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Water Beetles
Ireland Red List No. 1 Water beetles Ireland Red List No. 1: Water beetles G.N. Foster1, B.H. Nelson2 & Á. O Connor3 1 3 Eglinton Terrace, Ayr KA7 1JJ 2 Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Northern Ireland 3 National Parks & Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage & Local Government Citation: Foster, G. N., Nelson, B. H. & O Connor, Á. (2009) Ireland Red List No. 1 – Water beetles. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland. Cover images from top: Dryops similaris (© Roy Anderson); Gyrinus urinator, Hygrotus decoratus, Berosus signaticollis & Platambus maculatus (all © Jonty Denton) Ireland Red List Series Editors: N. Kingston & F. Marnell © National Parks and Wildlife Service 2009 ISSN 2009‐2016 Red list of Irish Water beetles 2009 ____________________________ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 3 NOMENCLATURE AND THE IRISH CHECKLIST................................................................................................ 3 COVERAGE ....................................................................................................................................................... -
Excretion of Zooplankton and Benthos
PART IV: ASSIMILAT ION EFF ICI ENCY, EGESTION, AND EXCRETION OF ZOOPLANKTON AND BENTHOS I ntroduction 203 . Assimilat ion (A) i s t he f ood absorbed f rom a n i ndividual 's digestive syst em. Assimilation efficiency (A/G) is the proportion o f co ns umption (G) actuall y ab sorbed (Sushchenya 1969 , Odum 19 71, Wetzel 1975 ) . Although the t e rm A/G i s usua lly used in reference t o i ndividual o r ga ni sms , it also can be app lied to popu lations. Ege stion i s food that is not ass imi lated by the gu t a nd whi ch is elimina ted as feces (Pe nna k 1964 ). By co n t r ast , excretion is a waste product formed from assimilated f ood a nd gener a l ly i s e l imi nated in a d i s s o l ved form. 204 . Energy f low refe r s t o the assimilat ion of a population and i s de signated a s t he s um of produ cti on (P) and r espiration (R) , i .e ., A = P + R (Sus hchenya 1969 ; Odum 1971) . The e fficiency o f energy flow in a popul ation, p ~ R , may be approx ima tely e qua l t o the a ssimi l a tion efficiency of an i nd i vidua l in t hat population (Sushchenya 1969) . However , since A/G o f t en de pends on age (Sch indler 1968, Waldbaue r 1968 , Winberg et al . -
Meiobenthos of the Discovery Bay Lagoon, Jamaica, with an Emphasis on Nematodes
Meiobenthos of the discovery Bay Lagoon, Jamaica, with an emphasis on nematodes. Edwards, Cassian The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author For additional information about this publication click this link. https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/522 Information about this research object was correct at the time of download; we occasionally make corrections to records, please therefore check the published record when citing. For more information contact [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF LONDON SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES Meiobenthos of The Discovery Bay Lagoon, Jamaica, with an emphasis on nematodes. Cassian Edwards A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2009 1 ABSTRACT Sediment granulometry, microphytobenthos and meiobenthos were investigated at five habitats (white and grey sands, backreef border, shallow and deep thalassinid ghost shrimp mounds) within the western lagoon at Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Habitats were ordinated into discrete stations based on sediment granulometry. Microphytobenthic chlorophyll-a ranged between 9.5- and 151.7 mg m -2 and was consistently highest at the grey sand habitat over three sampling occasions, but did not differ between the remaining habitats. It is suggested that the high microphytobenthic biomass in grey sands was related to upwelling of nutrient rich water from the nearby main bay, and the release and excretion of nutrients from sediments and burrowing heart urchins, respectively. Meiofauna abundance ranged from 284- to 5344 individuals 10 cm -2 and showed spatial differences depending on taxon. -
Islands in the Stream 2002: Exploring Underwater Oases
Islands in the Stream 2002: Exploring Underwater Oases NOAA: Office of Ocean Exploration Mission Three: SUMMARY Discovery of New Resources with Pharmaceutical Potential (Pharmaceutical Discovery) Exploration of Vision and Bioluminescence in Deep-sea Benthos (Vision and Bioluminescence) Microscopic view of a Pachastrellidae sponge (front) and an example of benthic bioluminescence (back). August 16 - August 31, 2002 Shirley Pomponi, Co-Chief Scientist Tammy Frank, Co-Chief Scientist John Reed, Co-Chief Scientist Edie Widder, Co-Chief Scientist Pharmaceutical Discovery Vision and Bioluminescence Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution ABSTRACT Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (HBOI) scientists continued their cutting-edge exploration searching for untapped sources of new drugs, examining the visual physiology of deep-sea benthos and characterizing the habitat in the South Atlantic Bight aboard the R/V Seaward Johnson from August 16-31, 2002. Over a half-dozen new species of sponges were recorded, which may provide scientists with information leading to the development of compounds used to study, treat, or diagnose human diseases. In addition, wondrous examples of bioluminescence and emission spectra were recorded, providing scientists with more data to help them understand how benthic organisms visualize their environment. New and creative Table of Contents ways to outreach and educate the public also Key Findings and Outcomes................................2 Rationale and Objectives ....................................4 -
Deep-Sea Life Issue 8, November 2016 Cruise News Going Deep: Deepwater Exploration of the Marianas by the Okeanos Explorer
Deep-Sea Life Issue 8, November 2016 Welcome to the eighth edition of Deep-Sea Life: an informal publication about current affairs in the world of deep-sea biology. Once again we have a wealth of contributions from our fellow colleagues to enjoy concerning their current projects, news, meetings, cruises, new publications and so on. The cruise news section is particularly well-endowed this issue which is wonderful to see, with voyages of exploration from four of our five oceans from the Arctic, spanning north east, west, mid and south Atlantic, the north-west Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. Just imagine when all those data are in OBIS via the new deep-sea node…! (see page 24 for more information on this). The photo of the issue makes me smile. Angelika Brandt from the University of Hamburg, has been at sea once more with her happy-looking team! And no wonder they look so pleased with themselves; they have collected a wonderful array of life from one of the very deepest areas of our ocean in order to figure out more about the distribution of these abyssal organisms, and the factors that may limit their distribution within this region. Read more about the mission and their goals on page 5. I always appreciate feedback regarding any aspect of the publication, so that it may be improved as we go forward. Please circulate to your colleagues and students who may have an interest in life in the deep, and have them contact me if they wish to be placed on the mailing list for this publication. -
Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun
OCEANOGRAPHY – Vol.II - Biological Oceanography - Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Legendre, Louis and Rassoulzadegan, Fereidoun Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, France. Keywords: Algae, allochthonous nutrient, aphotic zone, autochthonous nutrient, Auxotrophs, bacteria, bacterioplankton, benthos, carbon dioxide, carnivory, chelator, chemoautotrophs, ciliates, coastal eutrophication, coccolithophores, convection, crustaceans, cyanobacteria, detritus, diatoms, dinoflagellates, disphotic zone, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic matter (DOM), ecosystem, eukaryotes, euphotic zone, eutrophic, excretion, exoenzymes, exudation, fecal pellet, femtoplankton, fish, fish lavae, flagellates, food web, foraminifers, fungi, harmful algal blooms (HABs), herbivorous food web, herbivory, heterotrophs, holoplankton, ichthyoplankton, irradiance, labile, large planktonic microphages, lysis, macroplankton, marine snow, megaplankton, meroplankton, mesoplankton, metazoan, metazooplankton, microbial food web, microbial loop, microheterotrophs, microplankton, mixotrophs, mollusks, multivorous food web, mutualism, mycoplankton, nanoplankton, nekton, net community production (NCP), neuston, new production, nutrient limitation, nutrient (macro-, micro-, inorganic, organic), oligotrophic, omnivory, osmotrophs, particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic matter (POM), pelagic, phagocytosis, phagotrophs, photoautotorphs, photosynthesis, phytoplankton, phytoplankton bloom, picoplankton, plankton, -
Benthic Invertebrate Bycatch from a Deep-Water Trawl Fishery, Chatham Rise, New Zealand
AQUATIC CONSERVATION: MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS, VOL. 7, 27±40 (1997) CASE STUDIES AND REVIEWS Benthic invertebrate bycatch from a deep-water trawl fishery, Chatham Rise, New Zealand P. KEITH PROBERT1, DON G. MCKNIGHT2 and SIMON L. GROVE1 1Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand 2National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, PO Box 14-901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand ABSTRACT 1. Benthic invertebrate bycatch was collected during trawling for orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) at water depths of 662±1524 m on the northern and eastern Chatham Rise, New Zealand, in July 1994. Seventy-three trawl tows were examined, 49 from `flat' areas and 24 from two groups of `hills' (small seamounts). Benthos was recorded from 82% of all tows. 2. Some 96 benthic species were recorded including Ophiuroidea (12 spp.), Natantia (11 spp.), Asteroidea (11 spp.), Gorgonacea (11 spp.), Holothuroidea (7 spp.), and Porifera (6 spp.). 3. Cluster analysis showed the bycatch from flats and hills to differ significantly. Dominant taxa from flats were Holothuroidea, Asteroidea and Natantia; whereas taxa most commonly recorded from hills were Gorgonacea and Scleractinia. Bycatch from the two geographically separate groups of hills also differed significantly. 4. The largest bycatch volumes comprised corals from hills: Scleractinia (Goniocorella dumosa), Stylasteridae (Errina chathamensis) and Antipatharia (?Bathyplates platycaulus). Such large sessile epifauna may significantly increase the complexity of benthic habitat and trawling damage may thereby depress local biodiversity. Coral patches may require 4100 yr to recover. 5. Other environmental effects of deep-water trawling are briefly reviewed. 6. There is an urgent need to assess more fully the impact of trawling on seamount biotas and, in consequence, possible conservation measures. -
Abundance of Gelatinous Carnivores in the Nekton Community of the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone in Summer 1994
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 141: 139-147, 1996 Published October 3 ' Mar Ecol Prog Ser I Abundance of gelatinous carnivores in the nekton community of the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone in summer 1994 'Alfred-Wegener-Institut fiir Polar- und Meeresforschung. ColumbusstraBe, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany 'British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road. Cambridge CB3 OET, United Kingdom ABSTRACT The species composition, abundance, vertical distribution, biovolume and carbon content of gelatinous nekton in the Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone are described from a series of RMT25 hauls collected from a series of 200 m depth layers between 0 and 1000 m. In total. 13 species of medusa, 6 species of siphonophore, 3 species of ctenophore and 1 species of salp and nemertean were ~dentified. On average gelatinous organisms contributed 69 3% to the biovolume and 30.3% to the carbon content of the samples, although the ranges were high (0 to 98.9":) and 0 to 62 G"/;,respectively). The most important contributor to the biovolume and carbon content was the scyphomedusan Pel-iphylla peri- phylla. Some specific assoc~ationsand restricted vertlcal d~stl-ibut~ons\vcrc related to trophic interac- tions among ostracods, amphipods and cnidarians. Observations made near South Georgla showed that medusae ancl ctenophores were preyed upon by albatrosses and notothen~oidflsh respectively. The results support the premise that gelatinous organisms are a major and, at tlmes, are the main compo- nent of the oceanic macroplankton/nekton community 111 the Southern Ocean KEY WORDS: Gelatinous nekton Southern Ocean Wet biomass Carbon content. Assemblages INTRODUCTION suspension feeding pelagic tunicates (salps), become dominant (Huntley et al. -
Censusing Non-Fish Nekton
WORKSHOP SYNOPSIS Censusing Non-Fish Nekton Carohln Levi, Gregory Stone and Jerry R. Schubel New England Aquarium ° Boston, Massachusetts USA his is a brief summary of a "Non-Fish SUMMARIES OF WORKING GROUPS Nekton" workshop held on 10-11 December 1997 at the New England Aquarium. The overall goals Cephalopods were: (1) to assess the feasibility of conducting a census New higher-level taxa are yet to be discovered, of life in the sea, (2) to identify the strategies and especially among coleoid cephalopods, which are components of such a census, (3) to assess whether a undergoing rapid evolutionary radiation. There are periodic census would generate scientifically worth- great gaps in natural history and ecosystem function- while results, and (4) to determine the level of interest ing, with even major commercial species largely of the scientific community in participating in the unknown. This is particularly, complex, since these design and conduct of a census of life in the sea. short-lived, rapidly growing animals move up through This workshop focused on "non-fish nekton," which trophic levels in a single season. were defined to include: marine mammals, marine reptiles, cephalopods and "other invertebrates." During . Early consolidation of existing cephalopod data is the course of the workshop, it was suggested that a needed, including the vast literatures in Japanese more appropriate phase for "other invertebrates" is and Russian. Access to and evaluation of historical invertebrate micronekton. Throughout the report we survey, catch, biological and video image data sets have used the latter terminology. and collections is needed. An Internet-based reposi- Birds were omitted only because of lack of time. -
Bioluminescence and Fluorescence of Three Sea Pens in the North-West
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.08.416396; this version posted December 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Bioluminescence and fluorescence of three sea pens in the north-west Mediterranean sea Warren R Francis* 1, Ana¨ısSire de Vilar 1 1: Dept of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Bioluminescence of Mediterranean sea pens has been known for a long time, but basic parameters such as the emission spectra are unknown. Here we examined bioluminescence in three species of Pennatulacea, Pennatula rubra, Pteroeides griseum, and Veretillum cynomorium. Following dark adaptation, all three species could easily be stimulated to produce green light. All species were also fluorescent, with bioluminescence being produced at the same sites as the fluorescence. The shape of the fluorescence spectra indicates the presence of a GFP closely associated with light production, as seen in Renilla. Our videos show that light proceeds as waves along the colony from the point of stimulation for all three species, as observed in many other octocorals. Features of their bioluminescence are strongly suggestive of a \burglar alarm" function. Introduction Bioluminescence is the production of light by living organisms, and is extremely common in the marine environment [Haddock et al., 2010, Martini et al., 2019]. Within the phylum Cnidaria, biolumiescence is widely observed among the Medusazoa (true jellyfish and kin), but also among the Octocorallia, and especially the Pennatulacea (sea pens). -
Environmental Impact Report
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT SUPPLEMENT TO THE REPORT ON THE ENVIROMENTAL IMPACT OF THE “CONSTRUCTION OF THE KARCINO-SARBIA WIND FARM (17 WIND TURBINES)” OF 2003 Name of the undertaking: KARCINO-SARBIA Wind Farm (under construction) Contractor: AOS Agencja Ochrony Środowiska Sp. z o.o. based in Koszalin Arch. No. 52/OŚ/OOS/06 Koszalin, September 2006 Team: Bogdan Gutkowski, M.Sc.Eng.– Expert for Environmental Impact Assessment Appointed by the Governor of the West Pomerania Province Marek Ziółkowski, M.Sc. Eng. – Environmental Protection Expert of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry; Environmental Protection Consultant Dagmara Czajkowska, M.Sc. Eng. – Specialist for Environmental Impact Assessment, Specialist for Environmental Protection and Management Ewa Reszka, M.Sc. – Specialist for the Protection of Water and Land and Protection against Impact of Waste Damian Kołek, M.Sc.Eng. – Environmental Protection Specialist 2 CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 5 II. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PROJECT ..................................................... 9 1. Location and adjacent facilities....................................................................................................... 9 2. Modifications to the project .......................................................................................................... 10 3. Technical description of the project .............................................................................................. -
Goliath Frogs Build Nests for Spawning – the Reason for Their Gigantism? Marvin Schäfera, Sedrick Junior Tsekanéb, F
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY 2019, VOL. 53, NOS. 21–22, 1263–1276 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1642528 Goliath frogs build nests for spawning – the reason for their gigantism? Marvin Schäfera, Sedrick Junior Tsekanéb, F. Arnaud M. Tchassemb, Sanja Drakulića,b,c, Marina Kamenib, Nono L. Gonwouob and Mark-Oliver Rödel a,b,c aMuseum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany; bFaculty of Science, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; cFrogs & Friends, Berlin, Germany ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY In contrast to its popularity, astonishingly few facts have become Received 16 April 2019 known about the biology of the Goliath Frog, Conraua goliath.We Accepted 7 July 2019 herein report the so far unknown construction of nests as spawning KEYWORDS sites by this species. On the Mpoula River, Littoral District, West Amphibia; Anura; Cameroon; Cameroon we identified 19 nests along a 400 m section. Nests Conraua goliath; Conrauidae; could be classified into three types. Type 1 constitutes rock pools parental care that were cleared by the frogs from detritus and leaf-litter; type 2 constitutes existing washouts at the riverbanks that were cleared from leaf-litter and/or expanded, and type 3 were depressions dug by the frogs into gravel riverbanks. The cleaning and digging activ- ities of the frogs included removal of small to larger items, ranging from sand and leaves to larger stones. In all nest types eggs and tadpoles of C. goliath were detected. All nest types were used for egg deposition several times, and could comprise up to three distinct cohorts of tadpoles.