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Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Social Aceptance and Integration

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Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Social Aceptance and Integration SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TURKEY: SOCIAL ACEPTANCE AND INTEGRATION Trento on June 16th, 2016. DIRECTOR – HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY MIGRATION AND POLITICS RESERACH CENTER-HUGO HUGO ACTIVE SINCE 2011 WITH TWO MAIN FOCUSES: TURKS ABROAD REFUGEES IN TURKEY HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY MIGRATION AND POLITICS RESEARCH CENTRE (HUGO) is a research centre at Hacettepe University, conducts studies/surveys on TURKS ABROAD over 6 million people of Turkish origin immigrants especially in European countries FORCED-MIGRATION/REFUGEES in Turkey since 2011 HUGO SURVEY: HUGO SURVEY: NEO-NAZİ MURDERS IN GERMANY AND TURKS EURO-TURKS-BAROMETER HUGO SURVEY: SYRIANS IN TURKEY: SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE AND INTEGRATION APRIL-OCTOBER 2014 BOOK:TÜRKİYE’DEKİ SURİYELİLER (2015) SYRIANS IN TURKEY (2015) M.MURAT ERDOĞAN HUGO SURVEY: PERSPECTIVES, EXPECTATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS OF THE TURKISH BUSINESS SECTOR ON SYRIANS IN TURKEY 2015 BOOK: TURKISH MIGRATION HISTORY: FROM 14TH CENTURY TO 21TH CENTURY HUGO & AREM CHILD FRIENDLY SPACES (MAY 2016) WORKSHOP: SYRIAN REFUGEE ACADEMICS IN TURKEY 28 JANUARY 2016 SURVEY: REFUGEE PROGRAMME AND POLICY OF ISTANBUL MUNICIPALITIES (39+1) 2016 (ON-GOING) MARMARA MUNICIPALITIES UNION SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TURKEY: SOCIAL ACEPTANCE AND INTEGRATION Trento on June 16th, 2016. DIRECTOR – HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY MIGRATION AND POLITICS RESERACH CENTER-HUGO SYRIANS – NON-SYRIANS SINCE 2011: 6 M WHICH KIND OF CRISES: REFUGEE OR HUMANITY REFUGEES IN THE WORLD REFUGEE OR HUMANITARIAN CRISES? MORE THAN 40-50 M REFUGEES IN THE WORLD under 0,5 % 5-6 M FROM SYRIANS 1,3-1,5 M IN EUROPE WAR IN SYRIA POPULATION IN SYRIA IN 2011: 21 M MORE THAN 250,000 KILLED MORE THAN 1 M INJURED MORE THAN 5 M SYRIANS LEFT THEIR COUNTRY 6-7 m IDP FORCED-MIGRATION/REFUGEES 3,2 M REFUGEES IN TURKEY BETW. 2011-2016 3,8-4 % OF 78 M POPULATION IN TURKEY REFUGEE POLICY BASED ON POLITICAL PREDICTIONS IN TURKEY: “THE ESAD REGIME WILL FALL IN A FEW WEEKS!” 24.08.2012 “OUR MAXIMUM LIMIT IS 100,000, WE CAN NOT ACCEPT MORE REFUGEES” 21.8.2012 POLICY TURKEY REFUGEE POLICY BASED ON TEMPORARINESS NO INTEGRATION STRATEGY FUNDAMENTALS OF REFUGEE POLICY IN TURKEY GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITATION: ONLY EUROPEAN CAN BE REFUGEE IN TURKEY! * OPEN DOOR POLICY • “UNDER TEMPORARY PROTECTION” • (“BECAUSE OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITATION TO THE 1951 GENEVA CONVENTION, TURKEY RECOGNISES REFUGEES ORIGINATING ONLY FROM EUROPE. TURKISH GOVERNMENT NOT CALLING THEM ‘REFUGEES’”) • KONGO / MADAGASKAR / MONACO /TURKEY & “TEMPORARINESS” REGULATIONS FOR REFUGEES IN TURKEY GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITATION TO THE 1951 GENEVA CONVENTION : ONLY EUROPEAN CAN BE REFUGEE IN TURKEY! REFUGEES FROM SYRIA WITHOUT ALMOST NO REGISTRATION IN FIRST 2 YEARS (2011-2016) QUELLE: DGMM NO REFUGEE POLICY IN TURKEY FIRST GROUP OF REFUGEES FROM SYRIA (252 PERSONS) 29 APRIL 2011 6.6.2016 SOURCE: DGMM UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES ANTÓNIO GUTERRES: 26 FEBRUARY 2015 WHERE THEY LIVE IN TURKEY? 264.169 (9%) IN CAMPS – 2.484.198 (91%) OUT OF CAMPS SOURCE: DGMM SYRIANS IN CAMPS 9% 264.169 SOURCE: AFAD-28.4.2016 HIGH-STANDARD REFUGEE CAMPS IN TURKEY INTERNATIONAL MEDIA URBAN REFUGEES SOURCE: DGMM TÜRKIYE’DE KAMPLAR DIŞINDA YAŞAYAN SURIYELILERIN ILLERE GÖRE DAĞILIMI 2,484,198 (% 91) + / 2,748,367 TOP TEN REFUGEE HOST CITIES IN TURKEY SOURCE: DGMM /28.4.2016 KILIS, A TOWN OF 90,000 PEOPLE WELCOMED 130,000 REFUGEES SYRIANS (REGISTERED) IN TURKEY DGMM/UNHCR - 6.6.2016 SYRIAN POPULATION IN TURKEY INCREASING EVERYDAY 125 SYRIAN CHILDREN ARE BORN IN TURKEY PER YEAR: 45,625 More than 200,000 babies were born in Turkey in the last 5 years CROSS BORDER MOVEMENTS CONTINUE AND MAY CONTINUE IN THE FUTURE THROUGH “FAMILY UNIFICATION” IN 2026 TURKEY WILL HAVE A MINIMUM OF 4-5 Million SYRIANS AND 500.000 NON-SYRIANS EDUCATION 9% IN TURKISH SCHOOLS * 30% IN TEMPORARY EDUCATION CENTRES * 61% NO EDUCATION THE NUMBER OF THE SCHOOL-AGE SYRIAN CHILDREN (5-17 YEARS OLD) IN TURKEY IS A MINIMUM OF 830.000- 920.000 ONLY 75.000 HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO ATTEND TURKISH STATE SCHOOLS: 9% 255,000 RECEIVE ARABIC EDUCATION IN TEMPORARY EDUCATION CENTERS (GEM) (85,000 in CAMPS AND 170,000+ out of CAMPS) TURKEY HAS TO INTEGRATE THESE CHILDREN INTO THE TURKISH EDUCATION SYSTEM IT MEANS MORE THAN 35,000 EXTRA TEACHERS AND 25,000 CLASSROOMS EDUCATION LEVELS 0-6 YEARS OLD: 20% LITARATE WITHOUT SCHOOL: 9.8% LITARATE WITH SCHOOL: 28.4% UNKNOWN: 26.1% ILLITERATE 14.8% ILLITERATE (ESTIMATE) 50% ONLY 50,000 OF 2.7 MILLION HAVE A UNIVERSITY DIPLOMA (BASED ON DECLARATION) COST: EVERY DAY: ONLY FOR 25 REFUGEE CAMPS: 5 M.€ MINIMUM OF 10-15 BILLION USD ONLY FOR HEALT SERVICES FOR SYRIANS IN TURKEY (2011-2016) HEALTH SERVICES USD 16 M./9.000 per day 670,000 OPERATIONS / 367 per day OVER 500,000 RECIPE in a MONTH / 16.500 per day (+ €10 M./MONTH) MULTI DIMENTIONAL SECURITY RISKS 1. TERRORISM 2. POTANTIAL ESADISTS ATTACTS 3. ORGANIZED CRIME ORGANIZATIONS 4. SOCIAL TENSION 5. ORDINARY CRIME «PROCESS MANAGEMENT« STRUCTURE IN TURKEY WORK PERMITS AND CHILD WORKERS HUGO SURVEY 2015 PROFESSIONS/SKILLS ONLY 3.6% OF SYRIAN REFUGEES HAVE A PROFESSION PROFESSIONS: 3.6 % HOUSWIVES: 5.9 % STUDENTS: 3.7 % UNEMPLOYED: 1.2 % UNKNOWN: 79.2 % WORKSHOP: SYRIAN REFUGEE ACADEMICS IN TURKEY 28 JANUARY 2016 SYRIAN (REFUGEE) PROFFESSORS IN TURKEY: 500-700 95 % ISLAM TEOLOGIEST YÖK / HEC WORK PERMIT 315 300 FOR ISLAM TEOLOGIES UNEMPLOYMENT IN TURKEY AS OF MARCH 2016: 10.8% UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN TURKEY IS VERY HIGH: 10.8 % MORE THAN 3 MILLION TURKISH CITIZENS WAITING FOR WORKPLACEMENT MINIMUM WAGE IN TURKEY: GROSS: 1.647 TL (514 €) NET: 1.300 TL (406 €) COST FOR EMPLOYER: 1.935 TL (604 €) WORK PERMITS FOR SYRIAN REFUGEES UNDER TEMPORARY PROTECTION 11TH JANUARY 2016 BETWEEN MARCH 2011 - MARCH 2016: WORK PERMITS GIVEN TO SYRIANS: 7,000 -10,000 SYRIANS WORK FOR THEIR LIVES IN CITIES AS CHEAPER WORKERS: UNREGISTERED / ILLEGAL MINIMUM OF 400,000 HOWEVER, THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A NEW WORK PERMIT REGULATION IN THE SHORT TERM IS NOT REALISTIC! SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE AND INTEGRATION SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF SYRIANS REFUGEES IN TURKEY IS EXTREMELY HIGH! WHY? • TURKEY AND TURKS ARE FAMILIAR WITH SUCH CRISES • TURKEY AND TURKS ARE NOT RICH ENOUGH! • TURKS WANT TO SEE THE PROBLEM AS TEMPORARY EVEN TODAY • PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS HAVE EXERTED A LOT OF EFFORT • 50% OF TURKS HAVE TRUST IN RECEP TAYYIP ERDOGAN • THE REST OF THE 50% HAS NO POLICY, NO EMPATHY • CONTROL IN MEDIA AND PUBLIC INFORMATION CHANNELS SHALL WE SEND THE SYRIANS BACK?% 30,6 YES 57,8 SYRİANS SHOULD BE SENT BACK TO THEİR COUNTRY EVEN THOUGH THE WAR İS ONGOİNG (%)NO Neither Agree Nor Strongly Strongly Agee Agree Disagree Disagree Disagree PROPOSITIONS % % % % % Syrians should be sent back to their country even though the war is ongoing 12.4 18.2 11.6 45.3 12.5 ARE WE SIMILAR TO THE SYRIANS? CITIZENSHIP? SYRIANS UNDER TEMPORARY PROTECTION ARE NOT IN OFFICIAL «REFUGEE» BUT THEY HAVE ALMOST ALL RIGHTS AS REFUGEES IN TURKEY PROTECTION HEALT WORK SERVICES EDUCATION BUSSINESS EU-TURKEY «DEAL» COMMON PROBLEM, DIFFERENT POLICIES TURKEY HAS NO MORE FRIENDS, EU HAS NO MORE HOPE! IT IS NOT A STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIP, IT IS A SHORT TERM DESICION IN PANIC! IT WILL NOT HELPFUL FOR REFUGEES, NOT HELPFUL FOR THE TURKIS-EU RELATIONSHIP! TURKISH-EU RELATIONS: EU'S PRIORITIES HAVE CHANGED PARADISE GERMANY! WE HAVE ENTERED A NEW ERA FOR THE MOTIVATION OF REFUGEES, IT IS NOT EASY TO STOP THEM! REFUGEES IN EUROPE 1.2-1.5 MILLION IN 2015 PER DAY: 10 PEOPLE DIED IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 2,740 REFUGEES CROSSED THE MEDITERRANEAN AND REACHED EUROPE IN 2016 PER DAY: 9 PEOPLE DIED! / 1808 REACHING EUROPE THE RISK OF DEATH OF THE REFUGEES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN THEY RECEIVE LESS THAN 1 PERCENT! AYLAN BABY AND HIS EFFECT THE EUROPEAN POLITICS IS «OPEN DOOR POLICY» A RESPONSIBILITY FOR ONLY NEIGHBORS COUNTRIES EU POLICY FOR REFUGEES BETW. APRIL 2011-2014: IT IS NOT OUR PROBLEM! TURKEY SHOULD IMPLAMENT «OPEN DOOR POLICY» IN HER EASTERN/SOUTH BORDERS BUT TURKEY SHOULD CLOSED WESTERN BORDERS! AFTER 2015 «WE CAN GIVE EUROS AND MAYBE VISA FREEDOOM FOR TURKS AND TURKEY MUST KEEP THEM IN TURKEY! TURKEY IS VICTIM OF UNIVERSAL OPEN DOOR POLICY! «SIMPLE MODEL» FOR «BIG DEAL» : BIG DEAL-SIMPLE MODEL! EU: GIVE MONEY (3-6 B €) EU: VISA LIBERALISATION EU: OPENING SOME CHAPTERS TURKEY: KEEP REFUGEES IN TURKEY! EU 1,5 M REFUGEES SINCE 2011 0,20 % OF EU POPULATION TURKEY 3,2 M REFUGEES SINCE 2011 4 % OF TURKEY POPULATION (78 M) SYRIANS NON-SYRIANS 1=1 MODEL / 72.000 A YEAR TURKEY SEND FOR EACH 1 TURKEY MUST HAVE ALL! SYRIANS WHO ARE HAPPY AFTER THE AGREEMENT!? EUROPEANS? TURKS? REFUGEES? WHICH WAS IMPORTANT FOR NEW SITUATION (STOPP THE REFUGEE FLEW)? AGREMENT OR RUSSIA? REFUGEES IN THE REGION AND EU DON’T FORGET: 1.6 M REFUGEES ARE ONLY 0.30 % OF THE EU POPULATION 3 MILLION REFUGEE 3-6 BILLIONS EURO HTTP://WWW.WELT.DE/WİRTSCHAFT/ARTİCLE143970581/SO-TEUER-WİRD-DER- GRİECHENLAND-DEAL-FUER-DEUTSCHLAND.HTML TURKEY IS A PART OF EUROPE LACK OF THE STRATEGIC VISION FOR TURKISH-EU RELATIONSHIP LACK OF THE SOLIDARITY BTW. EU-TURKEY IN EU A LACK OF THE STRATEGIC DECISIONS IN TURKEY AND THE EU WHAT SHALL WE DO? FOR SUCCESSFUL INTEGRATION POLICIES, WE HAVE TO: WE NEED A NEW MENTALITY/PARADIGM SHIFT IN REFUGEE POLICY: REFUGEES WILL COME TO TURKEY AND THE EU MUCH MORE IN NUMBERS THAN BEFORE 28+1 DIALOGUE A COMMON REFUGEE, MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION POLICY WITH THE EU COMMON SECURITY POLICY COMMEN REGISTRATION NEW REGULATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS INTEGRATION POLICY INTEGRATION POLICY NOW! FOR INTEGRATION POLICIES, WE HAVE TO: ACCEPT THE REALITY: THEY WILL STAY FOREVER! BETTER REGISTRATION NEW REGULATIONS AND INSTITUTIONS TURKISH EDUCATION SKILL MAPPING-SKILL COURSES IMPLAMENTATION TO WORK PERMIT A COMMON REFUGGEE, MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION POLICY WITH EU LOCAL INTEGRATION COMMON SECURITY POLICY SURVEY- EVIDENT BASE POLICIES SYRIAN REFUGEES IN TURKEY: SOCIAL ACEPTANCE AND INTEGRATION Trento on June 16th, 2016.
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