Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01511-1 — Early Modern Britain, 1450–1750 John Miller Index More Information

Index

(S) indicates Scotland, (I) indicates Ireland

Accounts, Commons Committee Arms, Right to bear. 338 Borderlands, see Frontiers of, 339 Army, English/British, 301, 306, Borrowing, Government, 244, 313, Addresses, Loyal, 427 310–312, 314, 315, 326, 338, 340 (see also Credit) Act Rescissory, 1661 (S) 352, 356, 393 343, 345, 363, 437, 438 (see Boyne, Battle of, 370 Advowsons, 107, 136 (see also Lay also Armies; Mutiny Acts; Breach with Rome, 98–101 Patronage (S)) New Model Army) Breda, Declaration of, 1660, 324 Agitators, 232 Role in civic celebrations, 432 Brehons, Brehon law (I), 11, 19, 185 Agriculture (see also Enclosures; Commissions in, 317, 438 Bridewell, see House of correction Rural violence) Hostility to, 437 Broghill, Roger Boyle, Baron, 251 Highlands and lowlands, 31–36 Maintaining order, 301, 432, 438 Buchanan, George, 173 Ireland, 32 Army plots, 1641, 217 Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Landlords, tenants and labourers, Articles, Lords of the (S), 175, 211, Duke of, 195, 197, 198, 199 38, 40–42, 59, 147–148, 152, 352, 356 Burghs (S), see Towns 171, 282 Articles of War, 312 (see also Martial Productivity, 36–37, 145 law; Mutiny Acts) Cabinet, 343–344 Scotland, 32, 41–42, 171, 286, 358 Artillery Companies, 432 Cade’s rebellion, xxvi, xxviii, 28, 49, Alchemy, 441 Assessment, 228, 306 65, 153, 218, 412 Altars, 204, 212 Associations, 119, 120, 426 Calicoes, 274, 279 Alum, 284 Atrocities, see Massacres Calvin, Jean, Calvinism, 94–95, 113, Amerinidians, 261–264, 271 Atrocity, Policy of, 180 128, 130, 393 Anabaptists, 94, 384 (see also Attainder, Acts of, 69, 187, 212, 370 Cameronians (S), 353, 394, 395 Baptists) Ayscough, William, Bishop of Canada, see New France Anglicans, 121, 126, 204, 389 (see also Salisbury, xxv, xxviii, 65 Canal and turnpike trusts, 318 Church of England) Candles in windows, 430 Anglo-Dutch wars, 329 Backbenchers, 345 Carlisle, James Hay, Earl of, 195, 268 Anne, Queen, 341 Bank of England, 308, 313, 414 (see Castle Chamber (I), 205 Anti-popery, 417, 418, 429 also Banks and bankers) Catherine of Aragon, 75 Pope burnings, 429, 430 Banks and bankers, 308 (see also Catholics, English, 123, 124–125, Riots, 337 Bank of England) 333 Antrim, Macdonnell Earls of, 188, Baptists, 384, 390 (see also Anabaptists) Catholics, Irish, 138, 247, 265, 351, 247 Barbados, 269 367, 371, 372, 438 (see also Appeals, Act in restraint of, 1533, 100 Bards, see Poets Old English, Confederate Argyll, Campbell Earls of, 23, 178, 249 Bastard feudalism, 26–28, 150 Catholics) Argyll, Archibald Campbell, Earl of Bengal, 275 Catholics, Scottish, 135 Islay and 3rd Duke of, 365 Bill of Rights, 1689, 337–338 (see also Cavalier House of Commons, Argyll, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of, Declaration of Rights) 1661–79, 324, 325, 389 298, 365 Bishops, Episcopacy, 228 Celtic societies, 3–10, 18–19 (see also Armies (see also Army, British; Ireland, 388, 396 Clans) Mutiny Acts; New Model Scotland, 131, 134, 175, 352, 394 (see Chantries, 57, 114 Army) also Episcopalians) Charles I, 198 In Ireland, 180, 182, 207, 225, Black Act, 1723, 283 And Parliament, 198–199, 200 244–246, 315, 368, 369, 408 Black Death, 38, 42, 46, 49, 143 Personal rule, 201–202, 204 Kerne and Galloglass, 4, 8 Bloodfeud (S), 13, 14, 175 Scotland and Ireland, 207, 225 In Scotland, 26, 68, 250 Boleyn, Anne, 98, 99, 100 Tactics in the 1640s, 231–232, Arminians, Arminianism, 128, 200, Bolingbroke, Henry St John, 236–237, 239 204 (see also Laud, Laudians) Viscount, 341, 342 Trial and execution, 237, 419

458  index

Charles II, 242, 419 Congregationalists, see Independents Scotland, 354 Army, 310–312, 327 Connacht plantation, 206–207 Declaration of Rights, 337 (see also Ireland, 367 Connacht presidency, 184, 185–187 Bill of Rights; Claim of Right) Revenue, 309, 310, 326 Conolly, William, xix, 81, 373 Declaratory Act, 1720 (I), 374 Scotland, 250 Conquest of Ireland, 182 Deer stealing, 297 Charles Edward Stuart, the Young ‘Consumer Revolution’, 286 Defoe, Daniel, 279, 289 Pretender, 365, 366 Conventicles Desmond, Fitzgerald Earls of, 20, Charters, colonial, 267, 268 England, 382, 390, 419 185, 187 Charters, see Towns Scotland, 249, 354, 394 Disarming (of Whigs), 1683–4, 334, Chichester, Sir Francis, 189, 190 Convention (see also Estates, 337 China, 274, 284 Convention of (S)) Discipline, Books of (S), 130 Church ales, 48, 166 England, 1660, 252, 325 Dispensing and suspending powers, Church courts, 52, 121, 399 England, 1689, 337 332 Church, Henrician, 107, 108–109 Ireland, 1659–60, 252 Dissenters, see Nonconformists Church of England, 345 (see also Conversion experience, 271, 399, 440 Divine-right monarchy, 174, 239, Anglicans) Convocation, 398, 407 341, 415, 440, see also Royal Edward VI to Charles I, 115, 204 Corn laws, 282 touch 1640–60, 212, 228–229, 240, 381, Corporation Act, 1661, 390, 392 Domain states and tax states, 76, 305 382 Correction, House of, 159, 164, 166 Drogheda and Wexford, see Restoration, 332 ‘Corruption’, 340, 413, 414 Massacres Toleration Act, 388, 392, 402 Cottages Act, 1589, 148, 166 Dundee, John Graham Viscount, 354 Hanoverian, 345 ‘Country’ sentiment, 340 Dutch Republic, 267, 306 Church of Ireland, 137, 205, 249, 351, County committees, 229 Dyer, John, newsletter writer, 420 381, 389, 396, 406 Court, Georgian, 343 Church of Scotland, 360, 361 Covenanter Revolution, 209–211, East India Companies ‘Church magic’, 58–59 356, 395, 396 (see also Solemn Dutch, 258 Church, Pre-Reformation League and Covenant; English, 258, 274 English Westminster Confession) Eccleshall, 279, 295 Popular religion, 56, 57, 58–59 Covenant, 208–209, 354, 408 Edward IV, 69, 70 Structure and governance, 52 Massachusetts, 271 Edward VI, 114 Irish, 52–53 Proposed union of Parliaments Eikon Basilike Scottish, 53 and churches, 209, 211 Ejectors, 382 Welsh, 52, 53 Covent Garden, 289, 290 Elections, parliamentary Churchwardens, 48 Cranmer, homas, 100, 115, 117, 120 England, 334, 340, 345–346, 426, Civil Wars, see First Civil War, Credit, 308 427, 434 Second Civil War Crime and punishment, 159–160, 267 Commons committee of Claim of Right (S), 355 (see also Criminal law) elections, 346, 427 Claims, Court of (I), 367 Criminal law, 267, 298, 299 (see also Pocket boroughs, 346 Clans, 3–9 (see also Celtic societies) Crime and punishment) Ireland, 351, 373 English clans, 4 (see also Cromwell, Henry, 244, 249 Scotland, 351, 355 Surnames) Cromwell, Oliver, 228, 236, 241–242, Elizabeth Clanricard, Burke Earls of, 184, 247 243, 244, 250 And Ireland, 184, 189 Clarence, George, Duke of, 71 Cromwell, Richard, 244 Religion, 120–121 Class conlict?, 298 Cromwell, homas, 82, 97, 101–102, Revenue, 196 Claverhouse, John Graham of, see 108–109, 118 Emigrants, 246 Dundee, Viscount Crowds (1640–2), 212, 217 Enclosures, 147, 152, 153, 201 Clergy, criticism of, 95 Culloden, 366 Enclosure Acts, 282, 283 ‘Priestcrt’, 398 Cumberland, William Augustus, Engagement, 1647, 235, 249 Cloth industry, 40, 150–151 Duke of, 366 Episcopacy, see Bishops Cofee and cofee houses, 285, 421 Customs, 197 Episcopalians (S), 355, 363, 395, 406 Coleman, Edward, 330, 420 Erasmus, 93 Combinations, 299 Dacre, Fiennes family, Barons, 82–84 Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of, Commission for the Propagation of Darien scheme. 358 119, 188 the Gospel in Wales, 386 Davies, Sir John, 189 Eucharist, 94 Commonwealths men, 152 Declaration of dislike, 1647, 232 Evangelical revival, 398, 399 Compton census, 403 Declarations of indulgence ‘Evans list’, 403 Confederate Catholics, 224, 239 England, 334 Excise, 228, 306, 307

index  459

Excise bill, 1733, 433 Henry VIII, 75, 96 (see also As King Exclusion crisis, 433 Pilgrimage of Grace) Army, 310, 332, 334–335 Divorce, 98–101 Campaign to pack Parliament, Fairfax, Sir homas, 232, 241 Government of, 78–79, 80 334 Fashion, 286 Religion, 97, 101 In Ireland, 370 Fens, 36, 148, 157–158 Resources, 75–78 James III (1460–88) (S), 64 Feudalism, 10–11, 24 (see also Bastard Hereditary succession, 416 James IV (1488–1513) (S), 64 feudalism) Heritable jurisdictions (S), 14, 177, James V (1513–42) (S), 172–173 Feudal incidents, 10, 25–26, 77 (see 251, 361, 366 James VI (1567–1625) (S), 172 also Uses) High Church, 399, 400, 401 Ideas on kingship, 174 Feuing (S), 26, 41, 173 High court of justice, see Charles I, he Kirk, 133–134 Firearms, 263 Trial of he lawyers, 174, 175, 176, 177 First civil war, 225 (see also Solemn Highland host (S) see Host he nobility, 175, 176, 177 League and Covenant) Highlands (S), 8, 23–24, 178–179, James VII (S), 354 Taking of sides, 225 250, 363, 366, 438 James Edward Stuart, the Old he burden of war, 229 Hoadly, Benjamin, 399 Pretender, 312, 335, 364 ‘Fiscal-military state’, 316, 319 Hobbes, homas, 440 Japan, 274 Forest laws, 201 Holles, Denzil, 232 Jews, 57, 392 Fosterage, 9 Hopkins, Matthew, 162 Judges, 197, 202, 331, 332 Fox, George, 325, 384 Host (S), 26, 353–354, 437 Foxe, John, 116 ‘Houghers’ (I), 298 Ket’s rebellion, 153–154 Franchise, 234, 236, 345, 351, 427 Humble Petition and Advice, 1656–7, Kildare, Fitzgerald Earls of, 17, 20 Freehold, 271 243 King, Gregory, 279, 290 Free quarter, 229, 230 Hume, David, 440 Kingswood colliers, 282, 398, 427 Frontiers, 149 Huntly, Gordon Earls of (S), 23, 135 Kinsale, 189 Imprecision, 9–10, 86 Kirk sessions (S), 131, 172, 296 Lawlessness, 68, 82–87 Impeachment, xxv, 198, 212, 417 Knox, John, 133, 135, 173 Scottish borders, 177 Impositions, 197 Knowledge (information), 424 Fundamental laws, 197 Indemnity and Oblivion, Act of, 1660, 325 Lambert, John, 242, 244 Gaelic lords (I), 179–180 Independents, 403 Lamb’s War, 384, 386 Game laws, 283 India, 274 Languages, 2–3, 128, 129 Gathered churches, 240, 383 Industry, see Manufactures Laud, William, 204, 209, 270, 428 General Assembly (S), 130, 134, ‘Inner light’, 384 Laudians (see also Arminians) 209–211, 394, 405 Instrument of Government, 398–399 Law (see also Crime and Punishment; General Council of the Army, Insurance, 309 Criminal law) 1647–8, 233 Iona, Statutes of (S), 178 Celtic societies, 11 George I, 339, 342, 343, 438 Ireton, Henry, 234, 241, 246 English law, 332 George II, 343–344 Irish rising, 1641, 214–215 he Stuarts and the law, 196–197, Ginkel, Godert de, 370 Islay, Earl of, see Argyll, Archibald 202, 332, 416 Gleaning, 283 Campbell Irish law (see Brehon law) Grand Remonstrance, 215, 217 Isles, Lordship of the (S), 23, 64, 178 Scottish law, 14–15, 175, 176, 177, Guerillas, 246 360, 361 Guilds, Crat, 39–40 Jacobites, Jacobitism, 314, 315, 340, Lay patronage (S), 363, 388, 393, 394 Guilds and fraternities (religious), 48, 363, 416, 419 Leicester, Robert Dudley, Earl of, 119 50, 58, 60, 114 Jamaica, 269 Levellers, 234, 440 James I of England (see also James ‘Levellers’ (rural rioters) (S), 298 Hampden, John, 202 VI) Licensing Act, 338, 362, see also Print Hanoverian succession, 340 Foreign policy, 198 and the press Heads of the Proposals, 233 Ideas on kingship, 174 Limerick, Treaty of, 1691(I), 370, 371 Hearth tax, 307, 326 Revenue, 195, 310 Literacy, 57, 421, 422 Henry VI Scotland, 195 Liturgy, 393 Insanity, 65 James II (see also James VII) Local government, 78–79, 317 (local Misgovernment, 65, 70 As Duke of York, 259, 268, 329 rates, 316) Queen, see Margaret of Anjou Conversion, 329, 416, 440 Locke, John, 439, 440 Readeption and death, 71 Dominion of New England, 268, Lollards, 92 Henry VII, 72, 74–75 272 London, City of, 190, 201, 331

460  index

London squares, 289, 290 Dissolution, 102, 105, 107 Palatinate, Electorate, 198 Long Parliament (1640–60), 212–213 Ireland, 136 Pale, the (I), 17, 19 Executive role, 229–231 Monk, George, 251–252 Papacy, 51, 94, 98–101, 105, 116 Parties, 232 Monmouth, James Scott, Duke of, Parish churches, 53–54, 115 Pride’s Purge, 236–237 331, 430 Parish government, 47–49 Restoration and dissolution, 1660, Monopolies, 196, 197, 201 Parliament (see also Long Parliament; 252 Mountjoy, Charles Blount, Baron, 189 Parliament and taxation) Louis XIV king of France, 312, 329, Münster, 94, 390 England, 15–16, 38, 239–241, 312, 335, 364 Munster presidency, 185–187 344 Low Church, 399, 400 Mutiny Acts, 312, 315 Legislation, 160–161, 173, 298, Lucas, Sir John, 428 318, 352 Luther, Martin, 93–94 Naseby, battle of, 1645, 229 Secrecy of debates, 425 National Debt, 308, 314 Ireland, 17, 323, 373 Macdonnells, see under Antrim, Navigation Acts, 267, 284, 286 Dublin (Catholic) Parliament, Earls of Navy, 305, 309, 313 1689, 370 Major Generals, 240, 243 Commissions in, 317 Scotland, 17–18, 174, 209, 361 Malt tax (S), 362 Neville family, 68 (see also Warwick, Riots, 432 Earl of) Parliament and taxation, England, Manchester, Earl of. 229 Newcastle, homas Pelham-Holles, 1st 323, 362 Manufactures (see also Cloth Duke of, 347 Ireland, 352, 368, 372, 373 industry) New France, 273–274 Scotland (ater the Union), 362 Margaret of Anjou, Queen, 65, 69 New Model Army, 229, 241, 437 Parties, Political, 323 Marston Moor, battle of, 1644, 229 Newsletters, 420 Patents, 196, 197 Martial law (see also Articles of war; Newton, Sir Isaac, 397, 440, 441 Patronage, 344–345, 346, 414 Mutiny Acts) New York, 268, 272 Peasants’ revolt, xxviii, 38, 49, 413 In Ireland, 182, 246, 259 No addresses, vote of, 236 Peers, see Nobility Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots, 120, Nobility, peers Pennsylvania, 272 172, 173 English, xix, xx, 25–26, 79–80, Pepys, Samuel, 317, 420 Mary I, 116–118 149–150, 309 Percy family, see under Mary II, 337 Scottish, 64, 175, 176, 177, 351, 364 Northumberland, Earls and Mary Beatrice of Modena, Queen, 329 Nonconformists, 333, 403, 419 Dukes of Massachusetts, 268 Persecution, 1681–5, 391 Perrot, Sir John, 185 Massacres, 186–187, 215, 230, Non-jurors, 392, 395 Perth, Five Articles of (S), 134 245–246, 260, 271 Norfolk, homas Howard, 3rd Duke Petitions, 217, 234, 235, 326, 330, 425, Meeting houses, 392, 396, 402, 403, of, 104–105 (see also Surrey, 426, 427 404, 430, 432 Earl of) Petition of Right, 1628, 199 Melville, Andrew, 132, 134 Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke Philip II king of Spain, 118, 119, 120, Mercy, Seven works of, 50, 54, 103 of, 115 337 Methodists, 405 Northumberland, Percy Earls and Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536, 104, Middling sorts, 299 Dukes of, 68, 83, 149, 155 105–106, 155 Militia, 149, 159, 437 Plantations English, 334–335, 437 Occasional conformity, 391, 399 America, 180–181, 265 Militia Ordinance (1642), 215, O’Donnells, 8–9, 188, see also under Ireland, 171, 180–181, 188, 190, 218, 417 Tyrconnell, Earls of 247, 260 Militia Act (1661), 326 Old English (I), 136–137, 184, 214, 224 Scotland, 179 Ireland, 368, 369, 371, 408 Old Protestants (I), 247, 252, 367, 388 Poets, 6, 185 Scotland, 353 (see also Highland O’Neill, Shane, 188 (see also Tyrone, Pole, Reginald, Cardinal, 114, 118 host) Earls of) Poor, Corporations of the, 294–295, Ministers (royal), 343, 344, 417 O’Neill, Sir Phelim, 214, 215, 247 318 Mist Nathaniel, 425, 432 Ormond, Butler, Earls of, 20, 179, Poor, treatment of the (see also ‘Moderates’ (S), 406 185, 187 Poor, Corporations of the; ‘Modern’ government, 317 Ormond, James Butler, Marquis and Settlement, Act of, 1662; Moleyns, Adam, Bishop of 1st Duke of, 225, 244, 367, Workhouses Act, 1723) Chichester, xxv, 65 368, 372 England, 164, 292 Moleyns, Robert Hungerford, Baron, Ormond, James Butler, 2nd Duke of, Ireland, 296 66–67 342, 364, 432 Scotland, 179 Monasteries, 38, 52 Overseers of the poor, 166 Pope, see Papacy

index  461

Popish Plot, 330 Revenue, Scotland, 17–18 Socinians, 392, 405 Population, 37–38, 42, 143–145, 171, Revolution from below, fear of, 325, ‘Sole Right’ (I), 372 244–246, 278 331, 417 Solemn League and Covenant, Poynings’ Law, 1494 (I), 17 Richard III, 72, 73–74 228–229, 388, 389 Prayer Books (see also hirty-nine Rinuccini, Giovanni Battista, 224 Somerset, Beaufort Dukes of, 66, 67 Articles) Riot Act, 1715, 301, 433 Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of, 1549, 114, 115 Riots, 155–156, 158, 428, 434 (see also 114, 152, 153, 154, 155 1552, 115 Black Act; Rural violence) Sophia, Electress of Hanover, 338 1559, 121, 126, 382, 389 Enclosure, 156–157 (see also South Sea Bubble, 415 Ireland, 249, 388 Enclosure Acts) Spenser, Edmund, 180 Scotland, 207 Food, 156, 282, 297 Spirit world, 163, 441 Predestination, 126, 384, 389 Forest and fen, 157–158 Star Chamber, 158, 202, 327 Presbyterians, 326 Industrial, 297, 299 Straford, homas Wentworth, Earl England, 125, 228, 301, 380, 390, 403 Political (1647–8), 234, 235 of, 205–206, 212, 214 Presbyterian party, 232 Calendar, 430 Subsidy, 196 Ireland, 249, 388, 406, 407 (see Religious (anti-Catholic), 337 Sufolk, de la Pole Dukes of, 16, 65, also Sacramental test) Religious (anti-Nonconformist), 66, 67 Scotland, 132, 209, 354, 356, 393, 399, 402, 430 Supremacy, Royal, 121 394 Street ighting, 430 Ireland, 136 Secessions, 406 Tax riots, 307 (see also Malt Tax (S)) Scotland, 353 Preston, battle of, 1648, 236 Roanoke, 261 Surnames, 4, 149 Pretender, Old, see James Edward Roses, Wars of the, 69, 70 Surrender and regrant (I), 179, 180, Pretender, Young, see Charles Edward Royal African Company, 266 189 Pride’s Purge, 236–237, 252 Royal Touch, 415, 416 Surrey, homas Howard, Earl of, Print and the Press, 217, 420, 424, Rump Parliament, 241, 242, 244, 252 79, 83 (see also Norfolk, 3rd 425, 433 Rural violence, 298 (see also Black Duke of) Licensing Act, 268 Act) Swallowield articles, 1596, 164–165 Privateers, 261 Rye House Plot, 331, 417 Swit, Jonathan, 374 Proprietary colonies, 268 Protestation, 1641, 212, 217, 426 Sacheverell, Henry, 399 Talbot, Richard, see Tyrconnell, Earl Prynne, William, 202, 232, 424 Sacramental test (I), 407 and Duke of Public sphere, 423 Saints, 58, 101, 105 Tallies, 313 Punishment, see Crime and Sanquhar declaration, 1680 (S), 353, 397 Tax state, see Domain state Punishment Saye and Sele, James Fiennes, Baron, Tea, 285 Purgatory, 56, 101 xxv, xxvii, xxviii–xxix Test Acts, 1673 and 1678, 329, 333, Puritans, 125, 204, 270, 271 Second Civil War, 236 390, 392 Putney debates, 1647, 234 Self-denying Ordinance, 1645, 229 Test Act, Scotland, 353–354 Sepoys, 275 hirty-nine Articles, 121–122 Quakers, 286, 391, 392, 403 Septennial Act, 1716, 324, 346 Tithes, 53, 382 Queen Square, Bristol, 291 Settlement, Act of, 1652 (I), 246–247, Impropriated, 107, 136, 386 367 Toland, John, 439 Rabbling (S), 394 Settlement, Act of, 1662 (England) Toleration Act, 1689, 338, 392 Raleigh, Sir Walter, 186, 260 Settlement, Act of, 1701 (see also Tories, 330 (see also Parties) Rapparees (I), 368, 371 (see also Hanoverian succession) Tories (I), 368 Tories (I)) Reaction to (S), 359 Towns, England, 39–40, 42–44, 286 Reason, 397, 439 Ship Money, 202 (see also ‘Urban Renaissance’) Rebellion, 152, 336, 425 (see also Shops and shopping, 285, see Built environment, 290–291 Ket’s rebellion; Pilgrimage of ‘Consumer revolution’ Charters, 44, 331, 334 Grace; Western rising) Simnel, Lambert, 74 Dockyard, 284, 287 Reformation, Henrician, 101 Slaves, 266–267 Government, 44 Reformation, Scottish, 129–131 Slave trade, 266 Improvement commissions, 291, Republic, English, 237, 239–241 Smerwick, Massacre at (I), 186–187 318 Revealed religion, 397, 439 Smuggling, 297 Population, 42, 45, 286–289, 368 Revenue, England, 15–16, 47, 195, ‘Social crime’?, 298 Spa towns, 287 196–197, 201–202, 306, 309, Societies for the Reformation of Towns, Ireland, 45, 368 310, 312, 326, 327–328, 339 Manners, 294 Towns, Scotland, 45–46 Revenue, Ireland, 19, 368 Society People, see Cameronians Towns, Wales, 44

462  index

Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount Union of England and Scotland Whiggamores, see Conventicles, Townshend, 432 (1707), 360, 361 Scotland Trade, 39, 361 Scottish grievances, 363 Whigs, 323, 330 (see also Parties) Transportation, 265 Union of England and Wales (1536), Whig Supremacy, 342, 343–344, Treaties, Laying before Parliament, 339 85 345–346 Trent, Council of, 96, 138 Unitarians, see Socinians Whiteield, George, 398 Triennial Acts ‘Urban Renaissance’, 301 William III, 329, 335, 336–337, Scotland, 1640, 211 Uses, Statute of, 1536, 77 339 England, 1641, 211, 323 Declaration, 336 England, 1664, 323, 327 Vagrants, 50, 158, 161, 183, 293 Invasion of England, 335, 336, England, 1694, 340 Villages, 46–47, 148 (see also 337 Triers, 382, 388 Parishes) Winchester, Palace of, 310, 328 Trinity, 397 Violence, 428 Witchcrat beliefs and prosecutions, Tunbridge Wells, 287, 289 Virginia, 269–270 161–164, 441 Tyler, Wat, xxviii, 218 ‘Visible saints’, 383 Women and witchcrat, 163 Tyrconnell, O’Donnell Earls of, 189, Wolsey, homas, 81–82 190 Wales and the Welsh, 2, 20–23, 38, Wood’s Halfpence (I), 374, 433 Tyrconnell, Richard Talbot, Earl and 128–129, 286, 296, 385 Woodville, Elizabeth, 71 Duke of, 246, 368, 369 Walpole, Sir Robert, 314, 343, 364, Worcester, Battle of, 250 Tyrone, Conn O’Neill irst Earl of, 414 Workhouses, 292, 294 7, 184 Warbeck, Perkin, 74 Workhouses Act, 1723, 295 Tyrone, Hugh O’Neill second Earl of, Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl Wyclif, John, 91–92, 95 4, 187, 189, 190 of, ‘the Kingmaker’, 68, 69, 70, 71 York, James Duke of, see Ulster, 187 Wentworth, Sir homas, see Straford, James II Uniformity, Acts of, Earl of York, Richard, Duke of, 65, 67–68, 1559, 121, 136 Wesley, Charles, 404 69 1662, 389 Wesley, John, 404, 405 1666 (I), 396 Western rising, 1549, 114–115, 155 Zwingli, Huldreich, 94–95