DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ecology of Co-Infection in the Phyllosphere: Unraveling the Interactions Between Microbes, Insect Herbivores, and the Host Plants They Share

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ecology of Co-Infection in the Phyllosphere: Unraveling the Interactions Between Microbes, Insect Herbivores, and the Host Plants They Share The Ecology Of Co-Infection In The Phyllosphere: Unraveling The Interactions Between Microbes, Insect Herbivores, And The Host Plants They Share Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Humphrey, Parris Taylor Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 20:08:03 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565900 THE ECOLOGY OF CO-INFECTION IN THE PHYLLOSPHERE: UNRAVELING THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROBES, INSECT HERBIVORES, AND THE HOST PLANTS THEY SHARE by Parris T. Humphrey __________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY & EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2015 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Parris T. Humphrey, titled The ecology of co-infection in the phyllosphere: Dissecting three-way interactions between plants and their microbial and insect attackers, and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (May 8, 2015) Noah K. Whiteman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (May 8, 2015) Martha S. Hunter _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (May 8, 2015) Michael Worobey _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (May 8, 2015) David Baltrus Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: (May 8, 2015) Dissertation Director: Noah K. Whiteman 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the author. SIGNED: Parris T. Humphrey 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In late spring of 2010, Noah Whiteman extended an invitation to me to join his new lab. He may not have known it at the time, but such an invitation was the very thing that stopped me from quietly bowing out of graduate school after an initial year of turmoil and uncertainty. His openness, compassion, and generosity allowed me to carve out a meaningful set of research questions under his mentorship. I owe any successes I might have had since to this initial and decisive act of encouragement. I am also grateful to several of the outstanding faculty in EEB (past and present) from whom I have received enduring inspiration: Judith (Judie) Bronstein, Peter Chesson, Brian Enquist, Regis Ferriere, Joanna Masel, Nancy Moran, Michael Nachman, Howard Ochman, and Michael Worobey. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Michael Worobey, Martha (Molly) Hunter, and David Baltrus, for their feedback and perpetual support throughout this process. I have been lucky to receive financial support from the NSF in the form of an IGERT training fellowship in Genomics for my first three years as a graduate student, as well as a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, which supported my later chapters and continues to support ongoing work. Various awards from within the University of Arizona have greatly improved my experience, including from the Center for Insect Science, the Galileo Circle, the Graduate and Professional Student Council, and the Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology. My three field seasons at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL) would not have been 5 possible without the generous support of their graduate fellowships or their NSF-funded REU program that supported most of the undergraduates I was lucky to mentor: thank you to Jennie Reithel, Ian Billick, and Emily Mooney for making this possible. My final year was greatly enhanced by the opportunity to study for two months at the École Normal Supérieure (ENS) in Paris, France, thanks to Regis Ferriere and the PUF/FACE grant to the University of Arizona and ENS. The intellectual growth afforded by this experience already has made a substantial impact on my future research trajectory. Thank you also to all of the members of the Whiteman lab since its inception: you have created a warm and stimulating environment in which to work and have set the bar of collegiality and camaraderie very high. My family has also played a central role in supporting my endeavors in part by not begrudging me my infrequent phone calls or incessant business: thank you to Ralph, JoAnn, Callie, and Pharel, for this loving kindness. Finally, I am especially grateful to Jeremy Jonas, Melissa Duhaime, Kevin Vogel, Paul CaraDonna, Ross Brennan, and Timothy O’Connor for their wonderful gifts of friendship, and to Heather Briggs for the incredible gift of partnership. 6 DEDICATION To KMB for helping me into this, and to HMB for helping me out. 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................8 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................10 1.1 Dissertation overview..................................................................................................10 1.2 Origins and implications of immune cross-talk...........................................................14 1.3 General implications....................................................................................................19 1.4 Future directions..........................................................................................................20 1.5 Explanation of dissertation format..............................................................................21 PRESENT STUDY........................................................................................................................22 2.1 Diversity and abundance of phyllosphere bacteria are linked to insect herbivory.....22 2.2 Plant secondary compounds are attractive, aversive, and defensive in the foraging ecology of a specialist herbivore.......................................................................................23 2.3 Life history variation underlies competition and co-existence in a phyllosphere Pseudomonas spp. community...........................................................................................24 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................26 APPENDIX A: DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF PHYLLOSPHERE BACTERIA ARE LINKED TO INSECT HERBIVORY...........................................................................................32 APPENDIX B: PLANT SECONDARY COMPOUNDS ARE ATTRACTIVE, AVERSIVE, AND DEFENSIVE IN THE FORAGING ECOLOGY OF A SPECIALIST HERBIVORE.......83 APPENDIX C: LIFE HISTORY VARIATION UNDERLIES COMPETITION AND CO- EXISTENCE IN A PHYLLOSPHERE PSEUDOMONAS SPP. COMMUNITY......................132 8 ABSTRACT Infection by multiple parasites is a part of everyday life for many organisms. The host immune system may be a central mediator of the many ways parasites might influence one another (and their hosts). Immunity provides a means for the colonized to reduce the success of current and future colonizers and has evolved across the tree of life several times independently. Along the way, the immune systems of plants as well as many groups of animals has evolved perhaps an accidental vulnerability wherein defense against one parasite can increase susceptibility to others. This so-called immune ‘cross-talk’ is a conundrum worth investigating not only to understand the impact of parasites on focal organisms, but also to better predict how immunity itself influences the evolution and epidemiology of parasites whose spread we might like to curtail. For plants, co-infection often comes in the form of insect herbivores and various bacteria that colonize the leaf interior. Both colonizers can reduce plant fitness directly or indirectly by potentiating future enemies via cross-talk in plant immunity. This phenomenon has largely been studied in laboratory model plants, leaving a substantial gap in our knowledge from native species that interact in the wild. This dissertation helps close this gap by investigating the ecology of co-infection of a native plant by its major insect herbivore and diverse leaf-colonizing bacteria. I revealed that leaf co-infection in the field by leaf-mining herbivores and leaf- colonizing ("phyllosphere") bacteria
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Report of 26 Unrecorded Bacterial Species in Korea, Isolated from Urban Streams of the Han River Watershed in 2018
    Journal of Species Research 8(3):249-258, 2019 A report of 26 unrecorded bacterial species in Korea, isolated from urban streams of the Han River watershed in 2018 Yochan Joung§,1, Hye-Jin Jang§,1, Myeong Woon Kim§,2, Juchan Hwang1, Jaeho Song1 and Jang-Cheon Cho1,* 1Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea 2Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Daejin University, Hoguk-ro 1007, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 11159, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected] §These authors contributed equally to this work. Owing to a distinct environmental regime and anthropogenic effects, freshwater bacterial communities of urban streams are considered to be different from those of large freshwater lakes and rivers. To obtain unrecorded, freshwater bacterial species in Korea, water and sediment samples were collected from various urban streams of the Han River watershed in 2018. After plating the freshwater samples on R2A agar, approximately 1000 bacterial strains were isolated from the samples as single colonies and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. A total of 26 strains, with >98.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with validly published bacterial species but not reported in Korea, were determined to be unrecorded bacterial species in Korea. The unrecorded bacterial strains were phylogenetically diverse and belonged to four phyla, six classes, 12 orders, 16 families, and 21 genera. At the generic level, the unreported species were assigned to Nocardioides, Streptomyces, Microbacterium, Kitasatospora, Herbiconiux, Corynebacterium, and Microbacterium of the class Actinobacteria; Paenibacillus and Bacillus of the class Bacilli; Caulobacter, Methylobacterium, Novosphingobium, and Porphyrobacter of the class Alphaproteobacteria; Aquabacterium, Comamonas, Hydrogenophaga, Laribacter, Rivicola, Polynucleobacter, and Vogesella of the class Betaproteobacteria; Arcobacter of the class Epsilonproteobacteria; and Flavobacterium of the class Flavobacteriia.
    [Show full text]
  • Corynebacterium Sp.|NML98-0116
    1 Limnochorda_pilosa~GCF_001544015.1@NZ_AP014924=Bacteria-Firmicutes-Limnochordia-Limnochordales-Limnochordaceae-Limnochorda-Limnochorda_pilosa 0,9635 Ammonifex_degensii|KC4~GCF_000024605.1@NC_013385=Bacteria-Firmicutes-Clostridia-Thermoanaerobacterales-Thermoanaerobacteraceae-Ammonifex-Ammonifex_degensii 0,985 Symbiobacterium_thermophilum|IAM14863~GCF_000009905.1@NC_006177=Bacteria-Firmicutes-Clostridia-Clostridiales-Symbiobacteriaceae-Symbiobacterium-Symbiobacterium_thermophilum Varibaculum_timonense~GCF_900169515.1@NZ_LT827020=Bacteria-Actinobacteria-Actinobacteria-Actinomycetales-Actinomycetaceae-Varibaculum-Varibaculum_timonense 1 Rubrobacter_aplysinae~GCF_001029505.1@NZ_LEKH01000003=Bacteria-Actinobacteria-Rubrobacteria-Rubrobacterales-Rubrobacteraceae-Rubrobacter-Rubrobacter_aplysinae 0,975 Rubrobacter_xylanophilus|DSM9941~GCF_000014185.1@NC_008148=Bacteria-Actinobacteria-Rubrobacteria-Rubrobacterales-Rubrobacteraceae-Rubrobacter-Rubrobacter_xylanophilus 1 Rubrobacter_radiotolerans~GCF_000661895.1@NZ_CP007514=Bacteria-Actinobacteria-Rubrobacteria-Rubrobacterales-Rubrobacteraceae-Rubrobacter-Rubrobacter_radiotolerans Actinobacteria_bacterium_rbg_16_64_13~GCA_001768675.1@MELN01000053=Bacteria-Actinobacteria-unknown_class-unknown_order-unknown_family-unknown_genus-Actinobacteria_bacterium_rbg_16_64_13 1 Actinobacteria_bacterium_13_2_20cm_68_14~GCA_001914705.1@MNDB01000040=Bacteria-Actinobacteria-unknown_class-unknown_order-unknown_family-unknown_genus-Actinobacteria_bacterium_13_2_20cm_68_14 1 0,9803 Thermoleophilum_album~GCF_900108055.1@NZ_FNWJ01000001=Bacteria-Actinobacteria-Thermoleophilia-Thermoleophilales-Thermoleophilaceae-Thermoleophilum-Thermoleophilum_album
    [Show full text]
  • Culturable Bacteria in the Hedera Helix Phylloplane Vincent Stevens1* , Sofie Thijs1 and Jaco Vangronsveld1,2*
    Stevens et al. BMC Microbiology (2021) 21:66 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-021-02119-z RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Diversity and plant growth-promoting potential of (un)culturable bacteria in the Hedera helix phylloplane Vincent Stevens1* , Sofie Thijs1 and Jaco Vangronsveld1,2* Abstract Background: A diverse community of microbes naturally exists on the phylloplane, the surface of leaves. It is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth and bacteria are the most abundant members, living in communities that are highly dynamic. Today, one of the key challenges for microbiologists is to develop strategies to culture the vast diversity of microorganisms that have been detected in metagenomic surveys. Results: We isolated bacteria from the phylloplane of Hedera helix (common ivy), a widespread evergreen, using five growth media: Luria–Bertani (LB), LB01, yeast extract–mannitol (YMA), yeast extract–flour (YFlour), and YEx. We also included a comparison with the uncultured phylloplane, which we showed to be dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Inter-sample (beta) diversity shifted from LB and LB01 containing the highest amount of resources to YEx, YMA, and YFlour which are more selective. All growth media equally favoured Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes could only be found on LB01, YEx, and YMA. LB and LB01 favoured Firmicutes and YFlour was most selective for Betaproteobacteria. At the genus level, LB favoured the growth of Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas, while YFlour was most selective for Burkholderia and Curtobacterium. The in vitro plant growth promotion (PGP) profile of 200 isolates obtained in this study indicates that previously uncultured bacteria from the phylloplane may have potential applications in phytoremediation and other plant-based biotechnologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research To
    microorganisms Review Scientific Prospects for Cannabis-Microbiome Research to Ensure Quality and Safety of Products Vladimir Vujanovic 1,*, Darren R. Korber 1 , Silva Vujanovic 2, Josko Vujanovic 3 and Suha Jabaji 4 1 Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; [email protected] 2 Hospital Pharmacy, CISSS des Laurentides and Université de Montréal-Montreal, QC J8H 4C7, Canada; [email protected] 3 Medical Imaging, CISSS-Laurentides, Lachute, QC J8H 4C7, Canada; [email protected] 4 Plant Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-306-966-5048 Received: 4 December 2019; Accepted: 18 February 2020; Published: 20 February 2020 Abstract: Cannabis legalization has occurred in several countries worldwide. Along with steadily growing research in Cannabis healthcare science, there is an increasing interest for scientific-based knowledge in plant microbiology and food science, with work connecting the plant microbiome and plant health to product quality across the value chain of cannabis. This review paper provides an overview of the state of knowledge and challenges in Cannabis science, and thereby identifies critical risk management and safety issues in order to capitalize on innovations while ensuring product quality control. It highlights scientific gap areas to steer future research, with an emphasis on plant-microbiome sciences committed to using cutting-edge technologies for more efficient Cannabis production and high-quality products intended for recreational, pharmaceutical, and medicinal use. Keywords: Cannabis; microbiome; NCBI and USDA databases; omics; risk management; safety 1. Introduction The course of Cannabis science has been a top-down process, with the effects of the plant on humans and animals being tested before conducting extensive agronomic and ecological studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Aesculi
    Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi Scientific Name Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi (ex Durgapal & Singh 1980) Young et al. 1991 Synonyms: None known Common Name(s) Bleeding canker of horse chestnut, bleeding canker disease Type of Pest Bacterial pathogen Taxonomic Position Class: Gammaproteobacteria, Order: Pseudomonadales, Family: Pseudomonadaceae Reason for Inclusion in Manual CAPS Target: Additional Pests of Concern - 2011 A B C Figure 1: A. Healthy horse chestnut tree. B. Crown dieback and yellowing associated with P. syringae pv. aesculi. C. Crown dieback and premature leaf fall seen with bleeding canker disease. Photos courtesy of the Forestry Commission. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/forestresearch.nsf/ByUnique/INFD- 6L4GBT Background Stem bleeding on horse chestnut trees caused by Phytophthora citricola and P. cactorum was first observed in the early 1970s in the United Kingdom and other European countries (Brasier and Strouts, 1976; Green et al., 2009). Since 2002, the 1 Last Update: February 2, 2011 number of horse chestnuts with bleeding canker, however, has dramatically increased and the disease has become severe in some parts of Europe. Initial assumptions that a Phytophthora species was the primary causal agent were refuted when the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi was proven to be associated with the recent spread of the disease in the United Kingdom (Webber et al., 2007). Pest Description Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped gram negative bacterium with polar flagellae (Mabbett, 2007). P. syringae exists as over 50 pathovars (strains) infecting a wide range of plants that fall within nine genomospecies (Gardan, 1999). Pathovars are genetically distinct but morphologically the same and primarily differentiated by host range.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation, Identification and Investigation of Their Bioactive Potential Inês Filipa Coelho Ribeiro
    M DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO DE DISSERTAÇÃO AMBIENTAIS CONTAMINAÇÃO E TOXICOLOGIA Marine Actinobacteria from the Northern isolation, Coast: Portuguese of their and investigation identification bioactive potential Inês Filipa Coelho Ribeiro 2017 Inês Filipa Coelho Ribeiro. Marine Actinobacteria from the Northern Portuguese Coast: isolation, identification and M.ICBAS 2017 investigation of their bioactive potential Marine Actinobacteria from the Northern Portuguese Coast: isolation, identification and investigation of their bioactive potential Inês Filipa Coelho Ribeiro SEDE ADMINISTRATIVA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOMÉDICAS ABEL SALAZAR FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS INÊS FILIPA COELHO RIBEIRO MARINE ACTINOBACTERIA FROM THE NORTHERN PORTUGUESE COAST: ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL Dissertação de Candidatura ao grau de Mestre em Toxicologia e Contaminação Ambientais submetida ao Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto. Orientadora – Doutora Maria de Fátima Carvalho Categoria – Investigadora Auxiliar Afiliação – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental da Universidade do Porto Co-orientador – Doutor Filipe Pereira Categoria – Investigador Auxiliar Afiliação – Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental da Universidade do Porto ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Fátima Carvalho, who received me and made possible the work done in this thesis. My genuine thanks for all the shared knowledge, for all the trust and dedication and for all you provided me so that my goals were achieved. Thank you for being part of a very important phase for my personal and professional development. I would also like to thank my co-advisor, Dr. Filipe Pereira for his trust, for the support he provided me and for his contribution in the tools of molecular biology that were used in this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation of Rhizobacteria in Southwestern Québec, Canada: An
    Isolation of rhizobacteria in Southwestern Québec, Canada: An investigation of their impact on the growth and salinity stress alleviation in Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants Di Fan Department of Plant Science Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill University 21111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec H9X 3V9 December 2017 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY © Di Fan, Canada, 2017 Table of contents Abstract ................................................................................................. x Résumé ................................................................................................ xiii Acknowledegments ............................................................................. xv Preface ................................................................................................ xviii Contribution of authors ................................................................................ xviii Chapter 1................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2................................................................................................. 5 Literature Review ................................................................................... 5 2.1 What are root exudates? .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Spp. Spoilers in Fresh Dairy Products: an Underestimated Risk and the Control Strategies
    foods Review Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Spp. Spoilers in Fresh Dairy Products: An Underestimated Risk and the Control Strategies Laura Quintieri , Francesca Fanelli * and Leonardo Caputo Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0805929317 Received: 19 July 2019; Accepted: 23 August 2019; Published: 1 September 2019 Abstract: Microbial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a growing threat to public health mostly because it makes the fight against microorganisms that cause lethal infections ever less effective. Thus, the surveillance on MDR microorganisms has recently been strengthened, taking into account the control of antibiotic abuse as well as the mechanisms underlying the transfer of antibiotic genes (ARGs) among microbiota naturally occurring in the environment. Indeed, ARGs are not only confined to pathogenic bacteria, whose diffusion in the clinical field has aroused serious concerns, but are widespread in saprophytic bacterial communities such as those dominating the food industry. In particular, fresh dairy products can be considered a reservoir of Pseudomonas spp. resistome, potentially transmittable to consumers. Milk and fresh dairy cheeses products represent one of a few “hubs” where commensal or opportunistic pseudomonads frequently cohabit together with food microbiota and hazard pathogens even across their manufacturing processes. Pseudomonas spp., widely studied for food spoilage effects, are instead underestimated for their possible impact on human health. Recent evidences have highlighted that non-pathogenic pseudomonads strains (P. fluorescens, P. putida) are associated with some human diseases, but are still poorly considered in comparison to the pathogen P. aeruginosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Diverse Mechanisms of Salicin Degradation in Populus Microbiome Isolates
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2019 Characterization of Diverse Mechanisms of Salicin Degradation in Populus Microbiome Isolates Sanjeev Dahal University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Recommended Citation Dahal, Sanjeev, "Characterization of Diverse Mechanisms of Salicin Degradation in Populus Microbiome Isolates. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/5720 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Sanjeev Dahal entitled "Characterization of Diverse Mechanisms of Salicin Degradation in Populus Microbiome Isolates." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Life Sciences. Jennifer Morrell-Falvey, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Dale Pelletier, Sarah Lebeis, Cong Trinh, Daniel Jacobson Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. Thompson Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Characterization of Diverse Mechanisms of Salicin Degradation in Populus Microbiome Isolates A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Sanjeev Dahal December 2019 Dedication I would like to dedicate this dissertation, first and foremost to my family.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Microbial Ecology 80:15
    The following supplement accompanies the article Isolates as models to study bacterial ecophysiology and biogeochemistry Åke Hagström*, Farooq Azam, Carlo Berg, Ulla Li Zweifel *Corresponding author: [email protected] Aquatic Microbial Ecology 80: 15–27 (2017) Supplementary Materials & Methods The bacteria characterized in this study were collected from sites at three different sea areas; the Northern Baltic Sea (63°30’N, 19°48’E), Northwest Mediterranean Sea (43°41'N, 7°19'E) and Southern California Bight (32°53'N, 117°15'W). Seawater was spread onto Zobell agar plates or marine agar plates (DIFCO) and incubated at in situ temperature. Colonies were picked and plate- purified before being frozen in liquid medium with 20% glycerol. The collection represents aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from pelagic waters. Bacteria were grown in media according to their physiological needs of salinity. Isolates from the Baltic Sea were grown on Zobell media (ZoBELL, 1941) (800 ml filtered seawater from the Baltic, 200 ml Milli-Q water, 5g Bacto-peptone, 1g Bacto-yeast extract). Isolates from the Mediterranean Sea and the Southern California Bight were grown on marine agar or marine broth (DIFCO laboratories). The optimal temperature for growth was determined by growing each isolate in 4ml of appropriate media at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50o C with gentle shaking. Growth was measured by an increase in absorbance at 550nm. Statistical analyses The influence of temperature, geographical origin and taxonomic affiliation on growth rates was assessed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in R (http://www.r-project.org/) and the “car” package.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudomonas Cannabina Pv. Alisalensis, a Potential Model Pathogen of Both Monocots and Dicots
    Comparative Genomics of Multiple Strains of Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis, a Potential Model Pathogen of Both Monocots and Dicots Panagiotis F. Sarris1,2*¤, Emmanouil A. Trantas1, David A. Baltrus3, Carolee T. Bull4, William Patrick Wechter5, Shuangchun Yan6, Filippos Ververidis1, Nalvo F. Almeida7, Corbin D. Jones8, Jeffery L. Dangl8,9, Nickolas J. Panopoulos2,10, Boris A. Vinatzer6, Dimitrios E. Goumas1 1 Department of Plant Sciences, School of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, 2 Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece, 3 School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 4 United States Department of Agriculture– Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, United States of America, 5 United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America, 6 Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America, 7 School of Computing, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, 8 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 9 Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, 10 Professor Emeritus, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece and University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America Abstract Comparative genomics of closely related pathogens that differ in host range can provide insights into mechanisms of host- pathogen interactions and host adaptation. Furthermore, sequencing of multiple strains with the same host range reveals information concerning pathogen diversity and the molecular basis of virulence.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Aphids on a Plant Pathogen
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/797738; this version posted October 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Insects as phyllosphere microbiome engineers: effects of aphids on a plant pathogen. 1 Melanie R. Smee*, Imperio Real-Ramirez and Tory A. Hendry. 2 Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 3 *Correspondence: 4 Melanie R. Smee; [email protected] 5 6 Keywords – Aphids; environmental bacteria; honeydew; plant-microbe-insect interactions; plant 7 pathogens; Pseudomonas syringae. 8 9 Word Count = 6226 (inc. in-text citations) 10 Running title: Insects influence epiphytic bacteria 11 Manuscript type: Article 12 Supplementary files: “AphidEffects_SOM.pdf” 13 14 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/797738; this version posted October 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 15 Abstract – 200 words. 16 Insect herbivores are common in the phyllosphere, the above-ground parts of plants, and encounter 17 diverse plant-associated bacteria there, yet how these organisms interact remains largely unknown. 18 Strains of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae grow well epiphytically and have been shown to 19 grow within and kill hemipteran insects like the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Aphids are 20 hypothesized to be an alternative host for these epiphytic bacteria but it is unclear if aphids provide 21 fitness benefits to these bacterial pathogens. To determine if epiphytic bacteria could be adapted 22 for infecting aphids, we characterized 21 strains of P.
    [Show full text]