Initial Environmental Examination

Document Stage: Draft Project Number: 53067-004 January 2021

IND: Inclusive, Resilient and Sustainable Housing for Urban Poor Sector Project in (IRSHUPSP) – Subproject

Prepared by the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board for the Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 June 2020) Currency Unit – Indian rupees (₹) ₹1.00 – $0.015 $1.00 = ₹72.18

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB – Asian Development Bank ASI – Archaeological Survey of CPCB – Central Pollution Control Board CtE – Consent to Establish CtO – Consent to Operate EA – Executing Agency EAC – Expert Appraisal Committee EARF – Environmental Assessment and Review Framework EC – Environmental Clearance EHS – Environmental Health and Safety EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan ESS – Environmental and Social Safeguards GoI – Government of India GoTN – Government of Tamil Nadu GHG – Greenhouse Gases GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IA – Implementing Agency IEE – Initial Environmental Examination MOEFCC – Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change NOC – No Objection Certificate PMU – Project Management Unit PCR – Physical Cultural Resources PID – Project Implementation Division PPE – Personal Protective Equipment REA – Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW – right-of-way RF – Resettlement Framework SEIAA – State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement STP – Sewage Treatment Plant TNPCB – Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board TNSCB – Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board WHO – World Health Organization

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES C – degree celsius km – kilometer LPCD – litrers per capita per day m – meter Mgd – Million gallons per day MLD – million litrers per day mm – millimeter Nos – numbers km2 – square kilometer m2 – square meter dBA – A-weighted decibels LAeq – equivalent continuous sound pressure level μg/m3 – micrograms per cubic meter KLD – kiloliters per day

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. CONTENTS Pages

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... i I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 A. Background...... 1 B. Subproject Scope and Location ...... 2 C. Purpose/ Objectives of IEE ...... 7 D. Report Structure ...... 8 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 9 A. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) ...... 9 B. National and State Environmental Regulations ...... 10 C. Applicable International Standards and Best Practices ...... 17 D. International Treaties/Conventions/Declarations on Environment Management .... 21 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT ...... 24 A. Subproject Overview ...... 24 B. Proposed Subproject Interventions at the Resettlement Site ...... 26 C. Proposed Subproject Interventions at the Encroachment Sites Identified for Relocation 41 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA) ...... 45 A. Area of impact ...... 45 B. Methodology used for Environment Baseline Study ...... 45 C. Physical Environment ...... 45 D. Biological Environment ...... 55 E. Socio-economic Environment ...... 58 V. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 62 VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 68 A. Assessment of Environmental Impacts ...... 69 B. Pre-construction Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 69 C. Construction Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 72 D. Post-Construction Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 78 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 80 A. Consultation and Participation ...... 80 B. Public Consultation ...... 80 C. Information Disclosure and Future Consultations ...... 83 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM...... 83 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 87 A. Environmental Management Plan ...... 87 B. Implementation Arrangements ...... 144 C. Monitoring and Reporting ...... 151 D. EMP Implementation Cost ...... 152 X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 155

LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Details of Subproject Scope ...... i Table 2. Slums Identified for Relocation ...... 2 Table 3. Environmental Guidelines for Subproject Selection under Output 1 ...... 3 Table 4. Environmental Regulatory Compliance ...... 11 Table 5: Clearances and Permissions Required by the PMU for Project Construction ..... 14 Table 6. Clearances and Permissions Required by the Contractor for Project Construction 16 Table 7: National Ambient Air Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines ...... 18 Table 8: National Noise Standards and WHO Guidelines ...... 20 Table 9: National Drinking Water Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines ...... 20 Table 10: International Treaties/ Conventions/ Declarations on Environment ...... 22 Table 11. Salient Features of the Resettlement Site ...... 26 Table 12. Plinth Area Details of Proposed Residential Units at the Resettlement Site ..... 28 Table 13. Built-up Area Details of the Buildings at the Resettlement Site ...... 28 Table 14. Proposed Land use of the Resettlement Area ...... 33 Table 15. Subproject Interventions at the Resettlement Site ...... 34 Table 16. Power Requirement at the Resettlement Site ...... 34 Table 17: Water Requirement at the Resettlement Site ...... 35 Table 18. Solid Waste Generation at the Resettlement Site ...... 40 Table 19. Existing Condition of the Slum Sites Identified for Relocation ...... 42 Table 20. Climate and Rainfall Information for District (2018) ...... 48 Table 21. Cauvery River Water Quality-(MINARS - January – 2019) ...... 52 Table 22. Groundwater development in ...... 53 Table 23: Ambient Air Quality in Thanjavur ...... 54 Table 24: Ambient Noise Levels in Thanjavur ...... 55 Table 25: Forest Area in Thanjavur District ...... 55 Table 26: Common Flora and Fauna Species in the Forest Area ...... 55 Table 27: Details of Protected Monuments near the Subproject Sites ...... 59 Table 28: DWATS Salient Features ...... 64 Table 29: Alternative Approach in Building Plan ...... 64 Table 30: Outcome of the Analysis of Alternatives ...... 66 Table 31: Meetings/Discussions between various stake holders...... 80 Table 32: Environmental Management Plan for Construction Site - Vallam, Thanjavur District 89 Table 33: Environmental Management Plan for Operation and Maintenance - Vallam, Thanjavur District ...... 112 Table 34: Environmental Management Plan for Building Demolition Works – Big Temple Moat Encroachment Area ...... 115 Table 35: Environmental Management Plan for Regeneration Works - Big Temple Moat Encroachment Area ...... 130 Table 36: Pre-construction and Construction Stage Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 141 Table 37: Operation Stage Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 143 Table 38: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities for Safeguards Implementation ...... 147 Table 39: Outline Capacity Building Program on EMP Implementation ...... 150 Table 40: Indicative EMP Budget ...... 153

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map Showing Relocation and Resettlement site .. Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 2. Map Showing Exiting Public Amenities around the Resettlement Site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3. Map Showing site chosen for Relocation and Resettlement site (Vallam) ... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 4. Photograph of the Resettlement Site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 5. Proposed Master Plan of Vallam Resettlement SiteError! Bookmark not defined. Figure 6: Proposed Sewer Line and STP ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 7: Proposed Storm Water Drain ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 8: Proposed Water Supply Line ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 9: Proposed Green Belt Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 10: STP Process Flow Diagram and SBR Structure – Water Balance for Vallam Resettlement Site ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 11: Rainwater Harvesting Structure ...... 39 Figure 12. Typical Cross Section for Approach Road and Internal Roads Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 13: Construction Schedule Bar Chart...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 14. Map Showing Resettlement area location, ASI Monument and connectivityError! Bookmark not defined. Figure 15. Geomorphology of the Project area ...... 48 Figure 16. Average Annual Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 17. Project Area in Seismic Zones Map ...... 50 Figure 18. Hydrology Map of the Project Area ...... 50 Figure 19. Landuse Pattern (Bhuvan Landuse map and Google earth image) of the Subproject Area ...... 51 Figure 20. Groundwater Prospects for the Project Area ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 21. Location of Vaduvoor and Karaivetti Bird Sanctuaries ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 22. Distance between Brihadeshwara Temple and the Big Temple Moat ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 23: Grievance Redress Process ...... Error! Bookmark not defined.

APPENDICES 1 : Land Alienation Certificate 2 : Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist 3 : Environmental Clearance from SEIAA 4 : Salient Features of Major Labor Laws Applicable to Establishments Engaged in Construction of Civil Works 5 : Confirmation on the Encroachments Located in the Water Bodies 6 : Confirmation letter from the Tamilnadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO) 7 : Certificate Indicating the Vallam Resettlement Site is not Vulnerable for Flooding 8 : Acceptance letter for collection of Municipal Solid Waste 9 : Acceptance letter for Collection of Dry Sludge and Treated Sewage Water 10 : Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) acceptance/ acknowledge for the supply of water to Vallam resettlement site 11 : Land Use Certificate 12 : Submission of Compliance Matrix for the EC conditions 13 : Source Sustainability Study for Supply of Water to the Vallam Resettlement Site 14 : Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) 15 : Health and Safety Plan/ Response and Measures for COVID 19 16 : Sample Grievance Form 17 : Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report 18 : Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Template 19 : Outline of Daily Monitoring Sheet for Contractors 20 : Minutes of the meeting for the ASI Meeting

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project Background. Tamil Nadu is one of the largest states in India with an acute housing shortage. It has 5.8 million slum residents, most slum residents come from the EWS and the LIG. Slum areas are prone to disaster, environmental degradation and health risks. In Tamil Nadu, TNSCB has been identified as the entity responsible for implementing Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY-Urban). As per the recent study the actual demand for affordable housing is 1.4 million units. Affordable housing also needs to be made accessible to low-income migrant workers, working women and female-headed low-income households for sustainable urban development. In view of this, the proposed project will promote access to an inclusive, resilient, and sustainable housing and urban development in Tamil Nadu. The project covers 3 proposed components as follows.

 Output 1: Affordable Housing for Vulnerable Communities  Output 2: Affordable Housing for Urban Poor and Migrant Workers  Output 3: Regional Planning

This subproject proposed under Output 1 is for (i) the construction of 969 residential housing units and associated facilities at the resettlement site at Vallam (Ayyanar Koil Phase 2) in Thanjavur district; (ii) demolition of 969 structures located in the encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) identified for relocation to Vallam resettlement site; and (iii) restoration of a water body/ canal. It is estimated that 969 households will be relocated to Vallam resettlement site.

Executing and implementing agencies. The Government of Tamil Nadu through the Housing and Urban Development Department (HUDD) will be the executing agency (EA) and responsible for overall project management and compliance with loan assurances. The Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) will be the Implementing Agency for Output 1. TNSCB will also be responsible for the management, coordination and execution of all subproject activities funded under IRSHUPSP. The TNSCB will set up a Project Management Unit (PMU) that will be responsible for overall supervision and coordination during subproject implementation. The PMU will be supported by Project Implementation Circle located at Salem and three Project Implementation Divisions (PIDs) are located at Madurai, Salem and Villupuram and they will be responsible for day-to-day activity and compliance with safeguards during project implementation. The PMU will be headed by Joint Managing Director/ Project Director and will be assisted by the Chief Engineer and the Superintending Engineer. They will be supported by technical, financial, safeguards and administrative staff. It is proposed to have 3 PIDs under the PMU. An Executive Engineer will head each PID. PIDs will be responsible for the implementation, management and monitoring of the subprojects.

Subproject Scope. The Vallam subproject scope of work includes (i) construction of 969 residential housing units, (ii) demolish 969 housing units identified for relocation across 4 encroachment sites in the Big Temple Moat, (iii) Regeneration of water body/ canal, which were encroached by the people to be relocated. The subproject scope of work is enclosed in Table 1.

Table 1: Details of Subproject Scope Sl.no Subproject Subproject Interventions 1 Construction of 969  Residential Units residential units and  Internal Roads supporting services  Vehicular Parking  Ration Shop  Convenient Shop ii

Sl.no Subproject Subproject Interventions  Milk Booth  Library  Security Office  Motor Room  Anganwadi centre  Community Hall  Health sub centre  Open Space Reserve  Sewage Treatment Plant  Electric Power supply  Water Supply  Solid Waste Management  Rainwater Harvesting  Solar Powered Street Lights 2 Demolishing structures in  Demolition of 969 structures in the 4 encroachment the encroachment sites sites (Big Temple Moat) (prone to flooding)  Providing fencing to prevent further encroachment 3 Water body restoration  Re-greening / re-vegetation of banks / land along water bodies and channels  New plantations with native species  Implementation of site-specific plans in close coordination with ULBs or Public Works Department (PWD) e.g. waste management plan, sewerage collection and management plan, etc.  Repair any structure that has been inadvertently damaged

Project Categorization. The due diligence has confirmed the project Environment Category is “B” requiring an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) including Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in accordance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS, 2009) and requirements of the Environmental Assessment Review Framework for IRSHUPSP – Table 1.3 (Key Exclusion Criteria) and Table 1.4 (Environmental Guidelines for Subproject Selection under Output 1). Based on the project activities, a consolidated IEE and 4 EMPs (i) EMP for construction phase (C-EMP), (ii) EMP for operation phase, (iii) EMP for demolishing works (D- EMP) and (iv) EMP for regeneration works (R-EMP) cover environmental impacts and associated risks in the project area of influence. The IEE and EMPs have been prepared based on the detailed engineering designs and will be updated where necessary to further meet the final detailed engineering designs. This subproject mandates Environmental Clearance (EC) as per the EIA notification 2006 (under category B2 and project schedule 8(a) for Building and Construction Projects and accordingly the Form 1 and Form 1A have been submitted to the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) and the EC for the same is in the progress. Other statutory requirements include (i) addressing the conditions (General and Specific Conditions), as given in the Environmental clearance for Vallam Resettlement Site; (ii) Update of IEE and EMP based on the water source sustainability study report (including water quality) from TWAD; and (iii) Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate under air and water act for the hot mix plant /batching plant, Construction (workers) camps and proposed STP. Other project-related permissions/consents to be obtained by the Contractor are detailed in the IEE report.

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Project Benefits. The key objective of this project is to provide affordable housing for the people who are living in the encroached areas (encroached water bodies), which is prone for seasonal flooding. This project also benefits, the low-income families, female-headed households. Based on the climate risk assessment and heat modelling, the building plan has been developed to withstand the climate change including the high temperature. The proposed infrastructures including provision of toilets, water supply arrangement, electric connection, community hall, play area shall provide an improved standard of living. Description of the Environment. The Vallam subproject site (10°43'29.56"N, 79°4'14.25"E) is located in the Thanjavur District. The elevation of the site ranges between 86 to 88m AMSL. Alluvial soil in the Cauvery delta and Sandy soil in Coastal area are the predominant soil types. The soil type, the climate and rainfall best suit the paddy crop and so the district stands as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu since ancient days. The maximum temperature is 37.0°C in the month of May and minimum is 20.0°C in the month of January. The annual rainfall varying between 500 mm to 1500 mm. The wind direction is predominantly towards North and West in the mornings and South and East in the evenings. The subproject site is in Low Damage Risk Zone II. Grand Anaicut canal (surface water body) is located at a distance of 3 km from the Vallam resettlement site, which is a potential source for water supply. The water quality in Grand Anaicut has been classified under class E, which is suitable for Irrigation, Industrial cooling and potable after water treatment. As per the CGWB groundwater analysis, the groundwater quality of phreatic aquifers in Thanjavur district is, in general, colourless, odourless, and slightly alkaline nature. The ambient air quality in Vallam resettlement shows the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen is well below the ambient air quality standards, however, particular matters (PM10 and PM2.5) are above the standard level, this is due to the dry weather conditions and moving traffic. There are no protected areas, eco sensitive zones or ecologically sensitive areas notified by MoEF&CC within a radius of 10 km from the Vallam resettlement site. Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary is the nearest protected area to the project area, which is located at a distance of 26.4 km from the resettlement site. According to the 2011 Census, the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat has a population of 16,758 of which 7,812 are males while 8,946 are females. There are no cultural or heritage sites near the Vallam resettlement site, however the Brihadeeswarar temple, which is an ASI and UNESCO Heritage site is located at a distance of 575m from Sekkaditheru encroachment site. The subproject site is well connected by the Railways, Highways (National Highways and State Highways).

Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures. The subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented because: (i) the components will involve straightforward construction and operation, so impacts will be mainly site specific and localized; and (ii) there are no significant sensitive environmental features in the subproject sites although careful attention needs to be paid to minimize disruption to the community. Land acquisition related issues are not envisaged in this project, because the proposed resettlement site belongs to TNSCB. The primary areas of impact are (i) sites for proposed project components; (ii) main routes/intersections which will be traversed by construction vehicles; and (iii) quarries and borrow pits as sources of construction materials. The secondary areas of impact are: (i) other than the delineated primary impact area; and (ii) new resettlement site (Vallam) and the 4 encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) in terms of over-all environmental and socioeconomic improvement.

Pre-construction impacts are associated with: (i) shifting of utilities (including water supply, electricity, etc.) in the 4 encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat), which is chosen for relocation. Utility shifting is not envisaged in the resettlement site (Vallam) due to lack of habitation in the surrounding areas. (ii) Site selection for the source of construction materials have to be

iv identified before construction commences with a proposed mitigation measure to procure construction materials from the government authorised / permitted quarries and vendors. This will significantly reduce environmental impacts. (iii) Demolition of 4 encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) that is chosen for resettlement, will generate significant quantity of construction debris, which shall be disposed in the authorised areas or in low-lying areas (as long as it does not impede water flow or cause flooding) as per the direction of the PID. (iv) Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas, should be located 500m away from the nearby settlements. Residential areas will not be considered for setting up construction camps to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air, water and noise pollution, social conflicts and shortage of amenities). (v) Construction traffic will utilise existing roads, which may lead to increase in traffic, however most of the work areas are accessible from the existing roads, potential impacts will be of short duration, localized and can be mitigated.

Construction related impacts are standard and site specific to the construction activities and not expected to be significant. Key impacts during construction are envisaged on the following aspects: (i) transportation of materials, (ii) dust generation, air and noise pollution from construction activities, (iii) sourcing of water for construction activities, (iv) handling of construction materials at site and, (v) adoption of safety measures during construction. There are no water bodies surrounding the resettlement site at Vallam and hence impact due to runoff from the construction site is not envisaged. However, the demolition site (Big Temple Moat encroachments) is surrounding water body/ canal and hence demolishing activity and runoff from the site will have significant impact to the water body. Hence a mitigation measure has been proposed to use silt trap to prevent pollution of water body. The presence of ASI Monuments (the big temple (Brihadeshwara Temple) and the Thanjavur palace) shall have marginal influence on the encroached sites, which has to be clarified in discussion with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and as per their suggestions/ recommendations, the IEE and EMP will have to be updated and adopted during the demolishing and regeneration activities proposed in the encroachment sites. In addition to this within the Sekkaditheru encroachment site an old wall was observed during the site visit, as such prior to the tendering of any works, TNSCB and Thanjavur Municipal Corporation will consult with the ASI to seek further clarifications and suggestions, and will be required to prepare a heritage impact assessment and management plan in close consultation with ASI which has to be reincorporated into the IEE and EMPs. The relevant demolition and regeneration works contractor will adopt the suggested mitigation measures and relevant EMP.

Air quality impacts due to the construction activity in the resettlement site is not expected to have a major health impact to the surroundings, because of the lack of human habitat/ settlement in the project area. However, for the resettlement site at Vallam as well as the 4 encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat), the movement of construction vehicles transporting construction materials and debris/materials to be disposed may cause increase in air pollutants within the construction zone. These are inherent impacts which are site-specific, low magnitude, short in duration and can be easily mitigated.

For noise and vibration impacts, except the piling works, most of the construction activities (construction of residential units and demolishing works) shall be done manually with minimum use of machinery and equipment and with necessary safety precautions, for example, barricades around demolition sites, restricting pedestrian and vehicular movements. Noise from demolition works should not exceed the noise standards as set by CPCB. Any damage to surrounding buildings will require work to be stopped immediately and rectified before work can recommence. Hence noise and vibration impacts are not expected to be significant. However, v for the piling operation, a Piling Rig will be used, it will generate noise and vibration to the surrounding, since a small settlement is located at a distance of 20 m in the eastern side of the resettlement site, significant impacts are anticipated. The Contractor and the PID shall conduct an inspection to the nearby settlement and assess the anticipated impacts that are likely and accordingly mitigation measures (including provision of temporary noise barriers) shall be provided. For the structures that are weak, appropriate evidence (including video/ photograph) shall be collected from the site prior to the commencement of works, for which temporary structural support shall be provided till the completion of the piling works. The demolition activities shall not have any impact on the monument (Thanjavur Brihadeeswara Temple (ASI and UNESCO Heritage site), this is because it is located at a distance of 400 m (more than the 200 m stipulated distance for regulatory requirements as per the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958). However, appropriate noise mitigation measures including provision for temporary noise barriers, manual demolishing methods shall be adopted to minimise the noise and vibration impacts.

During the project construction and operation, there is a moderate negative impact anticipated on the water resources. This is due to the utilisation of water for construction purposes and use of water for domestic purpose during operation, this activity will have a moderate stress on the available water resource. For construction purposes, the water shall be sourced from the ULB’s/ Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD). During the operation phase of the project, TWAD will supply water to the Vallam resettlement sites. The estimated water demand of 676 KLD will be sourced from pumping main near Manakkarambai Village, which is located at a distance of 18 km from the Vallam resettlement site. To maintain the groundwater level, TWAD is implementing all the possible methods / procedures for groundwater recharge, which includes Check dams, Percolation ponds, Artificial recharge pits, Recharge trench, Ooranies (artificial lakes), Recharge shaft etc., Hence the anticipated impact on the groundwater shall be minimised. For the resettlement site rainwater harvesting structures including 13 rainwater collection pits and rainwater collection trench for a length of 1,111 m has been provided. It is estimated that 38.3 lakh litres of rainwater will be collected within the resettlement site.

Impact on the flora and fauna due to the project construction works and demolition works will be negligible. This is because tree cutting is not required in the Resettlement Site and there are no protected areas or environmentally sensitive areas surrounding the subproject sites. However, few trees are observed in the 4 encroachment areas (demolishing work sites), which shall be preserved and included in the landscaping design during the water body restoration works.

Impact on occupational, health and safety including exposure to work-related chemical, physical, biological and social hazards are likely to occur during proposed construction and demolishing works. Potential impacts are negative and short-term but reversible by mitigation measures including provision of PPEs, preparation of comprehensive site-specific health and safety (H&S) plan (including asbestos material management) provided with a management strategy (including training) and applying practices that are intended to eliminate or reduce fatalities, injuries and illnesses for workers.

Major post construction impacts are specific to site clean-up activities including backfill of any excavation and trenches; reuse of topsoil; re-establishing the drain pattern if impacted; and removal of all tools, equipment, barricades, surplus materials, debris and rubbish.

Major project operation impacts are specific to (i) municipal solid waste generation, and (ii) wastewater generation from the resettlement site. (iii) health and safety issues (including communicable diseases, fire hazard etc.) and (iv) operation of infrastructures/ amenities

vi including STP, rainwater harvesting structures and maintenance of lawn/ green belt. For the identified impacts the TNSCB has already obtained necessary permissions from the competent authority (Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat) for handling the municipal solid waste (MSW) and the discharge of the treated sewage. Hence the impact anticipated during the project operation is negligible. TNSCB have obtained confirmation for the supply of water to the resettlement site from TWAD. Since water will be supplied by the TWAD, the IS 10500 drinking water standard shall be maintained. The supply of estimated water demand of 676 KLD shall not have detrimental impact on the total water supply estimated for the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat.

Other project risks include low institutional capacity of the PMU, PIDs and contractors and their failure to implement the EMP effectively during construction and operation stages. These risks will be mitigated by: (i) hiring of environmental specialists at PMU and PID level; (ii) providing training and capacity building on environmental and social safeguards to the PMU, PIDs, contractors and workers, (iii) developing and implementing site specific EMPs (C-EMP/ D-EMP/ R-EMP) and Standard Operation and Maintenance Plans (SOMPs), (iv) following appropriate project implementation, mitigation, monitoring and reporting arrangements, and (iv) adequate site supervision including audits of contractor’s environmental, health and safety (EHS) performance. Monitoring parameters will be identified in the environmental monitoring plan to check the effectiveness of EMP measures and to ensure any unidentified impacts can be readily addressed. The project risks will also be mitigated through inclusion of environmental specifications in contracts, bids and tenders for contractors.

For the identified impacts, mitigation measures have been developed to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels for pre-construction, construction, post-construction and project operation phases. Mitigation will be assured by a program of environmental monitoring to be conducted during construction and operation phases. The environmental monitoring program will ensure that all mitigation measures are implemented and will determine whether the environment is protected as intended. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks and consultation with workers and beneficiaries. Any requirements for corrective action will be reported to the ADB.

Relocated vulnerable population, especially low-income households will be the major beneficiaries of the project. The most noticeable net environmental benefits to the population will be observed for those residing surrounding the restored water bodies.

Environmental Management Plan. The identified potential environmental impacts can be managed through effective implementation of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP). An EMP is included as part of this IEE, which includes (i) mitigation measures for environmental impacts identified during the implementation stage; (ii) an environmental monitoring program, and the responsible entities for mitigating, monitoring and reporting; (iii) public consultation and information disclosure procedure; and (iv) grievance redress mechanism. A number of impacts and their significance have already been reduced by amending the designs. The EMP will be included in the civil work bidding and contract documents. The EMP Budget has been estimated to be INR 46,94,000 lakh (USD 65,032).

Consultation, Disclosure and Grievance Redress. During the course of preparing this IEE, meetings with departmental officials and other relevant government stakeholders have been conducted. The subproject components and associated clearances/ permissions/ NoCs requirement as well as the way forward for the project were discussed. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with the affected people in the 4 encroachment sites vii

(Big Temple Moat). The conducted FGDs were informal but were attended by both women and men of the affected communities. Baseline socio-economic surveys were also undertaken with the affected people and have been incorporated into this report as required. Further consultations were hampered by the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and as such additional formal consultations will be undertaken once it is safe to do so and before construction commences. The impacts associated with the construction activities shall be shared with the host communities before start of the construction works (including the noise and vibration impacts from the piling operation and also the tentative schedule/ time period for the construction activities). These additional consultations will be incorporated into the draft IEE. The feedback and suggestions from the consultations that were collected to date were utilised in the design of the project, environmental impact assessment and the resettlement plan preparation. Consultations will continue throughout the project implementation period. The draft and final IEE and EMP will be disclosed on TNSCB and ADB websites.

The IEE summary will be made available at public locations in the town and the Draft IEE report will be disclosed to a wider audience via the ADB and TNSCB websites. The consultation process will be continued and expanded during project implementation to ensure that stakeholders are fully engaged in the project and have the opportunity to participate in its development and implementation.

Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). GRM is described within the IEE to ensure any public grievances are addressed quickly. The PIDs (Environmental / Social Cell) will set up a 3-tier common GRM acceptable to ADB at project and divisional levels to address any environmental and / or social issues that arise due to subproject activity. The GRM will constitute a suitable systematic process to receive, evaluate and facilitate resolution of affected persons and other stakeholder’s complaints and grievances about subproject environmental (and social) safeguards performance. It will aim to provide a time-bound, trusted and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve issues and concerns associated with the subproject implementation. The GRM will address concerns and complaints promptly via a transparent process. Complaints and their resolution will be documented and reported in quarterly project progress reports and annual safeguard reports to ADB.

Monitoring and Reporting. The key institutions involved in the IEE and EMP implementation will be the PMU and PIDs. To ensure effective implementation of environmental safeguards procedures, the PMU and PIDs will include designated and trained staff and focal point persons. The PMU will be responsible for the overall supervision and compliance with (i) environmental safeguards requirements including resubmission of revised documentation for ADB concurrence, (ii) coordinate the project GRM, (iii) coordinate with line departments to ensure smooth implementation of the project,1 (iv) supervise the procurement process, and (v) report to the ADB. In particular, the PMU will ensure consistency of safeguard documents with government policy, legal and administrative framework across all jurisdictions national, state and local level. The PIDs will be responsible for day-to-day activity and compliance with safeguards during project implementation in the field including engaging in project GRM, meaningful consultations, and oversight of the contractors or any third-party consultants.

1 The PMU will ensure that subproject activities are synchronized between the project Resettlement Plan and EMP implementation. The PMU will also ensure that no physical or economic displacement of affected persons will occur until: (i) compensation at full replacement cost has been paid to each affected person for subproject or sections of subprojects that are ready to be constructed; and (ii) other entitlements listed in the Resettlement Plan are provided to the affected persons.

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The PMU will be responsible for overall safeguards reporting and monitoring, including final approval of the site-Specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) prepared by the contractors. The PIDs (Environment Cell) with support of the PMU (Environment Team) will conduct environmental monitoring for each subproject and provide the environment input into reporting based on site inspections, compliance checks and prepare the subproject Quarterly Progress Reports (QPRs) for submission to the PMU for final submission to ADB till the project completion report is issued. Monitoring will also encompass tracking progress on regeneration works undertaken by the PMU of previously encroached water bodies / channels and surrounding areas. The environmental monitoring report for submission to ADB shall be on a quarterly basis during construction and on an annual basis during operation. Environmental monitoring reports will be required to be submitted to ADB within 30 days from the end of the relevant period. The environmental monitoring reports will be publicly disclosed on ADB public website. Reporting to ADB will continue until a project completion report is completed.

The PIDs will be responsible for safeguards monitoring and implementation, including initial review of the contractor’s SEMP before submission to PMU for final approval. The PIDs, will coordinate and interact with the PMU on compliance to ADB safeguards requirements and with relevant government agencies and local authorities on permits and clearances and update and finalize the IEE and EMP as needed. During the project implementation, the PIDs will conduct field visits and for the any identified noncompliance (with reference to EMP implementation) a suitable Action Taken Report (ATR) with a time bound corrective action plan will be prepared. The ATR will be shared with the Contractor for effective implementation of the EMP and included in the quarterly safeguard monitoring reports.

After completion of the construction stage, the facility operator/ contractor will continue to submit monthly progress reports to PIDs for the first year of the operation and quarterly progress reports thereafter; these will inform the annual safeguards monitoring reports.

Conclusions and Recommendations. The proposed subproject is unlikely to cause adverse environmental impacts. The potential impacts that are associated with design, construction and operation can be mitigated without difficulty through proper engineering design and the incorporation or application of recommended mitigation measures and procedures. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the subproject as Category “B” is confirmed. No further study or detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS, 2009 or Government of India EIA Notification, 2006. This draft IEE is based on preliminary detailed design and will be submitted to ADB for concurrence and disclosure. However, this draft IEE will be updated based on final detailed design and will also need to be updated every time detailed design is changed or updated. The updated IEE will be submitted to ADB for final review and disclosure.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background 1. Tamil Nadu is one of the largest states in India with an acute housing shortage. According to the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB), the State’s housing deficit accounts for 6.66% of the national housing shortfall. Based on the income levels, the housing shortage mapping reveals that the Economically Weaker Section (EWS) adds to 56%, which is followed by Lower-Income Group (LIG) of 39% and Middle Income Group (MIG) by 4%. Tamil Nadu has 5.8 million slum residents, with the most slum residents from the EWS and the LIG. Slum areas are prone to disaster, environmental degradation and health risks. Informal settlements and slums are often situated in hazardous areas, which are congested and lack appropriate services (i.e., electricity, piped water supply, and sanitation/waste facilities).

2. As per National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (NUHHP), several comprehensive urban initiatives have been undertaken. The most recent initiative is the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Housing for All (PMAY-HFA). In Tamil Nadu, TNSCB has been identified as the entity responsible for implementing PMAY (Urban). It aims to provide 1 million houses for slum families by 2022. In its recent survey, TNSCB estimated the total demand for affordable housing at 1.4 million units. Affordable housing also needs to be made accessible to low-income migrant workers, working women and female-headed low-income households for sustainable urban development.

3. In view of this, the proposed project will promote access to an inclusive, resilient, and sustainable housing and urban development in Tamil Nadu by supporting the state in (i) relocating vulnerable communities living in high-risk areas to safe shelter; (ii) providing affordable and proper housing for urban poor households as well as for migrant workers from the economically weaker section (EWS) and lower-income group (LIG); and (iii) in regional development planning. The project covers 3 proposed components as follows.

4. Component 1: Affordable Housing for Vulnerable Communities. The project will support the resettlement of slum households vulnerable to hazards to safe relocation sites. The project will work with government to introduce gradual changes in the delivery of affordable housing to the urban poor through: (i) improved design including robust O&M mechanisms including women’s participation in design, (ii) increased beneficiary consultation and participation, and (iii) a graduation approach to sustain vulnerable relocated households.2 The output will include protection of cleared waterways to restore ecological functions and prevent re-encroachment.3

2 The graduation approach is a holistic, time-bound, and carefully sequenced set of interventions to place households on an upward trajectory from poverty. This includes four key components: (i) social assistance to support immediate needs such as subsistence and health services during transition in the relocation site; (ii) livelihood promotion through localized market assessment and household-level enterprise/employment matching; (iii) financial inclusion through financial literacy and improving access to savings and financial services to promote economic resilience; and (iv) social empowerment by improving social dynamics, including gender relations, in the families and communities. 3 Removing encroachments in waterways will have the benefit of restoring capacity to absorb water and reduce future flooding, recharge groundwater, and potentially be alternative sources of water in water-scarce areas. Regeneration of urban areas can also result from creating public spaces. Impacts of investing in the subsector can be further increased by improving TNSCB’s design and implementation practices and policies, and further strengthening the institution. Protecting cleared areas ensures that it will not revert back to a slum. The works from protecting the cleared areas including the re-greening of banks can provide temporary construction employment for beneficiary households and provide an initial market for transport services. 2

5. Component 2: Affordable Housing for Urban Poor and Migrant Workers. The project will support the government’s shelter fund by piloting a public-private partnership (PPP) structure and will provide industrial housing and working women’s hostels for low-income and migrant workers. Financing will be deployed as Government of Tamil Nadu’s equity into the shelter fund, which may be provided as catalytic first loss capital instrument. The shelter fund would leverage the Government of Tamil Nadu equity (including the loan proceeds from ADB that would be injected as equity into the fund) to attract private sector investment into specific special purpose vehicles (SPVs) that would be established to deliver affordable housing for working women and industrial workers.

6. Output 3: Regional Planning. The project will support regional planning that integrates existing and proposed development plans and makes provisions for economic development and affordable housing to balance growth throughout the State with regard to infrastructure development, environmental protection, and disaster risk management.4

B. Subproject Scope and Location

7. Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) have taken initiatives to relocate vulnerable communities living alongside the water bodies across the state. In of Thanjavur District, TNSCB has identified 4 encroachment sites in the Big Temple Moat (refer 8. Table 1 and Figure 1) where the vulnerable communities are living under high risk due to the flooding of water bodies. Accordingly, a screening survey has been conducted and the number of households that would be affected were identified. It was estimated to relocate 969 households to a safe location. However, the actual number of households being affected will be assessed after the social survey. This draft IEE will be updated following this and submitted to ADB for final review and disclosure.

9. Based on the land availability (preferably government land) In Thanjavur Taluk, the TNSCB has selected Vallam site (Geo-coordinates: 10°43'29.56"N, 79° 4'14.25"E) as a potential resettlement site. Upon clearance of the old settlement sites/ encroachment sites, adequate measures shall be taken to prevent any encroachment and the water body catchment area shall be restored.

Table 2: Slums Identified for Relocation Sl. No. No. of Geo-coordinates Location Households 1 Mela alangam 240 10.79127 N, 79.127303 E 2 Vadakku alangam 218 10.79568 N, 79.133864 E 3 Kodimarathumoolai 489 10.79542 N, 79.137421 E 4 Sekkaditheru 22 10.79025 N, 79.127403 E Total 969 Source: TNSCB

10. Subproject Selection Criteria. As per the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 and prevailing rules and regulations, the subproject selection criteria have been prepared and included in the Environmental Assessment and Review

4 Land use regulation plays an important part in determining the pattern of service land and housing occupation in urban areas. It should be ensured that housing is provided where it is needed, rather than supporting segregation (for example at the periphery of cities) is critical in policy. Policy should provide diversity of housing at scale, typology, and price. 3

Framework (EARF), which shall act as a guideline for subproject selection. The following table highlights the environmental guidelines for subproject selection.

Figure 1. Map Showing Relocation and Resettlement site

Table 3: Environmental Guidelines for Subproject Selection under Output 1 Guidelines for Subproject Selection Remarks I. All subprojects including supporting services Complies with key exclusion criteria5 The subproject activities proposed at the

5 Subproject Exclusion Criteria 1. Environment Category A subprojects 2. No subprojects to be located within 10 km of a national park, sanctuary, wetland, mangroves, coastal zones, backwaters, recognized biodiversity hotspots and/or within reserved forests, village forests, protected forests. 3. Subprojects that involve activities in the ADB Prohibited Investment Activities List (ADB SPS, 2009, Appendix 5) 4. Subprojects that are highly complex and sensitive 5. Subprojects that are category A or have adverse impacts on indigenous people safeguards. 6. Subprojects which result in significant adverse impacts on any sensitive natural and human receptors e.g., species or habitat of high conservation value, significant number of trees of economic value (such as fruit bearing trees), water bodies (such as wetlands, backwaters, rivers, lakes or ponds), existing host communities / neighbourhoods, schools and/or Physical Cultural Resources (PCRs)

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Guidelines for Subproject Selection Remarks resettlement site (Vallam), 4 encroachment sites located in the Big temple moat (which is proposed to be demolished) and the water body/ canal proposed for restoration comply with the key exclusion criteria. Complies with ADB SPS 2009, EARF and the The subproject activities proposed at the national and state legal and regulatory resettlement site (Vallam), 4 encroachment sites in framework the Big temple moat and the water body/ canal comply with ADB SPS 2009, EARF and the national and state legal and regulatory framework. The primary environmental criteria for The 4 encroachment sites in the Big temple moat selecting subproject sites to be relocated is (to be demolished) are located on the banks of the vulnerability to flooding of targeted non-titled water body/ canal. project beneficiaries without tenure security residing in encroachments (i.e., waterbodies / The resettlement site has no history of flooding. waterways). However, as per the certificate received from Thanjavur Collector Office, the encroachment sites No new development sites in flood areas, are declared as flood prone areas (refer to areas with a history of flooding or areas Appendix 5). zoned for coastal protection. The selected subprojects (new development / It is estimated to demolish 969 dwelling units settlement sites) should have sufficient land across the 4 encroachment sites located in the Big for the accommodation of all project temple moat and it is proposed to construct 969 beneficiaries / resettled households and residential units. The buildings are designed in line community members in line with housing with housing space and design ratio considerations space and design ratio considerations. based on the TNSCB guidelines. The selected subprojects (new development / The selected resettlement site (Vallam) is within settlement sites) should be within one-hour 10km aerial distance from Big temple moat travel time on public transport from existing encroachment sites and it is within one-hour travel settlement sites / encroachments such that time on public transport. project beneficiaries / resettled households and community members have continued access to livelihood generation activities The selected subprojects (new development/ Public amenities are located within 2.5km radius of settlement sites) should be within a 2.5 km the resettlement site. The existing public amenities radius of public amenities or be within along with distance have been depicted in the prescribed social infrastructure access Error! Reference source not found.. norms. The selected subprojects (new development/ The residential units are designed as per the settlement sites) are greenfield, therefore building norms adopted by the TNSCB and they are opportunity should be taken to ensure that located near an existing neighbourhoods. All these are connected to existing required infrastructure and supporting services are neighbourhoods / host communities, provide proposed at the resettlement site. As per the comprehensive infrastructure and supporting proposed design, green spaces and open spaces services, generate new optimally sited open comes around 26.49% (10.4% open spaces spaces of adequate size, and community reserve and 16.45% green belt) which is in spaces. compliance as per the subproject selection criteria of open space / green zone.

7. Subprojects in unsafe proximity of electricity substations, high voltage transmission lines, underground cables, solid waste dumping yards, Oil /Gas pipelines, Coastal Regulatory Zone hazard line and/or polluting (heavy emissions / noisy) industrial activities 8. Subproject sites in flood prone areas, areas with a history of flooding 9. Subprojects that are not technically, financially, or economically viable 5

Guidelines for Subproject Selection Remarks The selected subprojects should have access The resettlement site (Vallam) is proposed to have to or include supporting services (within the the following infrastructure facilities: scope of the EARF) at new development /  Residential Units settlement sites for project beneficiaries /  Internal Roads resettled households and community  Vehicular Parking members for better environmental outcome.  Ration Shop  Convenient Shop  Milk Booth  Library  Security Office  Motor Room  Anganwadi centre  Community Hall If there is no access to supporting services,  Health sub centre then the subproject shall integrate supporting  Open Space Reserve services in the subproject detailed  Sewage Treatment Plant engineering design for the new development  Electric Power supply / settlement sites and for any other housing  Water Supply plans under consideration in the immediate  Solid Waste Management vicinity of new settlement sites.  Rainwater Harvesting  Solar Powered Street Lights Currently there are no supporting services present at the site. Hence EHS audit in line with the ADB SPS is not required. Resettlement of project beneficiaries shall As per the TNSCB policy, the resettlement process only take place after all supporting services shall start only after completion of the construction are available and operational at new activities (including all the amenities/ infrastructure development / settlement sites. facilities). Before resettlement, appropriate meaning consultation shall be conducted. Subprojects will conform to land use Landuse classification of the resettlement site is classification and relevant development Government Poramboku Land (Government Waste control regulations and municipality approved Land). Land Alienation Certificate to TNSCB is master plan. Subprojects (new development / enclosed in Appendix 1. settlement sites) not covered by the master plan will require further due diligence for consideration for subproject selection as long as it meets the key exclusion criteria and prescribes to the environmental guidelines for subproject selection. Will not involve the use or installation of The implementation of the subproject Construction hazardous materials including asbestos, Environmental Management Plan (C-EMP) ensures PCBs, lead based paint that Asbestos, Mercury, PCBs and lead based paints are not used in this project. This includes asbestos cement, gaskets, lead pipe and solder, fluorescent tubes etc. The contractor shall prepare standard operating procedures (SOPs) for each material if potentially exposing workers to asbestos, PCB’s and lead. No new construction of landfills will be There is no proposal for new landfill sites. The supported under this sector loan municipal solid waste shall be collected and disposed by Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat. No new electricity generation / electricity Electricity shall be provided by Tamil Nadu

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Guidelines for Subproject Selection Remarks substations will be supported under this Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited sector loan (TANGEDCO). Subprojects shall utilize water sources at During the construction phase, the contractor has sustainable levels of abstraction only (i.e. been requested to procure water from the TWAD or without significant reductions in the quantity the ULB, who is following various methods / or quality of the source overall), avoid procedures for groundwater recharge. polluted water sources, avoid water use conflicts by not abstracting water that is used During operation phase, water will be supplied by for other purposes and ensure water quality the TWAD to the resettlement site. The required provided complies with national drinking quantity of water (676KLD) will be sourced from the water standards at all times through regular pumping main near Manakkarambai Village, which monitoring. is located at a distance of 18 km from the Vallam resettlement site. The supplied water shall meet the drinking water standard IS 10500. Hence the implementation of this subproject will not have significant impact on the available water sources. Based on the findings from the final water source sustainability study, this IEE has to be updated. Subprojects should locate sewerage It is proposed to install Sewage Treatment Plant treatment plants as far as possible from (STP) for 0.6MLD capacity, the STP is designed to inhabited areas, ensure sewerage is treated have the latest SBR technology to treat the sewage to national wastewater discharge standards, to the required disposal standard (PART A as per ensure no discharge of wastewater occur schedule VI of Environmental Protection Rules where it could be a hazard to downstream 1986) as stipulated by the CPCB. The treated users and include measures for the safe sewage water shall be utilised for landscaping disposal of sewage sludge. purpose as well as for RWH purposes. The STP is fitted with a Sludge digester which will treat sludge to reduce any pathogens level for safer disposal along with the organic waste to the authorized MSW disposal facility. The discharge of excess treated water from the STP will be managed by the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat (refer to Appendix 9). II. Demolition works for all subprojects Demolition works at existing settlements / The EMP prepared for the demolishing works shall encroachments will be implemented to minimise the impacts, further  exclude religious structures e.g. details shall be addressed in the subproject specific chapels, temples, mosques, etc.; and Social Impact Assessment (SIA) / Resettlement if cannot exclude, then replace for Action Plan (RAP). Retaining of the Physical the religious structures in Cultural Resources (PCRs) or shifting of the PCRs consultation with the relevant shall be based on public consultation. stakeholders  involve clearance  avoid cutting of trees  avoid disturbance to PCRs  repair any structure that has been inadvertently damaged  fencing around the water body perimeter or along channel banks6 III. Regeneration works for all subprojects Regeneration works7 at cleared The final plan for regeneration of the water bodies

6 Fencing to ensure that re-encroachment of cleared spaces does not revert back to slums and is kept as green open space to realise ecological and public benefits from the cleared and restored waterways. 7

Guidelines for Subproject Selection Remarks encroachments will include at a minimum will be decided by the Thanjavur Municipal  re-greening / revegetation of banks Corporation with potential TNSCB input. However, along water bodies / channels, based on the activities required for water body  clearing and preventing new solid regeneration works, an EMP has been prepared waste / sewage disposal in water and included in this IEE, which shall assist the bodies / channels Thanjavur Municipal Corporation in minimising the impacts during regeneration works. The IEE and EMP will need to be updated once detailed design is available and the relevant EMP will have to be adopted by the contractor. TNSCB will retain responsibility for clearing the site after demolition and fencing. These impacts are covered under the EMP prepared for demolition works. C. Purpose/ Objectives of IEE8

11. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of the Bank’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. The potential environmental impacts of the subproject have been assessed using ADB rapid environmental assessment checklist for Urban Development Projects (Appendix 2). Then potential negative impacts were identified in relation to (i) pre-construction, construction and operation of the Resettlement Site (Housing Project), (ii) demolition of the structures in the relocated sites and (iii) restoration of water bodies in the relocated sites. The results of the assessment shows that the subproject is unlikely to cause significant adverse impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedent. Thus, this initial environmental examination (IEE) has been prepared in accordance with the EARF and ADB SPS, 2009 requirements for environment category B projects.

12. This IEE is based on the Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared by Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB). The IEE is based mainly on field reconnaissance surveys and secondary sources of information. No baseline environmental monitoring was conducted to prepare the IEE. However, the environmental monitoring program developed as part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) will require the contractor to establish the baseline environmental conditions prior to commencement of civil works. The results of which will be reported in the final IEE as part of the revision of the baseline environmental section and also as part of the environmental monitoring report. It will be the basis to ensure no degradation will happen during subproject implementation. Stakeholders consultation is an integral part of the IEE, due to the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, planned stakeholders consultation has not been conducted and hence, there is a need to undertake further stakeholders consultation, when it is safe to do so.

7 Regeneration works of the cleared encroachments will be undertaken such that it does not revert back to slums and is kept as green open space to realize ecological and public benefits from the cleared and restored waterways. 8 This IEE is based on the preliminary detailed design for the construction of the resettlement site and demolishing & fencing works proposed for the relocated slum / encroachment sites. Hence this IEE have to be updated once the detailed design has been completed for both the subproject components (including resettlement site and demolishing and fencing works at slum / encroachment sites).

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Figure 2. Map Showing Exiting Public Amenities around the Resettlement Site

D. Report Structure 13. This report contains the following eleven (11) sections including the Executive Summary at the beginning of the report:

(i) Executive summary; (ii) Introduction; (iii) Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework; (iv) Description of the Subproject; (v) Analysis of Alternatives (vi) Description of the Environment (Baseline Data); (vii) Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures; (viii) Information Disclosure, Consultation and Participation (ix) Grievance Redress Mechanism (x) Environmental Management Plan (xi) Conclusion and Recommendation 9

II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009)

14. ADB requires the consideration of environmental issues in all aspects of ADB’s operations, and the requirements for environmental assessment are described in ADB SPS, 2009. This states that ADB requires an environmental assessment of all ADB investments.

15. Screening and Categorization: The nature of the environmental assessment required for a project depends on the significance of its environmental impacts, which are related to the type and location of the project; the sensitivity, scale, nature and magnitude of its potential impacts; the availability of cost-effective mitigation measures. Projects are screened for their expected environmental impacts and are assigned to one of the following four categories.

(i) Category A. a proposed project is classified as category ‘A’ if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required. (ii) Category B. a proposed project is classified as category ‘B’ if its potentially adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category ‘A’ projects. These impacts are site-specific, few of them are irreversible, and in most cases, mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category ‘A’ projects. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required. (iii) Category C. a proposed project is classified as category ‘C’ if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications needs to be reviewed. (iv) Category FI. a proposed project is classified as category ‘FI’ if it involves an investment of ADB funds to or through a Financial Intermediary (FI). An Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS) is required.

16. Analysis of Alternatives. The best fit option should be identified for the implementation of the project in terms of location, design, technology and/or components that would avoid, and, if avoidance is not possible, minimize adverse environmental impacts and risks.

17. Anticipated Adverse Impact Mitigation and Management. When the potentially significant adverse impacts and risks cannot be avoided or prevented, appropriate mitigation measures and management actions have to be identified so that the project / subprojects are designed, constructed, and operated in compliance with ADB SPS, 2009.

18. Environmental Management Plan (EMP): An EMP, which addresses the potential impacts and risks identified by the environmental assessment, shall be prepared. The level of detail and complexity of the EMP and the priority of the identified measures and actions will be commensurate with the project’s impact and risks.

19. Public Consultation. Carry out meaningful consultation with affected persons and facilitate their informed participation. Ensure women’s participation in consultation. Involve stakeholders, including affected persons and concerned NGOs, early in the project preparation process and ensure that their views and concerns are made known and understood by decision makers and taken into account.

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20. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM). Establish a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) to receive and facilitate resolution of the affected person’s concerns and grievances regarding the project’s environmental performance.

21. Public Disclosure: ADB will post the safeguard documents on its website as well as disclose relevant information in an accessible manner in local communities:

(i) Final or updated IEE upon receipt; and (ii) Environmental monitoring reports submitted by the implementing agency during project implementation upon receipt.

22. The ADB guidelines, stipulate addressing environmental concerns, if any, of a proposed activity in the initial stages of project preparation. For this, the ADB Guidelines categorizes the proposed components into categories (A, B or C) to determine the level of environmental assessment required to address the potential impacts. This subproject under the IRSHUPSP has been categorized as “B” and accordingly this IEE has been prepared to address the potential impacts, in line with the recommended EARF/ IEE content and structure for Category “B” projects.

B. National and State Environmental Regulations

23. Environmental assessment. Government of India EIA Notification of 2006 (replacing the EIA Notification of 1994) sets out the requirement for Environmental Assessment in India. This states that Environmental Clearance is required for specified activities/projects, and this must be obtained before any construction work or land preparation (except land acquisition) may commence. Projects are categorized as ‘A’ or ‘B’ depending on the scale of the project and the nature of its impacts.

(i) Category A projects require Environmental Clearance from the central Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). The proponent is required to provide preliminary details of the project in the prescribed manner with all requisite details, after which an Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of the MoEF&CC prepares comprehensive Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study. On completion of the study and review of the report by the EAC, MoEF&CC considers the recommendation of the EAC and provides the Environmental Clearance if appropriate. (ii) Category B projects require environmental clearance from the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) categorizes the project as either B1 (requiring EIA study) or B2 (no EIA study) and prepares ToR for B1 projects within 60 days. On completion of the study and review of the report by the SEAC, the SEIAA issues the Environmental Clearance based on the SEAC recommendation. The Notification also provides that any project or activity classified as category “B” will be treated as category “A” if it is located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of protected areas, critically polluted areas, eco-sensitive areas or interstate or international boundaries.

24. The proposed project involves construction of 969 residential units at Vallam (Ayannar Koil Phase 2). As per the conceptual site plan, the resettlement site shall have 13 blocks, with an average plinth area of 37.38 m2. All the blocks shall have G+5 structure. The total built-up area is estimated to be 38,445.00 m2. Other built-up area includes Ration shop, Convenient Shop, Milk Booth, Library, Security Office and Motor Room. The estimated built-up area is less 11 than the stipulated area (1,50,000 m2) for the projects mandating EIA. Hence, the proposed project is classified as Category B2 and it does not warrant an EIA study. However, Environmental Clearance (EC) is required from the SEIAA.

Table 4. Environmental Regulatory Compliance Law Description Requirement Environmental Impact The Notification imposes restrictions As per the EIA notification, this Assessment and prohibitions on new projects or subproject is categorised as B2 Notification, 2006 activities and also on the expansion or and mandated Environmental modernization of existing projects or clearance from SEIAA is activities based on their potential necessary (Refer Appendix 3). environmental impacts. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Categorization of project components This project has been Statement 2009 into A, B or C and developing required “Categorized as B and level of environmental assessment for accordingly this IEE has been each component. prepared “ Central Ground Water It provides for regulation and control of Permission for the extraction of Authority Notification, ground water development and Groundwater from Central 1997 management Groundwater Board (CGWB) The Environment Emissions and discharges from the To comply with applicable Protection Act, 1986 facilities to be created or refurbished or notified standards (including The Environment augmented shall comply with the Water Act 1974, Air Act 1981 and Protection Rules, 1986 notified standards acts relating to Biological Diversity) Water (Prevention and Act was enacted to provide for the To obtain CtE and CtO prior to Control of Pollution) Act prevention and control of water the start of construction for (i) hot of 1974, Rules of 1975, pollution and the maintaining or mix plant /batching plant; (ii) and amendments restoring of wholesomeness of water. construction (workers) camps Control of water pollution is achieved and (iii) proposed STP. through administering conditions imposed in consent issued under to Compliance to the conditions and this Act. effluent disposal standards All pollution potential activities will stipulated in CtE and CtO require consent to establish (CTE) from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) before starting implementation and consent to operate (CTO) before commissioning. Air (Prevention and The Act was enacted to achieve To obtain CtE and CtO prior to Control of Pollution) prevention, control and abatement of the start of construction for (i) Act, 1981, amended air pollution activities by assigning diesel generators; (ii) hot mix 1987 and its Rules, regulatory powers to CPCB and units / batching units; (iii) 1982. SPCB’s for all such functions. vehicles emitting air pollutants and (iv) construction (works) Establishes ambient air quality camps. standards Compliance to conditions and emissions standards stipulated in the CtE and CtO. Noise Pollution It provides for regulations to control To comply with the noise (Regulation and ambient noise levels in public places standards (refer Table 8). Control) Rules, 2000 from sources such as industries/ and further amended construction works/ community events, etc. The Hazardous Wastes It provides for regulation and control of Applicable for the subproject if it

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Law Description Requirement (Management, indiscriminate disposal of Hazardous deals with generation/ handling/ Handling and waste; and its sound management to storage/ processing of hazardous Transboundary reduce risks to environmental and waste which should take Movement) Rules, 2008 human health cognizance of the provisions/schedules of these Rules and obtain authorization from the TNSPCB. Municipal Solid Waste Rules to manage municipal solid waste Solid waste generated at the Management Rules, generated; provides rules for proposed facilities / construction 2016 segregation, storage, collection, camps / housing units shall be processing and disposal. managed and disposed in accordance with the MSW Rules Construction and Rules to manage construction and Construction and demolition Demolition (C&D) waste resulting from construction, re- waste generated due to civil Waste Management modelling, repair and demolition of civil works at subproject construction Rules, 2016 structure. Rules define C&D waste as site and/or demolition of existing comprising of building materials, debris civil structures at encroached resulting from demolition / re-modelling areas shall be managed and or repairs disposed as per these Rules The Ancient Provide guidance for carrying out The resettlement site at Vallam Monuments and activities, including conservation, is not close to any of the Archaeological Sites construction and reuse in and around archeological / protected and Remains Act, the protected monuments. monuments. However, the 1958, and the rules, demolition sites (4 encroachment 1959 sites located in the Big Temple Moat) is located 400m from the Thanjavur Brihadeshwara temple, which is a UNESCO world heritage site as well as ASI protected monument and Thanjavur Palace, which is located at a distance of 182m from the nearest encroachment site Kodimarathumoolai and 250m from Vadakkualangam encroachment site (Refer figure 14). As per the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (AMASR) Act 2010, there is a ban on construction within 100 metres of a centrally protected monument and regulated construction needs to be carried out within 100-200 metres (totaling 300m buffer surrounding the ASI monument). The Act is silent on whether demolition and regeneration works constitutes construction. Tamil Nadu State This Act is to protect groundwater Groundwater abstraction in any Ground Water resources and provide safeguards of the notified areas will be (Development and against groundwater overexploitation, subject to the provisions of this Management) Act, and to ensure its planned development Act. 2003 and management; notifies areas for development, regulation and control of 13

Law Description Requirement groundwater; prohibits digging of wells and groundwater transport in notified areas without prior permission of the designated authority; requires all wells to be registered. Labor Laws The contractor shall not make Appendix 4 provides applicable employment decisions based upon labor laws including amendments personal characteristics unrelated to issued from time to time job requirements. applicable to establishments The contractor shall base the engaged in construction of civil employment relationship upon equal works, which will need to be opportunity and fair treatment and shall followed by the subproject. not discriminate with respect to aspects of the employment relationship, including recruitment and hiring, compensation (including wages and benefits), working conditions and terms of employment or retirement, and discipline. The contractor shall provide equal wages and benefits to men and women for work of equal value or type. Minimum Wages Act, The employer is supposed to pay not All construction / operation and 1948 less than the minimum wages fixed by maintenance workers should be appropriate government agency as per paid not less than the stipulated the provisions of this Act if the wages under this Act. employment is a “scheduled employment” such as construction of Roads, Runways, and Buildings. Equal Remuneration The Act provides for payment of equal Act, 1979 wages for work of equal nature to male and female workers and for not making discrimination against genders. Inter-State Migrant Act is applicable to any establishment Contractor for subprojects to Workmen (Regulation that employs 5 or more inter-state register with the Labour of Employment and migrant workers through an Department in case of hiring of Conditions of Service) intermediary (who has recruited inter-state migrant workers. Act, 1979 workers in one state for employment at Adequate and appropriate an establishment situated in another amenities and facilities to be state). provided to workers including housing, sanitation, portable water, medical aid, traveling expenses from home to work place, etc. Building and Other It regulates the employment and The subproject shall comply with Construction Workers conditions of service of building and the provisions of this Act (Regulation of other construction workers and Employment and provides for their safety, health and Conditions of Service) welfare. Act, 1996 Tamil Nadu Minor Applicable for sand mining, quarrying All projects/activities being Mineral Concession and borrow areas implemented and/or funded Rules, 1959 (amended under the sector loan shall take up to 31 March 2001) cognizance and comply with the

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Law Description Requirement provisions of this Act Tamil Nadu Protection An Act to provide measures for Cleaning of encroachments / of Tanks and Eviction checking the encroachment, eviction of regeneration works of Encroachments Act, encroachment in tanks which are 2007 under the control and management of Public Works Department, protection of such tanks and for matters incidental thereto. Tamil Nadu Building Regulates the employment and The subproject shall comply with and Other Construction conditions of service of building and the provisions of this Act Workers’ (Regulation of other construction workers and to Employment and provide for their safety, health and Conditions of Service) welfare measures; Provides various Act, 1996 and Rules, benefits for the registered workers 2006 Source: MoEF&CC, CPCB, Govt of Tamil Nadu

25. Clearance/Permissions to be obtained by the Project Management Unit (PMU). The following table depicts the statutory clearances/permissions (but not limited to) for the use of land, providing public utility services to the resettlement site. The PMU shall verify and support PIDs to ensure all necessary clearances/permission have been obtained prior to start of construction.

Table 5: Clearances and Permissions Required by the PMU for Project Construction Sl.n Permission/ Competent Remarks Status Reference o Clearances/ Authority Declaration 1. Land Alienation to Collector Land alienation to TNSCB Obtained Appendix 1 TNSCB office has been issued by the Thanjavur Collector office, Thanjavur District District. This also includes land Classification, Enter Upon Permission, Ancient Monuments, Trees and buildings and NoC from Mines. 2. Environmental State As per the EIA notification, In Include the EC Clearance as per the Environment this subproject is progress in Appendix 3 EIA notification 2006 Impact categorised as B2 and (applicatio Assessment mandates Environmental n has Authority clearance from SEIAA is been (SEIAA) necessary. Accordingly submitted Form 1 and Form 1A has to SEIAA. been submitted to SEIAA It has to be obtained prior to the contract award 3. Co nfirmation on the Taluk Office The Tashildar, Thanjavur Obtained Appendix 5 encroachments Thanjavur have issued certificate located in the water indicating that the 4 body/ canal encroachment sites 15

Sl.n Permission/ Competent Remarks Status Reference o Clearances/ Authority Declaration located in the Big Temple Moat have been encroached in the water body/ canal 4. Confirmation letter TANGEDCO, TANGEDCO has accepted Obtained Appendix 6 from the Tamil Nadu Thanjavur the request from TNSCB for Generation and electricity service Distribution connection after collecting Corporation fees (TANGEDCO) 5. Certificate indicating Taluk Office Tahsildhar Thanjavur have Obtained Appendix 7 the Vallam Thanjavur issued certificate by resettlement site is indicating the Vallam not vulnerable for resettlement site is not flooding prone to flooding, not encroached on water body and drought free zone 6. Acceptance letter for Special Vallam Special Grade Town Obtained Appendix 8 collection of Grade Town Panchayat office has Municipal Solid Panchayat, accepted for collection and Waste Vallam transportation of Municipal Solid Waste generated from Vallam Resettlement site. 7. Acceptance letter for Special Vallam Special Grade Town Obtained Appendix 9 Collection of Dry Grade Town Panchayat office has given Sludge and Panchayat, confirmation for discharge discharge of Treated Vallam of treated sewage and Sewage Water collection of dry sludge 8. Tamil Nadu Water TWAD TWAD has confirmed the Obtained Appendix 10 Supply and Drainage supply of water to the Board (TWAD) Vallam Resettlement site. acceptance/ The acknowledgement for acknowledge for the the same has been supply of water to included in the Appendix Vallam resettlement 10. Once detailed design site for this associated activity is available a revised IEE and subsequent EMP for this activity should be submitted to ADB for concurrence. 9. Land Use Certificate Town The Vallam resettlement Obtained Appendix 11 Planning site has been classified as Area, Non Planning Area Thanjavur 10. Submission of SEIAA/ Compliance matrix for the Ongoing Appendix 12 Compliance Matrix TNPCB requested General (update it for the EC conditions conditions and Specific accordingly) conditions have been prepared by the TNSCB, which will be submitted to the SEIAA/ TNPCB. Any

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Sl.n Permission/ Competent Remarks Status Reference o Clearances/ Authority Declaration comments/ changes given by the SEIAA/ TNPCB have to be incorporated in the modified compliance matrix and accordingly it has to be included in the IEE and relevant EMP. 11. Source+ sustainability TWAD Study on the source Ongoing Appendix 13 study for supply of sustainability has been (update it water to the Vallam conducted by TWAD to accordingly) resettlement site balance water demand against water source availability. The study includes testing the water quality 12. Clarification on the Archaeologic TNSCB and Thanjavur To be Appendix 20 ancient wall like al Survey of Municipal Corporation has obtained structure located in India (ASI) been requested to obtain the Sekkaditheru clarification from ASI encroachment site regarding the presence of and encroachment an ancient wall like sites proposed for structure in the demolition and encroachment site. regeneration (Vadakkualangam and Kodimarathumoolai) which is within the buffer zone of 300m.

26. Other Environmental Clearance Conditions Requirements. TNSCB will have to obtain approval for the STP design by an Independent approved third party or by an independent expert/ reputed Academic institutions for its adequacy and a report in this regard should be submitted to the SEIAA and incorporated into the IEE before contract award or commencement of construction.

27. Clearances/Permissions to be obtained by the Contractor. Following table shows the list of clearances/permissions (but not limited to) required for project construction. The contractor should ascertain the requirements prior to start of the construction and obtain all necessary clearances/permission prior to start of construction.

Table 6. Clearances and Permissions Required by the Contractor for Project Construction Sl.no Construction Statutory Statute under which Implementation Supervision Activity Authority Clearance is Required 1. Tree Cutting District Clearances from the Project Project Revenue authorities as per the Implementation Management Department Tamil Nadu Timber Division (PID Unit (PMU) Transit Rules, 1968 or latest. 2. Batching plants, Tamil Nadu Consent to establish and Contractor PID 17

Sl.no Construction Statutory Statute under which Implementation Supervision Activity Authority Clearance is Required Crushers and Pollution Control consent to operate under Hot mix plants Board (TNPCB) Air Act, 1981 3. Discharges from TNPCB Consent to establish and Contractor PID Construction consent to operate under activities Water Act, 1974 4. Storage, TNPCB Hazardous Wastes Contractor PID handling and (Management and transport of Handling) Rules. 1989 hazardous Manufacturing, Storage materials and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 5. Sand mining, Department of Contractor to obtain Contractor PID quarries and Geology and material from the existing borrow areas mining, government licensed Government of mines/quarries; Tamil Nadu Contractor will require prior approval of PID for obtaining material from a particular source. PID to review and approve only existing licensed mines 6. Groundwater Public Works Tamil Nadu Groundwater Contractor PID extraction Department (Development and Management) Act (2003) 7. Disposal of TNPCB Construction and Contractor PID Construction Demolition (C&D) Waste and Demolition Management Rules, waste 2016 Source: MoEF&CC, CPCB, Govt of Tamil Nadu

C. Applicable International Standards and Best Practices

28. During the design, construction and operation of the project the PMU and Project Implementation Divisions (PIDs) will apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the International Finance Corporation’s (IFC) Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines Guidance Notes and standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. When Government of India regulations differ from these levels and measures, the PMU and PIDs will achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the PMU and PIDs will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS, 2009.

29. The following IFC (World Bank Group) EHS and WHO Guidelines will be adopted in the EMP for the subprojects such as:

(i) WHO Guidelines on Air Emissions and Ambient Air Quality, Noise Management, Wastewater and Ambient Water Quality, (ii) Guidelines for Construction and Decommissioning (2007) (iii) Guidelines for Hazardous Material Management and Waste Management

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(iv) Good Practice Note: Asbestos: Occupational and Community Health Issues, May 2009 (v) Guidance Note on Workers Accommodation: Processes and Standards, August 20069 (vi) Guidelines on Occupational Health and Safety and Community Health and Safety (2007)

30. Comparison of national emissions standards and International Standards / Best Practices are provided in Table 7, Table 8 and Table 9. Due to different measuring conditions, the emission values are not directly comparable. However, IFC Guidelines / WHO standards are stricter than the national standards if converted to comparable values.

Table 7: National Ambient Air Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines WHO Air Quality Guidelines National (µg/m3) Ambient Air Global Applicable Per Quality Update Second ADB SPS Parameter Location a Standards b 2005 c Edition 2000 d (µg/m3) e Particulate Industrial 60 (Annual) 20 (Annual) - 20 (Annual) Matter Residential, Rural PM10 and Other Areas 100 (24-hr) 50 (24-hr) 50 (24-hr) (µg/m3) Sensitive Area 60 (Annual) 20 (Annual) - 20 (Annual) 100 (24-hr) 50 (24-hr) 50 (24-hr) Particulate Industrial 40 (Annual) 10 (Annual) - 10 (Annual) Matter Residential, Rural PM2.5 and Other Areas 60 (24-hr) 25 (24-hr) 25 (24-hr) (µg/m3) Sensitive Area 40 (Annual) 10 (Annual) 10 (Annual) 60 (24-hr) 25 (24-hr) 25 (24-hr) Sulfur Industrial 50 (Annual) 20 (24-hr) - 50 (Annual) Dioxide Residential, Rural 20 (24-hr) SO2 and Other Areas 80 (24-hr) 500 (10-min) 500 (10-min) (µg/m3) Sensitive Area 20 (Annual) 20 (24-hr) - 20 (Annual) 80 (24-hr) 500 (10-min) 20 (24-hr) 500 (10-min) Nitrogen Industrial 40 (Annual) 40 (Annual) - 40 (Annual) Dioxide Residential, Rural 80 (24-hr) NO2 and Other Areas 80 (24-hr) 200 (1-hr) 200 (1-hr) (µg/m3) Sensitive Area 30 (Annual) 40 (Annual) - 30 (Annual) 80 (24-hr) 200 (1-hr) 80 (24-hr) 200 (1-hr) Carbon Industrial 2,000 (8-hr) - 10,000 (8-hr) 2,000 (8-hr) Monoxide Residential, Rural 4,000 (1-hr) 4,000 (1-hr) CO and Other Areas 100,000 (15-min) 100,000 (15-min) (µg/m3) Sensitive Area 2,000 (8-hr) - 10,000 (8-hr) 2,000 (8-hr) 4,000 (1-hr) 100,000 (15-min) 4,000 (1-hr) 100,000 (15- min) Ozone 1 1 0 0 Industrial 0 (8-hr) 100 (8-hr) - 0 (8-hr) (O3) Residential, Rural 1 (1-hr) 1 (1-hr)

9 IFC Guidance Note: Workers Accommodation 19

WHO Air Quality Guidelines National (µg/m3) Ambient Air Global Applicable Per Quality Update Second ADB SPS Parameter Location a Standards b 2005 c Edition 2000 d (µg/m3) e (µg/m3) and Other Areas 8 8 0 0 1 1 0 0 Sensitive Area 0 (8-hr) 100 (8-hr) - 0 (8-hr) 1 1 8 8 0 (1-hr) 0 (1-hr) Lead (Pb) Industrial, 0.5 (Annual) - 0.5 (Annual) 0.5 (Annual) (µg/m3) Residential, Rural and Other Areas 1.0 (24-hr) 1.0 (24-hr) Sensitive Area 0.5 (Annual) - 0.5 (Annual) 0.5 (Annual) 1.0 (24-hr) 1.0 (24-hr) Ammonia 1 10 0 Industrial 0 (Annual) - 0 (Annual) (NH3) 4 Residential, Rural 40 0 and 0 (24-hr) 0 (24-hr) (µg/m3) Other Areas 1 10 0 Sensitive Area 0 (Annual) - - 0 (Annual) 4 40 0 0 (24-hr) 0 (24-hr) Benzene Industrial 5 (Annual) - - 5 (Annual) (C6H6) Residential, Rural (µg/m3) and Other Areas Sensitive Area 5 (Annual) - - 5 (Annual) Benzo(o) Industrial 1 (Annual) - - 1 (Annual) Pyrene Residential, Rural (BaP) and Other Areas (ng/m3) Sensitive Area 1 (Annual) - - 1 (Annual) Arsenic Industrial 6 (Annual) - - 6 (Annual) (As) Residential, Rural (ng/m3) and Other Areas Sensitive Area 60 (Annual) - - 60 (Annual) Nickel (Ni) Industrial 20 (Annual) - - 20 (Annual) (ng/m3) Residential, Rural and Other Areas Sensitive Area 20 (Annual) - - 20 (Annual) a Sensitive area refers to Ecologically sensitive areas notified by the India Central Government b http://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards.pdf c WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Global update 2005. WHO. 2006. d Air Quality Guidelines for Europe Second Edition. WHO 2000. e As per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of

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the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS. Table 8: National Noise Standards and WHO Guidelines WHO Guidelines Value Noise Level For Noise Levels Measured Applicable Per Standards a Out of Doors b ADB SPS c Receptor/ (dBA) (One Hour LAeq in dBA) (dBA) Source Day Night 07:00 – 22:00 22:00 – 07:00 Day time Night time Industrial area 75 70 70 70 70 70 Commercial area 65 55 65 55 Residential Area 55 45 55 45 55 45 Silent Zone 50 40 50 40 a Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2002 as amended up to 2010 (http://cpcb.nic.in/displaypdf.php?id=Tm9pc2UtU3RhbmRhcmRzL25vaXNlX3J1bGVzXzIwMDAucGRm) b Guidelines for Community Noise. WHO. 1999. c As per ADB SPS, the project proponent shall achieve whichever of the ambient air quality standards is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the project proponent will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS, 2009.

Table 9: National Drinking Water Quality Standards and WHO Guidelines National Standards for Drinking Water a, b WHO Guidelines Max. for Drinking Concentration Water Quality, Applicable Per Group Parameter Unit Limit 4th Edition, 2011c ADB SPS d, e Physical Turbidity NTU 1 (5) - 1 (5) pH 6.5 – 8.5 None 6.5 – 8.5 Color Hazen Units 5 (15) None 5 (15) Taste and Agreeable - Agreeable Odor TDS mg/l 500 (2,000) - 500 (2,000) Iron mg/l 0.3 - 0.3 Manganese mg/l 0.1 (0.3) - 0.1 (0.3) Arsenic mg/l 0.01 (0.05) 0.01 0.01 Cadmium mg/l 0.003 0.003 0.003 Chromium mg/l 0.05 0.05 0.05 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 None 0.05 Fluoride mg/l 1 (1.5) 1.5 1 (1.5) Lead mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.01 Ammonia mg/l 0.5 none established 0.5 Chemical Chloride mg/l 250 (1,000) none established 250 (1,000) Barium mg/l 0.7 None 0.7 Sulphate mg/l 200 (400) None 200 (400) Nitrate mg/l 45 50 45 Copper mg/l 0.05 (1.5) 2 0.05 (1.5) Total mg/l 200 (600) - 200 (600) Hardness Calcium mg/l 75 (200) - 75 (200) Zinc mg/l 5 (15) none established 5 (15) Mercury mg/l 0.001 0.006 0.001 Aluminum mg/l 0.1 (0.3) none established 0.1 (0.3) Anionic mg/l 0.2 (1.0) None 0.2 (1.0) Detergents 21

National Standards for Drinking Water a, b WHO Guidelines Max. for Drinking Concentration Water Quality, Applicable Per Group Parameter Unit Limit 4th Edition, 2011c ADB SPS d, e Phenolic mg/l 0.001(0.002) None 0.001(0.002) Compounds Residual mg/l 0.2 5 0.2 Chlorine Microbial E-coli MPN/100ml Must not be Must not be Must not be detectable in any detectable in any detectable in any indicator Total Coliform MPN/100ml 100 ml sample 100 ml sample 100 ml Sample a http://cgwb.gov.in/Documents/WQ-standards.pdf. b Bureau of India Standard 10500: 2012 (Indian Standard, Drinking Water — Specification (Second Revision). c Health-based guideline values. d As per ADB SPS, the government shall achieve whichever of the drinking quality standards is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the executing agency of the government will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in ADB SPS, 2009. e Figures in parenthesis are maximum limits allowed in the absence of alternate source.

31. Effluent Discharge Standards for Sewage Treatment Plants set by Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India, Dated 15th April 2015 are provided in Appendix 15 of EARF.

32. The Guidelines for Reuse of STP effluent and sludge are provided in Appendix 16 of EARF.

33. The Central Pollution Control Board notifications and guidelines for operation of DG sets (that may be used for supporting services) are available at: https://cpcb.nic.in/genset- notifications/

34. Core Labor Standards. ADB is committed to due consideration of Core Labor Standards (CLS) in the design and implementation of subprojects. A CLS handbook has been developed by ADB with cooperation of International Labor Organization (ILO). The TNSCB PMU will ensure compliance to applicable CLS of ADB-ILO during project implementation including:10

(i) Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining (ii) Elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labor (iii) Effective abolition of child labor (iv) Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation

D. International Treaties/Conventions/Declarations on Environment Management

35. India is a signatory to the following international treaties/ conventions/ declarations on environment, social, safety and occupational issues that are relevant for the subproject. The list of international agreements is provided in Table 10.

11 Projects that ADB deems as highly risky or contentious or involve serious and multidimensional and generally interrelated potential social and/or environmental impacts.

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Table 10: International Treaties/ Conventions/ Declarations on Environment Sl. International Treaties/ Conventions/ Description no Declarations 1. United Nations Conference on the To coordinate global efforts to promote Human Environment - Stockholm 1972 sustainability and safeguard the natural environment 2. Convention on International Trade in Its aim is to ensure that international trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna specimen of wild animals and plants does not and Flora (CITES), 1975 threaten their survival 3. Ramsar Convention, 1971, 1975 The Convention on Wetlands is the intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources 4. The Basel Convention on the Control The Convention aims to protect human health and of Transboundary Movements of the environment against the adverse effects Hazardous Wastes, 1989 resulting from the generation, transboundary movements and management of hazardous wastes and other wastes 5. Strategic Approach to International SAICM is an international non-binding policy Chemicals Management (SAICM) framework to support efforts to achieve the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (WSSD) goal for chemicals, notably “achieve by 2020 that chemicals are used & produced in ways that lead to the minimization of adverse effects on human health & the environment” 6. United Nations Conference on The conference had three objectives (Agenda – 21, Environment and Development Rio Declaration and Millennium Development (UNCED), 1992, 2002 Goals), to secure renewed political commitment for sustainable development, to assess the progress and implementation gaps in meeting previous commitments, and to address new and emerging challenges 7. United Nations Framework Convention It operationalizes the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992 Convention on Climate Change by committing  Kyoto Protocol, 1997 industrialized countries to limit and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets 8. The Vienna Convention, 1985 It sets binding progressive phase out obligations  Montreal Protocol on Ozone for developed and developing countries for all the depleting substances, 1992 major ozone depleting substances, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons and less damaging transitional chemicals such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 9. Convention on Biological Diversity, It is an international treaty governing the movement 1992 of living modified organism (LMO) resulting from  Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, modern biotechnology from one country to another Ratified on 17th January, 2003

10. Convention to Combat Desertification, It is the only binding international agreement linking 1996 environment and development to sustainable soil management 11. Rotterdam Convention on Prior It is a multilateral treaty to promote shared Informed Consent Procedure for responsibilities in relation to importation of certain Hazardous Chemicals in hazardous chemicals 23

Sl. International Treaties/ Conventions/ Description no Declarations International Trade, 2002 12. Stockholm Convention on Persistent It aims to eliminate or restrict the production and Organic Pollutants (POPs), 2001 use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT

A. Subproject Overview

36. In Thanjavur Taluk of Thanjavur District, TNSCB has identified Big Temple Moat site which has been encroached by vulnerable communities and observed that they are living under high risk due to the flooding. Based on the land availability In Thanjavur Taluk, preferably government land, the TNSCB has identified Vallam (10°43'29.56"N, 79° 4'14.25"E) in Thanjavur Taluk as a resettlement site to relocate the encroachers from Big Temple Moat site. The geo coordinates of the 4 encroachment sites located in the Big Temple Moat is presented in Table 2 in Chapter 1.

37. Figure 3 shows the map of the Big Temple Moat encroachment sites chosen for relocation, and location of the resettlement site at Vallam (Ayyanar Koil Phase 2). Area within 10 km radius of the resettlement site is also shown in the map. There are no environmental sensitive areas including protected areas, eco sensitive zones or ecologically sensitive areas notified by the MoEF&CC located within 10 km radius of the resettlement site.

Figure 3. Map Showing site chosen for Relocation and Resettlement site (Vallam)

38. The selection of site was based on the following ADB EARF screening criteria: 25

(i) Key Exclusion Criteria. Vallam resettlement site, 4 encroachment sites (located in the big temple moat) and the water body (proposed for regeneration) are not falling under the exclusion criteria as suggested in the EARF. (a) None of the subproject activities (construction, demolition and regeneration) are falling under the Environmental category “A” (b) The subproject areas are not located within the 10km radius national park, sanctuary, wetland, mangrove reserve, biodiversity hotspot, reserve ot protected forest area and CRZ zone. (c) The subproject is not falling under the ADB Prohibited Investment Activities List (ADB SPS, 2009, Appendix 5) (d) The subproject is not highly complex and sensitive11 (e) The subproject activity do not affect the PCRs e.g. local heritage sites / archaeological sites,12 places of worship, etc., (f) The subproject is not located near electricity substations, high voltage transmission lines, underground cables, solid waste dumping yards, Oil /Gas pipelines, Coastal Regulatory Zone hazard line and/or polluting (heavy emissions / noisy) industrial activities (g) The resettlement site is not in flood prone areas, areas with a history of flooding or in areas zoned for coastal protection. (ii) Environmental guidelines for Subproject Selection criteria. The subproject activities including the Construction, Demolishing and Regeneration of water bodies are as per the following environmental guidelines for subproject selection criteria (a) The encroachment sites chosen for relocation are vulnerable for flooding and occupied by the slum dwellers (b) The resettlement site proposed at Vallam will host 969 dwelling units for the 969 HH to be evicted from the encroachment sites located in the big temple moat area, which is sufficient to accommodate project beneficiaries / resettled households and community members in line with housing space and design ratio considerations. (c) New site should be within one-hour travel time on public transport from existing settlement sites / encroachments). The resettlement site at Vallam meets this criterion. Figure 1 in Chapter 1 shows that the Vallam is located at a distance of 10km from the big temple moat site, which is chosen for relocation and they are well connected by roads. Hence the travel time will be less than 1 hr. (d) New site should be within a 2.5 km radius of public amenities or be within prescribed social infrastructure access norms. The resettlement site at Vallam meets this criterion. The existing public amenities around the resettlement site have been depicted in Error! Reference source not found. in Chapter 1. (e) The subproject is designed to have 10% OSR and 15% green belt area (f) New site should provide comprehensive infrastructure and supporting services, generate new optimally sited open spaces of adequate size, and community spaces including space for training and community enterprise.

11 Projects that ADB deems as highly risky or contentious or involve serious and multidimensional and generally interrelated potential social and/or environmental impacts. 12 ASI clarification is requested for the ancient wall like structure located near to the encroachment site. Based on the recommendations/ suggestions care shall be taken to preserve the wall from damages.

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(g) Vallam resettlement site is in conformation to the land use classification, relevant development control regulations and DTCP approved master plan. (h) No new construction of landfills, electricity generation/ electricity high voltage transmission line and distribution substations are proposed under this subproject. (i) Water source sustainability is maintained through supply of water by TWAD and the quality of the water is as per the IS 10500 (drinking water standard), and a water source sustainability study will be completed. (j) 0.6MLD capacity Sewage Treatment Plant is proposed to treat the sewage generated from the Vallam resettlement site, the treated water shall be utilised for gardening, rainwater harvesting and excess treated water shall be given to the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat for their uses. The sludge generated in the STP shall be further digested to remove the pathogens and the dried sludge is disposed along with the organic waste for bio-composting. (k) Demolition works at 4 encroachment sites will (a) exclude religious structures e.g., chapels, temples, mosques, etc. (b) involve clearance and fencing around the water body / canal banks13 (c) avoid cutting of trees; and (d) avoid disturbance to PCRs. (l) Regeneration works at cleared encroachments includes (a) re-greening / re-vegetation along water body / canal banks; and (b) clearing and preventing new solid waste / sewage disposal in water bodies / channels. 39. The scope of this subproject covers (i) construction of 969 residential units and associated facilities at the resettlement site at Vallam; (ii) demolition of 969 structures located in 4 encroachment sites located in the Big Temple Moat identified for relocation to Vallam; and (iii) restoration of water body/ canal, which were encroached by the people needs to be relocated. B. Proposed Subproject Interventions at the Resettlement Site

40. Salient Features of the resettlement site are presented in Table 11. Photograph of the resettlement site is presented as Figure 4.

Table 11. Salient Features of the Resettlement Site Features Description Plinth Area 37,140.60 m2 Built-up Area 38445.00m2 Total Housing / 969 Residential Units Total Occupancy 5,102 Administration area The proposed relocation site falls in Thanjavur Revenue Village and Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat limits in Thanjavur Taluk of Thanjavur District Topography Site is an abandoned gravel quarry area. Connectivity It is well connected to NH 67 and SH 99A. The Thanjavur Old Bus Stand is located at a distance of 10.5 km. Thanjavur New Bus Stand is located at a distance of 5.37km. Thanjavur railway station is located at a distance of 9.3km. Site nearby North side of the site is residential area, east side is TNSCB Phase 1

13 Fencing to ensure that re-encroachment of cleared spaces does not and to derive public benefits from the cleared and restored waterways. 27

Features Description (residential units), and south and west sides are open land with Isolated residential houses. Distance from new 4 encroachment sites located in the Big Temple Moat (proposed for resettlement site to relocation) is located at a distance 10km (by road) from the new site (refer the slums Error! Reference source not found.1). Environmental No sensitive natural or human receptors in close proximity to the proposed sensitivity relocation site. ASI Monument The nearest encroachment site (Sekkaditheru) in the Big Temple moat is located at a distance of 575m and for the Thanjavur Palace, the nearest encroachment site is Kodimarathumoolai, which is located at a distance of 182m and Vadakkualangam is located at a distance of 250m. This will require further consultation with the ASI on the requirements as per the AMASR) Act 2010 prior to the tendering of any works. In addition the presence of an ancient wall like structure needs clarity on the importance from the ASI prior to the tendering of any works. Electricity TANGEDCO have confirmed to provide electricity to the Vallam resettlement site for which transformers will be provided within the resettlement site Health facilities Thanjavur Medical College is located at a distance of 4.7 km from the proposed relocation site Water supply Water supply is proposed to be provided by Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage (TWAD) Board. The estimated water demand of 676 KLD will be sourced from pumping main near Manakkarambai Village, which is located at a distance of 18km from the Vallam resettlement site. Rainwater As per the regulatory requirements, rooftop rainwater harvesting has been Harvesting proposed for all the blocks. Accordingly, TNSCB have designed 13 RWH Structures structures/pits and with rainwater harvesting trenches in the project area. Through this 38.3lakh litres of rainwater shall be collected. Waste water 0.6 MLD STP will be constructed within the resettlement site for treating treatment waste water (grey water and black water) generated from the resettlement site. It is proposed to have Sequencing Batch Reactors (SBR) for treating waste water. SBR is a variant of Activated Sludge Process (ASP) technology and is essentially a batch treatment through the combination of primary settling, aeration, secondary settling and decanting the treated sewage in a series of sequences. The treated waste water quality will met the requirement of the CPCB waste water discharge standard. The treated water will be utilised for flushing, landscaping purposes and for groundwater recharge. The remaining excess treated water shall be used to recharge the groundwater through via the rainwater harvesting pits and rainwater harvesting trenches, and supplied to the Vallam Special GradeTown Panchayat (if needed). Solid waste Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat have agreed to provide Municipal management Solid Waste (MSW) collection, transportation and disposal to the existing solid waste dumping site, which is owned and operated by the panchayat, for which a dedicated location will be provided for collection of MSW generated within the resettlement site. Segregation of waste at source will be adopted. Treated Sewage Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat have agreed for collection and Discharge discharge of the treated sewage STP sludge It is proposed to have sludge digester tank (anaerobic sludge digestion) in management the STP to digest the sludge into dry sludge for further disposal. The treated sludge shall be stored in the sludge drying bed and when it reaches its full capacity, it shall be disposed along with the organic waste in the Vallam Town Panchayat MSW disposal facility, which will cause no harm to the surrounding environment.

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41. The number of families to be relocated is 969 (refer Table 2), however, as a buffer to accommodate more families under unavoidable circumstances, 969 residential units has been proposed. This subproject will have 13 blocks of G+5 structures, the average plinth area is 37.38 m2. Total Plinth area of the residential buildings is 37,034.60 m2 and the total built-up of other amenities is 1410.40 m2. The infrastructure built-up area is estimated to be 1410.40 m2. Plinth area details of the residential units are presented in Table 12 and built-up area details of the buildings at the resettlement site are presented in Table 13.

Table 12. Plinth Area Details of Proposed Residential Units at the Resettlement Site No. of Total No. of Units in Plinth Area per Plinth Area per Total Plinth Area Block Type Floors each block Unit (m2) Floor (m2) of the block (m2) A (A1 to A7) 5 96 (672 for 7 blocks) 38.46 4251.94 25846.80 B (B1 to B4) 5 48(192 for 4 blocks) 37.69 1190.16 7236.00 C 5 60 37.14 2204.58 2228.40 D 5 45 38.11 1821.42 1723.40 Total 969 37,034.60 Source: TNSCB Drawing

Figure 4. Photograph of the Resettlement Site

Table 13. Built-up Area Details of the Buildings at the Resettlement Site Sl. No. Building Built-up Area (m2) 1 Residential Buildings 37,034.60 2 Other Amenities 2.1 Health sub centre 106.00 2.2 Community Hall 400.36 2.3 C-Shop and Milk Booth and Ration shop 428.98 2.4 Anganwadi and library 463.96 2.5 Security Office 7.50 2.6 Motor Room 3.60 Total 1,410.40 Source: TNSCB Drawing 29

42. Proposed conceptual site plan for the resettlement site is shown in Figure 5. Total area of resettlement site is estimated to be 2.90 ha. Split up of land use is given in Table 13.

Figure 5. Proposed Master Plan of Vallam Resettlement Site

Source: TNSCB Drawing

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Figure 6: Proposed Sewer Line and STP

Source: TNSCB Drawing

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Figure 7: Proposed Storm Water Drain

Source: TNSCB Drawing

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Figure 8: Proposed Water Supply Line

Source: TNSCB Drawing

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Figure 9: Proposed Green Belt Area

Source: TNSCB Drawing

Table 14. Proposed Land use of the Resettlement Area Sl. no Description Area (%) Area (m2) Area (ha) 1. Residential 23.03 5845.62 0.584562 2. OSR 10.04 2784.93 0.278493 3. Green Belt 16.45 4561.58 0.456158

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Sl. no Description Area (%) Area (m2) Area (ha) 4. Public Purpose 20.44 6212.48 0.621248 5. Internal Roads 22.64 6280.61 0.628061 6. Vehicular parking 7.4 2052 0.2052 Total Area 100.00 27737.22 2.77 Source: TNSCB Drawings 43. Based on consultations, the design requirement for the communities have been identified and accordingly TNSCB with ADB assistance have engaged consultants in the preparation of master plan for the Vallam resettlement site. As per the concept master plan, the following infrastructure has been proposed at the resettlement site.

Table 15. Subproject Interventions at the Resettlement Site Subproject Component Subproject Interventions Construction of 969  Residential Units residential units and  Internal Roads supporting services  Vehicular Parking  Ration Shop  Convenient Shop  Milk Booth  Library  Security Office  Motor Room  Anganwadi centre  Community Hall  Health sub centre  Open Space Reserve  Sewage Treatment Plant  Electric Power supply  Water Supply  Solid Waste Management  Rainwater Harvesting  Solar Powered Street Lights Source: TNSCB Drawings

44. Power Requirement. The power requirement during the project construction will be met through power generators (ranging between 5kW to 200kW). The generators having emission under control certificates will be permitted in the construction site. The power requirement during operation is about 1063 KW and it will provided by Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO) (refer to Appendix 6 for Acknowledgement from TANGEDCO for the supply of electricity to the resettlement site) via 11 kV lines and the final electrification to buildings (including residential units) will be 11/0.4 kV distribution transformers within the premises with an end user connection voltage of 240V. Street lights will be solar powered, providing an energy saving of approximately 6 kW.

Table 16. Power Requirement at the Resettlement Site Sl. no Particulars Quantity Unit 1 Residential Use No. of residential units proposed 969 Nos. Power requirement per residential unit (Assuming 1 kW per 1 969 kW residential unit) 2 Pump Room 35

Sl. no Particulars Quantity Unit No. of Pump Rooms 3 Nos. Power requirement for the Pump Room (Assuming 6 kW per Pump 18 kW Room) 3 STP Power requirement for STP in the range of 65 kW to 80 kW 70 kW 4 Street Light No. of street lights 120 Nos. Power required for the street lights (Assuming 50 W per Street Lamp) 6 kW Total Power Requirement 1063 kW Source: Conceptual Plan

45. In the event of power outage, it is proposed to have a Diesel Generator (DG Set) of 80 KVA, 415V, 3 Phase, 50 Hz @ 1500 RPM. As per the TNPCB norms sufficient height for the stack shall be maintained. For 80 KVA DG capacity, the height of the stack should be 2 m from the height of the building (Height of the building +2 m).

46. Water Requirement and Supply. The total water requirement during construction is estimated to be 100L/Day, the source of water for construction shall be arranged by the Contractor through the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat or the TWAD. The total water requirement during operation is estimated to be 676 KLD (including a buffer), which shall be supplied by the TWAD and relevant calculations can be found in Table 17 (Refer Appendix 10 for the acknowledgement issued by the TWAD for the supply of water). The water will be sourced from pumping main near Manakkarambai Village, which is located at a distance of 18 km from the Vallam resettlement site.

47. The wastewater generation from the project is estimated to be about 580.8KLD, which will be treated in a proposed Sewage Treatment Plant (STP)14 with a capacity of 676 KLD. Treated wastewater will be reused for flushing and gardening. The assumptions for estimating the water requirement is given in the following table.

Table 17: Water Requirement at the Resettlement Site S. No. Project Components No. of Occupancy Rate @ Total Occupancy Units (Nos.) 1 Residential unit 969 5 persons per unit 4845 2 Floating - 10% of the Total 485 Population Residential population 3 Convenience shop 2 5 10 4 Ration shop 1 5 5 5 ICDS 1 40 40 6 Staff & Visitors for ICDS 1 10% of the Total 4 Residential population 7 Anganvadi & Milk Booth 1 40 40 8 Staff & Visitors for Anganvadi 1 10% of the Total 4 & Milk Residential population Booth 9 Community hall 2 100 Persons per unit 200 10 Livelihood centre 2 75 persons per unit 150

14 The technology for the STP shall be selected based the suggestions from the SEIAA. However, it is proposed to have a STP having SBR technology.

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S. No. Project Components No. of Occupancy Rate @ Total Occupancy Units (Nos.) 11 Library 1 20 persons 20 12 Health Care Centre 1 5 5 Total Occupancy 5808 As per the National Commission on Integrated Water Resources Development 5808*100=5,80,800 (NCIWRD) norms rural area shall be provided with 75 to 150 Litre Per Capita Litres (580.8KLD) Per Day (LPCD) have been recommended for the year 2025 and 2050. For this subproject 100 lpcd has been proposed. Hence the estimated water requirement is 0.58 MLD. Green area Development/ landscaping Area for Green area development (4363.19 m2) × 3.5 lts/ m2 15271.16 15.27 Rounded 15.5 Source: Conceptual Plan, TNSCB

48. The water supply for domestic purposes (676 KLD) shall be provided by the TWAD Board. For the wastewater generated from the resettlement site a 600 KLD (0.6 MLD) capacity STP with SBR technology has been proposed. The SBR will have two reactors for treating wastewater. The STP process flow chart and SBR structure is given in Figure 11. Nearly 100 KLD of treated water will be used for green belt area/ landscaping purposes. From the remaining 500 KLD, nearly 35% of the treated water (after ultra-filtration) will be recycled for flushing and gardening purposes with the remaining 65% to be disposed into the rainwater harvesting pits for groundwater recharge and Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat has also given consent for collection and disposal of treated sewage water. 37

Figure 10: STP Process Flow Diagram and SBR Structure – Water Balance for Vallam Resettlement Site

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49. Rainwater Harvesting Structures. As per the Government of Tamil Nadu requirements, amendments made to Section 215 (a) of the Tamil Nadu District Municipalities Act, 1920 and Building Rules 1973, have made it mandatory to provide Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) structures in all new buildings. In view of this, and as per the conditions given by the SEIAA on the Environmental Clearance obtained for the Vallam Resettlement site, TNSCB have designed 13 RWH structures/pits and with rainwater harvesting trenches in the project area. The following sections will detail the assumptions and estimations that underpin the design.

(i) Rainwater volume estimation (a) As per the secondary information (refer Chapter 4 Description of the Environment) the project district receives annual rainfall of 939 mm (b) The rainfall intensity has been estimated to be 2.57 mm / day (c) The total built-up area is worked out to be 27410.70 m2 (d) Assuming the coefficient of runoff (c) to be 0.90 for concrete surface area, it is expected that Q=c.i.a= 0.90 x 2.57 x 27410.70= 62.87m3/day

50. Based on the estimated rainwater volume, 13 RWH structures / pits and 1,111 m of rainwater trenches are proposed. The design specifications for the RWH are as follows: 39

(ii) Rainwater Harvesting Structure. It is proposed to construct 13 RWH structure/pits with a diameter of 1.2m (clear) and height of 2.40m. Each residential block will be connected to the RWH structure/pit. (a) The total volume of rainwater that can be collected by a RWH structure/ pit is estimated to be 2.71 m3, hence 13 RWH structures/ pits will collect 35.23 m3 of rainwater. The structure of the RWH is shown in the Figure 11.

(iii) Rainwater Harvesting Trenches. The resettlement site will be provided with 1111m of rainwater harvesting trenches along the perimeter of the site. The trench will be 1 m wide Figure 11: Rainwater Harvesting Structure by 1.5 m deep filled with pebbles. The volume of rainwater that can be collected in the trench is estimated to be 1666.50m3.

(iv) Paver block all-around the buildings. It is proposed to provide paver block for the walkway, parking area and surrounding the buildings above a filling of 45 cm. The gaps between the paver block will not be sealed, which will allow the rainwater to percolate further into the ground. The total area of the paver block is estimated to be 4726 m2. The volume of rainwater that can be collected by this system is estimated to be 2126.70 m3.

Sl.no Infrastructure Quantity Volume of rainwater that can be Collected 1. Rainwater Harvesting Structures/Pits 13 nos 35.23 m3 2. Rainwater Harvesting Trenches 1111 m 1666.50 m3 3. Paver block all-around the buildings 4726 m2 2126.70 m3 Total 3828.43 m3 = 38.3 Lakh Litres Source: TNSCB 51. Green area development/ landscaping. It is proposed to have landscaping in an area of around 4363.19 m2, which constitutes 15.04% of the total area. The allocated green space is indicated in the following figure. It is estimated that 15.5KLD of water is required for landscaping purposes which shall be met through usage of the treated water. The master plan presented in Figure 5 shows the green areas proposed at the resettlement site.

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52. Solid Waste Management. Wastes generated from the households will be segregated into bio-degradable waste and non-biodegradable waste at the source itself (by the occupants) in separate bins. The wastes from such bins will be collected separately on daily basis and taken to a separate centralized collection facility by the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat dealing with collection and disposal of garbage (refer Appendix 8). It is also estimated to generate 165kg of sludge waste per day from the STP. This sludge is considered a hazardous waste without treatment. Hence a sludge digester with a digestion tank will be provided in the STP. This will treat the sludge into a dry form, which will be pathogen free. A sludge drying bed with an area of 78.67 m2 has been earmarked for drying and storage of treated sludge. The treated sludge from the STP will be stored in the sludge drying bed to its maximum capacity, once full capacity is reached, the sludge will be disposed along with the organic waste and it will be collected by the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat (refer Appendix 9). The following table illustrates the quantity of solid waste likely to be generated during the operation phase.

Table 18. Solid Waste Generation at the Resettlement Site Sl. Solid water Occupancy Per capita Total Solid Total Total Non- no generation load Generation waste Biodegrada Biodegradable sources (kg/day) generation ble Waste Waste (kg/day) (kg/day) (kg/day) 1 Residential 4845 0.6 2907 1744 1163 Units 2 Visitors/ floating population 484 0.2 97 58 39 (including the staffs) 3 ICDS 40 0.2 8 4.8 3.2 4 Staff and Visitors 5 0.2 1 0.6 0.4 (ICDS) 5 Ration Shop 5 0.2 1 0.6 0.4 6 Convenience 20 0.2 4 2.4 1.6 Shop 7 Milk Booth 0.25 0.2 1 0.6 0.4 8 Community 100 0.2 20 12 8 Hall 9 Livelihood 80 0.2 16 9.6 6.4 Centre 10 Library 2 0.2 0.4 0.24 0.16 11 Health Care 5 0.2 1 0.6 0.4 12 Visitors (LC, 20 0.2 4 2.4 1.6 LIB & HC) 13 STP Sludge - - 165.0 165.0 0 Total 3225.4 2000.84 1224.56 Source: Conceptual Plan

53. Approach Road. The approach road and internal roads have been designed for 3.66m width (two lane) which shall have earthen shoulders. The road configuration shall have sand gravel mix (150mm thickness), Grade II and III water bound macadam (WBM) of 75mm each, which is followed by 20mm premix carpet.

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Figure 12. Typical Cross Section for Approach Road and Internal Roads

54. The proposed unit plan and details with respect to the blocks and other amenities are detailed in the conceptual site plan presented as Figure 5.

C. Proposed Subproject Interventions at the Encroachment Sites Identified for Relocation

55. The following table depicts the proposed interventions for the encroachment sites and the water bodies.

Sl.no Subproject Subproject Interventions 1 Demolishing structures  Demolition of 969 structures located in the 4 located in the Encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) encroachment sites  Fencing to prevent further encroachment (prone to flooding)  Clearance 2 Water body regeneration  Clearance  Restoration of water body / Canal, which were encroached  Desilting of the water body/ canal to restore the water storage capacity  Restoring the catchment area  Provision for public parks/ recreation areas as per the community’s requirement  Avenue plantation/ landscaping

56. Existing condition of the encroachment sites identified for relocation. All the identified encroachment sites (Mela alangam, Vadakku alangam, Kodimarathumoolai and Sekkaditheru) comes under Big Temple Moat site located in the embankment of the water body/ canal in Thanjavur Municipal Corporation. The water body/ canal is encroached by the slum dwellers. Coordinates of the encroachment sites are provided in Table 2 in Chapter 1. A survey has been conducted at all the sites identified for relocation. The observations from the sites are presented in the following table.

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Table 19. Existing Condition of the Slum Sites Identified for Relocation Sl.no Location Observations Site Photographs 1 Sekkadi theru, (i) Encroachments are (10.79025 N, located closed to the 79.127403 E) water body/ canal in an unhygienic condition (ii) Encroachers are not having patta (iii) Filling materials has been used for extending the encroachment area in the

water body/ canal (iv) Drinking water supply is provided by the Thanjavur Municipal Corporation (v) Thanjavur Municipal Corporation is removing municipal solid waste generated in the encroachment area (vi) Toilet waste water is directly let into the water 2 Mela alangam body/ canal. (10.79127 N, (vii) Prone to Vector borne 79.127303 E) diseases (viii) It is informed by the locals that the area is not submerged/ flooded during rainy / monsoon season. However, the Taluk Office, Thanjavur, have declared the encroachment sites is vulnerable for flooding (ix) Public toilet facility is not available (x) Hospitals and schools are located at a distance of 2 3 Vadakku to 3km radius alangam (xi) Thanjavur Municipal (10.79568 N, Corporation is supplying 79.133864 E) potable water. At some locations even bore well facility has been provided (xii) The nearest Eco sensitive locations are o Vaduvoor Bird sanctuary, which is located at an aerial distance of 26.4km o Karavetti Bird Sanctuary, which is located at an aerial distance of 27km

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Sl.no Location Observations Site Photographs 4 Kodimarathu (xiii) The resettlement site Moolai (Vallam) is located at a (10.79542 N, distance of 11.1km by 79.137421 E) road.

57. Demolition Works. The 4 encroachment sites are having 969 structures/ dwelling units, which will be demolished manually. The demolished waste shall be disposed in the location identified by the Thanjavur Municipal Corporation. The evicted area shall be fenced, and a monitoring mechanism will be in place to prevent further encroachment. Further revision in the estimated dwelling units in the encroachment sites or change in the approach toward the demolishing activities should be reflected in the IEE and accordingly the EMP also has to be revised. 58. Regeneration Works. The catchment area of the water body/ canal, which was encroached shall be regenerated and restored. In addition, the inlet to the water body shall be cleared of obstructions and deepening of the water body shall be done. Based on the assessment, enhancement measures like provision of walkway, recreation area, public park area, children play area shall be explored to make the water body usable to the public. The enhancement measures shall be identified based on the public consultations. 59. Climate Resilience Measures. A study on the Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (CRVA) for the IRSHUPSP has been conducted for Climate Risks, Climate Adaptation and Climate Finance. As per the study the resettlement site (Vallam) does not have physical constraints such as river flooding, urban flooding and wildfire. This is due to the resettlement site being located away from major rivers and as the site is a dry open area that is relatively flat with little or no vegetation. However, the site is vulnerable for tropical cyclones. As per the proposed layout, the Vallam resettlement site is designed to have more open space and includes: green belt (16.45%), Thermal building comfort, Energy infrastructure (proposed saving of 10 to 15% of energy), waste water recycling (around 34%), Rain water harvesting, storm water drainage and green belt around the site which contributes to sustainable building credentials. The suggested adaptation measures or mitigation measures are as follows: (i) Water Supply (a) Level of consumption of water may be lowered further using more water efficient appliances, taps, and showerheads; (b) Use drought-tolerant plants to reduce the need for watering the landscaping, increasing water efficiency; (c) Community-based messaging/campaigns to promote water efficiency; (d) To use swales and ponds on parts of the site for effective rainwater harvesting; and

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(e) To incorporate natural drainage channels and lakes into storm water management plan. (ii) Provision of green space (a) Explore improved shading opportunities for community recreation areas, market and milk booth (iii) Roads and pavement areas (a) Reduce area of impermeable surfaces to minimise run-off. (b) Use of pavement materials to ensure resilience to extreme temperatures. (c) Use of permeable materials that provide additional cooling benefits.

60. Project Implementation Schedule. The construction period for Vallam resettlement site is expected to take 24 months, which will be followed by 5 years of maintenance period. The expected construction schedule can be seen in Figure 13. For demolition works the scheduled time period will be 6 months and for water body regeneration works the scheduled timeframe varies with respect to the type of proposal (water body beautification, embankment strengthening, restoring the catchment area etc.), from the ULB or Municipality. However, based on standard routine activities for water body regeneration works it is expected to take between 6 months to 12 months. Figure 13: Construction Schedule Bar Chart

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IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (BASELINE DATA)

A. Area of impact 61. The primary areas of impact are (i) sites for proposed project components; (ii) main routes/intersections which will be traversed by construction vehicles; and (iii) quarries and borrow pits as sources of construction materials. The secondary areas of impact are: (i) other than the delineated primary impact area; and (ii) new resettlement site (Vallam). B. Methodology used for Environment Baseline Study 62. Data collection and stakeholder consultations. Data for this study has been primarily collected through comprehensive literature survey, discussion with TNSCB, and field visits to the proposed subproject sites. The literature survey has broadly covered the following:

(i) Project details, reports, maps and other documents prepared by TNSCB; (ii) Discussions with technical experts of the ADB team, TNSCB, and other relevant government agencies; (iii) Secondary data from project reports and published articles; and (iv) Literature on land use, soil, geology, hydrology, climate, socioeconomic profiles, and other planning documents collected from government agencies and websites. 63. Ocular inspection. Several visits to the project sites were made during IEE preparation to assess the existing environment (physical, biological, and socioeconomic) and gather information with regard to the proposed sites and scale of the proposed project. A separate socioeconomic study was conducted to determine the demographic information, existing service levels, stakeholder needs and priorities. C. Physical Environment

a) Location, Area and Connectivity

64. Vallam (Ayyanar Koil Phase 2) resettlement site is located in Thanjavur Revenue Village of Thanjavur Taluk in Thanjavur District in Tamil Nadu. The geo coordinates of Vallam are 10°43’29.56”N, 79° 4’14.25”E. It is positioned in Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat, in the outskirts of Thanjavur Town. The resettlement site is surrounded by vacant area in the northern direction, a small settlement (less than 50m) in the Eastern direction, vacant area and NH 67 in the southern direction and Phase – 1 TNSCB apartments in the Western direction (located at a distance of 20m). Total area of the resettlement site is 27,700 m2 (2.77 ha). The land is owned by Revenue Department, GoTN. Enter Upon permission is given to the TNSCB (Appendix 1). The Big Temple Moat encroachment identified for relocation is located within the boundaries of Thanjavur Municipal Corporation. Coordinates of the slum is given in Table 2 in Chapter 1. Brihadeeswara Temple is located near to the encroachment sites.

65. The resettlement site is well connected by the presence of National Highway 67 (Tiruchirappalli to Nagapattinam) and State Highway 99A. Other interior roads also connect the Resettlement site with Thanjavur Town. The 4 encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) to be relocated is located within the Thanjavur Town and hence well connected by road network. Thanjavur new bus stand is located 5.37km from the Vallam resettlement site. Nearest railways station to the resettlement site is Alakkudi, at a distance of 6.16 km, however, most of the train’s stops at Thanjavur Railway station, which is located 9.3km away from the Vallam resettlement site. Nearest airport is at Tiruchirappalli, 38.2 km away.

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Figure 14. Maps Showing Project Area, ASI Monument (Brihadishvara Temple and Thanjavur Palace) & Encroachment site and Vallam Resettlement Site

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Source: Google earth Image b) Topography, Soils and Geology

66. Thanjavur district is essentially a deltaic terrain with occasional residual hills ranging in elevation between 25 and 45 meters in the western part popularly known as the Vallam table land. It is sloping gently towards the east. The elevation in the resettlement site ranges from 26m to 28m. The various in the elevation is due to the quarry operations, which had led to an undulating terrain.

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67. Alluvial soil in the Cauvery delta and Sandy soil in Coastal area are the predominant soil types. The soil type, the climate and rainfall best suit the paddy crop and so the district stands as the rice bowl of Tamil Nadu since ancient days.

68. The geological formation of Thanjavur district is made up of cretaceous, Tertiary and Alluvial deposits and the major area is occupied by the alluvial and tertiary deposits. The cretaceous formations occur as a small patch in West and South-West of Vallam. These formations have a very thick laterite cap consisting of impure lime stones and sand stones of silt, clay calcarious and argillaceous variety, in the coast, these formations are overlaid by Cuddalore sand stone of tertiary age. These sand stones are covered by a thin layer of wind brown sandy clays, unconsolidated sand, clay bound sands and mottled clays with the lignite seams. Source: Bhuvan This tertiary formation is Figure 15. Geomorphology of the Project area invariably capped by laterite. In the east, the alluvial deposits of the river Cauvery and its tributaries lie over the Tertiary sand stone. They consist of sands, gravelly sands, clays and sandy clays. The thickness of these formations ranges from 30m to 400m Sand and Red Earth is the major mineral found in Thanjavur District. c) Climate and Rainfall

69. Thanjavur district enjoys a tropical, monsoon climate. According to International Zonal Classification by Rengranlous and Gaussen, the district falls under “Class 3 tropical bioclimate” which has been further classified by Legris and Virat under 36th medium tropical category is characterized by monthly temperature always above 27ºC with total annual rainfall varying from 500 mm to 1500 mm with a dry period of 5 to 6 months.

Table 20. Climate and Rainfall Information for Thanjavur District (2018) Months Temperature in (C) Rainfall in (mm) Humidity in (%) January 31.0 24.5 75.8 February 33.1 0.03 74.7 March 32.1 32.1 75.9 April 36.5 55.2 69.2 May 39.0 27.9 60.6 June 37.5 15.8 64.3 July 36.6 95.5 61.9 August 35.5 142.1 66.6 49

Months Temperature in (C) Rainfall in (mm) Humidity in (%) September 35.1 87.9 69.6 October 33.3 36.1 77.0 November 31.2 451.4 78.4 December 29.0 322.0 83.5 Source: Department of Economics and Statistics, Chennai Figure 16. Average Annual Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall

Source: Department of Economics and Statistics, Chennai 70. The temperature rises slowly to maximum during summer season in the month of May then it reduces gradually. The mean maximum temperature ranges from 30°C to 37°C, and the mean minimum temperature from 20°C to 28.45°C. The relative humidity varies between 70 and 85 percent, highest occurs during the months of December to January and the lowest during the month of June. 71. The annual normal rainfall varies partially from 1179 mm (Lower Anaicut) to 763 mm (Budalur). The rainfall is high on the eastern part of the district compared to the western part. The district receives major portion of its annual rainfall during north-eastern monsoon (October to December). A moderate amount of rainfall is received during the southeast monsoon period (January to September). Since the northeast monsoon rainfall is dominating, its effect is felt on the eastern part of the district ( (698 mm), Aduthurai (611 mm), Lower Anicut (706 mm)). The intensity decreases gradually towards west and the western most part of the district ( (387 mm), Budalur (377 mm)). The city of Thanjavur experiences heavy rain of about 111.37 cm during the rainy season. The rainfall in the coastal area is heavy because of cyclonic storms and depressions formed in the Bay of Bengal. d) Drainage System

72. The district is a part of delta formed by Cauvery River. It has gentle slope towards east and southeast. The Kollidam River forms the northern boundary and flow from west to east. The Grand Anaicut is located at the western boundary, at this point Cauvery splits into Cauvery and Vennar. A regulator at Tirukkatupalli splits Cauvery into Cauvery and Kodamurti rivers. At Thenperumbur anaicut Vennar splits into Vennar and Vettar. In addition to these, the rivers split into many streams before reaching the Bay of Bengal.

50 a) Seismicity

73. Bureau of Indian Standards, based on the past seismic history, grouped the country into four seismic zones, viz. Zone-II, -III, - IV and –V. Of these, Zone V is the most seismically active region, while Zone II is the least. Vallam resettlement site and the 4 encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) to be relocated are located in Low Damage Risk Zone II and as per the Modified Mercalli (MM) intensity scale, which measures the impact of the earthquakes on the surface of the earth, the project region is in MSK

VI or less which indicates low Source: bureau of Indian standards intensity. Figure 17. Project Area in Seismic Zones Map b) Irrigation and Hydrology

74. Thanjavur district is essentially a deltaic plain comprising of old and new delta. The old delta has a network of canals and channels of the river Cauvery and Vennar. Upper portion of this new delta area is irrigated by Grant Anaicut canal. Tapping of ground water is done considerably in this area to advance the first cropping season Kuruvai to avoid damage due to North East monsoon and to accommodate the two crops namely Kuruvai and Thaladi. The drain pattern in the Vallam (resettlement site) shows a slope towards north direction, where the drains gets connected with Vennar River. c) Land Use Source: Bhuvan Figure 18. Hydrology Map of the Project Area 75. The landuse pattern of the project area (Vallam resettlement site and 4 encroachment sites in the Big Temple Moat to be relocated in Thanjavur Municipal Corporation) has been 51 assessed using Bhuvan15 landuse map. The slum is located in urban built-up area. The resettlement site is located in Barren\uncultivable\waste land.

Source: Bhuvan

Source: Google Earth Image Figure 19. Landuse Pattern (Bhuvan Landuse map and Google earth image) of the Subproject Area

15 Bhuvan, is an Indian web-based utility which allows users to explore a set of map-based content prepared by Indian Space Research Organisation.

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d) Surface Water

76. Cauvery River traverses through Thanjavur District, as part of the routine surface water quality monitoring under the MINARS program, various sampling locations has been fixed across the river. The Grand Anaicut and Coleroon sampling locations falls within the Thanjavur District. The outcome of the analysis is given in the Table 21. In comparison with the surface water quality standard (IS 2296:1992), the water quality in Grand Anaicut has been classified under class E, which is suitable for Irrigation, Industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal and the water quality in Coleroon has been classified under class B, which is suitable for Outdoor bathing (organised). As a pre-construction requirement, the Contractor shall conduct surface water quality monitoring and the outcome/ results have to be included in the final IEE under the baseline chapter. The monitored results shall be taken as a benchmark for performing further monitoring during the construction and operation stages.

Table 21. Cauvery River Water Quality-(MINARS - January – 2019) Sl. No. Parameters Units Grand Anaicut Coleroon 1. DO mg/l 2.5 6.5 2. pH 8.1 8.3 3. EC mhos/ cm 815 10560 4. BOD at 27°C mg/l 17 <2 5. Nitrate mg/l 0.400 2.430 6. Nitrite mg/l 0.018 0.423 7. Turbidity NTU 16 20 8. Total Alkalinity mg/l 196 402 9. Chloride mg/l 110 3349 10. COD mg/l 48 352 11. Nitrogen mg/l 6 7 12. Ammonia mg/l 2 3 13. CaCO3 mg/l 232 1180 14. Calcium Hardness mg/l 46 100 15. Magnesium Hardness mg/l 28 226 16. Sulphate mg/l 30 214 17. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 572 6144 18. Total Suspended Solids mg/l 24 40 19. Phosphate mg/l 0.412 0.796 20. Boron mg/l <0.002 <0.002 21. Potassium mg/l 12 55 22. Fluoride mg/l 1.1 0.7 23. Fecal Coliform MPN/ 100 ml 350 110 24. Total Coliform MPN/ 100 ml 1600 260 MPN-Most Probable Number DBU Class-Designated Best Use A- Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection B - Outdoor bathing (organised) C - Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection D-Propagation of wild life and fisheries E -Irrigation, Industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal Below E Not meeting A,B,C,D & E Criteria Source: Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board.

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e) Groundwater 77. The stage of groundwater development in the district is in the range of 18 to 160%. The groundwater development is minimum in Budalur block and it is maximum in Thiruvidaimaruthur block. The resettlement area (Vallam) is located near to Budalur block and the slum site Big temple moat), chosen for relocation is located in . However, ground water development in various parts of the district is not uniform or homogeneous. The following table depicts the groundwater development in Thanjavur. Table 22. Groundwater development in Thanjavur District Blocks Net Ground Existing Existing Existing Allocation for Net ground Stage of Category water Gross Gross draft Gross domestic and water ground water of block availability Draft for for domestic draft for industrial availability development (Ha. m.) irrigation and industrial all uses requirement for future (%) (Ha. m) water supply (Ha. m) supply up to irrigation (Ha. M) next 25 years development (Ha. m) (Ha. m) Budalur 7081.58 1094.35 186.18 1280.53 192.34 5794.89 18 Safe Thanjavur 10453.48 4086.78 285.92 4372.7 295.38 6071.31 42 Safe Source: CGWB, Thanjavur District Brochure 78. As per the information collected from the National Remote Sensing Centre (BHUVAN), Vallam resettlement site is located in SAFE zone, less than 30m deep well is sufficient to yield 300 to 400 LPM. The Big temple moat encroachment sites (site chosen for relocation) shows more than 80m deep well is required for 20 to 30 LPM yield of groundwater (Refer Figure 15). As an enhancement measure, rainwater harvesting structures for groundwater recharging are proposed at the resettlement site. 79. As per the CGWB groundwater analysis, the groundwater quality of phreatic aquifers in Thanjavur district is, in general, colorless, odorless, and slightly alkaline nature. The electrical conductivity of ground water in phreatic zone during May 2006 was in the range of 279 to 12250 µS/cm and major parts are having the electrical conductivity below 1500 µS/cm at 25°C. It is observed that the ground water is suitable for drinking and domestic uses in respect of all constituents except total hardness, sulphate and nitrate. Around 50 percent samples are having higher concentration of NO3 than the BIS permissible limit. The incidence of high total hardness of attributed to the composition of lithounits constituting the aquifer in the district, whereas the nitrate pollution is more likely due to the use of fertilizers for agriculture. With regards to irrigation suitability based on specific electrical conductance and Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), it observed that ground water in the phreatic zone, may cause medium to high salinity and alkali hazard. Proper soil management strategies are to be adopted while using ground water for irrigation. As a pre-construction requirement, the Contractor shall conduct groundwater quality monitoring and the outcome/ results have to be included in the final IEE under the baseline chapter. The monitored results shall be taken as a benchmark for performing further monitoring during the construction and operation stages

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Figure 20. Groundwater Prospects for the Project Area

Source: Bhuvan f) Ambient Air Quality and Noise Levels

80. Regular monitoring for ambient air quality and noise levels are not conducted by the TNPCB in Thanjavur. However, the air quality information given in the EIA report for the construction of the Vallam bypass (2014) and its surrounding areas, which is located at a distance of 100 m from the Vallam resettlement site has been taken for discussion. The data shows the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen in the ambient air is well below the ambient air quality standards, however, particular matters (PM10 and PM2.5) are above the standard level. Dry weather conditions coupled with poor road surface and traffic contribute to the high particulate matter in ambient air. The observed values for particulate matter is higher in comparison with WHO air quality standard.

Table 23: Ambient Air Quality in Thanjavur Parameters, mg / m3 Sampling Location PM10 PM2.5 NOx SO2 Vallam Bypass 123 65 15 15 Sastra University 112 51 16 11 Assur Industrial Area 255 104 23 17 NAAQ Standard 100 60 80 80 Source: EIA – 6 lane widening in Trichy to Nagapattinam Highways (NH 67) 55

81. Ambient noise levels are observed to be within the noise quality standards. However, in comparison with World Bank Group’s Environmental, Health and Safety Noise Level Guidelines, it is observed that the day time noise levels exceeds the stipulated limits of 70 (dB(A)) at Assur Industrial area. Table 24: Ambient Noise Levels in Thanjavur Sl.no Location Leq Day Time Leq Night Time 1 Vallam Bypass (commercial) 62.4 53.2 2 Sastra University (Sensitive/ residential) 53.2 42.8 3 Assur Industrial Area (Industrial) 72.1 62.7 Noise quality Standard Residential 55 45 Commercial 65 55 Industrial 75 70 Source: EIA – 6 lane widening in Trichy to Nagapattinam Highways (NH 67) D. Biological Environment 82. Thanjavur district is very poor in forest wealth. The total forest area of the district is about 1255 ha which represents 0.38 per cent of total area of this district. The forest department have taken initiative for extending the forest areas. According to the latest figures (2015) of the Forest Department, the extent of forests is as follows: Table 25: Forest Area in Thanjavur District Sl.no Forest Type Forest area (ha) 1 Reserved Forests 3836.03 2 Unclassified Forests Nil 3 Reserved Lands 68.545 Source: ENVIS, Thanjavur District

83. In Thanjavur district, there are no typical mangrove forests. The vegetation found along the coast comprises mostly Herbs and shrubs, the important species among them are given below. Sl.no Local Name Binomial nomenclature 1 Umari Suaeda maritima 2 Seetha pavalam Salicornia brachiata 3 Yanai nerunji Pedalium murese 4 Mookaratti Boerhavia diffusa 5 Kalapaai kizhangu Gloriosa superba 6 Kandan kathiri Solanum surattense 7 Kudhirai kulambu Ipomoea pescaprae 8 Ravanan misai Spinifex littoralis Source: ENVIS, Thanjavur District

84. Other common Flora and Faunal species observed in the forest areas are given in the following table. Table 26: Common Flora and Fauna Species in the Forest Area Sl.no Scientific Name Family Local name Trees 1 Cassia siamea Caesalpinaceae Manjalkonrai 2 Carica papaya Caricaceae Pappalli 3 Cocos nucifera Arecaceae Thennai 4 Delonix regia Fabaceae Mayilkonrai

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Sl.no Scientific Name Family Local name 5 Ficus religiosa Moraceae Arasamaram Herbs 6 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae Cem-mulli 7 Boerheavia diffusa Nyctaginaceae Pig weed, mukkarattaikeerai 8 Bougainvillea spectabilis Nyctaginaceae Kaakithapoo 9 Alternanthera pungens Amaranthaceae Ponnanganni Shrub 10 Calotropis gingantea Asclepiadaceae Erukku 11 Cassia auriculata Fabaceae Avarai Climber 12 Cissus quadrangularis Vitaceae Pirandi 13 Cocculus hirsutus Menispermaceae Broom, creeper, kattukkodi 14 Cucumis sativus Cucurbitaceae Cucumber Mammals 15 Felis chaus Felidae Katu Poonai 16 Prionailurus rubiginosus Felidae Pulli Poonai 17 Funambulus palmarum Sciuridae Anil Reptiles 18 Hemidactylus flaviviridis Gekkonidae Mara Palli 19 Lissemys punctate Trionychidae Maan Aamai 20 Mabuya carinata Scincidae Aranai 21 Naja naja Elapidae Nalla Phambu Birds 22 Acridotheres fuscus Sturnidae Myna 23 Athene brama Strigidae Andhai 24 Psittacula Krameri Psittaculidae Panchavarna Kili Source: Thanjavur District Forest Report

85. There are no protected areas, eco sensitive zones or ecologically sensitive areas notified by MoEF&CC within a radius of 10 km from the Vallam resettlement site. Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary is the nearest protected area to the project area, which is located at a distance of 26.4 km from the resettlement site. Next nearest protected area is Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, which is located at a distance of 27 km from the resettlement site. Figure 21 shows the location of Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary and Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary with respect to the project area. This figure also shows the landuse within 25 km of the subproject area. 86. Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary. It is located in Vaduvoor Lake, Mannargudi Taluk, Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu. Total land extent of the sanctuary is 128.10-hectare area. The sanctuary is about 25km from Thanjavur and 14km from Mannargudi on the Thanjavur-Kodiakkarai State Highway 63 (SH-63). It was created in the year 1999. The irrigation tank receives water from November to April every year which attracts a numerous foreign bird from Europe and America. The sanctuary attracts more than 40 species of water birds like the White Ibis, Painted stork, Grey Pelican, Pintails, Cormorants, Teals, Herons, Spoonbills, Darters, Coots, Open bill Storks, Pheasant–tailed Jacana etc. The Sanctuary is a favourite spot for the migratory birds and during the months of November and December more than 20,000 birds’ visits Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary.

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Figure 21. Location of Vaduvoor and Karaivetti Bird Sanctuaries

Source: Bhuvan 87. Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary. It is a 4.537 square-kilometre protected area located in the Ariyalur District, Tamil Nadu. The sanctuary is a large irrigation tank located in the northern alluvial plains of the Cauveri River. It is fed during the northeast monsoon by the Pullambadi canal. The sanctuary is about 25km from Thanjavur. This lake was declared as a sanctuary in the year 1999 by the Government of Tamil Nadu (Code No. IN268, Criteria: A1, A4i, A4iii). About 200 birds are species recorded from this sanctuary. Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary is home to migratory birds such as Bar-headed goose, Northern pintail, White Stork, Northern shoveler, Garganey, Blue-winged teal, Osprey and common sandpiper. During winter, the total number of birds recorded is between 20,000 and 60,000. Globally threatened species such as Greater Spotted Eagle, Oriental Darter, Black-headed ibis and Spot-billed Pelican were reported in this site. Karaivetti is one of the important active heronries in Tamil Nadu. Spot-billed Pelican, Black- headed ibis, Painted Stork, Oriental Darter, Eurasian Spoonbill are some of the bird’s species breeding in this sanctuary. Other fauna inhabit this region are Golden Jackal, Black-naped hare, Indian grey mongoose and nearly 15 species of fish were reported. 88. The Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT) study (refer Appendix 14), has been conducted for 5km, 15km and 25km radius surrounding the resettlement site to assess the construction related impacts on the biodiversity. The outcome of the IBAT analysis shows the Gulf of Mannar as the nearest sensitive area. This has been cross verified using Google Earth and observed that the Gulf of Mannar is located at distance of 180km and hence the IBAT outcome is not taken for further assessment.

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E. Socio-economic Environment a) Demographic Profile 89. Big temple moat encroachment sites is located in Thanjavur Municipal Corporation. As per Census 2011, Thanjavur Municipal Corporation has population of 222,943 of which 109,199 are males while 113,744 are females. Population of Children with age of 0 to 6 is 19,860 which is 8.91 % of total population of Thanjavur Municipal Corporation. Female Sex Ratio is of 1042 against state average of 996. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Thanjavur is around 940 compared to Tamil Nadu state average of 943. Literacy rate of Thanjavur city is 91.27% higher than state average of 80.09 %. In Thanjavur, Male literacy is around 94.8 % while female literacy rate is 87.92%. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 9.22% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0.21% of total population in Thanjavur Municipal Corporation. Out of total population, 78,005 were engaged in work16 or business activity. Of this 60,532 were males while 17,473 were females. Nearly 91.14% were engaged in Main Work while 8.86% of total workers were engaged in Marginal Work. 90. The resettlement site at Vallam is located in Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat. According to 2011 census. The Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat has population of 16,758 of which 7,812 are males while 8,946 are females. Population of Children with age of 0 to 6 is 1619 which is 9.66 % of total population. Female Sex Ratio is of 1145 against state average of 996. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Vallam is around 846 compared to Tamil Nadu state average of 943. Literacy rate of Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat is 89.02 % (Male literacy is around 93.51 % while female literacy rate is 85.21 %) higher than state average of 80.09 %. Out of total population, 5,374 were engaged in work or business activity. Of this 4,134 were males while 1,240 were females. Nearly 85.13 % were engaged in Main Work while 14.87 % of total workers were engaged in Marginal Work b) Socio-Economic Features 91. The economy of Thanjavur District is essentially from agriculture and allied sector. Above 75% of the workforce have been depending on agriculture. The district is a deltaic plain fed by Rivers Cauvery and River Vennar. Some portion is also fed by Grant Anaicut canal. Ground water has been regenerated considerably to advance the cropping season which may prone to damage during North East monsoon. The major crops cultivated here are Paddy, Pulses, Gingelly, Groundnut and sugarcane. Maize, Soya beans, Redgram are the minor crops grown here. 92. Thanjavur District is well known for its artistic activities like art making, painting, coin manufacturing and bell metal products. These are the major exportable items which also include musical instruments like Veena. The industrial growth in the district has been confined to agro- based industries. A large number of Rice mills, Oil mills and Sugar mills are spread over the district. 93. Thanjavur District is famous for many Handicrafts Items which are unique in characteristic at international level. The Handicraft skill is hereditary and confined to a few families in the District like Thanjavur, and Natchiarkoil. The Crafts include production of Handicraft items like Bronze Icons, Tanjore Art Plates, Tanjore paintings Bell Metal Lamps and Musical Instruments. 94. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is a major PSU nearby Thanjavur. Major industrial activities are BHEL ancillary units, Wind mill power fabrication, Coir yarn and allied activity, Modern rice mills, Stainless steel vessels production, Brick works, Printing presses etc.

16 In census survey, worker is defined as person who does business, job, service, and cultivator and labour activity 59

Coconut and Fabrication based activity have good potential at present Handlooms, Handicrafts goods making, Carpentry, etc., form major skill based activities c) Cultural and Heritage Sites 95. There is no cultural or heritage sites near the Vallam resettlement site. However, there are two heritage sites (Brihadeeswarar temple and a Place) located near to the big temple moat encroachment sites (site chosen for relocation). The Brihadeeswarar temple is located at a distance of 575m from Sekkadi and the Thanjavur palace is located at a distance of 182m from Kodimarathumoolai encroachment sites. 96. Brihadeeswarar temple. It is also called as Big Temple, is dedicated to Lord Siva. It was built by the great Chola King, Raja Raja I (985-1012 A.D). It is an outstanding example of Chola architecture. Recognizing its unique architectural excellence, UNESCO has declared it a World Heritage Monument. As per the AMASR Act 2010, the prevailing 300m (100m prohibited area and 200m regulated area) restriction surrounding the ASI monument may not be applicable as the slum site is located at a distance of nearly 400m. However during the site visit an old brick wall has been observed, for which TNSCB shall seek help from ASI for further clarifications. 97. Thanjavur Palace. Just 1 km away from the Brihadeeswarar Temple is a magnificent palace, surrounded by huge fort walls. Dating back to the 14th century A.D., it was built partly by the Nayaks and partly by the Marathas. The Maratha royal family resided in this palace. It is a fascinating building with huge corridors, spacious halls, decorated rooms, tall observation towers, beautiful stucco works, wonderful fresco painted walls and ceilings, an underground tunnel and intricate carvings. The royal family’s sacred “Chandramaulessshwarar Temple” is located within the palace walls.

Table 27: Details of Protected Monuments near the Subproject Sites Sl. Protected Location Distance from Distance from closest no Monument Resettlement site (in encroachment site (in km) km) Protected Monuments 1 Sadayar Koil Thiruchinam 22.7 16.0 poondi 2 Thanjavur Palace Thanjavur 10.3 0.18 (Koodimarathu moolai) 3 Brihadeshwara Thanjavur 8.9 0.57 Temple (Sekkaditheru) 4 Giant granary Tiruppalaithurai 31.6 22.8 5 Manora Sarabendraraja 56.9 60.6 pattinam 6 Arulmigu Manampadi 52.9 63.3 Naganathaswamy temple a – nearest (first) encroachment site in the Big Temple Moat Source: ASI and Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu

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Figure 22. Distance between encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) and the Monuments (Brihadeshwara Temple and Thanjavur Palace)

Source: Google earth 98. It is evident from the given information, that none of the protected monuments are in near vicinity to the resettlement site. However, the presence of the big temple (Brihadeshwara Temple) and the palace shall have marginal influence over the encroachment sites, which has to be clarified in discussion with the ASI and as per their suggestions/ recommendations, the EMP have to be updated and adopted during the demolishing activities proposed in the 4 encroachment sites.

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d) Infrastructure

99. Water Supply. Based on the population of Thanjavur, The demand of water supply is 30.05 MLD. Major sources of Water Supply is the Colleron River. The daily water supply is estimated to be 123 LPCD. The average distribution supply is 2 hours per day. There are 19 Nos of OHTs with 114.75 Lakh Liters Capacity, 142 Nos of Power Pumps and 219 Nos of Mini Power Pumps in Thanjavur Corporation Water Supply System. Thirumanur to Vennar Pumping Station Main Line Length is 19.00 Km. The total Distribution Line of this town is 334.70 Km. The number of House Service Connection 29,200.

100. Sewerage. Under Ground Sewage Scheme was sanctioned as per G.O. MS. No. 720 MAWS Department Dated 30th December 2000. It was commissioned and maintained by TWAD up to March 2015, then it has been handed over to Thanjavur Municipal Corporation. The Total Estimated Household Sewage Connection (HSC) is 30,000 sanctioned. Till date 27,889 connections has been provided. Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) is located in Samuthiram eri at an area of 42 acres. This treatment plant is designed for 28.05 MLD (ASP method). There are 5 Nos of Pumping Stations, 12 Nos of Lifting Stations, 10,059 Nos of Manholes, 258.79 km Length of UGD Sewer Line and 6.030 Km Length of Pumping Main are available in Thanjavur Municipal Corporation area.

101. Roads. Totally 302.441 km roads are being maintained by this Thanjavur Municipal Corporation consisting of 250.515 km of BT Road, 48.54 km of CC Road and 3.326 km of WBM Road. All the Roads are maintained by the Thanjavur Municipal Corporation under Tamil Nadu Urban Road Infrastructure Project (TURIP), SRP, Operation & Maintenance Global Financing Facility (GFF) and other Schemes.

102. Solid Waste Management. Total 124 MT garbage were generated per day in Thanjavur Municipal Corporation area/ zones. Out of which 116 MT garbage collected through Municipal Corporation Public Health Vehicles. The Corporation is having a compost yard with total area of 20.23 Acres for Solid Waste Management. 225 push carts were being engaged for primary collection of wastes and 20 heavy vehicle and 14 Autos were used for secondary collection. Construction of Sanitary Landfill project at compost yard is partially completed. Construction of New shed and windrows platform is completed. Bio-Methanitation project is completed and ready to put in use.

103. Transportation. The resettlement site (Vallam) is well connected to NH 67 and SH 99A. The Thanjavur Old Bus Stand is located at a distance of 10.5 km. Thanjavur New Bus Stand is located at a distance of 5.37km. Thanjavur railway station is located at a distance of 9.3km.

104. Hospitals. There are 37 hospitals and seven clinical labs in Thanjavur that take care of the health care needs of the citizens. Of which the Thanjavur Medical College is one of the prominent medical colleges in Tamil Nadu, India. It caters to the medical needs of districts of Thanjavur, Ariyalur, Nagapattinam, Tiruvarur, Perambalur and Pudukkottai.

105. Educational Institutions. Thanjavur has four universities including and several colleges including the Thanjavur Medical College and RVS Agricultural College. There are also many research centres, including the Paddy Processing Research Centre (Now Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology) and Soil and Water Research Centre and also have Agricultural college and research institute. Periyar Maniyammai University, Periyar Centenary Polytechnic College, Swami Vivekananda Institute of Management are located within 500m radius from the resettlement site.

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V. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

106. During project preparation, comprising of screening and design preparation, various alternatives were identified and analysed to help in decision making. A. With and Without project alternatives.

107. The “With” project scenario has positive beneficial impacts on the encroachers living conditions. It will remove encroachments on existing water body/ canal helping to improve the environment and also relocate vulnerable people into areas which are not flood prone and into appropriate housing helping to reduce their risk to disaster and improve their livelihood opportunities. In comparison, the “Without” project scenario can lead to further deterioration of the living conditions and quality of life of the present encroachers while adversely impacting the surrounding environmental conditions. Other factors like infrastructure development, and other project benefits were also taken into consideration in analysing the with and without project scenarios. B. With Project Scenario.

108. The proposed Vallam resettlement project shall have 969 residential units, which will accommodate encroachers from 4 encroachment sites located in the Big temple Moat, who are living at heightened risk of natural hazards due to their encroachment of existing water body/ canal. A number of resettlement sites were investigated with the ultimate location being determined due to its locational advantages and government ownership of land. Thanjavur Town is located at a distance of 11km, which is accessible via State highways (SH 83). There are a number of schools, hospitals and other commercial establishments located in the vicinity that can also be accessed. The resettlement site is designed to have all the essential amenities which includes: (i) Internal Roads (ii) Vehicular Parking (iii) Ration Shop (iv) Convenient Shop (v) Milk Booth (vi) Library (vii) Security Office (viii) Motor Room (ix) Anganwadi centre (x) Community Hall (xi) Health sub centre (xii) Open Space Reserve (xiii) Sewage Treatment Plant (xiv) Electric Power supply (xv) Water Supply (xvi) Solid Waste Management (xvii) Rainwater Harvesting (xviii) Solar Powered Street Lights 109. Subproject benefits. The proposed STP will treat the waste water generated from the resettlement sites and has been designed to recycle the treated water for flushing and gardening purposes, which will reduce the actual water demand and have beneficial impacts on the environment (through recycling and reuse). Solar powered street lights have been proposed within the resettlement sites, which will marginally reduce the use of TANGEDCO power supply. 63

Internal roads have been designed with storm water drains that will prevent flooding/ ponding of water within the resettlement site. It is proposed to have rainwater harvesting pits/ structures surrounding the residential blocks as well as in common areas to tap the rainwater to increase the groundwater recharge potential. It is planned to have native floral species in the green area/ landscaping areas. 5 years of periodic operation and maintenance has been proposed. 110. A graduation program shall be conducted for the relocated people to improve self- sustainability and to access to better economic opportunities that will help to improve living standards. This subproject also aims to improve the gender balance and women empowerment by assisting the women in the family, women headed households and elderly people through skill development training programs (under the Tamil Nadu Skill Development Corporation). C. Without Project Scenario. 111. As per the field visits undertaken as part of due diligence, some of the problems associated with encroachers are as follows (i) substandard housing and lack of hygiene; (ii) significant health risks (due to mosquito breeding and spread of vector borne diseases); (iii) They lack basic facilities like road, electricity and drinking water (iv) The illegal nature of housing makes encroachers susceptible to extortion (v) They are more prone to disasters like urban floods 112. Key Social issues. It is evident from the site visits, that the 4 encroachment sites (Big Temple Moat) is not provided with a household connection to water supply as a common water tap is provided for the entire community of slum dwellers at a distance of 200m to 300m (min distance). This is a difficult situation especially for women. The 4 encroachment sites do not have basic infrastructure facilities. The quality of life is observed to be below average, as most of them are working as daily labours. The dwelling structures do not have strength to withstand climate hazards (including heavy rain, wind and increase in temperature). The approach roads are too narrow and some of them are without street lights, which is not safe for the night time road users especially women. 113. Key Environmental issues. The catchment area of the water body/ canal has been encroached and as a result the natural drains are closed with the water body/ canal in a dilapidated condition. The water body/ canal area has been covered by wild thorny bushes (refer Table 19) and contains solid waste from the encroachers and the general public. Proper toilet facilities are not available and untreated sewage water is discharged into the water body/ canal which deteriorates water quality and indirectly causes groundwater contamination. D. Alternate Technology Adopted for STP 114. In general for regular TNSCB projects, the Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems (DEWATS) has been used for treating waste water generated from resettlement tenements. Being a conventional treatment system with limitations, the proposed subproject proposes to use the advanced Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) technology. The following section discusses the pros and cons of these two waste water treatment technologies. a. DEWATS. Design uses physical and biological treatment mechanisms such as sedimentation, floatation, aerobic and anaerobic treatment to treat domestic wastewater. DEWATS is designed to be affordable, low maintenance, use local materials. The Typical DEWATS will have four components for treatment (i) Settler, (ii) Anaerobic Baffled Reactor, (iii) Anaerobic filter and (iv) Planted Gravel Filter. Though it has advantages in treating the waste with high efficiency, due to the land

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constraints for TNSCB in the resettlement sites, this system may not be feasible, because it requires more space, periodic maintenance and expensive. Table 28: DWATS Salient Features Sl.no DWATS Advantages Disadvantages Components 1 Settler simple, durable, underground need regular de-sludging 2 Anaerobic simple, durable, little permanent required large space Baffled Reactor space, high treatment efficiency 3 Anaerobic filter simple, durable, underground, high costly, filter blockage treatment efficiency 4 Planted Gravel high efficiency, no nuisance, no need permanent space, requited Filter wastewater on ground intensive maintenance with expertise, relatively costly b. SBR Technology. SBR aeration system is similar to an Activated Sludge Process (ASP). The major difference is that this SBR uses one tank for all the treatment steps, rather than using different equipment for each step. As the term “sequencing” suggests, SBR uses time, rather than space, to accomplish its wastewater treatment purposes. The advantages of using SBR include its:  ability to adapt to different volumes of influent;  work with automated controls; and  requiring less space than a system using multiple tanks The disadvantages of this process are:  that is necessitates sophisticated controls and timing units; and  requires more maintenance than conventional systems E. Alternative Approaches to the Resettlement site design 115. The following table illustrates various improvements adopted in the design of the Vallam resettlement site Table 29: Alternative Approach in Building Plan Key features Traditional TNSCB Building Proposed TNSCB Building Plan (ADB funded) Plan URBAN DESIGN Overall Focus Cost efficiency, number of units Quality of life, people centric designs that are future ready (without compromising on cost and number of units) Site Approach Design assumes site to be an Integrated, sustainable design solutions independent plot of land, often with minimal connection (spatial and programmatic) with the surrounding context Environmental Minimal solutions created to Providing environmentally sensitive design Sustainability respond to the context and solutions to ensure minimum carbon footprint, environmental sustainability while creating a healthy and comfortable living environment Inclusive Design Inadequate consideration of Creating design strategies that focus on different user groups. vulnerable groups within the community such as children, differently abled, the aged, youth and 65

Key features Traditional TNSCB Building Proposed TNSCB Building Plan (ADB funded) Plan women

Spatial and Hierarchy of spaces absent Creating a hierarchy of open and community Circulation thereby making the open spaces spaces with appropriate density to support Hierarchy monotonous diverse forms of social interactions Vehicular movement typically Promoting pedestrian circulation and networks prioritized; vehicular circulation over vehicular circulation in order to create safe paths also intersect with spaces for all users; creating safe interactions pedestrian paths creating unsafe environments for the residents Open Space Design approach typically treats Spatial design that focuses on the design of Design open spaces as "left over shared public spaces to nurture harmony of spaces" rather than integrating collective action them cohesively. Landscape Inadequate focus on landscape Open spaces that integrate native, Design design natural landscapes that are didactic, productive as well as recreational in their functions Walkability Lack of walkable spaces Promoting Walkability- nodes typically within 3m, 5m and 7m walking radii Block Standardised block patterns Enhancing a sense of identity and belonging Arrangements does not create unique identity through block design to the communities Closely placed blocks to Design allows for greater distance between optimize efficiency reduces blocks where possible and avoids the situation privacy where the longer side of blocks face one another Blocks are designed close to Designing blocks that are perceivable for the each other with less focus on the human scale human scale Eyes on the Design has leftover/ narrow Designing neighborhoods such that they avoid Street alleyways/ spaces which are redundant areas away from sight which are prone poorly maintained and end up to poor maintenance and blight; activating spaces being blighted unsafe regions of between buildings and adding value through the community artwork and other design solutions Promoting Inadequate attention to open Creating programmatic interventions in open Physical and space programming that spaces that enable physical and mental Mental Well promotes physical and mental recreation for different age groups Being well being Cater to the physical and emotional needs of different groups of people in the design of spaces Visual Quality Minimal visual quality features Emphasizing visual quality of spaces through the incorporated in the design introduction of nodes, elevation design etc to name a few

BLOCK DESIGN Block Buildings are oriented without Building orientations to be responsive to the site Orientation critical consideration of site conditions/ context, with a focus on improved features, daylight and wind paths interior thermal comfort

Façade Design Minimal intervention on facade Enhancing the external appearance of buildings design and almost restricted to through innovative façade design, with a focus on

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Key features Traditional TNSCB Building Proposed TNSCB Building Plan (ADB funded) Plan the same style across all sites optimizing O&M costs

Openings Buildings are designed with Visualising and designing blocks as a product of minimal openings creating dark solids and voids to create spaces for interaction and long corridors and un- and enhance the quality of the common spaces aesthetic built form; lack of adoption of passive surveillance Block Length Blocks accommodate large Incorporating limited housing units within each number of units creating long block to ensure shorter corridors that help with and dark corridors way finding Building Repetitive blocks that creates a Creating modulated block forms with varying Heights sense of monotony heights to add to the character of the community while adding vibrancy UNIT DESIGN Efficiency Units are maximised to have Carpet area maximised to create a healthy living maximum efficiency environment Space Minimal spaces are designed Addition of ante space and balconies to create Segregation within the units without better circulation and segregation of activities in segregation of spaces spaces Creating multi-functional spaces to enhance better usage of spaces while not compromising on the sizes Storage Areas Minimal storage facilities are Creating multiple storage facilities within the unit provided within the units for residents to store their personal belongings

F. Outcome based on the analysis. 116. Based on the observation discussed in the earlier sections, the following matrix has been developed to indicate the initiation of this subproject shall bring positive impacts and benefits to the relocated encroachers. It not only fulfils the policy requirement (housing for all) it also increases the living standards of the encroachers (urban poor) and will help to improve environmental conditions for the encroached areas. Table 30: Outcome of the Analysis of Alternatives Sl.no Infrastructure facilities and other amenities With Project Without Project 1. Well-structured Residential Building   2. Internal Roads   3. Vehicular Parking   4. Ration Shop   5. Convenient Shop   6. Milk Booth   7. Library   8. Security Office   9. Motor Room   10. Anganwadi centre   11. Community Hall   12. Health sub centre   13. Open Space Reserve   14. Sewage Treatment Plant   15. Electric Power supply   16. Water Supply   67

Sl.no Infrastructure facilities and other amenities With Project Without Project 17. Solid Waste Management   18. Rainwater Harvesting   19. Solar Powered Street Lights  

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VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

117. This chapter on the anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures is based on the preliminary detailed design for the Vallam resettlement site and proposed demolition works and water body/ canal regeneration works are based on the consultations had with TNSCB officials. The given information will have to be updated/ revised once the detailed designs are finalized for resettlement site and plans for demolition at the encroachment sites and water body regeneration works are completed. 118. Screening of potential environmental impacts is categorized into four categories considering project phases: location impacts and design impacts (pre-construction phase), construction phase impacts and operations and maintenance phase impacts a. Location impacts. Impacts associated with site selection, including impacts on environment and resettlement or livelihood related impacts on communities b. Design impacts. Impacts arising from project design, including the technology used, scale of operations etc. c. Construction impacts. Impacts resulting from construction activities including site clearance, earthworks, civil works, etc. d. O&M impacts. Impacts associated with the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure built in the project. 119. The proposal envisages (i) construction, operation and maintenance of 969 residential units and essential amenities (large scale construction activity), (ii) demolition of structures in the 4 encroachment sites (located in the Big Temple Moat) chosen for relocation and (iii) restoration of water body/ canal. The construction of residential units along with supporting urban infrastructure and services at Vallam and demolition works at the encroachment sites identified for relocation are located in the adjoining area of the existing buildings and hence this would result in some environmental impacts typical to the construction activities. The land identified for construction of residential units at Vallam belongs to the TNSCB (land alienated from revenue department) and hence it is free from any encumbrances. 120. The site identified for demolition (4 encroachment sites for relocation) are located within the settlement areas. Gaining free access and movement of workers, vehicles and other construction related machinery would be an issue that will be dealt with by obtaining requisite permissions, consultations with affected stakeholders and public information dissemination before commencement of works on site. Identity cards and vehicle permits shall be provided by the contractor for all such movement to and from the construction site. Traffic Management Plan (TMP) should be prepared by the Contractor in consultation with PIDs and affected stakeholders. 121. Other impacts related to construction activities such as generation of dust and noise, removal of construction debris and demolition wastes etc. are envisaged which shall be minimized and addressed by adopting safe engineering practices and appropriate methodology for demolishing works and water body restoration works. Caution will be exercised in planning for safe construction and operations phase to minimize disturbance to the adjoining existing activities. Provision for water for construction will be made through Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat / TWAD or through mobile water tankers. 122. Land Acquisition and Resettlement. As indicated earlier, the land proposed for construction of residential units and associated services (2.77 ha) belongs to TNSCB, similarly the 4 encroachment areas (proposed for demolition) are owned by Thanjavur Municipal Corporation and hence land acquisition is not envisaged. As per the Resettlement Framework 69

(RF), the proposed categorisation for this subproject is Category “A”, for involuntary resettlement (IR) as it results in physical or economical displacement for 969 Households (HH). 123. Design Considerations to Avoid Environmental Impacts The following are design considerations to avoid environmental impacts: (i) Incorporation of adequate drainage provisions (ii) Provision for adequate cross ventilation (iii) Adoption of design compatible with the natural environment and suitable selection of materials to enhance the aesthetic appeal and to blend with the natural surroundings. (iv) Straight lines and simple geometry in the proposed landscape and architectural features. (v) Natural tree species in the proposed landscape. (vi) A separate area has been designated (away from the residential blocks) in the layout plan for managing municipal solid waste generated in the resettlement site (vii) Ensure water demand can be met sustainably and reused wherever possible. The STP and treated water is proposed to be utilised for flushing and gardening purposes by reducing the water demand. 124. The results of interventions are unobtrusive and will be integral part of the ambience of the site. The physical components have been proposed with minimalist design treatment. A. Assessment of Environmental Impacts

125. Determination of Area of Influence. The primary impact areas are (i) sites for proposed project components; (ii) main routes/intersections which will be traversed by construction vehicles; and (iii) quarries and borrow pits as sources of construction materials. The secondary impact areas are: (i) Other than the delineated primary impact area; and (ii) entire Thanjavur Municipal Corporation in terms of overall environmental improvement. 126. In the case of this subproject the components will involve straight forward construction and operation, and impacts will be mainly localized, short in duration and expected only during construction period. B. Pre-construction Impacts and Mitigation Measures

127. Consents, permits, clearances, no objection certificate (NOC), etc. Necessary consents/NOC as per Table 5 and Table 6 will be required during pre-construction phase and before any civil works commence. A copy of Consent/Permission/Clearance/ NoC should be included in the monitoring reports and submitted to the PID and PMU. Failure in obtaining the same will result in delay of work and may lead to stoppage of works.

128. Mitigation measures. The following measures will be conducted during the detailed design phase prior to construction for the resettlement site, demolition and regeneration works: (i) Obtain all necessary consents, permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. prior to start of civil works. (ii) Acknowledge in writing and provide report on compliance of all obtained consents, permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. (iii) Prior to the tendering of the demolition and regeneration works contract, TNSCB and Thanjavur Municipal Corporation should consult with ASI to discuss the presence of two encroachment site (Vadakkualangam and Kodimarathumoolai) falling within 300m from the ASI monument (Thanjavur Palace), which are proposed for demolition and regeneration activities. The outcome of the

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consultation/ feedback / recommendation shall be minuted and re-incorporated into the IEE and EMP. The demolition and regeneration contractor will have to adopt the relevant EMPs. (iv) In Sekkaditheru encroachment site, there is a presence of an ancient wall like structure, for which TNSCB should consult with the ASI to seek further clarifications and suggestions, and will be required to prepare a heritage impact assessment and management plan in close consultation and support of ASI which has to be incorporated into the IEE and EMPs prior to the tendering of demolition and regeneration works. (v) Submission and approval of updated EMP/ SEMP prior to starting of work to the PID with final approval by PMU. (vi) Include in detailed design drawings and documents all conditions (e.g. the location of the STP should be away from the settlement area and the treated water should meet the discharge standards as per the TNPCB) and provisions if necessary. (vii) The demolished materials from the Big Temple Moat encroachments should be recycled to the maximum extent possible (3R concept should be adopted). (viii) For asbestos material disposal, an appropriate inventory has to be carried out and proposed management measures implemented before any demolition activity occurs by the Asbestos Expert/ Environmental Specialist in the encroachment sites. Care should be taken in disposal of the asbestos materials (used as roofing materials) as per the relevant protocols/ hazardous waste management rules 2016 (refer EMP for Asbestos material management). (ix) In compliance to the Noise Standards, the proposed construction activities should be implemented in a controlled manner, the dB(A) levels for residential area (day time noise level 55 dB(A) and night time noise level 45 dB(A)) should be maintained. In general overnight construction activities including piling works should be prohibited, however, under unavoidable situations, it may be permitted with prior permission from the PID (x) Pre-construction environmental monitoring as indicated in Table 36 will be conducted by the Contractor under the supervision of the PID. The outcome of the analysis shall be referred as baseline information for key environs (Air, Water and Noise). (xi) Conduct consultation with the local communities and provide detail in the language that is understandable to the local community regarding project activities and the anticipated impacts as part of the project information dissemination (prior to the start of the construction and demolition activity).

129. Utilities. Interruption of services (water supply, electricity, toilets etc.) will be scheduled and intermittently related to localized construction activities. To mitigate impacts, PIDs will:

(i) Identify and include locations and operators of these utilities in the DPR to prevent unnecessary disruption of services during the construction phase. (ii) Require contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services. (iii) Require contractor to obtain from the PIDs the list of affected utilities and operators; (iv) If relocations are necessary, contractors along with PIDs will coordinate with the providers/line agencies to relocate the utility. (v) Consult with the local communities if there is a need for interruption of services (especially during the demolition activities) 71

130. Social and Cultural Resources. There is a risk that any work involving ground disturbance can uncover and damage archaeological and historical remains. Though the Big Temple Moat encroachments are located nearby to the Thanjavur Brihadeshwara Temple, which is historically and culturally important monument (It is also recognised as an ASI monument and UNESCO Heritage Site), the demolishing activities do not have an impact on the monument, because as per the AMASR Act 2010, the encroachments are located more than 200m (beyond the Regulated buffer zone). However, Vadakkualangam and Kodimarathumoolai encroachment sites do fall within 300m from Thanjavur Palace, an ASI monument. As such, the PIDs shall:

(i) Ensure the ADB SPS, 2009 requirements are met while dealing with physical cultural resources. (ii) In Sekkaditheru encroachment site, there is a presence of an ancient wall like structure, for which TNSCB should consult with the ASI to seek further clarifications and suggestions, and will be required to prepare a heritage impact assessment and management plan in close consultation and support of ASI which has to be incorporated into the IEE and EMPs prior to the tendering of demolishing and regeneration works. (iii) Prior to the tendering of the demolition and regeneration works contract, TNSCB with Thanjavur Municipal Corporation should consult with ASI to discuss the presence of two encroachment site (Vadakkualangam and Kodimarathumoolai) falling within 300m from the ASI monument (Thanjavur Palace), which are proposed for demolition and regeneration activities. The outcome of the consultation/ feedback / recommendation shall be minuted and re-incorporated into the IEE and EMP. The demolition and regeneration contractor will have to adopt the relevant EMPs. (iv) Continually consult Archaeological Survey of India and/or State Department of Archaeology to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site. (v) Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of medium or high risk. (vi) Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available. (vii) Develop a chance find protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved, this must include stopping work if any suspected cultural heritage item is found.

131. Site selection of construction work camps, stockpile areas, storage areas, and disposal areas. Priority is to locate these near the project location. However, if it is deemed necessary to locate elsewhere, sites to be considered will not promote instability and result in destruction of property, vegetation, irrigation, and drinking water supply systems. Residential areas will not be considered for setting up construction camps to protect the human environment (i.e., to curb accident risks, health risks due to air and water pollution and dust, noise, and to prevent social conflicts, shortages of amenities, and crime). Extreme care will be taken to avoid disposals near forest areas or in water bodies.

132. Site selection of sources of materials. Significant quantities of bricks, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate will be required for construction works (including the construction works in the resettlement site as well as water body regeneration works). Contractor should procure these materials only from the quarries permitted/ licensed by Department of Geology and

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Mining. The contractor should, to the maximum extent possible, procure material from existing quarries, and creation of new quarry areas should be avoided as far as possible. If new quarries are required then the contractor will be responsible for obtaining all permissions and clearances, including environmental clearance for mining. Contractor should factor in the time required for obtaining clearances including conduct of EIA if required under the law. It will be the construction contractor’s responsibility to verify the suitability and legal status of all material sources and to obtain the approval of Department of Geology and Mining and local revenue administration, as required. 133. Erosion control. Most of the impacts will occur due to excavation and earth movements during construction phase. Prior to commencement of civil works, the contractor will be required to: (i) Develop an erosion control and re-vegetation plan to minimize soil loss and reduce sedimentation. (ii) Minimize the potential for erosion by balancing cuts and fills to the extent feasible. (iii) Identify and avoid areas with unstable slopes and local factors that can cause slope instability (groundwater conditions, precipitation, seismic activity, slope angles, and geologic structure). (iv) Minimize the amount of land disturbed as much as possible. Use existing roads, disturbed areas, and borrow pits and quarries when possible. Minimize vegetation removal. Stage construction to limit the exposed area at any one time. 134. Access. Hauling of construction materials and operation of equipment on-site can cause traffic problems. Construction traffic will access most work areas from the existing roads therefore potential impacts will be of short-duration, localized and can be mitigated. The Contractor will need to adopt the following mitigation measures: (i) Plan transportation routes so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites. (ii) Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours. (iii) Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion. (iv) Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions. (v) Drive vehicles in a considerate manner.

C. Construction Impacts and Mitigation Measures 135. The impacts during the proposed construction works are standard and site-specific to the construction activities and are not expected to be significant. The Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) specifies the necessary mitigation measures to be strictly followed by the contractor and supervised by the PIDs. Key impacts during construction are envisaged on the following aspects: (i) transportation of materials, (ii) dust generation, air and noise pollution from construction activities, (iii) sourcing of water for construction activities, (iv) handling of construction materials at site and, (v) adoption of safety measures during construction. However, the prepared EMPs (refer to chapter VIII) should be updated as construction EMPs based on the site conditions by the contractor under the supervision of the PIDs.

136. Construction Schedule and Method. As per the detailed design, construction activities in the resettlement site is expected to take approximately 24 months, demolition activities in the 4 encroachment sites shall take 6 months and the water body / canal regeneration works is expected to take 6 to 12 months for completion. The proposed interventions for the resettlement 73 site will be constructed manually with minimum use of machinery and equipment and with necessary safety precautions, for example, barricades around demolition sites, restricting pedestrian and vehicular movements. Noise from demolition works should not exceed the noise standards as set by CPCB. Any damage to surrounding buildings will require work to be stopped immediately and rectified before work can recommence. The materials from the demolishing works will be reused to the maximum extent possible. Materials will be brought to site by trucks and will be stored on unused areas within the project site. The working hours will be 8 hours daily. Night works will be avoided except on an emergency basis or due to high day- time traffic as per prevailing conditions at the time of construction. This shall be further considered by the PID but only in consultation with the local communities. 137. There is sufficient space for a staging area, construction equipment, and stockpiling of materials. However, the contractor will need to remove all construction and demolition wastes on a daily basis. 138. Erosion Hazards. The resettlement site at Vallam is located in a gentle slope and hence the risk of erosion is moderate. For the demolition sites, they are located in built-up areas and therefore the risk of erosion is low. However, the contractor will be required to: (i) Save topsoil removed during excavation and use to reclaim disturbed areas, as soon as it is possible to do so. (ii) Use dust abatement such as water spraying to minimize windblown erosion. (iii) Provide temporary stabilization of disturbed/excavated areas that are not active under construction. (iv) Apply erosion controls (e.g., silt traps) along the drainage leading to the water drains. (v) Maintain vegetative cover within unused land to prevent erosion and periodically monitor the area to assess erosion. (vi) Clean and maintain catch basins, drainage ditches and culverts regularly. (vii) Conduct routine site inspection to assess the effectiveness and the maintenance requirements for erosion and sediment control systems. 139. Impacts on Water Quality. There are no surface water sources near the Vallam resettlement site, however, the 4 demolition sites (Big Temple Moat encroachments) are located surrounding the water body/ canal. Therefore, impacts on water quality for the demolishing work site is high. Hence, the Contractors will be required to: (i) The project sites (including the resettlement site and the water body regeneration sites) are in a water scarce area where the use of groundwater is prohibited for construction purposes, hence the contractor should arrange for water, which shall be either purchased from the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat or the TWAD or through mobile water tankers. The agreement and / or MoU has to be shared with the PID. For any other arrangements for the source of water, the evidence of the same has to be furnished to the PID. (ii) Schedule civil works during non-monsoon season, to the maximum extent possible. (iii) Ensure drainages within the construction zones are kept free of obstructions. (iv) Keep loose soil material and stockpiles out of drains and flow-lines. (v) Avoid stockpiling of excavated and construction materials (sand, gravel, cement, etc.) unless covered by tarpaulins or plastic sheets. (vi) Conduct periodic Environmental Monitoring to check the water quality as

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indicated in the Table 36. (vii) Use silt trap for the surface runoff to prevent sediments entering into the nearby irrigation tank/ water bodies. (viii) Re-use/utilize, to maximum extent possible, excavated materials. (ix) Dispose any residuals at identified disposal site (PID will identify approved sites). (x) Dispose waste oil and lubricants generated as per provisions of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989. 140. Impacts on Air Quality. There is potential for increased dust, particularly during summer/dry season due to various construction activities including stockpiling of construction materials. Emission from vehicles transporting construction materials and debris/materials to be disposed may cause increase in air pollutants within the construction zone. These are inherent impacts which are site-specific, low magnitude, short in duration and can be easily mitigated. The contractor will be required to: (i) Conduct regular water spraying on earth piles, trenches and sand piles. (ii) Conduct regular visual inspection in the construction zones to ensure that there are no excessive dust emissions. (iii) Spreading crushed gravel over backfilled surfaces if re-surfacing of disturbed areas cannot be done immediately. (iv) Maintain construction vehicles and obtain “Pollution Under Control” (PUC) certificate from Emission Testing Centres. (v) Obtain CtE and CtO for batching plants, crushers, diesel generators, etc., if is to be used in the project from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board. (vi) Conduct periodical environmental monitoring for ambient air as per the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 36).

141. Noise and Vibration Impacts. The resettlement site is located at a distance of 20 m to a small settlement, in the eastern direction, 50m from the phase 1 resettlement site in the western direction and 500m away from few academic institutions in the northern direction. Hence during the piling works, noise and vibration is expected to have significant impact to the structures. However as per the secondary information17 on the pile driving on surrounding ground and structures, the vibration impact is expected to impact up to 15m from the core piling area. Hence significant impact on the structures are not envisaged. As much as possible construction shall be done manually with minimum use of machinery and equipment and with necessary safety precautions, for example, barricades around demolition sites, restricting pedestrian and vehicular movements. Noise from demolition works should not exceed the noise standards as set by CPCB. Any damage to surrounding buildings will require work to be stopped immediately and rectified before work can recommence.

142. For the encroached sites, though it is located nearby to the Thanjavur Brihadeeswarar Temple or Big temple (an ASI and UNESCO heritage site), it is located more than 200m (beyond the regulated zone defined by the ASI), and hence noise and vibration impacts are not envisaged. However,the encroachment sites, Vadakkualangam and Kodimarathumoolai are located within the 300m buffer from the Thanjavur Palace, which is an ASI monument. As per the AMASR Act 2010, it limits new construction within 300m of the boundary of the protected monument or sites however it is silent on demolition and regeneration activities. In addition the at the Sekkaditheru encroachment site, there is a presence of an ancient wall like structure

17 Swedish Geotechnical Institute (Effects of Vibrations from Pile Driving on Surrounding Ground and Structures) 75 which will require consultation with the ASI. The construction activities (with exemption to piling works at the resettlement site) shall be done manually at the 4 encroachment sites without involving heavy equipment. Nevertheless, the contractors will be required to (i) Prior to the tendering of the demolition and regeneration works contract, TNSCB will consult with ASI and any feedback / recommendations shall be minuted and re-incorporated into the IEE and EMP. The demolition and regeneration contractors will have to adopt the relevant EMPs. (ii) The contractor and PID shall inspect the nearby settlement site located close to the Vallam resettlement site, to assess the likely impacts during the piling operation and based on the assessment, suitable mitigation measures like provision of temporary noise barrier and structural strengthening measures shall be provided. (iii) For the structures that are weak, appropriate evidence (including video/ photograph) shall be collected from the site prior to any works commencing, for which temporary structural support shall be provided till the completion of the piling works (iv) Plan activities in consultation with the PIDs so that activities with the greatest potential to generate noise are conducted during periods of the day which will result in least disturbance. (v) Minimize noise from construction equipment by using vehicle silencers and fitting jackhammers with noise-reducing mufflers. (vi) Create awareness among drivers not to use horns unless it is necessary to warn other road users or animals of the vehicle’s approach. (vii) Shut off idling equipment. (viii) Night time construction activities should be avoided, and only be considered on an emergency basis or due to high day-time traffic as per prevailing conditions at the time of construction (ix) Follow day time ambient noise levels as per Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) rules and conduct periodical environmental monitoring for ambient noise as per schedules given in the EMP Table 36. (x) Ensure vehicles comply with Government of India noise limits for vehicles. PUC should be available for every construction equipment and vehicles.

143. Impacts on Flora and Fauna. As per detailed design, tree-cutting is not required in the Vallam resettlement site. However, the 4 encroachment sites are observed with few trees, which shall be preserved and will be included in the master plan for the water body / canal regeneration works. This will be reassessed during pre-construction phase. There are no protected areas in the direct and indirect impact zones and no diverse ecological biodiversity is found within the project area (construction and demolition sites) thus there are no significant impacts on flora and fauna. But in general, the Contractor will be required to:

(i) Conduct site induction and environmental awareness. (ii) Limit activities within the work area. (iii) Do not remove or harm existing vegetation except those required under proposed contract. (iv) Strictly instruct workers not to cut trees for fuel wood. (v) Replant trees in the area using minimum ratio of 10 trees for every 1 tree cut, if any. Replacement species must be approved by District Forest Department.

144. Impact due to Waste Generation. Excavated materials are anticipated in the construction site at Vallam. The materials will be tested for its suitability and it will be recycled

76 as filling material. Similarly, the demolished structures will be reused to the maximum extent possible. Construction activities will produce excess excavated soils, excess construction materials, and solid wastes (such as removed concrete, wood, packaging materials, empty containers, oils, lubricants, and other similar items). These impacts are negative but short-term and reversible by mitigation measures. The contractor will need to adopt the following mitigation measures:

(i) Prepare and implement a Waste Management Plan. (ii) Manage solid waste according to the following hierarchy: reuse, recycling and disposal. Include designated/approved disposal areas in waste management plan. (iii) Coordinate with Municipal Authorities for beneficial use of demolished materials or immediately dispose to designated areas. (iv) Recover used oil and lubricants and reuse; or remove from the sites. (v) Avoid stockpiling and remove immediately all demolished materials, excess construction materials, and solid waste (removed concrete, wood, packaging materials, empty containers, oils, lubricants, and other similar items). (vi) Prohibit disposal of any material or wastes (including human waste) into drainage, nallah, or watercourse. (vii) Any waste that contains asbestos, or is contaminated with asbestos, must be double-bagged, labelled and placed in a covered, locked skip. This includes asbestos sheets, asbestos pipeline, asbestos cement etc. Care should be taken in disposal of the asbestos materials as per the relevant protocols/ hazardous waste management rules 2016 (refer EMP for Asbestos material management).

145. Impacts on Occupational Health and Safety. Workers need to be aware of occupational hazards which can arise during proposed construction activities. Exposure to work-related chemical, physical, biological and social hazard is likely to occur during proposed works. Potential impacts are negative and short-term but reversible by mitigation measures. Overall, the contractor should comply with all the mitigation measures as per best international practices which include but not limited to:

(i) Disallow worker exposure to noise level greater than 85 dB(A) for a duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection. The use of hearing protection shall be enforced actively. (ii) Develop a comprehensive site-specific health and safety (H&S) plan. The overall objective is to provide guidance to Contractor on establishing a management strategy and applying practices that are intended to eliminate, or reduce, fatalities, injuries and illnesses for workers performing activities and tasks associated with the project. (iii) Include in H&S plan measures such as: (i) type of hazards during excavation works; (ii) corresponding personal protective equipment for each identified hazard; (iii) H&S training for all site personnel; (iv) procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (v) documentation of work-related accidents. (iv) The working hours will be 8 hours daily. Night works should be avoided, however, it may be considered on an emergency basis or due to high day-time traffic as per prevailing conditions at the time of construction. (v) Provide H&S orientation training to all new workers to ensure that they are appraised of the rules of work at the site, personal protective protection, and preventing injury to fellow workers. (vi) Ensure that first aid kit is available at site and it should be easily accessible for all 77

workers in terms of emergency. (vii) Provide medical insurance coverage for workers. (viii) Secure construction zone from unauthorized intrusion and accident risks through provision of barriers, guards and warning signs. (ix) Ensure the core labour standards are adopted (i). Universal and indivisible human rights, (ii) Freedom from forced labour (iii) Freedom from child labour (iv) Freedom from discrimination at work (x) Provide supplies of potable drinking water. (xi) Provide clean eating areas where workers are not exposed to hazardous or noxious substances. (xii) Provide visitor orientation if visitors to the site can gain access to areas where hazardous conditions or substances may be present. Ensure also that visitor/s do not enter hazard areas unescorted. (xiii) Ensure the visibility of workers through their use of high visibility vests when working in or walking through heavy equipment operating areas. (xiv) Ensure moving equipment is outfitted with audible back-up alarms. (xv) Mark and provide sign boards in the construction zone, and areas for storage and disposal. Signage shall be in accordance with international standards and be well known to, and easily understood by workers, visitors, and the general public as appropriate. (xvi) Prior to any demolition activity an asbestos walk-over will be required to mark any potential asbestos waste and a demolition and handling protocol will be developed. Demolition activity undertaken in these areas will require appropriate PPE to be worn. Any waste that contains asbestos, or is contaminated with asbestos, must be double-bagged, labelled and placed in a covered, locked skip. This includes asbestos sheets, asbestos pipeline, asbestos cement etc. Exposure to asbestos causes Asbestosis (chronic lung disease), hence care should be taken in disposal of the asbestos materials as per the relevant protocols/ hazardous waste management rules 2016 (refer to the EMP for Asbestos material management) (xvii) COVID-19. WHO has declared COVID-19 as a pandemic which has affected the entire world including India. In view of the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, the contractors and workers would need to take additional measures to avoid the spread of the disease and shall follow various guidelines/guidance notes issued by the national/state government, WHO, ILO, World Bank/IFC from time to time. As described in these guidelines, the contractors shall undertake a COVID risk assessment of project area and prepare a COVID Response and Management Plan (C-R&MP) and submit to TNSCB for approval. A brief guidance on “To Do” List prepared from these documents is provided in Appendix 15.

146. Impact on Associated Infrastructure facilities. The estimated water demand of 676 KLD of water shall be supplied by the TWAD. The water will be sourced from pumping main near Manakkarambai Village, which is located at a distance of 18 km from the Vallam Resettlement Site. It is arranged through gravity for which pipeline shall be laid for a distance of 18 km. The pipeline laying activities shall have direct air and noise impacts to the public. Being an associated activity to this subproject, once detailed design information is available, the PID environmental specialist shall prepare the EMP in accordance with ADB SPS with assistance from the PMU environmental specialist. Accordingly, this IEE and EMPs will need to be revised and submitted to ADB for concurrence. The prepared EMP will need to be adopted by the contractor, who undertakes the pipeline laying works. This EMP shall be monitored and reported

78 by both TWAD and PID. The key observations should be reflected in the quarterly project progress reports and quarterly safeguard reports to ADB.

D. Post-Construction Impacts and Mitigation Measures

147. Site clean-up after construction activities (including resettlement site, demolishing sites and water body regeneration site). The Contractor will be required to:

(i) Backfill any excavation and trenches, preferably with excess excavation material generated during the construction phase. (ii) Use remove topsoil to reclaim disturbed areas. (iii) Re-establish the original grade and drainage pattern to the extent practicable. (iv) Stabilize all areas of disturbed vegetation using weed-free native shrubs, grasses, and trees. (v) Restore staging areas and temporary work areas. (vi) Remove all tools, equipment, barricades, signs, surplus materials, debris, and rubbish. Demolish buildings/structures not required for O&M. Dispose in designated disposal sites. (vii) Request in writing from PIDs that construction zones have been restored. (viii) Solid waste (debris, excavated soils, etc.) from the demolishing sites and restoration of water body site should be disposed by the contractor as per the guidance of the Environmental specialist of PIDs.

148. Operation and maintenance activities. The PIDs in support from the service providers will operate and maintain the infrastructure facilities at the Vallam resettlement site and Thanjavur Municipal Corporation shall maintain the restored/ regenerated water body/ canal. The maintenance activities at Vallam resettlement site include:

(i) Rainwater Harvesting Pit management. (a) Regular inspection and cleaning of catchment, gutters, filters and tanks to reduce the likelihood of contamination. (b) Water from other sources should not be mixed with that in the tank. (c) TNSCB will carry out routine management of the RWH pits.

(ii) Management of the STP (a) For initial 5 years, the construction contractor shall maintain and operate the STP. Thereafter a separate Contractor shall be engaged for operation and maintenance of STP. During the operation, the STP will be operated by a skilled operator, who will be required to wear all the essential PPE’s (including but not limited to gloves, masks, safety shoes and safety eyewear) to safeguard themselves from any hazards likely occurring from the STP. (b) TNSCB/ Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat will carry out regular inspection of the STP to prevent any impacts, including pollution of ground water and nearby water courses. (c) The sludge generated from the STP shall be further treated in the sludge digester tank (anaerobic sludge digestion) in the STP to digest the sludge into dry sludge. The treated sludge shall be stored in the sludge drying bed and when it reaches its maximum capacity it will be disposed of along with organic waste generated from the resettlement site. The treated sludge shall be as per compost quality standard given in the Solid waste 79

management rules 2006 (schedule II A, standards for composting) for which the O&M contractor/ service provider shall perform scheduled monitoring as suggested by the Environmental specialist from PID.

(iii) Maintenance of sanitation facilities, solid waste collection and regular maintenance of constructed amenities. TNSCB/ Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat will carry out maintenance of the sewer system (including the pipeline, collection system etc.), carry out the regular collection of wastes, and will also ensure that: (a) Sanitation facilities do not result in pollution of groundwater. (b) Sanitation facilities do not interfere with other utilities and block access to buildings, causing nuisance to neighbouring areas. (c) Municipal Solid Waste will be segregated as organic waste and inorganic waste. Both organic and inorganic waste shall be collected by the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat, organic waste will be composted in the vermicomposting / biodegradation process and will be used a manure. The inorganic waste will be disposed off in the MSW dumping area. (d) No spillage will happen during the transfer of waste and all wastes will be transported to a designated solid waste treatment site. (e) Staff collecting the MSW will be provided with necessary PPE’s (including gloves, masks and boots).

(iv) Fire fighting equipment’s including the fire extinguisher and sand buckets has to be regularly maintained. Fire extinguishers have to be regularly checked for the expiry date and has to be refilled or replaced as required prior to the expiry date. Any wet sand (if any) in the bucket should be replaced with dry sand. (v) Other amenities including landscaping, children play area and streetlights shall be handed over to Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat for maintenance and operation

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VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

A. Consultation and Participation

149. The active participation of stakeholders including local community, NGOs/CMROs, etc., in all stages of project preparation and implementation is essential for successful implementation of the project. It will ensure that the subprojects are designed, constructed, and operated with utmost consideration to local needs, ensures community acceptance, and will bring maximum benefits to the people. Public consultation and information disclosure is a must as per the ADB policy.

150. Most of the stakeholders have already been identified and consulted during preparation of this IEE, and any others that are identified during project implementation will be brought into the process in the future. Primary stakeholders of the subproject include vulnerable communities/ residents, shopkeepers and petty shop business people living along the water bodies, government and utility agencies responsible for provision of various services in project area, community representatives, TNSCB and ADB.

151. COVID-19 has prevented further planned consultations with affected people at the 4 encroachment sites and around the resettlement site. Further formal consultations are expected to be held prior to construction and will be incorporated into the draft IEE.

B. Public Consultation

152. The public consultation and disclosure program is a continuous process throughout the project implementation, including project planning, design and construction.

a) Consultation during Project Preparation

153. Several formal/informal consultations with each stakeholder to understand issues and cross cutting themes have been conducted. The table below lists out various meetings/ discussions between various stakeholders conducted till date.

Table 31: Meetings/Discussions between various stake holders Sl.no Date Stakeholder Details Department 1 12th March Directorate of Consultation was conducted with Mr. Krishna Moorthy, 2019 Town and Country Deputy Director of Town and Country Planning. The Planning (DTCP) following key points were discussed  Various planning options in determining the land use and its categorisation has been discussed in detail  The preparation of the landuse map across Tamil Nadu was explained to the ADB team 2 5th Tamil Nadu Consultation was conducted with Dr. S. Selvan, Chief December Pollution Control Environmental Engineer, TNPCB and Mr. R. 2020 Board (TNPCB) Ramasubbu Joint Chief Environmental Engineer. The followings are the key outcome of the meeting.  Disposal of Construction and Demolition waste: Various policies and regulations adopted by the TNPCB has been discussed. It was informed that Permissions/ NoC from the TNPCB is required, if 81

Sl.no Date Stakeholder Details Department the construction and demolishing waste (C&D) is equal to or greater than 20 tons per day or 300 tons per project in a month.  Environmental clearance for the subprojects: TNPCB informed that based on the built-up area the project will be categorised as either A or B. It was also indicated that since the built-up is less than 150,000 m2, the Vallam subproject will be categorised as 8B, which requires an Environmental Clearance from the SEIAA.  Storage and handling of Hazardous materials: It was informed that a licence is not required for storing of Diesel, if the total quantity in possession does not exceed 2500 litres in non-bulk ( i.e. drums) or 1000litres in a receptacle / tank (i.e. bulk)  Sewage Treatment Plant: TNPCB mandates the need for a STP in the resettlement site, it was informed that the project owner/ project proponent can choose any available technology for treating the wastewater, however the treated water quality parameter should met the stipulated limits prescribed by the CPCB.  Solid waste management: it was informed that all the corporations/ municipalities/ town panchayats are facilitated with appropriate waste collection, handling, transport and disposal system and hence it shall be managed by the ULB’s. However, the handling of waste should be as per the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 3 5th Adyar River Consultation was conducted with Dr. S. Viswanathan, December Restoration Trust Senior Environmental Scientist. The procedures/ 2020 methodology adopted in restoration of the Adyar River Estuary (Adyar Poonga) has been discussed in detail.  The resettlement issues in evacuating the encroachers from the estuary area and allocation of the resettlement sites for the project affected persons.  Compensation measures adopted including livelihood assistance, transportation allowances and other provisions are discussed in detail.  Restoration of the water body and its challenges.  Restoration of the mangroves in the estuary area.  Monitoring and reporting system for the biodiversity in the Adyar estuary area. 4 Archaeological To be completed once meeting with ASI is conducted Survey of India and meeting minutes are obtained. (ASI)

b) Consultations with the Affected Community

154. Informal focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out at encroached sites (sites chosen for relocation). At the time of FGD’s the information pertaining to entitlement and

82 compensation were still under preparation. Hence information dissemination about the subproject was only partially done. It was planned to conduct further formal consultations along with the social surveys, however due to the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic, the planned consultation did not go ahead. As such, whenever the situation is under control and it is safe to do so, further planned consultation shall be conducted by the TNSCB at the 4 encroachment sites and around the resettlement site. Accordingly this consultation section will be updated and the revised IEE should be submitted to ADB for concurrence. Some of the common concerns of the PAPs expressed during the FGDs have been outlined below:

(i) Lack of basic facilities including water supply, street lights and proper approach roads; (ii) Flooding issues during monsoon season; (iii) Encroachers have resided at the same place for 30 years; (iv) Patta is not available for the encroachers; (v) Proper toilet facilities (provided with septic tank) are not available; (vi) Most residents work as daily labours and housemaid workers; (vii) Schools/ educational institutions, hospitals are located in accessible distances; (viii) Some of the houses are provided with bore well facility. Others have to depend on the water supply from Thanjavur Municipal Corporation; (ix) Some encroachers showed willingness to relocate, but some have shown their unwillingness for relocation.

Snap Shots from the Consultations conducted at Big Temple Moat Encroachment sites

c) Consultation during construction 83

155. Prior to start of construction, PIDs will conduct information dissemination sessions and further consultations (that have been prevented due to COVID-19) at various places (including at 4 encroachment sites and around the vallam resettlement site) and solicit the help of the local community, leaders/prominent for the project work. Focus group meetings will be conducted to discuss and plan construction work with local communities to reduce disturbance and other impacts and also regarding the project grievance redress mechanism. Project information and construction schedule will be provided to the public via mass media (newspapers, television, ULB websites etc,). Attendee list and meeting outcomes will be recorded and included in the revised IEE to be submitted to ADB for concurrence. A constant communication will be established with the affected communities to redress the environmental issues likely to surface during construction phase. Contractor will provide prior public information (in Tamil and English) about the construction work in the area, once 7 days prior to the start of work and again a day before the start of work via pamphlets. At the work sites, public information boards will also be provided to disseminate project related information.

C. Information Disclosure and Future Consultations

156. Executive summary of the IEE will be translated in Tamil and made available at the offices of TNSCB, PIDs and also displayed on their notice boards. Hard copies of the IEE will be accessible to citizens as a mean to disclose the document and at the same time creating wider public awareness. Electronic version of the IEE in English and Executive Summary in English and Tamil will be placed in the official website of TNSCB after approval of the IEE by ADB. Stakeholders will also be made aware of grievance register and redress mechanism.

157. Public information campaigns to explain the project details to a wider population will be conducted. Public disclosure meetings will be conducted at key project stages to inform the public of the progress and future plans. Prior to start of construction, the PIDs will issue notification on the start date of implementation in local newspapers. Subproject information brochure/ pamphlets will be issued to the local communities for better understanding, the brochure/ pamphlets shall include the EMP cost. A board showing the details of the project will be displayed at the construction sites for the information of general public. Local communities will be continuously consulted regarding location of construction camps, access and hauling routes and other likely disturbances during construction.

VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

158. The PMU will ensure that (a) local level project safeguards GRM acceptable to ADB is established in accordance with provisions and within timeframes specified in the EMP and RP to consider safeguards related complaints; and (b) a task force is functioning effectively to:

(i) Review and document eligible complaints of project stakeholders; (ii) Proactively address grievances; (iii) Provide the complainants with notice of the decisions made; (iv) Prepare periodic reports to summarize: (a) the number and types of complaints received and resolved at all levels; (b) chosen actions and time required for resolution; and (c) final outcomes of the grievances; and (d) Make the reports available to ADB as part of the regular Safeguards Monitoring Reports. (v) Eligible complaints will include (a) those related to the project activities,

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(b) any of the service providers, (c) any person responsible for carrying out the project, (d) complaints on misuse of funds and other irregularities, and (e) grievances due to any safeguards, labor and gender issues.

159. The PIDs (Environment / Social Cell) will establish a common GRM acceptable to ADB at divisional levels for addressing any environment and/or social issues that arise due to subproject activity. The GRM will constitute a suitable systematic process to receive, evaluate and facilitate resolution of affected persons and other stakeholder’s complaints and grievances about subproject environmental (and social) safeguards performance. It will aim to provide a time-bound, trusted and transparent mechanism to voice and resolve issues and concerns associated with the subproject implementation.

160. Public awareness campaigns in the project area of influence will ensure that knowledge of the grievance redress procedures is generated. The PIDs (Environment / Social Cell) will conduct awareness campaigns to ensure that all affected persons and vulnerable households are made aware of grievance redress procedures, entitlements and anticipated environmental impacts.

161. Affected persons will have the flexibility of conveying grievances/suggestions by dropping grievance redress/suggestion forms in complaints/ suggestion boxes to be installed by the PIDs (Environment / Social Cell) or by writing in a complaint register in the PID office or by e-mail, or by registering complaints as per the PMU’s existing grievance redress mechanism). Careful documentation of the name of the complainant, date of receipt of the complaint, address/ contact details of the person, location of the problem area, and how the problem was resolved will be undertaken. The PID (Environment / Social Cell) officers will have the overall responsibility for timely grievance redress on environmental and social safeguards issues and for registration of grievances, related disclosure, and communication with the aggrieved party. The proposed template of a grievance registration form is provided in Appendix 16. All the documents made available to the public will include information on the contact number, address and contact person for registering grievances, and will be disseminated throughout the project area of influence by the PIDs (Environment / Social Cell).

162. Proposed GRM.18 In case of grievances that are immediate and urgent in the perception of the complainant, the on-site Contractor/Animator/Community Officer / Assistant Engineer / Junior Engineer from PID (Environment / Social Cell) will provide the most easily, accessible or the first level of contact for the quick resolution of grievances. Contact phone numbers and names of the concerned staff and contractors, will be posted at all construction sites in visible locations.

(i) 1st level grievance: The on-site contractor/ Animator/ Community Officer/ Assistant Engineer or Junior Engineer of the PID (Environment / Social Cell) will receive and record the complaint at the subproject site. Alternatively, the complaint can be registered by phone call, message, email, or on the TNSCB website and this will be reverted to the onsite personnel for 1st level resolution. The complaint will be reviewed and on-site Contractor/Animator/Community Officer / Assistant Engineer / Junior Engineer of the PID (Environment / Social

18 Any IRSHUPSP specific grievance which comes in through TNSCBs existing system (refer to Section 3) will be routed back to the project specific GRM to level 1.

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Cell) will try to resolve the issue on-site in consultation with the aggrieved party. This will be done within 7 days of receipt of a complaint/ grievance. (ii) 2nd level grievance: All grievances that cannot be redressed within 7 days at the field level will be brought to the notice of the Community Development Officer of the PID and the Environment Specialist of the Environment Cell and the Executive Engineer in the PID. The PID Community Development Officer / Environmental Specialist of the Environmental Cell / PID Executive Engineer (PID Head) will resolve the grievance within 14 days of receipt of a complaint/ grievance with support of the PIU Circle Superintending Engineer. (iii) 3rd level grievance: If the grievance is not resolved at PID Community Development Officer / Environmental Specialist/ Executive Engineer (PID Head) level, the grievance will be referred internally to Chief Community Development Officer / Environmental Consultant of PMU / the Chief Engineer of IRSHUPSP. The grievance at this level will be resolved within 21 days of its receipt. All resolutions shall be communicated to the aggrieved party / complainant(s).

163. The project GRM notwithstanding, an aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal system at any stage. This can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM.

Figure 23: Grievance Redress Process

164. In the event that the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected persons can also use the ADB Accountability Mechanism by directly contacting (in writing) the complaint receiving officer at ADB headquarters or the ADB India Resident Mission. The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s Developing Member Countries. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information will be included in the project information document to be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM.

165. Record-keeping. The PID will keep records of grievances received, including contact details of the complainant, the date the complaint was received, the nature of the grievance, agreed corrective actions and the date these were affected and the final outcome. The number of grievances recorded and resolved and the outcomes will be displayed/disclosed in the PID

86 office, as well as reported in monitoring reports submitted to ADB on quarterly basis. All resolutions shall be communicated to the aggrieved party / complainant(s).

166. Periodic review and documentation of lessons learned. The PMU will periodically review the functioning of the GRM and record information on the effectiveness of the mechanism, especially on the program’s ability to prevent and address grievances.

167. Costs. All costs involved in resolving the complaints (meetings, consultations, communication and reporting/ information dissemination) will be borne by the PID.

168. Country legal procedure. An aggrieved person shall have access to the country's legal system at any stage and accessing the country's legal system can run parallel to accessing the GRM and is not dependent on the negative outcome of the GRM.

169. ADB’s Accountability Mechanism. If the established GRM is not in a position to resolve the issue, the affected person also can use the ADB Accountability Mechanism through directly contacting (in writing) the Complaint Receiving Officer (CRO) at ADB headquarters or the ADB India Resident Mission. The complaint can be submitted in any of the official languages of ADB’s developing member countries. Before submitting a complaint to the Accountability Mechanism, it is recommended that affected people make a good faith effort to resolve their problems by working with the concerned ADB operations department (in this case, the resident mission). Only after doing that, and if they are still dissatisfied, they could approach the Accountability Mechanism. The ADB Accountability Mechanism information will be included in the project-relevant information to be distributed to the affected communities, as part of the project GRM.

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IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Environmental Management Plan

170. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been developed to provide mitigation measures to reduce all negative impacts to acceptable levels. Unlike other projects, four EMPs have been prepared for various subproject activities, which are planned to be implemented under four different tenders.

(i) Environmental Management Plan for Construction Site (ii) Environmental Management Plan for Operation/ Maintenance (iii) Environmental Management Plan for Demolition Works (iv) Environmental Management Plan for Regeneration Works

171. The EMP will guide environmentally-sound practices at the time of construction and operation of the subprojects and ensure efficient lines of communication between TNSCB PMU, PIDs, and contractors. The EMPs will (i) ensure that the activities are undertaken in a responsible non-detrimental manner; (ii) provide a pro-active, feasible and practical working tool to enable the measurement and monitoring of environmental performance on site; (iii) guide and control the implementation of findings and recommendations of the environmental assessment conducted for the subproject; (iv) detail specific actions deemed necessary to assist in mitigating the environmental impact of the subproject; and (v) ensure that safety recommendations are complied with. The EMPs includes a monitoring program to measure the environmental condition and effectiveness of implementation of the mitigation measures. It will include observations on- and off-site, document checks, and interviews with workers and beneficiaries. The IEE and EMP will be included in the bid and contract documents to ensure compliance to the conditions set out in this document.

172. The contractor will be required to submit to PIDs, for review and approval, a Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) including (i) proposed sites/locations for construction work camps, storage areas, hauling roads, lay down areas, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes; (ii) specific mitigation measures following the approved EMP; (iii) monitoring program as per EMP and (iv) prepare a COVID Response and Management Plan (C-R&MP). No works are allowed to commence prior to approval of SEMP. A copy of the EMP and approved SEMP will be kept on site during the construction period at all times.

173. Water supply is expected to be arranged through an 18km gravity pipeline and detailed design is still underway. This is an associated activity to this subproject and once enough information is available, the PID environmental specialist shall prepare the EMP for this activity in accordance with ADB SPS with assistance from the PMU environmental specialist. Accordingly, this IEE and EMP will need to be revised and submitted to ADB for concurrence prior to appointment of the contractor by TWAD. The prepared EMP will need to be adopted by the contractor, who undertakes the pipeline laying works, and it shall be monitored and reported by both TWAD and PID. The key observations should be reflected in the quarterly safeguard reports to ADB.

174. For civil works, the contractor will be required to (i) carry out all the mitigation and monitoring measures set forth in the approved SEMP; and (ii) implement any corrective or preventative actions set out in environmental monitoring reports that the employer will prepare from time to time to monitor implementation of this IEE and SEMP. The contractor shall allocate budget for compliance with these SEMP measures, requirements and actions.

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The following table shows the potential environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and responsible agencies for implementation and monitoring.

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Table 32: Environmental Management Plan for Construction Site - Vallam, Thanjavur District Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision 1. Location Impacts 1.1 Location impacts pertain to  The siting of facilities will be in line with  List of tree species PID PMU siting of facilities for the DTCP approved Master Plan.  Tree cutting permit / construction of new buildings/  The site allotted for the construction of permission from the dwelling units at Vallam, new buildings / dwelling units at Vallam competent authority. Thanjavur District belongs to Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance  Identification of Board (TNSCB). Hence there are no land Disposal site for  Clearing of wild vegetation Acquisition Issues anticipated. disposing debris and  Maintain slope for natural  The land is an abandoned quarry area excavated soil drain having gentle slope towards southern  Excess earth disposal direction. Hence levelling operations have to be conducted for the construction purpose. By doing so it is anticipated to generate excavated excess earth/ soil (cut and filling), which has to be disposed in an authorised/ identified landfill or disposal area. If the site is a new disposal area, then it has to be approved by the PIDs.  There are a few trees identified in the project site, which have to be preserved through design considerations or it shall be transplanted to the designated landscaping area. 1.2 Lack of sufficient planning to  In accordance with the provisions in the  DPR and designs PID PMU assure long term sustainability sub-project selection criteria, the sub- Approved from of the developments project design shall include adequate competent authority provisions for ensuring effective  Work plan prepared maintenance and protection of the assets and approved by created so as to ensure the long-term PIDs sustainability of the sites.  The designs will be worked out and implemented in accordance with the provisions.  No construction activity of any kind shall

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision be taken up in the OSR area 1.3 Land acquisition (Socio  No additional land will be required, the  Revenue records PID PMU economic Impacts) proposed project (construction of 969 residential units) at Vallam is designed to be implemented within the available 2.77 ha land area  Resettlement and/or land acquisition problems are not anticipated in the construction activities.  In case of any additional land acquisition, the compensation as per the Entitlement matrix given in the Resettlement Framework (RF) shall be adopted. 1.4 Clearing of trees/ Removal of  All reasonable measures shall be  Tree count PID PMU vegetation undertaken to ensure that no native information and fauna is harmed or placed at risk during compensation ratio the course of the clearing activities  As per the proposed design, felling of trees is not envisaged at any stage of the project. However, under unavoidable conditions if any of the trees are required to be cut/ felled, then prior permission as per existing procedure from Forest department, ensuring appropriate compensation including compensatory plantation at 1:10 ratio as stipulated by the High Court of Madras (WP No 7811/2010 and MP No 1/2010 dated 25/06/2010). 2. Design and Pre-Construction Impacts 2.1 Increased storm water runoff  Design of proposed building components  Site drainage plan PID PMU from alterations of the site’s will enable efficient drainage of the sites to be prepared and natural drainage patterns due and maintain natural drainage patterns. applied to excavation works in the The siting of the project components,  Construction of Vallam site, construction of involving physical construction shall be drains to prevent residential units, Anganwadi, done to ensure no disruption of natural water logging at site Community hall, Ration shop, drainage patterns or flows into the nearby 91

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision addition of paved surfaces drain/nallah. during rains and approach roads.  Construction activities (including excavation and trenching works) shall be restricted during the monsoon season.  The Contractor shall discuss with the PID to carryout necessary construction activities in the monsoon season by providing appropriate safety measures to the satisfaction of the PID. 2.2 Consents, permits,  All the necessary approvals/ permissions/  General Conditions PID PMU clearances, NOCs, etc. clearances/ NoCs as given in the and Specific Environmental Clearance (EC) for Vallam Condition as Resettlement Site should be obtained by mentioned in the the PID and verified by PMU before start Environmental of the construction activities or as per the Clearance conditions given in the EC. This includes  Source sustainability STP design approval from a third party. study  The findings and recommendations from  Consultation the source sustainability study19 has to be meeting outcomes completed and incorporated into the IEE and records prior to a contractor being appointed by TWAD.  Meaningful consultations with communities to keep them informed of anticipated activities and associated impacts 2.3 Water supply pipeline laying  The impacts of the water supply pipeline  Revised IEE and PID and TWAD PMU activities shall have direct air will need to be assessed once enough EMP and noise impacts to the information is available and this IEE and  Contractor records public as well as other EMP should be revised and submitted to construction impacts. ADB for concurrence prior to a contractor

19 The water source sustainability study should indicate the project shall utilize water sources at sustainable levels of abstraction only (i.e. without significant reductions in the quantity or quality of the source overall), avoid polluted water sources, avoid water use conflicts by not abstracting water that is used for other purposes and ensure water quality provided complies with national drinking water standards at all times through regular monitoring. This requires identification of all users of the water source and that the water source can be appropriately recharged. The water source sustainability study to be conducted should be incorporated into the relevant IEE and EMP.

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision being appointed.  The contractor appointed for water supply will be required to adopt the EMP. 2.4 Selection of materials and  Designs to be worked out in such a  list of approved PID PMU construction technologies, if manner that exposed steel and concrete quarry sites and not carefully chosen, will structures are avoided source of material adversely impact the visual  The design brief for all building  List of trees/ shrubs appeal of the buildings components proposed will strictly for landscaping conform to the TNSCB requirements.  List of materials to  Any new landscaping elements will only be procured for utilize native species to protect local construction works biodiversity included in BOQ 2.5 Integration of energy  The detailed designs for the building  DPR and designs PID PMU efficiency and energy components shall ensure that approved from conservation programs in environmental sustainability principles, competent authority design of building components including energy efficiency, resource  Use of energy recycling, waste minimization etc. are efficient and ISO integrated, and designs accordingly certified equipment worked out. in construction works  All the electrical and mechanical  PUC for all equipment used in the construction works construction vehicles shall be energy efficient and ISO certified as per BOQ provisions. 2.6 Odour / smell from Sewage  The detailed design/ layout should have  DPR and designs PID PMU Treatment Plant, Solid waste designated STP and the MSW areas, approved from collection area which should be located away from the competent authority settlement to prevent the odour nuisance  MSW should be collected frequently  STP should be maintained 2.7 Noise pollution from the  Pump house should be located away  Regular PID PMU pumps used for lifting water to from the residential blocks and it should maintenance is the OHTs be acoustic proof required  conducting frequent Noise monitoring 2.8 Sourcing of water for  Contractor shall purchase water from  Regular monitoring Contractor and PMU 93

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision construction activities Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat is required PID or TWAD for the construction activities.  Feedback from the The agreement/ MoU has to be shared local communities with the PID.  Use of groundwater for construction purpose is prohibited  Water demand during construction should be reduced by use of premixed concrete, curing agents and other best practices prevalent.  Tapping of surface water from river sources should not affect the downstream water users (appropriate permission for the same from the TWAD/ PWD should be obtained)  Tapping of surface water from tanks/ ponds should be in consultation with the local communities and the same records should be submitted to the PID and PMU.  For any other arrangements for the source of water, the evidence for the same has to be furnished to the PID 2.9 Installation of Diesel  As per the CPCB norms, place the Diesel  Standards Contractor and PMU Generators Generators (DG’s) in an acoustic prescribed by the PID enclosure or other sound insulation CPCB  Place the DG’s at least 100 m from the  Conducting frequent nearest new building for housing noise monitoring  Low Sulphur Diesel shall be used for operating diesel generator  Ensure DG sets comply with the noise standards prescribed by the CPCB 3. Pre-Construction Activities by Contractor 3.1 Submission of updated EMP /  Appoint Environment, Health and Safety Unsatisfactory Contractor and PMU SEMP; EMP implementation Supervisor to ensure EMP compliance with EMP PID and reporting implementation  Submission of updated EMP/ SEMP prior Contractor

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision to starting of work, consultation records  Timely submission of monthly monitoring reports including documentary evidence on EMP implementation such as photographs and consultation records.  SEMP documents shall include information about site restoration, noise and dust control, wastewater management, spills response, community and site health and safety, traffic control, tree cutting, construction of labour camps, storage areas, hauling roads, regulatory permissions, disposal areas for solid and hazardous wastes, sensitive features like schools and hospitals  Provide project-related information to stakeholders, communities and/or affected people before and during construction works including at least 7 days prior to the start of works and again at least 1 day prior to works through issuing a pamphlet booklet to affected persons. 3.2 Consents, permits,  Obtain all necessary consents, permits, All the project related Contractor/ PID PMU clearances, NOCs, etc. clearance, NOCs, etc. prior to the award clearances should be of civil works. obtained as indicated  Ensure that all necessary approvals for in the Table 5 and construction to be obtained by the Table 6 contractor are in place before the start of construction  Acknowledge in writing and provide a report on compliance of all obtained consents, permits, clearance, NOCs, etc. 3.3 Sources of construction  Maximize the re-use of earth-cut Contractor to prepare Contractor/ PID PMU materials (Impact on natural materials, spoils, and construction & a list of approved land contours, vegetation, demolition debris / wastes quarry sites and disturbance to natural  Specify materials that are recycled, have sources of materials 95

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision drainage patterns, water recycled content or are from sustainable with the approval of logging, and water pollution.) sources PID before any  Obtain construction materials only from construction government-approved quarries with prior commences approval of PID  PID to review, and ensure that proposed quarry sources have all necessary clearances/ permissions in place prior to approval  Contractor to submit to PID the documentation every month with the details of the material obtained from each source (quarry/ borrow pit)  Avoid the creation of new borrow areas, quarries, etc., for the project; if unavoidable, contractor to obtain all clearances and permissions as required under law, including Environmental Clearance (EC) prior to approval by PID 3.4 Construction Camps –  The construction camps will be located at  Location of Contractor and PMU Location, Selection, Design 500m away from settlements and water construction camp PID and Layout bodies. The construction camps including approved by PID separate female and male sanitation  Construction camp facilities, shelter, electricity, canteen, having all the basic potable water (as per IS 10500), first aid, amenities with health care, day crèche facilities must be proper sanitary adequately drained, and must not be conditions drainage subject to periodic flooding. and watery supply  The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will not risk any domestic or public water supply.  All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water may not get stagnant and cause a nuisance.  The contractor shall provide the

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision dispenser for the disposal of Sanitary Napkins  MSW and domestic sewage generated from the construction camp should be disposed on day to day basis. The collection of waste and sewage shall be done by Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat for which the contractor should get approval from the Panchayat with the assistance from the PID.  Potable water (as per IS 10500 standard) to the labours/ construction workers should be provided by the Contractor  Comply with the ban on one time use and throwaway plastics under Tamil Nadu Government Order  First Aid Room shall be provided in the project site during the entire construction and operation phases of the project 3.5 Stockpiling of materials  Storage of construction material confined  Location of Contractor and PMU to work sites in a way to ensure that there construction camp PID is no obstruction to natural drainage approved by PID pattern, efficient drainage is maintained  Approved materials  Stockpiles to be covered to reduce dust management plan generation  Develop and implement the Materials Management Plan (including warehouses / storage) 3.6 Establishment of baseline  Conduct documentation of location of  Baseline Contractor and PMU environmental conditions prior components, areas for construction zone environmental profile PID to start of civil works (camps, staging, storage, stockpiling, including ambient etc.) and surroundings (within direct air, noise, water impact zones), locations of environmental quality as per the monitoring Include photos and GPS standards indicted in coordinates the monitoring plan  The monitoring parameters and the (Table 36) 97

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision frequency of the monitoring should comply with the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Table 36) 3.7 Drinking water availability and  The contractor will be responsible for  Records of drinking Contractor and PMU water arrangement arrangement of water in every workplace water supply to PID at suitable and easily accessible place for workers the whole construction period.  Feedback from  Sufficient supply of cold potable water (as workers per IS 10500) to be provided and maintained.  If the drinking water is obtained from an intermittent public water supply then, storage tanks will be provided. 3.8 Identification of disposal sites  Location of disposal sites will be finalized  Disposal site Contractor and PMU by the Environmental Specialist of the selected and PID PID and he will confirm that disposal of approved by PID the material does not impact natural  Records of materials drainage courses or surface water bodies disposed at disposal or low-lying areas and that no site endangered / rare flora is impacted by  Log book maintained such materials for debris disposal  The disposal sites shall be identified in consultation with Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat  Information on the disposal site should be included in the IEE (update/ revise it accordingly) 3.9 Shifting of Utilities  Identify and include locations and  List showing utilities Contractor and PMU operators of these utilities in the detailed to be shifted PID design documents to prevent  Contingency plan for unnecessary disruption of services during services disruption the construction phase.  Require contractors to prepare a contingency plan to include actions to be done in case of unintentional interruption of services.

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision  Obtain from the PID the list of affected utilities and operators;  If relocation is necessary, Contractor will coordinate with the providers to relocate the utility and communicate the dates and duration in advance to affected communities / persons / businesses. 3.10 Social and Cultural Resources  No cultural properties or religious  Chance find protocol Contractor and PMU structures shall be removed or relocated PID without the knowledge and written consent of the concerned parties or communities and local administration as the case may be. Sites for the relocation of these religious structures shall be identified following the choice of the community  As far as possible, the architectural elements of the structure should be conserved/reflected/translated into the design of new structures following the wishes of the community  For any Chance find, consult Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) or Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site.  Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of medium or high risk.  Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available.  Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and 99

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved. 3.11 Circulation plan during  Prior to mobilization and commencement  Site work plan Contractor and PMU construction in the densely of site activities, contractor has to prepared by PID populated areas prepare site work plan approved by contractor and Engineer20 so that no works or activities approved by PID shall interrupt safe passage of local  Traffic plan and residents/ road users during construction records of road stage, including development of signage’s alternative access routes, traffic regulations, signage etc., during construction.  The sensitive receptors like residential settlements, schools and hospitals in the close proximity of the resettlement site have to be consulted to discuss the site work plan for their suggestions and feedback, accordingly the plan shall be modified.  The Contractor with support of the PID will carry out dissemination of these information 3.12 Access  Traffic congestion near the entry and exit  Temporary Traffic Contractor and PMU points from the roads adjoining the management Plan PID proposed project site must be avoided  Plan transportation routes (NH 67) so that heavy vehicles do not use narrow local roads, except in the immediate vicinity of delivery sites.  Schedule transport and hauling activities during non-peak hours.  Locate entry and exit points in areas where there is low potential for traffic congestion.

20 Engineer refers to Project Implementation Division (PID)

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision  Keep the site free from all unnecessary obstructions.  Drive vehicles in a considerate manner. 3.13 Occupational health and  Comply with IFC EHS Guidelines on  Health and safety Contractor and PMU safety Occupational Health and Safety (H&S) plan PID  Develop comprehensive site-specific health and safety (H&S) plan. The overall objective is to provide guidance to Contractors on establishing a management strategy and applying practices that are intended to eliminate, or reduce, fatalities, injuries and illnesses for workers performing activities and tasks associated with the project.  Include in H&S plan measures such as: (i) type of hazards in the construction site; (ii) corresponding personal protective equipment for each identified hazard; (iii) H&S training for all site personnel (including labours); (iv) procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (v) Documentation of work-related accidents.  Provide medical insurance coverage for workers.  Contractor to nominate an on-site environment, health and safety officer.  Contractor shall undertake a COVID risk assessment of project area and prepare a COVID Response and Management Plan (C-R&MP) and submit to PID for approval 3.14 Site clearance activities  Commencements of site clearance Construction and Contractor and PMU including delineation of activities shall be undertaken after workers camp sites PID construction areas should be restored as 101

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision permissions of PID to minimize per the original environmental impacts. situation  All areas used for construction and camp activities shall be restored to their former conditions after project completion and no impact to the baseline environment indicators have been confirmed. 3.14 Excessive disturbance to  Meaningful consultations with Community Health Contractor and PMU communities due to prolonged communities to keep them informed of and Safety Plan PID construction anticipated activities, in particular those that may result in disruption with respect Contractor to area access, utilities, and noisy or consultation records dust-generating activities that are likely to result in significant disturbance  Identify and adhere to strict construction schedule  Liaise with schools that are in close proximity to construction sites on school examination periods and scale down construction activities and avoid noisy activities (including piling) during such periods  Alert communities and residents if night time construction work shall occur nearby (no night time construction within 500 m of the nearest household) and ensure safe alternative access is provided  Ensure communities are aware of Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) entry points  Create awareness of health & safety risks of transmittable diseases (HIV/AIDs / COVID-19), child labor, bonded labor or forced labor  Develop and implement the Community Health and Safety Plan

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision 3.15 Vibration Impact  Precaution will be taken while using the  maintenance record Contractor and PMU machines and equipment, during of construction PID demolition vehicles and  Before any works commences, conduct equipment situation analysis (including videos and  records of noise photos) in the subproject area of monitoring as per influence to check the structural integrity Table 36 of nearby buildings that may be affected  contractor site and by vibration during demolition works. consultation records  For the buildings having weak structure, temporary structural support shall be provided  Noise level measurements shall be taken once before the start of the demolition works to establish the baseline; and during the construction stage as per the Environmental monotiring plan (refer table 36)  Contractor will be responsible for creating awareness among the operators to ensure careful handling of machines and equipment and heavy vehicles like excavators and dump trucks during mechanical demolition  The contractor will inform the surrounding settlements/ residences and community in prior to operations that bear the risk of nuisance and accidents.  The contractor shall maintain the records of the consultations including dates, names and actions agreed to.  The contractor will be responsible for compensating if there are any damage to structures due to vibration resulting from demolition. 4. Construction Impacts 103

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision 4.1 Improper stockpiling of  Adequate safety precautions will be  Proper stockpiling of Contractor and PMU construction materials cause ensured during transportation of quarry construction PID impacts starting from material from quarries to the construction materials obstruction of drainage, site.  vehicles transporting disturbance/ safety hazard  Vehicles transporting material will be construction etc. covered to prevent spillage. materials covered to  Operations to be undertaken by the prevent spillage contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of Engineer. 4.2 Impacts due to Batching Plant  Batching plant shall comply with the Batching Plants Contractor and PMU operation requirements and specifications of the should be kept/ PID relevant current emission control stationed away from legislation. residential  Batching plant shall be located within the /settlements and at project construction area and as far as least 300m in the possible from downwind direction residential/settlements/commercial from nearby sensitive establishments, at least 300m in the receptors. downwind direction.  The Contractor shall submit a detailed layout plan for all such sites and seek prior approval of PID before entering into a formal agreement with a landowner for setting-up such sites.  Actions by PID against any non- compliance shall be borne by the Contractor at his own cost.  Arrangements to minimize dust pollution through the provision of windscreens, mist spray units, and dust encapsulation shall have to be provided at all such sites.  Specifications of batching plant shall comply with the requirements of the relevant current emission control legislation and Consent / NOC for such

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision plant shall be submitted to the PID  No such installation by the Contractor shall be allowed till all the required legal clearances are obtained from the competent authority and the same is submitted to the PID. 4.3 Quarry, borrow areas  If quarry, borrow areas are exclusively  list of approved Contractor and PMU operations opened for the project, contractor shall quarry sites and PID ensure that they qualify all the legal sources of materials conditions to operate such areas.  CtE and CtO  Consent to Operate (CtO) for quarry sites certificated obtained has to be taken from Tamil Nadu by contractors for Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) and a quarry sites, copy of the same has to be kept in record batching plant and and submitted in PID. DG sets and  Contractor has to comply with all the submitted to PID conditions stipulated in Consent to Operate document.  If contractor purchases the materials from other party, he has to ensure that quarry has obtained the necessary clearance from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) and should take a copy of it and submit in PID. 4.4 Stripping, stocking and  The topsoil from areas of cutting and  Top soil preservation Contractor and PMU preservation of top soil areas to be permanently covered plan prepared and PID (proposed site construction of building) approved by PID will be stripped to a specified depth of  Record of top soil 150mm, trans located and stored in excavated, stockpiles. preserved and  The stockpiles will be covered with gunny reutilized bags or tarpaulin. It will be ensured by the contractor that the topsoil will not be unnecessarily trafficked either before stripping or when in stockpiles. Such stockpiled topsoil will be returned to cover the disturbed area and cut slopes. 105

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision 4.5 Soil and water pollution due to  Fuel and lubricant storage areas shall be  Proper storage of Contractor and PMU storage of fuels, lubricants, designed in such a way that oil may not fuel and lubricants PID construction vehicles and contaminate soil or water.  Impermeable construction wastes  The floor of storage area shall be membrane used in protected by impermeable membrane flooring of storage and covered by roof so that it is not yard to prevent soil affected by rain. and water pollution  Oil pumps should be used to take out the  Construction waste oil from the container and no oil spillage disposal records shall take place.  Waste management  All the construction waste should be plan disposed properly after end of the day so that it may not create nuisance at site.  Soil and water pollution parameters shall be monitored as per the monitoring plan.  Dispose waste oil and lubricants that have been generated as per provisions of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989.  Inspect all vehicles daily for fluid leaks before leaving the vehicle staging area, and repair any leaks before the vehicle resumes operation  Strictly prohibit open defecation by workers in nearby areas 4.6 Siltation of drains/ water  Silt fencing to be provided at construction  Site fencing Contractor and PMU bodies due to spillage of sites during rain period to prevent  Numbers of Silt traps PID construction wastes sediments from the construction site to constructed at site enter into the watercourses/ nearby  Proper drainage settlements. The number of units of silt system provided at fencing to be installed is to be decided by site the Engineer.  Regular cleaning of  Haul roads on the site and approaches to drains during rain the watercourse (or drains leading to period watercourses) will be regularly cleaned to prevent the build-up of mud; areas of

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision bare soil will be kept to a practical minimum to reduce silt runoff.  Extraneous construction wastes will be transported to the pre-identified disposal site for safe disposal. 4.7 Emission from Construction  The discharge standards promulgated  PUC available for all Contractor and PMU Vehicles, Equipment and under the Environmental Protection Act vehicles PID Machinery will be strictly adhered to.  maintenance record  All vehicles, equipment and machinery of construction used for construction will conform to the vehicles and relevant Standard. equipment  All vehicles, equipment and machinery used for construction will be regularly maintained to ensure that pollution emission levels comply with the relevant requirements.  All the construction vehicles shall have Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificates to check air pollution. 4.8 Erosion Hazards The resettlement site has a gentle slope  Slope stability Contractor and PMU and hence the risk of erosion is  Frequent monitoring PID anticipated. Hence the Contractor will be during the piling required to: operation  Save topsoil removed during excavation  Monitoring noise and and use to reclaim disturbed areas, as vibration soon as it is possible to do so.  Use dust abatement such as water spraying to minimize windblown erosion.  Provide temporary stabilization of disturbed/excavated areas that are not active under construction.  Apply erosion controls (e.g., silt traps) along the drainage leading to the water drains.  Maintain vegetative cover within unused land to prevent erosion and periodically 107

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision monitor the area to assess erosion.  Clean and maintain catch basins, drainage ditches and culverts regularly.  Conduct routine site inspection to assess the effectiveness and the maintenance requirements for erosion and sediment control systems 4.9 Pilling Operation (Noise and  The Contractor should perform  Frequent monitoring Contractor and PMU Vibration Impacts) construction activities in a phased during the piling PID manner especially during drilling the operation piles, which may disturb the surrounding  Monitoring noise and area due to vibration vibration  The contractor and PID shall inspect the nearby settlement site, to assess the likely impacts during the piling operation and based on the assessment, suitable mitigation measures like provision of temporary noise barrier and structural strengthening measures shall be provided  For the structures that are week, appropriate evidence (including video/ photograph) shall be collected from the site, for which temporary structural support shall be provided till the completion of the piling works 4.10 Generation of Dust The contractor will take every precaution to  records of Contractor and PMU reduce the levels of dust at construction housekeeping PID sites to the satisfaction of the Engineer.  records of water  All earth works to be protected / covered sprinkling at site in a manner acceptable to the satisfaction  vehicles carrying of the Engineer to minimize dust excavated soil generation. covered  Clearance will be affected immediately by  AAQ parameters manual sweeping and removal of debris, (Particulate matter or if so directed by the Engineer, the road (PM10 & PM2.5), SOx, surfaces will be hosed or watered using

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision necessary equipment. NOx, CO) to be  Construction site shall regularly be monitored (Table 36) wetted by sprinkling of water during dusty conditions especially during summer seasons and winds.  Ambient Air Quality monitoring has to be performed as per the Environmental Monitoring Program as indicated in the Table 36. 4.11 Noise from construction  The Contractor will ensure appropriate  maintenance record Contractor and PMU activities and equipment noise monitoring carried out continuously of construction PID during piling works. vehicles and  Prior to piling works the contractor should equipment inform surrounding areas as well and it  exhaust silencers will be prohibited at night. Specify the working properly limit for noise for the piling works.  use of proper PPEs  Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and as work sites machinery will be regular and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, to keep  Records of noise noise from these at a minimum. monitoring as per  All vehicles and equipment used for EMP and as set out construction will be fitted with exhaust in Table 36. silencers. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers will be checked and if found to be defective will be replaced.  Noise limits for construction equipment used in this project (measured at one metre from the edge of the equipment in free field) such as compactors, rollers, front loaders, concrete mixers, cranes (movable), vibrators and saws will not exceed 75 dB (A).  Notwithstanding any other conditions of contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) will comply with the noise standards specified by CPCB. 109

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision  If specific noise complaints are received during construction, the Contractor may be required to implement one or more of the following noise mitigation measures, as directed by the Engineer:  Shut off idling equipment.  Reschedule construction operations to avoid periods of noise annoyance identified in the complaint.  Notify nearby residents whenever extremely noisy work will be occurring.  The Contractor shall provide necessary PPEs as per the direction of the environmental specialist (PID)  The Contractor shall adopt IS 5121-1969 (Indian standard Safety Code for Piling and Other Deep Foundation Works) to ensure safety is maintained during the piling operations  Ambient Noise levels has to be monitored as per the Environmental Monitoring Program 4.12 Impacts on flora and fauna  Strictly instruct workers not to cut trees  Baseline information Contractor and PMU for fuel wood of the flora and PID  Do not harm existing vegetation in the fauna for the project area except for those indicated in site area plan  Limit activities within the work area.  Strictly prohibit poaching of birds and animals in the vicinity of work sites 4.13 Material Handling at Site All workers employed on mixing asphaltic  use of proper PPEs Contractor and PMU material, cement, concrete etc., will be as work sites PID provided with protective footwear and  records of PPEs protective goggles. Workers, who are procured and issued engaged in welding works, will be provided for use

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision with welder’s protective eye-shields. Workers engaged in stone breaking activities will be provided with protective goggles and clothing and will be seated at sufficiently safe intervals. 4.14 Disposal of Construction  The waste generated will be reused in  records of excavated Contractor and PMU Waste /Debris / Cut Material the construction activities, either as a fill soil and PID material or otherwise, based on its  records of reuse and suitability of reuse to the maximum extent disposal of possible. excavated soil  Safe disposal of the extraneous material  disposal site will be ensured in the pre-identified identified and disposal locations. In no case, any approved construction waste will be disposed  AAQ parameters around the project locations (Particulate matter indiscriminately. (PM10 & PM2.5), SOx,  Burning of municipal solid waste or NOx, CO) to be hazardous waste will be prohibited. monitored 4.15 Safety Measures During  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for  use of PPEs Contractor and PMU Construction workers on the project and adequate  records of PPEs PID safety measures for workers during procured and issued handling of materials at site will be taken for use up.  compliance of all  The contractor has to comply with all regulations regulations regarding safe scaffolding, regarding ladders, working platforms, gangway, scaffolding, ladders stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe and work at height means of entry and egress.  Appropriate safety measures (including hard barriers) have to be adopted for the construction during the night time (Lux level shall be equivalent to a minimum of two 500 watt flood lights) 4.16 Risk caused by Force Majeure  All reasonable precaution will be taken to  records of first aid Contractor and PMU prevent danger of the workers and the facilities at site PID public from fire, flood, drowning, etc.  records of safety 111

Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision  All necessary steps will be taken for training to workers prompt first aid treatment of all injuries likely to be sustained during the course of work. 4.17 Malaria Risk  The Contractor will, at his own expense,  records of use of Contractor and PMU conform to all anti-malarial instructions mosquito prevention PID given to him by the Engineer; mosquito measures at site and prevention at site should be done work camps  The frequency of the testing for malaria  anti-malaria should be increased during the monsoon instructions to season workers 4.18 Clearing of Construction  Contractor to prepare site restoration  restoration plan for Contractor and PMU Camps & Restoration plans for approval by the Engineer. The site and work camps PID plan is to be implemented by the prepared contractor prior to demobilization.  restoration of site  On completion of the works, all temporary and work camps as structures will be cleared away, all per plan rubbish should be removed, all rubbish should be removed, excreta or other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the Engineer. 4.19 Influx of migrant  Local labourer’s to be given preference  Health and safety Contractor and PMU workers for job opportunities and each contractor risks PID should be bound by this commitment  Chances of spread  The Contractor has to adopt a Code of of sexually Conduct for the migrant labour to resolve transmittable any issues with locals diseases like AIDS  Ensure labour-related regulations are met  Water pollution  In case of hiring outside labour, ensure  Health & Safety that their working conditions as well as Risks due to camps meet local regulations and the Transmittable best practices of the industry (refer to IFC diseases (HIV/AID Workers' Accommodation: Processes and Covid-19) /

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Sl. Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility no Targets for for Implementation Supervision and Standards) awareness plan

Table 33: Environmental Management Plan for Operation and Maintenance - Vallam, Thanjavur District Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility Targets for for Implementation Supervision 1. Operation and Maintenance Impacts 1.1 Solid waste (debris, excavated  Re-establish the original grade and  Pre-existing Contractor (till PMU soils, etc.) drainage pattern to the extent practicable. condition the DLP period)  Restore access roads, staging areas, and and PID temporary work areas.  Remove all tools, equipment, barricades, signs, surplus materials, debris, and rubbish. Demolish buildings/structures not required for O&M. Dispose in designated disposal sites.  Request in writing from PID that construction zones have been restored. 1.2 Proposed Buildings/ Dwelling  Creating awareness through Consultation  Conducting Social Team PID PMU units may result congestion,  The 3 Rs (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) regular TNSCB/ Vallam increased pollution. approaches have to be explained to the consultations Special Grade settled communities in order to reduce the  Monitoring plan Town Panchayat pollution level (waste minimisation, water during project minimisation etc.,) operation  The environmental monitoring action plan during the operation stage will result in monitoring of the environmental impacts after project implementation. 1.3 Rain water Harvesting Pit  Regular inspection and cleaning of  Monitoring plan TNSCB/ Vallam PMU management catchment, gutters, filters and tanks during project Special Grade reduce the likelihood of contamination. operation Town Panchayat  Water from other sources should not be mixed with that in the tank.  Storm water drains will be maintained periodically to maintain free flow of storm 113

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility Targets for for Implementation Supervision water without any obstacles 1.4 Management of the STP  TNSCB/ Vallam Special Grade Town  proper sanitation TNSCB/ Vallam PMU Panchayat will carry out regular and solid waste Special Grade maintenance of the STP to prevent any management Town Panchayat impacts, including pollution of ground water and nearby water courses.  TNSCB shall appoint an Environmental Engineer with necessary qualification for the operation and maintenance of the STP, All the necessary PPE’s should be provided to the STP operator.  It is the sole responsibility of the TNSCB that the treated sewage water disposed (as per PART A Schedule VI of the Environmental Protection Rules 1986)for green belt development/ avenue plantation should not pollute the soil/ ground water/ adjacent canals/ lakes/ ponds, etc  The excess treated water will be discharged into the Underground Drainage system  Any sludge after anaerobic treatment and drying will be disposed with the municipal solid waste (organic waste). The treated sludge shall be as per compost quality standard given in the Solid waste management rules 2006 (schedule II A, standards for composting).  Workers who interact with any sludge will be provided all appropriate PPE’s including gloves, safety shoes, protective eyewear and masks. 1.5 Unhygienic condition due to  TNSCB/ Vallam Special Grade Town  proper sanitation TNSCB/ Vallam PMU poor maintenance of sanitation Panchayat will carry out maintenance of and solid waste Special Grade facilities and irregular solid the sewer system (including the pipeline, management Town Panchayat waste collection in the project collection system etc.,), and carry out the

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility Targets for for Implementation Supervision site necessitate regular regular collection of wastes, and will also maintenance of constructed ensure that Sanitation improvements amenities. proposed do not result in pollution of groundwater.  Sanitary facilities do not interfere with other utilities and block access to buildings, cause nuisance to neighbouring areas.  House hold hazardous waste such as batteries, small electronics, CFL bulbs, expired medicines and used cleaning solvent bottles should be segregated at source, collected once in a month from residences and disposed as per the SWM Rules 2016.  Municipal Solid Waste will be segregated as organic waste and inorganic waste. Both organic and Inorganic waste will be collected by the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat, Organic waste will be composted in the vermicomposting / biodegradation process and will be used as a manure. The inorganic waste will be disposed off in the MSW dumping area.  The transfer of waste will also ensure no spillage and all wastes will be transported to a designated solid waste treatment site. 1.6 Fire fighting / Emergency  Fire fighting equipment’s including the fire  Fire extinguisher Contractor PMU preparedness extinguisher and sand buckets has to be expiry date (during the DLP) annually maintained. Fire extinguishers  Emergency have to be checked regularly for the preparedness TNSCB/ Vallam expiry date and has to be refilled or plan Special Grade replaced accordingly. Wet sand (if any) in  Training records Town Panchayat the bucket should be replaced with dry sand  Fire mock drills should be conducted as a 115

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility Responsibility Targets for for Implementation Supervision part of emergency preparedness to create awareness among the residents

Table 34: Environmental Management Plan for Building Demolition Works – 4 Encroachment Area located in the Big Temple Moat Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n Pre-construction Stage 1. Consent, NOCs,  Contractor should obtain  Estimated quantity of the Demolition PID/PMU Permissions and SEMP Permissions/ NoC from the Construction and Contractor / TNPCB if the construction and Demolition Waste Thanjavur demolishing waste (C&D) is equal  ASI suggestion/ feedback Municipal to or greater than 20 tons per day on the ancient wall like Corporation or 300 tons per project in a month structure adopted by  Before the dumping of the demolition and demolition waste, an agreement regeneration works with the municipality/ panchayat contractor and concerned agencies to dispose the debris should be obtained and be included in the EMP/SEMP.  Contractor shall undertake a COVID risk assessment of project area and prepare a COVID Response and Management Plan (C-R&MP) and submit to Thanjavur Municipal Corporation /PID for approval  Obtain labour insurance and labour licences for workers involved in the demolishing activities which should be included in the SEMP.

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n  Submission and approval of updated EMP/ SEMP prior to starting of work to the Thanjavur Municipal Corporation /PID.  Conduct consultation with the local communities and provide detail in the language that is understandable to the local community regarding project activities and the anticipated impacts as part of the project information dissemination (prior to the start of the demolishing activity).  Display the project related information including the GRM details at the project (demolishing) site.  TNSCB should consult the ASI for information pertaining to the ancient wall like structure located in the Sekkaditheru encroachment site. Based on the suggestion/ feedback appropriate mitigation measure (including protection of the wall from any sort of damages during the demolishing works) should be re-incorporated into the IEE and EMP and adopted by the demolition and regeneration works contractor. 2. Clearing of trees/ Removal All reasonable measures shall be Tree count information and Demolition PID/PMU of vegetation undertaken to ensure that no native compensation ratio Contractor / fauna is harmed or placed at risk Thanjavur during the course of the demolishing Municipal activities However, under Corporation 117

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n unavoidable conditions if any of the trees are required to be cut/ felled, then prior permission as per existing procedure from Forest department, ensuring appropriate compensation including compensatory plantation at 1:10 ratio as stipulated by the High Court of Madras (WP No 7811/2010 and MP No 1/2010 dated 25/06/2010). 3. Assessment of Baseline parameters for Water Water and Soil quality Demolition PID/PMU Environmental Parameters quality and Soil quality have to be parameters Contractor / assessed prior to commencement of Thanjavur work. Municipal Corporation

4. Asbestos containing  Hire an Asbestos Expert to  Inventory of structures Demolition PID/PMU materials (ACM) undertake training for all workers / using Asbestos as celling Contractor / contractors in identifying existing or roofing materials Thanjavur ACM and on Occupational  Estimation of quantity of Municipal Environment, Health and Safety ACM Corporation related to potential hazardous  Disposal mechanism / material exposure (refer to TOR plan under the guidance included as an Appendix 12 of of the Asbestos Expert. EARF)  Conduct detailed walk over survey by ACM expert to ascertain the location of any ACM prior to any demolition activity  Demolition works conducted without disturbing any ACM  Support contractor assigned person (Contractor ACM) in conducting site assessment (across selected encroachments), developing inventory of existing

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n ACM including tagging and marking locations of existing ACM in all site maps.  Develop ACM management plan /protocol for compliance with asbestos policies of major international agencies21 and national requirements  Submission of site assessment, inventory, and ACM management plan to TNSCB PMU for review and approval  Contractor-ACM to carry out general awareness campaigns on ACM exposure for field staff and community  Conduct training of workers on ACM during orientation / induction

Construction Stage 5. Potential adverse impact  Demolition works to avoid  List including a map with Demolition PID/PMU on sensitive receptors sensitive receptors such as (geo-coordinates) Contractor / Physical Cultural Resources showing PCRs in the Thanjavur (PCRs) and will specifically demolition area Municipal exclude:  Preparation of Corporation o Religious structures e.g. Contingency plan for chapels, temples, mosques, conservation of the PCRs etc. o Avoid cutting trees

21 In the USA, standards and approaches for handling asbestos are prescribed by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OHSA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and can be found at http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n o Any damage to surrounding or properties needs to be rectified immediately 6. Air, noise and dust pollution  Prior information to the adjacent  records of housekeeping Demolition PID/PMU during the dismantling of settlements/ residence regarding  maintenance record of Contractor / the building the demolishing process, construction vehicles and Thanjavur scheduling of the activities etc. equipment Municipal  Water spraying at the demolition  exhaust silencers working Corporation site properly  Fencing / Install barriers (GI  records of water sprinkling sheets, geo-net) especially at the at site eastern side of the building facing  Covered vehicles carrying the road) to shield from dust and the excavated soil aggregates  Records of Air Quality  Avoid usage of monitoring as per EMP as machines/equipment with extra listed out in Table 36. noise;  Contractor consultation  Do not accumulate and burn waste records at the site  Carry out demolition activities stage wise, give adequate notice and information of activities to the adjoining stakeholders  Provide project-related information to stakeholders, communities and/or affected people before and during construction works including at least 7 days prior to the start of works and again at least 1 day prior to works through issuing a pamphlet booklet to affected persons 7. Impacts on the existing  Public utilities like road, electric  List showing utilities in the Demolition PID/PMU public utilities poles, and telecom poles will not demolishing area Contractor/ be disturbed from the demolition  Contingency plan for Thanjavur activities. However, if it is Municipal

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n disturbed, the Contractor should services disruption Corporation inform the appropriate agency and immediately the issues should be rectified. Till that time the demolition activity should be put on hold. 8. Land and Water Pollution  Identify proper location to dispose  Site fencing Demolition PID/PMU wastewater from demolition and  Numbers of Silt traps Contractor / other activities in consultation with constructed at site Thanjavur respective local bodies  Proper drainage system Municipal  Silt fencing should be provided provided at site Corporation surrounding the water body to  Regular cleaning of drains prevent surface runoff from the during monsoon period demolishing site entering the water  Inventory details of the bodies Hazardous waste  Dispose the waste water in (Asbestos) identified location considering the  Use site photographs and environment and safety aspects baseline information  Prohibit the contamination of (chapter 4) for selection of groundwater site for dumping  Hazardous waste (Asbestos) construction and should be stored separately and it demolishing wastes should be handed over to the authorised Hazardous waste handling agency (as approved by TNPCB)  Before the dumping of the demolition waste, an agreement with the municipality/ panchayat and concerned agencies to dispose the debris should be obtained prior to any demolition activity occurring.  Designated site for disposal should be identified in coordination with ULB 121

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n 9. Waste generation  Develop and Implement Waste  records of excavated soil Demolition PID/PMU (including demolition Management Plan for demolition and Contractor / debris/ waste) and works in consultation with  records of reuse and Thanjavur improper disposal Municipality / Panchayat disposal of excavated soil Municipal  Demolition stage:  Identification and approval Corporation o Transport of recyclables of disposal site /scrap/ discarded equipment  Waste Management Plan either to identified depots or approved to be handed over to subproject beneficiaries for use or re-sale o Store all refuse and construction & demolition debris / waste generated on demolition sites away from water bodies / water sources / drainage and in designated areas and remove them from these locations for disposal to approved disposal sites or re- use for backfilling / site reclamation o Maximize the re-use of spoils, construction & demolition debris / wastes to minimize waste disposal o For construction & demolition debris / waste, licensed companies will be hired to collect, transport and dispose of wastes at licensed dump facilities o Biodegradable waste such as cleared vegetation may be provided to local communities for use

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n o The proponent shall provide the dispenser for the disposal of Sanitary Napkins o Waste burning will be prohibited o No final waste disposal on site / off-site unless in approved disposal facilities / landfills o Comply with the ban on one time use and throwaway plastics under Tamil Nadu Government Order 10. Disturbance to the local  Install corresponding signs,  Site work plan prepared Demolition PID/PMU Population and pedestrians hoarding boards, organization of by Demolition Contractor Contractor / bypasses (as per the MoRTH and approved by ULB Thanjavur specifications).  Traffic plan and records of Municipal  Install barriers (GI sheets, geo-net) road signage’s Corporation especially for the building facing the road side to shield from dust and aggregates  Provide adequate street lighting, hard barricading at demolition site for the night to prevent accident  Conduct consultation with the local communities and provide detail in the language that is understandable to the local community regarding project activities and the anticipated impacts as part of the project information dissemination (prior to the start of the demolishing activity).  Manual method for demolishing the encroached structures should 123

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n be preferred over the use of heavy equipment’s to minimise the noise and vibration impacts to the surroundings  Display the project related information including the GRM details at the project (demolishing) site.  Demolition activity should not be carried out in the night time (as per the labour law and 8 hours working time should be adopted) 11. Vibration Impact  Precaution will be taken while  maintenance record of Demolition PID/PMU using the machines and construction vehicles and Contractor / equipment, during demolition equipment Thanjavur  Before any works commences,  records of noise Municipal conduct situation analysis in the monitoring as per Table Corporation subproject area of influence for 36 checking structural integrity of  contractor site and nearby building that may be consultation records affected by vibration during demolition works.  Noise level measurements shall be taken once before the start of the demolition works to establish the baseline; and once after completion of the demolition works  Contractor will be responsible for creating awareness among the operators to ensure careful handling of machines and equipment and heavy vehicles like excavators and dump trucks during mechanical demolition  The contractor will inform the surrounding settlements/

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n residences and community in prior to operations that bear the risk of nuisance and accidents.  The contractor shall maintain the records of the consultations including dates, names and actions agreed to.  The contractor will be responsible for compensating if there are any damage to structures due to vibration resulting from demolition. 12. Traffic and pedestrian road  Traffic congestion near the entry  maintenance record of Demolition PID/PMU congestion and exit points from the roads construction vehicles and Contractor/ adjoining the proposed project site equipment Thanjavur must be avoided  contractor site specific Municipal  The transportation vehicles will be plan Corporation parked within the premises of demolishing site  Prohibit the parking of the transportation vehicles outside the demolition site  Put hoarding board to inform the pedestrian, road users and adjacent commercial shops/ offices about the activities. The mitigation activities should be recorded and documented.

 Alternative access should be provided, in case of road blocking due to the movement of construction transporting vehicles, 13. Safety for the Demolition  Prepare H&S plan and include the  use of PPEs Demolition PID/PMU Workers measures such as (i) type of  records of PPEs procured Contractor / hazards during demolishing works; and issued for use Thanjavur (ii) corresponding personal Municipal 125

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n protective equipment for each  EHS training records Corporation identified hazard; (iii) H&S training for all site personnel; (iv)  compliance of all procedures to be followed for all regulations regarding site activities; and (v) ladders, work at height etc documentation of work-related accidents  An environment, health and safety site officer should also be nominated by the demolition contractor.  Make mandatory the use of safety gears/ PPEs (helmets, safety belts, masks, gloves and boot) by workers depending on nature of work.  Necessary planning and safety approach will be made for rescue during emergency.  The ULB will have to check whether the provisions made in the Construction Safety Plan are implemented accordingly.  Workers will be provided with first aid and health facilities at the site.  There will be provision for group accidental insurance for the workers.  First Aid Room shall be provided in the project site during the entire construction and operation phases of the project  Child labour is strictly prohibited in all the activities executed by the Contractors  penalty for non-compliance to be

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n tied with payment withholding and/or termination of contract  Respective provisions will be included in the contract document with contractor. 14. Impacts due to the  The transportation of the waste  Temporary Traffic Demolition PID/PMU Transportation from the and other materials should be in Management Plan Contractor / Demolition area safe manner considering the rule Thanjavur of road traffic. Municipal  The schedule for the Corporation transportation should be made not to coincide during peak traffic hours,  Safety measures to be considered while transporting the materials  Covering the trucks with plastic sheets to prevent dust pollution and other hazards 15. Site selection of waste  The waste from the demolition  Disposal site selected and Demolition PID/PMU disposal activities will be disposed on the approved by ULB Contractor/ prescribed area in consultation  Records of materials Thanjavur with municipality/ panchayat. disposed at disposal site Municipal  The waste disposal should not be  Log book maintained for Corporation near to any type of water resource debris disposal or environmentally sensitive area  Disposal area should be far from the community and settlement  The disposal of waste should not further deteriorate the surrounding environment.  The identified site should be approved by the ULB 16. Construction Site  Contractor to prepare site  Visual observation (before Demolition PID/PMU Restoration restoration plans for approval by and after site photos for Contractor / the PID. The plan has to be record) Thanjavur 127

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n implemented by the contractor Municipal before demobilization Corporation  On completion of the works, all rubbish/ construction debris, other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s expense, to the entire satisfaction of the PID. 17. Labour Requirements  The Contractor, for any unskilled  As per the contractual Demolition PID/PMU labour, should draw from the local obligations Contractor / communities to avoid any Thanjavur additional stress on the existing Municipal facilities (medical services, power, Corporation water supply, etc.)  The Contractor shall provide training to build the skills of locally- recruited labour. 18. Social and Cultural  No cultural properties or religious  Chance find protocol Demolition PID/PMU Resources structures shall be removed or  ASI suggestion/ feedback Contractor / relocated without the knowledge on the ancient wall like Thanjavur and written consent of the structure Municipal concerned parties or communities Corporation and local administration as the case may be. Sites for the relocation of these religious structures shall be identified following the choice of the community.  As far as possible, the architectural elements of the structure should be conserved/reflected/translated into the design of new structures following the wishes of the community

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n  For any Chance find, consult Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) or Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department to obtain an expert assessment of the archaeological potential of the site.  As per the AMASR Act 2010, 300m buffer has to be maintained from the ASI monuments, the encroachment sites Vadakkualangam and Kodimarathumoolai are located within 300m buffer and hence for carrying out the demolishing works, TNSCB should consult ASI prior to tendering of any works to discuss about the proposed subproject activities and to get their feedback/ recommendations, which has to be minuted and incorporated in the IEE and EMPs. The Contract for demolition works shall adopt the recommendations shared by the ASI and revised EMP. No demolition works should occur prior to ASI consultation.  TNSCB should consult ASI to get the suggestion/ feedback on the ancient wall like structures located in the Sekkaditheru encroachment site and will be required to prepare a heritage impact assessment and management plan in close consultation and support of ASI which has to be reincorporated into the IEE and EMPs. This 129

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Targets Responsibility Responsibility for for Supervision Implementatio n meeting will be minuted. The Contract for demolition works shall adopt the recommendations shared by the ASI and relevant EMP. No demolition works should occur prior to ASI consultation.  Consider alternatives if the site is found to be of medium or high risk.  Include state and local archaeological, cultural and historical authorities, and interest groups in consultation forums as project stakeholders so that their expertise can be made available.  Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved.

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Table 35: Environmental Management Plan for Regeneration Works - Big Temple Moat Encroachment Area Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision 1. Pre-Construction 1.1 Assessment of Baseline parameters for Water quality and  Water and Soil Contractor / PID/PMU Environmental Parameters Soil quality have to be assessed prior to quality Thanjavur commencement of work. parameters Municipal Corporation

1.2 Consent, NOCs,  Contractor should obtain Permissions/ NoC  Estimated Contractor/ PID/PMU Permissions and SEMP from the TNPCB if the desilting material is quantity of the Thanjavur equal to or greater than 20 tons per day or Construction and Municipal 300 tons per project in a month Demolishing Corporation  Before the disposal of the desilting Waste materials/ silt waste, make an agreement  Operation and with the municipality/ panchayat and maintenance plan concerned agencies to dispose the debris.  Written  Obtain labour insurance and labour licence agreement on for the workers involved in the demolishing disposal of activities construction and  Submission and approval of updated EMP/ demolition waste SEMP prior to starting of work to the  Approved SEMP Thanjavur Municipal Corporation/PID by PID  Operation and maintenance plan should also be prepared prior to completion of construction  As per the AMASR Act 2010, 300m buffer has to be maintained from the ASI monuments, the encroachment sites Vadakkualangam and Kodimarathumoolai are located within 300m buffer and hence for carrying out the regeneration works, TNSCB should consult ASI to discuss about the proposed subproject activities and to get their feedback/ recommendations, which has to be minuted and incorporated in the IEE and EMPs. The Contract for regeneration works shall adopt the recommendations shared by the ASI. 131

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision No regeneration works should occur prior to ASI consultation.  TNSCB should consult ASI to get the suggestion/ feedback on the ancient wall like structures located in the Sekkaditheru encroachment site. And, will be required to prepare a heritage impact assessment and management plan in close consultation and support of ASI which has to be reincorporated into the IEE and EMPs. This meeting will be minuted. The Contract for regeneration works shall adopt the recommendations shared by the ASI. No regeneration works should occur prior to ASI consultation. 1.3 Workers camp / labours  Provide water and sanitation facilities  Location of Contractor / PID/PMU accommodation (situated separately for men and women); construction Thanjavur regular cleaning and disinfection of site camp approved Municipal  Provide adequate electricity / lighting by PID Corporation  Provide potable water / storage tanks  Construction  Conduct regular health check-up / provide camp having all access to medical care the basic  First Aid Room shall be provided in the amenities with project site during the entire construction proper sanitary and operation phases of the project conditions  The proponent shall provide the dispenser drainage and for the disposal of Sanitary Napkins watery supply  Provide solid waste bins and collection; no  Contractor health final disposal on-site or burning of wastes is and waste allowed in the workers camp / labours disposal records accommodation  Comply with the ban on one time use and throwaway plastics under Tamil Nadu Government Order  Discharge construction / workers camp sewage / wastewater into onsite septic

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision tanks or connect to local public sewer system 1.4 Lack of sufficient design  Develop and Implement Regeneration  Detailed design/ Contractor / PID/PMU and planning to ensure Works Standard Operation & Maintenance master plan for Thanjavur long term sustainability Plan (SOMP), including a minimum: regeneration Municipal and protection of assets o Clearance and fencing works Corporation created o Re-greening / re-vegetation of banks /  Approved land along water bodies and channels Standard o New plantations with native species operation and o Implement site specific plans in close maintenance plan coordination with municipality e.g. waste management plan, sewerage collection and management plan, etc o Preference should be given to low GHG embedded materials. o The possibilities of using local materials or recycled materials should be explored. 2. Construction Stage 2.1 Permissions from various During construction, the permits obtained by  Maintain record Contractor / PID/PMU departments the contractor shall be periodically examined for validity Thanjavur and validity be ensured. This includes the information with Municipal Consent for the Batching plants from where respect to the Corporation the contractor sources the concrete, Labour permissions/ License, insurances etc. NoCs 2.2 i. De-silting of lakes  The desilted earth should be disposed in a  Maintain record of Contractor / PID/PMU ii. Construction of designated area in consultation with the de-silted soil Thanjavur diversion drains Municipality/ Panchayat quantity Municipal iii. Strengthening of  Use of heavy construction equipments/  Record for solid Corporation bunds machineries shall be prohibited, Manual waste methods of regeneration works shall be management at adopted and any ASI recommendations site should be adopted by the Contractor.  The Contractor should make sure that no appreciable change to the drainage course shall occur due to the construction of diversion channel. 133

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision  Wetting of soil before trench excavation, wetting of brick, metal and sand before handling  Construction residues such as metal cuttings/ shavings, wood, packing materials and containers should be disposed as per applicable legal requirements (please refer Table 4) 2.3 Transportation of  Traffic congestion near the entry and exit  Maintain records Contractor / PID/PMU Construction materials points from the roads adjoining the of housekeeping Thanjavur proposed project site must be avoided  records of water Municipal  Vehicles transporting construction materials sprinkling Corporation prone to fugitive dust emissions should be  covered vehicles covered carrying  Trucks carrying sand should be provided Construction with tarpaulin sheets to cover the bed and materials sides of the trucks  Idling of delivery trucks or other equipment should be avoided during loading and unloading operations  Sprinkling of water (for materials such as blue metal, sand and brick) before unloading to suppress dust generation  Adequate care should be taken to prevent spillage of earth or construction materials offsite and in haul routes. Any such spillage should be removed immediately, and the area cleaned 2.4 Storage of construction  Construction materials should be stored  Maintain register Contractor / PID/PMU materials within the project area, without affecting the for construction Thanjavur traffic and other common utilities. materials Municipal  Storage of materials for regeneration works Corporation should be confined to work sites, so that there is no obstruction to natural drainage pattern at site; and they should be covered to reduce dust generation

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision 2.5 i. Management of  The excavated silt should be transported in  Maintain records Contractor / PID/PMU Excavated silt covered trucks and register should be of excavated soil Thanjavur ii. Construction debris maintained at the site.  records of reuse Municipal and excavated  Excavated silt is removed from the site and disposal of Corporation materials every day preventing storage excavated soil  Location for disposal of excavated silt  disposal site should be identified in consultation with the identified and Municipality/ Panchayat approved  Floating materials like plastics, weeds should be sent to the SWM (composting and plastic segregation) facility of the municipality.  The Contractor should ensure that silt is dry during transportation to the disposal site and dripping shall not be permitted. 2.6 Traffic Management  Traffic management should be in place by  Temporary Traffic Contractor/ PID/PMU the Contractor with adequate placement of Management Thanjavur traffic signals and traffic control personnel, Plan Municipal when the vehicles are passing through the Corporation local roads and near the project sites. Transportation of the construction materials to project sites and excavated silt/ wastes for disposal covered trucks shall be during non-peak hours 2.7 Nuisance to  If possible, the materials should be  maintenance Contractor / PID/PMU neighbourhood community transported through the temporary record of Thanjavur approach road formed without disturbing construction Municipal the neighbourhood community vehicles and Corporation  Safety hard barricading should be provided equipment while construction of drains near the  records of noise structures restricting entry to work place monitoring as per and signages should be placed. EMP  Work site lighting during night where ever  contractor required should be provided during the consultation implementation. records  Adequate slope gradient should be 135

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision maintained while strengthening the bund while working in the boundary of the site  Storage of materials should be within the earmarked areas of project area, without disturbing the nearby community  Conduct consultation with the local communities and provide detail in the language that is understandable to the local community about project activities and the anticipated impacts as part of the project information dissemination (prior to the start of the demolition activity)  Display the project related information including the GRM details in the project (demolishing) site.  Demolition activity should not be carried out at night (as per the labour la and 8 hours working time should be adopted) 2.8 Operation of construction  All construction vehicles should comply with  PUC available for Contractor / PID/PMU machinery emission standards and be maintained all vehicles Thanjavur properly. Wind shields or barriers (GI  maintenance Municipal sheets, geo-net) should be installed all record of Corporation along the site boundary to abate the dust construction carried over to the neighbouring areas. vehicles and  Use of ready-mix Concrete wherever equipment possible shall be explored. In the case of  records of water use of Concrete Mixer, Concrete Mixer sprinkling should be mounted on shelter with top and sides closed.  Sprinkling of water on metal & sand should be carried out before handling 2.9 Dust Pollution near  All earth work should be protected/ covered  Maintain records Contractor / PID/PMU settlements to minimize generation of dust. of housekeeping Thanjavur  Area under construction should be covered  maintenance Municipal & equipped with dust collector. record of Corporation  Construction material should be covered or construction

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision stored in such a manner so as to avoid vehicles and spreading of dust by wind. equipment  Unpaved haul roads near / passing through  exhaust silencers residential and commercial areas to be working properly watered thrice a day.  records of water  Trucks carrying construction material to be sprinkling at site adequately covered to avoid the dust  covered vehicles pollution and to avoid the material spillage. carrying excavated soil  records of Air Quality monitoring as per EMP 2.10 Vehicular noise pollution at  Maintenance of vehicles, equipment and  Maintenance Contractor / PID/PMU residential / neighbouring machinery should be regular to keep noise record of Thanjavur settlements from these at a minimum. construction Municipal  All vehicles and equipment used for vehicles and Corporation construction should be fitted with exhaust equipment silencers. During routine servicing  Exhaust silencers operations, the effectiveness of exhaust working properly silencers should be checked and if found to  Records of noise be defective, it should be replaced. monitoring as per  Notwithstanding any other conditions of EMP contract, noise level from any item of plant(s) will comply with the noise standards specified by CPCB.  If specific noise complaints are received during construction, the Contractor may be required to implement one or more of the following noise mitigation measures, as directed by the Engineer:  Shut off idling equipment.  Reschedule construction operations to avoid periods of noise annoyance identified in the complaint.  Notify nearby residents whenever 137

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision extremely noisy work will be occurring. 2.11 Chance finds  Construction contractors to follow these Maintain record for Contractor / PID/PMU measures in conducting the excavation the Chance find Thanjavur work Municipal o All fossils, coins, articles of value of Corporation antiquity, structures and other remains or things of geological or archaeological interest discovered on the site shall be the property of the Government and shall be dealt with as per provisions of the relevant legislation. o The contractor will take reasonable precautions to prevent his workmen or any other persons from removing and damaging any such article or thing. He will, immediately upon discovery thereof and before removal acquaint the ULB of such discovery and carry out the instructions for dealing with the same. o Stop work immediately to allow further investigation if any finds are suspected; o Create awareness among the workers, supervisors and engineers about the chance finds during excavation work. The ULB will inform State Archaeological Department if a find is suspected and seek direction from the Department prior to recommencing the work. o Develop a protocol for use by the construction contractors in conducting any excavation work, to ensure that any chance finds are recognized and measures are taken to ensure they are protected and conserved o TNSCB should consult ASI to get the suggestion/ feedback on the ancient

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision wall like structures located in the Sekkaditheru encroachment site. The Contract for demolition shall adopt the recommendations shared by the ASI. No demolition activities should occur prior to ASI consultation. 2.12 Pollution from Fuel and  Contractor shall ensure that all  Proper storage of Contractor / PID/PMU Lubricants vehicle/machinery and equipment fuel and Thanjavur operation, maintenance and refuelling will lubricants Municipal be carried out in such a fashion that  Impermeable Corporation spillage of fuels and lubricants does not membrane used contaminate the ground. in flooring of  Contractor will arrange for collection, storage yard to storing and disposal of oily wastes to the prevent soil and pre-identified disposal sites water pollution 2.13 Site clearance/ levelling  Sprinkling of water to reduce dust  Maintain record Contractor / PID/PMU generation. for water Thanjavur  All vehicles, equipment and machinery to sprinkling and Municipal be procured for construction shall confirm  Records of PUCs Corporation to the relevant Bureau of Indian Standards for construction (BIS) Norms and relevant emission/safety vehicles and norms and/or standards equipment 2.14 Identification and selection  The Contractor will identify materials from  Maintain record of Contractor / PID/PMU of Quarries existing licensed quarries MoU/ NOCs/ Thanjavur Consent from Municipal TNPCB for the Corporation quarries 2.15 Labour requirements and  The contractor should engage local labours  Maintain labour Contractor / PID/PMU facilities to avoid conflict with local communities register Thanjavur  The contractor has to adopt a Code of Municipal Conduct for the migrant labours to sort out Corporation any issues with the locals  Labour camp (if any) should be provided with water and sanitation facilities.  All the basic amenities as mentioned in the Factory Act, BOCW Act and Safety, Health 139

Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision & Welfare at Work (Construction) Regulation 2013, should be provided by the contractor 2.16 Occupational health and  Prepare H&S plan and include the  Maintain records Contractor / PID/PMU Safety measures such as (i) type of hazards on accidents, Thanjavur during demolishing works; (ii) near misses Municipal corresponding personal protective  Approved health Corporation equipment for each identified hazard; (iii) and safety plan H&S training for all site personnel; (iv) procedures to be followed for all site activities; and (v) documentation of work- related accidents  An environment, health and safety site officer should also be nominated by the contractor.  Workers should be provided with necessary occupational health and safety equipment such as protective face mask, head gear, eye shields / protective goggles and safety gloves etc.  Emergency contact numbers including Ambulance should be displayed at the project site and labour accommodation. First aid will be made available at site.  Health check-up for the labourers should be carried out periodically due to exposure to slushy soil.  Elevated platforms should be equipped with handrails, toe boards and non-slip surfaces  Personal Floatation devices (life vests), First Aid Kits, Fire Extinguisher, Tow rope, etc. shall be provided on vehicles / floats while working near water filled portions of the water body 2.17 Safety Measures During  Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for  use of PPEs Contractor / PID/PMU Construction workers on the project and adequate safety  records of PPEs Thanjavur measures for workers during handling of Municipal

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Sl.no Environmental Issues Mitigation Measures Indicators and Responsibility for Responsibility Targets Implementation for Supervision materials at site will be taken up. procured and Corporation  Adequate strutting should be provided to issued for use avoid collapse of soil.  compliance of all  The contractor has to comply with all regulations regulations regarding safe scaffolding, regarding ladders, working platforms, gangway, scaffolding, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe ladders and work means of entry and egress. at height  The used construction materials including nails, wooden pieces and other waste generated should be immediately removed from the work site after completing the construction work  Where ever required, signage’s, reflectors and work site lighting should be provided 2.18 Barricading site  The construction site should be barricaded  Maintain record Contractor/ PID/PMU with adequate marking, flags, reflectors etc. and to replace the Thanjavur for safety of general traffic movement, damaged / Municipal neighbouring settlements and pedestrians broken reflector/ Corporation barricade tapes 2.19 Clearing of site and  On completion of the works, the left-over  Site photographs, Contractor / PID/PMU restoration construction materials should be removed before and after Thanjavur by the contractor from project site for reuse/ completion of the Municipal proper disposal. works Corporation  All temporary structures will be cleared away, all rubbish cleared, excreta or other  Site inspection disposal pits or trenches filled in and report effectively sealed off and the site left clean and tidy, at the contractor’s expenses, to the entire satisfaction of the ULB.

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Table 36: Pre-construction and Construction Stage Environmental Monitoring Plan Monitoring Field Monitoring Location Monitoring Parameters Frequency Responsibility Construction All work sites ((i) Resettlement (i) Implementation of Weekly during Contractor under the disturbances, Construction works in Vallam, construction stage EMP construction supervision of PID nuisances, public and (ii) Building demolishing works including dust control, (sampling locations shall be worker safety in Big temple moat area, noise control, traffic identified by the Thanjavur and (iii) management, and safety Environment specialist of Regeneration of water body/ measures. PID) canal in Thanjavur) (ii) Site inspection checklist to review implementation is appended at Appendix 17 Ambient air quality Pre-Construction Stage: one PM10, PM2.5 NO2, SO2 and CO (i) Once before start of Contractor under the sample at each location construction (pre- supervision of PID Construction stage: two construction) (sampling locations shall be samples at each location (ii) Monthly monitoring identified by the during peak Environment specialist of Sampling locations: construction activity, PID). The environmental (i) Resettlement Construction which will be followed specialist (PID), shall decide works in Vallam, (ii) Building by quarterly monitoring the frequency of the demolishing works in Big (till the project monitoring as per the temple moat area, Thanjavur completion). construction schedule and (iii) Regeneration of water body/ canal in Thanjavur

Sampling method: At the work sites during pre- construction stage and 50 m downwind direction near the work sites during the construction stage Ambient noise Similar to ambient air quality Day time and night time noise (i) Once before start of Contractor under the locations and sample size levels construction (pre- supervision of PID including methodology. construction) (sampling locations shall be (ii) Monthly monitoring identified by the during peak Environment specialist of construction activity, PID). The environmental which is followed by specialist (PID), shall decide quarterly monitoring the frequency of the (till the project monitoring as per the

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Monitoring Field Monitoring Location Monitoring Parameters Frequency Responsibility completion). construction schedule Surface water quality Pre-Construction Stage: one pH, Oil and grease, Cl, F, Every quarter during Contractor under the sample at each location NO3, TC, FC, Hardness, construction stage (till supervision of PID Construction stage: One Turbidity BOD, COD, DO, E- the project completion) (sampling locations shall be sample at each location coli, Total Alkalinity, Heavy identified by the metals and Pesticides. Environment specialist of Sampling locations: PID) (i) Building demolishing works in Big temple moat area, Thanjavur and (ii) Regeneration of water body/ canal in Thanjavur

Environmental TNSCB official website As per Environment Annual (Financial PID/ PMU statement for each (Protection) Rules, 1986 Year) financial year ending 31 March in Form V 143

Table 37: Operation Stage Environmental Monitoring Plan Monitoring field Monitoring location Monitoring parameters Frequency Responsibility Ambient air quality Two samples at Vallam resettlement PM10, PM2.5 NO2, SO2 and CO Every quarter Contractor under the site during supervision of PID during Sampling method: operation (for 2 the DLP one sampling location should be years) located at 50 m downwind direction from the Vallam site and another sampling location should be located within the premises Ambient noise Similar to ambient air quality location Day time and night time noise Every quarter Contractor under the and sample size and same levels during supervision of PID during methodology. operation (for 2 the DLP years)

Surface water Two sample in the water body / Canal pH, Oil and grease, Cl, F, NO3, TC, Every quarter Contractor under the quality (Regeneration Site) FC, Hardness, Turbidity BOD, during supervision of PID during COD, DO, E-coli, Total Alkalinity, operation (for 2 the DLP Heavy metals and Pesticides. years)

Water quality Operation Stage: One sample at each pH, Oil and grease, Cl, F, NO3, TC, Monthly TWAD under the (potable water water sump FC, Hardness, Turbidity BOD, monitoring supervision of PID’s supplied by TWAD) COD, DO,E-coli, Total Alkalinity (Cost for monitoring ,heavy metals and pesticides. should be borne by the TWAD) STP (Treated Operation Stage: Two water samples to  Total suspended solids, pH, Oil Monthly STP service provider/ Water) be collected at (i) Inlet and (ii) outlet and grease, Ammonical monitoring third party monitoring from the STP. nitrogen, Biochemical Oxygen, under the supervision of Dissolved Oxygen, and PID’s (Cost for One sludge sample should be collected Phenolic compounds (as monitoring should be C6H5OH) borne by the STP service  Sludge sample should be provider) tested for Fecal Coliforms/ pathogenic bacteria Environmental TNSCB official website As per Environment (Protection) Annual PID/ PMU statement for each Rules, 1986 (Financial financial year Year) ending 31 March in Form V

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B. Implementation Arrangements

175. TNSCB will be responsible for the management, coordination and execution of all subproject activities funded under IRSHUPSP. The Government of Tamil Nadu has approved the formation of the Project Management Unit (PMU) for the project vide G.O.(2D) No.27, H&UD(SC2(2)) Department, dated: 12 February 2019.

176. Project Management Unit (PMU). The PMU will be headed by Joint Managing Director/ Project Director and will be assisted by the Chief Engineer, Superintending Engineer and the Executive Engineer. The PMU will design the infrastructure, manage the tendering of contracts, supervise the construction / demolition process, assure the technical quality of design and construction, provide advice/ assistance on institutional capacity development and ensure subproject compliance to ADB 2009, EARF, RF and loan covenants. The PMU shall appoint the contractors to build the infrastructure elements and will manage the construction and commissioning activities. The PMU will seek government clearance for submission and disclosure of the environmental, social and resettlement monitoring reports to ADB. To ensure effective implementation of environmental safeguards procedures, an environmental consultant will be assigned to the environmental team of the PMU. The environmental consultant will be supported by an Assistance Executive Engineer and two (2) Assistant Engineers who will be full time employees of the TNSCB. The PMU will be responsible for the following environmental safeguard activities:

(i) Ensure subproject compliance to GoI, GoTN statutory and legal environmental requirements, ADB SPS 2009, the project EARF, and loan covenants (ii) Ensure subprojects conforms to exclusion criteria and subproject selection guidelines as stipulated in the EARF (iii) Review and approve subproject category for environment (iv) Review and approve subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs; ensure that updated subproject IEEs and EMPs reflect final subproject detailed design and submit to ADB for approval (v) Check whether all relevant permits / environmental clearances/approvals as per GoI and GoTN are obtained in a timely manner (vi) Ensure that full IEE studies and EMPs are included in bidding documents, contract clauses and civil works (vii) Ensure an efficient subproject implementation in line with IEE studies and reports and EMPs with adequate budget (viii) Review and approve quarterly environmental monitoring reports submitted by PIDs (Environment / Social Cell) and submit to ADB (ix) Support the preparation of quarterly and annual monitoring reports and submit to ADB (x) Ensure effective GRM set up and monitor grievances redress process and ensure timely redress (xi) Ensure adequate awareness campaigns, information disclosure and additional consultations are held within affected communities / host communities to minimize resistance and ensure hassle free transition for the project beneficiaries to new resettlement sites (xii) Periodical review of safeguards related loan covenants, and the compliance in project implementation (xiii) Organize periodic capacity building and training programs for subproject staff in safeguards 145

(xiv) Ensure that subproject activities are synchronized between the RPs and EMP implementation (xv) Ensure that any damage to areas and infrastructure outside the agreed work sites (Corridor of Impact assessed in RP) will be restored to pre-construction conditions and will be subject to compensation at contractor cost and through written agreement with the land owner, as applicable (xvi) Ensure availability of budget for safeguards activities (xvii) Ensuring disclosure of EARF, IEEs and EMPs, and monitoring documents (xviii) Ensure that IEE studies and GoI EIA studies for a subproject is prepared concurrently to avoid any inconsistencies and ensure robust environmental assessment is undertaken.

177. Project Implementation Divisions (PIDs). The PMU will be supported by the Project Implementation Unit Circle (PIU) and a total of three (3) PIDs, established at Madurai, Salem and Villupuram for implementation of IRSHUPSP. The Superintending Engineering of the PIU Circle will be in charge of all PIDs in the Circle. Each of the PIDs will be headed by a PID Head or Executive Engineer. The PIU Circle and PIDs will be responsible for the implementation, management and monitoring of the subprojects and supervision of contractors and all day-to- day activities in the field. The PID located in Salem will be responsible for Implementation, management and monitoring of the Vallam Resettlement site.

178. To ensure effective implementation of environmental safeguards procedures, three (3) environmental specialists will be hired as independent consultants and assigned to the Environment Cell of each PID. The environmental specialist will be supported by one (1) Assistant / Junior Engineer that will be full time employee of the TNSCB. PID (Environment Cell) will be responsible for the following environmental safeguard activities. (i) Identify/select subprojects in compliance with the key exclusion criteria and subproject selection guidelines stipulated in EARF (ii) Conduct regular site visits for overseeing compliance with safeguards (iii) Prepare screening checklists and submit to PMU for categorization; update checklist and category as and when required to reflect subproject changes, and report to PMU (iv) Work closely with design teams to include environmental considerations in subproject location, design and technical specifications. (v) Identify and obtain statutory environmental clearance/permissions/approvals required for subproject (vi) Include standards/conditions, if any, stipulated in regulatory clearances, consents in the subproject detailed design (vii) Conduct environmental baseline surveys (viii) Prepare subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs and submit to PMU for approval (ix) Update subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs to reflect any changes in subproject during detail design / implementation; IEE shall reflect the final subproject design; IEE shall also be updated in case of any unanticipated impacts (x) Conduct adequate awareness campaigns are held with affected persons and within the host communities to minimize resistance and ensure hassle free transition for the affected persons / resettled households to new locations (xi) Conduct meaningful consultation in compliance with the EARF; disclose relevant information on safeguards to stakeholders, affected people etc. reflect inputs from public consultation in subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs

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(xii) Integrate EMP into the bid and contract documents (xiii) Review and approval of contractor’s site specific EMP (e.g., C-EMP / D-EMP/ R- EMP), individual sub-plans and SOMPs as indicated in Appendix 3 of EARF. (xiv) Ensure implementation of subproject C-EMP / D-EMP / R-EMP, individual sub- plans and SOMPs as indicated in Appendix 3 of EARF by contractors (xv) Establish GRM at divisional level; coordinate grievance redress process, registration, records, information dissemination, etc., and ensure timely actions by all parties; report to PMU (xvi) Conduct training and capacity building activities (workshops, hands-on trainings, visits etc.) to contractors and field level staff as well as participating ULBs or PWDs (as necessary) in C-EMP/D-EMP/R-EMP, individual sub-plans and SOMPs implementation. (xvii) Undertake internal monitoring and supervision and record observations throughout the subproject implementation period. (xviii) Review and approval of contractor’s monthly report, consolidation into quarterly progress reports and submission to PMU (xix) Submit periodic monitoring reports22 to the PMU, who will then submit these to the ADB.

179. Contractors. Contractors will appoint their own Contractor Environment, Health and Safety (C-EHS) and Contractor Grievance Redressal Mechanism (C-GRM) staff as well as Contractor Asbestos Containing Materials (C-ACM) staff for construction works at resettlement sites, demolition sites / removal of encroachments and regeneration works23. All the contractors will be required to prepare a site-specific EMP (C-EMP / D-EMP /R-EMP) and Standard Operation and Maintenance Plans (SOMP) manuals. The contractors will bear the costs of preparing these site-specific plans included in the EMP. The contracts will not be awarded until the SEIAA has approved all environmental clearances, other relevant permits and clearances have been obtained, ADB has approved the subproject IEEs and EMPs and corresponding subproject EMPs are included in the bid and contract documents. The following are the key safeguards tasks for contractors.

(i) Submit site specific EMP for construction, demolition and regeneration works, individual sub-plans and SOMPs to PID (ii) Attend training and capacity building sessions (iii) Conduct orientation and daily briefing sessions to workers on EHS (iv) Ensure that appropriate worker facilities (workers accommodation / camps) are provided at the work sites in line with this EARF (v) Register and maintain records of all work-related accidents, and undertake remedial actions to mitigate/minimize recurrence (vi) Implement EMP measures and report to PIDs if any new impacts are surfaced; seek guidance from PID as required in EMP implementation (vii) Conduct environmental monitoring (air, noise, etc.) as per the monitoring plan (viii) Prepare monthly EMP monitoring reports and submit to PID (ix) Address any grievances effectively and in timely manner

22 The l periodic monitoring report will focus on the progress of implementation of the safeguard, issues encountered and measures adopted, follow-up actions required, if any, as well as the status of compliance with subprojects election criteria and relevant loan covenants. 23 C-ACM staff appointment will be for demolition / removal of encroachment works only. 147

180. The PMU and PIDs will ensure that the contractors are aware of their obligations including specific provisions requiring contractors to comply with: (i) all applicable labour laws and core labour standards on (a) prohibition of child labour as defined in national legislation for construction and maintenance activities; construction site should not hire any child below 18 years of age; (b) equal pay for equal work of equal value regardless of gender, ethnicity, or caste including no discrimination against pregnant women and (c) prohibition of forced labour; and with (ii) the requirement to disseminate information on health & safety risks due to transmittable diseases, including HIV/AIDS and COVID-1924, to employees

181. If the TNSCB PMU fails to comply with the loan and legal agreements on safeguards requirements, ADB will seek corrective measures and work with the TNSCB PMU to achieve compliance. If the TNSCB PMU fails to re- establish compliance, then ADB may exercise remedies, including suspension, cancellation or acceleration of maturity that are available under ADB legal agreements. Before resorting to such measures, ADB will use other available means to rectify the situation satisfactory to all parties to the legal agreements, including initiating dialogue with the parties concerned to achieve compliance with legal agreements. Further details on institutional roles and responsibilities for safeguards implementation are presented in Table 38.

Table 38: Institutional Roles and Responsibilities for Safeguards Implementation Project Stage Tasks Responsible Agency Implementation Supervision Subproject  Ensuring that the key exclusion criteria PIDs PMU identification and and environmental guidelines for (Environment (Environment finalization subproject selection are adhered to Cell) Team)  Prepare REA and No Mitigation (Scoping) checklists  Categorize the subproject

 Identify GoI and GoTN regulatory PIDs PMU Preliminary requirements (clearances/approvals/ (Environment (Environment design consents etc.) Cell) Team)  Check latest amendments to EIA  Notification 2006 for environmental clearance requirement and subproject categorization (B1 / B2)  Preparation of subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs  Delineating and mapping of catchment PID (Environment PMU areas of encroached water bodies and/or Cell) (Environment areas vulnerable to flooding hazards and Team) mapping  Delineating and mapping ROW for water canals / channels

24 The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has released the Environmental and Social Management Framework for India #COVID19 Emergency Response and Health Systems Preparedness Project; particularly Annex IV: India COVID-19 Project – Clauses for Inclusion in Civil Works Contracts; The document can be accessed here: https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/EnvironmentalandSocialManagementFrameworkforindiaCOVID19EmergencyRespons eandHealthSystemsPreparednessProjectP173836.pdf The Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India has released the Occupational Safety, Health, Working Conditions Code, No. 37, 28th September 2020; the document can be accessed here: http://dgms.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Occupational Safety Health Code Act 2020 as assented by the President of India637370849494550871.pdf

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Project Stage Tasks Responsible Agency Implementation Supervision Conduct survey and develop database for PID / PMU with PMU information management for: support of other public / state  Number of project beneficiaries agencies  full demographic and socio-economic profiles of project beneficiaries  complete inventory of livelihood and asset losses due to physical and economic displacement of the project beneficiary  information on environmental impacts of the subproject at the beneficiary-level Detailed design  Mitigation measures specified in PIDs PMU subproject IEE studies and reports (Environment (Environment incorporated in subproject detailed design Cell) Team)  Updating of subproject IEE studies and reports to integrate any changes in subproject after approval of studies and reports  Conducting capacity development PIDs PMU activities for staff, hired workers, (Environment (Environment contractors Cell) Team)

 For subprojects involving facilities and/or PIDs PMU business activities that already exist or are (Environment (Environment under construction, undertake an Cell) Team) environment and/or social compliance audit, including on-site assessment, to identify past or present concerns related to impacts on the environment. Where non-compliance is identified, a Corrective

Action Plan shall be prepared, and agreed on by ADB and the TNSCB PMU (Environment Team) and implemented, accordingly.  Obtain all necessary environmental PIDs PMU clearances, consents, and no objection (Environment (Environment certificates (NOCs) as per the national Cell) Team) and state legal framework prior to bid invitation and/or award of contract25  Meaningful consultations carried out in a PIDs PMU manner commensurate with the impacts (Environment (Environment on affected stakeholders. The consultation Cell / Social Cell) Team / Social process and its results to be documented / Impact and reflected in the subproject IEE Assessment reports. Team) Information Disclosure: For Category B PIDs PMU  Disclosure on the TNSCB website of the (Environment (Environment draft subproject IEEs and EMPs; updated Cell) Team) IEEs and EMPs including corrective action PMU

25 TNSCB will take into cognizance that it is a best practice to obtain all necessary environmental clearances, consents, etc., prior to bid invitation; however, these must be clearly obtained prior to award of contract. 149

Project Stage Tasks Responsible Agency Implementation Supervision plans; environmental monitoring reports. (Environment  Disclosure of draft IEE (and EMP) in a Team) timely manner, in an accessible place and in a form and language understandable to affected people and other stakeholders. Any revised IEE (and EMP) should be disclosed to affected people and other stakeholders.  Disclosure on ADB website of the final ADB ADB subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs; updated subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs and corrective action plans; environmental monitoring reports.  Incorporate final subproject EMP into PIDs PMU bid/contract documents (Environment (Environment Cell) Team) Appraisal  EMP and other environmental covenants PIDs PMU are incorporated into the sector loan (Environment (Environment agreement and project administration Cell) Team) memorandum (PAM)  Approval of subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs prior to invitation of bids  All clearances are in place prior to invitation of bid / award of contracts / start of work  Effective GRM established prior to award PIDs PMU of contracts (Environment (Environment Cell) Team) Approval ADB will be responsible for regular review and ADB - timely approval of subproject IEE studies and reports and EMPs (draft and final)

Bid Invitation and  Approval of subproject IEE studies and PIDs Award of reports and EMPs a must prior to bid (Environment Contracts invitations Cell) PMU  Subproject EMPs to be incorporated into contracts.  Ensure all statutory national and state clearances prior to award of contracts Subproject  Development and approval of site-specific Contractors Implementation Construction-EMP and Demolition-EMP by contractors and individual sub-plans PMU  Implementation of above EMP including monitoring and reporting plans by PIDs contractors and submission of monthly (Environment reports to PIDs (Environment Cell), Cell)  Submission of Quarterly progress reports

(Environment Cell) to PMU (Environment Team) including corrective action plan PMU where a non-compliance is Identified (Environment  Conduct public consultation and

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Project Stage Tasks Responsible Agency Implementation Supervision awareness programs as per EARF Team)  Overall compliance monitoring and submission of quarterlymonitoring report during construction stage and annual reporting during operation stage by PMU (Environment Team) to ADB  ADB will be responsible for reviewing regular monitoring reports

182. Training Needs. The following Table 39 presents the outline of capacity building program to ensure EMP implementation. These capacity building and trainings will be conducted at the offices of PMU and PIDs by the environmental safeguards specialist of PID, which are part of project implementation set-up, and therefore no separate or additional costs are envisaged. Adequate costs are already considered in project’s capacity building program. The detailed program and specific modules will be customized for the available skill set after assessing the capabilities of the target participants and the requirements of the project by the PMU.

Table 39: Outline Capacity Building Program on EMP Implementation Sl.no Description Target Participants and Cost and Source Venue of Funds 1 Introduction and Sensitization to Environmental All staff and consultants (if Included in the Issues (1 day) any) involved in the overall program  ADB Safeguards Policy Statement subproject cost  Government of India and Tamil Nadu applicable safeguard laws, regulations PMU Office (combined and policies including but not limited to program for all PIDs) core labor standards, OH and S, etc.  Incorporation of EMP into the project design and contracts  Monitoring, reporting and corrective action planning 2 EMP implementation (1/2 day) All PID staff, contractor staff To be  EMP mitigation and monitoring and consultants (if any) conducted by measures involved in the subproject PID  Roles and responsibilities (Environmental  Public relations, - Consultations PID Office Specialist) at  Grievance redress the PID office;  Monitoring and corrective action part of project planning implementation  Reporting and disclosure cost  Construction site standard operating procedures (SOP)  Chance find (archeological) protocol  Work near ASI monuments  AC pipe protocol  Traffic management plan  Waste management plan  Site clean-up and restoration 3 Contractors Orientation to Workers (1/2 day)  Once before start of work, Contractors’  Environment, health and safety in and thereafter regular EHS officer to 151

Sl.no Description Target Participants and Cost and Source Venue of Funds project construction briefing every month conduct once. program, with  Daily briefing on safety guidance of PID prior to start of work  All workers (including unskilled laborers)  Awareness & on-site training for workers and staff on sludge handling and disposal in existing STP repair work

C. Monitoring and Reporting

183. The prepared IEE is based on the draft design for the resettlement site and likely construction activities in the demolishing sites and water body regeneration works. Hence upon finalising the detailed design for the resettlement site and preparation of the work plan for the demolishing sites and water body regeneration sites, this IEE has to be reviewed based on the updated information for the subproject. This includes, as soon as further information on the water supply works are made available, this IEE needs to be updated and a separate EMP has to be prepared by the environment specialist PID, submitted to the environmental consultant PMU for review. Further consultations (that have been prevented due to COVID-19) at various places (including at 4 encroachment sites and around the resettlement site) have to be conducted and the outcomes/ feedback and suggestions shared by the communities have to be incorporated in the project design, if not appropriate response have to be shared with the communities to their satisfaction. The revised draft IEE will then need to be submitted to ADB for concurrence. The EMP will need to be adopted by the water work construction contractor (appointed by TWAD) which has to be updated.

184. All subproject EMPs will have internal monitoring. The PIDs (Environment Cell) with support of the PMU (Environment Team) will conduct internal environmental monitoring for each subproject and provide the environment input based on site inspections, compliance checks and prepare the subproject Quarterly Progress Reports (QPRs) for submission to the PMU for final submission to ADB till the subproject completion report is issued. Monitoring will also encompass tracking progress on regeneration works undertaken by the PMU of previously encroached water bodies / channels and surrounding areas.

185. The environmental monitoring report26 for submission to ADB shall be on quarterly basis during construction and on an annual basis during operation (refer to Appendix 18 for subproject environmental monitoring report template). Environmental monitoring reports will be required to be submitted to ADB within 30 days from the end of the relevant period. The environmental monitoring reports will be publicly disclosed on ADB public website. Reporting to ADB will continue until a project completion report. is completed.. 186. Types of subproject monitoring that may be conducted under subproject specific EMP will include:

(i) Project readiness monitoring. To be conducted by the PIDs (Environment Cell)

26 The environmental reporting will cover EMP implementation, focusing on compliance and any needed corrective actions.

152

(ii) Environmental monitoring. To be conducted by PIDs (Environment Cell) and contractors across all stages of project implementation as described in the subproject specific EMP and assessing compliance with applicable GoI environmental quality standards and/or International standards and best practices (iii) Compliance monitoring. To be conducted by the PMU / PIDs to verify EMP compliance across all stages of subproject implementation (iv) Demolition works monitoring. To be conducted by the PMU (Environment Team) / PIDs (Environment Cell). (v) Regeneration works monitoring. To be conducted by the PMU (Environment Team) / PIDs (Environment Cell).

187. ADB will oversee subproject compliance on the basis of quarterly (during construction) and annual(during operation) environmental monitoring reports provided by the PMU (Environment Team) and site visits (generally one to two times per year). For any non- compliance, ADB will make suitable recommendations for undertaking remedial measures for mid-term correction and improvement, if required. ADB’s monitoring and supervision activities are carried out on an on-going basis until a Project Completion Report is completed.

188. The contractor(s) will submit monthly progress reports to the PIDs (Environment Cell) on C-EMP/ D-EMP / R-EMP implementation, and SOMPs/ O&M EMP, which will inform the quarterly safeguards monitoring reports as part of the project QPR. The contractor monthly progress reports will include compilation of daily monitoring sheets that is duly signed by C- EHS. The template for daily monitoring sheet for contractors during construction stage is provided as Appendix 19.

189. During operations of the new housing development and regeneration works, the contractors will also submit monthly progress reports to PIDs (Environment Cell) on New Housing Development SOMP/ O&M EMP and Regeneration Works for the first year of operation and quarterly progress reports thereafter. These will inform the annual safeguard monitoring reports. The contractor’s monthly (and quarterly) progress reports will include compilation of daily monitoring sheets corresponding to the operation of assets created. The subproject specific IEE will include a template for daily monitoring sheets during operation stage.

D. EMP Implementation Cost

190. As part of good engineering practices in the project, there have been several measures such as safety, signage, dust suppression, procurement of personal protective equipment, provision of drains, etc. and the costs for which will be included in the design costs of specific subprojects. Therefore, these items of costs have not been included in the IEE budget. Only items not covered under budget for construction are considered in the IEE budget.

191. This is a large construction project and hence is expected to cause significant air, water and noise pollution. However, the implementation of the mitigation measures and required environmental reporting and monitoring in line with the environmental monitoring plan and included within the bidding and contract documents as separate line items will ensure that the environmental impacts will not be significant or irreversible. An appropriate Environmental Management Budget has been estimated to carry out the monitoring requirements.

192. The cost of water sprinkling for dust suppression and providing personal protective equipment to construction workers shall be borne by contractor as part of conditions of contract. 153

In addition, the sources of funds for mitigation measures including monitoring during the construction stage are also to be borne by the contractor. These are deemed to be included as part of the contract price amount quoted by the contractor for the works. The costs of components for monitoring in operation stage and the capacity building costs are to be funded by the PMU. The EMP cost is given in the Table below.

Table 40: Indicative EMP Budget Total Sl. Rate Cost Source of Particulars Stages Unit Number No. (INR) (INR) fund

A. Monitoring Measures (Vallam Resettlement Site) Air quality Pre- 1 Per sample 1 10,000 10,000 PID monitoring construction Pre- 2 Noise Levels Per location 1 4,000 4,000 PID construction Pre- 3 Water Quality Per Sample 1 10,000 10,000 PID construction Ambient Air Contractor 4 Construction Per Sample 24 10,000 2,40,000 Quality budget Ambient Noise Contractor 5 Construction Per Sample 24 4,000 96,000 Quality budget Contractor 6 Water Quality Construction Per Sample 24 10,000 2,40,000 budget Ambient Air Post Contractor 7 Per Sample 20 10,000 2,00,000 Quality Construction budget (DLP) Ambient Noise Post Contractor 8 Per Sample 20 4,000 80,000 Quality Construction budget (DLP) Post Contractor 9 Water Quality Per Sample 20 10,000 2,00,000 Construction budget (DLP) Sub- Total (A) 10,80,000 B. Monitoring Measures (Demolishing Sites) Air quality Pre- 1 Per sample 4 10,000 40,000 PID monitoring construction Pre- 2 Noise Levels Per location 4 4,000 16,000 PID construction Pre- 3 Water Quality Per Sample 4 10,000 40,000 PID construction Ambient Air Contractor 4 Construction Per Sample 24 10,000 2,40,000 Quality budget Ambient Noise Contractor 5 Construction Per Sample 24 4,000 96,000 Quality budget Contractor 6 Water Quality Construction Per Sample 24 10,000 2,40,000 budget Ambient Air Post Contractor 7 Per Sample 4 10,000 40,000 Quality Construction budget (DLP) Ambient Noise Post Contractor 8 Per Sample 4 4,000 16,000 Quality Construction budget (DLP) Post Contractor 9 Water Quality Per Sample 4 10,000 40,000 Construction budget (DLP) Sub- Total (B) 7,68,000

154

Total Sl. Rate Cost Source of Particulars Stages Unit Number No. (INR) (INR) fund

C. Monitoring Measures (Water Body Regeneration Works) Air quality Pre- 1 Per sample 4 10,000 40,000 PID monitoring construction Pre- 2 Noise Levels Per location 4 4,000 16,000 PID construction Pre- 3 Water Quality Per Sample 4 10,000 40,000 PID construction Ambient Air Contractor 4 Construction Per Sample 96 10,000 9,60,000 Quality budget Ambient Noise Contractor 5 Construction Per Sample 96 4,000 3,84,000 Quality budget Contractor 6 Water Quality Construction Per Sample 96 10,000 9,60,000 budget Ambient Air Post Contractor 7 Per Sample 4 10,000 40,000 Quality Construction budget (DLP) Ambient Noise Post Contractor 8 Per Sample 4 4,000 16,000 Quality Construction budget (DLP) Post Contractor 9 Water Quality Per Sample 4 10,000 40,000 Construction budget (DLP) Sub- Total (C) 24,96,000 Capacity Building – Training Cost (includes cost estimate for the subproject components D. (including resettlement site construction, demolishing works and water body regeneration works), and not included in the package costs) Sensitization Pre- 1 L.S 1,50,000 PMU Workshop Construction Training 2 Construction L.S 1,00,000 PMU Session I Training 3 Construction L.S 1,00,000 PMU Session II Sub -Total (D) 3,50,000 Total (A+B+C+D) INR 46,94,000 155

X. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

193. The proposed subproject is in line with the sub-project selection criteria for the program. The subproject conforms to all GoI and ADB regulations, policies, and standards including all necessary government permits and clearances.

194. During the subproject construction, there are possible negative environmental impacts envisaged. As per the Initial Environmental Examination (IEE), the specific management measures laid down in the EMPs will effectively address any likely environmental impacts due to the subproject. The effective implementation of the measures proposed will be ensured through building enhanced capacity through training on environmental management within the PIDs and PMU with overall supervision for environmental issues by the environmental consultant within the PMU. Further, the environmental monitoring plans provide adequate opportunity towards course correction to address any residual impacts during construction or operation stages.

195. The draft IEE carried out for the subproject shows that the proposed components/ interventions will result in net environmental benefits, and that any likely environmental impact can be addressed through proper location, planning and design of the proposed subproject; control of construction activity and mitigation measures. The EMPs provide for mitigation of all identified impacts and reflected within the contract clauses for the environmental provisions will be part of the civil works contracts. Consultation on the proposed designs have been undertaken with stakeholders and no significant issues requiring redress in terms of environmental safeguards are known to exist at present. However, further consultations (that have been prevented due to COVID-19) at various places (including at 4 encroachment sites and around the vallam resettlement site) have to be conducted and the outcomes/ feedback and suggestions shared by the communities have to be incorporated in the project design, if not appropriate response have to be shared with the communities to their satisfaction. Accordingly, this IEE have to be revised.

196. The water supply to the resettlement site will be sourced from pumping main near Manakkarambai Village which is located at a distance of 18 km. For which water source sustainability study has been conducted by the TWAD. Being an associated activity to this subproject, once detailed design information is available (including the pump house, water supply pipeline and water storage units), the PID environmental specialist shall prepare the EMP in accordance with ADB SPS with assistance from the PMU environmental specialist. Accordingly, this IEE and EMPs will need to be revised and submitted to ADB for concurrence.

197. The positive benefits of this project is to provide affordable housing for the people who are living in the encroached areas (encroached water bodies), which is prone for seasonal flooding. This project also benefits low-income families and female-headed households. Based on the climate risk assessment and heat modelling, the building plan has been developed to withstand the climate change including the high temperature. The proposed infrastructure including the provision of toilets, water supply, electric connection, and community hall shall provide an improved standard of living. This IEE has been prepared based on the preliminary information and hence upon finalising the detailed design, this IEE and EMPs (including the BoQ) have to be updated and relevant contractor clauses should be included in the EMPs.

198. Based on the findings of the IEE, there are no significant impacts and the classification of the subproject as Category “B” is confirmed. No further special study or detailed environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be undertaken to comply with ADB SPS (2009).

156 Appendix 1

Land Alienation Certificate

Appendix 1 157

158 Appendix 1

Appendix 1 159

160 Appendix 1

Appendix 1 161

162 Appendix 1

Appendix 1 163

Proceedings of the Collector of Thanjavur District

Present: Thiru M.Govindarao. I.A.S.

Na.ka. A2 / 40909/2017 dated 12.11.2020

SUB: Land Alienation – Thanjavur District and Vallam Vadakku Sethhi Village S.No. 207/1 Extent 3.88.5 Ha Government Poromboke –Land Classified as Quarry – Land to be alienated to Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board for Construction of tenements- Land alienation Proposals received – Order on Enter Upon Permission to TNSCB- Reg

REF: 1. G.O. Ms No 457 (Revenue Department) LD 5(2) dt 18.11.2013 2. Executive Engineer, TNSCB, Trichy Division, Lr No 6097/2017 survey dt 02.01.2019 and 22.05.2019. 3. This office letter no 40909/2019/A2 dt 05.08.2019 4. G.O. Ms No 595, Revenue and Disaster Management Department, Land settlement unit (502) dt 23.10.2020 5.Thanjavur district Revenue Officer, Na Ka 12/2013 dt 09.11.2020 6. Thanjavur Thashildar Na Ka 2532/2020 dt 05.11.2020 7 G.O. Ms No 975, Revenue Department , dt 10.10.1997 8. G.O Ms No 67, Revenue Department, ( L.A. 5 (2) ) dt 04.02.2000 9.G.O Ms No 136, Revenue Department, dt 25.04.2017 10. G.O Ms No 172, Revenue Department, dt 09.05.2017 11. G.O Ms No 136, Revenue Department, dt 25.04.2017 12. G.O Ms No 241, Revenue and Disaster Management Department, ( L.A. 5 (1) ) dt 16.05.2020 13. Other Connected Records. ------

Order:-

The land in Thanjavur District, Thanjavur Taluk, Vallam Vadakku Sethhi Village, classified as Government Poromboke Quarry in Survey No. 207/1 having extent 3.88.50 hectares has been considered to be given enter upon permission to Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board for the construction of 969 tenements for the urban poor and the encroachers at Big Temple Moat in Thanjavur limits under finance from Asian Development Bank so as to facilitate, to develop that Moat area under Smart City program by Thanjavur Corporation, based on the letter vide reference (2) cited above, by Executive Engineer, TamilNadu Slum Clearance Board and their letter accepting conditions laid by Government. Based on the letters with details vide reference 3 cited above for land alienation, vide reference cited 5 above the District Revenue officer, Thanjavur has sent the details for land alienation as follows:

1. Department requiring land: Under the project to offer permanent houses to the urban poor with financial assistant from Asian Development Bank, TNSCB proposed the land in Thanjavur District, Thanjavur Taluk, Vallam Vadakku Sethhi Village, classified as Government Poromboke quarry in Survey No. 207/1 having extent 3.88.50 hectares for construction of tenements . it is considered to give enter upon permission to Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board for the construction of 969

164 Appendix 1 tenements for the encroachers of the Big Temple Moat in Thanjavur limits so as to facilitate, to develop that Moat area under Smart City program by Thanjavur Corporation. The required format and other details for land transfer order details acceptance letters for obeying Government conditions are given by the Superintending Engineer.

2. Land Classification Field Status: The land to be alienated in S.No. 207/1 has been classified as Government Poromboke Quarry in A- Adangal register, as detailed below:

S.No. S.No. Classification Soil Quality Extent ( Ha) Theervai Remarks status 1 207/1 Government 3.88.5 Quarry Poromboke In S.No. 207/1 having extent 3.88.5 hectares already been subdivided and Subdivision No. 207/5 extent 0.41.5 hectares area has been already handed over to National Highways authority. Now Land in S.No. 207/1 having an extent 3.47.0 hectares has been selected for the Construction of tenements by Tamilnadu Slum Clearance board. In this Survey number, 9 persons have encroached and put up houses that exists for the past 30 years, with an extent of 0.20.0 hectares. The Thanjavur Revenue Divisional Officer in his report states that the balance 3.27.0 hectares of land has been selected for the land alienation to Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board for the Construction of tenements.

3. A-1 Public Notice:

In view of the land alienation, an A-1 Public Notice had been given by the Revenue Inspector of Vallam region in the concerned Village through the Village Administrative Officer, on 10.10.2020. The Thanjavur Revenue Divisional Officer stated in his report that there was no objections received from the general public.

4. Village Administrative Officer and Public Confession:

In connection with the land alienation, the Village Administrative Officer’s and Public Confession letters were enclosed. The Thanjavur Revenue Divisional Officer stated in his report that there were no objections received.

5. No Objection Certificates:

No entries has been made in the “No Objection Register” being maintained by the VAO regarding the above said land. This is reported by, Thanjavur Revenue Divisional Officer in his report.

6. Resolution by Local body:

Since the above said land is classified as Quarry, there is no need for resolution by Local body.

7. Exemption from Local body:

The Thanjavur Revenue Divisional Officer states in his report that since the above referred poromboke land does not come under land handed over to local body for maintenance, as per Tamilnadu Panchayat Rules 1994 Sub section 134(2), there is no necessity for giving Appendix 1 165 exemption from local body’s control.

8. Enter upon permission:

Vide reference 1 cited above, the land to be alienated had been already given enter upon permission to the Tamilnadu Police Housing Corporation for the Construction of Multistoried flats under “Own Your House” scheme. Subsequently the order for enter upon permission given to Tamilnadu Police Housing Corporation had been cancelled vide reference cited 4 above.

9. Sub Division documents:

The extent of the land to be alienated has been subdivided as below and checked by Thanjavur Deputy Thasildhar, vide in Register no. 33/20 D(1).. There is no difference in extent of land before and after the sub division.

Before sub division After sub division S.No. Classification Extent Remarks S.No. Classification Extent Remarks (Area in ( Area in Hectares) Hectares ) 207/1 Government Quarry 207/1 Govt. 3.27.0 Tamilnadu Poromboke 3.47.0 Poromboke Slum Clearance Board 207/6 Govt. 0.20.0 Quarry Poromboke Total 3.47.0 Total 3.47.0 Four side boundary details of the land to be alienated in S No 207/1:

Direction Details of survey numbers North S.No. 206 ( Thanjavur- Vallam Medical College road) S.No. 208 South S.No. 207/5 National Highways East S.No. 207/6, 210,208 West S.No. 206 Thanjavur – Vallam Road 10. Ancient Monuments :

The Thanjavur RDO states in its report that in the land to be alienated, there is no Ancient monuments Temples, Mosques, Churches and Religious Worship places, Wells and Burial Grounds and also there is no land belonging to Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments or Wakf Board. Also Thanjavur Revenue Divisional Officer said in his report that High Tension power lines passes through the said land. The above said land is about 10 feet low than the existing approach road and however the land is fit for construction of buildings.

11. Trees and Buildings

Thanjavur Revenue Divisional Officer states in his report that in the land to be alienated, there is no Trees and Buildings

12. NOC from Mines department:

The above referred land in S.No. 207/1 which was classified as quarry poramboke and had been already addressed to get No Objection Certificate from the Assistant Director of geology and Mines Department while alienation proposal submitted to Tamilnadu Police Housing Corporation. The Mines Department inspected the site in the S.No. 207/1 and found since

166 Appendix 1 houses are existing nearby to the above land , there is No quarry work being carried out and hence the Assistant Director of Geology and Mines Department issued No objection certificate permission for the Construction of flats by Tamilnadu Police Housing Corporation under “Own Your House” Scheme. Hence there is no question arises again for getting NOC from Mines department.

13. Land cost:

The land to be alienated is classified as Govt. Poromboke Quarry. Hence there is no guide line value for this land. For fixing the land cost, the guideline value for the nearby land in S.No. 207/2 had been selected and arrived at using website. The guideline value for this survey number is Rs. 7,87,000 /- Per Hectares. Accordingly the Land cost of the land to be alienated is fixed ( 3.27.0 x 7,87,000 = 25,73,490 ) as Rs. 25,73,490 /-.vide report submitted by the Revenue Divisional Officer

Also The land in Thanjavur District, Thanjavur Taluk, Vallam Vadakku Sethhi Village, classified as Government Poromboke Quarry in Survey No. 207/1 having extent 3.27.0 out of 3.47.0 hectares has been considered to be given enter upon permission to Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board for the construction of 969 tenements for the encroachers in Big Temple Moat in Thanjavur limits so as to facilitate, to develop that Moat area under Smart City scheme by Thanjavur Corporation, by the Revenue Divisional Officer/Thanjaur. The District Revenue Officer also recommended that the land value may be fixed as above, for land alienation.

Hence, as per G.O.Ms. No. 976 Revenue department dated 20.10.1997, with usual conditions, the land in Thanjavur District, Thanjavur Taluk, Vallam Vadakku Sethhi Village, in S.No. 207/1, classified as Government Poromboke Quarry out of having total extent of 3.47.0 hectares , an extent of 3.27.0 hectares has been ordered to give enter upon permission to Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board for the construction of 969 tenements under finance from Asian Development Bank for the encroachers in Big Temple Moat in Thanjavur limits so as to facilitate, to develop that Moat area under Smart City by Thanjavur Corporation,

CONDITIONS:

1. The land should be used for the purpose for which it is given to the department concerned and it should not be used for any other purposes.

2. Other conditions if any, later, given by Government should be obeyed.

3.In future if any portion of the land is not required by the land receiving department, the same should be handed over back to Revenue Department.

4. Without getting permission from Government, the land should not be mortgaged or handed over to other departments.

The land in Thanjavur District, Thanjavur Taluk, Vallam Vadakku Sethhi Village, in S.No. 207/1, classified as Government Puromboke Quarry out of having total extent of 3.47.0 Hectares , an extent of 3.27.0 Hectares has to be handed over to the required department and the Thanjavur Tahsildar has been instructed to send 3 copies of the land handed over certificates.

Sd------

District collector Appendix 1 167

Thanjavur

/ By order/

For District Collector

To 1. Executive Engineer, Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board, Tiruchirapalli Divison, Madurai road, Palakkarai, Tirucirapapalli – 8. 2 Revenue Divionsl Officer, Thanjavur. 3. Thahsidhar. Thanjavur. 4 Spare H2 section and for file. Copy 1. The Managing Director Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board, No 5 Kamarajar Salai, Chennai-5. 2. Executive Engineer, Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board, Project Implementation Unit –III, Villupuram Division, Villupuram – 605602 3. Commissioner, Corporation, Thanjavur.

168 Appendix 2

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

IND: Proposed Inclusive, Resilient and Sustainable Housing for Country/Project Title: the Urban Poor Sector Project in Tamil Nadu – Vallam, Thanjavur Sector Division: Urban Development and Water Division

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks A. Project Siting Is the project area…?

. Densely populated? Though the Vallam (resettlement site) is located 9.5km from the Thanjavur city centre and it is  sparsely populated. The encroachment sites (proposed to be evicted) located within the Big temple Moat is densely populated. . Heavy with development The Vallam Resettlement site is classified as quarry activities? area with no developmental activities. Whereas in the encroachment site (proposed to be evicted) are  located in the Big Temple Moat (within Thanjavur Municipal Corporation Limits) with development activities. No, both the resettlement site and the encroachment sites do not have environmentally sensitive areas . Adjacent to or within any within the surroundings/ vicinity. The nearest  environmentally sensitive areas? sensitive areas (Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary and Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary) are located at a distance of 25km from Thanjavur The Vallam subproject encroachment sites (where people will be relocated from) is close by to cultural heritage sites (Brihadeeswarar temple and the Thanjavur palace). Two encroachment sites (Vadakku alangam and Sekkaditheru) fall within 250m of the Thanjavur palace. Under the Ancient  Cultural heritage site  Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 2010, it limits new construction within 300m of the boundary of the protected monument or sites however it is silent on demolition and regeneration activities. Prior to the tendering of the demolition and regeneration works contract, TNSCB will further Appendix 2 169

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks consult with ASI and any feedback / recommendations shall be minuted and re- incorporated into the IEE and EMP. The demolition and regeneration contractor will have to adopt the relevant EMPs.

In addition to this within the Sekkaditheru encroachment site an old wall was observed during the site visit, as such prior to the tendering of any works, TNSCB will consult with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to seek further clarifications and suggestions, and will be required to prepare a heritage impact assessment and management plan in close consultation and support of ASI which has to be reincorporated into the IEE and EMPs. The relevant demolition and regeneration works contractor will adopt the suggested mitigation measures and relevant EMP.

Also to mitigate any potential impacts at the encroachment sites, manual construction methods will be employed, a chance find procedure adopted and appropriate noise mitigation measures will be implemented.  Protected Area Not envisaged  Wetland  Mangrove  Estuarine  Buffer zone of protected  area  Special area for protecting biodiversity  Bay B. Potential Environmental Impacts Will the Project cause… . impacts on the sustainability of Yes, the proposed resettlement project shall have an associated sanitation and solid impact on the existing sanitation and solid waste waste disposal systems and their disposal systems due to the addition of huge interactions with other urban population who have relocated from other localities  services. to the Vallam (Resettlement Site). However, sustainability of the associated sanitation and solid waste disposal system will be managed by the Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat . deterioration of surrounding No, the proposed resettlement project will have a environmental conditions due to moderate impact on the surrounding environment rapid urban population growth, due to the commercial activities (small shops, stores, commercial and industrial activity, restaurants, households etc) and an increase in and increased waste generation to  waste generation. However, this increase shall be the point that both manmade and managed as the waste will be segregated at the natural systems are overloaded source and the generated MSW will be collected and and the capacities to manage disposed by Vallam Special grade Town panchayat. these systems are overwhelmed? In addition to this the generated sewage will be

170 Appendix 2

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks treated and disposed as per the discharge standard and hence the deterioration to the surroundings shall be mitigated to acceptable levels. . degradation of land and There are no wetlands, wild lands, coastal zones, ecosystems (e.g. loss of wetlands  watersheds and forests at or nearby the resettlement and wild lands, coastal zones, site or the encroachment sites to be relocated. watersheds and forests)? . dislocation or involuntary Yes, the proposed subproject will involve the resettlement of people? dislocation of the flood affected and socially  vulnerable people who are living near the water bodies. A Resettlement Framework and related Resettlement Plan have been prepared. . disproportionate impacts on the Yes, the proposed subproject does target those who poor, women and children, are socially vulnerable living close to water bodies. Indigenous Peoples or other However, this impact is expected to be positive as  vulnerable group? the subproject will help improve access to improved livelihoods and also reduce their risk to flood hazards. . degradation of cultural property, Not envisaged and loss of cultural heritage and  tourism revenues? . occupation of low-lying lands, Not envisaged. Though the Vallam resettlement site floodplains and steep hillsides by is an abandoned quarry area, it is free from industrial squatters and low-income groups, activities and hence exposure to increased health and their exposure to increased hazards is not envisaged. There are no low-lying health hazards and risks due to  lands, floodplains, or polluting industries near the pollutive industries? resettlement site. The water bodies will be regenerated after the relocation of encroachment and it will be protected by fencing to prevent further encroachment. . water resource problems (e.g. Yes, the proposed resettlement project in Vallam depletion/ degradation of available shall have an impact on the water resources, water supply, deterioration for especially in the project construction and operation surface and ground water quality , stages. During the project construction, significant and pollution of receiving waters? quantity of surface water shall be used, which will be sourced from either TWAD or Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat and during operation, TWAD shall  supply water for drinking and other domestic purposes. Due to this a considerable quantity of waste water will be generated and it shall be disposed properly (utilised for gardening, rainwater harvesting and for flushing) after treatment and hence no major water resource problems are anticipated. . air pollution due to urban Yes, there may be increased urban emissions due to emissions? travel as people may still need to access previous livelihoods or services. However, resettled location  has been chosen to be close to economic opportunities and infrastructure, including existing transport routes so this should be minimised. . risks and vulnerabilities related to Yes, generation of Asbestos materials/ sheets, which occupational health and safety due are used as roofing/ ceiling purposes from the 4  to physical, chemical and encroachment sites will have hazardous risks, hence biological hazards during project it should be disposed as per the hazardous waste Appendix 2 171

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks construction and operation? management rules 2016 with assistance from Asbestos expert, who will assess the site and will guide in handling the asbestos. For fire accidents, fire extinguisher has been proposed on each floor. Other OHS related impacts are also anticipated, however, they shall be mitigated through provision of appropriate PPEs to the labours and hence the risks and vulnerability shall be reduced to acceptable levels. . road blocking and temporary No, not envisaged, the proposed project is located flooding due to land excavation far from the city centre (9.5km distance from the during rainy season? Thanjavur city) and it does not have roads with heavy traffic to be blocked during the project construction. The National highways 67 shall not be  used for transportation of construction materials, the presence of other arterial roads shall serve the purpose. Hence Traffic issues (road blocking, traffic diversion etc.,) are not envisaged. Construction activities shall be put on hold during the rainy seasons to avoid flooding or any other issues . noise and dust from construction Yes, noise and air quality impacts are anticipated activities? due to the movement of construction materials through transportation, noise and vibration  regenerated from the construction activities including piling works/ vehicle/ machineries etc. Piling works will be prohibited at night and appropriate noise monitoring will be implemented. . traffic disturbances due to The Vallam resettlement site is in the outskirts of construction material transport and Tanjavur Municipality corporation limit, with very little wastes? traffic and hence the proposed construction activities (transportation of construction materials) won’t be having any major impacts. However, on the other  hand, the disposal of construction debris from the 4 demolishing sites shall have moderate impact on the local traffic, but it is temporary and will exist till the demolishing activities are completed (within 6 months). . temporary silt runoff due to No, construction activities (at resettlement site, construction? demolishing sites and water body regeneration sites) shall be put on hold during the rainy seasons,  however, appropriate mitigation measures including silt fencing shall be provided for controlling silt runoff from the site . hazards to public health due to Not envisaged ambient, household and  occupational pollution, thermal inversion, and smog formation? . water depletion and/or Yes, during the project construction and operation, degradation? there is a moderate negative impact anticipated on the water resource. However, providing rain water  harvesting structures within the project area will help to recharge the groundwater system. A water source sustainability study is being conducted for the resettlement site, the findings/ observations and

172 Appendix 2

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks suggestions from the study shall be implemented to maintain groundwater sustainability in the project area . overpaying of ground water, The use of groundwater is totally prohibited for leading to land subsidence, construction and operation stages of the project and lowered ground water table, and  hence impact on the groundwater sources are not salinization? envisaged

. contamination of surface and No, there is no surface water body near to the ground waters due to improper Vallam resettlement site and hence contamination of waste disposal? the surface water is not envisaged. However, construction waste and Municipal Solid Waste (from labour camp) are likely to be generated during the project construction and Municipal Solid Waste (from residential units) are likely to generate during operation stages and hence, if waste disposal is not implemented properly (from collection to disposal), it  may affect the groundwater resources through generation of leachate. Hence disposal of the MSW will occur on a daily basis.

If the construction and demolition waste are not managed/ disposed properly in the 4 encroachment areas, which may lead to the contamination of the surface water body. By adopting the measures suggested in the EMP the anticipated impacts shall be mitigated . pollution of receiving waters No, as indicated there is no surface water body near resulting in amenity losses, the project site. Excess treated water from the STP fisheries and marine resource  will be handled by the Vallam Special Grade Town depletion, and health problems? Panchayat.

. large population influx during Yes, During the construction activity, there will be project construction and operation influx of people from local areas and other states. that causes increased burden on This will include those who would be migrating as social infrastructure and services labours. However, it will be temporary which will last (such as water supply and  up to the completion of the project. To avoid sanitation systems)? increased burden on social infrastructure and services such as water supply and sanitation systems, the Contractor shall provide them labour camps with all required amenities. . social conflicts if workers from Yes, social conflicts mays arise with respect to other regions or countries are competition for jobs, dispute with wages, attitude hired? issues etc. Hence, the contractor has to adopt a  Code of Conduct for the migrant labours to sort out any issues with the locals. However, preference shall be given to the local labour. . risks to community health and Yes, though the stored construction materials are not safety due to the transport, toxic or hazardous in nature and hence explosion, storage, and use and/or disposal fires are not anticipated. However, the removal of of materials such as explosives,  asbestos from the demolition sites during fuel and other chemicals during construction and disposal of STP sludge during operation and construction? operation are considered to be hazardous. With the help/ assistance from the asbestos expert, the Appendix 2 173

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks asbestos waste shall be handled and disposed as per hazardous waste management rules 2016. The sludge from the STP will be treated prior to disposal. The prepared CEMP shall have mitigation measure for managing the same. . community safety risks due to both There may be a minimal risk during demolition at the accidental and natural hazards, encroachment sites, however this area will be fenced especially where the structural and access will be restricted. So no risks are elements or components of the envisaged. project are accessible to members  of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

174 Appendix 2

A Checklist for Preliminary Climate Risk Screening

Country/Project Title : IND: Proposed Inclusive, Resilient and Sustainable Housing for the Urban Poor Sector Project in Tamil Nadu – Vallam, Thanjavur Sector : Urban Development and Water Subsector : Division/ Department:

Screening Questions Score Remarks27 Location and Is siting and/or routing of the project (or The Vallam resettlement site Design of its components) likely to be affected by have not experienced flooding project climate conditions including extreme or worst climate impacts 1 weather related events such as floods, however the encroachment droughts, storms, landslides? areas have witnessed seasonal flooding. Would the project design (e.g. the The subproject site is located in clearance for bridges) need to consider an abandoned Gravel Quarry any hydro-meteorological parameters 1 area and the project design is (e.g., sea-level, peak river flow, reliable provided with sufficient drain to water level, peak wind speed etc)? prevent storm surge Materials and Would weather, current and likely future The apartment blocks have Maintenance climate conditions (e.g. prevailing been designed considering the humidity level, temperature contrast hot climate of the area to between hot summer days and cold reduce temperature. Weather winter days, exposure to wind and 1 proof construction materials are humidity hydro-meteorological proposed to withstand extreme parameters likely affect the selection of heat and humid weather project inputs over the life of project conditions. outputs (e.g. construction material)? Would weather, current and likely future Likely the maintenance of climate conditions, and related extreme housing will depend on how events likely affect the maintenance degraded it becomes due to (scheduling and cost) of project output(s) 1 weather and extreme events. ? The site has been chosen to ensure it is not in a hazard zone. Performance of Would weather/climate conditions, and Weather/climate conditions and project outputs related extreme events likely affect the related extreme events are not performance (e.g. annual power likely to affect the residential 0 production) of project output(s) (e.g. units since they have been hydro-power generation facilities) designed to withstand them. throughout their design life time? Options for answers and corresponding score are provided below: Response Score Not Likely 0 Likely 1 Very Likely 2

27 If possible, provide details on the sensitivity of project components to climate conditions, such as how climate parameters are considered in design standards for infrastructure components, how changes in key climate parameters and sea level might affect the siting/routing of project, the selection of construction material and/or scheduling, performances and/or the maintenance cost/scheduling of project outputs. Appendix 2 175

Responses when added that provide a score of 0 will be considered low risk project. If adding all responses will result to a score of 1-4 and that no score of 2 was given to any single response, the project will be assigned a medium risk category. A total score of 5 or more (which include providing a score of 1 in all responses) or a 2 in any single response, will be categorized as high-risk project.

Result of Initial Screening (Low, Medium, High): Medium

Other Comments: The proposed Resettlement Project site in Vallam, Thanjavur shall not have any significant environmental / climate change impacts. The proposed rainwater harvesting, harshening solar energy and landscaping shall have a positive impact on the environment and the climate change. It is also proposed to use environmentally friendly construction materials as to safeguard the surrounding environment.

Prepared by: Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board, Chennai

176 Appendix 3

Environmental Clearance from SEIAA [to be obtained]

Appendix 4 177

Salient Features of Major Labor Laws Applicable to Establishments Engaged in Construction of Civil Works (i) Workmen Compensation Act, 1923 - The Act provides for compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and during the course of employment. (ii) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 - Gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee has completed 5 years’ service or more or on death at the rate of 15 days wages for every completed year of service. The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 10 or more employees. (iii) Employees’ PF and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 - The Act provides for monthly contributions by the employer plus workers @10 % or 8.33 %. The benefits payable under the Act are: (a) Pension or family pension on retirement or death as the case may be; (b) deposit linked insurance on the death in harness of the worker; (c) payment of PF accumulation on retirement/death etc. (iv) Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act 2017- The Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women employees in case of confinement or miscarriage etc. (v) Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 - The Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by the Contractor to contract labor and in case the Contractor fails to provide, the same are required to be provided by the Principal Employer by Law. The principal employer is required to take Certificate of Registration and the Contractor is required to take a License from the designated Officer. The Act is applicable to the establishments or Contractor of principal employer if they employ 20 or more contract labor. (vi) Minimum Wages Act, 1948 - The employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum Wages fixed by appropriate Government as per provisions of the Act if the employment is a scheduled employment. Construction of Buildings, Roads, Runways are scheduled employment. (vii) Payment of Wages Act, 1936 - It lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from the wages of the workers. (viii) Equal Remuneration Act, 1979 - The Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal nature to Male and Female workers and not for making discrimination against Female employees in the matters of transfers, training and promotions etc. (ix) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 - The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 20 or more workmen. The Act provides for payments of annual bonus subject to a minimum of 8.33 % of wages and maximum of 20 % of wages to employees drawing Rs. 3,500/- per month or less. The bonus to be paid to employees getting Rs. 2,500/- per month or above up to Rs.3,500/- per month shall be worked out by taking wages as Rs.2,500/- per month only. The Act does not apply to certain establishments. The newly set up establishments are exempted for five years in certain circumstances. Some of the State Governments have reduced the employment size from 20 to 10 for the purpose of applicability of the Act. (x) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 - The Act lays down the machinery and procedure for resolution of industrial disputes, in what situations a strike or lock-out becomes illegal and what are the requirements for laying off or retrenching the employees or closing down the establishment. (xi) Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 - It is applicable to all establishments employing 100 or more workmen (employment size reduced by some of the States and Central Government to 50). The Act provides for laying down rules governing the conditions of

178 Appendix 4 employment by the employer on matters provided in the Act and get the same certified by the designated Authority. (xii) Trade Unions Act, 1926 - The Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions of workmen and employees. The trade unions registered under the Act have been given certain immunities from civil and criminal liabilities. (xiii) Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 - The Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of age in certain occupations and processes and provides for regulation of employment of children in all other occupations and processes. Employment of child labor is prohibited in Building and Construction Industry. (xiv) Inter-State Migrant Workmen's (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979 - The Act is applicable to an establishment which employs 5 or more inter-state migrant workmen through an intermediary (who has recruited workmen in one state for employment in the establishment situated in another state). The inter-state migrant workmen, in an establishment to which this Act becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain facilities such as housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home up to the establishment and back, etc. (xv) The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 - All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work and employ 10 or more workers are covered under this Act. All such establishments are required to pay Cess at rate not exceeding 2% of the cost of construction as may be notified by the Government. The employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities, ambulance, housing accommodation for workers near the workplace etc. The employer to whom the Act applies has to obtain a registration certificate from the Registering Officer appointed by the Government.

Appendix 5 179

Confirmation on the Encroachments Located in the Water Bodies

180 Appendix 5

Na Ka no 2532/2019/A3 Taluk Office

Thanjavur

Certificate

In Vallam Vadakku sethu village of Thanjavur Taluk, Thanjaoor district, tenements are proposed to be constructed by Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board. It is certified that the people in the following areas which are affected by floods during rainy seasons and located in in the banks of Moat in Thanjavur Corporation shall be rehabilitated into above tenements

S No Name of the Encroachment Area

1. Kodimarthumullai

2. Vadakku Allangam

3. Mela Allangam

4. Sekkadi street

Sd/-

Tashildar

Thanjavur Appendix 6 181

Confirmation letter from the Tamilnadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO)

182 Appendix 7

Certificate Indicating the Vallam Resettlement Site is not Vulnerable for Flooding

Appendix 8 183

Acceptance letter for collection of Municipal Solid Waste

184 Appendix 8

From To Thiru C RamaPrasad Executive Engineer, Executive Officer, Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board, Special Grade Town Panchayat PMU-ADB Division, Vallam, Salem Division, Salem

Na.Ka.No.551/2019/A1 dated 11.05.2020 Sir, SUB: Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board – Thanjavur District- Special Grade Town Panchyat – Vallam Vadaku Sethi Village Survey No 207/1—Handling of Solid waste management by Vallam Town Panchayat for the Construction of 969 tenements (G+5) –Giving consent - Regarding

REF: 1. EE TNSCB Trichy Lr No 26/AE/2020, dt 05.10.2020 2. Other Connected Records ------With the reference letter 1st cited, the consent is given to undertake solid waste management work after the allotment of 969 (G + 5) tenements to be constructed for the poor people in the project area of Thanjavur District, Vallam Town Panchayat, Vallam Vadakusethi Village survey no. 207/1, Ayyarnar kovil phase – II. And also requested to pay the deposit amount and user charges by TNSCB as claimed by the Town Panchayat.

Sd------Executive Officer Vallam Special Grade Town Panchayat Thanjavur District.

Copy to : Assistant Director, Town Panchayats, Thanjavur Region, for Kind Information. Appendix 9 185

Acceptance letter for Collection of Dry Sludge and Treated Sewage Water

186 Appendix 9

From To C.Ramaprasad, Executive Engineer, Executive Officer, Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board, Selection Grade Town Panchayat, (PMU-ADB Division), Vallam. Salem Division, Salem.

Lr.No:551/2019/A1, Dt:09.12.2020

Sir,

Sub: Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board- Thanjavur District- Vallam Selection Grade Town Panchayat – Vallam Vadakku Sethi village- S.No.207/1 – Construction of 969 (G+5) tenements – Sewage Management to be handled by Vallam town Panchayat – Acceptance – Regarding.

Ref: i) Executive Engineer, Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board, Tiruchirapalli, Lr.No 26/A.E/2020 dt: 05.10.2020 ii) Other related documents.

With reference to the letter (i) cited above, Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board proposed to construct 969 (G+5) tenements for the poor people in S.No 207/1 of Ayyanar Koil Phase-II in Vallam Vadakku Sethi village of Vallam town panchayat in Thanjavur District.

After completion of allotment, the work of handing the liquid waste management (Disposal of treated water and Disposal of dry sludge) will be taken care of by this town panchayat. In this regard, the deposit amount and user charges as claimed by the town panchayat needs to be paid by the Board.

-Sd- Executive Officer, Vallam Selection Grade Town Panchayat, Thanjavur District.

Copy to – Assistant Director, Thanjavur Regional Town Panchayats for information.

Appendix 10 187

Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD) acceptance/ acknowledge for the supply of water to Vallam resettlement site

188 Appendix 11

Land Use Certificate

From To Appendix 11 189

Thiru S Sankaramoorthy. B.E. Executive Engineer, Town Planning Area, Assistant Director ( i/c) , Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board, Thanjavur Region, Madurai Road,Palakarai No A2, Arulanadha Nagar, Trichy 8 7th Street, Thanjavur District -613007 Email: [email protected] Telephone No. 04362-270133

Na.Ka.no. 679/2020/T R. dated 16.062020

Sir, SUB: land use details – Town Planning Area - Thanjavur Region – Thanjavur District-Thanjavur Circle / Vallam Panchayat Union Ayyanar Kovil Village- Survey no 207/1-Giving land use – Report Submitted- Reg. REF: 1. Executive Engineer, Tamilnadu Slum Clearance Board, Trichy Division letter Lr No Na ka 2510/AE(P)/ 2019 dated 27.05.2020 2. Town Planning Director, Chennai letter na.ka.no. 17394/11/muthi1 dated 29.09.2011 ------The place in Thanjavur District, Thanjavur Circle / Vallam Panchayat Union, Ayyanar Kovil Village survey no. 207/1 had not been classified for land use classification till date by this department according to Town Planning law 1971. This is hereby informed that this place is in Non Planning Area. Conditions: 1. This is submitted for information only. This should not be treated as this office permission. 2. This detail should not be covered under any lawful and any action 3. Any development in the aforesaid place should be got permission from this department as per Town Planning Law 1971 section 47 A

Sd------Assistant Director/ Town Planning Thanjavur Region, Thanjavur

190 Appendix 12

Submission of Compliance Matrix for the EC conditions [to be completed]

Appendix 13 191

Source Sustainability Study for Supply of Water to the Vallam Resettlement Site [to be completed]

192 Appendix 14

Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (IBAT)

Appendix 14 193

194 Appendix 14

Appendix 14 195

196 Appendix 14

Appendix 14 197

198 Appendix 14

Appendix 14 199

200 Appendix 14

Appendix 14 201

202 Appendix 14

Appendix 14 203

204 Appendix 14

Appendix 14 205

206 Appendix 14

Appendix 15 207

Health and Safety Plan/ Response and Measures for COVID 19 ‘To Do’ List / Protocol

Daily Drill:

 All workers to report some time earlier before the start of the shift. An attendance register is to be maintained for each shift. Masks are mandatory and social distancing28 of at least 1m to be followed in the holding area. The focal point to provide information update.  The workers need to wash their hands thoroughly (for at least 20-30 seconds) with soap or use sanitizers just before reporting screening. Adequate provision for hand washing, soaps, sanitizers needs to be made at the reporting location. Hand gloves mandatory for teams who are screening workmen, conducting medical check-up, disinfection  Health screening to be done for all workers in the shift - including temperature monitoring using a non-contact thermometer. Any worker reporting with temperature higher than 37.3oC shall be sent to the isolation quarters and periodic observation be made. o In case the worker shows symptoms of the pandemic (including COVID-19), the procedures as laid down by the national and state laws need to be followed for testing, quarantine of at least 14 days or hospitalization, depending upon individual case. o All the co-workers in the shift, and other persons with known contact history in the construction site should be quarantined for a period of at least 14 days, followed by regular checkups/ observation/ examinations as laid down by the national and state laws.  The workers found fit need to proceed to work with all required personal protective equipment, e.g. masks, gloves, goggles, boots, helmets, harness, etc.  The workers be encouraged to avoid contact with co-workers as far as possible and wash their hands at regular intervals.  Lunch/meal break be staggered into two so that workers proceed for lunch/meal at different times.  There needs to be a provision of separate drinking bottles/cups for each worker, and these need to be cleaned thoroughly after meals.  Proper hand washing arrangement (water/soaps/sanitizers) needs to be ensured at eating locations. Hand washing facilities are ideally to be located within 5m of toilets and at close range of eating space.  The workers returning to the shift after lunch/meal break need to thoroughly wash their hands and follow the same procedure as that followed at the start of the shift.  At the close of shift, the workers need to thoroughly wash their hands with soap/sanitizers etc.  The PPE should be thoroughly washed/cleaned/sanitized (depending upon the type of PPE) after the shift ends.  The meal timings should be phased in each shift. There should be a difference of about 1 hour between two shifts and the sensitive areas of the workplace should be cleaned / sanitized as far as possible.

28 https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/SocialDistancingAdvisorybyMOHFW.pdf

208 Appendix 15

 The time between two shifts should be used for cleaning and sanitizing machines, hand tools and areas of regular contact – grab handles, control levers, steering wheels, control panels, etc. shall be regularly cleaned, and at the end of shifts used across shifts (or continuous operations) where operators/helpers change. General Guidance for Contractors:  Site specific risk assessment needs to be undertaken and emergency preparedness plan be prepared for all sites, including camp sites and construction sites.  Protocols for medical treatment, etc. should be prepared/followed, including for reporting, referral, treatment and discharge as per national and state laws and other guidelines.  A health and safety officer/environment to be deployed as the focal point at all project sites, and wherever, the same is not in place, urgent action needs to be taken by the contractor to recruit someone.  Register for all the workers needs to be maintained, along with their health records. Prepare a profile of the workforce considering the following: i) Total number of workers who live in the labor camps; ii) Total number of workers who commute from their houses; iii) Number of male and female workers.  Limit the number of workers on site at any one time to minimize contact, including exploring operations for multi-shift working rotation.  Entry/exit to the site should be documented. Transport vehicles used during construction activities to carry construction materials should be sanitized on regular basis (at least once a day).  Hygienic living conditions need to be ensured in the camp sites with regular/daily cleaning, adequate hand washing facilities. Adequate provision for solid waste management needs to be provided.  Provide health and safety training/orientation on COVID19, or any other pandemic, to all workers and staff. Some initiatives could be like training family members of construction workers to stitch masks and gloves to augment PPE.  Ensure adequacy of necessary supplies of energy, water, food, medical supplies, cleaning equipment, PPE (both for regular use and those for medical exigencies) etc.  Quarantine and isolation facilities should be established in the camps (WHO Guidelines). The isolation facilities should have separate and dedicated toilets with proper arrangement for cleaning and removal of faeces.  Any medical waste produced during the care of ill workers should be disposed as per the national and state laws or relevant guidelines (e.g. WHO guidelines from time to time). PPE used for medical treatment/care purposes should be stored securely and kept separate from other waste. Current WHO recommendations are to clean utility gloves or heavy duty, reusable plastic aprons with soap and water and then decontaminate them with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution after each use. Single-use gloves (nitrile or latex) and gowns should be discarded after each use and not reused;  Incentivize workers lodging in the local community to move to site accommodation.  The community should be made aware, through posters etc., of procedures put in place at site to address issues related to COVID-19. This should include all measures being implemented to limit or prohibit contact between workers and the community. Appendix 15 209

Additional guidance for good practice for Contractors: o Follow national orders/circulars/guidelines issued from time to time o Apply the guidelines/guidance notes referred in the document o Practice the Daily Drill and General Guidance above. o Camp sites and construction sites may require different approaches to avoid spread of COVID-19. Special care to be taken for supply chain related vehicles, personnel and material. o Provide Contactless attendance system The various guidelines / interim notes for construction sites have been prepared by several institutions and organizations, some of which are listed below: a. The Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India issued several Orders/Circulars/Guidelines from time to time to be followed by the State governments, sectors and individuals :- (https://www.mha.gov.in/notifications/circulars-covid- 19, https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_ConsolidatedGuidelinesofMHA_28032020_0.p df , https://www.mohfw.gov.in/. Further, amendments to these orders are updated from time to time on https://www.mha.gov.in/media/whats-new, b. ILO’s Guidance: Considerations for employment intensive works in response to COVID 19 (April 12, 2020): https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/--- ed_emp/documents/publication/wcms_741669.pdf c. WB’s ESF/Safeguards interim note: COVID-19 considerations in construction/civil works projects (April 7, 2020) d. WHO’s guidelines: Getting your workplace ready for COVID-19 (March 03, 2020) https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/getting-workplace-ready-for-covid- 19.pdf; Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for the COVID-19 virus (March 19, 2020) https://www.who.int/publications-detail/water-sanitation-hygiene-and-waste- management-for-covid-19; Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (March 19, 2020): https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331695/WHO-2019-nCov-IPC_PPE_use- 2020.3-eng.pdf . e. IASC Interim Guidance: Scaling-Up Covid-19 Outbreak Readiness and Response Operations in Humanitarian Situations, Including Camps and Camp-Like Settings (March 17, 2020) https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/other/interim-guidance-scaling-covid-19-outbreak- readiness-and-response-operations-camps-and-camp f. IDB’s Guidance for infrastructure projects on COVID-19 https://www.idbinvest.org/en/download/9625 g. IFC Guidance: Workers’ accommodation: processes and standards (2009) http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/604561468170043490/pdf/602530WP0worke10B ox358316B01PUBLIC1.pdf

210 Appendix 16

Sample Grievance Form

(To be made available in Tamil)

The Proposed Inclusive, Resilient and Sustainable Housing for the Urban Poor Project welcomes complaints, suggestions, queries, and comments regarding program implementation. We encourage persons with a grievance to provide their name and contact information to enable us to get in touch with you for clarification and feedback.

In case you want to include your personal details but want information to remain confidential, please type CONFIDENTIAL above your name.

Appendix 17 211

Sample Environmental Site Inspection Report

Project Name Contract Number

NAME: ______DATE: ______TITLE: ______DMA: ______LOCATION: ______GROUP: ______

WEATHER CONDITION:______

INITIAL SITE CONDITION:______

CONCLUDING SITE CONDITION:

Satisfactory ______Unsatisfactory ______Incident ______Resolved ______Unresolved ______

INCIDENT: Nature of incident:______

Intervention Steps:______

Incident Issues Survey

Design Project Implementation Activity Stage Pre-Commissioning Guarantee Period

Inspection Emissions Waste Minimization Air Quality Reuse and Recycling Noise pollution Dust and Litter Control Hazardous Substances Trees and Vegetation

Site Restored to Original Condition Yes No

Signature ______

Sign off Name Name

Position Position

212 Appendix 18

Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Template

Introduction  Overall project description and objectives  Environmental categorization of each subproject as per ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS 2009) Project Safeguards Team  Identify the role/s of Safeguards Team including schedule of on-site verification of reports submitted by consultants and contractors. Name Designation/Office Email Address Contact Number Roles 1. PMU

2. PIDs

3. Consultants

Overall Project and Subproject/Package Progress and Status  Description of Sub-projects and Indicate o Status of design – preliminary design or final design, o Status of implementation - under bidding, contract awarded but no works yet, contract awarded with works (on-going construction), civil works completed, and/or Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Package Subproject Type of Status of Contract Status of If On-going Construction Number Name / List of Contract Design Status Implementation Works (specify if (specify if %Physical Expected DBO, DB (specify if under (specify if Progress Completion or civil Preliminary bidding or Contract awarded Date works) Design, Final contract with works (On- Detailed awarded) going Design Construction), Completed Works, or O&M phase)29

29 If on-going construction, include %physical progress and expected date of completion Appendix 18 213

o For package with “Contract Awarded”, provide name/s and contact details of contractor/s’ nodal person/s for environmental safeguards.

Package-wise Contractor/s’ Nodal Persons for Environmental Safeguards Package IEE Cleared Contractor EHS Nodal Email Contact Name by ADB Person Address Number

(provide date)

Status of IEE per Subproject/Package  Provide status of updated/final IEE30 per package.

Package-wise Implementation Status Package Final IEE based on Detailed Design Site-specific Remarks Number EMP or Not yet Submitted Disclosed Final IEE Construction (C- due to ADB on provided to EMP) approved (detailed project Contractor/s by Chief design not (provide website Engineer?31 yet date of (Yes/No) completed) submission) (provide (Yes/No) link)

Compliance Status with National/State/Local Statutory Environmental Requirements32 Package Statutory Status of Validity Action Specific Conditions Number Environmental Compliance Date(s) Required that will require Requirements33 environmental (Specify if (if already monitoring as per obtained, obtained) environmental submitted and clearance, consent awaiting approval,

30 IEE prepared based on preliminary design and cleared by ADB with condition that updated/Final IEE based on detailed design will be submitted. 31 Works will not be allowed until C-EMP is approved by the PMU and/or PID. 32 All statutory clearance/s, no-objection certificates, permit/s, etc. should be obtained prior to award of contract/s. Attach as Appendix all clearances obtained during the reporting period. If already reported, specify in the “remarks” column. 33 Specify statutory requirements: environmental clearance? Permit/consent to establish? Forest clearance? Workers/Labor permit, etc.

214 Appendix 18

application not yet / permit to submitted ) establish34

Compliance Status with Environmental Loan Covenants Schedule No. and Item Covenant Status of Compliance Action Required

(see Project Loan Agreement and list provisions / paragraph relevant to environmental safeguards, core labor standards, occupational EHS, community health and safety)

Compliance Status with the Environmental Management Plan (refer to EMP tables in approved IEE/s)  Confirm in IEE/s if contractors are required to submit construction EMPs (C-EMP). If not, describe the methodology of monitoring each package under implementation.

 Provide over-all compliance of the contractors with C-EMP. This should be supported by contractors’ monthly monitoring reports to PID(s) and/or verification reports of PID(s) or project consultants. Include as an Appendix supporting documents such as signed monthly environmental site inspection reports prepared by consultants and/or contractors. Overall Compliance with C-EMP Package Status of C-EMP Implementation Action Proposed and Additional Number Measures Required (Excellent/ Satisfactory/ Partially Satisfactory/ Below Satisfactory)

34 Example: Environmental Clearance requires ambient air quality monitoring, Forest Clearance/Tree- cutting Permit requires 2 trees for every tree, etc. Appendix 18 215

 Provide description based on site observations and records: o Confirm if any dust was noted to escape the site boundaries and identify dust suppression techniques followed for site/s. o Identify muddy water was escaping site boundaries or muddy tracks were seen on adjacent roads. o Identify type of erosion and sediment control measures installed on site/s, condition of erosion and sediment control measures including if these were intact following heavy rain. o Identify designated areas for concrete works, chemical storage, construction materials, and re-fuelling. Attach photographs of each area. o Confirm spill kits on site and site procedure for handling emergencies. o Identify any chemical stored on site and provide information on storage condition. Attach photograph. o Describe management of stockpiles in each work site (construction materials, excavated soils, spoils, etc.). Provide photographs. o Describe management of solid and liquid wastes on-site (quantity generated, transport, storage and disposal). Provide photographs. o Provide information on barricades, signages, and on-site boards. Provide photographs. o Provide information on construction / workers camp(s). Provide photographs. o Provide information on work-related accidents and incidents. Describe actions implemented. o Provide information on if there are any activities being under taken out of working hours and how that is being managed.  Provide list of trainings on environmental safeguards, core labor standards, and Occupational environment, health and safety conducted during the reporting period. Include ADB-organized workshop, trainings, seminars, etc)

Trainings, Workshops and Seminars Conducted Date Topic Conducted by No. of No. of Remarks Participants Participants (Total) (Female)

 Provide the monitoring results as per the parameters outlined in the approved EMP (or C-EMP when applicable).

Summary of Environmental Monitoring Activities (for the Reporting Period)35

35 Attach Laboratory Results and Sampling Map/Locations

216 Appendix 18

Impacts Mitigation Parameters Method of Location of Date of Person Measures Monitored Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Who (List (As identified Conducted Conducted from C- (List from in the (Visual, (Provide GPS the EMP) C-EMP) Actual Coordinates)36 Monitoring C-EMP) Sampling, etc.)

Design Phase

Pre-Construction Phase

Construction Phase

Operational Phase

Monitoring of Environmental Impacts on Project Surroundings  Confirm records of pre-work condition of roads, agricultural land or other infrastructure prior to starting to transport materials and construction. Package Number. Status of Pre-Work Baseline Action Proposed and Conditions Environmental Additional Measures Conditions (air, water, Required (Recorded / Not noise) Documented Recorded) (Yes / No)

36 If GPS coordinate is not available, provide landmark(s) and/or chainage. Appendix 18 217

 Provide information on monitoring activities conducted during reporting period. If not conducted, provide justification. Compare results with baseline and internationally recognized standards.37 Air Quality Monitoring Results Site No. Date of Testing Site Location Parameters (as Remarks required by statutory (Provide GPS clearances or as Coordinates)38 mentioned in the IEE)

PM10 SO2 NO2 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3

Water Quality Monitoring Results Site Date of Site Parameters (as required by statutory Remarks No. Sampling Location clearances or as mentioned in the IEE)

pH Conductivity BOD TSS TN TP µS/cm mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L

Noise Quality Monitoring Results

Site No. Date of Site LAeq (dBA) (as required by Remarks Testing Location statutory clearances or as mentioned in the IEE)

Day Time Night Time

37 ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) Appendix 1, para 33: During the design, construction, and operation of the project the borrower/client will apply pollution prevention and control technologies and practices consistent with international good practice, as reflected in internationally recognized standards such as the World Bank Group’s Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines. These standards contain performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects. When host country regulations differ from these levels and measures, the borrower/client will achieve whichever is more stringent. If less stringent levels or measures are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances, the borrower/client will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives that are consistent with the requirements presented in the SPS. 38 If GPS coordinate is not available, provide landmark(s) and/or chainage.

218 Appendix 18

Information Disclosure, Participation and Consultations  Confirm PMU/PID/contractors provide project-related information to stakeholders, communities and/or affected people before and during construction works.39  Provide information on consultations conducted during reporting period such dates, topics discussed, type of consultation, issues/concerns raised, safeguards team member present. Attach minutes of meetings (ensure English translation is provided), attendance sheet, and photos. Date of Location Number of Participants Issues/Concerns Response to Consultation (specify total, male and Raised issues/concerns female)

Grievance Redress Mechanism  Grievance Redress Mechanism. Provide information on establishment of grievance redress mechanism and capacity of grievance redress committee to address project- related issues/complaints. Include as an Appendix Notification of the GRM (package- wise if applicable).  Complaints Received during the Reporting Period. Provide information on number, nature, and resolution of complaints received during reporting period. Attach records as per GRM in the approved IEE. Identify safeguards team member/s involved in the GRM process. Attach minutes of meetings (ensure English translation is provided). Summary of Key issues/concerns identified during the Reporting Period and Remedial Actions  Provide corrective action plan which should include all issues/concerns, actions required to be implemented, responsible entities, and target dates. Status of Corrective Actions from Previous Monitoring Report(S)  Provide information on corrective actions to be implemented as reported in the previous Monitoring Report(s). Include status of implementation of feedbacks/comments/suggestions as provided by ADB, if any.

Corrective Action Plan Status Issues/Concerns Corrective Action Status Remarks

39 Check EMP requirement on information disclosure. At a minimum, PID through the contractor should notify communities/affected persons/sensitive receptors 7 days and again 1 day before start of works. Appendix 18 219

Appendices  Photos  Records of consultations  Copies of environmental clearances and permits (if not provided in the previous Monitoring Report  Environmental site inspection report (if not provided in the previous Monitoring Report  Other

220 Appendix 19

Outline of Daily Monitoring Sheet for Contractors

Contractor Monitoring Sheet

Name of Subproject: Location of Subproject: Supervising PID: Contractor: Contractor EHS Supervisor (or equivalent): Date of monitoring:

Summary of Findings

Monitoring Item Status Remarks 1. Compliance with Local Permit (Secured / Application Requirements Submitted / Not Applicable) Location/zoning permits Permit to construct Building permit Transport / hauling permits 2. Compliance with IEE Requirements (Approved / Under

Preparation / Submitted to PID for Approval) Construction EMP (C-EMP) Corrective Action Plan, if any 3. Compliance with C-EMP

Construction Site (Satisfactory / Needs Improvement / Not Implemented) - Conduct of toolbox talk - Use of PPE - Rest areas for male and female workers - Toilets for male and female workers - Medical kits - Drinking water supply - Dust control - Noise control - Solid waste management - Wastewater management - Chemicals storage (fuel, oil, etc.) - Siltation or erosion control - Heavy equipment staging / parking area - Barricades around excavation sites - Access to residential houses/shops/businesses - Traffic routing signages - Lightings at night - Trench shoring / landslide protection Appendix 19 221

Construction Workers’ Camp Site (Available / Needs Improvement / Not Available)

Quarters for male and female workers Monitoring Item Status Remarks - Sleeping utilities (e.g. beds, pillows, blankets, mosquito nets, etc.) - Power/Electricity supply - Drinking water supply - Toilets for male and female workers - General purpose water supply (cooking, washing, bathing) - Cooking facilities and areas - Solid waste management - Wastewater management - Pest control 4. Implementation of GRM (Yes / No or None / Under Resolution) Complaints Complaints resolution 5. Environmental Quality Measurement (Passed / Failed / Not Applicable) Ambient air quality sampling Noise level measurement Receiving water quality sampling

Other Issues:

Attachments:

1. Copies of permits secured, if any. 2. Photos taken at worksites, if any.

(Photos attached in previous monitoring sheets should not be used again). 3. Laboratory results of environmental quality measurements, if any.

Prepared by:

Name, Designation and Signature

222 Appendix 20

Minutes of the meeting for the ASI Meeting