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The Relationship Between Chanukah & Christmas

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The Relationship Between Chanukah & Christmas THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN I C E L E B R A T E C H A N U K A H ! D I D J E S U S ? T H E R E L A T I O N S H I P B E T W E E N Chanukah & Christmas If you live in an area that has a Jewish community, you may have seen signs of a holiday celebration such as a large nine-branched candelabra being set up in public places around the Christmas Season. You may be aware that most Jews do not celebrate Christmas and instead celebrate a holiday called Chanukah (or Hanukkah).* Let's take a look at this holiday and find out if there is any relationship between Chanukah and Christmas. First of all, the date of Chanukah changes each year for those of us who use the Gregorian Calendar. The Jewish calendar is lunar, and this is why dates do not match those on our solar-based calendar. Usually, Chanukah falls sometime in December. reachii.org reachii.org Unlike most holidays in North America, Jewish holidays can also last longer than one day. Chanukah is one such holiday and lasts for a total of 8 days. We will discuss the significance of that when we look at the history of Chanukah. It also begins in the evening at sunset because the Jewish people measure days differently. Based on a phrase found in the Bible in Genesis that speaks about God creating the world “and it was evening and morning, the first day”, we see the Biblical concept of when a day ends and the next begins is at sunset rather than in the middle of the night. It makes sense if you think about it. And it allows us to experience the end of each day and begin the next one. So unlike children who grew up celebrating Christmas and know the excitement of trying to sleep on Christmas Eve, with the anticipation of the festivities and gifts that await, Jewish children, get to start the holiday before going to bed. The Jewish actor Adam Sandler in his comedic song about the holiday, says “Chanukah is the festival of lights, instead of one day of presents, we have eight crazy nights”. If you want a good laugh, look it up (although I don’t endorse everything he says). So now that we know when Chanukah is, let’s talk about how we celebrate. * The reason for various spellings of Chanukah is because it is a Hebrew word. The Hebrew language does not use the Latin alphabet that English relies on and therefore there are different letters that we do not have. In the case of Chanukah, this is a letter called Het which sounds like a mix between the letter H and clearing your throat. In English this can be written with a CH or a K as these are the closest sounds we have. [1] It is interesting to note that in some cultures in Europe (such as Germany), there is a custom that is more similar to the Jewish day regarding the Christmas holiday. Christmas Eve is actually the time of celebration with a family dinner, church service, and gifts, and Christmas Day is usually rather uneventful when compared to the North American style of celebrating. It is a holiday with a lot of fun traditions, but also deep spiritual significance centered around lighting the Menorah. Traditionally, during each of those eight wonderful and sometimes crazy (depending on how many young children are around) nights, the family will gather around the nine-branched candelabra, which is called either a Menorah or a Chanukkiah, and light the Chanukah candles. Each night one additional candle is lit until all nine candles are burning on the eighth day. “But wait, if there are only eight days, why are there nine candles?” you might ask. We will return to that when I tell you about the spiritual significance that I see in the holiday. For now, I’ll just mention that one candle is used to light the other eight, which means that every night the special candle is lit and then used to light the other candles. This goes on each night with one candle being added and all of them being lit with the special candle. During the holiday it is also traditional to give small gifts, play games such as Dreidel, and eat food like Latkes and Sufganiyot. D R E I D E L I’m sure many of you are asking what those funny-sounding words mean, so I will tell you. A Dreidel is a four-sided top with a Hebrew letter written on each side. The Hebrew letters correspond to the letters N, G, H, S, which is an acronym for the Hebrew phrase “Nes gadol hyah sham” which translates as “a great miracle happened there”. The game is played by betting with chocolate coins called Gelt, which is a Yiddish word that means money. Yiddish is the language that was used by the Ashkenazi Jewish people who lived in Europe. It is very similar to German, written in reachii.org Hebrew letters with some Slavic influences. Latkes and Sufganiyot Latkes and Sufganiyot are traditional fried foods. Latkes are a fried potato pancakes that originated in Eastern Europe and Sufganiyot are jelly donuts that originated in Germany. We have a reason for spending eight days eating delicious and very unhealthy fried food. To understand why we need to talk about history. Around 170 BCE, Jerusalem and the land of Israel were controlled by the Seleucid Empire. This was a Greek Kingdom that ruled part of the Middle East including modern-day Turkey and Syria. Their capital was in Antioch, a city that may be familiar from the book of Acts in the New Testament. At this time, the king of the Seleucids was Antiochus IV, who gave himself the name “Epiphanes” which could mean God incarnate or God manifest. Needless to say, you may already be able to tell this guy and his prideful ego will be trouble. He believed that the Greek culture was superior, and all his subjects should adopt it. However, for the Jewish people, this proved to be a problem. Greek culture was totally pagan and centered around worshipping lots of idols. It also has concepts about morality that contradicted the Torah.[1] [1] The Torah is the Jewish name for the first five books of the Bible, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These books are believed to have been given by God at Mount Sinai and are the source of all the moral laws of the Jewish people. reachii.org Thus, the Jewish people had a dilemma that we can all face. Do we stay true to God and His Word, or do we adapt and assimilate into a different culture? Antiochus, in his efforts to “civilize” the “backward” Jews, banned many important practices. He forbade studying the Torah and circumcision and ordered that everyone offer sacrifices to the Greek god Zeus. To disobey meant death! He even dared to go into the Temple in Jerusalem and offered an unkosher pig on the alter, defiling it. It was a very dangerous time. If any of the Jewish people were caught trying to study the Torah, they could be killed, so they invented a way to meet and study. They would sit and play with a dreidel and if the Greek soldiers came, it looked like they were gambling. However, they were really studying and discussing scripture. This is the origin story for the dreidel. One Jewish priest named Mattathias saw all this and determined that he would stay faithful to God and His Torah and refused to obey the Greek soldiers. He and his sons, led by Judah Maccabee (which means Judah the Hammer), revolted against the Greek repression. Against all odds, they defeated Antiochus’s army (probably the most powerful army of the day) and liberated the temple. After the temple had been defiled by Antiochus and his pig sacrifices, it had to be rededicated. This is the meaning of the word Chanukah, dedication, or rededication. reachii.org As they prepared to restore the temple, they found that they needed oil for the Menorah, the seven-branched candelabra that stood in the temple and could never go out. They had enough sacred oil for one day, but they had a problem. To make more sacred oil required an eight-day process. However, the single-day supply of oil lasted for eight days! The holiday is a celebration of the victory of the Maccabees who freed the Jewish people and restored the temple worship. Many of the things we do to celebrate are done to remember the miracle of the oil. This is why we light eight candles and why we eat food that is fried in oil. This story is told in the books of First and Second Maccabees which are included in the Apocrypha in some Bibles. Although these books are not part of the Bible, they tell a very important story between the Old and New Testaments. To me, the most important part of the story is not the miracle of the oil lasting, which some consider to be a legend, but that God is faithful and helped His chosen people. The devil often tries to destroy the Jewish people because God has chosen us to be the people to tell the world that there is only one God, to show the world His good and just laws and commandments, and to be the people through whom He would bring the Messiah.
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