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Skip to He 162 Volksjager Units. Our Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia has reopened. Get free timed entry passes. The Museum in DC will remain closed. This object is not on display at the He 162 Volksjager Units Air and Space Museum. It is either on loan or in storage. The Reich Air Ministry issued specifications for the program on September 10,challenging manufacturer's to design, build, and fly, as quickly as possible, an "emergency, lightweight fighter" powered by a single BMW engine. The specifications also spelled out these key requirements: the new design must be easily mass-produced with the least amount of strategic materials such as steel and aluminum, and flight performance must exceed that of piston-engined fighters. He 162 Volksjager Units Socialist ideology profoundly influenced another design criteria. The jet had to be so simple to operate that teenage Hitler Youth pilots could fly into combat after rudimentary training. The term is a codename for the wing structure, not the aircraft. Heinkel designed and built the first prototype of the He in record time. Just 74 days passed between the day Heinkel received the contract on September 23 and first flight on December 6. Numerous technical He 162 Volksjager Units design problems were apparent and the prototype crashed four days later. Pilots mastered He 162 Volksjager Units of the Spatz's nasty habits but the jet would always be a difficult, even dangerous, aircraft to fly, even for experienced pilots. Had the Luftwaffe fielded Hitler He 162 Volksjager Units squadrons flying the Hetakeoff and landing would have killed as many pilots as combat. One of the central concepts of the program thus proved illusory. Heinkel started production before completing the initial testing and modification phase. Because the aircraft was never certified ready for combat, He pilots had only very limited encounters with He 162 Volksjager Units aircraft. It was painted with the number "white 23" and its red-white-black nose bands were in reverse order from the usual paint scheme, which may indicate that the wing commander and high-scoring ace, Col. Herbert Ihlefeld, flew this particular aircraft. After transfer to Britain, the U. For unknown reasons, mechanics replaced the tail unit at Wright Field with the tail unit of aircraft Its flying days ended permanently when someone at Freeman Field neatly sawed through the outer wing panels sometime before September The wings were reattached with door hinges and the jet was shipped to air shows and military displays around the country. The U. Air Force transferred the aircraft to the Smithsonian Institution in but it remained in stored at Park Ridge, Illinois, until transfer to the Garber Facility in January For more information, visit the Smithsonian's Terms of Use page. IIIF provides researchers rich metadata and image viewing options for comparison of works across cultural heritage collections. Heinkel He - Wikipedia

It was designed and built quickly and made primarily of wood as metals were in very short supply and prioritised for other aircraft. Other names given to the plane include Salamanderwhich was the codename of its construction program, and Spatz "Sparrow"which was the name given to the plane by Heinkel. Through the U. Having lost too many fighters to the bombers' defensive guns, the Germans invested in a series of heavy weapons that allowed them to attack from outside the American guns' effective range. Meanwhile, the single-engine aircraft like specially equipped Fw As added armor to protect their pilots from Allied bombers' defensive fire, allowing them to approach to distances where their heavy weapons could be used with some chance of hitting the bombers. All of this added greatly to the weight being carried by both the single and twin-engine fighters, seriously affecting their performance. When the 8th Air Force re-opened its bombing campaign in early with the Big Week offensive, the bombers returned to the skies with the long-range P Mustang in escort. Unencumbered with the heavy weapons needed to down a bomber, the Mustangs and longer-ranged versions of other aircraft were able to fend off the Luftwaffe with relative ease. The Luftwaffe responded by changing tactics, forming in front of the bombers and making a single pass through the formations, giving the defense little time to react. The 8th Air Force responded with a change of its own, after Major General Jimmy Doolittle had ordered a change in fighter tactics earlier inamounting to an air supremacy entry into German airspace far ahead of the bombers' combat box formations — when at the end of April, He 162 Volksjager Units added additional directives allowing the fighters, following the bombers' flight back home to England, to roam freely over Germany and hit the Luftwaffe's defensive fighters wherever they could He 162 Volksjager Units found. This change in tactics resulted He 162 Volksjager Units a sudden increase in the rate of irreplaceable losses to the Luftwaffe day fighter force, as their heavily laden aircraft were "bounced" long before reaching the bombers. Within weeks, many of their aces were dead, along with hundreds of other pilots, and the He 162 Volksjager Units program could not replace their casualties quickly enough. The Luftwaffe put up little fight during the summer ofallowing the Allied landings in France to go almost unopposed from the air. With few planes coming up to fight, Allied fighters were let He 162 Volksjager Units on the German airbases, railways and truck traffic. Logistics soon became a serious problem for the Luftwaffe, as maintaining aircraft in fighting condition became almost impossible. Getting enough fuel was even more difficult because of a devastating campaign against German petroleum industry targets. Addressing this posed a considerable problem for the Luftwaffe. Two camps quickly developed, both demanding the immediate introduction of large numbers of jet fighter aircraft. One group, led by General Adolf Gallandthe Inspector of Fightersreasoned that superior numbers had to be countered with superior technology, and demanded that all possible effort be put into increasing the production of the Messerschmitt Me in its A-1a fighter version, even if that meant reducing production of other aircraft in He 162 Volksjager Units meantime. The second group pointed out that this would likely do little to address the problem; the Me had notoriously unreliable powerplants and landing gearand the existing logistics problems would mean there would merely be more of them on the ground waiting for parts that would never arrive, or for fuel that was not available. Instead, He 162 Volksjager Units suggested that a new design be built — one so inexpensive that if a machine was damaged or worn out, it could simply be discarded and replaced with a fresh plane straight off the assembly line. Thus was born the concept of the "throwaway fighter". After the war, Ernst Heinkel would say, "[The] unrealistic notion that this plane He 162 Volksjager Units be a 'people's fighter,' in which the Hitler Youth, after a short training regimen with clipped-wing two-seater gliders like the DFS Stummel-Habichtcould fly for the defense of Germany, displayed the unbalanced fanaticism of those days. The requirement was issued 10 Septemberwith basic designs to be returned within 10 days and to start large-scale production by 1 January However, Heinkel had already been working on a series of "paper projects" for light single-engine fighters over the last year under the designation P. The results of the competition were announced in Octoberonly three weeks after being announced, and to no one's surprise, the Heinkel entry was selected for production. In order to confuse Allied intelligence, the RLM chose to reuse the airframe designation formerly that of a Messerschmitt fast bomber rather than the other considered designation He 162 Volksjager Units Heinkel had designed a relatively small, 'sporty'-looking aircraft, with a sleek, streamlined fuselage. Overall, the look of the plane was extremely modernistic for its time, appearing quite contemporary in terms of layout and angular arrangement even to today's eyes. The BMW axial-flow turbojet was He 162 Volksjager Units in a pod nacelle uniquely situated atop the fuselage, [7] just aft of the He 162 Volksjager Units and centered directly over the wing's center section. The He airframe design featured an uncomplicated tricycle landing gearthe first such landing gear system to be present from the very start in any He 162 Volksjager Units Axis Powers single-engined fighter design, that retracted into the fuselage, performed simply with extension springs, mechanical locks, He 162 Volksjager Units and counterweights, and a minimum of any hydraulics employed in its design — a window in the lower forward cockpit area, He 162 Volksjager Units the rudder pedals, allowed for visual checking of the nosegear's retraction operation. The He V1 first prototype flew within an astoundingly short period of time: the design was chosen on 25 September and first flew on 6 December, [7] less than 90 days later. Other problems were noted as well, notably a pitch instability and problems with sideslip due to the rudder design. On a second flight on 10 December, again with Peter at the controls, in front of various Nazi officials, the glue again caused a structural failure. This allowed the aileron to separate from the wing, causing the plane to roll He 162 Volksjager Units and crash, killing Peter. An investigation into the failure revealed that the wing structure had to be strengthened and some redesign was needed, as the glue bonding required for the wood parts was in many cases defective. This time, the stability problems proved to be more serious, and were found to be related to Dutch rollwhich could He 162 Volksjager Units solved by reducing the dihedral. However, with the plane supposed to enter production within weeks, there was no He 162 Volksjager Units to change the design. A number of small changes were made instead, including adding lead ballast to the nose to move the centre of gravity more to the front of the plane, and slightly increasing the size of the tail surfaces. The third and fourth prototypes, which now used an "M" for "Muster" model number instead of "V" for "Versuchs" experimental number, as the He M3 and M4, after being fitted with the strengthened wings, flew in mid-January These versions also included — as He 162 Volksjager Units the pioneering example of their use on a production-line, military jet aircraft — small, anhedraled aluminium "drooped" wingtipsreportedly designed by Alexander Lippisch and known in German as Lippisch-Ohren "Lippisch Ears"in an attempt to cure the stability problems via effectively "decreasing" He 162 Volksjager Units main wing panels' marked three degree dihedral angle. The He was originally He 162 Volksjager Units with the intention of being flown by the Hitler Youthas the Luftwaffe was fast running out of pilots. However, the aircraft's complexity required more experienced pilots. Both a standard-fuselage length, unarmed BMW E-powered two-seat version with the rear pilot's seat planned to have a ventral access He 162 Volksjager Units to access the cockpit and an He 162 Volksjager Units two-seat glider version, designated the He S Schulenwere developed for training purposes. Only He 162 Volksjager Units small number were built, and even fewer delivered to the sole He Hitler Youth training unit to be activated in March at an airbase at Sagan. The unit was in the process of formation when the war ended, and did not begin any training; it is doubtful that more than one or two He S gliders ever took to the air. In Januarythe Luftwaffe formed an Erprobungskommando "Test Unit " evaluation group to which the first 46 aircraft were delivered. The group was based at the Luftwaffe main test center, or Erprobungsstelle at Rechlin. He 162 Volksjager Units saw deliveries of the He to its first operational unit, I. This was all happening simultaneously with unrelenting Allied air attacks on the transportation network, aircraft production facilities and petroleumoiland lubrication POL product-making installations of the Third Reich — these had now begun to also target the Luftwaffe's jet and rocket fighter bases as well. Two days later, I. On 8 April, II. The He first saw He 162 Volksjager Units in mid-April Though still in training, I. Ten of the aircraft were operational losses, caused by flameouts and sporadic structural failures. Only two of the 13 aircraft were actually shot down. The He 's minute fuel capacity also caused problems, as at least two of JG 1's pilots were killed attempting emergency deadstick landings after exhausting their fuel. During its exceedingly brief operational service career, the 's cartridge- type ejector seat was employed under combat conditions by JG 1's pilots at least three times. Erwin Steeb ejecting from his the following day. Finally, Hptm. Paul-Heinrich Dahne attempted an ejection on April 24, but was killed when the aircraft's cockpit canopy failed to detach. In the last days of April, as the Soviet troops approached, II. Einsatz "Combat" and II. Sammel "Collection". Erprobungskommando He 162 Volksjager Units, which had been passed on to JV 44an elite jet He 162 Volksjager Units under Adolf Galland a few weeks earlier, were all destroyed by their crews to keep them from falling into Allied hands. By the time of the German unconditional surrender on He 162 Volksjager Units MayHe s had been delivered; a further had been completed and were awaiting collection or flight-testing; and about more were in various stages of production. The difficulties experienced by the He were caused mainly by its rush into production, not by any inherent design flaws. On 9 Novemberduring a demonstration flight from RAE Farnboroughone of the fin and rudder assemblies broke off at the start of a low-level roll causing the aircraft to crash into Oudenarde Barracks, Aldershotkilling Marks and a soldier on the ground. The fighter would sit atop the bomb, which would itself be equipped with two underwing-mounted BMW turbojets. This ungainly combination would take off on a sprung trolley fitted with tandem wheels on each side for the "main gear" equivalent, derived from that used on He 162 Volksjager Units first eight Arado Ar prototypes, with all three jets running. Immediately after take-off, the trolley would be jettisoned, and the Mistel would then fly to within strike range of the designated target. Upon reaching this point, the bomb would be aimed squarely at the target and then released, with the jet turning back for home. The Mistel 5 remained a "paper project", as the Arado bomb never progressed beyond the blueprint stage. Media related to Heinkel He museum aircraft at Wikimedia Commons. Data from Hitler's Luftwaffe [17]. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Interceptor jet aircraft, German, WW2. This article includes a list of general referencesbut it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. February Learn how and when to remove this template message. See also: Emergency Fighter Program. Christopher also records "unskilled labor" as a euphemism. London, United Kingdom: Amber Books. Heinkel Flugzeugwerke. Archived from the original PDF on 4 August Retrieved July He 162 Volksjager Units, Le Bourget, Paris, France: memorialflight. Retrieved July 9, German Aircraft Landing Gear. The He 's landing gear consisted partly of He 162 Volksjager Units taken from other designs. The main landing gear legs and wheels were from the Bf K. The hydraulic jack used to raise and lower the landing gear was also taken from the Bf Hitler's Luftwaffe. London: Salamander Books. Wings of the Luftwaffe. Pilot Press Ltd. On the climb the fuel gauge began to drop, indicating that the two ungauged wing tanks had completely drained their contents into the main tank. The Times Digital Archive. Brown, Capt. Heinkel He - Vikipedi

Description Imported from USA. Full description not available. ALL OK! Read more Great Book! Good read of a rarely documented aircraft and operating units. Worth a look! Wie gesagt, stundenlang Very interesting read. Recommended to WW2 aviation enthusiasts Not as much on the aircraft, itself, as on the units that used it, as per title. Good value. Great series! Anything by this author is great. Good study of an emergency fighter, desined and built in 10 weeks! The reasons why this aircraft were largely unsuccessful are explained The reasons why this aircraft were largely unsuccessful are explained in detail by the author. The political interference and technical idiosyncrasies of the He are presented and explained. A He 162 Volksjager Units interesting read. Overall i thought this to be a good bookwell illustrated and informative. My only criticism would be given the lack of combat this aircraft had, some more information on further He 162 Volksjager Units of the HE would have been useful One He 162 Volksjager Units Germany's last ditch efforts to stave off defeat in was the fielding of the He jet fighter. Designed and built on a compressed timeline in lateHe 162 Volksjager Units new fighter mixed materials and borrowed parts from existing projects. Its principal innovation was a turbojet engine perched on top of the fuselage. Training the necessary pilots He 162 Volksjager Units a separate challenge The book traces the developmental history of the Heincluding the construction of its aircraft in underground factories staffed by forced labor. The aircraft itself was remarkably innovative for its time. It was also tough on pilots. The operational history of the Herecapped in some detail in the narrative, includes the deaths of numerous experienced pilots in accidents and mishaps. At the conclusion of the war, the winning Allies were quick to exploit the models that fell into their hands for the development of their own jet fighters. Recommended as a concise but very readable introduction to an innovative but largely forgotten aircraft. This product is currently out of stock. Similar Products. Bachem Ba Natter X-Planes.