JAMAL MOHAMED COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (Re-Accredited at ‘A’ Grade by NAAC – CGPA 3.6 out of 4.0) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620 020 TAMIL NADU, INDIA

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JAMAL MOHAMED COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (Re-Accredited at ‘A’ Grade by NAAC – CGPA 3.6 out of 4.0) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620 020 TAMIL NADU, INDIA PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF MILK IN BUDALUR BLOCK OF THANJAVUR DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU Thesis submitted to the Bharathidasan University for the award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ECONOMICS By P. JAYAKUMAR (Ref. No. 004940/Ph.D.2/Eco/PT/July 2007) Under the Guidance of Dr. D. KUMAR, M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed., DPMIR., Ph.D., M.B.A., P.G. AND RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS JAMAL MOHAMED COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) (Re-Accredited at ‘A’ Grade by NAAC – CGPA 3.6 out of 4.0) TIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 620 020 TAMIL NADU, INDIA. DECEMBER – 2010 PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS JAMAL MOHAMED COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) THIRUCHIRAPPALLI - 620 020 Dr. D. KUMAR Office : 0431 - 2331235 Reader in Economics & Research Advisor, Resi : 0431-2455757 Mobile:9443470242 Email : [email protected] [email protected] CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF MILK IN BUDALUR BLOCK OF THANJAVUR DISTRICT OF TAMILNADU” SUBMITTED BY P. JAYAKUMAR (Ref No. 004940 / Ph.D.2/ Eco / PT / July’2007) is a bonafide record of research work done by him under my guidance in the Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Thiruchirappalli and that the thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award to the candidate of any degree or any other similar title. The thesis is the outcome of personal research work done by the candidate under my overall supervision. (D. KUMAR) Date : Station: DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work embodied in this thesis has been originally carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr. D. Kumar, Reader in Economics & Research Advisor, Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Thiruchirappalli-620020. This work has not been submitted either in whole or in part for any other degree or diploma at any university. (P. JAYAKUMAR) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At the outset, I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. D. Kumar, M.A., M.Phil., B.Ed., DPMIR., Ph.D., M.B.A., Department of Economics Jamal Mohamed College Tiruchirappalli, for his expertise guidance and invaluable help throughout the study. Mere words would not be sufficient to explain his greatness in giving encouragement, advice and helping hand to me in the completion of this research. It is a great pleasure and excellent experience to work under his guidance. I am thankful to Dr. M. Sheik Mohamed, M.Com., M.Phil., Ph.D., principal and the secretary, management committee for having granted permission to do Ph.D. (Part-Time) programme in Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli-620 020. I also extend my sincere gratitude to Dr. P.N.P. Mohamed Sahaputheen, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Reader and Head of Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, and all the Faculty members, Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College Tiruchirappalli for their timely help and moral support. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. K. Shanmugavadivel, M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., Reader in the Department of Statistics, St. Joseph College, Tiruchirappalli I am extremely thankful to Dr. Gnanasekaran, M.A, M.Phil., Ph.D., Reader and Head of Department of Economics St. Joseph’s College, Tirchirappalli and Dr. P. Stanly Joseph Micheal Raj, M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Reader in the Department of Economics St. Joseph’s College, Tirchirappalli for their valuable suggestions. I am indeed very much thankful to Mrs. K. Senthil Selvi, M.Sc., M.Phil., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, EVR College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli for her constant encouragement. I cannot forget the support and help rendered by my colleagues Dr. T. Sudakar, Dr. George Clement, Dr. B. Mohamed Rafeeq, Research scholars of the Department of Economics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli. My sincere thanks to Dr. V.R. Mathiazhagan, Reader in Economics, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli. I am thankful to the Librarian and staff members of the libraries of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli and St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli. I am thankful to Dr. Durairajan, Librarian of St. Josephs College, Tirchirappalli, Madras Institute of Development Studies, Madras, and Tamil Nadu Veterinary University, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University and M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Madras. No word would suffice to express my deep gratitude to Mr. D. Thomas, M.A., P.G.D.T.E., Lecturer (S.G.) in English (Rtd.), St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli, for his kindly help in correcting the proof of this report and for giving valuable suggestions for the successful completion of this work. I am indebted to all the respondents, Avin Milk Co-Operative Society in Thanjavur, for helping me and co-operating with me in collecting the necessary data available for the research. I am also thankful to all the officials in the Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Department of Statistics Thanjavur, Agriculture, Revenue etc., for providing me with important secondary data for this research. I express my gratitude to veterinary dispensary in Thirukkattuppalli, Budalur and Sengipatti for giving me sufficient information regarding the research. I am indeed duty bound to express my sincere thanks to my beloved sister P. Annamary for being the foundation to my educational process. I also would like to express my genuine thanks to my beloved wife J. Ruba and my cheerful son J. Joshan Kingsley for their constant encouragement. Last but not the least, I owe a great deal to my beloved Grand father, Parents, Sisters and Brother for their self less and constant help. And I express my heartfelt thanks to all the members and friends for their valuable help. Finally I thank M/s. Golden Net Computers, Tiruchirappalli for their whole hearted cooperation and neat finish of the thesis. P. Jayakumar CONTENTS Chapter Page Title No. No. Certificate Declaration Acknowledgement List of Tables List of Diagrams 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Need for the Study 2 1.3 Research gap 3 1.4 Motivation for the study 4 1.5 Statement of the Problem 4 1.6 Research questions 6 1.7 Objectives 6 1.8 Hypotheses 6 1.9 Theoretical framework for the Study 6 1.10 Limitations of the study 11 1.11 Plan of the study 12 II Review of Literature 13 2.1 Review of literature related to characteristics of the milk 13 producers 2.2 Review of literature related to the cost and productivity in the 26 milk production 2.3 Review of literature related to channels of marketing 46 2.4 Review of Literature related to constraints in milk production 57 and marketing III Profile of the study area and Methods and Materials 69 3.1 Profile of the Study area 69 3.2 Definition and concepts 85 3.3 Definitions of various categories of incomes 87 3.4 Data base and period of the study 88 3.5 Sampling design 88 3.6 Statistical tools used 91 IV Analysis of the characteristics of the milk producers in 92 Budalur block 4.1 Analysis of characteristics of the respondents 92 4.2 Analysis of the standard of living of milk producers in the study 112 area. 4.3 Analysis of the bovine population and ownership of the 123 respondents in the study area V Analysis of factors determining milk production income 132 VI Analysis of the cost and productivity of milk production in 150 the study area. 6.1 Analysis of the cost of milk production in the study area 150 6.2 Analysis of the productivity of the bovine in the study area 160 VII Analysis of the various channels of marketing and problems 175 of milk production in the study area. 7.1 Analysis of the various channels of marketing of milk 175 production in the study area 7.2 Analysis of the constraints experienced by the milk producers in 179 the study area VIII Findings, Suggestions and Conclusion 189 8.1 Major Findings of the Study 189 8.2 Suggestions 194 8.3 Conclusion 195 8.4 Area for the further research 196 Bibliography B1 Appendix – I A1 Trends in Milk Production in Tamil Nadu District wise milk production in Tamil Nadu in 2007-08 Bovine Population in Tamil Nadu Sampling Selection Budalur Block Population Veterinary Dispensary and Hospitals Appendix – II A11 Interview Schedule Appendix – III A22 Photo Plates Appendix – IV A30 Papers Published LIST OF TABLES Table Page Title No. No. 3.1 Land use pattern 72 3.2 Demographic data 73 3.3 SC / ST, OBC and minorities 74 3.4 Work Force 74 3.5 Total worker classification 74 3.6 Animal Husbandry 77 3.7 Budalur block at a glance 79 3.8 Area and Population 80 3.9 Literacy rate 80 3.10 Workers details 80 3.11 Bovine details of the study area 81 4.1.1 Religion wise distribution of the respondents 93 4.1.2 Community wise distribution of the respondents 93 4.1.3 Sex wise distribution of the respondents 95 4.1.4 Age wise distribution of the respondents 95 4.1.5 Education wise distribution of the respondents 96 4.1.6 Area wise house distribution of the respondents 98 4.1.7 Area wise family expenditure distribution of the respondents 100 4.1.8 Area wise saving pattern of the respondents 103 4.1.9 Area wise investment pattern of the respondents 106 4.1.9.1 ANOVA 108 4.1.9.2 Area wise comparison of investment in bovine population 109 4.1.10 Borrowing status of the respondents 109 4.1.11 Sources of borrowing 110 4.2.1 Standard of living of the respondents 113 4.2.2 Area wise standard of living of the respondents 113 4.2.3 Correlation between type of land and standard of living 115 4.2.4 Bovine Population wise standard of living of the respondents 116 4.2.5 Sex wise standard of living of the respondents 117 4.2.6 Age wise standard of the living of the respondents 118 4.2.7 Marital status wise standard of living of the respondents 119
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