DOCSLIB.ORG

Lima Megacities Technical Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lima Megacities Technical Report IEc Assessing the Mortality Burden of Air Pollution in Lima-Callao Final Report | May 14, 2021 prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency prepared by: Industrial Economics, Incorporated 2067 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02140 617/354-00074 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CHAPTER 1 | INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1-1 1.2 Analytic Overview 1-2 1.2.1 Research Objectives 1-2 1.2.2 Analytic Steps 1-3 1.3 Report Organization 1-3 CHAPTER 2 | SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 3 | EMISSIONS ESTIMATION 3.1 Baseline Emissions Inventory 3-1 3.2 Accounting for Non-Compliance 3-3 3.3 Emissions Modeling Results 3-4 CHAPTER 4 | AIR QUALITY DATA AND MODELING 4.1 Air Quality Surfaces 4-1 4.1.1 Monitor Surfaces 4-1 4.1.2 Satellite Surfaces 4-3 4.1.3 Summary of Air Quality Surfaces 4-3 4.2 Air Quality Modeling 4-5 CHAPTER 5 | MORTALITY BURDEN ESTIMATION AND VALUATION 5.1 Overview of Approach 5-1 5.2 Data Inputs 5-2 5.2.1 Population 5-2 5.2.2 Baseline Mortality Incidence 5-2 5.2.3 Health Impacts Functions 5-2 5.2.4 Valuation 5-4 CHAPTER 6 | RESULTS 6.1 Total PM2.5 Attributable Mortality Burden 6-1 6.2 Transport Attributable PM2.5 Mortality Burden 6-2 6.3 PM2.5 Mortality Burden from Non-Compliant Vehicles 6-3 i CHAPTER 7 | SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 7.1 Summary of Findings 7-1 7.2 Uncertainties 7-2 7.3 Next Steps 7-3 REFERENCES APPENDICES Appendix A | Supplemental Emissions Estimation Results Appendix B | Satellite Measurements and Processing Appendix C | Health Impact Estimation Appendix D | District-Level Results ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by Industrial Economics, Incorporated (IEc) for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS), under USEPA contract EP-D-14-032 as part of EPA’s Megacities Partnership program in Lima, Peru. Consistent with the Megacities Partnership approach to air quality management, this project was a collaborative effort between USEPA, IEc, and local partners at the Peruvian Ministry of Environment (MINAM). In particular, IEc acknowledges critical support from Luis Antonio Ibañez Guerrero, Katyuska Barja Paredes, and Guisselle Castillo Coila of MINAM, who provided key data sets, valuable local institutional knowledge, and helpful advice. We also thank USEPA staff including the Lima Megacities Project Manager Paul Almodóvar as well as a Richard Baldauf, Ali Kamal, and Ken Davidson for their input on the analysis and helpful feedback on earlier drafts of this report. iii CHAPTER 1 | INTRODUCTION The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Ministry of the Environment of Peru (MINAM) are collaborating under the USEPA Megacities Partnership to: • Strengthen air quality management in the Lima-Callao region through policy development, community outreach, and stakeholder engagement; • Support air quality monitoring initiatives; and • Build technical capacity in Lima-Callao for scientific and economic analyses and communication planning in support of air quality management plan (AQMP) development. This report presents results from assessments of the current overall mortality burden attributable to concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the region. In addition to estimating total PM2.5-attributable health burden with respect to premature deaths, we employ emissions inventories and reduced-form air quality modeling techniques to analyze the burden attributable to concentrations of PM2.5 associated with emissions from on-road motor vehicles. We further evaluate the burden of a subset of these vehicles—those out of compliance with currently established emissions limits—and highlight the potential benefits associated with increased enforcement and expanded vehicle inspections and maintenance (I&M) programs. 1.1 BACKGROUND The Lima-Callao metropolitan region is home to approximately 10 million people, nearly one-third of Peru’s total population. This large and growing population is exposed to significant air pollutant concentrations due to emissions from sources such as motor vehicles. These exposures can be exacerbated by Lima-Callao’s meteorological conditions, primarily the Humboldt ocean current and the Andes Mountains to the east. The Humboldt ocean current carries cold water north from the tip of South America, which lowers atmospheric temperatures and prevents the formation of rain clouds (Thiel et al. 2007). The Humboldt ocean current is also responsible for persistent fog in Lima- Callao. The fog, combined with the obstruction of warmer and more humid air masses from the Amazon, by the Andes, results in frequent air inversions in Lima-Callao. These air inversions trap ambient pollutants at the surface level, causing pollutants to accumulate rather than disperse via coastal winds. As a result, Lima-Callao is ranked among the most polluted cities in Latin America by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2016). 1-1 Transportation sources are responsible for much of the region’s air pollution. Despite comprising one-third of the country’s population, Lima-Callao is home to roughly two- thirds of Peru’s vehicle fleet. In addition to the size of the vehicle fleet, its age plays a significant role in resulting air pollution (MINAM, 2018). According to surveys of registered vehicles from 2016-2019, approximately 34 percent of the on-road vehicles in Lima-Callao are greater than 15 years old. These older vehicles tend to have poor fuel economy and lack the emissions controls required of new vehicles. Based on emissions tests, MINAM partners note that many vehicles are non-compliant with national emissions standards; however, empirical estimates of non-compliance rates are currently limited. To address emissions from the transportation sector, the Government of Peru has passed several laws and regulations concerning emissions standards and vehicle inspection requirements. For example, in 2008, Peru established the National System of Technical Vehicle Inspection, which is responsible for inspecting and testing vehicles for safety and compliance with emissions standards. More recently, Peru adopted the Euro 4 vehicle emissions standards for all new vehicles and is considering implementing Euro 6 standards. Because of the slow rate of turnover in the vehicle fleet—as shown by the prevalence of old vehicles in circulation—additional measures may be needed to address the sector’s emissions. In this report, we provide insight into the potential magnitude of these on-road vehicle emissions and associated adverse health outcomes. 1.2 ANALYTIC OVERVIEW In this section, we summarize our analytic approach to estimating the mortality burden associated with PM2.5 concentrations in Lima-Callao. We first define our research objectives and then outline the analytic steps we follow in the remainder of the report. 1.2.1 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES In close consultation with MINAM and USEPA, we developed three research objectives addressed in this report. First, we aim to quantify and value the premature deaths associated with overall ambient PM2.5 concentrations in Lima-Callao. Second, we aim to quantify and value the premature deaths associated with emissions from Lima-Callao’s on-road vehicles, to better understand how vehicles contribute to the overall burden of premature deaths. Third, we aim to quantify and value the premature deaths associated with emissions from non-compliant vehicles in the Lima-Callao on-road vehicle fleet, to help MINAM understand the potential health gains from focusing on the non-compliance issue. For each research objective, we consider annual impacts using data that best characterize recent conditions for air quality, population, baseline health, and other relevant data. In Chapter 7, we highlight additional areas of future research that could complement this report. We hope that the analytical framework IEc applied in this analysis will serve as a useful guide for addressing these research topics, including estimating the benefits of specific transportation emissions control measures. 1-2 1.2.2 ANALYTIC STEPS Our methodology is comprised of five key steps: • Step 1: Scenario development. Define the research objectives and the spatial and temporal scale of our analyses. Specify conditions under a “business-as-usual” or “baseline” scenario and under a “regulatory” scenario in which the proposed regulation is implemented. Based on these scenario definitions, develop baseline and regulatory air quality surfaces. • Step 2: Emissions estimation. Develop or obtain emissions inventories for the transportation sector. Develop estimate of the fraction of non-compliant vehicles. Estimate the excess emissions associated with non-compliant vehicles in the Lima-Callao fleet. (Note: this step is not needed for assessing the total PM2.5- attributable mortality burden.) • Step 3: Air quality modeling. Obtain and process air quality data, such as satellite-based estimates and data from air quality monitors to characterize baseline conditions in Lima-Callao. Use air quality modeling methods to estimate the impact of vehicle emissions on ambient PM2.5 concentrations. • Step 4: Health impact estimation. Quantify premature deaths associated with PM2.5 concentrations using BenMAP-CE and relevant datasets, including population, air quality, baseline mortality incidence, and concentration-response relationships from the epidemiological literature. • Step 5: Valuation. Apply economic valuation estimates to quantified mortality values to characterize the PM2.5-attributable mortality burden in monetary terms. These steps are described in greater
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PLAN DE ACCIÓN Distrital DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA 2020
    PLAN DE ACCIÓN distrital DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA 2020 PLAN DE ACCIÓN DISTRITAL DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA DE LURIGANCHO 2020 COMITÉ DISTRITAL DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA DE LURIGANCHO 1 ÍNDICE PRESENTACIÓN CAPITULO I DIAGNÓSTICO 1. DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 2. MARCO CONCEPTUAL Y NORMATIVO 3. ENFOQUES PARA ABORDAR EL PROBLEMA QUE AFECTA LA SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA 3.1. ENFOQUE TRANSVERSAL DE SALUD PÚBLICA 3.2. ENFOQUE TRANSVERSAL DE FOCALIZACIÓN TERRITORIAL Y DE FENÓMENOS 3.3. ENFOQUE TRANSVERSAL DE ARTICULACIÓN INTERINSTITUCIONAL 3.4. ENFOQUE TRANSVERSAL DE PRESUPUESTO, SEGUIMIENTO Y EVALUACIÓN 3.5. ENFOQUE DE GENERO 3.6. ENFOQUE DE GESTION POR RESULTADO 3.7. ENFOQUE DE INTERCULTURALIDAD 4. SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DE LA SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA 4.1. INFORMACIÓN SOCIODEMOGRÁFICA 4.1.1. POBLACIÓN 4.1.2. EMPLEO 4.1.3. ECONOMÍA 4.1.4. EDUCACIÓN 4.1.5. SALUD 4.2 SITUACIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA EN EL DISTRITO 4.2.1 INDICADOR DE VICTIMIZACIÓN 4.2.2 INDICADOR DE VICTIMIZACIÓN CON ARMA DE FUEGO 4.2.3 NDICADOR DE PERCEPCIÓN DE INSEGURIDAD 4.2.4 VICTIMA DE ALGÚN HECHO DELICTIVO, QUE REALIZÓ LA DENUNCIA POR DELITOS 4.3 POBLACIÓN PENITENCIARIA 4.3.1 POBLACIÓN PENITENCIARIA SEGÚN TIPO DE DELITO 4.3.2 DELITO DE MAYOR INCIDENCIA EN EL DISTRITO PLAN DE ACCIÓN DISTRITAL DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA DE LURIGANCHO 2020 COMITÉ DISTRITAL DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA DE LURIGANCHO 2 4.3.3 TASA DE DENUNCIA POR COMISIÓN DE DELITOS CONTRA EL PATRIMONIO 4.3.4 TASA DE DENUNCIA POR COMISIÓN DE DELITOS CONTRA LA VIDA EL CUERPO Y LA SALUD 4.3.5 TASA DE DENUNCIA POR COMISIÓN DE DELITOS CONTRA LA LIBERTAD 4.4 CENTRAL DE CÁMARAS DE VIDEO VIGILANCIA 4.5 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LUGARES O ZONAS DEL DISTRITO CON MAYOR INCIDENCIA DELICTIVA 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Relación De Agencias Que Atenderán De Lunes a Viernes De 8:30 A. M. a 5:30 P
    Relación de Agencias que atenderán de lunes a viernes de 8:30 a. m. a 5:30 p. m. y sábados de 9 a. m. a 1 p. m. (con excepción de la Ag. Desaguadero, que no atiende sábados) DPTO. PROVINCIA DISTRITO NOMBRE DIRECCIÓN Avenida Luzuriaga N° 669 - 673 Mz. A Conjunto Comercial Ancash Huaraz Huaraz Huaraz Lote 09 Ancash Santa Chimbote Chimbote Avenida José Gálvez N° 245-250 Arequipa Arequipa Arequipa Arequipa Calle Nicolás de Piérola N°110 -112 Arequipa Arequipa Arequipa Rivero Calle Rivero N° 107 Arequipa Arequipa Cayma Periférica Arequipa Avenida Cayma N° 618 Arequipa Arequipa José Luis Bustamante y Rivero Bustamante y Rivero Avenida Daniel Alcides Carrión N° 217A-217B Arequipa Arequipa Miraflores Miraflores Avenida Mariscal Castilla N° 618 Arequipa Camaná Camaná Camaná Jirón 28 de Julio N° 167 (Boulevard) Ayacucho Huamanga Ayacucho Ayacucho Jirón 28 de Julio N° 167 Cajamarca Cajamarca Cajamarca Cajamarca Jirón Pisagua N° 552 Cusco Cusco Cusco Cusco Esquina Avenida El Sol con Almagro s/n Cusco Cusco Wanchaq Wanchaq Avenida Tomasa Ttito Condemaita 1207 Huancavelica Huancavelica Huancavelica Huancavelica Jirón Francisco de Angulo 286 Huánuco Huánuco Huánuco Huánuco Jirón 28 de Julio N° 1061 Huánuco Leoncio Prado Rupa Rupa Tingo María Avenida Antonio Raymondi N° 179 Ica Chincha Chincha Alta Chincha Jirón Mariscal Sucre N° 141 Ica Ica Ica Ica Avenida Graú N° 161 Ica Pisco Pisco Pisco Calle San Francisco N° 155-161-167 Junín Huancayo Chilca Chilca Avenida 9 De Diciembre N° 590 Junín Huancayo El Tambo Huancayo Jirón Santiago Norero N° 462 Junín Huancayo Huancayo Periférica Huancayo Calle Real N° 517 La Libertad Trujillo Trujillo Trujillo Avenida Diego de Almagro N° 297 La Libertad Trujillo Trujillo Periférica Trujillo Avenida Manuel Vera Enríquez N° 476-480 Avenida Victor Larco Herrera N° 1243 Urbanización La La Libertad Trujillo Victor Larco Herrera Victor Larco Merced Lambayeque Chiclayo Chiclayo Chiclayo Esquina Elías Aguirre con L.
    [Show full text]
  • Lima-Callao, Peru Titulo Iturreguí, Patricia - Autor/A; Berrospi, Karinna - Autor/A; Ludena, Carlos E
    The economics of low carbon, climate resilient cities : Lima-Callao, Peru Titulo Iturreguí, Patricia - Autor/a; Berrospi, Karinna - Autor/a; Ludena, Carlos E. - Autor/a; Autor(es) Fernandez-Baca, Jaime - Autor/a; Gouldson, Andy - Autor/a; McAnulla, Faye - Autor/a; Sakai, Paola - Autor/a; Sudmant, Andrew - Autor/a; Castro, Sofía - Autor/a; Ramos, Cayo - Autor/a; Lugar Inter-American Development Bank Editorial/Editor British Embassy in Lima 2014 Fecha Colección Inversiones; Adaptación; Migración; Cambio climático; Ciudades; Lima; Perú; Temas Doc. de trabajo / Informes Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/Peru/inte-pucp/20170327034423/pdf_692.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.edu.ar The Economics of Low Carbon, Climate Resilient Cities Lima-Callao, Peru Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy The Economics of Low Carbon, Climate Resilient Cities Lima-Callao, Peru Today 8% of city-scale GDP leaves the local economy every year through payment of the energy, water and waste bill. This is forecast to grow significantly by 2030. my no co 8% of e e al sc GDP leaks y- it c out of the economy Tomorrow Investing 0.8% of GDP p.a. Leads to... Energy 0.8% of GDP could be profitably reductions in the energy bill equalling 1.6% of GDP invested, every year for ten years, Financial viability to exploit commercially attractive just under 2.5 years for cost effective measures to pay for themselves and just under 4.5 years energy efficiency and low carbon for cost neutral measures to pay for themselves opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Peru: Floods and Landslides
    Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Peru: Floods and Landslides DREF Operation: Peru: Floods and Landslides MDRPE008 Glide No. FL-2015-000011-PER Date issued: 07 April 2015 Date of disaster: 23 March 2015 Operation manager (responsible for this EPoA): Pabel Angeles Point of Contact: Jorge Menendez Martínez Executive Director Operation start date: 25 March 2015 Expected timeframe: 3 months Overall operation budget: 78,413 Swiss francs Number of people affected: 3,180 people (including victims and Number of people to be assisted: 1,000 affected people in Chosica and Santa Eulalia) people, approximately 200 families Host National Society presence (no. of volunteers, staff, branches): 1 Headquarters, 38 branches, 2,000 volunteers. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: Since the onset of the event, the National Society coordinated with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) office in Lima (disaster management delegate for South America). The National Societies present in the country are the American Red Cross, German Red Cross and Spanish Red Cross, who have offered their support if required. American Red Cross staff, together with the Peruvian Red Cross team, deployed to the affected area to conduct the initial assessments; a cash distribution proposal has been drawn up for the affected area as bilateral support to the Peruvian Red Cross. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: Governmental Organizations: Armed and Police Forces, Lima Metropolitan Municipality, ESSALUD INDECI (National Civil Defense Institute), MINEDU (Ministry of Education), Ministry of Health (MINSA), Ministry of Housing, Ministry of Labour Ministry of Transportation and Telecommunications (MTC).
    [Show full text]
  • YOUNG TOWN" GROWING up Four Decades Later: Self-Help Housing and Upgrading Lessons from a Squatter Neighborhood in Lima by SUSANA M
    "YOUNG TOWN" GROWING UP Four decades later: self-help housing and upgrading lessons from a squatter neighborhood in Lima by SUSANA M. WILLIAMS Bachelor of Architecture University of Kansas, 2000 Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning and the Department of Architecture in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of MASTER IN CITY PLANNING MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE and OFTECHNOLOGY MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE STUDIES atthe JUN 2 8 2005 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 2005 LIBRARIES @ 2005 Susana M. Williams. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of A uthor: ........................................ .................. Department ohrban Studies and Planning May19,2005 Certified by . ...... y . r..Ar .-. ... ..-......-.. ..................... ..................... Reinhard K Goethert Principal Research Associate in Architecture Thesis Supervisor AA Certified by.. ........ 3 .. #.......................... Anna Hardman Professor of Economics, Tufts University Thesis Supervisor Accepted by............... ... ..................................................................... Dennis Frenchman Professor of the Practice of Urban Design Chairman, Master in City Planning Program Accepted by.... .. .. .. .Ju.. .. ..*Julian*Beinart Professor of Architecture Chairman, Master of Science in Architecture Studies Program .ARCHIVEr' "YOUNG TOWN" GROWING UP Four
    [Show full text]
  • Publicacion Oficial
    El Peruano Jueves 25 de junio de 2015 555871 Dado en Ayacucho, en la sede del Gobierno Regional - Que, el numeral 36.1) del artículo 36º de la Ley Nº de Ayacucho, a los 30 días del mes de diciembre del año 27444, Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General dos mil catorce. dispone que los procedimientos, requisitos y costos administrativos se establecen, exclusivamente, en el WILFREDO OSCORIMA NÚÑEZ caso de gobiernos locales, a través de la expedición de Presidente la Ordenanza Municipal correspondiente, los mismos que Gobierno Regional Ayacucho deben ser comprendidos y sistematizados en el Texto Único de Procedimientos Administrativos (TUPA). 1254463-1 - Que, el numeral 36.3 del artículo 36º de la precitada Ley del Procedimiento Administrativo General determina que: “Las disposiciones concernientes a la eliminación de procedimientos o requisitos o a la simpliicación de los mismos, GOBIERNOS LOCALES podrán aprobarse por Resolución Ministerial, Norma Regional de rango equivalente o Decreto de Alcaldía, según se trate de entidades dependientes del Gobierno Central, Gobiernos MUNICIPALIDAD DE Regionales o Locales, respectivamente”. - Que, el numeral 38.5) del artículo 38º de la Ley Nº CIENEGUILLA 27444 señala que: “Una vez aprobado el TUPA, toda modiicación que no implique la creación de nuevos procedimientos, incremento de derechos de tramitación o Aprueban la adecuación y modificación requisitos, se debe realizar por Resolución Ministerial del Sector, Norma Regional de rango equivalente o Decreto del TUPA de la Municipalidad de Alcaldía, o por Resolución del Titular del Organismo Autónomo conforme a la Constitución, según el nivel de DECRETO DE ALCALDÍA gobierno respectivo”; Nº 007-2015-A-MDC Que, con Informe Nº 97-2015-GAJ-MDC, de fecha 10 Cieneguilla, 15 de Junio de 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Association Between Maternal Exposure to Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Lima, Peru
    Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology (2020) 30:689–697 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-020-0223-5 ARTICLE Association between maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Lima, Peru 1,2 1,2 3 3 3 1,2 V. L. Tapia ● B. V. Vasquez ● B. Vu ● Y. Liu ● K. Steenland ● G. F. Gonzales Received: 14 October 2019 / Revised: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 April 2020 / Published online: 30 April 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract The literature shows associations between maternal exposures to PM2.5 and adverse pregnancy outcomes. There are few data from Latin America. We have examined PM2.5 and pregnancy outcomes in Lima. The study included 123,034 births from 2012 to 2016, at three public hospitals. We used estimated daily PM2.5 from a newly created model developed using ground measurements, satellite data, and a chemical transport model. Exposure was assigned based on district of residence (n = 39). Linear and logistic regression analyzes were used to estimate the associations between air pollution exposure and pregnancy outcomes. Increased exposure to PM2.5 during the entire pregnancy and in the first trimester was inversely associated with birth weight. We found a decrease of 8.13 g (−14.0; −1.84) overall and 18.6 g (−24.4, −12.8) in the first trimester, for an 3 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: interquartile range (IQR) increase (9.2 µg/m )inPM2.5.PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with low birth weight at term (TLBW) during entire pregnancy (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.20), and at the first (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.20), second (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01–1.17), and third trimester (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.18) per IQR (9.2 µg/m3) increase.
    [Show full text]
  • Addressing Social and Infrastructural Deficiencies in Villa Salvador-- Part 1
    Syracuse University SURFACE School of Architecture Dissertations and Architecture Senior Theses Theses Spring 2014 Ciudad Disidente: Addressing social and infrastructural deficiencies in villa salvador-- Part 1 Victoria Brewster Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses Part of the Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Brewster, Victoria, "Ciudad Disidente: Addressing social and infrastructural deficiencies in villa salvador-- Part 1" (2014). Architecture Senior Theses. 277. https://surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses/277 This Thesis, Senior is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Architecture Dissertations and Theses at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Architecture Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CIUDAD DISIDENTE ADDRESSING SOCIAL AND INFRASTRUCTURAL DEFICIENCIES IN VILLA EL SALVADOR TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTION I. URGENCY II. CASE STUDIES III. LIMA, PERU IV. VILLA EL SALVADOR V. WORKS CITED VICTORIA BREWSTER DANIEL KALINOWSKI DECEMBER 9, 2013 ARC 505 - THESIS RESEARCH STUDIO PRIMARY ADVISOR: SAROSH ANKLESARIA SECONDARY ADVISORS: SUSAN HENDERSON, JULIE LARSEN CONTENTION Ciudad Disidente Within the next twenty years, Providing increased agency the Global South will account through community par- for 95% of urban growth, ticipation in the design and and nearly half of that will be construction processes will within the informal sector.1 encourage residents to be The population living within INVESTED in their neighbor- slums is expected to increase hood’s future. They will be to two billion people by 2030, more likely to focus on the and if left unchecked, it may maintenance and develop- reach three billion by 2050.2 ment of their homes, busi- This extreme growth requires nesses, and public spaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Acción Distrital De Seguridad Ciudadana-Chaclacayo 2020
    PLAN DE ACCIÓN DISTRITAL DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA-CHACLACAYO 2020 PLAN LOCAL DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA DE CHACLACAYO 2020 CONTENIDO 1. CAPÍTULO I: DIAGNÓSTICO ............................................................................................ 4 1.1. EL PROBLEMA DE LA SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA. .................................................. 4 1.2. MARCO CONCEPTUAL Y NORMATIVO. ................................................................... 5 1.2.1. Seguridad ciudadana. ........................................................................................... 5 1.2.2. Prevención del delito ............................................................................................. 6 1.2.3. Factores de riesgo ................................................................................................ 7 1.2.4. Delito .................................................................................................................... 9 1.2.5. Base legal ............................................................................................................. 9 1.3. ENFOQUES PARA ABORDAR LA PROBLEMÁTICA QUE AFECTA LA SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA. .................................................................................................11 1.3.1. Enfoque transversal de salud pública ..................................................................11 1.3.2. Enfoque transversal de focalización. ....................................................................11 1.3.3. Enfoque transversal de articulación interinstitucional ...........................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Cálidda, a Company of Grupo Energía De Bogotá, Celebrates 12 Years of Being the First Company in Carrying Natural Gas to Peru
    Cálidda, a company of Grupo Energía de Bogotá, celebrates 12 years of being the first company in carrying natural gas to Peru • Over the last years, Cálidda has made an investment of US$497 million in Peru. • For 2021, Cálidda expects to count with 1.038.042 connections and benefit over 5 million people in Lima and El Callao. • The use of natural gas has allowed for achieving a reduction of 90-97% in the generation of carbon monoxide as compared to other fuels. Bogotá, November 28, 2016. Cálidda, a company of Grupo Energía de Bogotá, celebrated its 12th anniversary working for the benefit of over 2 million people in the department of Lima and the province of El Callao, Peru, thanks to the distribution of natural gas. The celebration of this anniversary took place in the residence of the Embassy of Colombia in Peru, where Madam Ambassador María Elvira Pombo Holguín highlighted the important links existing between Colombia and Peru; and the role performed by Grupo Energía de Bogotá as a leading company in Latin America. On his side, the General Manager of Cálidda, Jorge Olazabal, stated that using natural gas, is cheaper than other fuels, and that in Peru natural gas has allowed for savings in the amount of US$22 billion in the period 2007-2015; which has helped the country to invest 1.58% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in other segments, thanks to the savings generated by the used of natural gas. Nowadays, Cálidda offers a low-emission, cheap, practical and safe fuel both for domestic and commercial and industrial users in 19 districts of Lima.
    [Show full text]
  • Measurement of Radon in Soils of Lima City - Peru During the Period 2016-2017
    EARTH SCIENCES RESEARCH JOURNAL Earth Sci. Res. J. Vol. 23, No. 3 (September, 2019): 171-183 ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY ENVIRONMENTAL Measurement of radon in soils of Lima City - Peru during the period 2016-2017 Lázaro Luís Vilcapoma1, María Elena López Herrera1, Patrizia Pereyra1, Daniel Francisco Palacios1, Bertin Pérez1, Jhonny Rojas1, Laszlo Sajo-Bohus2 1Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru 2Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Keywords: soil gas radon; emanation; Lima; LR- Lima City is situated on alluvial fan deposits of rivers flowing through geological formations that contain different 115 detector; Niño Costero; river floods; alluvial levels of uranium. In this paper, a study is made on the average spatial and temporal behavior of radon gas in soils of deposits; igneous rocks. Lima City. Radon concentration was determined using the LR-115 type 2 track detector during 36 periods, of 14 days each, in twenty holes distributed in the fifteen districts of Lima City. Radon concentration in soil pores ranged from 0.1 to 64.3 kBq/m3 with an average value of 5.6 kBq/m3. The average radon concentration in soil gas was about two times lower in winter than in the other seasons. High radon values during October/November 2017 were related to the earthquakes perceived in Lima City in that period. The highest radon concentrations were found in areas of alluvial deposits whose parental material has been removed from the Quilmaná and Huarangal volcanics by the Chillón and Huaycoloro Rivers. Soil gas radon concentrations were even higher in areas closer to volcanic and less distant from rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Listado De Colegios Con Vacantes 2020
    1616 DEDE MARZOMARZO LISTALISTA DEDE COLEGIOSCOLEGIOS PÚBLICOSPÚBLICOS CONCON VACANTESVACANTES DISTRITO NOMBRE DE LA INSTITUCION EDUCATIVA NIVEL UGEL DIRECCIÓN ANCON 898 Inicial UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA LOS DURAZNOS S/N ANCON 2062 ANDRES AVELINO CACERES Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS JIRON LOA 825 ANCON 2066 ALMIRANTE MIGUEL GRAU Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA LOS EUCALIPTOS S/N ANCON 2066 ALMIRANTE MIGUEL GRAU Secundaria UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA LOS EUCALIPTOS S/N ANCON 2066 ALMIRANTE MIGUEL GRAU Inicial - Jardín UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA LOS EUCALIPTOS S/N ANCON 3069 GENERALISIMO JOSE DE SAN MARTIN Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA JULIO C TELLO 1RA CUADRA S/N ANCON 3098 CESAR VALLEJO Secundaria UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA B S/N ANCON 5175 MANUEL AREVALO CACERES Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE 34 S/N MZ B LOTE 8 ANCON 5183 CARLOS MANUEL COX Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS CARRETERA PANAMERICANA S/N ANCON 594 JESUS AMIGO Inicial UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE 33 S/N MZ B8 LOTE 2 ANCON 596 Oasis Inicial UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA LAS COLINAS PARQ 4 S/N ANCON 614 AMIGUITOS DEL SABER Inicial - Jardín UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA E Y CALLE 78 S/N ANCON 8193 Secundaria UGEL 04 COMAS AVENIDA LOS DURAZNOS S/N ANCON CARLOS GUTIERREZ MERINO Secundaria UGEL 04 COMAS JIRON LOA 875 ANCON COLONIA DE ANCON 01 NIÑAS Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS PLAYA LAS CONCHITAS S/N ANCON COLONIA DE ANCON 02 NIÑOS Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS PLAYA LAS CONCHITAS S/N ANCON DIVINO NIÑO DEL MILAGRO Inicial UGEL 04 COMAS MZ I LOTE 11 ANCON NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA PAZ Inicial - Jardín UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE AMAZONAS S/N ANCON NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA PAZ Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE AMAZONAS S/N ANCON NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA PAZ Secundaria UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE AMAZONAS S/N ANCON SAGRADA FAMILIA APOVA Primaria UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE ICA S/N ANCON SAGRADA FAMILIA APOVA Secundaria UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE ICA S/N ANCON SAN MARTIN I Inicial - Jardín UGEL 04 COMAS CALLE 4 MZ J ATE 180 Inicial - Jardin UGEL 06 ATE AVENIDA PRINCIPAL MZ C LOTE 11 ZONA IV ATE 1213 Primaria UGEL 06 ATE PARQUE CENTRAL KM.
    [Show full text]