Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Braybrooke Road Desborough Northamptonshire

ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT

LAND AT BRAYBROOKE ROAD DESBOROUGH NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

PAUL GAJOS BA MIfA & PAUL CHADWICK BA FSA MIfA

JANUARY 2010

Archaeological Desk Based Assessment Land at Braybrooke Road, Desborough, Northamptonshire

CONTENTS

Executive Summary

1.0 Introduction and Scope of Study 2.0 Planning Background and Development Plan Framework 3.0 Geology and Topography 4.0 Archaeological and Historical Background 5.0 Site Conditions and the Proposed Development 6.0 Conclusions

Sources Consulted

List of Illustrations

Fig. 1: Site Location Fig. 2: HER records within 500m of study site Fig. 3: HER records in wider vicinity mentioned in text Fig. 4: Pre-Inclosure plan Fig. 5: Desborough Inclosure Award 1777 Fig. 6: Ordnance Survey 6" Map, 1885 Fig. 7: Ordnance Survey 6" Map, 1901 Fig. 8: Ordnance Survey 6" Map, 1927

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List of Plates

Plate 1: Ridge and furrow north of Braybrooke Road Plate 2: Poorly preserved ridge and furrow south of railway line (HER 9980/0/6) Plate 3: Ridge and furrow south of Braybrooke Road looking north Plate 4: Ridge and furrow south of Braybrooke Road looking south

Appendix 1: Gazetteer of sites

Appendix 2: Extract from Northamptonshire Historic Landscape Characterisation Assessment (HCLA)

© CgMs Ltd No part of this report is to be copied in any way without prior written consent. Every effort is made to provide detailed and accurate information, however CgMs limited cannot be held responsible for errors or inaccuracies within this report. © Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the Controller of HM Stationery Office Licence Number AL100014723

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This archaeological desk-based assessment considers approximately 24 hectares of land at Braybrooke Road, to the north-west of Desborough, Northamptonshire. The study site is currently in agricultural use, under pasture.

There is evidence in the wider area for prehistoric, Roman and Saxon evidence, although there are no records on the site or in its immediate vicinity to suggest that remains of these periods are present on the site itself. The nearest evidence relates to a scatter of finds indicative of Roman settlement, recorded near Eckland Lodge Farm, approximately 600m to the north. However, the study site does contain two areas of Medieval ridge and furrow which are recorded on the Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record (HER).

The Medieval ridge and furrow on the site survives in varying states of preservation. A thematic assessment of Medieval Open Fields and ridge and furrow funded by English heritage in the 1990s does not identify this ridge and furrow for preservation, and the more recent Historic Landscape Characterisation Assessment similarly notes ridge and furrow in this character zone but does not identify the study site as an example for preservation.

This assessment has therefore not identified any archaeological constraints that would prevent the allocation of the site in the Rothwell and Desborough Urban Extension Area Action Plan for development. It can be anticipated that geophysical survey and other targeted evaluation will be required by the County Archaeologist in connection with any planning application for development on the site.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF STUDY

1.1 This archaeological desk-based assessment has been researched and prepared by Paul Gajos and Paul Chadwick of CgMs Consulting on behalf of Goodman International.

1.2 The assessment considers land at Braybrooke Road, Desborough, Northamptonshire. The site covers approximately 24 hectares and is centred at National Grid Reference SP 791 838 (Fig 1). It is located to the north-west of the town of Desborough.

1.3 In accordance with government guidance on archaeology and planning (PPG16) this assessment draws together the available archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to clarify the archaeological potential of the site.

1.4 The assessment comprises an examination of evidence in the Northamptonshire County Record Office, the Northamptonshire Local Studies Library and the Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record (HER), considers the results of nearby archaeological investigations, incorporates published and unpublished material and charts historic land-use through a map regression exercise. A site inspection was undertaken in January 2010.

1.5 As a result, the assessment enables relevant parties to assess the archaeological potential of the site and to consider the need for design, civil engineering, and/or archaeological solutions to any potential identified.

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2.0 PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK

2.1 In November 1990 the Department of the Environment issued Planning Policy Guidance Note 16 (PPG16) ‘Archaeology and Planning’, providing guidance for planning authorities, property owners, developers and others on the preservation and investigation of archaeological remains.

2.2 In short, government guidance provides a framework which: Protects Scheduled Ancient Monuments Protects the settings of these sites Protects nationally important un-scheduled ancient monuments In appropriate circumstances seeks adequate information (from field evaluation) to enable informed planning decisions Provides for the excavation and investigation of sites not important enough to merit in-situ preservation.

2.3 In considering any planning application for development, the local planning authority will be guided by the policy framework set by government guidance, in this instance PPG16, by current Development Plan policy or Local Development Framework policy and by other material considerations.

2.4 The strategic development plan policy framework is provided by The East Midlands Regional Plan which was published in March 2009 and contains the following policies in regard to archaeology and the historic environment:

POLICY 26 – Protecting and Enhancing the Region's Natural and Cultural Heritage Sustainable developments should ensure the protection, appropriate management and enhancement of the Region's natural and cultural heritage. As a result the following principles should be applied: the Region's internationally and nationally designated natural and historic assets should receive the highest level of protection; damage to other natural and historic assets or their settings should be avoided wherever possible, recognising that such assets are usually irreplaceable; unavoidable damage must be minimised and clearly justified by a need for development in that location which outweighs the damage that would result; unavoidable damage which cannot be mitigated should be compensated for, preferably in a relevant local context and where possible in ways which also contribute to social and economic objectives; there should be a net increase in the quality and active management of natural and historic assets across the Region in ways that promote the adaption to climate change, and an increase in the quantity of environmental assets generally.

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POLICY 27 - Regional Priorities for the Historic Environment

The historic environment should be understood, conserved and enhanced, in recognition of its own intrinsic value, and its contribution to the Region's quality of life. Across the Region and particularly in areas where growth or regeneration is a priority, development should promote sensitive change of the historic environment. To achieve this, Local Planning Authorities should: identify and assess the significance of specific historic assets and their settings; use characterisation to understand their contribution to the landscape or townscape in areas of change; encourage the refurbishment and re-use of disused or under-used buildings of some historic or architectural merit and incorporating them sensitively into regeneration schemes; promote the use of local building materials; and recognise the opportunities for enhancing existing tourism attractions and for developing the potential of other areas and sites of historic interest as part of Green infrastructure, having regard to potential impacts on biodiversity.

2.5 The Kettering Borough Local Plan 1995 is currently in the process of being replaced by the Local Development Framework (LDF). Several policies within the Local Plan have been saved until the LDF is adopted. However, policy relating to archaeology has not been saved.

2.6 This assessment aims to clarify the specific archaeological potential of the proposed development site, and identify any archaeological/heritage constraints that would preclude its allocation for development.

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3.0 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

3.1 Geology

3.1.1 The site lies on soils identified by the Soil Survey of England and Wales (SSEW, 1983, Map 3) as slowly permeable calcareous clays of the Hanslope Association, overlying chalky till.

3.2 Topography

3.2.1 The site is situated on the north-western edge of Desborough. It is bounded by modern development to the south-east, a railway line to the north-east and by extant field boundaries to the north-west and south west. It is bisected by Braybrooke Road. The highest point of the site, at the south-west corner, lies at approximately 144mAOD, from which point it slopes down to the north and north-east to a height of approximately 130m AOD.

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4.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

4.1 Timescales used in this report are as follows.

Prehistoric Palaeolithic 500,000 BC - 10,000 BC Mesolithic 10,000 BC - 4,000 BC Neolithic 4,000 BC - 2,400 BC Bronze Age 2,400 BC - 700 BC Iron Age 700 BC - AD 43

Historic Roman AD 43 - 410 AD Saxon/Early Medieval AD 410 - 1066 AD Medieval AD 1066 - 1499 AD Post Medieval AD 1499 - 1799 AD Modern AD 1800 - Present

4.2 Examination of data provided by the Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record (HER) and other sources have identified 2 sites within the proposed development area and 20 other sites within 500m of the study site (Fig 2). Relevant HER sites from the wider vicinity are shown on Figure 3. A full list of HER sites is presented in Appendix 1. It is the aim of this assessment to review the data available for the study area and to use this to construct a predictive model of the site’s archaeological potential.

4.3 There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments, Conservation Areas, Listed Buildings, Registered Battlefields or Registered Parks and Gardens on or in the vicinity of the study site.

4.4 Prehistoric

4.4.1 There are no records of prehistoric activity from within the study site or the surrounding 500m.

4.4.2 There is evidence of Mesolithic activity, Bronze Age burials, and Iron Age enclosures from the built area of Desborough and from agricultural land to the south-west of the town (RCHME, 1979, 33; HER 9310/0/0, 4249/1, 4313, 4326/0/0 and 2878/0/147). Although settlement in the area is known to have extended onto the clay land, the

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more intense settlement undoubtedly remained on the permeable geologies (Foard & Ballinger 2000).

4.5 Roman

4.5.1 There are no records of Roman activity from within the study site or the surrounding 500m.

4.5.2 However, there is evidence for a moderate level of Roman activity in the wider area, including a settlement and cemetery to the south-east of Desborough, c.1.1km south- east of the study site (RCHME, 1979, 33; HER 3994, 4249/1 and 4250), and burials and a possible settlement near the station, 1km east of the study site (RCHME, 1979, 33; HER 4012). A scatter of finds indicative of settlement is also recorded from fieldwalking near Eckland Lodge Farm, c.600m to the north of the study site (HER 9262/0/0) and excavations in advance of the A6 Desborough Bypass, 1.1km south of the study site, revealed evidence of a trackway, ditches and pits (HER 2878/0/147-8). In short, the available evidence suggests a pattern of dispersed rural settlement in the area throughout the Roman period.

4.6 Saxon/Medieval

4.6.1 There is one record of Saxon activity from within 500m of the study site, although its exact location is uncertain (HER 3440). A number of Saxon burials and cremations were discovered before 1757 during the excavation of a gravel pit associated with the Turnpike. The HER places this find approximately 400m to the west of the study site, however, it recognises that the location is uncertain but is presumably along the line of the old A6 (now the B576) to the north-west of the town. A watching brief was conducted at Grange Park in 2007 to confirm the presence of the cemetery, but no archaeological features or finds were encountered.

4.6.2 In the wider vicinity, Saxon pottery is noted from a similar location to the Roman site referred to above (SMR 4250). Additionally, a high status Saxon enclosure containing many burials, located to the east of Desborough Church, survived as an earthwork into the 19th century before being destroyed by ironstone quarrying (Foard & Ballinger 2000).

4.6.3 The late Saxon pattern of land holding and by implication an associated pattern of settlement and agriculture is recorded at Desborough in the Domesday Book. Land in the parish was held by Fregis and Oswulf in 1066. However, by 1086, the principal

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landholder was William Peverel, who held arable land, woodland, and a mill, with a population consisting of eleven villagers, eight smallholders and three slaves. Robert of Tosny also held arable and woodland, with three smallholders and two slaves, and the King and his half-brother the Count of Mortain, also held smaller pieces of land in Desborough (Thorn, 1979).

4.6.4 Desborough is recorded in Domesday Book as ‘Derburg’, which is taken to mean ‘Deor’s burh’. The modern spelling is not recorded until 1705 (Gover et al, 1975).

4.6.5 The HER records two areas of ridge and furrow earthworks within the study site. HER 99806/0/10 to the south of Braybrooke Road and HER 9980/0/6 in the north-western portion of the study site. The walkover survey conducted as part of this study has identified further remains of ridge and furrow earthworks in the south and eastern portions of the study site to the north of Braybrooke Road. All of the earthworks to the north of Braybrooke Road were, however, in fragmentary condition and relatively poorly preserved. The ridge and furrow to the south of Braybrooke Road is in a relatively good state of preservation and is clearly visible.

4.6.6 Four other records of ridge and furrow remains within 500m of the study site are mentioned on the HER (9980/0/1 - /2- /3- /8). All of which are located to the south of the study site.

4.6.7 These remains are remnants of medieval and post medieval agricultural regimes relating to the open field system. A three-field open field system is referred to during the late fourteenth century, and post-medieval evidence would suggest that the proposed development site lay within one of the open fields, as noted below (Hall, 1995).

4.7 Post Medieval and Modern

4.7.1 A map of Desborough prior to enclosure, shows the portion of the study site south of Braybrooke Road within Garbrook Field, which lay to the west of Desborough (Fig 4). The remainder of the site lay within Bestow Field, which ran either side of the Market Harborough road, which had been turnpiked in 1757 (RCHME, 1975).

4.7.2 Hall (1995) records that the parish of Desborough was enclosed by Act of Parliament in 1776, and the Award map in Northamptonshire Record Office dates from 1777 (NRO ZB615). This shows the study site divided into large, rectilinear fields (Fig 5).

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4.7.3 The HER records several areas of enclosure and boundaries within Braybrooke parish to the north and east of the study site (HER 9143, 9144 and 9145), but these are not particularly relevant to the study site's archaeological potential.

4.7.4 Desborough remained a large village in 1801, with a population of 831, only expanding with the growth of manufacturing later in the century (Steane, 1974). The Midland Railway, which forms the north-eastern boundary of the study site, opened in 1857 (HER 6124) with a station at Desborough, and manufacturing, particularly boot and shoe making, continued to expand. Ironstone quarries opened from 1873, worked by means of narrow gauge trackways and railways, and by cart haulage, connecting to the Midland Railway (HER 8476).

4.7.5 The Ordnance Survey 6″ map of 1885 shows the extent of urbanisation by this date, and quarrying is visible to the north-west, north and north-east of the town, in the vicinity of the railway (Fig 6). However, the study site remained in agricultural use, with a field pattern recognisable from the Enclosure map, although several of the fields had been subdivided during the interim, and the railway of 1857 cuts across the historic pattern, removing a footpath that had survived from before enclosure.

4.7.6 The Ordnance Survey 6″ map of 1901 shows that Desborough had expanded, and its population in 1901 is recorded as 3,573 (Kelly 1906). Although a number of the earlier ironstone quarries had closed down by the date of the Ordnance Survey map, quarrying had extended significantly, both to the north-east and south-east of the town, and a number of lengthy tramways are shown. However, apart from Humfrey’s Lodge, which had been built to the north of Braybrooke Road, the study site remained in agricultural use (Fig 7).

4.7.7 The Ordnance Survey 6″ map of 1927 shows additional urban expansion and the development of further ironstone quarries around the town (Fig 8). However, the study site remained in agricultural use.

4.7.8 A comparison of Figures 1 and 8 shows that urban expansion has continued. The study site remains in agricultural use, although a number of fields have been amalgamated, and a small amount of further development has taken place to the north of Braybrooke Road.

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4.8 Previous archaeological works

4.8.1 No previous archaeological works are recorded on the study site. However, the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments (RCHM(E)) studied the county in considerable detail during the 1960's and 70's, subsequently English Heritage has funded a study of Medieval Open Fields across Northamptonshire and more the historic landscape has been assessed and characterised on a county-wide basis. All three exercises have involved detailed examination of historic maps, documents and site visits.

4.8.2 Fields to the immediate north and south-west of the study site have been subject to archaeological fieldwalking in connection with the construction of the A6 Desborough Bypass in 1995. No significant finds were encountered in either field (ENN8631).

4.9 Historic Landscape Characterisation

4.9.1 The study site falls within area 5d, Thorpe Malsor - Braybrooke Uplands, defined by the Northamptonshire Historic Landscape Character Assessment (HLCA). The area is characterised by 19th century parliamentary enclosure. Braybrooke, Desborough and Thorpe Malsor were all enclosed within a few years of each other in the late 1770's whilst Rothwell was enclosed about 45 years later in 1812. The fieldscapes represent a mixed picture of survival and change. Parts of Braybrooke and Rothwell parishes still retain the pattern of parliamentary enclosure but, elsewhere, boundaries have been added in the 19th century (as is the case with the study site). The study site does not fall under any of the HLCA areas of important sites and landscapes (Appendix 2).

4.10 Summary of potential

4.10.1 No Palaeololithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age or Iron Age material has been recorded on the study site, or in its vicinity. The majority of the records relating to prehistoric activity in the area related to the lighter, more free-draining soils overlying ironstone, which are located to the north-east, east and south. The potential for locating evidence of prehistoric activity is therefore considered to be low.

4.10.2 Anglo-Saxon cemeteries are known in the area, although no Saxon material is recorded on or in the vicinity of the site. Saxon settlement is likely to be located within the area that developed into the later medieval village and then into the town of Desborough, approximately 800m to the south-east of the site. Therefore, the potential for Saxon remains within the site is considered to be low.

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4.10.3 During the medieval and post-medieval periods, the site formed part of the open field system of Desborough, and is therefore unlikely to contain evidence of settlement or other activity. Ridge and furrow remains are visible within the site, particularly in the field south-west of Braybrooke Road. Apart from the ridge and furrow, the potential for medieval or post-medieval remains within the site is considered to be low.

4.10.4 The remains of ridge and furrow within the site are not listed among the examples identified for protection and management within the English Heritage thematic study ‘Turning the Plough’ (Hall 2001). Accordingly, since they do not meet the selection criteria, they are not considered worthy of preservation.

4.10.5 The study site is therefore considered to have a low potential for sub-surface archaeological remains, although a low-medium possibility is identified for Roman evidence. Never the less, it is anticipated that the County Archaeologist will seek a geophysical survey and targeted trial trenching of the site in the event that a planning application is submitted.

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5.0 SITE CONDITIONS AND THE PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT

5.1 Site Conditions

5.1.1 A site inspection was carried out on 18th January 2010 (Plates 1-4).

5.1.2 The study site is currently under pasture. Ridge and furrow earthworks in varying states of preservation were noted across much of the study. No other potential archaeological features were noted.

5.2 The Proposed Development

5.2.1 The proposed development is to comprise light industrial and commercial premises with associated infrastructure.

5.2.2 The nature of the development is such that large areas of the site will be subject to considerable disturbance which is likely to partly or completely remove any archaeological deposits that may be present. However, this assessment has identified no archaeological constraints that would prevent the future allocation of the site in the Rothwell and Desborough Urban Extension Area Action Plan.

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6.0 CONCLUSIONS

6.1 The assessment has identified no archaeological constraints that would prevent the allocation of the site in the Rothwell and Desborough Urban Extension Area Action Plan for development.

6.2 There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments, conservation areas, listed buildings, registered parks and gardens, or historic battlefields within, or in the vicinity of the proposed development site.

6.3 The site has a low potential for archaeological remains, although a low-medium potential for Roman deposits is a possibility. It can be anticipated that if a planning application is submitted, the County Archaeologist will require a geophysical survey followed by targeted evaluation trenching.

6.4 Remains of Medieval ridge and furrow, exist within the study site. However, a thematic study of ridge and furrow on behalf of English Heritage identified that this example is not considered to be worthy of preservation.

6.5 In these circumstances, it can be anticipated that if a planning application is submitted, the County Archaeologist will require a geophysical survey followed by targeted evaluation trenching. Any subsequent archaeological recording could then be secured by a planning condition based on the model in PPG 16 at paragraph 30.

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SOURCES CONSULTED

General

Northamptonshire Historic Environment Record Northamptonshire Record Office Northamptonshire Local Studies Library

Bibliographic

BAKER, G., 1822-1830. The History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton (in two volumes). London: John Bowyer.

BALLINGER, J. 2000 Northamptonshire Extensive Urban Survey: Desborough Northampton NCC/EH

EKWALL, E. 1991. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, 1984. Register of Parks and Gardens of special historic interest, Part 30 Northamptonshire. London: English Heritage.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, 1990. The Conservation Areas of England. London: English Heritage.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, 1990. The Conservation Areas in the East of England. London: English Heritage.

ENGLISH HERITAGE, c1994. Register of Historic Battlefields. London: English Heritage. [Naseby, Northampton]

ENGLISH HERITAGE, 1996. County List of Scheduled Monuments - Northamptonshire London: English Heritage.

FOARD, g. & BALLINGER, J. 2000 Northamptonshire Extensive Urban Survey: Rothwell Northampton NCC/EH

GOVER, J.E.B., MAWER, A. & STENTON, F.M., 1975. The Place-Names of Northamptonshire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

HALL, D., 1995. The Open Fields of Northamptonshire. Northampton: Northamptonshire Record Society.

HALL, D., 2001. Turning the Plough. Midland open fields: landscape character and proposals for management. English Heritage/Northamptonshire County Council.

HODGE, C.A.H., BURTON, R.G.O., CORBETT, W.M., EVANS, R., & SEALE, R.S., 1984. Soils and their Uses in Eastern England. Harpenden : SSEW

MARGERY, I.D., 1955. Roman Roads in Britain Vol. 1. South of the Foss Way - Bristol Channel. London: Phoenix House.

NORTHAMPTONSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGY UNIT, 1992. A6 Rothwell and Desborough Bypass Archaeological Evaluation, Stages I and II. Unpublished.

PEVSNER, N., & CHERRY, B., ed., 1973 The Buildings of England: Northamptonshire. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books

RCHME, 1979. An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in the County of Northampton. Volume II Archaeological Sites in Central Northamptonshire. London: HMSO.

RYLAND, W., ADKINS, D.& SERJEANTSON, R.M., eds., 1902. The Victoria History of the County of Northampton Volume One. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall 1970.

SAWYER, P.H. 1968. Anglo-Saxon Charters: an annotated list and bibliography. London: Royal Historical Society.

STEANE, J.M., 1974. The Northamptonshire Landscape. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

THORN, F. & C., eds., 1979. Domesday Book: 21, Northamptonshire. Chichester: Phillimore.

WHALLEY, REV. P., 1791. Bridges’ History and Antiquities of Northamptonshire (in two volumes). Oxford: s.n

YOUNGS, F.A., 1991. Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England Volume II: Northern England. London: Royal Historical Society.

FIGURES Note: All maps based upon Ordnance Survey are with the sanction of the Controller of H.M. Stationery Office, Crown Copyright Reserved Licence No: AL 100014723

Figure 1: Site Location

Figure 2: HER records within 500m of study site

Figure 3: HER records in wider vicinity mentioned in text

Figure 4: Pre-Inclosure plan

Figure 5: Desborough Inclosure award 1777

Figure 6: Ordnance Survey 6" Map, 1885

Figure 7: Ordnance Survey 6" Map, 1901

Figure 8: Ordnance Survey 6" Map, 1927

Plate 1: Ridge and furrow north of Braybrooke Road

Plate 2: Poorly preserved ridge and furrow south of railway line (HER 9980/0/6)

Plate 3: Ridge and furrow south of Braybrooke Road looking north

Plate 4: Ridge and furrow south of Braybrooke Road looking south

APPENDIX 1: Gazetteer of sites

HER Distance Description Date Number from site 2878/40 <500m Desborough Urban District Council Waterworks Modern 2878/66 <500m Recreation Ground, Braybrooke Road Modern 6124 <500m Midland Railway (Leicester - Kettering - Bedford - Hitchin) <500m Post- 7383/1 A6 (Formerly the Market Harborough to Kettering Turnpike) medieval 8475/1/2 <500m Ironstone mine Modern <500m Glendon Iron Co.; E.Fisher; Sheepbridge Coal & Iron Co.Ltd.; Modern 8476/1 Staverley Minerals Ltd. Desborough Quarry Pit (1907 to 1959) 8478/2 <500m Mineral Railway for Desborough Co-operative Society Quarries Modern <500m Post- 9143/0/1 Nether Moor, Far Nether Moor, Over Moor, Far Over Moor medieval <500m Post- medieval 9144/0/5 9144/0/6 9144/0/7 9144/0/35 Hedge seen on 1767 mapping <500m Post- 9145/0/10 medieval 9145/0/22 9145/0/3 9145/0/8 9145/0/9 Enclosure seen on 1767 mapping <500m Medieval / Post- 9980/0/1 Open Fields Project: Areas of Survival of Ridge & Furrow medieval Within Medieval / site Post- 9980/0/10 Block of Ridge & Furrow medieval <500m Medieval / Post- 9980/0/2 Open Fields Project: Areas of Survival of Ridge & Furrow medieval <500m Medieval / Post- 9980/0/3 Open Fields Project: Areas of Survival of Ridge & Furrow medieval Within Medieval / site Post- 9980/0/6 Open Fields Project: Areas of Survival of Ridge & Furrow medieval ENN8631 <500m Fieldwalking in connection with Desborough bypass Negative evidence 2878/0/14 >500m Ditches, track, pits & enclosure recorded during excavation Iron Age & 7 Roman 2878/0/14 >500m Track recorded during excavation Roman 8 3994 >500m Skeletons indicative of cemetery found in 1870s Roman 4012 >500m Funerary site Roman 4313 >500m BA collared urns found 1911 Prehistoric 4326/0/0 >500m BA food vessel & collared urn found c1906 Prehistoric 4249/1 >500m ? Cemetery Prehistoric/ Roman 4250 >500m ? Funerary site/settlement ? Roman/ Saxon 9262/0/0 >500m Find scatter indicative of settlement Roman 9310/0/0 >500m Significant Mesolithic flint scatter Prehistoric

APPENDIX 2: HLCA Important Sites and Landscapes

5.d Thorpe Malsor - Braybrooke Uplands

Scheduled Ancient Monuments • Braybrooke: Braybrooke Castle SAM 21674 Conservation Areas • Braybrooke • Rothwell • Thorpe Malsor Parks and Gardens • None Registered Battlefields • None Relict landscapes Open fields (including meadow): • Braybrooke Open Field remains (List B) plus wider area. • Part of - Great Oxendon Open Field remains (Turning the Plough /List A). Extends into area 1b. Other relict landscapes: • Part of - Northampton to Market Harborough turnpike (A508). • Part of – Leicester to Hitchin (via Kettering) railway. • Part of Market Harborough to Kettering turnpike (formerly the A6). • Line of former Rothwell Hill early C20th ironstone tramways located either side of the main road between Desborough and Rothwell. Other key sites Non SAMs: • Arthingworth, medieval settlement, moat, garden, fishponds and open field remains. Includes earthworks NW of village. • Rothwell, linear banks, possible hollow way and dam and pond to S of town and N of the A14. Other: • Part of – Kettering’s late Saxon charter boundary marked by field boundaries/ hedgerows. Ancient and Replanted Ancient Woodland • None

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