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TML Propagation Protocols
PROPAGATION PROTOCOLS This document is intended as a guide for Tamborine Mountain Landcare members who wish to assist our regeneration projects by growing some of the plants needed. It is a work in progress so if you have anything to add to the protocols – for example a different but successful way of propagating and growing a particular plant – then please give it to Julie Lake so she can add it to the document. The idea is that our shared knowledge and experience can become a valuable part of TML's intellectual property as well as a useful source of knowledge for members. As there are many hundreds of plants native to Tamborine Mountain, the protocols list will take a long time to complete, with growing information for each plant added alphabetically as time permits. While the list is being compiled by those members with competence in this field, any TML member with a query about propagating a particular plant can post it on the website for other me mb e r s to answer. To date, only protocols for trees and shrubs have been compiled. Vines and ferns will be added later. Fruiting times given are usual for the species but many rainforest plants flower and fruit opportunistically, according to weather and other conditions unknown to us, thus fruit can be produced at any time of year. Finally, if anyone would like a copy of the protocols, contact Julie on [email protected] and she’ll send you one. ………………….. Growing from seed This is the best method for most plants destined for regeneration projects for it is usually fast, easy and ensures genetic diversity in the regenerated landscape. -
PLANT COMMUNITY FIELD GUIDE Introduction to Rainforest
PLANT COMMUNITY FIELD GUIDE Introduction to Rainforest Communities Table of Contents (click to go to page) HCCREMS Mapping ....................................................................... 3 Field Data Sheet ............................................................................. 4 Which of the following descriptions best describes your site? ................................................................ 5 Which plant community is it? .......................................................... 9 Rainforest communities of the Lower Hunter .................................. 11 Common Rainforest Species of the Lower Hunter ........................................................................ 14 A picture guide to common rainforest species of the Lower Hunter ........................................................... 17 Weeding of Rainforest Remnants ................................................... 25 Rainforest Regeneration near Black Jacks Point ............................ 27 Protection of Rainforest Remnants in the Lower Hunter & the Re-establishment of Diverse, Indigenous Plant Communities ... 28 Guidelines for a rainforest remnant planting program ..................... 31 Threatened Species ....................................................................... 36 References ..................................................................................... 43 Acknowledgements......................................................................... 43 Image Credits ................................................................................ -
Eucalyptus Robusta NZ Myrtaceae Key - Online Edition Eucalyptus Robusta Sm
11/16/2020 Eucalyptus robusta NZ Myrtaceae Key - Online edition Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Common Names swamp mahogany, swamp messmate Origin Australia: coastal New South Wales to south-eastern Queensland. Cultivation In New Zealand predominantly cultivated for timber or amenity; very occasionally naturalised from nearby specimens. Distribution Mainly in northern coastal and lowland areas in the North Island of New Zealand. Distinguishing Features Tree with thick, fibrous, spongy, reddish-brown to grey-brown bark with deep longitudinal furrows, extending to the small branches. Mature leaves that are glossy, darker green on the upper side, paler beneath, strongly feather-veined. Long-stalked, spindle- or pear-shaped flower buds to 20 mm long and 9 mm wide, in clusters of 9–15. Fruit that are woody capsules, long-stalked, cylindrical to 18 mm long and 11 mm wide, with disc descending inside rim of capsule, and the three or four valve tips joined across the mouth of the capsule. Habit Tree to 30 m tall. Bark and Stem/Trunk Bark of main trunk thick, fibrous, spongy, reddish-brown to grey-brown, in elongated slabs with furrows between, extending to the small branches; ribbons absent. Hairs and adventitious roots absent. Young stems square in cross-section, sometimes winged. Leaves Mature leaves alternate, stalked, broadly lanceolate to ovate, feather-veined, tip pointed, base tapering to leaf stalk, glossy, dark green above and paler below, hairs absent, 85–170 mm long, 25–70 mm wide. Vein reticulation moderate to dense, main side-veins at a relatively wide angle to the midrib, intramarginal veins present just inside margin; oil glands usually inconspicuous; leaf stalk 15–30 mm long. -
Flying-Fox Dispersal Feasibility Study Cassia Wildlife Corridor, Coolum Beach and Tepequar Drive Roost, Maroochydore
Sunshine Coast Council Flying-Fox Dispersal Feasibility Study Cassia Wildlife Corridor, Coolum Beach and Tepequar Drive Roost, Maroochydore. Environmental Operations May 2013 0 | Page Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Flying-fox Mitigation Strategies .......................................................................................................... 2 State and Federal Permits ................................................................................................................... 4 Roost Management Plan .................................................................................................................... 4 Risk ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Flying-fox Dispersal Success in Australia ............................................................................................. 6 References .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Cassia Wildlife Corridor ................................................................................................................ 8 Background ........................................................................................................................................ -
Fig Parrot Husbandry
Made available at http://www.aszk.org.au/Husbandry%20Manuals.htm with permission of the author AVIAN HUSBANDRY NOTES FIG PARROTS MACLEAY’S FIG PARROT Cyclopsitta diopthalma macleayana BAND SIZE AND SPECIAL BANDING REQUIREMENTS - Band size 3/16” - Donna Corporation Band Bands must be metal as fig parrots are vigorous chewers and will destroy bands made of softer material. SEXING METHODS - Fig Parrots can be sexed visually, when mature (approximately 1 year). Males - Lower cheeks and centre of forehead red; remainder of facial area blue, darker on sides of forehead, paler and more greenish around eyes. Females - General plumage duller and more yellowish than male; centre of forehead red; lower cheeks buff - brown with bluish markings; larger size (Forshaw,1992). ADULT WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS - Male - Wing: 83-90 mm Tail : 34-45 mm Exp. cul: 13-14 mm Tars: 13-14 mm Weight : 39-43 g Female - Wing: 79-89 mm Tail: 34-45 mm Exp.cul: 13-14 mm Tars: 13-14 mm Weight : 39-43 g (Crome & Shield, 1992) Orange-breasted Fig Parrot Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii Edwards Fig Parrot Psittaculirostris edwardsii Salvadori’s Fig Parrot Psittaculirostris salvadorii Desmarest Fig Parrot Psittaculirostris desmarestii Fig Parrot Husbandry Manual – Draft September2000 Compiled by Liz Romer 1 Made available at http://www.aszk.org.au/Husbandry%20Manuals.htm with permission of the author NATURAL HISTORY Macleay’s Fig Parrot 1.0 DISTRIBUTION Macleay’s Fig Parrot inhabits coastal and contiguous mountain rainforests of north - eastern Queensland, from Mount Amos, near Cooktown, south to Cardwell, and possibly the Seaview Range. This subspecies is particularly common in the Atherton Tableland region and near Cairns where it visits fig trees in and around the town to feed during the breeding season (Forshaw,1992). -
Non-Expressway Master Plant List
MASTER PLANT LIST GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO PLANT LISTS Plants are living organisms. They possess variety in form, foliage and flower color, visual texture and ultimate size. There is variation in plants of the same species. Plants change: with seasons, with time and with the environment. Yet here is an attempt to categorize and catalogue a group of plants well suited for highway and expressway planting in Santa Clara County. This is possible because in all the existing variety of plants, there still remains a visual, morphological and taxonomical distinction among them. The following lists and identification cards emphasize these distinctions. 1 of 6 MASTER PLANT LIST TREES Acacia decurrens: Green wattle Acacia longifolia: Sydney golden wattle Acacia melanoxylon: Blackwood acacia Acer macrophyllum: Bigleaf maple Aesculus californica: California buckeye Aesculus carnea: Red horsechestnut Ailanthus altissima: Tree-of-heaven Albizia julibrissin: Silk tree Alnus cordata: Italian alder Alnus rhombifolia: White alder Arbutus menziesii: Madrone Calocedrus decurrens: Incense cedar Casuarina equisetifolia: Horsetail tree Casuarina stricta: Coast beefwood Catalpa speciosa: Western catalpa Cedrus deodara: Deodar cedar Ceratonia siliqua: Carob Cinnamomum camphora: Camphor Cordyline australis: Australian dracena Crataegus phaenopyrum: Washington thorn Cryptomeria japonica: Japanese redwood Cupressus glabra: Arizona cypress Cupressus macrocarpa: Monterey cypress Eriobotrya japonica: Loquat Eucalyptus camaldulensis: Red gum Eucalyptus citriodora: Lemon-scented -
Ficus Rubiginosa 1 (X /2)
KEY TO GROUP 4 Plants with a milky white sap present – latex. Although not all are poisonous, all should be treated with caution, at least initially. (May need to squeeze the broken end of the stem or petiole). The plants in this group belong to the Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, and Sapotaceae. Although an occasional vine in the Convolvulaceae which, has some watery/milky sap will key to here, please refer to Group 3. (3.I, 3.J, 3.K) A. leaves B. leaves C. leaves alternate opposite whorled 1 Leaves alternate on the twigs (see sketch A), usually shrubs and 2 trees, occasionally a woody vine or scrambler go to Group 4.A 1* Leaves opposite (B) or whorled (C), i.e., more than 2 arising at the same level on the twigs go to 2 2 Herbs usually less than 60 cm tall go to Group 4.B 2* Shrubs or trees usually taller than 1 m go to Group 4.C 1 (All Apocynaceae) Ficus obliqua 1 (x /2) Ficus rubiginosa 1 (x /2) 2 GROUP 4.A Leaves alternate, shrubs or trees, occasional vine (chiefly Moraceae, Sapotaceae). Ficus spp. (Moraceae) Ficus, the Latin word for the edible fig. About 9 species have been recorded for the Island. Most, unless cultivated, will be found only in the dry rainforest areas or closed forest, as in Nelly Bay. They are distinguished by the latex which flows from all broken portions; the alternate usually leathery leaves; the prominent stipule (↑) which encloses the terminal bud and the “fig” (↑) or syconia. This fleshy receptacle bears the flowers on the inside; as the seeds mature the receptacle enlarges and often softens (Think of the edible fig!). -
Ficus Plants for Hawai'i Landscapes
Ornamentals and Flowers May 2007 OF-34 Ficus Plants for Hawai‘i Landscapes Melvin Wong Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences icus, the fig genus, is part of the family Moraceae. Many ornamental Ficus species exist, and probably FJackfruit, breadfruit, cecropia, and mulberry also the most colorful one is Ficus elastica ‘Schrijveriana’ belong to this family. The objective of this publication (Fig. 8). Other Ficus elastica cultivars are ‘Abidjan’ (Fig. is to list the common fig plants used in landscaping and 9), ‘Decora’ (Fig. 10), ‘Asahi’ (Fig. 11), and ‘Gold’ (Fig. identify some of the species found in botanical gardens 12). Other banyan trees are Ficus lacor (pakur tree), in Hawai‘i. which can be seen at Foster Garden, O‘ahu, Ficus When we think of ficus (banyan) trees, we often think benjamina ‘Comosa’ (comosa benjamina, Fig. 13), of large trees with aerial roots. This is certainly accurate which can be seen on the UH Mänoa campus, Ficus for Ficus benghalensis (Indian banyan), Ficus micro neriifolia ‘Nemoralis’ (Fig. 14), which can be seen at carpa (Chinese banyan), and many others. Ficus the UH Lyon Arboretum, and Ficus rubiginosa (rusty benghalensis (Indian banyan, Fig. 1) are the large ban fig, Fig. 15). yans located in the center of Thomas Square in Hono In tropical rain forests, many birds and other animals lulu; the species is also featured in Disneyland (although feed on the fruits of different Ficus species. In Hawaii the tree there is artificial). Ficus microcarpa (Chinese this can be a negative feature, because large numbers of banyan, Fig. -
Pollinated by Pleistodontes Imperialis. (Ficus Carica); Most
The Port Jackson, or Rusty Fig, is yet another handsome Australian native fig, common in eastern Australia, from near the NSW/Victorian border in the south, to the very tip of Cape York in far north Queensland. This fig can grow on its own roots, but often starts life as a lithophyte (growing on rock) or as a hemiparasite (growing on other plants). Port Jackson Fig, as the name suggests, can be seen on many rocky headlands of Sydney Harbour. It commonly occurs on the margins of rainforests, in vine thickets and in riverine vegetation. In appearance, it’s not unlike a smaller version of the Moreton Bay Fig, Ficus macrophylla and, like the Moreton Bay Fig, is not only popular for planting in urban parks and gardens, but in miniature, as a bonsai plant. Most fig species are pollinated by just one species of fig wasp. In this case, the Port Jackson Fig is pollinated by Pleistodontes imperialis. There are perhaps 750 species of Ficus worldwide, including the edible fig (Ficus carica); most occur in tropical and sub-tropical regions, Typical habitat for Ficus with some species rubiginosa – on rocky sandstone headlands of Sydney Harbour. (Ficus carica, the edible fig, for example) occur in temperate parts of the world. Figs (Ficus spp.) belong to the plant family Moraceae, which also includes Mulberries (Morus spp.), Breadfruit and Jackfruit (Artocarpus spp.). Think of a mulberry, and imagine it turned inside out. This might perhaps bear some resemblance to a fig. Ficus rubiginosa growing on a sandstone platform adjoining mangroves. Branches of one can be seen in the foreground, a larger one at the rear. -
Ficus Rubiginosa F. Rubiginosa Click on Images to Enlarge
Species information Abo ut Reso urces Hom e A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Ficus rubiginosa f. rubiginosa Click on images to enlarge Family Moraceae Scientific Name Ficus rubiginosa Desf. ex Vent. f. rubiginosa Ventenat, E.P. (1805) Jard. Malm. : 114. Type: New Holland; holo: FI. Fide Dixon et al. (2001). Leaves and figs. Copyright G. Sankowsky Common name Fig; Small-leaved Fig; Larger Small-leaved Fig; Larger Small Leaf Fig; Fig, Larger Small Leaf; Fig, Small-leaved Stem A strangling fig, hemi-epiphyte or lithophyte to 30 m. Leaves Figs. Copyright G. Sankowsky Petioles and twigs produce a milky exudate. Stipules about 2-6 cm long, usually smooth on the outer surface, occasionally hairy. Petioles to 4 cm long, channelled on the upper surface. Leaf blades rather variable in shape, about 6-10 x 2-3 cm; leaves hairy. Flowers Tepals glabrous. Male flowers dispersed among the fruitlets in the ripe figs. Anthers reniform. Stigma cylindric, papillose, often slightly coiled. Bracts at the base of the fig, two. Lateral bracts not present on the outside of the fig body. Fruit Scale bar 10mm. Copyright CSIRO Figs pedunculate, globose, about 10-18 mm diam. Orifice triradiate, +/- closed by inflexed internal bracts. Seedlings Cotyledons ovate-oblong, about 5 mm long. At the tenth leaf stage: leaves ovate, apex acute or bluntly acute, base obtuse or cordate, margin entire, glabrous, somewhat triplinerved at the base; oil dots not visible; stipules large, sheathing the terminal bud, about 20-40 mm long. -
Ficus Macrophylla
Ficus macrophylla COMMON NAME Moreton Bay fig FAMILY Moraceae AUTHORITY Ficus macrophylla Desf. ex Pers. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Exotic STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons HABITAT Commonly planted ornamental. The seed is bird dispersed and seedlings usually start as epiphytes (so difficult to detect until well-established); as they mature they can overwhelm and kill the supporting tree. Common tree hosts include Phoenix canariensis, Butia spp., pohutukawa, titoki and plane trees. May also establish on stone walls and old buildings. SIMILAR TAXA Ficus elastica (rubber plant) is often cultivated (mainly indoors in cooler climates). Its leaves have many parallel and equal-sized veins (see photos) extending from the midrib whereas F. macrophylla has reticulated (network of) veins, some more prominent than others. Some parks around the world have F. macrophylla incorrectly labelled as ‘rubber trees’. Immature fruit. Bason Reserve, Wanganui. FLOWER COLOURS Photographer: Colin Ogle Green LIFE CYCLE Long lived tree. Reproduces by seed. Small, long-lived are dispersed by birds and gravity. ORIGIN Australia REASON FOR INTRODUCTION Ornamental Immature fruit. Bason Reserve, Wanganui. TOLERANCES Photographer: Colin Ogle Cold intolerant ETYMOLOGY ficus: The Latin name for fig tree, possibly derived from the Hebrew word fag macrophylla: Big leaf REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING Ogle, Colin; Ogle, Robyn (2010): Pollination, fruiting and spread of Moreton Bay fig (Ficus macrophylla) in New Zealand, with notes on other Ficus species New Zealand Botanical Soc. Newsletter 100: 9-13 MORE INFORMATION https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/ficus-macrophylla/. -
The Following Tree Seedlings Are Available to Order from the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State Tree Nursery
The following tree seedlings are available to order from the State of Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State Tree Nursery: Scientific Name: Common Name: Dibble/ Pot size: Acacia koa……………………… Koa……………………………….. Small Acacia koaia……………………... Koai’a……………………………. Small Araucaria columnaris…………….. Norfolk-island Pine……………… Small Cryptomeria japonica……………. Sugi Pine………………………… Small Cupressus lusitanica……………... Mexican Cypress………………… Small Cupressus macrocarpa…………… Monterey Cypress……………….. Small Cupressus simpervirens………….. Italian Cypress…………………… Medium Eucalyptus deglupta……………… Rainbow Bark……………………. Small Eucalyptus robusta……………….. Swamp Mahogany……………….. Small Metrosideros polymorpha……….. Ohia……………………………… Medium or 3” pot Pinus elliotii……………………… Slash Pine………………………... Small Pinus radiata……………………... Monterey Pine…………………… Small Podocarpus sp……………………. Podocarpus………………………. 3” pot Santalum sp……………………… Sandalwood……………………… Medium or 3” pot Tristania conferta………………… Brush Box………………………... Small Acacia koa (Koa): This large hardwood tree is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. The tree has exceeded 100 ft in height with basal diameter far beyond 50 inches in old growth stands. The wood is prized for furniture and canoe works. This legume has pods with black seeds for reproduction. The wood has similar properties to that of black walnut. The yellow flowers are borne in dense round heads about 2@ in diameter. Tree growth is best above 800 ft; seems to grow best in the ‘Koa belt’ which is situated at an elevation range between 3,500 - 6,000 ft. It is often found in areas where there is fog in the late afternoons. It should be planted in well- drained fertile soils. Grazing animals relish the Koa foliage, so young seedlings should be protected Acacia koaia (Koaia): Related to the Koa, Koaia is native to Hawaii. The leaves and flowers are much the same as Koa.