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Ariel FARM 19 5 Acta Farr~z.Bonaerense 19 (3): 165-184 (2000) Trabajos originales Recibido el lode noviembre de 1999 Aceptado el 2 de febrero de 2000 Compuestas Medicinales de la Provincia Biogeogriifica Pampeana: Claves para su Determinación e Iconografías. Parte V: Compuestas con Capítulos Dimorfos o Trimorfos y con Papus (Grupos 6 y 7) * Susana E. FREIRE ** lv2 y Estrella URTUBEY Área de Botánica, Departanlento de Biologla y Ecologla, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, calle 60 entre 116 y 118, 1900 La Plata, Argenti)ta. Departanzento Cientffico de Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentitta. RESUMEN. El presente trabajo representa la quinta y última parte de las compuestas medicinales de la provincia biogeográfica Pampeana (este de la Argentina, Uruguay y mitad austral de Rio Grande do Su1 en Brasil), ubicadas en el sexto y séptimo grupos artificiales de los siete delimitados en la primera parte del trabajo. Estos grupos están caracterizados por sus capítulos con flores dimorfas o trimorfas y con papus en todas las flores o sólo en las del disco. Comprenden 48 especies y 7 variedades que pertenecen a siete tribus: Astereae (Aster, Bacchadastrum, Conym, Grindelia, Gutierrezia, Heterothalamus, Hysterionica, So- liúago), Anthemideae (Tanacetum), Helenieae (Schkuhria y Tagetes), Heliantheae (Acmella, Bidens, Eclipta, Galinsoga, Helianthus, Partheniurn, Tithonia, Verbesina y Wedelia), Inuleae (Achyrocline, Gamochaeta, Gnaphalium y Tessaria), Mutisieae (Chaptalia y Trichocline) y Senecioneae (Erechthites, Senecio). Se btin- da una clave para la determinación de las especies y, para cada una de ellas, el nombre científico válido, si- nónimos, nombres vulgares, distribución geográfica, usos medicinales e iconografía. SUMMARY. "Mediciiial Compositae of tlie Pampean Biogeographic Province: Keys for Taxa Identification and Illustratioiis. Part V: Coinpositae witli Dimorphic or Trimorphic Flowers and with Pappus". The present paper is the fifth (last) part of the review of medicinal Coinpositae of the Pampean biogeographic province (east of Argentina, Uruguay, and tlie Southem half of the Río Grande do Su1 state of Brazil), and represeiits tlie sixth aiid seveiitli of the seveii groups delimited in the part 1. Tliese groups are cliaracterized by its capitula with diniorphic or triiiiorphic flowers witli pappus aiid coniprise 48 species aiid 7 vaneties. Seveii tribes are preseiit in this part: Astereae (Aster, Baccliaridastrrrni. Conyzn, Grindelia, Gutierrezia, Heterotlialanrus, Hysterionicn, aiid Solidago), Aiitlieinideae (Tanaceticnt),Helenieae (Scltkuhria and Tagetes), Helianttieae (Acniella, Bidens. Eclipto. Galinsoga, Heliantlirrs, Partheniuni, Tithonia, Verbesina aiid Wedelia), Iiiuleae (Achyrocline, Gamoclraeta, Gnayhaliunl, aiid Tessaria),Mutisieae (Chaptalia and Trichocline),and Seiiecioiieae (Erechthites, Senecio). A key for identificatioii of taxa as well as scieiitific and vernacular names, synoiiyms, geographical dis- tributioii, iiiedicinal uses aiid illustratioiis are given for each species. INTRODUCCI~N rnochaeta,Gnaphaliurrr y Tessa?ia), Mutisieae Las Coriipuestas inedicinales con capítulos (Cl~aptaliay Trichocline) y Senecioneae (Erechthi- de flores dimorfas o triniorfas y con papus (gru- tes, Senecio). pos 6 y 7) están representadas en la provincia En esta quinta y última parte se brindan cla- biogeográfica Pampeana (este de la Argentina, ves para la deterniinación de las especies de los Utugiiay y rnitad austral de Río Grande do Su1 grupos 6 y 7, así como una tabla con los nom- en Brasil) por 48 especies y 7 variedades. perte- bres científicos válidos, sinónimos, nombres vul- necientes a siete tsibus: Astereae (Aster, Baccba- gares, distribución y usos medicinales e icono- ndf~striii~r.Cotgen. Gnt~(lel?n,Gz~t?errezia. He- grafias de cada una de las especies. Se incluyen tetwtba1clt)rus. Hyster-~ot??cciy Soli~lago).Antlie- además los índices de nombres científicos, sinó- riiideae ( Tit~acetut~~),Helenieae ~Scbkuhtyay nimos y nombres vulgares de la partes 1-V y Tagetes). Heliaritheae (Act)lellcz. Bidetls, Ecliptcz, también se aportan algurias conclusiones fitoes- -Gcil~twogcl.Helinrzthus, Parthet?turii, T~thotz~o. tadístcas. Veróestt~ay IVedelicr), Iriuleae (Ach,~tvclit?c~,Gu- PALABRAS CLAVE: Especies iiiediciiiales. Coiiipiiestas, proviiicia biogeográfica Painpeaiia. KEY WORDS: Medicinal species, Coinpositae, Paiiipean biogwgrapliic proviiice. * La pane I fue publicada en Acta Farni. Bo~iaeretrse18: 191-9 (1999) La parte 11 fue publicada en Acta Farni. Botiaeretl~e18: 283-94 (1999) La parte 111 fue publicada en Acta Farnr. Bo~iaeretue19: 13-6 (2000) La parte IV fue publicada en Acta Farni. Botuere~rse19: 85-90 (2000) ** Autora a quien dirigir la correspondencia ISSN 0326-2383 Freire, S.E. & E. Urtubey RESULTADOS Clave para &a detemdnacZ61 de las especies & Compuestas con capítulos dlmorfos o trimorfos y papus piíoso (Grupo 6), Figs. 1-3 1. Flores trimorfas: las del margen liguladas, las siguientes filiformes y las interiores bilabiadas 2. Hojas lirado-pinnatífidas Chaptalia nutans 2'. Hojas elípticas o lanceoladas 3. Hojas elípticas, sinuadas o retrorso-dentadas en el margen Chaptalia si?zuata 3'. Hojas lanceoladas, enteras o denticuladas Chaptalia integerritna 1'. Flores dimorfas: las del margen filiformes, bilabiadas, liguladas o tubulosas, las del disco tubulosas 4. Flores del margen bilabiadas, con labio externo liguliforme 5. Flores amarillas. Involucro 20-26 mm diám. Trichocline incana 5'. Flores encarnadas. I~ivolucro33-40 rnni diáni. Trichocline tnacrocephala 4'. Flores del margen filiformes o liguladas 6. Papus doble, formado por pelos largos y una serie externa de pajitas Hysterionica jasionoides 6'. Papus formado sólo por pelos o cerdas delgadas 7. Anteras obtusas en la base (no sagitadas) 8. Filarios en 2 o más series 9. Capítulos radiados con flores del margen liguladas 10. Flores del margen blancas, las del disco amarillas 11. Hojas oblanceoladas-lineares y atenuadas en la base. Aquenios lineares Aster squamatus var. squatnatus 11'. Hojas gramuiiformes. Aquenios ovados Aster squatnatus var. gratrzinifoiiw 10'. Flores todas amarillas 12. Capítulos dispuestos en racimos o corimbos en el ápice de los tallos. Hojas estre- chamente lineares Heterothalamui alienus 12'.Capítulos dispuestos en paiiojas con ramas secundarias curvadas. Hojas linear-lan- ceoladas 13. Plantas glabras Soitüago cbiiensis vdr. chilensis 1% Plantas densamente pubescentes en tallos y hojas Solidago chilensis var. rnegapotatnica 9'. Capítulos subdiscoides con flores del margen filiformes 14. Flores del disco estaminadas por esterilidad del gineceo. Hojas ovadas, enteras Baccharidastmm triplinervium 14'. Flores del disco perfectas. Hojas superiores lineares, las inferiores oblanceoladas. lo- badas o enteras 15. Panojas contraidas Conyza bonariensis 15'. Panojas amplias Conyza alln'da 8'. Filarios en una serie 16. Hojas enteras o sinuado-dentadas 17. Hojas enteras, las inferiores ovado-deltoides y largamente pecioladas Senecio bonariensis 17'. Hojas sinuado-dentadas, atenuadas en pseudopecíolo Erechtbites hieraracifolia var. cacalioides 16'. Hojas profundamente piniiatisectas 18. Segmentos linear-lanceolados, 2.5-6 rnm ancho 19. Segnientos enteros eii el margen Serrecio Drasiliensis var. brasiliensis 19'. Segmentos aserrados en el rnargeri Senecio brasiliensis var. tripartitus 18'. Segmentos estrechamente luleares, 0.5-7 nlni ancho 20. Filarios alrededor de 20 Se?zeciopi?znatus 20'. Filarios 8-13 Senecio sftbz~iatttsvar. erectus 7'. Anteras atenuadas en la base en largas puntas (sagitadas) 21. Capítulos con flores del disco estaminadas. Ramas del estilo no divididas. Arboles o arbustos 22. Hojas coiicolores, glaiidulosas en ambas caras, nlargeii comúnniente aserrado. Aqueriios pubescentes Tessaria dodoioneijolin 22'. Hojas discolores, tomentosas, margen entero. Aquenios glabros Tessaria integrijolia acta farr>iacéutica Dotiaeretrse - vol. 19 no 3 - año 2000 21'. Capítulos con flores del disco perfectas. Ramas del estilo divididas. Hierbas 23. Papus formado por pelos libres 24. Capítulos con 5-10-floros 25. Hojas lineares de hasta 50 x 1.5-4 nlm Acbryrocline satureioides 25'. Hojas linear-lanceoladas de más de 60 x 4-7 mm Acbryrocline flaccida 24'. Capítulos más de 50-floros 26. Hojas discolores Gnaphaliu?ngaudicl~audianum 26'. Hojas concolores Gnapl~aliumcbeirantbifolium 23'. Papus formado por pelos unidos en la base en un anillo 27. Hojas discolores (cara superior oscura, lanuginosa o glabra y cara infe- rior blanco-lanosa) 28. Hojas inferiores arrosetadas 29. Filarios interiores obtusos Gatnocbaeta coarctata 29'. Filarios interiores acuminados en el ápice Gamocbaeta americana 28'. Hojas uniformemente distribuidas en todo el tallo Gamochaeta simplicicaulis 27'. Hojas concolores, lanosas en ambas caras 30. Hojas obovadas, atenuadas en pseudopecíolo Gamocbaeta pensyluanica 30'. Hojas lineares, sésiles 31. Filarios interiores agudos Gamocbaetafilaginea 31'. Filarios interiores obtusos Gatnocbaeta calYiceps Figura 1. Acl~ymlinejlnccida~eimn.)DC. (Irmao L. A. 37): A, parte superior de la planta. Acbymlinesarvreioidet (Lam.) DC. (Cabrera 4263): B, parle supetior de la planta; h,, filanos; b2, flor del disco; b3, flor del margen; bc5, aquenios; b6, pelo del papus. Askrsquamarus var. gmnin~pius(Spreng.) Hieron. (Hub. Rosengurtt 8755): C, parte superior de la planta; cl, aquenio. Astersquaniarurvar. squanuuur (Spreng.) Hieron. (Cabrera 159): D, pane superior de la planta, d,, aquenio; d2, fb- rios; d3, flor del margen;
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