has written and dis- tributed the following publications:

The Inventory of the Archives of Morrow County Diary of Basil Longworth, Oregon Pioneer Transportation Items from the Weekly Oregonian Married Women's Separate Property Rights Letter from Luckiamute Valley, 1846 Daily Sales of an Auburn Store, 1868 Abstract of a Pioneer Road, l86-l9ll From Corvallis to Crescent City, 1874 County Histories, University of Oregon, The Commonwealth Review - QUESTIONS AD ANSVIERS

At what point in the state can nine (Bibliograo-iy:Oregon Blue Book) vr peaks be seen? At Cow Canyon Junction on U.S. High- Q. What states could be placedwithin y 97 in Wasco county. The snow peaks Oregon's area and not becrowded? jch can be seen from that pointare: A. New York, Vermont, Delawareand Mary Adams, 12,326 feet elevation; Mt. land could be set dovmwithin the bound- od, 11,253; Mt. Washington, 7,802; Mt. aries of Oregon and there would fferson, 10,495; Broken Top, 9,152; still be room enough left for two states thesize ee Fingered Jack, 7,848; and the Three of Rhode Is1and ters. The altitudes of the "St" (Bibliography: World Almanac, 1938) North Sister, 10,094; Middle,10,058; South, l0,354 Q. Where is the "Ten OtCiock Churchtt? ibliography: Oregon Guide Copy, Federal A. St. Peters Congregational Church Iters' Project; Oregon Highway Maps) of Beaveroreek, in Clackamas county, is call- ed the "Ten OClock Church",When it was Who discovered the Oregon Caves? built in 1883, a clock dial with While on a hunting trip in the hands August, indicating ten o'clockwas painted on the 74,Elijah Davidson followeda wounded steeple. r until it disappeared into a hole (Bibliography: Oregon HistoricalQuarterly, vldson gathered materialand made a March, 1938) rch,entered the hole, killed thebear, in doing so discoveredthe caves In Q. Where are Paris, London, Rome,Norway, Frank M. Nickerson, ofKerby, made and Derunark? first extensive exploration. The Ore-A. Paris and London are towns in Lane Caves and thesurrounding 480 acres county. xe Rome is in Malheur county, Norway established as a nationalmonument can be found in Crook county, and Denmark residentja1 proo1atjonin 1909. in Curry county, Cf1934 the area has been Thider the (Bibliography: Oregon Road Maps) f8djct1 of the Department ofInterior the National Park Service. It is ad- Q. What was the salary of the early Isteredas an integral part of Crater governors? National Park. A, The annual salary of Oregon'sgover- liography: Oregon Blue Book) nors was $1500 until the legislature of 1905 increased it to 50O0 What name, was once proposed for the (Bibliography: Oregon Blue Book) cade Mountains? ThePresidents Range, with each peak Q. What outstanding service given the name of was performed one of the presi- by the Oregon troops during the ofthe United States. Spanish- lOgraphy: American War? Oregonian, June 30, 1927) A, They were first to enter the walled city of Manila; took partin42 battles, What isthe origin of thename and while in almost constant action,made ?he a marching record of 538 miles in three Multnomah Indianspossessed the months1 &mette Valleyfrom the Falls to the ?a (Bibliography: Oregonian, September2, mouth, and this portionof the 1927) W&Soriginally named for them. d Clark's Journals mention "Mult Q. When was Hudson's Bay Company founded? and variations ofthe word. Br, A. hj On May 2, 1670, King Charles II of journals of Lewis and Clark England, issued a charter to the Hudson's 692)says the word is a perversion 8 Bay Company, whichmore than a century Chir00 word "mematlinonag" meaninglater made history in early riverit Oregon, The iograpy: official name of th3 Hudson'sBay Company Scott's History of Oregon, was "The Governor and Company of Adven- P. 16, note 3) turers of England Trading into Hudson's t We the Valentine received by (Biblio'aohy: Carey, Volume I; Oreonian, Pioneers in l85? Aucust,l27) gave Oregon her statehood. -2- Then were fishing and boating popularone years to obtain for woLen the vot- ts on Portland's downtown streets? ing franchise,She realized her ambition During the flood of June, 1894, Port-on November 30, 1912, when Governor West j's streets were inundated as far westsigned the proclamation giving women equal Third Street,According to the "Diaryvoting rights with men in Oregon. a 1an About Town" published in the (Bibliography: Oregonian,December 14, 1912) gonian, "the business portion of the rwas almost covered by backwater fromQ.What act of Congress promoted many Columbia I was reprimanded by pioneer marriages? icers of the police for iraking my way The Donation Land Claim Law passed in ona1ly across Third Street in dense September, 1850, granted to every married ter) traffic Later, I did fishcouple the right to take up 640 acres of the second story of the Crystal Pal-land,A single person could take up only saloon on First Street, but caught 320 acres, y chubs and carp which were not fit to(Bibliography: Oregonian, August 5, 1927) U, bliography: Diary of a Man About Town,Q,Where was the first Federal building egonian, December 12, 1927) on the Pacific Coast? A,During the surmier of 1849 a small frez :What did "truck and turnover" and structure, 20 by 22 feet, was builtin ?te your plunder" mean In pioneer slang?Astoria for a United States customs house1 T1Truck and turnover" 'wasa phrase used(Bibliography: Oregonian, June 10, 1927) indicate that a person was working for room and board,"Tote your plunder" Q,How was the state bird selected? t carrying your baggage and other A,The Audubon Society in May, 1927, con- ngings. ducted a poll among school children to liography: Henry E, Reed, Oregonian, select a state bird, Voting narrowed down st 20, 1927) to six favorites,These were the 'Testern meadowlark, bluebird, snowbird, song spar- Rhat governor also servedas governorrow, varied thrush or robin, and white Dtah? crowned sparrow, with the first two named George L. Woods,governor of Oregon being in the lead,When the final votes 1866 to 1870, was appointedgovernorwere tabulated it was found that the elec- ah by President Grant tion was a "landslide" for the rieadowlark. liography; Roseburg Review, March11,(Bibliography: Oregon Journal, May 4, 5, 11, 17, and June 1, 1927)

was the "New Deal" first broughtQ.What was the "bone express"? tieattention of the residents of this A,The ox-team ininigrants on tho Oregon Trail wrote messages on the whitening CU Feb. 27,1875, politics will breakbones of the perished cattle found along In Eugene and thesurrounding coun-the way for those who followed to read. Generai E. L. Applegate will expound(Bibliography: Oregonian, July 30, 1927) theoryof a 'new deal',He has for lastthree years been talking of this Q.What noted Oregonian received the first dOCtrin5of his, and at last it is to A, degree ever granted in the state? 8 pUb1j,"Thus reads an excerpt A,Harvey W. Scott was graduated from IL newspaper item, Pacific Universityin1863the first 1ography:Eugene City Guard, Februarygraduate from an Oregon institution of higher education, and the only one of his class,When the Library Association was t co1j have been named for organizedinPortlandin1564, Harvey VT. tent5of the United States? Scott was the first lihrarian,Later he Grant,Jackson, Jefferson, Lincoln, was editor of tho Oregonian, a position he fld Washingtoncounties, held for forty years.He was one of nine graphyOregon Blue Book) selected for the editors hull of fame in the University of Illinois. S the pioneer leader forwoman (Bibliograrhy: Oregon Historical Quarterly ge on thePacific Coast? March, 1939; cre.4onian, Sptcrcbor 3, 1927, Scott Duniway worked for forty-and L'ovcmbcr 22, 1927) 3Q78 03 -3- at was one of the most unusual pub.. A. According to Burnett the pioneers utilities ever granted a franchise in"were all honest because there was nothing to steal, sober because there was nothing The board of trustees of "Dailss Cityto drink, no misers because there was 1862 granted James S. Reynolds permis- nothing to hoard, industrious because it VAj to build and operate a toll boardwalkwas either work or starve," Union Street to the Columbia River. (Bibliograohy: Peter H, Burnett, Recollec- destrianS paid a toll of ten cents for tion of An Old Pioneer) privilege of using the walk. The h of the mud on the lowlands made the Q. Who built the first steam sawmill in ure successful. Oregon? bliography: Scrapbook of Clippings, A, Cyrus Reed and Stephen Coffin built the sjaper Itens, Volume 5, Fort Dalles first steam sawmill in the state in 1850, torical Society) The plant was located at the foot of Jef- ferson Street in Portland, 1here is there a migrating post off ice(Bibliography: Oregonian, Sept. 28,1927) The Clarno post office is generally ated not far from Clarno Bridge on the Q. What was the shortest prayer ever Day River. Sometimes the office is offered before an Oregon Legislature? Wasco county and sometimes in Wheeler,A. Joab Powell, a pioneer preacher, once ónding upon who is postmaster. served as chaplain of the territorial bliography: Oregon Historical Quarterlylegislature, His prayor at the opening of enber, 1925) the session was: "Lord, forgive them, for they know not what they do." lThy was there once opposition to a tax(Bibliography: Oregon Journal, Dec.5, 1937) the construction of a school housein land? Q. Where is the world's largest shortcake Benjamin Stark, for whom Stark Streetmade? flamed, led the opposition against A. In Lebanon a strawberry festival is ding a school house in 1856. The hold annually featuring an immense straw- 85.ngj'action declared that a jail wasberry shortcake, In1934it was 15 by 12 perätive necessity in Portland and feet and weighed4035pounds. It is said the taxpayers could not afford both to have served over ton thousand persons, les, although some of the visitors reported liography: Oregonian, June 10,1927)there was not enough shortcake to give everybody a portion. at does the name Corvallis mean? (Bibliography: Oregonian, June 10,1934) e name was invented by Joseph C. from two Latin words meaning "heart"Q. When did Oregon have two governors in valley" office at the same time? liOgraphy: Lewis MoAr-thur, Oregon A. In 1858, before Congress met and Oregon a.hio Names,p. 88) was not yet a state. Territorial Governor George L. Curry was still in office when Rh0is the "father" of the Oregon State Governor Yfhiteaker was elected and ICSchoo] system? inaugurated on July 8, 1858, but Oregon Orge H. Atkinson was the first to was not admitted to the Union until Feb- te free public schools in the state.ruary, 1859. 49 Atkinsoncalled a public meeting (Bibliography: Carey, Volume II, p. 517) ego City where the question, "Shall a system of free schools?" Q. When did Nebraska form a part of the discussed. The result was a vote in boundary line of Oregon? of public schools, A. When Wasco county was originated in )oraPhY: Oregonian, September 12, 1654 it reached to the crest of the Rocky Mountains on the Nebraska line, It was also bounded by California, Utah, and did Peter H, Burnett, a leading nevada, e ofthe immigration of 1848, say of(Bibliography: World Almanac, 1938) orieers?