December 2020
Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Volume 2: Appendices About us
Infrastructure Victoria is an independent advisory body with three functions:
\ preparing a 30-Year infrastructure strategy for Victoria, which is refreshed every three to five years
\ providing written advice to government on specific infrastructure matters
\ publishing research on infrastructure-related issues.
Infrastructure Victoria also supports the development of sectoral infrastructure plans by government departments and agencies.
The aim of Infrastructure Victoria is to take a long-term, evidence-based view of infrastructure planning and inform community discussion about infrastructure provision.
Infrastructure Victoria does not directly oversee or fund infrastructure projects.
Aboriginal acknowledgment
Infrastructure Victoria acknowledges the Traditional Owners of Country in Victoria and pays respect to their elders past and present, as well as elders of other Aboriginal communities. We recognise that the state’s infrastructure is built on land that has been managed by Aboriginal people for millennia. Contents
Appendix A: Pg: Draft recommendations by sector 04
Appendix B: Timing of draft recommendations 08
Appendix C: Methodology 15
Appendix D: Review of 2016 recommendations 28
Appendix E: State of infrastructure 112
Appendix F: Legislative requirements 150 04 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Appendix A
Draft recommendations by sector
This appendix lists the draft recommendations that align with the nine infrastructure sectors listed in the Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017-22. For the transport sector, we further categorise those relating to public transport; active transport and micro-mobility; roads, parking and private vehicles; and freight. We also include a tenth sector: land use planning, to capture potential changes relating to the land use planning system. Some draft recommendations will appear more than once where they pertain to more than one sector. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix A 05
01. Transport 1B. Active transport 51. Incorporate congestion pricing sector and micro-mobility for all new metropolitan freeways 19. Incorporate personal mobility 52. Trial full-scale congestion pricing devices in regulation in inner Melbourne 1A. Public transport 32. Produce public plans for priority 53. Trial demand-responsive pricing on 18. Facilitate integration of public infrastructure sectors parking in inner Melbourne transport with new mobility services 33. Publish Victoria’s transport plan 54. Price parking at major public 20. Transform road network operations transport hubs, all train stations 37. Develop an interconnected open for all current and future modes and park-and-rides space network 32. Produce public plans for priority 55. Phase out fixed road user charges 38. Partner with local governments to fund infrastructure sectors and introduce user pays charging pedestrian infrastructure 33. Publish Victoria’s transport plan 63. Connect suburban jobs through 39. Transform cycling in Melbourne, premium buses and road upgrades 41. Reallocate road space to priority Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong transport modes 67. Protect a future option for a new 40. Improve walking and cycling data cross-city motorway 42. Redesign tram routes to better estimate travel impacts and benefits 68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure 43. Activate urban renewal delivery in growing communities with new tram links 41. Reallocate road space to priority transport modes 70. Expand and upgrade Melbourne’s 44. Plan for public transport accessibility, outer suburban road network including tram stop upgrades 68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure delivery in growing communities 77. Deliver funding certainty for regional 45. Adopt peak and off-peak public road maintenance and upgrades transport fares 1C. Roads, parking 46. Price each public transport and private vehicles 1D. Freight mode differently 01. Accelerate the uptake of zero 01. Accelerate the uptake of 47. Abolish the free tram zone emissions vehicles zero emissions vehicles
49. Appoint an independent transport 17. Prepare for increasingly automated 24. Optimise capacity at the pricing adviser vehicle fleets Port of Melbourne
54. Price parking at major public 20. Transform road network operations 25. Act now to protect the future transport hubs, all train stations for all current and future modes Bay West Port option and park-and-rides 27. Construct an outer metropolitan 26. Purchase land for Melbourne’s 62. Reshape the metropolitan bus network road and rail corridor future freight terminals
63. Connect suburban jobs through 32. Produce public plans for priority 27. Construct an outer metropolitan road premium buses and road upgrades infrastructure sectors and rail corridor
64. Increase suburban rail corridor services 33. Publish Victoria’s transport plan 32. Produce public plans for priority and capacity infrastructure sectors 41. Reallocate road space to priority 65. Reconfigure the City Loop transport modes 33. Publish Victoria’s transport plan for cross-city train services 48. Remove annual charges while 67. Protect a future option for a new 66. Prepare for Melbourne Metro Two introducing distance-based cross-city motorway pricing for electric vehicles 68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure 77. Deliver funding certainty for regional delivery in growing communities 49. Appoint an independent road maintenance and upgrades transport pricing adviser 69. Expand rail access in outer suburbs 78. Revise the Murray Basin Rail project 50. Increase and extend the Melbourne plan 85. Reform regional public transport Congestion Levy on parking to meet local needs 79. Fund an ongoing regional rail freight maintenance program 06 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
02. Culture, sport 60. Expand the legislated definition of 05. Mandate a home energy rating critical infrastructure and improve disclosure scheme and community information flows 06. Make Victorian Government buildings 80. Continue to address regional more energy efficient 32. Produce public plans for Victoria's digital connectivity gaps priority infrastructure sectors 07. Reduce peak electricity use with 86. Improve resilience of regional demand management pricing 56. Require accessible buildings telecommunications infrastructure for public services 08. Allow new gas-free housing estates 87. Fund regional libraries to provide better and review current gas policies 59. Build back better after emergencies internet access 59. Build back better after emergencies 68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure 88. Use rural schools for children’s delivery in growing communities 81. Upgrade power supply for agriculture specialist and allied telehealth services and regional manufacturing 72. Co-design an Aboriginal Community- Controlled Infrastructure Plan 95. Make social housing suitable for changing local climates 82. Plan for future investments in regional 04. Education nature-based tourism infrastructure and training 83. Develop a Victorian Aboriginal 06. Environment tourism strategy 32. Produce public plans for priority 84. Boost tourism infrastructure infrastructure sectors 09. Specify climate scenarios and carbon by allowing more national parks 56. Require accessible buildings value in assessing infrastructure to grant long leases for public services 10. Strategically review climate 87. Fund regional libraries to 59. Build back better after emergencies consequences for infrastructure provide better internet access 68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure 16. Invest in protecting Victoria’s coasts 89. Deliver multipurpose shared social delivery in growing communities 28. Facilitate improved recycling service facilities in the regions 88. Use rural schools for children’s infrastructure for priority materials 90. Support regional councils to update, specialist and allied telehealth services 29. Strengthen end markets for repurpose or retire outdated community recycled materials infrastructure 89. Deliver multipurpose shared social service facilities in the regions 30. Address barriers to recycling and 91. Create climate-adapted reducing waste facilities for rural communities 93. Fund more Youth Foyers in regional Victoria 31. Minimise waste and improve residual waste infrastructure planning 03. Digital 32. Produce public plans for priority connectivity 05. Energy infrastructure sectors 37. Develop an interconnected open space 01. Accelerate the uptake of zero network 17. Prepare for increasingly automated emissions vehicles vehicle fleets 71. Target 30% tree canopy coverage 02. Augment electricity transmission for in new growth areas 18. Facilitate integration of public transport renewable energy and resilience with new mobility services 82. Plan for future investments in regional 03. Identify and coordinate priority nature-based tourism infrastructure 20. Transform road network operations Renewable Energy Zones for all current and future modes 84. Boost tourism infrastructure by allowing 04. Require 7-star energy-rated new more national parks to grant long 21. Use innovation to deliver better homes in 2022, increasing towards leases models of health care 8 stars by 2025 91. Create climate-adapted facilities for 22. Modernise courts through digitisation rural communities and contemporary shared facilities 95. Make social housing suitable for 23. Improve technology and infrastructure changing local climates for a responsive police service Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix A 07
07. Health and 08. Justice and 10. Land use human services emergency planning services 21. Use innovation to deliver better 03. Identify and coordinate priority models of health care 22. Modernise courts through digitisation Renewable Energy Zones 32. Produce public plans for priority and contemporary shared facilities 08. Allow new gas-free housing estates infrastructure sectors 23. Improve technology and infrastructure and review current gas policies 36. Deliver very low income housing for a responsive police service 17. Prepare for increasingly automated with inclusionary zoning 32. Produce public plans for priority vehicle fleets 56. Require accessible buildings for infrastructure sectors 19. Incorporate personal mobility public services 56. Require accessible buildings for devices in regulation 57. Rapidly renew old public housing public services 25. Act now to protect the future Bay West Port option 58. Upgrade and rebuild public hospital 59. Build back better after emergencies infrastructure 60. Expand the legislated definition of 32. Produce public plans for priority infrastructure sectors 59. Build back better after emergencies critical infrastructure and improve information flows 33. Publish Victoria’s transport plan 60. Expand the legislated definition of critical infrastructure and improve 61. Incorporate lessons of emergency 34. Review Victoria’s infrastructure information flows reviews contribution system to cover gaps
68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure 68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure 35. Support more homes in priority delivery in growing communities delivery in growing communities established places
72. Co-design an Aboriginal Community- 76. Plan and consistently deliver corrections 36. Deliver very low income housing Controlled Infrastructure Plan and youth justice infrastructure while with inclusionary zoning managing demand with policy settings 73. Set targets to grow social housing 37. Develop an interconnected open 86. Improve resilience of regional space network 74. Build new hospital capacity telecommunications infrastructure 68. Prioritise and oversee infrastructure 75. Deliver infrastructure for a better delivery in growing communities mental health system 71. Target 30% tree canopy coverage 88. Use rural schools for children’s 09. Water in new growth areas specialist and allied telehealth services
89. Deliver multipurpose shared social 11. Consider all water supply sources service facilities in the regions 12. Progress integrated water cycle 90. Support regional councils to update, management repurpose or retire outdated community 13. Improve decision-making for infrastructure urban water investment 91. Create climate-adapted facilities 14. Strengthen agricultural water security for rural communities by modernising irrigation 92. Build regional residential alcohol 15. Upgrade Victoria’s emergency and drug rehabilitation facilities water network 93. Fund more Youth Foyers in regional 32. Produce public plans for priority Victoria infrastructure sectors 94. Expand social housing in regional centres, in locations with good access
95. Make social housing suitable for changing local climates 08 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Appendix B
Timing of draft recommendations
This appendix shows the proposed draft timing for each of the draft recommendations. Where different components of the draft recommendation have different timing, they have been shown separately. Infrastructure Victoria will review timings before publishing the final strategy. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix B 09
Key Short term Medium term Long term 01. Confront long term challenges up to 2026 up to 2036 up to 2051
2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051
1 Begin transitioning buses, coaches, and government vehicles to zero emissions
Incentivise zero emissions freight vehicles
Develop design standards and payment principles for charging infrastructure
Consider policy levers to phase out internal combustion engine vehicles
2 Support augmentation of critical electricity transmission infrastructure
3 Identify and coordinate development of priority Renewable Energy Zones
4 Require all new homes to achieve a minimum 7.0 star rating
Increase minimum rating towards 8.0 stars
5 Develop a home energy efficiency disclosure scheme
6 Mandate stronger minimum energy efficiency standards in government buildings
7 Encourage demand management electricity pricing
8 Allow new development to proceed without mandatory gas connection
Review all gas policies for mitigation and transition strategies
9 Integrate climate risks into infrastructure assessment
10 Strategically review climate consequences for infrastructure
11 Consider all water sources for supply augmentation
12 Accelerate progress toward an integrated model of water cycle management
13 Allocate the roles and responsibilities for major water supply augmentation
14 Contribute funding toward planning and delivery of irrigation modernisation projects
15 Assess the condition, capacity and security of emergency water supply points
Clarify ongoing responsibility for maintenance and funding
16 Invest in coastal protection upgrades and maintenance
17 Update transport regulations to allow automated vehicles on roads
Upgrade roads and communications infrastructure for automated vehicles
Develop policy, business case and land use planning guidance 10 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
01. Confront long term challenges Key Short term Medium term Long term cont'd up to 2026 up to 2036 up to 2051
2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051
18 Develop open access ticketing platforms to integrate new mobility services
Remove public transport contract barriers to integration
19 Incorporate national rules for personal mobility devices
Develop a standard and statewide regulatory framework
Update active transport design standards for personal mobility devices
20 Integrate management systems for different road-based transport modes
21 Fund a comprehensive statewide health innovation strategy
22 Digitise suitable court systems and procedures
Invest in new, contemporary, adaptable, multi-jurisdictional court facilities
23 Invest in technological capacity to support a responsive police service
Deliver infrastructure to enable a contemporary hub-and-spoke policing model
24 Progressively optimise the Port of Melbourne's capacity
Actively take steps to manage amenity for community acceptance
25 Identify and secure land and apply planning protection for a future Bay West Port
Commence and continue environmental monitoring
Begin detailed planning for a future Bay West Port
26 Buy land and develop business cases for new freight terminals
27 Determine staging for the outer metro rail and road corridor
Construct the E6 motorway
Progressively construct the outer metro road and rail corridor
28 Focus efforts to increase and upgrade waste infrastructure on six priority materials
Facilitate increased recovery and reprocessing for paper and card, plastics and organics
Revisit funding mechanisms and align recycling with land use planning
29 Update standards and specifications for recycled materials
Explicitly require the public sector to use recycled materials where feasible
Support research, development and demonstrations for recycled products Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix B 11
2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051
30 Reduce recycling contamination with consistency in waste collection
Define and implement behaviour change programs to reduce contamination
Maintain further behaviour change programs
31 Improve infrastructure planning for managing residual waste
Clarify the role of waste-to-energy facilities
Invest in waste avoidance through behaviour change programs, pricing, regulation and incentives
Key Short term Medium term Long term 02. Manage urban change up to 2026 up to 2036 up to 2051
2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051
32 Develop and publish long-term infrastructure plans for priority sectors
33 Immediately develop and publish Victoria's integrated transport plan
Require transport and land use plans to align with each other
34 Review Victoria's many infrastructure contributions schemes
35 Identify new priority locations in established suburbs for residential intensification
Review planning settings to allow increased housing density
Establish design panel reviews for development applications
36 Change planning rules to provide affordable housing during re-zoning
37 Directly fund interconnected open space and urban tree canopy extension
Reform the developer open space contribution scheme
38 Fund pedestrian infrastructure upgrades in partnership with local councils
39 Deliver separated cycle ways and invest in bicycle parking facilities
40 Develop better walking and cycling information and data
Incorporate better data into transport models for planning and appraisal
41 Immediately begin delivery of road space allocation initiatives
Adopt a 5-year target for delivery of further road space initiatives
Legislate for faster, simpler road space allocation decision-making 12 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
02. Manage urban change cont'd Key Short term Medium term Long term up to 2026 up to 2036 up to 2051
2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051
42 Reserve land for future tram depots
Redesign tram routes, including short shuttle routes in inner Melbourne
43 Fund the northern Fishermans Bend tram connection
Commit to delivering an Arden tram extension, and Maribyrnong if required
44 Release a new Accessible Public Transport Action Plan
Fund public transport accessibility upgrades, including for priority tram stops
45 Introduce permanent peak and off-peak public transport fares
Discontinue payment options that undermine demand management
46 Introduce different fares on each public transport mode
47 Abolish the free tram zone
48 Remove annual up-front charges while introducing a distance-based road user charge for electric vehicles
49 Appoint an independent body to advise on and monitor transport prices
50 Review the Melbourne Congestion Levy to increase and extend it
51 Apply congestion reducing tolls to all new metropolitan freeways
52 Trial full-scale congestion pricing in inner Melbourne
53 Trial demand-responsive pricing on street and council controlled parking in inner Melbourne
54 Introduce pricing of parking at major public transport hubs, all train stations and park-and-rides
55 Replace fixed road user charges with variable distance-based and congestion prices
56 Establish an accessibility upgrade fund to meet accessibility standards
Require government services to be delivered from accessible premises
57 Rapidly renew at least half of all older low-rise apartments and older three-bedroom detached dwellings
58 Complete renewal of the Royal Melbourne Hospital
Complete planning for upgrading and rebuilding the Alfred and Austin Hospitals
59 Consider policy changes and funding for more resilient infrastructure
60 Consider expanding the legislated definition of critical infrastructure
Expand information sharing capabilities across sectors Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix B 13
03. Harness infrastructure for Key Short term Medium term Long term productivity and growth up to 2026 up to 2036 up to 2051
2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051
61 Incorporate and act on bushfire, pandemic and other reviews underway
62 Reshape the bus network in northwest and southeast Melbourne
Continue these reforms elsewhere
Revise the coverage standard and use more flexible bus services
63 Create new premium bus services and better roads in outer Melbourne
Consider using a better premium bus service instead of trams to Rowville
64 Continue to improve frequency for metropolitan train services
Develop and deliver a 15-year network service upgrade program for train corridors
65 Reconfigure the City Loop to allow for more cross-city train services
66 Complete the MM2 business case to protect the land for it
Introduce premium bus services between Newport and Fishermans Bend, and between Victoria Park and Parkville
67 Determine an updated future alignment for a potential cross-city motorway and preserve the option for constructing it
68 Empower an entity to monitor and advise on new growth area and urban renewal precinct infrastructure delivery
Develop program business cases for necessary growth area and priority precinct infrastructure
69 Complete plans to expand access to rail services in growth areas and purchase remaining land required
Introduce premium bus services toward Clyde, Wollert and the Mornington Peninsula
Develop business cases to improve the Melton, Wallan and Wyndham Vale corridors, and a feasibility study for a Wollert public transport corridor
70 Deliver a program of upgrades to Melbourne's arterial roads and freeways
71 Achieve 30% tree canopy coverage in new growth areas
72 Commence a co-design process to develop an Aboriginal Community-Controlled Infrastructure Plan
73 Set and reach a social housing growth target of 4.5 dwellings for every 100 households
74 Reserve land for future hospital sites
Build new public hospital capacity to meet future needs
75 Establish a dedicated mental health infrastructure fund 14 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
04. Develop regional Victoria Key Short term Medium term Long term up to 2026 up to 2036 up to 2051
2021 2026 2031 2036 2041 2046 2051
76 Undertake long-term corrections and youth justice infrastructure planning
Deliver a pipeline of corrections and youth justice infrastructure
77 Specify clear levels of service for each type of regional road and bridge
Dedicate an ongoing program to fund maintenance and upgrades
78 Revise the Murray Basin Rail project plan
79 Fund an ongoing periodic regional freight rail maintenance program
80 Continue delivering regional digital connectivity improvements
Review the need for further government investment following the Digital Future Now initiative
81 Contribute toward strategic power supply infrastructure upgrades for agriculture and regional manufacturing
82 Develop a Victorian nature-based tourism strategy for guidance
83 Partner to develop a Victorian Aboriginal tourism strategy
84 Allow more national parks to grant leases for up to 49 years
85 Redirect funding to re-designed, integrated local transport services
86 Develop more resilient regional telecommunications infrastructure
87 Fund regional libraries to improve fast, free internet access
88 Retrofit or better use select rural schools for children's specialist and allied telehealth services
Begin with a trial in Wimmera Southern Mallee
89 Undertake collaborative planning for regional social services
Deliver regional multipurpose facilities in partnership
90 Fund regional councils to update, repurpose or retire outdated infrastructure
91 Fund local governments to plan and help deliver accessible climate-adapted facilities
92 Build regional residential detoxification and rehabilitation facilities
93 Fund more Youth Foyers in regional Victoria
94 Expand social housing investments in regional centres
95 Modify social housing to be climate resilient Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix C 15
Appendix C
Methodology
This appendix documents the approach and method Infrastructure Victoria has used to produce this draft strategy. 16 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
This updated draft strategy extends and modelling has been commissioned to the final recommendations it makes develops the ideas in the 2016 strategy. We and developed to forecast the growth within 12 months and develop a new five have undertaken an extensive research and and development of our state. This has year Victorian Infrastructure Plan to engagement process in regional Victoria to helped us to develop a solid evidence base implement its response. Beyond Victoria’s identify regional infrastructure needs, and for the draft recommendations in this draft government and parliament, this document this draft strategy reflects a greater strategy update. intends to deliver for the people of Victoria, emphasis on regional infrastructure. We who rely on infrastructure for their lifestyles continue to focus on integrating land use This draft strategy has been developed and livelihoods, and help inform the and infrastructure planning by identifying during the global COVID-19 pandemic. public service agencies, business, local and developing draft recommendations to This has necessarily altered our views and governments and community organisations, improve upon it. And, as always, this draft challenged the assumptions underlying the who plan, manage and invest in strategy will incorporate an extensive 2016 strategy. In part, we have accounted infrastructure for Victoria’s communities. consultation and engagement program for the pandemic’s impacts by considering to inform the final recommendations in different modelling scenarios, including the final strategy. those with lower population growth than the official Victorian Government projection. 01. Values The methodology for updating an We also recognise that as the trajectory existing strategy is necessarily different to Infrastructure Victoria has six values following the pandemic becomes clearer, developing one for the first time. We begin that underpin all our work, documented we will need to continue adjusting our with a fully developed existing strategy, in our Corporate Plan 2019-2022. perspective. We are undertaking extra rather than a multitude of potential options. They have guided our approach to modelling to further project the effects of As such, we took an approach of reviewing, developing this draft strategy. revising, developing and supplementing behavioural change, including, for instance, the potential of greater working from home an existing set of recommendations, Independence rather than beginning again from a blank to affect transport demand in the future. slate. We also carefully considered how to We will consider these effects to inform We exercise our independence present the revised draft recommendations the final strategy. with integrity. It provides us freedom as an integrated approach to Victoria’s to challenge, consider new ideas and The draft recommendations focus on a infrastructure. create consensus. range of infrastructure sectors in different development settings. They seek to further Two years ago, when work began on this Influence draft updated strategy, it logically followed the discussion of where and how Victoria the work and experiences which had come grows and changes. As in the 2016 We aim to influence infrastructure before. The 2016 strategy was both the strategy, these draft recommendations decision-making. We build trust and context for, and the foundation of, this have adhered to our principles of prioritising influence through excellent, evidence- draft updated strategy. In developing it, we changed behaviour to manage demand, based advice. examined our original recommendations, better use existing assets, and delivering 1 the Victorian Government’s response, new infrastructure. Innovation the actions taken to implement the We will do further work following the We are bold, creative and open to change recommendations, and what other factors publication of this draft strategy, such as and new ideas. We look around the world for may have changed during the interim. conducting extra modelling, including to ways to make Victoria a better place to live. This draft updated strategy looks quite examine the potential impacts of the different to our 2016 strategy, but has COVID-19 pandemic. We will further refine Openness deep connections to it, and is underpinned our costings of major projects, policies and by the same rigour, evaluation and We say what we mean. We are accountable reforms, and developing options for funding development as the first. and transparent. We offer up our evidence these draft recommendations. And we will and thinking for scrutiny. While this work was underway, we began re-evaluate and consider the priority and to consult with stakeholders and the timing of our draft recommendations in light community. For the past two years, we of our consultation and engagement, and have engaged with the public, experts further research and evidence that and others on various aspects of the draft becomes available. strategy update. We have also undertaken The final strategy will be formally tabled and completed a range of original research in the Victorian Parliament in 2021. The and advice to government. Extensive Victorian Government will then respond Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix C 17
Partnership both respond to and influence Victoria’s Taking steps to manage the demands society, economy and the environment, placed on infrastructure and using the We value understanding the needs, so we consider all three when providing assets we already have more efficiently interests and preferences of the community. advice. Getting the right balance between can be cheaper and better options. Major We share information and respond to social, economic and environmental projects continue to be an important part feedback. We collaborate with colleagues considerations is not always easy, but of the infrastructure planning landscape, and stakeholders. the best advice seeks to achieve positive but, wherever possible, Infrastructure outcomes across all three domains. Victoria looks at solutions other than People construction first. We succeed through our people. Integrate land use and Our culture esteems teamwork and infrastructure planning Promote responsible welcomes diversity. Our people are funding and financing Infrastructure Victoria recognises the valued, supported and challenged. importance of aligning land use planning Infrastructure Victoria’s advice, if taken, with infrastructure planning. Land use can have major budgetary implications. planning informs infrastructure requirements However, over the long term, revenue and infrastructure provision enables the growth may struggle to keep pace with 02. Guiding principles achievement of land use objectives. growth in spending, particularly on health Infrastructure Victoria draws on existing and, as such, ongoing sustainable fiscal This draft strategy is based on land use plans to inform better management will be important. Funding seven guiding principles. Infrastructure infrastructure planning. The 30-Year infrastructure responsibly means making Victoria developed these principles to infrastructure strategy is an important input hard choices about what to fund and guide the work on our initial 30-Year to future land use plans and new land use what not to fund. This includes looking at strategy, as well as work into the future. plans inform it. This integration helps ensure solutions other than new construction and The principles are based on many of we achieve improved social, economic considering life cycle costs. Financing the requirements stipulated in the and environmental outcomes from both infrastructure responsibly also means Infrastructure Victoria Act 2015.2 infrastructure and land use planning. making hard decisions about how and when the community pays for infrastructure. Consult and collaborate Draw on compelling evidence This includes looking at when the costs Infrastructure Victoria engages with the and benefits of infrastructure are incurred, Infrastructure Victoria draws on detailed, community and stakeholders in an open getting value for money and considering all objective evidence to support better, more and meaningful way. Given the constrained the funding and financing options available. informed decision-making. This requires fiscal environment, difficult choices must be careful research, modelling and scenario made about the future of Victoria’s Be open to change planning, as well as access to information infrastructure. The draft strategy, in and expertise from across government, Infrastructure Victoria recognises that particular, provides an opportunity to listen academia, industry and non-profit improving outcomes rests, in part, on our to different viewpoints and build consensus. organisations. The evidence we use is willingness to embrace change so it can be Infrastructure Victoria collaborates closely shared with the community. Transparency used to the state’s advantage. For instance, with government and private and ensures scrutiny of our assumptions and the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced community sector organisations that have a methodologies and enhances public potentially beneficial behavioural changes, role in planning, funding and delivering debate. Infrastructure Victoria recognises such as working from home, that could be infrastructure. The relationship with that, in some cases, the evidence required supported to continue in future. It could Victorian Government departments and for decision-making may not exist or be also mean adapting existing infrastructure agencies, as well as Victoria’s 79 local fit-for-purpose. In others, even the best assets, building flexibility into planning governments, is particularly important available evidence does not mitigate processes and responding to or adopting as we all work towards the same goal uncertainty entirely. In this context, we new technologies. Disruptive technologies of improving social, economic and seek to preserve options to provide more have perhaps the greatest potential to environmental outcomes. flexibility in future and identify solutions change the way Victoria’s society, economy that meet a range of possible needs. and environment function. They are also the Drive improved outcomes greatest unknown from an infrastructure Infrastructure Victoria aims to achieve Consider other solutions first planning perspective. To stay relevant, improved social, economic and Infrastructure Victoria’s 30-Year strategy is Infrastructure Victoria recognises that environmental outcomes across the whole updated every three to five years. As building new things often isn’t the best state. Infrastructure has the capacity to circumstances change, so does our advice. way to meet infrastructure needs. 18 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
03. Revising objectives (further details below). The same survey objectives, was shared between regional was used in each forum, to determine and metropolitan areas.4 Retaining the ten, When we began development of our whether the community agrees that the unchanged strategic objectives was draft strategy update in mid-2018, the 10 objectives set out in the 2016 strategy announced in the Growing Victoria’s first step was to launch a community are still broadly relevant and applicable Potential discussion paper (see next consultation process to test whether two years later. section).5 the objectives from 2016 still aligned Following these Infrastructure Victoria Survey respondents also provided feedback with the views and opinions of initiated and led surveys, EY Sweeney on suggestions to help clarify each Victorians. Although taking place just was engaged to survey the community objective. We have retained the headings of 18 months after our 2016 strategy was further. Detailed public feedback about each objective, but we have amended the published, this consultation was a strategic objectives was necessary to explanation of each objective to be clearer crucial first step towards ensuring the identify any changes required to inform and more succinct. The objectives can be draft strategy update was based on the draft strategy update for 2020. found in Volume I of this draft strategy. objectives which reflect the views of the Victorian community. In the case of both our own surveys and We’ve also considered the broad alignment those conducted on our behalf, most of our objectives with the United Nations The consultation was broken into two parts. respondents reported a positive view of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first was an online survey, which was the existing strategic objectives. In the EY Approved in late 2015, the 17 SDGs adopt open from Tuesday, 10 July to Friday, Sweeney poll, which reached just over a holistic approach to sustainable 3 August 2018. The second part of this 1,000 Victorian community members, 93% development, ensuring nobody is left engagement was to survey participants at of respondents agreed or strongly agreed behind. Each of the 17 goals contain a workshops held in regional Victoria during that the objectives reflect the strategy’s range of targets which the UN is working October and November 2018. The goals.3 The broad agreement amongst to deliver by 2030. workshops took place as part of our respondents, on the suitability of our Regional Infrastructure Needs project
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable economic growth, full and sustainable use of terrestrial 2. End hunger, achieve food security productive employment and decent ecosystems, sustainably manage and improved nutrition and promote work for all forests, combat desertification, sustainable agriculture and halt and reverse land degradation 9. Build resilient infrastructure, 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote and halt biodiversity loss promote inclusive and sustainable wellbeing for all at all ages industrialization and foster innovation 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality societies for sustainable development, 10. Reduce inequality within and among education and promote lifelong learning provide access to justice for all and countries opportunities for all build effective, accountable and 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive institutions at all levels 5. Achieve gender equality and empower inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable all women and girls 17. Strengthen the means of 12. Ensure sustainable consumption implementation and revitalize 6. Ensure availability and sustainable and production patterns the global partnership for management of water and sanitation sustainable development for all 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern 14. Conserve and sustainably use the energy for all oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix C 19
04. Considering use of infrastructure to its highest value. \ refurbishment, modifications or Rather than building something new, and whole-of-life maintenance that improve different options providing additional capacity during peak the operation and efficiency of the periods and locations, the intention of these infrastructure, such as maintenance In updating our 2016 strategy types of options is to shift demand on of school facilities. recommendations, and developing infrastructure, either by spreading it more new draft recommendations, we evenly or reducing it overall. have considered different types of Expanding assets or building new ones options. The Infrastructure Victoria There are many tools available that can Act 2015 requires us to consider new provide incentives or disincentives for how Infrastructure Victoria considers expanding infrastructure projects, policy or reform people use infrastructure. These include: or building assets as the last option. options including demand management Choosing to build new infrastructure and regulatory reform, and the balance \ regulatory changes that enable or is appropriate when the demand between investing in new infrastructure prohibit certain choices, such as management and better use solutions and making better use of existing reducing regulations to open up the have been exhausted or found not to be infrastructure. use of public spaces, or setting energy- viable on their own. There are two primary efficiency standards responses: There is already a significant amount of \ pricing to influence decision-making, work underway across government and \ expansion of existing infrastructure, such for example, pricing energy to flatten the private sector to plan for our future as extending the rail network to high demand at peak times infrastructure needs. The draft strategy growth areas objectives cannot be achieved with one \ providing better information to help \ building a new asset, where there is solution. They impact a wide range of people make informed choices, such no existing infrastructure, or the current people and usually have long-term as real-time information across the assets are unable to meet the projected implications. These complex issues entire transport network to help demand, for example building more must be considered from multiple people plan their journey. perspectives. We have looked to make social housing stock. draft recommendations that can credibly Better use of existing assets help achieve the strategy objectives, by either managing the demands put There are many opportunities to use on infrastructure, getting better use existing infrastructure in better, more 05. Discussion paper out of our existing assets or strategically efficient ways. As the population grows and The Growing expanding and building new assets. changes, the ways people prefer to access or use a service also change. Most of the Victoria’s Some of the draft recommendations are infrastructure Victoria will have in the future Potential further refinements of recommendations already exists. Being smart about the discussion paper made in the previous strategy, often with operation and maintenance of existing was published in 6 greater detail on their implementation. infrastructure helps ensure it lasts and is April 2019. The Others are new, based on further research, responsive to changing needs. discussion paper advice and modelling, and drawing sought to develop from examples across Australia and Better use of infrastructure means changing our draft strategy internationally, responding to future trends. the way the asset operates to be more update in an open The draft recommendations are built from efficient and responsive to user demands. and transparent way, while building to considering different types of options. These changes can be achieved through: its launch in late 2020.
\ better coordination and governance The discussion paper considered the Changing behaviour, processes so an asset can be used for challenges and opportunities of Victoria’s managing demand different purposes, such as shared use rapid population growth. Managed Many of the objectives can be advanced agreements that allow for joint use of correctly, Infrastructure Victoria believes by changing behaviours to manage the recreation facilities this growth could be harnessed to help demands placed on infrastructure. These Melbourne succeed as a world class city \ technological innovations to adapt to solutions are appropriate where use of in an increasingly competitive global changing service delivery models, for infrastructure is heavy at different times economy. To date, population growth example, delivering health services of the day or across particular parts of the has built pressure on the city's through digital platforms to improve network, but much lower at other times or infrastructure network. access to these services locations, in other words, to rationalise our 20 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Our discussion paper found that Victoria 06. Regional regional Victoria’s challenges and should make the most of our existing opportunities in depth across economic, infrastructure, instituting policy and services infrastructure social and environmental domains. changes to increase capacity. Some Infrastructure Victoria committed to new infrastructure is inevitable, and the The main output was a series of nine examining infrastructure needs across discussion paper foreshadowed the regional profiles, the result of a year-long Victoria’s regions more closely, and to need to identify high priority infrastructure process of gathering data and working developing stronger evidence to make projects which help meet demand and with stakeholders across Victoria to ensure better regional infrastructure investments. build resilience into the network. we had local insights to help us better We have consulted with regional understand the data. An inter-regional The discussion paper contained a number communities and undertaken research assessment accompanied the profiles, of ‘conversation starters’, provided a over several years to develop more which brought together findings across snapshot of Victoria’s historic growth, specific draft recommendations the regions. While the nine profiles drew outlined the roles of the regions and of for regional infrastructure. out the unique strengths and challenges in Melbourne, and an overview of how to different parts of Victoria, the inter-regional This work has incorporated three main ask the right questions about the types assessment identified common attributes components to build a comprehensive of infrastructure needed for a growing and change drivers across the regions picture of the regions and guide us towards state.7 Density and planning also have which could inform potential future the draft recommendations outlined in this roles to play.8 infrastructure responses. report: detailed research and data collection to build a new regional evidence base, The initial draft profiles were developed Metropolitan development of a new methodology to help following a review of existing data and infrastructure needs prioritise regional infrastructure investments, research from Australian, state and local and extensive stakeholder consultation The Growing governments, regional associations, and engagement to test our findings Victoria’s Potential industry and community bodies. These along the way. discussion paper draft profiles were tested and refined was released through nine half-day workshops held The scope of our work, and the draft in tandem with across regional Victoria, one in each recommendations it has informed, has been detailed metropolitan profiles outlining the Regional Partnership region: Barwon, shaped by the interaction of these three unique strengths and challenges in different Central Highlands, Gippsland, Goulburn, components. Our research, supported by parts of Melbourne. The Metropolitan Great South Coast, Loddon Campaspe, regional consultation, led us to specifically Infrastructure Needs project sought to Mallee, Ovens Murray and Wimmera focus on opportunities to build on the develop our understanding of the economic, Southern Mallee. Workshops were attended economic strengths of Victoria’s regions social and environmental strengths and by more than 200 regional representatives and to strengthen regional communities challenges of metropolitan Melbourne.9 including Regional Partnerships, local by improving economic, health, education It divided the metropolitan area into six councils, regional-based government and social inclusion outcomes. This guided functional economic regions, measuring the agencies, regional and community the outcomes we were seeking to performance of each against a range of organisations and representatives from achieve, which were incorporated into indicators, to better identify local trends. business, health and education providers. the framework design – targeting our The profiles were released with the Growing This work was intentionally done to inform draft recommendations accordingly. Victoria’s Potential discussion paper, the 2020 update of the 30-Year published at infrastructurevictoria.com.au. infrastructure strategy.10 Individual reports Building a better understanding were published for the Eastern Metro, Inner of regional infrastructure The workshops provided a forum to discuss Metro, Inner South East, Northern Metro, In addition to the how to leverage each region’s strengths Southern Metro and Western Metro metropolitan and address their challenges, and what government regions. In addition to the assessments (see additional infrastructure investments would six regional reports, we developed and previous section) be required to achieve this. The workshops published an inter-regional report, which was a regional were invaluable in enabling us to tap into examines the economic, social and infrastructure the local knowledge and expertise we environmental attributes, strengths and needs project, needed to inform this work, and findings challenges across regions, and a which looked at from our consultation helped to embed metropolitan Functional Economic Region the infrastructure local context into each regional profile. report, to understand the different beyond Melbourne. economic locations around Melbourne.11 A key finding from the research was that The project aimed to develop a stronger regional infrastructure investments should spatial evidence base to understand Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix C 21
be targeted towards building on a region’s Finalising draft regional These reports form part of the evidence competitive strengths or reducing place- recommendations base underpinning this draft strategy, and based disadvantage. This understanding several draft recommendations draw upon The final stage has been to develop our provided the foundation for the next stage this evidence. They include, but are not draft recommendations for the Victorian of our work: developing the prioritisation limited to, the following: Government based on the evidence we frameworks. have collected throughout this work, to feed into the 30-Year infrastructure Immediate actions Developing the prioritisation to tackle congestion frameworks strategy update.
We developed two Consistent with the earlier phases of our In April 2018, complementary work, consultation and engagement have we published frameworks to been key in developing and finalising our Five Year Focus, help determine draft recommendations. We have tested the which outlined regionally specific approach taken in our frameworks and immediate actions infrastructure collected additional 'on the ground' data the Victorian opportunities. from regional stakeholders, drawing on their Government could In line with our direct experience and knowledge of the take in the short findings, one regions. Two workshops, attended by term to alleviate framework approximately 100 government, regional congestion identifies investment priorities that build and industry stakeholders, were used to on Victoria’s roads. It identified priority on a region’s economic strengths (the test the frameworks and the accompanying short-term actions that could help manage Comparative advantage framework) while evidence base. congestion on Victoria’s transport network, the other addresses regional disadvantage including better bus services, reallocating The workshops were followed by a formal (the Addressing regional disadvantage road space and targeted transport submissions process where we sought framework). investments. feedback on our evidence base, input on The frameworks regional infrastructure constraints and on Transport network pricing outline a new potential solutions. The submissions In Good Move: process, built upon process was central to this stage of our Fixing Transport a strong evidence work, helping to test our progress to date Congestion, base, to help and to frame draft recommendations. Infrastructure governments Victoria presents identify, evaluate This work has research into the and prioritise culminated effects of differing regional in 22 draft charges for roads, development recommendations public transport opportunities, followed by associated documented in and parking.13 infrastructure responses. They are guided the Infrastructure Changes to existing policy could change by a series of outcomes statements which Priorities for the travel times and modes, relieving road collectively define what Infrastructure Regions Report, congestion and public transport crowding Priorities for the Regions is seeking to which aim to to help the transport network achieve. The framework has been collectively accommodate surging demand. This report published at infrastructurevictoria.com.au. respond to the infrastructure-related opportunities and challenges facing shows that with transport network pricing, We applied the frameworks to each of the Victoria’s regions. The report has been average speeds in inner Melbourne during nine regions using a combination of desktop released with this draft strategy, published the morning peak increase by about one research, data analysis and stakeholder at infrastructurevictoria.com.au. third and under all scenarios, most people consultation to build a more detailed are better off in terms of price and travel evidence base to supplement the Regional conditions. This paper builds on our earlier Infrastructure Needs profiles, and to begin work The Road Ahead, which sets out the prioritising options. This process enabled us 07. Research case for congestion pricing in Victoria. to begin identifying infrastructure solutions to Since the publication of the 2016 meet regional needs. The evidence base is Strategy, we have published many summarised in the regional industry profiles research papers and reports at and disadvantage fact sheets which can be infrastructurevictoria.com.au. found at infrastructurevictoria.com.au. 22 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Public transport fares Social housing impacts Housing targets
As a companion In May 2018, we In July 2019, piece to Good released the we released Move, our follow technical paper commissioned up report Fair 'What are the research on Move documents impacts of living housing and evidence showing in social housing?', density targets and how changing which used the other policy tools, public transport Journey’s Home examining the fares could data set to effectiveness of improve social, examine the setting housing economic and environmental outcomes, outcomes of social housing. It found that or density targets as a mechanism including helping expand the use of public social housing was effective in preventing to encourage more housing in well- transport in Victoria, and help manage homelessness, with people allocated social located places. congestion. It finds that changes to public housing far less likely to experience future transport fares could help manage public homelessness than those in other tenures. Density Done Well transport crowding and increase public To support the draft transport patronage. Infrastructure provision in strategy update, different development settings Infrastructure Energy demand response One of the top Victoria engaged recommendations RPS to design and In September in our 2016 deliver a program 2019, we released strategy was that of engagement, a technical paper Victoria increase and report on the demonstrating the proportion of community’s view household housing in areas of density done responses to well serviced by well. This brought together residents from electricity prices. infrastructure.12 Camberwell, Footscray and Heidelberg It demonstrated The research builds for three workshops which sought to households an evidence base on the capacity and cost clarify what the residents consider density do change their of infrastructure supporting housing done well.15 The engagement found that energy use behaviour in response to development, considering different settings Melburnians are willing to embrace greater energy price changes. ranging from established to greenfield urban density if the area has good access Reforming water governance growth areas. We found that, excluding to public transport, quality urban design transport, infrastructure capital costs in and green open space.16 This has influenced In October 2019 greenfield areas can be two to four times a number of our draft recommendations we released higher than in established areas when to the Victorian Government. Reforming water existing infrastructure in established sector governance, areas has the capacity to support growth. Growing together research to identify Infrastructure costs are influenced by many Infrastructure improvements to factors in addition to the development Victoria has water governance setting. Therefore infrastructure costs can undertaken arrangements. vary significantly for different developments numerous This built on within the same development settings. research projects recommendations investigating better made in the 2016 strategy, while preparing land use and 14 for the draft strategy update. Our research infrastructure identified potential opportunities for reform, integration, including better use of existing infrastructure particularly in and more efficient use of all water established urban areas. This research is resources, more integrated and adaptive summarised in the report Growing together: planning processes, and the need for The case for better use and infrastructure community involvement in decision-making. planning in established areas, released as a technical report with this draft strategy. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix C 23
08. Advice infrastructure. In October 2018, we Growing Victoria’s Potential, outlining published our advice and 17 key strategic issues facing Victoria. Over two In addition to undertaking research recommendations to help address the years, we also researched the infrastructure and the periodic release of a 30-Year uncertainties and challenges of the new priorities of regional Victoria, including infrastructure strategy, the Victorian technology, while paving the way for its conducting workshops, information Government can ask Infrastructure arrival. They included advice on changing sessions and a formal submissions Victoria for specific advice on road and ICT infrastructure to be ready for process. We undertook targeted particular topics. increasingly automated vehicles, improving deliberative workshops in Melbourne regulations, and more integrated planning, suburbs on ‘density done well’, and how it Requests for advice centre on specific data-sharing, and demand management. can help more people live in great locations. infrastructure issues, and can include We convened a community panel to identify assessments of major infrastructure Advice on securing Victoria’s the conditions under which the public might proposals, intergovernmental submissions, ports capacity accept changes to how people pay for or the government’s infrastructure plans. roads and public transport, and undertook Our advice on The evidence generated for this advice has polling on the attitudes and perceptions Victoria’s container also informed the draft strategy. Some of of households towards waste sorting port capacity was the major published advice reports include: practices, and their willingness to adopt published in May more sustainable behaviours. We 2017. This advice Advice on recycling and will continue to undertake extensive recommended resource recovery infrastructure consultation and engagement before expanding the in Victoria producing the final strategy in 2021. capacity of In April 2020, Victoria’s existing we published our port, before 10. New modelling advice on recycling investing in a second port; outlining timing Infrastructure Victoria has used a range and resource for a new port; and recommending Bay of scenarios when preparing our recovery West as the preferred site for the second modelling for this strategy. These infrastructure, major container port. To support the different scenarios allow us to consider including 13 implementation of our advice, Infrastructure alternative futures, and their effects on recommendations Victoria made 19 recommendations transport demand. We have published for the Victorian to government. the details of our modelling as a Government. supplementary report. They included improving infrastructure capability and capacity, reviewing funding 09. Engaging Our modelling makes use of new and mechanisms, supporting behaviour change stakeholders and innovative modelling techniques for the first programs, strengthening end markets the community time, allowing us to examine the effects of for recycled materials, and improving transport infrastructure on land use. A key governance of the waste sector. Infrastructure Victoria informs all of drawback of traditional transport modelling This followed the release of an evidence its publications – from evidence bases, is that it assumes transport infrastructure base, in October 2019, and a package advice, research and this draft strategy causes no changes in the distribution of of supporting reports used for the – with extensive consultation and population and employment. This means final analysis. engagement. it cannot incorporate the effects of land use Advice on automated We believe community deliberation, change in response to new infrastructure and zero emissions consultation and engagement are essential construction. in all our work, and comprises important vehicles infrastructure The Victorian Land Use and Transport evidence. In addition, it allows us to Integration (VLUTI) model, developed The Victorian better understand the impacts of different by Victoria University in partnership with Government options, and helps shape our draft Infrastructure Victoria, provides a new requested recommendations and advice. tool to examine the land use effects of advice on the infrastructure investments. This means we infrastructure We have completed many different public can gain insights into how infrastructure needed to support engagement projects to help develop this investments might change land use in automated and draft strategy. This includes public polling the future, including, for example, how it zero emissions on the objectives of the updated draft might shift the location of population or vehicles strategy, and releasing a discussion paper, 24 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
employment growth. This new modelling Development scenario, the number of We used the results of these modelled technique starts to allow us to develop more additional lane kilometres delivered by scenarios to identify the challenges accurate estimates of the land use benefits 2051 more than doubles to 4,310. and opportunities available on Victoria’s of transport infrastructure investments. transport network, both now and over the Both the Do Minimum and Network next 30 years. The scenarios helped identify We wanted to make sure that this draft Development scenarios were evaluated the circumstances and range of challenges strategy reflected Victoria’s considerable using two different transport models. The and opportunities potentially facing Victoria. population growth since our 2016 strategy Victorian Integrated Transport Model (VITM) This allows us to interrogate the different was released. During the intervening years, uses population growth and demographic potential solutions, including potential the Victorian Government has committed projections to evaluate the performance of projects, policies and reforms, against significant resources to modernising and the transport network under either scenario. whether they were likely to assist in expanding the transport network with The second transport model used was addressing these challenges or taking new and refurbished infrastructure projects. the VLUTI model, which considers how advantage of potential opportunities. It also For our draft recommendations to match infrastructure investments could shape the allows us to determine whether they were the future policy and infrastructure needs, population and employment distribution. relevant under different scenarios, including our modelling needed to consider the Our VLUTI modelling also includes a under a lower population growth trajectory. growth patterns of recent years, so that Density Done Well scenario, to see how we could produce an accurate array of changes to land use planning settings Our draft recommendations are based forecasts for the future. to allow increased densification around on the outcomes of this range of forecasts. public transport network points affect Considering how investment levels will meet We worked with Arup, AECOM and Victoria Metropolitan Melbourne. population growth in 2036 and 2051 better University to develop projections of how positions us to determine what projects will the transport network, including capital To understand the impacts of higher or be needed, and when work should begin projects currently underway, would cope lower population growth, we also modelled to ensure timely delivery. The modelling with population growth to 2036 and 2051, scenarios with different populations. In considers 12 different future scenarios, under a Do Minimum and Network addition to the official population growth examining the effects of differing population Development scenario. projection, we modelled scenarios with growth, population distribution, transport both faster and slower population growth. infrastructure investment, and land use. 01. The Do Minimum scenario presumes These scenarios were broadly similar to minimal funding or development beyond different population growth projections In our draft recommendations, we have the infrastructure initiatives already outlined produced by the Australian Bureau sought to provide government with a range and committed to by the government. In of Statistics. of initiatives to consider. This modelling has the near and medium term, this includes a allowed us to provide a detailed outline of significant number of Big Build projects. The following tables below show what should happen and when, if we are to the different scenarios we modelled. respond to population growth. 02. The Network Development scenario incorporated the baseline estimates of the funding level, upgrades and projects Table 1: Core scenario group that may be needed in coming years. Our scenarios used the Victorian Integrated Transport Model (VITM) and the Victorian This includes all the existing projects Transport and Land Use Integration (VLUTI) model. covered in Do Minimum, projects which remain in the early stages of planning, Model Assumptions 2018 2036 2051 and further changes to make the transport Current conditions network function effectively in future. It VITM Do Minimum includes changes that are not currently Network Development Victorian Government policy commitments, Do Minimum but are a reasonable assumption about Network Development the future development of the transport VLUTI Network Development – network that align with existing transport Density Done Well Settings planning approaches.
To give a sense of the practical differences Table 2: Alternate growth scenario group between these scenarios, Do Minimum considers necessary the delivery of an Model Assumptions 2018 2036 2051 Do Minimum – Low Growth additional 1,540 lane kilometres, compared VITM with today, by 2051. Under the Network Do Minimum – High Growth Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix C 25
Since 2016, Infrastructure Victoria has also approach, proposed major transport infrastructure needs may evolve into the developed other new modelling capabilities programs, findings and proposed draft future. This process has helped to ensure to provide the Victorian Government with recommendations that our draft recommendations are based more sophisticated and integrated tools on the best and most up to date \ Infrastructure Victoria’s approach to for strategic transport planning. This information and will be useful in each of the developing transport sector draft includes the Melbourne Activity Based potential future scenarios we modelled. recommendations, findings and Model (MABM), developed in collaboration proposed draft recommendations for with KPMG and Arup, which tests the As such, the draft recommendations in this this draft strategy. impacts of transport policy and draft strategy are not merely a reproduction of the previous recommendations. In some infrastructure proposals on the behaviour The Panel also provided expert peer review cases, we determined that a previous of transport system users. As it differs and feedback on transport sector work recommendation had largely been from traditional models by testing the within Infrastructure Victoria, including implemented, or that current government response of individuals to change, MABM review of reports and other publications. processes would continue to deliver the is particularly suited to understanding: the They were not asked to prepare written recommendation, meaning we did not needs and preferences of transport users; reports or other products for publication. how different user cohorts may respond repeat it in this draft strategy. to policy or infrastructure changes; the In other cases, we built upon and fairness and equity impacts of new 12. Reviewing our 2016 developed the recommendation considering transport policies or investments; and recommendations new evidence and deeper analysis, behavioural responses to complex changes In our 2016 strategy, Infrastructure allowing us to make a more refined draft to transport likely to occur in the future – for Victoria made 137 recommendations to recommendation. In some cases, the example, due to new technologies such as the Victorian Government. The following process of review and extra research automated vehicles. We used the MABM year, the Victorian Government yielded new insights or identified changes model to inform our recommendations on published the Victorian Infrastructure since the previous strategy that formed the automated and electric vehicles, transport Plan (VIP), its response to our basis of a new draft recommendation. network pricing, and public transport fares. recommendations.17 Similarly, the extra research and advice we’ve generated since the 2016 strategy 11. Transport The VIP accepted 134 of our 137 has produced or uncovered new evidence, Advisory Panel recommendations in full, in part or in which we’ve used to form the basis of principle18, and structured government new draft recommendations. Where feasible, Infrastructure Victoria priorities and future directions into nine key contacted subject matter experts for sectors. Project pipeline updates have 13. Considerations input in specific work areas. The draft been published in 2018 and 2019, charting strategy contains specific, discrete progress towards the implementation of for draft transport interventions, major transport these recommendations. recommendations programs and system wide reforms. In preparing this draft strategy update, we To support the development of our The draft recommendations in this draft documented and evaluated the Victorian transport sector work program, we strategy were developed from different Government’s action, to date, in meeting established a Transport Advisory sources. This included many from our the commitments of the 2016 strategy and Panel (the Panel). review of the 2016 recommendations, the VIP. This process helped us to develop some were developed from our research Members of the Panel were selected a clear picture of the specific actions taken projects, and others arose from the on their transport sector experience and by government during the past four years. advice we have provided to the Victorian expertise to provide strategic advice and The product of this process is available in Government. However, all draft insights on: this volume of the draft strategy update, in recommendations followed a similar Appendix D. development process, and were \ how Infrastructure Victoria can approach systematically reviewed by Infrastructure We revisited our initial assessments and advice and research in the transport Victoria to account for many recommendations, the Victorian sector to be influential to government considerations, including the following: and contribute to public debate Government’s response, and action taken in the interim. We built on this with further \ current and emerging transport research, including evaluations of major infrastructure needs and opportunities social, environmental and economic \ Infrastructure Victoria’s transport changes since 2016, and modelling to modelling program, including scope, inform our understanding of how Victoria’s 26 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
\ Identified infrastructure need \ Resilient \ Delivering the Goods: Victoria Freight The draft recommendation identifies The draft recommendation performs Plan 2018-2050 a clear infrastructure need, such as an under alternate future scenarios \ Fixing the digital divide: connecting infrastructure problem it seeks to solve, or communities in regional Victoria an opportunity it seeks to take advantage of \ Defensible The draft recommendation considers and \ Health 2040 \ Tangible responds to potential counterarguments \ Homes for Victorians 2017 The draft recommendation identifies a opposing it specific action the Victorian Government \ Marine and Coastal Strategy 2020 \ Verifiable can deliver \ Metropolitan Partnerships – Five year If accepted, Infrastructure Victoria plans for jobs, services and infrastructure \ Effective can determine whether the draft The draft recommendation shows how recommendation has been implemented, \ Plan Melbourne 2017-2050 the action will directly address the problem ideally from public documents. \ Recycling Victoria – A new economy or opportunity it targets \ Regional Partnerships – \ Strategic merit outcomes roadmaps 14. Relevant policies The draft recommendation creates \ Regional Partnerships – meaningful and substantial change, in Victoria regional digital plans appropriate for the context of a 30-Year \ Statewide design, service and infrastructure strategy for the entire state The Infrastructure Victoria Act 2015 requires us to 'have regard to infrastructure plan for Victoria’s \ Evidence-based any current land use, transport or health system 2017-2037 other relevant social, economic or The draft recommendation presents \ Transport Integration Act 2010 compelling evidence and logic to justify environmental policy in Victoria' \ Victoria Police Blue Paper its inclusion when developing Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy. \ Victoria’s Social Procurement Framework \ Aligns with objectives We have examined and considered many \ Victoria’s Value Capture and The draft recommendation contributes to different Victorian government policies Procurement Framework achieving one or more strategy objectives when developing this draft strategy. The \ Victorian Aboriginal Affairs Framework \ Superior to alternative options following list includes some of the major 2018-2023 policies we had regard to. This list is not The draft recommendation has considered exhaustive and does not include every \ Victorian Cycling Strategy 2018-2028 other options to meet the identified policy we have considered. infrastructure need and can demonstrate it \ Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017-22 is superior to other feasible options \ 10-year community services industry plan \ Victorian Visitor Economy Strategy \ Location \ 2020 Integrated System Plan \ Water for Victoria The draft recommendation identifies, for the national electricity market if appropriate, the location or priority \ A circular economy for Victoria: places it is needed Creating more value and less waste 15. Further research \ Timing \ Absolutely Everybody: State Disability and analysis The draft recommendation specifies Plan 2017-2020 Before the final strategy is finalised and when the action needs to be taken \ Accessible Public Transport in Victoria: published in 2021, Infrastructure Victoria Action Plan 2013-2017 \ Cost will undertake further work. This includes synthesising and re-evaluating our draft The draft recommendation has enough \ Asset Management Accountability recommendations to consider the extra information to make a reasonable Framework evidence provided by feedback and judgement of its cost \ Climate Change Act 2017 consultation. \ Connecting Regional Victoria: Victoria’s Reassessing and recalibrating our evidence Regional Network Development Plan may lead to changes in the scope, funding \ Court Services Victoria Strategic Asset and timing of the draft recommendations Plan 2016-2032 Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix C 27
made in this draft strategy update. We prevalence of working from home. We also recommendations for other major projects, similarly expect that stakeholder and undertake detailed program testing of policies and reforms. This information community feedback, and more detailed specific major infrastructure investments, will assist us in developing funding options modelling and costing, will see some of to get more detailed estimates of the costs for these draft recommendations. our draft recommendations change in and benefits of them. We will review the More detailed costings will help ensure the final strategy. draft recommendations with this new our recommendations are effective information. and affordable. Consultation and engagement New evidence Timing Infrastructure Victoria will consult widely on this draft strategy, engaging with many We expect that new sources of evidence This draft strategy has identified a different stakeholders and communities, may become available after this draft proposed timing for each of the draft and using many different engagement strategy is published, and before our final recommendations made. New evidence, methods. See the ‘Get Involved’ section of strategy is delivered. This includes the modelling, costings and feedback will Volume I of the draft strategy to find ways outcomes of multiple inquiries and Royal be reviewed as we prepare the final you can participate. Commissions currently underway. We will strategy, and the timing of the review this material and use it to update our recommendations may change. Further modelling draft recommendations or develop more.
Infrastructure Victoria is conducting extra Costing and funding options modelling between the publication of this draft strategy update and the final strategy. In addition to developing more detailed The modelling will examine extra scenarios costings of major transport investments, that have been prompted by the COVID- we will also continue to develop more 19 pandemic, such as increase in the detailed costing information on our
16. Methodology endnotes
1 Infrastructure Victoria, All Things Considered: Exploring 7 Infrastructure Victoria, Growing Victoria’s Potential: The 13 Infrastructure Victoria, ‘Transport Network Pricing’ [website] options for Victoria’s 30-Year infrastructure strategy, opportunities and challenges of Victoria’s population https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/project/ Victorian Government, May 2016, p.17. https://www. growth, April 2019, p.3. https://www.infrastructurevictoria. research-transport-network-pricing/ (accessed August infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Growing-Victorias- 2020) uploads/2019/04/Infrastructure-Victoria-Options-Paper-All- Potential-April-2019-1.pdf things-considered.pdf 14 Infrastructure Victoria, ‘Water Governance’ [website] 8 Infrastructure Victoria, Growing Victoria’s Potential: https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/project/ 2 Infrastructure Victoria, Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure The opportunities and challenges of Victoria’s population water-governance/(accessed 15 August 2020) Strategy, December 2016, p.16. https://www. growth, April 2019, pp.20-25. https://www. infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 15 RPS, Infrastructure Victoria 30-Year Strategy Engagement uploads/2019/03/IV_30_Year_Strategy_WEB_V2.pdf uploads/2019/04/Growing-Victorias-Potential- Report, on behalf of Infrastructure Victoria, February 2020, April-2019-1.pdf p.4. https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 3 EY Sweeney, 30-Year strategy: objectives feedback uploads/2020/05/Density-done-well-engagement-report- community survey, on behalf of Infrastructure Victoria, 9 Infrastructure Victoria, ‘Metropolitan Infrastructure Needs’ FINAL.pdf December 2018, p.4. https://www.infrastructurevictoria. [website] https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/project/ com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EY-Sweeney-30- metropolitan-infrastructure-needs/ (accessed 15 August 16 Infrastructure Victoria, Public transport, quality urban Year-strategy-objectives-feedback-community-survey- 2020) design and green open space top Melburnians’ wish list December-2018.pdf for creating better urban communities, May 2020. https:// 10 SGS Economics and Planning & Independent Insight, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/2020/05/19/ 4 EY Sweeney, 30-Year strategy: objectives feedback Economic, Social and Environmental Profile: Eastern Metro public-transport-quality-urban-design-and-green-open- community survey, on behalf of Infrastructure Victoria, Region, prepared for Infrastructure Victoria, April 2019, p. space-top-melburnians-wish-list-for-creating-better-urban- December 2018, p.5. https://www.infrastructurevictoria. viii. https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ communities/ com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/EY-Sweeney-30- uploads/2019/04/SGS-Economic-social-and- Year-strategy-objectives-feedback-community-survey- environmental-profile-Eastern-Metro-Region-April-2019.pdf 17 Victorian Government, Victorian Infrastructure Plan, December-2018.pdf 2017. https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2018-12/ 11 SGS Economics and Planning & Independent Insight, Victorian%20Infrastructure%20Plan.pdf 5 Infrastructure Victoria, Growing Victoria’s Potential: The Economic, Social and Environmental Profile: Inter Regional opportunities and challenges of Victoria’s population Report, prepared for Infrastructure Victoria, April 2019, p.1. 18 Victorian Government, Victorian Infrastructure Plan, 2017, growth, April 2019, p.5. https://www.infrastructurevictoria. https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ p.129: https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-01/ com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Growing-Victorias- uploads/2019/04/SGS-Economic-social-and- Victorian-Infrastructure-Plan-Chapter-3-Government- Potential-April-2019-1.pdf environmental-profile-Eastern-Metro-Region-April-2019.pdf Response.pdf
6 Infrastructure Victoria, Growing Victoria’s Potential: The 12 Infrastructure Victoria, Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure opportunities and challenges of Victoria’s population Strategy, December 2016, p.55. https://www. growth, April 2019. https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com. infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Growing-Victorias- uploads/2019/03/IV_30_Year_Strategy_WEB_V2.pdf Potential-April-2019-1.pdf 28 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Appendix D
Review of 2016 recommendations
This section documents Victorian Government action on implementing its response to our recommendations in Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy, released in 2016. For each recommendation we made in 2016, we document the full recommendation, the Victorian Government response in Victoria’s Infrastructure Plan 2017, significant government action taken since, and the translation of that recommendation, where appropriate, to this draft strategy.
Progress has been made in implementing most of our 2016 recommendations. Of the 137 recommendations, our review finds that:
\ 27 have been substantially completed, \ 95 are in progress, and \ 15 have not commenced.
References after each title are to recommendation numbers in the 2016 strategy (e.g. 10.5.2) and the codes used to identify the options (e.g. HCT2) developed to inform that strategy – set out in detail in the Options Book: A Supporting Document for Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy.1 Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 29
2016 recommendations (in alphabetical order)
Pg. Recommendation Pg. Recommendation
31 10-car metropolitan trains (10.5.2, HCT2) 46 Doncaster bus system (10.6.4, DBI)
31 Active lifestyle facilities (4.2.2, ALP) 46 Driver assistance applications (10.7.2, 13.2.3, ADA)
31 Acute/sub-acute health facilities (3.2.2, HIM) 46 Driverless freight vehicles (13.2.2, DFV)
32 Affordable housing fast-track approvals (7.3.1, SHS1) 47 Driverless vehicles (6.2.2, 10.7.3, ACT)
32 Affordable housing plan (7.4.1, SCP) 47 Eastern Freeway-CityLink-Western Ring Road (11.5.8, 13.5.4, EWW, EWE) 33 Affordable housing planning mechanisms (7.3.2, SAH, AHR) 48 Education delivery through technology 33 Affordable housing provision (7.4.3, SHE, ARH) (2.2.2, 9.2.1, 12.1.4, SRS) 34 Aged care facility approvals (3.4.1, UPA) 49 Electricity network capability (18.2.2, ENI) 34 Brown coal transition (18.2.1, BCL, BCA) 49 Employment centre arterial roads (11.5.1, ARN) 35 City Loop reconfiguration (10.10.1, CLR) 49 Employment centre mass transit (11.5.4, MTN) 35 Clyde rail extension (1.3.7, 10.8.4, CRE) 50 Energy efficiency of existing buildings (18.1.2, EDM1) 36 Coastal protection infrastructure (19.1.4, CPI) 50 Energy efficiency of new buildings (18.1.3, EED) 36 Communications infrastructure (12.1.3, 19.1.2, ETP) 51 Energy pricing (18.1.1, EDM2) 37 Community cultural facilities (5.1.2, CCF) 51 Environmental water delivery (16.3.3, 17.2.2, EWD) 37 Community space refurb/rationalisation 52 Fishermans Bend tram link (1.2.1, 10.8.1, CCT) (1.5.5, 2.3.2, 5.4.2, CSR) 52 Forensic mental health facilities (3.3.1, 8.3.3, NEF) 38 Community space shared use agreements (1.4.2, 2.3.1, 5.2.2, CSS1) 53 Freight precincts (13.3.2, FPL)
38 Community sport/recreation facilities (4.3.2, SRF) 53 Future prisons (8.3.1, NMP, NWP)
39 Community use of TAFE assets (9.4.2, TAF) 53 Geelong/Werribee/Wyndham rail (1.3.4, 10.8.2, 12.3.1, WVW, GWR, GRE) 39 Courts in high growth areas (8.1.2, JDG) 54 Government service/infrastructure planning 40 Courts in Melbourne's CBD (8.3.4, JLP) (1.5.1, 2.4.1, 11.1.2, SIP) 40 Courts maintenance (8.3.2, CMD) 55 Green infrastructure (1.4.6, 4.2.3, 16.3.1, UFF) 40 Crisis accommodation and supportive housing 55 Growth area local buses (1.3.2, 11.5.2, LBS) (7.4.2, CHP, TSA) 56 Habitat corridors (16.3.2, HCL) 41 Critical infrastructure contingency planning (19.2.1, CSB) 56 Health-care delivery through technology 41 Critical infrastructure control systems (19.1.1, ECS) (2.2.3, 3.1.2, 12.1.6, THE) 42 Cycling corridors/walking improvements 57 Health-care ICT systems (3.1.1, 12.1.5, EEA) (4.1.3, 10.3.2, BWP2, BWP3, BHT) 57 Health-care partnerships (3.2.1, HAP) 43 Cycling end-of-trip facilities (4.1.1, ALR) 58 High capacity signalling (10.4.7, RSF) 43 Cycling/walking data (4.1.2, 10.3.1, BWP1) 58 High productivity freight vehicles (13.4.3, HPF) 44 Cycling/walking in established areas (4.2.1, AEA) 58 Housing rental assistance (7.1.1, HRA) 44 Development in established areas (1.1.1, 10.1.1, UDC) 59 Inland Rail (13.5.1, MBF) 45 Development in/around employment centres (1.1.2, 10.1.2, 11.1.1, STO) 59 Innovative transport services (1.3.1, 10.7.1, 12.2.2, MAS)
45 Dispute resolution technology (8.2.2, 12.1.2, JSD) 60 Integrated community health hubs (3.2.3, 12.1.7, ICP) 30 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Pg. Recommendation Pg. Recommendation
60 Irrigation water delivery (14.1.3, WDE) 78 Regional coaches (2.1.2, 12.2.8, RCU)
61 Justice case management ICT system (8.2.3, CSC) 78 Regional highways (2.1.1, 12.2.5, 13.4.1, RHU)
61 Justice/health/human services integrated planning 79 Regional rail eastern corridor (12.3.3, 13.5.5, RRE1) (8.1.1, JCS) 80 Regional rail gauge standardisation (13.4.2, RRG) 62 Landfill protection (15.2.1, FLS) 80 Regional rail upgrades (12.2.4, RRC) 62 Level crossing removals (11.3.3, MLC) 81 Regional road maintenance (2.1.4, 12.2.10, 13.4.4, RRU) 63 Long distance rail services (12.2.9, RTL) 81 Regional rolling stock (12.2.3, RRS) 63 Major cultural/sporting infrastructure (4.3.1, 5.1.1, CSM) 82 Relocatable community infrastructure 64 Major hospitals (3.2.4, THR) (1.4.3, 5.4.1, 19.2.3, RCI)
64 Major water supply augmentation (14.3.1, RWW, WSA1) 82 Riparian fencing (17.1.2, RFI)
65 Melbourne Airport bus (10.9.1, 11.4.1, MAB) 83 Road asset management (10.6.1, 11.3.1, 12.2.1, RMF)
65 Melbourne Airport rail link (10.9.2, 11.4.2, MAH) 83 Road space allocation (10.6.3, 11.3.5, RSA)
65 Melbourne Metro - future stages (10.10.2, MMS) 84 School investment pipeline (9.3.1, SIF)
66 Melton rail electrification (1.3.6, 10.8.3, MRE1) 84 School maintenance (9.3.2, SRM1)
66 Mental health/AOD facilities (3.3.2, MHA) 85 School network planning (9.1.1, SOO)
67 Metropolitan bus network (10.4.5, 11.3.4, MBN) 85 Schools as community facilities (1.4.7, 2.3.3, 5.3.1, 9.3.3. SCF) 67 Metropolitan rail stations (10.4.6, MRI) 86 Small scale solar (18.2.3, SSE) 68 Metropolitan rail upgrades (10.4.4, MRC) 86 SmartBus network (1.3.3, 11.5.3, SNE) 68 Metropolitan rolling stock (10.5.1, HCT3, HCT4) 87 Stormwater harvesting (14.2.2, 17.2.1, SRH) 68 North East Link (11.5.6, 13.5.2, NEL) 87 Stormwater quality (17.1.1, SRQ) 69 On-demand transport services (2.1.3, 6.2.1, 12.2.6, PTA) 88 Tertiary education/VET in schools (9.4.1, STE) 69 Organic waste (15.1.2, OWM) 88 Torquay transport links (12.3.2, TRE) 70 Outer metropolitan arterial roads (1.3.5, 11.5.5, OMA) 88 Traffic management systems (10.6.2, 13.2.1, ATM) 70 Outer Metropolitan Ring Road (11.5.7, 13.5.3, OMR) 89 Train timetabling (10.4.2, PTT) 71 Parks governance (16.2.1, NPP3) 89 Transport contingency planning (19.2.2, CRR1) 71 Parks partnerships (16.2.2, NPP2) 89 Transport control centres (19.2.4, ITC, CRR2) 72 Parks pricing/funding/expenditure (16.1.1, NPP1) 90 Transport interchanges (6.1.2, 10.4.3, 11.3.2, MII) 72 Police communications channels (2.2.1, 8.2.1, 12.1.1, MPW) 90 Transport modelling (10.2.1, 11.2.1, 13.1.1, ABM) 73 Police complexes (8.1.3, PSS) 91 Transport network pricing (10.2.2, 11.2.2, 13.1.2, TNP) 73 Port rail shuttle (13.3.1, PPM) 91 Universal design (6.1.1, CIM) 73 Public housing asset management (7.2.1, SHA, SHS3) 92 Wallan rail electrification (1.3.8, 10.8.5, WRE1) 74 Public libraries (1.4.5, 5.4.3, 9.4.3, LLH) 92 Waste management sites (15.2.2, FWL) 75 Public space utilisation (1.4.1, 5.2.1, CSU) 93 Waste pricing (15.1.3, HWD) 75 Public transport accessibility (6.1.3, PTV) 93 Water governance (14.1.1, WI02) 76 Public transport real-time information (10.4.1, TNI) 94 Water trading (14.1.2, WME) 76 Public transport resilience (19.1.3, PTN) 94 Webb Dock rail access (13.3.4, WDF) 77 Recycled materials in construction (15.1.1, RMU) 95 Western Interstate Freight Terminal (13.3.3, WIF) 77 Recycled water (non-potable use) (14.2.1, RTH) 96 Wollert transport links (1.3.9, 10.8.6, WRE2) 78 Regional city local buses (12.2.7, RBU)
Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 31
10-car metropolitan trains (10.5.2, HCT2) better integrate cycling and public transport, as well as for strategic, coordinated investments by government and its partners Introduce 10-car high capacity metro trains to operate on into end-of-trip facilities at stations, workplaces, residential lines that run via the Melbourne Metro tunnel within 10-15 developments and other public transport interchanges.5 years to support further patronage growth to the west and southeast, complementing electrification of the Melton line Every major new transport project is now required to include (see Recommendation 1.3.6/10.8.3) and potentially enabling a new or upgraded infrastructure to support active transport. The later extension to Melbourne Airport (see Recommendation Level Crossing Removal Project has been particularly important 10.9.2/11.4.2). in delivering more bicycle storage at train stations (both secure and unsecure).6 Additionally, the ‘Parkiteer’ network, the result of Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. a partnership between Metro Trains and the Bicycle Network, Government supports the intent of this recommendation. has grown to operate more than 100 bicycle parking cages As this recommendation is over 10-15 years, implementation across Victoria.7 will be considered as part of future budgets. While these improvements are welcome, there has been no systematic prioritisation and delivery of bicycle parking at public The Victorian Government has agreed to commission high transport stations and stops, and few upgrades to support cycling capacity trains to run via the Melbourne Metro tunnel.2 It has to or from bus and tram stops. ordered 65 high capacity trains, and testing is now underway. The trains will be capable of carrying 1,110 passengers, initially run Assessment : in progress on the Cranbourne and Pakenham lines, and eventually operate through to Sunbury once the Melbourne Metro tunnel opens.3 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the improvement of active transport infrastructure, as reflected in draft Assessment : in progress recommendations 38 and 39, ‘Partner with local governments to fund pedestrian infrastructure’ and ‘Transform cycling in Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation is Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong’. being met through the purchase of high capacity trains close to current train lengths and continues to recommend ongoing investment in transport solutions that increase rail network capacity, as reflected in draft recommendation 64 'Increase suburban rail Acute/sub-acute health facilities (3.2.2, HIM) corridor services and capacity, including rolling stock options, of Target investment in public acute and sub-acute health which one is longer high capacity trains. facilities to areas experiencing high growth in the outer northern, western and southeastern metropolitan zones of Melbourne and central Victoria over 5-15 years. This will help Active lifestyle facilities (4.2.2, ALP) address existing and forecast service gaps in these areas.
Identify priority locations for, and roll out a program of, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. small-scale improvements to state government facilities to Government supports the intent of this recommendation with promote physical activity over 0-10 years, including bicycle a number of funded projects already announced. As this and equipment lockers in train stations. recommendation is over 5-15 years, its full scope will need to be considered with future budgets. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. As Since 2016, the Victorian Government has invested in, and this recommendation is over 0-10 years, short-term initial delivered, acute and sub-acute health facilities to meet demand progress will need to be supplemented by further funding, from rapidly growing areas in Melbourne. The largest of these to address the full scope of this recommendation. projects have been in inner and middle suburbs; most notably the Joan Kirner Women’s and Children’s Hospital that opened in 2019 In 2017, the Victorian Government allocated funding to improving (originally funded in 2015),8,9 a new Victorian Heart Hospital due to Melbourne’s busiest train stations, including by funding lockers open in 2022,10 and a new $1.5 billion Footscray Hospital planned and bicycle cages to better manage passenger movement and to open in 2025.11 Significant funding has also been allocated to improve amenities at Richmond, Flinders Street and Southern expand facilities at the Frankston Hospital, the Northern Hospital, Cross Stations.4 in Epping, the Monash Medical Centre12 and Sunshine Hospital.13 Planning has also begun for additional hospital capacity in In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Victorian Cycling Melbourne's west, with the 2020-21 Budget allocating funding for Strategy 2018-2028 to guide planning and investment to promote the first stage of a new hospital near Melton and initial planning cycling as a mode of travel. The strategy emphasises the need to for the future expansion of the Werribee Mercy Hospital. 32 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Regional health networks have also received funding for significant Affordable housing fast-track approvals capital works projects. In 2018, $461.6 million in funding was (7.3.1, SHS1) announced for redevelopment and expansion of Ballarat Base Hospital. In the same year, a $115 million expansion for Wonthaggi Provide an alternative statutory approvals process for Hospital was confirmed.15 The 2020-21 Budget allocated $384.2 affordable housing developments by amending the planning million to start the Warrnambool Base Hospital redevelopment system within 0-5 years. This will facilitate growth in the supply and $217 million to expand Latrobe Regional Hospital, $5.2 million of affordable housing by ensuring projects are not subject for planning the expansion of Maryborough Hospital, and $3.6 to lengthy approvals processes, while still incorporating million towards planning and design for a new Women's and local community issues in the decision-making process. Children's Hospital. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Smaller commitments include: $85 million to complete the Government supports this recommendation and will expansion of acute facilities at the Werribee Mercy Hospital; address in the five-year Plan Melbourne Implementation $59.5 million for a new rehabilitation centre at Bendigo Hospital16,17; in the next two years. $31.4 million to expand the Royal Children’s Hospital18; $7 million for planning the third stage of the Latrobe Regional Hospital The Victorian Government has made several commitments to Redevelopment19; $6 million for planning the redevelopment of providing an alternative approvals process for affordable housing. the Frankston Hospital;20 $5.9 million to plan dedicated children’s This has primarily been committed to and implemented through emergency department at the Northern, Frankston, Casey, the $2.5 billion Homes for Victorians plan, which aims to increase Maroondah and Geelong University Hospitals21; $4.6 million and renew public housing and address homelessness, under for planning the Angliss Hospital expansion at Ferntree Gully22,23; which $185 million was allocated to the Public Housing Renewal and $2.4 million for planning the redevelopment of Wangaratta Program,27 and the recently announced reforms to accompany Hospital24,25. Victoria's Big Housing Build program.28 In response to COVID-19, the Victorian Government has committed Initiative 2 of the Homes for Victorians plan recognises the significant additional funds to increase the capacity of public importance of increasing the supply of housing through faster hospitals. In April 2020, it announced an additional $1.9 billion to planning, and the need to ‘Speed up planning processes to increase bed capacity statewide by more than 700, including facilitate housing supply’ (Initiative 2.5). To progress this initiative, through recommissioning buildings that were no longer used for the Victorian Government committed to expediting social housing health care. Works were identified at the former Peter MacCallum projects through the Fast Track Government Land Service and a Cancer Institute, the former Geelong Private Hospital, Bendigo 4-year extension of the ‘Streamlining for Growth’ program, which Hospital, Shepparton Hospital, the Alfred Hospital, Austin Hospital, aims to provide support and capacity building for councils in Monash Medical Centre Clayton and Casey Hospital.26 In the processing planning applications.29 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government allocated an extra $2.7 billion to support hospital services' transition to 'COVID A 2017 inquiry by the Parliament of Victoria into the Public Housing normal', including to deliver elective surgeries deferred during the Renewal Program recommended the Minister for Planning consider pandemic. These investments were, however, made in response ‘the views of relevant local councils when making planning to a short-term need rather than in response to projections of decisions regarding the Public Housing Renewal Program’.30 long-term demand. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Victorian Government Assessment : in progress established a dedicated taskforce to help oversee fast-tracking of planning approvals.31 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the expansion of hospital capacity to accommodate projected service demand, As part of the reforms to back Victoria's Big Housing Build program particularly from Melbourne’s rapidly growing and relatively under announced in November 2020, two amendments to the Victorian serviced outer suburbs and new growth areas. This is reflected in Planning Provisions have been approved which will fast track all draft recommendation 74 of the draft strategy, ‘Build new hospital affordable housing projects funded under the Big Housing Build capacity’. program and those being delivered by or on behalf of the Director of Housing.32
Assessment : substantially complete
Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of this recommendation has been met. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 33
Affordable housing plan (7.4.1, SCP) is undertaking actions that will provide uplift to private land values (such as improved public transport access or land Develop a statewide plan for the provision of affordable rezoning). Other incentivised planning provisions, such as housing within 0-5 years so that a more comprehensive, floor area ratio bonuses, are appropriate for development on coordinated approach is taken, bringing efficiency and privately owned land. This work should be done in consultation certainty to the significant expenditure required. The plan with local government, the private sector and community should be led by an overarching affordable housing strategy housing organisations. that would outline the full range of interventions to be implemented to address the unmet requirement, in addition to Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. the provision of affordable housing assets. The detail of the Government agrees with the intent of this recommendation; plan should provide targets for a pipeline of different affordable however notes there are various ways for our planning housing assets in locations across the state over 30 years and system to support the delivery of affordable housing. nominate government land provision and funding streams. Through Homes for Victorians there are a number of initiatives that will explore options to address this Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. recommendation scheduled for implementation within Government supports the need to increase investment in two years. public housing asset management over the next 0-5 years. This will occur through the existing asset management The Victorian Government has made several commitments to program, the recently announced estate redevelopment reviewing planning provisions and implementing inclusionary zoning. program and the transfer of management responsibilities to These have primarily been made through the Homes for Victorians the community housing sector. plan,35 which aimed to increase and renew public housing and address homelessness. The Victorian Government took a step towards a statewide plan for the provision of affordable housing in releasing the Homes for Initiative 2.4 of the Homes for Victorians plan, ‘Inclusionary housing Victorians Plan in 2017. Under this plan, $2.5 billion was committed to increase the supply of social and affordable housing’, includes to increase and renew public housing and address homelessness. commitments to both: running an inclusionary pilot over three years Most of the initiatives in the Homes for Victorians plan were set to deliver up to 100 social housing dwellings on vacant government within a 2-4 year timeframe (with the notable exception of the land in established suburbs; and adopting inclusionary housing in 36 $1 billion Social Housing Growth Fund) and do not provide a major developments over four years. The Victorian Government medium to long-term strategy.33 also committed to fast-tracking the rezoning process through the Fast Track Government Land Service.37 Announced in November 2020, Victoria's Big Housing Build program includes a commitment to develop a 10-year strategy The Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning has for social and affordable housing with the not-for-profit sector and developed a voluntary inclusionary zoning framework to facilitate industry, which will be supported by a rolling 4-year supply and the delivery of inclusionary zoning between local government and 38 delivery plan.34 the private sector, known as affordable housing agreements. While significant progress has been made in introducing a voluntary Assessment : in progress scheme and defining affordable housing in the Victoria Planning Provisions,39 research by the Australian Housing and Urban Infrastructure Victoria awaits completion of the Victorian Research Institute shows that outcomes for voluntary schemes Government 10-year strategy for social and affordable housing and relating to affordable supply outcomes are limited and unclear.40 continues to recommend a strategic approach to the development of affordable housing, and this is reflected in draft recommendation In September 2019, the Minister for Planning established a 73 of the draft strategy, ‘Set targets to grow social housing’. Ministerial Advisory Committee to provide independent advice on possible models and options to facilitate the supply of affordable housing through the Victorian planning system. Affordable housing planning mechanisms At the time of writing, the Committee's report had not been (7.3.2, SAH, AHR) publicly released, but it has proposed reconsideration of the current voluntary framework.41 Review planning provisions and implement inclusionary zoning and/or provide incentives to deliver affordable rental housing in areas that are appropriate for high and medium density housing and close to public transport and services within 0-5 years. Inclusionary zoning should be considered primarily for government land and in areas where government 34 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Assessment : in progress providing low cost long-term loans to housing associations, and a commitment to investigate a loan system for community housing Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend planning organisations.45 mechanisms that better facilitate affordable housing in areas with good transport access and amenity, including through inclusionary In November 2020, the Victorian Government announced its $5.3 zoning. This is reflected in draft recommendation 36 of the draft billion Victoria's Big Housing Build program.46 This includes more strategy, ‘Deliver very low income housing with inclusionary zoning’. than 9,300 new social housing dwellings, $300 million to upgrade existing public housing and 2,900 new affordable and market homes for first home buyers and renters over the next four years. Affordable housing provision Reforms accompanying the build include creating Homes Victoria, a (7.4.3, SHE, ARH) new agency transforming the current governance model for social and affordable housing delivery; developing a 10-year social and Significantly increase the provision of social housing and affordable housing strategy with rolling four-year supply and delivery support investment by the private sector in the provision of plans; developing a compact with local government; and fast- affordable private rental housing over 0-30 years, with a strong tracking planning processes for social and affordable housing response in the early part of this period to deal with significant developments.47 unmet demand. The current shortfall in affordable housing Other commitments include the Public Housing Renewal Program, for low-income households requires government to think which will develop up to 2,500 public housing dwellings, both new differently and recognise dedicated affordable housing as and replacement properties,48 and funding in the 2019-20 Victorian key infrastructure. Increasing the supply of social housing is Budget to build an additional 1,000 public housing dwellings.49 relatively straightforward: more state government investment leads to more housing. Increasing the supply of affordable Assessment : in progress private rental housing is more complex because it requires subsidisation or planning mechanisms to be introduced by Infrastructure Victoria notes the considerable commitments made the Victorian Government (as noted under Recommendation for the next four years and continues to recommend a focused 7.3.2) or mechanisms to be adopted by the Commonwealth effort in providing more social housing. This is reflected in draft Government to attract private sector investment, given that recommendation 73 of the draft strategy, ‘Set targets to grow state governments do not control the relevant financial levers. social housing’.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Government agrees with the intent of the recommendation Aged care facility approvals (3.4.1, UPA) and Homes for Victorians significantly boosts investment in social housing. Further consideration is required into the role Enable more aged care facilities to be provided in established of the private sector in the provision of affordable private areas by reviewing and removing planning and regulatory rental, which can be considered through future monitoring barriers for private and community sector aged care and review to align with the 0-30 year timeframe of this developments within 0-5 years. This will allow more people recommendation. to age in their current neighbourhoods.
The Victorian Government has made several significant Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government commitments to providing social and affordable private rental supports this recommendation and will address in the five-year housing since 2016. In its $2.5 billion Homes for Victorians plan, Plan Melbourne implementation over the next two years. the Victorian Government committed to: The Victorian Government has taken demonstrable steps towards \ running an inclusionary pilot over three years to deliver up to the removal of planning and regulatory barriers for aged care 100 social housing dwellings on vacant government land in facilities. In 2016, the Managing Residential Development Advisory established suburbs; and adopting inclusionary housing in Committee recommended a range of measures to allow the 42 major developments over four years. development of residential aged care facilities within existing 50 \ $1 billion to a 'new Social Housing Growth Fund’.43 This fund residential areas, such as building height exemptions. aims to support approximately 2,200 additional households The 2017 Plan Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Strategy contained with social and affordable housing over five years through a range of measures to improve housing choice, including aged rental subsidies and the construction of dwellings on non- care facilities.51 The Implementation Plan for Plan Melbourne government land.44 required the development and implementation of a streamlined \ a $1 billion loan guarantee program to help housing associations approvals process for specific housing types, such as aged care, reduce their financing costs, a $100 million evolvingr loan facility which address local housing gaps.52 Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 35
In 2019, following a review of aged care accommodation policy53 As part of improved planning, AEMO publishes electricity generators by the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, the expected closure years which enhances transparency for energy Minister for Planning adopted draft Amendment VC152 to the security and emissions reduction planning. All of Victoria’s brown Victoria Planning Provisions.54 This amendment introduced a range coal generators are expected to close before 2050.60 However, of changes, intended to facilitate well-designed residential aged the Victorian Government is yet to set its interim greenhouse gas care facilities without unreasonably impacting the amenity of emissions reduction targets for 2025 and 2030. adjoining buildings.55,56 The most significant change was a new clause, 53.17, which updated planning requirements to allow Assessment : in progress residential aged care facilities to be of greater height (up to 16 Infrastructure Victoria recommends continuing efforts in the energy metres tall), with taller buildings allowed in some areas, and which transition for electricity, reflected in draft recommendations 2, 3 and permitted structures to occupy a greater share of aged care sites. 10 in the draft strategy; ‘Augment electricity transmission for Other changes included amendments to vehicular and pedestrian renewable energy and resilience’, ‘Identify and coordinate priority access to recognise the particular needs of aged care residents, Renewable Energy Zones’, and ‘Strategically review climate and adjustments to rules around overshadowing, building setbacks consequences for infrastructure’. (from the street, side and rear), boundary walls, access to daylight for windows, noise impacts, and communal open space.57
Assessment : substantially complete City Loop reconfiguration (10.10.1, CLR)
Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation Reconfigure the City Loop within the early part of 15-30 has been met. years to deliver a major capacity uplift to the Craigieburn and Upfield corridors and enable electrification to Wallan (see Recommendation 1.3.8/10.8.5). Further planning for Brown coal transition (18.2.1, BCL, BCA) the City Loop reconfiguration should focus on developing network plans that optimise the way people move around Develop policy mechanisms within 0-5 years for innovation the network, given the project will significantly increase or exit of brown coal energy generation to provide clearer the level of passenger interchange. It should also minimise signals and certainty to industry and the community and disruption to rail customers during construction, leveraging contribute to reduction targets for greenhouse gas emissions. the capacity available shortly after completion of Melbourne This would consider impacts on energy prices, infrastructure Metro expected in 2025. associated with energy security (such as changes to the grid) and transition assistance. Policy mechanisms that could Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. be investigated include: environmental standards on coal Government supports the intent of this recommendation. generation licences; reverse auction process for coal As implementation is over 15-30 years, it will need to be generation, noting that adopting this mechanism is likely considered as part of future budgets. to require Victoria to play an advocacy role to national agencies as its implementation requires participation Since the release of Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy in of other jurisdictions. 2016, the Victorian Government has not announced any new funding for planning work to reconfigure the City Loop. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Subject to future consideration. The Government is committed to supporting Although our 2016 recommendation was for full delivery over 15-30 the transition of Latrobe Valley workers following the years, considerable planning and technical work will be required announcement of Hazelwood’s closure. The Latrobe Valley ahead of time to maximise the benefit of the reconfiguration and Authority has been established to lead the government minimise disruptions for travellers during construction. This work response and manage the transition and future economic will need to start soon if the project is to be able to capitalise on the development in this area. delivery of Melbourne Metro, which is now planned for 2025.61 The window of opportunity to deliver the project will close as demand The Climate Change Act 2017 sets a target of net zero greenhouse continues to increase, and the network may only temporarily have gas emissions by 2050. In 2017, the Premier released a statement enough spare capacity to change train service patterns during on the future of coal use in Victoria, sending a signal to industry construction. about future development.58 In addition, the Australian Energy Additionally, our modelling suggests the Craigieburn and Upfield Market Operator (AEMO) has undertaken extensive planning for lines will soon reach capacity. Increasing demand for services on the National Energy Market through the Integrated System Plan.59 these lines is being driven by the expansion of the northern growth This includes recommendations for transmission investments to corridor beyond Craigieburn to Donnybrook, Beveridge and Wallan, support the energy transition. as well as urban intensification along the two rail lines.62 36 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Assessment : not commenced Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports increases in coastal protection Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the City Loop be infrastructure, as appropriate. As this recommendation is reconfigured to improve passenger rail services, and this is reflected over 5-30 years, implementation will be considered as part in draft recommendation 65 of the draft strategy, ‘Reconfigure the of future budgets. City Loop for cross-city train services’.
Since 2016, Victorian Government investments have been ad hoc and included $4 million to monitor coastal flooding, erosion and Clyde rail extension (1.3.7, 10.8.4, CRE) land stability,69 $15 million to replace critical coastal protection assets,70 $7.2 million for coastal planning and management Construct an extension of the Cranbourne rail line from including maintaining assets such as beaches, groynes and Cranbourne to Clyde within 10-15 years to connect this seawalls,71 $4.8 million to prepare the Barwon region for climate designated growth precinct with the central city, including change, focussing on coastal infrastructure renewal.72 The Victorian assessment of options to use alternative modes. This will Government's Building Works stimulus package allocated $11 provide better access to high growth areas in the southeast million to coastal maintenance and erosion management projects,73 of Melbourne. and the 2020-21 Budget provided an extra $15.9 million to safeguard marine and coastal environments in 2021-22. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. As The Victorian Government passed the Marine and Coastal Act this recommendation is over 10-15 years, implementation will 2018, which came into effect on 1 August 2018.74 The Act provides be considered as part of future budgets. a simpler, more integrated and coordinated approach to planning and managing the marine and coastal environment by: The Victorian Government has funded upgrades to the Cranbourne Line with the objective of enabling services to run every ten minutes \ enabling protection of the coastline and the ability to address and pave the way for a future rail extension to Clyde.63,64 The project the long-term challenges of climate change, population growth includes track upgrades, the removal of level crossings, and larger and ageing coastal structures trains. The 2019/20 Budget outlines funding of $750 million to plan \ ensuring that partners work together to achieve the best and deliver the duplication of eight kilometres of single track from outcomes for Victoria’s marine and coastal environment. Dandenong to Cranbourne,65,66 without which the train line cannot be extended to Clyde.67 It has not purchased all of the land needed In 2018, the Victorian Government began developing a new draft for a rail extension and extra stations. The Victorian Government Marine and Coastal Policy,75 which was finalised and published in committed $7 million to undertake vital planning work for Clyde early 2020.76 The policy provides guidance for decisions on coastal Rail Link.68 issues, including climate change, population growth and ageing coastal structures.77 Assessment : in progress In a 2018 audit of coastal assets, the Victorian Auditor-General’s Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend increases to rail Office (VAGO) found that government agencies are not managing capacity to Melbourne’s southeast, as well as other rapidly-growing coastal assets adequately to protect them from current and future areas in the city’s north and west. This is reflected in draft hazards.78 The Department of Environment, Land, Water and recommendations 64 and 69 of the draft strategy; ‘Increase Planning was seeking funding in the 2018-19 Budget to support the suburban rail corridor services and capacity’ and ‘Expand rail reforms and for a range of critical coastal improvement programs, access in outer suburbs’. but funding was not allocated.79 VAGO found that there is a real risk of Victorians losing valued assets and infrastructure along the coast.80 Coastal protection infrastructure (19.1.4, CPI) Assessment : in progress Infrastructure Victoria notes the considerable progress made to date Improve coastal protection infrastructure over 5-30 years, and continues to recommend protective coastal infrastructure. This focussing on key locations proximate to the coast where is reflected in draft recommendation 16 of the draft strategy, ‘Invest assets of state importance are at risk from rising sea levels in protecting Victoria’s coasts’. and extreme weather and tidal events. The first step is for government to develop the ongoing technical capacity and expertise to monitor and collect data on the impacts of coastal hazards, develop a systematic approach to identifying priorities and provide advice to relevant infrastructure managers. Cost sharing arrangements should also be explored. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 37
Communications infrastructure announced in the 2020-21 Budget. However, given the critical (12.1.3, 19.1.2, ETP) importance of digital connectivity, further highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, Infrastructure Victoria continues to Improve internet and mobile phone connectivity across recommend improving digital connectivity in regional areas, Victoria, and particularly in major economic centres and including to promote business innovation and competitiveness. rural and regional areas, over 0-10 years by using the This is reflected in draft recommendation 80 of the draft strategy, Victorian Government’s existing communications infrastructure 'Continue to address regional Victoria's digital connectivity gaps.' base and significant purchasing power to maximise benefits from the NBN roll-out (and other Commonwealth initiatives) and ventures by private sector telecommunications providers. Community cultural facilities (5.1.2, CCF) This would require a coordinated, partnership-based approach, with state government departments and agencies working Develop a stronger evidence base and more transparent with each other and with other levels of government and decision-making processes to support future state government the private sector to identify and pursue opportunities investment in community cultural infrastructure within 0-5 to provide better services. years. This should include consideration of the condition and use of existing facilities, gaps in provision and demand Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government forecasts, changing trends in participation and more integrated supports the recommendation and agrees that providing fast delivery models. Opportunities for integrating community and reliable internet and mobile phone connectivity across cultural facilities with schools should be considered where Victoria is a priority, particularly in regional and rural areas. schools are well located.
Since 2018, the Victorian Government has made a number of Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. investments in improved internet and mobile phone connectivity in Government supports this recommendation as it aligns regional areas, in partnership with the Australian Government and with Plan Melbourne and the Government’s creative internet providers. These investments have included $55 million in industries strategy. Initial work is underway for a review 193 new mobile towers to fix blackspots in regional areas, $31.7 of an assessment methodology that will inform future million in broadband demonstration projects and free Wi-Fi in investments and grant allocations. regional areas, and $18 million to fund mobile connectivity improvements along the Geelong, Ballarat, Bendigo, Traralgon and The Victorian Government has taken a number of steps towards Seymour rail lines.81,82,83 Pilots of free public Wi-Fi in Bendigo and more transparent investment process for community cultural Ballarat are to be extended to Shepparton and Geelong, while pilots infrastructure. of high quality business broadband are being conducted in Morwell, In 2016, Creative State 2016-2020, Victoria’s first creative industries North Geelong and Horsham.84, 85, 86, 87, 88 strategy, was launched. The strategy contained 40 targeted actions The 2020-21 Victorian Budget included significant funding for 'to grow the state's creative and cultural economy, provide digital connectivity through the $626 million Digital Future Now opportunities for Victorians to embark on creative careers and initiative. This includes $250 million to co-fund business-grade enjoy creative experiences, and position Victoria as a globally broadband connectivity, in conjunction with industry partners, and recognised creative state'.89 The next iteration of the creative $300 million to eradicate mobile blackspots in populated areas of industries strategy is due to be released in 2020. Consultation regional Victoria (subject to a co-contribution from the Australian on the new strategy finished in late 2019 and resulted in guiding Government). principles reflecting a focus on diversity, Aboriginal Victoria and a holistic approach (‘First Peoples first’, ‘Whole of state’, ‘Whole The NBN's $4.5 billion Network Investment Plan, funded by private of ecosystem’ and ‘All voices welcome’).90 debt, was approved by the Australian Government in 2020. It aims to bring high-speed broadband to more homes and businesses. In 2017, the Victorian Parliament passed the Creative Victoria Act This includes provision for NBN to work with state governments to 2017. This Act requires the Minister to promote, improve access to, identify areas for future investment. The Australian Government's and grow participation in, the arts and creative industries while Regional Connectivity Program, which complements the roll-out of assisting with the provision and display of artistic and creative the NBN, will also support delivery of reliable and affordable digital industries’ products.91 services in regional Australia. When designing schools, the Victorian School Building Authority Assessment : in progress (VSBA) is increasingly considering scope for shared facilities, including whether sports, arts, health and other facilities could be Infrastructure Victoria notes considerable plans for improving used by the local community outside of school hours. Such shared internet and mobile connectivity, particularly in regional areas, facilities offer benefits for both newer communities, which have 38 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
grown faster than community resources, and established areas, In 2019, the Victorian Government announced the Community where existing facilities might be dated. The Creative State Strategy Infrastructure Loans Scheme, under which local governments can 2020-2024 should help to guide investment in this sector.92 borrow sums between $500,000 and $10 million from the Treasury Corporation of Victoria at interest rates lower than are commercially Assessment : in progress available.97 These loans can fund 100% of project costs and be used in conjunction with other assistance such as government Infrastructure Victoria notes considerable progress to date on this grants.98 Eligible projects include spaces such as community recommendation, and that continued improvements should centres and hubs, multipurpose community facilities, continue to be delivered through the normal business of kindergartens, and early learning facilities and parks.99 Loans government. for upgrades are not prioritised over the construction of new assets. In practice, the scheme prioritises local governments with expanding revenue bases – and thus most able to repay loans – Community space refurb/rationalisation over those without, which may exclude councils with a greater (1.5.5, 2.3.2, 5.4.2, CSR) demonstratable need. This is problematic for rural councils, which are less likely to have a large revenue base, often struggle to afford Create an incentive fund with clear criteria to assist local the upgrades required to ensure their varied and geographically government, service providers and community organisations dispersed infrastructure is accessible, safe and able to support a to refurbish or rationalise community assets (such as range of services, and which can find it difficult to divest existing kindergartens, sports facilities and parks) over 0-30 years assets due to the limited potential for purchases or community to better meet the needs of the community, while ensuring opposition to asset sale.100 financial sustainability. A reasonable level of funding would be required as an incentive, with local governments and other Assessment : in progress organisations placing bids to government on the basis of demonstrating a significant service gap, refurbishment Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend requirements, resource constraints and efforts to divest the Victorian Government support local councils to make the surplus or ineffective assets. most of community infrastructure, including through refurbishment and rationalisation where appropriate. This is reflected in draft Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. recommendation 90 of the draft strategy, ‘Support regional councils Government supports the intent of this recommendation, to update, repurpose or retire outdated community infrastructure’. with the Growing Suburbs Fund providing funding to interface councils for refurbishment and expansion of community facilities. The Community Sport and Recreation Facilities Community space shared use agreements Strategy will also help to guide investment in sport and (1.4.2, 2.3.1, 5.2.2, CSS1) recreation facilities. As this recommendation is for 0-30 years, future budget consideration will be needed to Better support the sharing of state facilities by local further investment. government, service providers and community organisations by standardising shared use agreements and providing The Victorian Government’s actions on community space supporting tools and guidelines within 0-5 years. As a first refurbishment and rationalisation have primarily been through step, there should be a review of the effectiveness of existing the Growing Suburbs Fund and the Community Infrastructure agreements and barriers to the use of these agreements. Loans Scheme. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Since 2015, the Growing Suburbs Fund has been provided $710 Government supports the intent of this recommendation but million93 to support investments in local infrastructure within the will need to give further consideration to its implementation fast-growing outer suburbs of Melbourne.94 The Victorian through existing strategies and funding programs. Future Government provided new funding of $75.2 million in the 2020-21 funding may be required depending on the future Budget and extended the fund to peri-urban councils. 95 The implementation actions. Victorian Government has described the Growing Suburbs Fund as a mechanism for prioritising communities that can demonstrate a Sharing facilities, particularly school facilities remains important. service gap, need for refurbishment, constrained resources or a In May 2019, the Victorian Government released guidelines, commitment to divest ineffective assets. However, the Fund instructions and explanatory notes for completing joint use appears to prioritise ‘shovel-ready’ projects that can be actioned proposals.101 immediately96 rather than areas most in need. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 39
Assessment : substantially complete Assessment: substantially complete
Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation has been met. Preparing joint use agreements with other facilities has been met. will remain important and is reflected in draft recommendation 89 of the draft strategy, ‘Deliver multipurpose shared social service facilities in the regions’. Community use of TAFE assets (9.4.2, TAF)
Community sport/recreation facilities Conduct an audit of TAFE assets to understand opportunities (4.3.2, SRF) for shared community use of facilities within 0-5 years, including for community education providers to deliver courses Develop a stronger evidence base and more transparent on TAFE sites. Sharing these facilities with a wider range decision-making processes to support future state government of groups would assist in maintaining the longer-term viability investment in community sport and recreation infrastructure of these assets. within 0-5 years. This should include consideration of the condition and use of existing facilities, gaps in provision Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government and demand forecasts, changing trends in participation and supports conducting an audit of TAFE assets. Utilising these more integrated delivery models. The focus should be on assets as community facilities will assist in maintaining the enabling the development of facilities that meet the needs longer-term viability and increase the integration of TAFEs into of communities across multiple LGAs. Opportunities for their communities. Closer links between TAFEs and the integrating community sports facilities with schools should community will also help improve the quality of services and be considered where schools are well located. education for communities.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Since 2016, the Victorian Government has established ten supports this recommendation as it aligns with Active Victoria ‘Tech Schools’ in Ballarat, Banyule Nillumbik, Bendigo, Casey, and will be fully addressed through the development of the Geelong, Gippsland, Monash, Whittlesea, Wyndham and the Community Sport and Recreation Facility Strategy. Yarra Ranges. These aim to provide innovative, problem-based education programs that give students practical experience with In 2017, the Victorian Government released Active Victoria, a access to the latest technology and equipment.107 Tech Schools are strategic framework for sport and recreation. The framework built on land belonging to Technical and Further Education (TAFE) recognises that high-level priorities include: meeting demand and institutions or university campuses to introduce school students increasing the capacity of sport and recreation infrastructure; to tertiary education, and use TAFE assets to offer subjects that broadening participation and making it more inclusive; a greater would be otherwise unavailable at school.108 focus on active recreation; building system resilience and capacity; and better connecting investment in events, high performance and The Victorian Government is currently undergoing community infrastructure.102 These broadly align with the considerations listed consultation regarding a new library and learning hub in in our recommendation. Warrnambool. The position of the new hub will be on located on the South West TAFE campus, demonstrating a partnership with local Since 2016, grants programs for local sport and recreation government, with the land asset on which the TAFE sits on infrastructure have also become more informed by an evidence- belonging to the Victorian Government.109 based strategy which identifies local needs. Both the Local Sports and Infrastructure Fund and the Community Sports Infrastructure While the Victorian Auditor-General’s Office undertakes annual 110 Stimulus Fund, overseen by Sport and Recreation Victoria, have financial audits of TAFE institutes , Infrastructure Victoria is not clear definitions for eligible applications and stipulate outcomes to aware of the existence of any audit of TAFE assets by the Victorian be achieved by successful grants.103,104 Government to understand opportunities for shared community use of facilities. The Local Sports and Infrastructure Fund also encourages partnerships with schools to deliver shared sporting facilities Assessment : in progress on school sites.105 This complements efforts by the Department Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the organisation and of Education and Training to deliver competition-standard sports support of shared facilities by the Victorian Government, and this is courts with new schools that can be shared with their surrounding reflected in draft recommendation 89 of the draft strategy, ‘Deliver communities.106 multipurpose shared social service facilities in the regions’. 40 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Courts in high growth areas (8.1.2, JDG) budgets and the investment priorities identified through the Court Services Victoria Strategic Asset Plan. Deliver new or refurbished courts and tribunals into a number of high growth metropolitan Melbourne areas and Although implementation of this recommendation was not due to regional centres over 0-15 years. The immediate priorities begin until 2031, improvement to the Melbourne court system has are Wyndham, Dandenong and Bendigo. These should begun. Funding has been announced for upgraded ICT at the be delivered in most instances as integrated facilities Supreme Court and security upgrades for both the Melbourne (see Recommendation 8.1.1). Magistrates’ Court and the Melbourne Children’s Court.114
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Responding to COVID-19, the Magistrates’ Court has moved to Government supports the intent of this recommendation, allow the limited use of remote testimony for filing hearings where with current investments directed to priority areas. Further the accused is on summons or bail. In these circumstances, the budget consideration will be required to implement the full accused is not required to attend, provided their legal representative scope of this recommendation over the next 15 years. attends.115 VCAT begun work on upgrades to allow remote hearings and includes project management software, software programmers, Since the release of the 2016 Strategy, the Victorian Government software licenses, information technology hardware and digitisation has provided funding for planning and land acquisition at both the and scanning of paper files.116 In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Werribee and Bendigo law courts. A further $166.2 million for the Government allocated $20.7 million to support courts continuing to Bendigo Law Courts was provided in the 2019-20 Budget,111 and operate effectively and efficiently, which includes audio visual and $272 million was provided for the new Wyndham Law Court, which other technology upgrades at the County Court and a program to will be part of a future Wyndham justice precinct that will also increase the Magistrates' Courts' capacity to hear matters remotely. include a new police station. No announcements have been made A new Bail and Remand Court has also been established, with regarding the Dandenong law court. operation commencing in May 2018.117 Infrastructure Victoria Specialist Family Violence Courts have been created in Ballarat understands Courts Services Victoria is currently developing and Shepparton, with Moorabbin, Frankston and Heidelberg to a plan for Victoria's future court infrastructure needs.118 open by the end of 2020.112 Infrastructure Victoria understands Assessment : in progress Courts Services Victoria is currently developing a plan for Victoria's 113 future court infrastructure needs. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend investments which alleviate demand pressures on Melbourne’s courts, this is reflected Assessment : in progress in draft recommendation 22 of the draft strategy, ‘Modernise courts Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend a modernised, through digitisation and contemporary shared facilities’. flexible court system, to deal with increased demand, and this is reflected in draft recommendation 22 of the draft strategy, ‘Modernise courts through digitisation and contemporary Courts maintenance (8.3.2, CMD) shared facilities’. Address a backlog in maintenance for high-demand courts over 0-15 years to enable safer and more accessible Courts in Melbourne's CBD (8.3.4, JLP) environments, improve functionality and drive efficiencies of existing courts and tribunals. Address growing demand pressures on courts in the CBD legal precinct by delivering a program of development and Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. refurbishment over 15-30 years that enables court and tribunal Government supports the intent of this recommendation as it buildings in the precinct to be used as multi-jurisdictional aligns with the Court Services Victoria Strategic Asset Plan. facilities focussed on either criminal or civil matters that can While some progress will be made, as this recommendation hear VCAT and Children’s, Magistrates’, County and Supreme is over 0-15 years, further investment will be considered with Court matters. In the interim, opportunities to optimise the use future budgets. of existing facilities should be pursued, such as reviewing operating hours. The Victorian Government and Court Services Victoria have developed a strategy to ensure that Victorian Magistrates’ Court Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. headquarter courts meet safety, security, privacy and access Government supports the intent of this recommendation and standards.119 These initiatives will provide safe waiting areas, will consider options to make best use of existing facilities in proper security staffing and equipment, remote witness facilities, the next five years. As this recommendation is over 15-30 as well as accessibility and usability improvements.120 years, further investment will be considered with future Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 41
The delivery of five Specialist Family Violence Courts, at This was followed by the Victorian Government Rough Sleeping Shepparton, Frankston, Ballarat, Heidelberg and Moorabbin, Action Plan in 2018.127 The plan included funding for assertive required the facilities at these locations to undergo upgrades. outreach, multidisciplinary teams to deliver individualised ongoing These upgrades were completed at Shepparton, Ballarat case management, as well as extra funds for supportive housing and Moorabbin in 2019, with Frankston and Heidelberg and crisis accommodation.128 tendered in late 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic has boosted investment in homelessness As covered previously, significant investments are also being made services. In March 2020, the Victorian Government provided extra in the expansion and refurbishment of the Bendigo and Shepparton funding to homeless agencies with extra resources and help ensure law courts. Other projects to improve security at courts across people experiencing homelessness had secure accommodation Victoria are currently underway.121 to stay safe during the pandemic,129 and repurposing aged care sites to provide self-isolation facilities for Victorians experiencing Assessment : in progress homelessness.130 This followed by an extension of Housing Establishment Funding to continue providing temporary Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend a modernised, accommodation,131 and further support to help find more flexible court system, which can deal with increased demand, permanent housing to those using temporary accommodation and this is reflected in draft recommendation 22 of the draft during the crisis.132 strategy, ‘Modernise courts through digitisation and contemporary shared facilities’. While these initiatives are welcome, there remains a significant shortfall in social and affordable housing. The private market has not supplied the kind of housing required to support Victoria’s most Crisis accommodation and supportive vulnerable people, and the Victorian Government has not delivered housing (7.4.2, CHP, TSA) enough social housing to meet current and projected need.
Continue to expand access to crisis accommodation and Assessment : substantially complete supportive housing responses within 0-5 years. An increase in Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend more housing – short-term housing is required for highly vulnerable Victorians, and particularly social housing – be provided to support vulnerable particularly people experiencing homelessness, households people. This is reflected in draft recommendation 73 of the draft escaping family violence, people exiting prison and young strategy, ‘Set targets to grow social housing’. people without independent living skills. The effectiveness of this approach is highly dependent on there being an increased supply of housing for people to transition into Critical infrastructure contingency planning for the longer term. (19.2.1, CSB) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Introduce regulatory and contractual requirements for public supports this recommendation and will meet expected and private operators of critical infrastructure to develop demand over the next 4-5 years, noting that continual and maintain adequate contingency plans for the delivery monitoring of future demand should occur. of essential services in the event of major disruptions, particularly ICT failures, within 0-5 years. The Victorian Government has made several commitments to expanding crisis accommodation and supportive responses through Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. 122 the Homes for Victorians plan. Under Initiative 5 of this plan, the Government supports the intent of this recommendation with Victorian Government recognised the need to improve housing the establishment of the Victoria State Emergency Services services for people in need. It stated it would work to assist 19,000 headquarters and critical assets to be addressed in the next homeless Victorians to stable housing through the investment four years. Further consideration is required in future budgets of $109 million over five years in leasing support, crisis to address this recommendation in full. accommodation and support services (Initiative 5.1).123 It also announced it would spend $10 million over two years to provide Since the publication of the 2016 strategy, the Victorian accommodation and support services to those sleeping rough in Government has addressed the requirements of this the City of Melbourne (Initiative 5.2),124 and $152 million over three recommendation. This has been done through the development of years to support people facing family violence through providing Victoria’s first Cyber Security Strategy.133 Emergency Management 300 new social housing properties, redeveloped refuges, private Victoria has updated its Critical Infrastructure All Sectors Resilience rental assistance and support services (Initiative 5.3)125. Lastly, the Report, releasing a new framework in 2018 which seeks to plan announced $30 million to upgrade rooming houses and continually strengthen critical infrastructure resilience and limit facilities in the community housing sector (Initiative 5.4).126 significant disruption to essential services.134 The Inspector-General 42 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
of Emergency Management has transitioned from monitoring closely with local government. The immediate first step is to and implementation of the critical infrastructure resilience deliver improvements on state government roads and land and arrangements to assessing their efficiency and effectiveness.135 in other significant locations (such as the central subregion of Melbourne). An accelerated roll-out beyond current funding Assessment : substantially complete commitments should include: expanding walking and cycling networks, including to address missing links, improving Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend contingency standards for existing walking and cycling networks, in planning for critical infrastructure, and this is reflected in draft particular the separation of walking and cycling paths and recommendation 60 of the draft strategy, 'Expand the legislated also from other road users, identifying and prioritising locations definition of critical infrastructure and improve information flows.' where grade-separated bicycle highways in the central city could facilitate safer and more direct access into and across central Melbourne. Critical infrastructure control systems (19.1.1, ECS) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation, Ensure security of control systems for critical infrastructure and full implementation over 0-15 years will be considered is continually strengthened to meet best-practice standards as part of future budgets. through regulatory change and contractual agreements within 0-5 years. In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Victorian Cycling Strategy 2018-2028 to guide planning and investment to promote Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. cycling as a mode of travel. The strategy emphasises the need to Government supports the intent of this recommendation and invest in a better connected network, prioritise strategic cycling has developed a Cyber Security Strategy. The rolling program corridors and update guidelines for these corridors.139 To support of work commenced in July 2017, with the full scope subject the strategy and 'provide a lower-stress cycling experience', the to future budget processes. Victorian Government committed $22.7 million for 12 projects to make the roads safer for cyclists and pedestrians.140,141 The Victorian Government has released a 23 point plan to improve cyber resilience and governance in government, major infrastructure In 2019, the Victorian Government allocated $15 million for a and service providers.136 The Victoria Government Cyber Security package of upgrades under its ‘Walking and cycling upgrades – Strategy 2016-2020 appoints a Chief Information Security Officer to Stage 2’ program. Upgrades were planned to be delivered by 2022, oversee the response to cyber threats and co-ordinate government and include: investigation and planning for a Strategic Cycling action; develop cyber emergency governance arrangements; Corridor between Box Hill and Hawthorn; bike path upgrades at strengthen intelligence sharing and insights across government and Woodland Street, Strathmore; bike path upgrades between the private sector; improve the co-ordination of procurement of Heidelberg and Rosanna stations; pedestrian infrastructure cyber security services; build public sector cyber security skills and upgrades at the intersection of Bayview Terrace and Maribyrnong present quarterly cyber security briefings to the Victorian Secretaries Road; and pedestrian infrastructure upgrades at the intersection of Board and the State Crisis and Resilience Committee.137 Hoffmans Road and Rosehill Road.142 An additional $27.3 million was committed to fund a new layout for St Kilda Road that provides The Cyber Security Strategy intends to develop best practice a separated lane and physical barriers to better protect cyclists.143 and coordination across government.138 Every major new Victorian transport project is now required to Assessment : in progress include new or upgraded infrastructure to support pedestrians and Infrastructure Victoria notes considerable progress to date on this cyclists. Examples of improvements delivered include: 35 kilometres recommendation, and that continued improvements should of new or upgraded walking and cycling paths under the North East continue to be delivered through the normal business of Link Project; 43 kilometres of new cycling and walking paths under government. the Level Crossing Removal Project, as well as additional bicycle parking at train stations; 14 kilometres of paths under the West Gate Tunnel Project, and shared paths to complement the Western 144,145 Cycling corridors/walking improvements Roads Upgrade. (4.1.3, 10.3.2, BWP2, BWP3, BHT) Upgrades to walking and cycling infrastructure are also being funded under the Transport Accident Commission’s Safer Cyclists Finalise and accelerate investment in the roll-out of Victoria’s and Pedestrians fund, including: a shared user path from Morwell Strategic Cycling Corridors and identified walking network to Traralgon that also includes a connection to the Latrobe Regional improvements for completion within 0-15 years, working Hospital; two cycling corridor connections from Herne Hill and Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 43
Waurn Ponds to the Geelong CBD; a network of walking and infrastructure and requirements for new developments. As cycling cycling connections across Ballarat; and a cycling corridor from participation increases, the VPP will need to ensure there are Preston to the Melbourne CBD.146 In the 2020-21 Budget, the adequate end-of-trip facilities in workplaces and residential Victorian Government provided $63 million statewide for a School developments. The updated VPP will also provide useful guidance and Community Safety program, which includes new and enhanced about best-practice provision of end-of-trip facilities. pedestrian crossings, regional intersection upgrades, development funding for a shared path as part of the Hurstbridge line works, and In the Victorian Cycling Strategy, the Victorian Government temporary walking and cycling infrastructure. It is delivering pop-up committed to amending the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPP) to lanes to improve travel options from inner-Melbourne areas such as recognise strategic cycling corridors and improve the provision of Footscray, Northcote and St Kilda. cycling infrastructure in new developments. It also recognised the need to work with local government to review the VPP (particularly The Victorian Cycling Strategy, adhoc initiatives and requirement Clause 52.34, ‘Bicycle facilities’) to enable more, and higher for major transport projects to include active transport infrastructure quality, bicycle parking and end-of-trip facilities, particularly in are welcome, but there remains room for improvement. The high-demand areas.148 Victorian Government is yet to publish a network plan that identifies and prioritises locations where lower stress strategic cycling There is no publicly available information outlining how government corridors could be constructed. is progressing in funding and delivering this commitment.
Assessment : in progress Assessment : not commenced
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the improvement Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the improvement of of cycling corridors and pedestrian networks as part of a more cycling infrastructure, including through better alignment with land strategic approach to meeting Victoria’s future transport needs. use planning. This is reflected in draft recommendations 33 and This is reflected in draft recommendations 33, 38, and 39 of 39 of the draft strategy, ‘Publish Victoria’s transport plan’ and the draft strategy, ‘Publish Victoria’s transport plan’, ‘Partner ‘Transform cycling in Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong’. with local governments to fund pedestrian infrastructure’, and ‘Transform cycling in Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong’. Cycling/walking data (4.1.2, 10.3.1, BWP1)
Cycling end-of-trip facilities (4.1.1, ALR) Improve and standardise walking and cycling data capture and analysis across the state, including expanding the network of Increase the provision and improve the standards of end-of- bike counters and leveraging smart phone technology, within trip cycling facilities by reviewing and updating prescribed 0-5 years. This will enable the development of high-quality rates and design requirements in the planning system (clause investment proposals and better promotion of walking and 52.34) within 0-5 years to better reflect current and projected cycling, including by providing information on route choice. demand across the state and particularly in high demand areas Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. such central Melbourne. Government supports the intent of this recommendation, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government subject to finalisation of the Victorian Cycling Strategy, supports this recommendation. Changes to the planning currently in development. Any potential capital works system will be undertaken within 0-5 years, subject to an associated with this recommendation will be considered analysis process and alignment with Victoria’s Cycling as part of future budgets. Strategy, currently in development. In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Victorian Cycling In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Victorian Cycling Strategy 2018-2028 to guide planning and investment to promote Strategy 2018-2028 to guide planning and investment to promote cycling as a mode of travel. The strategy emphasises the need to cycling as a mode of travel. The strategy emphasises the need invest in a safer, better-connected network, including prioritising to invest in a safer, better-connected network, prioritise strategic investment in strategic cycling corridors and updated design 149 cycling corridors and update guidelines for strategic cycling guidance for strategic cycling corridors. The Victorian Cycling corridors.147 Strategy notes that while road and rail networks have 'built-in technology that enables the real-time collection of data about Consultations for Infrastructure Victoria’s 30-Year strategy found how the networks are performing', this is not the case for that amendments to the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPP) will be bicycle networks.150 needed to achieve the strategy’s goals. The strategy outlines that the VPP should be updated to align the need for high-quality cycling 44 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Since 2016, the Department of Transport has completed several support the Victorian Government’s review of the Precinct Structure small-scale trials to collect active transport data, including one in Plan Guidelines.155 2019 that trialled technology that counts pedestrians and on-road bicycle riders. The trial recommended high-performing technology In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Victorian Cycling to be purchased and installed. In 2018, the Department of Transport Strategy 2018-2028 to guide planning and investment to promote provided access to bicycle count and speed data collected from 43 cycling as a mode of travel. The strategy emphasises the need to (mainly off-road) locations through the Bicycle Counter Power BI invest in a safer, better-connected network, prioritise strategic platform. The data was made available online.151 cycling corridors and update guidelines for strategic cycling corridors.156 The Victorian Government is also investing in cycle Cycling counters are now routinely installed when major expansions networks through the Safer Cyclists and Pedestrians Fund and of the cycling network are constructed (e.g. Ringwood to Box Hill, as part of major new transport projects (see ‘Cycling corridors/ Darebin Bridge Project). To date, however, there has been no walking improvements). expansion to the network of cycling counters on existing parts of the network, and no attempt to improve and standardise data Infrastructure Victoria notes the walking and cycling pilots collection across the state. undertaken in Melbourne as part of the 20-minute neighbourhood pilot, but is not aware of pilots in regional Victoria. Assessment : not commenced Assessment : not commenced Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving the collection of cycling and walking data to inform planning and Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving walking design, and this is reflected in draft recommendation 40, and cycling facilities around Victoria, and this is reflected in draft ‘Improve walking and cycling data to better estimate travel recommendations 38 and 39 of the draft strategy, ‘Partner with impacts and benefits’. local governments to fund pedestrian infrastructure’ and ‘Transform cycling in Melbourne, Ballarat, Bendigo and Geelong’.
Cycling/walking in established areas (4.2.1, AEA) Development in established areas (1.1.1, 10.1.1, UDC) Run three pilots in Melbourne and two pilots in regional Victoria to retrofit walking and cycling facilities in established Intensify medium density housing development in established suburbs with high levels of car dependence (such as Sunbury) areas of Melbourne and regional cities, such as Geelong, within 0-5 years. Evaluation of these pilots would inform Ballarat and Bendigo, that are already well serviced with whether the initiative should be rolled out more broadly infrastructure by amending planning schemes within 0-5 years. over the coming decades. A more extensive program could This should focus initially on Melbourne’s inner and middle ring support the delivery of the '20 minute neighbourhoods' eastern and southern suburbs, in particular within walkable concept championed through Plan Melbourne. catchments for train stations on the Lilydale, Belgrave, Glen Waverley, Alamein, Frankston, Sandringham, Pakenham and Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Cranbourne lines, as these train lines are expected to Government supports the intent of this recommendation, experience fewer capacity constraints over the next 30 years. subject to further investigation, finalisation of Victoria’s Investigations to better understand the capacity of the tram Cycling Strategy and future budget consideration. network should also commence, with a view to intensifying housing along tram corridors. This reform will require greater state government leadership, working in partnership with local Launched in 2017, the Victorian Government’s metropolitan government, to identify opportunities for densification in planning strategy, Plan Melbourne, is guided by the principle of established areas and any supporting infrastructure priorities. ‘20-minute neighbourhoods’. This is the concept of planning to provide people the ability to meet most of their daily needs within a Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. 20 minute walk from home (roughly 800 metres), as well as access Government supports these recommendations (with to safe cycling and local public transport.152 In January 2018, the 1.1.2/10.1/11.1.1) in part, however will broaden its focus to Victorian Government launched the ‘20-Minute Neighbourhood encourage development in areas identified for growth more Pilot Program’ to test practical delivery in Melbourne; Stage 1 broadly across Melbourne and regional cities, to align with of the program focussed on existing suburbs, namely Strathmore, the vision of Plan Melbourne. The pipeline of infrastructure Croydon South and Sunshine West;153 while Stage 2 focussed on provision outlined throughout this plan further supports greenfield neighbourhoods and was overseen by Monash University development in established areas and in/around and the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology.154 This research employment centres. has led to the publication of a number of reports online, and is to Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 45
The Victorian Government has sought to address this and competitive city. This, the strategy says, can be achieved by recommendation through a metropolitan-wide approach, rather delivering infrastructure to support competitive advantages, in than focussing on specific areas in the inner and middle suburbs, business services, health, education, manufacturing and tourism, or on transport corridors. Plan Melbourne 2017-2050 calls for 70% and enhance employment, research, retail, cultural and sporting of new dwellings to be built in established areas, and policies for precincts.160 Plan Melbourne also identifies: seven National housing in urban renewal precincts, activity centres and areas with employment and Innovation Clusters, 11 metropolitan activity good access to jobs, services and public transport.157 centres, five industrial precincts, 11 transport gateways, 10 major urban renewal precincts, and a range of health and education The Plan Melbourne Implementation Plan and 2019 Progress precincts as places of state significance for planning, investment Report advance these objectives by including Land Use Framework and growth.161 Plans to identify precincts and activity centres for: medium and higher density development; transit-oriented development Assessment : in progress opportunities; a pipeline of urban renewal projects for mixed use neighbourhoods; metropolitan regional housing plans for Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend higher density identifying medium and high density housing locations; and development in established areas, including employment and review residential development provisions to increase the supply activity centres. This is reflected in draft recommendation 35 of the of housing in established area.158,159 draft strategy, ‘Support more homes in priority established places’.
Assessment : in progress Dispute resolution technology Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend considered, appropriate development in established areas to make the best (8.2.2, 12.1.2, JSD) use of existing infrastructure and allow increased housing density. Support the introduction of technology that facilitates online This is reflected in draft recommendation 35 of the draft strategy, dispute resolution by the private sector, government and the ‘Support more homes in priority established places’. legal assistance sector over 0-5 years, including by removing any identified barriers to greater private sector participation and effective implementation. This is aimed at improving Development in/around employment centres access to justice and enabling case load to be diverted (1.1.2, 10.1.2, 11.1.1, STO) from courts, in particular the Magistrates’ Court.
Intensify medium to high density housing, services and Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. commercial development in and around employment centres Government supports the intent of this recommendation and by amending planning schemes within 0-5 years. Areas for will determine investment requirements for its implementation consideration should include National Employment Clusters once the Access to Justice Review is complete in 2017. (NECs) such as Latrobe, Monash and Sunshine, Melbourne’s Metropolitan Activity Centres (MACs), and major regional From September 2018, the Victorian Civil and Administrative employment centres, as well as the transport corridors that Tribunal (VCAT) conducted a pilot program to test whether online feed them. This reform will require greater state government dispute resolution could improve access to justice for those involved leadership, working in partnership with local government, in goods and services disputes below the value of $10,000. to identify opportunities for more densification around Through the pilot, VCAT heard 65 cases, and 71 parties participated employment centres and any supporting infrastructure in online hearings.162 VCAT found online dispute resolution offered a priorities. fast, cost-effective option for people with civil disputes, and its polling found almost three quarters of those polled would be Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. interested in using online services.163 VCAT has since increased the Government supports these recommendations (with use of teleconferencing, and is currently considering the introduction 1.1.2/10.1/11.1.1) in part, however will broaden its focus to of online dispute resolution for some disputes.164 It is collecting encourage development in areas identified for growth more evidence to support a business case.165 broadly across Melbourne and regional cities, to align with the vision of Plan Melbourne. The pipeline of infrastructure The adoption of digital technologies accelerated to meet demand provision outlined throughout this plan further supports on Victoria’s justice system during the COVID-19 pandemic. development in established areas and in/around VCAT was provided additional funding to upgrade its information employment centres. technology to allow videoconferencing.166 So it can hear important planning and other matters remotely, VCAT was also provided The Victorian Government’s Plan Melbourne 2017-2050 strategy funding in the 2020-21 Budget to undertake a Digital Transformation has, as a core principle, the desire to become a globally connected Project. Courts have made significantly greater use of technology to 46 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
operate,167 and have used remote testimony to reduce the number Assessment : substantially complete of attendances required for filing hearings.168,169 In April 2020, the Supreme and County Courts heard 700 matters using audio visual Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation links, while the Magistrates’ Court, which started hearing matters is being met. online in May, heard 244 on 20 May 2020 alone.170 Reliance on videoconferencing has varied across the justice system, with the proportion of hearings using videoconferencing ranging from 40 to Driver assistance applications 100% across different courts and VCAT.171 To inform courts’ future (10.7.2, 13.2.3, ADA) use of technology, the Parliamentary inquiry into the Victorian Government’s response Introduce regulatory changes, where needed, to enable the to the COVID-19 pandemic has recommended Court Services testing of advanced driver assistance applications over 0-15 Victoria consider publishing information on how each court utilised years, with a view to deployment when technology is proven, technology during the pandemic.172 commercially available and approved by national vehicle standards. Advanced driver assistance systems will provide Significant obstacles to widespread adoption of online dispute drivers with real-time information about the road environment, resolution remain, including inflexible, outdated buildings and such as warnings, to improve safety and create more efficient systems – particularly in the legal precinct in Melbourne’s traffic flow. CBD.173 Some investments are being made to help address such infrastructure constraints – for example, the new Bendigo Law Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Court, due to be delivered in late 2022, will be enabled for digital supports the testing of driver assistance applications and evidence, video conferencing, Wi-Fi, and digital recording.174 There is working with national bodies to amend regulations to is, however, no strategic plan to deliver improvements statewide. enable testing.
Assessment : in progress In October 2018, and at the request of the Victorian Government, Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend investments Infrastructure Victoria published its Advice on automated and in dispute resolution technology and this is reflected in draft zero-emissions vehicles infrastructure. This advice found a recommendation 22 of the draft strategy, ‘Modernise courts combination of advanced driver assistance systems could deliver through digitisation and contemporary shared facilities’. a significant proportion of the benefits of automated vehicles.177 The 17 recommendations set out in the advice report, including that the Victorian Government continue to participate in the Doncaster bus system (10.6.4, DBI) development of national and international principles, standards and regulations for increasingly autonomous vehicles, are Upgrade the existing Doncaster Area Rapid Transit (DART) reflected in this draft strategy.178 bus system within 5-10 years to support increased demand This advice built on recent legislative reforms to support the safe and improve the reliability of services. The roll-out should trialling of increasingly advanced driver assistance and autonomous incorporate the latest technology and support infrastructure technologies. In February 2018, the Victorian Road Safety required for a modern bus rapid transit system, such as Amendment (Automated Vehicles) Act 2018 came into effect, traffic signal priority, dedicated lanes and upgraded boarding amending the Road Safety Act 1986 to enable a permit scheme facilities. for the trialling of automated vehicles on Victorian roads.179 This laid the groundwork for an ‘Automated Driving System’ (ADS) permit Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. scheme, under which people wanting to trial a vehicle in automated Government agrees with the intent of improving the existing mode on Victorian roads could apply for a permit.180 bus system, but as the recommendation is over 5-10 years further investment will be considered as part of Assessment : in progress future budgets. While Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date, further The Victorian Government is delivering the Doncaster busway regulatory and other changes will be required to enable the as part of the North East Link road project.175 The busway project safe and smooth introduction of increasingly advanced driver will deliver separate bus lanes along the Eastern Freeway, from assistance and vehicle technologies. This is reflected in draft Doncaster toward Melbourne. The project will upgrade the recommendation 17 of the draft strategy, ‘Prepare for increasingly Doncaster Park and Ride, and deliver a new Park and Ride at automated vehicle fleets’. Bulleen. Both Doncaster and Bulleen will have additional bus platforms, multi-level parking, drop-off and collection areas, pedestrian and cycling access, cycling cages, lighting and toilets.176 Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 47
Driverless freight vehicles (13.2.2, DFV) Assessment : in progress
Remove regulatory barriers to enable the testing and Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend regulatory and deployment of freight vehicle platooning (trucks travelling in other changes to enable the safe testing and deployment of close proximity linked by technology and with minimal drivers) increasingly autonomous freight vehicles. This is reflected in within 0-15 years. This could improve traffic flow, reduce fuel draft recommendation 17 of the draft strategy, ‘Prepare for consumption, increase productivity and improve the carrying increasingly automated vehicle fleets’. capacity of roadways. Further research and consultation will be required to develop a national approach to maximising the benefits of freight vehicle platooning. Driverless vehicles (6.2.2, 10.7.3, ACT)
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Introduce regulatory changes to enable the testing and Government supports the intent of this recommendation. deployment of driverless vehicles over 0-30 years to improve Government is working closely with national regulators to traffic flow, increase the operational efficiency of public enable testing of increased freight vehicle automation. transport, expand the range of available transport options Deployment of this technology is dependent on the results and potentially improve the carrying capacity of roadways of these tests, and the suitability of current infrastructure. by allowing vehicles to safely travel together in close proximity at the same speed. Further research and consultation will be required to develop a national approach for maximising The Victorian freight plan, Delivering the Goods, was released the benefits of driverless vehicles. in 2018 and sets out short, medium and long-term priorities for the freight and logistics system. The plan identifies autonomous Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. or automated vehicles as one of the new technologies that have Government supports enabling the trial of highly automated the potential to change every aspect of transport and logistics. vehicles with appropriate controls and is working with Delivering the Goods notes driverless vehicles (trucks and trains) national bodies to develop regulations that support this will potentially reduce (or change) the freight sector’s need for testing. Once the results of these trials determine the labour, enable automated delivery networks and improve safety technology is safe and suitable, government will assist and efficiency on our transport networks.181 in enabling its deployment. The National Transport Commission (NTC) is leading work on establishing Australia-wide regulations for automated vehicles. In 2018, the Victorian Road Safety Amendment (Automated Vehicles) Act 2018 came into effect, amending the Road Safety In 2017, in partnership with Austroads, the NTC released the Act 1986 to enable a permit scheme for the trialling of automated Guidelines for trials of automated vehicles in Australia to support vehicles on Victorian roads.189 Later the same year, the Victorian national consistent conditions for automated vehicle trials.182 In May Government established an ‘Automated Driving System’ (ADS) 2020, it published a discussion paper to support a review of these permit scheme, under which people wanting to trial a vehicle in guidelines. This paper noted Victoria had enacted legislation to automated mode on Victorian roads could apply for a permit,190 enable trials183 and developed trial guidelines, and that heavy vehicle and released the Guidelines for Trials of Automated Vehicles platooning trials had been undertaken overseas.184 The NTC also to provide practical guidance for permit holders and potential noted some stakeholders had emphasised the need for consistency applicants.191 Amongst other requirements, regulations require in Victorian regulation to support future cross border trials of freight permit holders to provide details of the trial location and details platooning in Australia.185 of the design constraints within which the vehicle is to operate (which may include road types, and traffic, weather and In October 2018, and at the request of the Victorian Government, infrastructure conditions).192,193 Infrastructure Victoria published its Advice on automated and zero-emissions vehicles infrastructure. This advice found that Victoria’s efforts have complemented work led by the National commercial incentives could drive more rapid automation in the Transport Commission (NTC) to establish Australia-wide regulations freight sector than in passenger vehicles. It also determined that for automated vehicles. In 2017, in partnership with Austroads, the changes to road space allocation and road design may be needed NTC released the Guidelines for trials of automated vehicles in in the medium-term to enable freight operators to implement Australia to support consistent conditions for automated vehicle platooning of freight vehicles,186 as well as high quality roads with trials,194 and in 2020 the NTC published a discussion paper to clear lane markings and signage.187 The findings in the advice support a review of these guidelines.195 The NTC has also worked report are reflected in this draft strategy.188 with transport ministers from across the country to decide who is legally in control of an autonomous vehicle, agree the need to develop a purpose-built national driving law, and progress safety assurance for users (at market entry/first supply).196 Other reform 48 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
priorities include the regulation of government access to automated and the Port of Melbourne and CityLink (at Docklands), as well as vehicle data and the application of motor accident injury insurance supporting works that include extra lanes between the Ring Road to automated vehicles.197 and Williamstown Road and access improvements to Webb Dock in the Port of Melbourne. The project is planned to be completed In October 2018, Infrastructure Victoria provided the Victorian by 2023 and also includes funding for a complementary, major Government with advice on the infrastructure that may be required upgrade to the Monash Freeway to improve connections to the to enable highly automated and zero emissions vehicles. This city’s southeast.199, 200, 201, 202, 203 Infrastructure Victoria notes reports advice, provided at the request of the Victorian Government, of delays and extra costs incurred during delivery of the project, and included 17 recommendations and is reflected in this draft observes that cost and timelines may be revised in future. strategy.198 Infrastructure Victoria’s analysis of demand forecasts and transport Assessment : in progress modelling indicates that, in the long term, there may still be a need to better connect CityLink and the Eastern Freeway. The alignment Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend regulatory of the corridor to preserve the option of a cross-city connection and other changes to enable the safe testing and deployment should be updated to consider recent developments including of increasingly autonomous vehicles. This is reflected in draft the construction of the West Gate Tunnel, City Link Widening, recommendation 17 of the draft strategy, ‘Prepare for increasingly the status of land holdings originally acquired for this purpose automated vehicle fleets’. in 2013 and urban development plans and projects.204, 205, 206
Assessment : in progress (western section) Eastern Freeway-CityLink-Western Ring Road (11.5.8, 13.5.4, EWW, EWE) Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend preserving the option of constructing a new road connection between the Eastern Plan for longer-term links between the Eastern Freeway and Freeway and CityLink. This is reflected in draft recommendation 67 CityLink and between CityLink and Western Ring Road within of the draft strategy, ‘Protect a future option for a new cross-city 0-5 years to ensure future provision is not precluded, as motorway’, which involves determining an updated future alignment these links may be required in the latter part of the 15-30 and preserving the option for constructing a new motorway year period. While introducing transport network pricing linking the Eastern Freeway and CityLink if required. would particularly attenuate demand on links to and through the congested central areas of Melbourne, emerging transport technologies and other uncertainties that could increase Education delivery through technology the need for these links make it prudent to review potential (2.2.2, 9.2.1, 12.1.4, SRS) alignments and protect the corridor where appropriate. Expand and accelerate the provision of ICT infrastructure in This has the potential to support accessibility to major schools (such as Wi-Fi and video conferencing) over 0-10 employment centres as an alternative corridor to the M1 years, with a particular focus on regional and rural schools Monash and M80 Ring Road and improve the capacity and schools in disadvantaged areas. This will support new of the freight network. ways of learning, enable the sharing of resources and teachers across school sites, and ensure students in smaller schools Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. have access to a wide range of curriculum such as Science, The Government is moving forward with the West Gate Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) subjects and Tunnel, which creates a vital second river crossing and languages other than English. delivers improved transport connections between CityLink and the Western Ring Road. Past business case modelling Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government did not support the development of an Eastern Freeway to supports access to digital education in schools, no matter CityLink connection, and the previous design had severe the location. We will ensure improved connectivity across environmental and social impacts. There is no case therefore the state, access to newly established Tech Schools, to commence planning works to facilitate this project, and promote technology use through STEM centres. given other much higher transport priorities.
In 2017-18, the Victorian Government made commitments totalling The Victorian Government is continuing to manage the delivery of $84.3 million in improving ICT in public schools.207, 208 Of this total, the West Gate Tunnel Project, which will improve links between $68 million was allocated to provide every student with access Melbourne’s west and the rest of the city by better connecting the to critical information technology, including through upgrades to Western Ring Road (M80) and CityLink. The $6.7 billion project will provide reliable access to digital services essential to teaching and deliver a new tunnel between the West Gate Freeway (at Yarraville) learning such as school Wi-Fi and virtual conferencing. $16.4 million Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 49
($4.1 million per year) was allocated to increase bandwidth and through the Victoria to New South Wales interconnector (VNI) connectivity for rural schools, with the aim of reducing disparity West regulatory investment test for transmission.216 in digital access between rural and metropolitan schools.209 This investment boosted schools’ internet speeds in rural and regional The Victorian Government has developed Regional Renewable locations (such as Geelong, Surf Coast and Bellarine Peninsula) Energy Roadmaps for Barwon South West, Grampians, Loddon 217 and enabled students to access an extended choice of subjects Mallee, Gippsland and Hume. Each strategy is tailored to identify and learning programs.210. 211 supply chain opportunities, skills, infrastructure, manufacturing and transmission opportunities for businesses, industry and In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic drove a significant shift in the communities to establish or expand new energy projects. way Victorian students access education, with most Victorian students learning from home for significant periods. The Victorian Assessment : substantially complete Government provided free access to the internet and laptops Infrastructure Victoria recommends continuing efforts in the energy to students who would otherwise struggle to access education transition for electricity, reflected in draft recommendations 2 and 3 services online.212 From mid-June 2020, the Department of of the draft strategy, ‘Augment electricity transmission for renewable Education conducted an extensive survey with Victorian students, energy and resilience’ and ‘Identify and coordinate priority parents, principals and teachers to understand lessons learned Renewable Energy Zones’. from this significant behaviour change and how the education system can be improved as a result of the experience213. The findings from this survey are due to be discussed at a ‘Flexible Learning Summit’ in late 2020, and would be a useful resource Employment centre arterial roads to have publicly available. (11.5.1, ARN)
Assessment : substantially complete Develop a transparent prioritisation framework within 0-5 years for future arterial road upgrades servicing major employment Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this centres that support growth in use by all transport modes, recommendation, and that continued improvements should continue particularly higher-capacity modes such as buses. A likely to be delivered through the normal business of government. focus will be on ensuring an adequate road network that supports growing services and knowledge sector employment at the Sunshine, Monash and Latrobe NECs. Electricity network capability (18.2.2, ENI) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government In liaison with the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), supports this recommendation. This initiative aligns with provide information specific to the Victorian market on areas Plan Melbourne and with integrated transport planning of the electricity grid well suited to absorb additional capacity work currently being undertaken. within 0-5 years. This will ensure that investigation of feasible locations for lower emission energy generation projects by A transparent prioritisation framework, prioritising roads which industry is effective, project approval processes are efficient, directly improve access to suburban employment centres, has yet information sharing between project developers and network to be developed. planners is increased, and there is increased visibility on likely developments in the Victorian electricity system. Major Road Projects Victoria is currently delivering more than 25 major road projects (both arterial roads and freeways) around Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Melbourne and Victoria. These projects include new bridges and Government supports the intent of this recommendation. roads, road widenings and major freeway upgrades,218 and aim to Further work on the energy market will be undertaken by reduce congestion and travel times, thereby improving access to the Energy Taskforce, as well as with the Australian Energy employment centres. Market Operator over the next five years. Some upgrades – while not to arterial roads – will directly boost access to National Employment and Innovation Clusters (NEICs). This recommendation has been met with AEMO leading The Monash Freeway Upgrade, due for completion in 2023, development of the Integrated System Plan. The Plan identifies will improve connections to the Monash NEIC for commuters areas in Victoria well-suited to absorb additional capacity, namely in Melbourne’s southeast.219 Similarly, the M80 upgrade works, Western Victoria supported by the committed Western Victoria due in 2023, will connect those in the north and northwest to Transmission Network project, and South West Victoria and Central the Latrobe and Sunshine NEICs.220 North Victoria renewable energy zones.214 AEMO has also provided additional connection insights in the 2019 Victoria Annual Planning Report,215 and is examining further transmission development 50 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Assessment : not commenced investment will deliver initial and early works on Stage One of the project to run between Cheltenham and Box Hill. The Victorian Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improved Government has not announced plans to deliver premium buses connections to major employment centres, and this is reflected in that connect residential areas to suburban job centres in the short draft recommendations 63 and 70 of the draft strategy, ‘Connect to medium term. suburban jobs through premium buses and road upgrades’ and ‘Expand and upgrade Melbourne’s outer suburban road network’. Assessment : in progress
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improvements Employment centre mass transit to public transport to and between employment hubs, consistent with land use planning. This is reflected in the draft strategy in (11.5.4, MTN) draft recommendation 63, ‘Connect suburban jobs through premium buses and road upgrades’. Create mass transit bus or light rail networks that feed into major employment centres and connect to existing heavy rail lines and other major centres over 0-15 years to support intense development and business interaction. Feasibility Energy efficiency of existing buildings and planning of the networks, integrated with broader land (18.1.2, EDM1) use and transport planning, would need to be undertaken and a range of transport technologies could be considered. Develop targeted energy use efficiency programs to retrofit Priorities should be identified to support land use plans and existing public sector buildings over 0-10 years. This initiative it is likely the Monash, Latrobe and Sunshine NECs would be will show leadership in energy use efficiency and influence early priorities given their existing scale, potential for growth energy use reduction for existing buildings in the commercial in the short term and geographic location spanning beyond and industrial sector. This should involve maximising social the rail network. benefits from these programs, such as improving the energy efficiency of public housing to reduce energy bills for tenants. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Ongoing planning for major employment centres will Government supports the intent of this recommendation determine the types of transit links required, the most through improving the energy efficiency of public buildings appropriate solutions and timing. Supporting major and has committed to improvements through the Greener employment centres in Melbourne and regional Victoria is a Government Buildings program. As this recommendation is fundamental role of the transport system. Strategic integrated over 0-10 years, full implementation will be considered transport, economic development and land use planning will as part of future budgets. help determine priorities and potential solutions. Any capital works will be considered as part of future budgets. Any In 2009, the Victorian Government established the Greener potential capital works associated with this recommendation Government Building program. This program seeks to improve the will be considered as part of future budgets. energy efficiency of existing government buildings with energy saving initiatives such as lighting upgrades, heating, venting and 223 Since the 2016 strategy was published, the Victorian Government cooling upgrades, solar panels and automation and controls. has announced the details of the Suburban Rail Loop (SRL). When The 2020-21 Budget has continued the Greener Government complete, twin rail tunnels will run around the city, from Frankston to Buildings program, and also provides $40 million to improve Werribee, linking every metropolitan railway line. Transport super energy efficiency in hospitals. hubs at Broadmeadows, Clayton and Sunshine will connect regional The Victorian Government is also using Energy Performance services with the metropolitan network and SRL. The 90-kilometre Contracts to design and identify enduring solutions. Energy project will also deliver a rail link to Melbourne Airport.221 Performance Contracts allows departments and agencies to SRL will help to develop cross-suburban travel patterns, engage a contractor to design, implement, verify and guarantee linking major hospitals, higher education, retail and employment the savings from an energy efficiency project. This method of centres beyond the CBD. New capacity, and radial passenger delivering energy efficiency upgrades to buildings is considered 225 movements, will ease congestion and take pressure off existing low risk and is widely accepted around the world. transport networks. In late 2017, the Victorian Government published the Energy In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government committed $2.2 Efficiency and Productivity Strategy that included the $4.3 million billion to commence construction on the project.222 The project is EnergySmart Public Housing Program to boost the energy efficiency 226 likely to be delivered in stages, over the coming decades. This of 1,500 public housing properties. Upgrades may include replacement hot water and heating systems, draught sealing Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 51
and insulation.227 A further $112 million was provided in the The Victorian Government has also developed an Energy Efficiency 2020-21 Budget to improve energy efficiency in 35,000 social and Productivity Strategy. As part of this strategy, $8.9 million has housing properties. been allocated to ‘improve energy efficiency regulations for new homes, strengthen compliance for the as-built quality of homes, Assessment : in progress and promote leading-edge sustainable design through volume home builders.233 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving the energy efficiency of government buildings, and this is reflected Assessment : in progress in draft recommendation 6 of the draft strategy, ‘Make Victorian Government buildings more energy efficient’. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improved energy efficiency in residential buildings, and this is reflected in draft recommendation 4 of the draft strategy, ‘Require 7-star energy- Energy efficiency of new buildings rated new homes in 2022, increasing towards 8 stars by 2025’. (18.1.3, EED)
Implement more sophisticated energy efficiency requirements Energy pricing (18.1.1, EDM2) for new buildings by replacing existing prescriptive initiatives with a broader greenhouse gas emissions target approach Mandate cost-reflective pricing for all energy customers within within 0-10 years. This will allow greater flexibility in 0-5 years to fully realise the benefits of smart meters, increase considering energy efficient building design and adopting customer engagement on energy consumption patterns and cost-effective innovative approaches. A range of initiatives influence customer choices to reduce peak and potentially currently exist to address energy efficiency for new buildings. total energy demand. The first step to achieving this would A greenhouse gas emissions target can go a step further and be to provide leadership in working with industry to increase enable holistic consideration of the energy impact of new customer awareness on the benefits of cost-reflective tariffs, buildings during design, while allowing the market to determine benefits that include fairer pricing and lower costs. uptake of cost-effective products. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Not supported. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. This does not align with existing government policy. Government supports initiatives to address energy efficiency The government will be reviewing the effectiveness of for new buildings consistent with existing strategies, such existing voluntary cost-reflective pricing arrangements as Plan Melbourne, the Energy Efficiency and Productivity in 2020, at the end of the current regulatory period. Statement and Victoria's Climate Change Framework. Full implementation of this recommendation is dependent upon Although the Victorian Government did not support this national regulation delivered through the provisions of the recommendation, steps have been made towards increased National Construction Code. customer engagement on consumption patterns. This includes $10.8 million in funding to improve the Victorian Energy Compare The Victorian Government has made progress in implementing this tool, piloting an energy brokerage service, improving energy recommendation, with some initiatives still ongoing. Plan Melbourne information services for vulnerable Victorians and facilitating 2017-2050 seeks higher building energy efficiency standards customer access to energy data.234 through engagement with other Australian governments, including During summer 2017-18, the government partnered with an the Commonwealth.228 The Department of Environment, Land, electricity distributor to trial new ways for consumers to manage Water and Planning is working with other jurisdictions, using energy consumption. Named Power Chargers, the trial used smart working groups of the National Energy Productivity Plan, to develop meters and an interactive app to encourage participants to think improved energy efficiency standards for residential and non- about and change how they use energy. Participating households residential buildings under the National Construction Code.229 on average reduced their energy consumption by up to 35% on the During 2019, the Australian Building Codes Board consulted on selected days with peak energy use.235 a proposed approach and scope of future changes to the residential In 2020, the Victorian Government provided support towards energy efficiency provisions in the National Construction Code.230 introducing more time of use tariffs in the next regulatory pricing Public consultation on proposed regulatory changes is likely period.236 to occur in late 2020 or early 2021.231 Building energy efficiency requirements for commercial buildings were included in the These are good steps towards broader reform, which will need 232 2019 National Construction Code update. to continue to generate bigger power savings. 52 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Assessment : in progress Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend electricity As this recommendation is over 5-10 years, investments pricing reform and this is reflected in draft recommendation will be considered as part of future budgets. 7 of the draft strategy, ‘Reduce peak electricity use with demand management pricing’. The Victorian Government is broadly implementing this recommendation. The Fishermans Bend Integrated Transport Plan (ITP) was released in October 2017.239 The ITP recommended Environmental water delivery northern and southern light rail connections be provided to support (16.3.3, 17.2.2, EWD) precinct development and growth, with the initial priority being the north. It recommended a crossing over the Yarra River between Utilise infrastructure to deliver optimal environmental Collins Street on the north bank and Lorimer Street on the south watering in 15-30 years where further research on watering to enable the two alignments. The 2017/18 Budget committed requirements identifies sites that would benefit from funding to additional bus services for routes 235 and 237 with infrastructure investment. It is likely that these sites would the intention of addressing higher demand for travel to the have to be of high environmental value to justify investment. Fishermans Bend precinct.240
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. In October 2018, the Victorian Government released the Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Fishermans Bend Framework, a strategic plan for the development As this recommendation is over 15-30 years, implementation of the area to 2050.241 In July 2019, Planning Scheme Amendment will be considered as part of future budgets. GC81 updated zone and overlay controls for the Fishermans Bend Urban Renewal Area to implement the Fishermans Bend Since 2016, the Victorian Commissioner for Environmental Framework, including to identify and safeguard potential key Sustainability has undertaken preliminary work to understand transport alignments and services.242, 243 In the 2018/19 Budget, environmental watering outcome monitoring and reporting the Victorian Government provided $1 million in funding to develop in Victoria.237 This is to support the Commissioner reporting a business case for tram and active transport connections between on outcomes of environmental watering in the 2023 State Fishermans Bend and the CBD.244 The 2019/20 Budget allocated of Environment report, providing a scientific baseline of $4.5 million in additional funding to further progress planning, environmental condition and challenges ahead. design and business case development by 2021.245
In 2017, the Victorian Government and other states part of Assessment : in progress the Murray Darling Basin Plan agreed to nine new environmental Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the extension of the work projects worth $320 million. This investment will deliver tram network to Fishermans Bend, and this is reflected in draft infrastructure such as pipes, pumps and flow regulators to divert recommendation 43 of the draft strategy, ‘Activate urban renewal environmental water from the river to 14,000 hectares of high-value with new tram links’. Murray floodplain that includes wetlands, red gums and black box eucalypt trees. 238 Additional funding to improve regional waters and catchments was provided in the 2020-21 Budget. Forensic mental health facilities Assessment : in progress (3.3.1, 8.3.3, NEF) Infrastructure Victoria notes continued improvements Provide new or expanded forensic mental health facilities should continue to be delivered through the normal business (currently provided by the Thomas Embling Hospital) within of government. 5-10 years. Detailed planning will be required to address the needs of different patient cohorts and determine the level of security required for the facilities. Fishermans Bend tram link (1.2.1, 10.8.1, CCT) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government agrees with the intent of this recommendation. Extend the tram network to Fishermans Bend to stimulate The 2017-18 State Budget provides $43.9 million in capital high density major urban redevelopment within 5-10 years. funding to expand the state's adult forensic mental health This tram extension would have a city-shaping and catalytic capacity. This investment builds on the existing work to impact of opening up Australia’s largest urban renewal precinct provide 18 new beds at Thomas Embling Hospital, as well as and enable housing for 80,000 people and 60,000 jobs to expanding mental health treatment services at Dame Phyllis be located adjacent to central Melbourne. Frost and Ravenhall prisons. As this recommendation is over Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 53
5-10 years, investment will need to be considered as part Melbourne’s metropolitan planning strategy, Plan Melbourne of future budgets. 2017-50, recognises the need to provide strategically located land for major industrial development linked to the Principal Freight In late 2017, the Victorian Government released the Statewide Network and transport gateways, and to protect this land from Design, Service and Infrastructure Plan for Victoria's Health System incompatible land uses.255 Plan Melbourne identifies the Port of 2017-37 (the Plan).246 Building on the reforms of the existing Melbourne, Port of Geelong, Port of Hastings, Melbourne Airport, 10-Year Mental Health Plan,247 the Plan’s objectives include Avalon Airport, Moorabbin Airport and Essendon Airport as addressing mismatches between hospital capacity, infrastructure, state-significant transport gateways. It also identifies potential and patient needs. The Plan lists the expansion of forensic mental for new gateways at Beveridge Interstate Freight Terminal, a health services as a statewide priority,248 and sets out a $43.9 Western Interstate Freight Terminal near Truganina, a second million government commitment to expanded forensic mental port at Bay West, and an airport in the southeast.256 health services.249 In 2018, the Victorian Government (Freight Victoria) released the In 2019, the Victorian Auditor-General’s Office (VAGO) released statewide freight plan, Delivering the Goods. This set out short, Access to Mental Health Services, an audit of the 10-Year Mental medium and long-term priorities for the freight and logistics sector, Health Plan.250 The audit found the Department of Health and which is facing both rapid growth and continuous change. The plan Human Services had made 'almost no progress in addressing emphasises the need to assess long-term metropolitan industrial the supply and demand imbalance'.251 The same year, the Victorian land needs for freight purposes, in order to designate appropriate Government established the Royal Commission into Victoria’s areas for future development. It also notes the importance of Mental Health System, which released an interim report in late continuing to provide for industrial and freight precincts (with 2019 that identified the undersupply of forensic services as an buffers) in metropolitan Melbourne as the city grows.257 area of focus.252 The Royal Commission’s final report is expected Following Plan Melbourne and Delivering the Goods, the Victorian in early 2021, and the Victorian Government has committed to Government is planning to deliver new intermodal freight precincts implement all recommendations.253 at Truganina in Melbourne’s west (the Western Interstate Freight Forensic mental health services have not been a focus within the Terminal) and Beveridge in Melbourne’s outer north. These precincts $605 million package of new mental health initiatives, announced and their connecting transport infrastructure will supplement, and by the Victorian Government to start implementing the Royal potentially replace, the existing terminal at Dynon. They will primarily Commission's interim report findings.254 handle interstate freight, in addition to import and export container trade.258, 259 The Australian and Victorian Governments are currently Assessment : in progress developing a joint business case to align the development of the proposed terminals with the delivery of the Inland Rail Project.260 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend forensic mental health facilities be considered in the context of a better mental The joint commitment to the Inland Rail Project underlines the health system, and this is reflected in draft recommendation 75 importance of completing detailed planning quickly to enable the of the draft strategy, ‘Deliver infrastructure for a better mental timely development of the precincts and efficient operations of the health system’. rail freight line once it is constructed (anticipated to be 2025).
Assessment : in progress
Freight precincts (13.3.2, FPL) Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the purchase of land and development of business cases to support the delivery of new Identify existing and future potential precincts requiring interstate freight terminals. This is reflected in draft recommendation planning protection in respect of air, land and sea freight 26 of the draft strategy, ‘Purchase land for Melbourne's future operations within 0-5 years. These precincts are required to freight terminals’. protect the future expansion of Victorian freight and logistics hubs in response to the growing freight task, to avoid negative impacts on surrounding land uses and to maintain the integrity of the freight operations. Future prisons (8.3.1, NMP, NWP)
Identify and secure land for future prisons, considering Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. accessibility for staff and visitors, within 0-5 years. Reserving Government agrees with the intent of this recommendation. land now will enable new facilities to be provided as and Implementation will need to be considered in the context of when required. Victoria’s freight strategy (in development), Plan Melbourne and a 0-10 year timeframe. Further budget consideration Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. is required in future years to address the full scope of the Government supports this recommendation and has recommendation. 54 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
funded the identification and planning for future prisons. This investment is to deliver upgrades to Waurn Ponds Station, an This recommendation will be met within the short term. additional track at Waurn Ponds Station, planning and development for track duplication between South Geelong and Waurn Ponds, The Victorian Government has responded to this recommendation and planning for the Armstrong Creek transit corridor to Torquay. 265 by identifying suitable land for future prisons. Land acquisition has Currently, construction on the Waurn Ponds Station upgrade is been supported by new prison infrastructure and beds at many underway (due to be completed in late 2021) and planning and existing prisons261, 262. development work is being done to support the rail duplication between South Geelong and Waurn Ponds.266 The Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects Pipeline 2019 outlines a range of recent funding for future prison projects. These include In 2019-20, the Victorian Government committed $100 million for $289 million for a new high-security youth justice centre in Cherry fast regional rail and metro rail for the West.267, 268 Known as the Creek; $689.5 million for a new 700 bed maximum security men’s Western Rail Plan, it involves the separation and electrification of prison, as part of the Lara Prison Precinct expansion; $345.5 million the Wyndham Vale and Melton lines from regional rail services, for increased bed capacity and service provision across the prison facilitating faster connections to Ballarat and Geelong269. The system; and $1.8 billion to increase bed capacity and improve Australian Government has also committed $30 million toward infrastructure in the prison system, including 548 beds for Chisholm the Plan. Staging of the Western Rail Plan is being considered Road Prison Project and 106 additional beds at Dame Phyllis alongside that of the Melbourne Airport Rail business case, and Frost Centre.263 project delivery is likely to take around a decade to complete.270
Assessment : substantially complete As currently conceived, the proposed next stage of Melbourne Metro improvements – the proposed Melbourne Metro Two – would Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improvements also improve connections between the city centre and Melbourne’s to planning for correctional facilities, and this is reflected in draft west by delivering two new rail lines from Clifton Hill, through the recommendation 76 of the draft strategy, ‘Plan and consistently CBD and Fishermans Bend, to Newport. The 2017 Fishermans deliver corrections and youth justice infrastructure while managing Bend Integrated Transport Plan and 2018 Fishermans Bend demand with policy settings’. Framework noted the potential for, and stated land had been set aside to allow, a new metropolitan rail station that could be integrated into any future extension of a new cross-city Geelong/Werribee/Wyndham rail underground rail line.271, 272 The Victorian Government is yet to (1.3.4, 10.8.2, 12.3.1, WVW, GWR, GRE) make any commitments to the Melbourne Metro 2 project. Assessment : in progress Deliver new stations with rail capacity expansion on the existing Regional Rail Link corridor in western Melbourne Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend increases to rail to support these high growth areas while reducing travel capacity on Melbourne’s suburban rail corridors, including to times and relieving overcrowding on the Geelong line within improve connections between the city’s centre, its west and 5-15 years. Further work is required to determine the scope Geelong. This is reflected in draft recommendations 64, 66, and sequence of this rail upgrade. and 69 of the draft strategy; ‘Increase suburban rail corridor services and capacity’, ‘Prepare for Melbourne Metro Two’, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. and ‘Expand rail access in outer suburbs’. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. As this recommendation covers years 5-15, implementation will be considered as part of future budgets. Government service/infrastructure planning
The Victorian Government has taken a number of steps to progress (1.5.1, 2.4.1, 11.1.2, SIP) the planning for, and development of, a number of transport Formalise an area-based, whole-of-government, integrated projects that aim to expand the capacity of the Regional Rail Link service and infrastructure planning and investment corridor connecting Geelong and Western Melbourne. prioritisation process within 0-5 years to improve coordination In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government provided funding and minimise siloed decision-making. Initially this would to develop a business case and prepare a reference design for focus on mechanisms to make state government departments Geelong Fast Rail works, with $2 billion set aside for the future plan services and infrastructure better together. Once state delivery of the project, matching the Commonwealth's government has become more integrated, it will be critical contribution.264 Previously, $160 million has been allocated to to include local and federal government in this process to upgrade the Geelong Line under the Regional Rail Revival program, enable more effective integrated land use and infrastructure also jointly funded by the Victorian and Australian Governments. planning (ref. SIP). Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 55
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Green infrastructure Government is committed to improving integration of service (1.4.6, 4.2.3, 16.3.1, UFF) and infrastructure planning. Integrated infrastructure planning occurs through the production of Precinct Structure Plans for Increase the amount and quality of green infrastructure in new developments in growth corridors. A further 17 PSPs are urban settings over 0-30 years to support a range of outcomes, committed for completion by December 2018 and the including creating open space for planned and incidental guidelines for PSPs are being reviewed as one of the exercise, improving biodiversity by increasing forested and immediate actions out of Plan Melbourne. Local government planted areas and supporting water-sensitive design to is already closely involved in these processes. Infrastructure mitigate flooding events. The immediate first step is to produce is being funded through state budgets, developer a statewide green infrastructure plan in partnership with local contributions and the Growth Areas Infrastructure government, leveraging opportunities to unlock restricted Contributions. Growth Corridor Plans have been produced public land held by, for example, water or transport authorities. for each corridor and are currently being updated. In addition, the Premier has appointed a Minister for Suburban Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Development who will be producing five year Jobs Services Government agrees with the intent of this recommendation and Infrastructure plans for each of the six sub-regions in and will continue to work with local governments to expand Plan Melbourne. These will ensure the respective forward urban forests and other green infrastructure, but will not plans for major departments and agencies are better undertake centralised planning of green infrastructure coordinated. The Regional and Metropolitan Partnerships across Victoria. enable regions to directly advise government on local priorities. The Value Creation and Capture Framework has Although the Victorian Government has not produced a statewide also been released to deliver better community outcomes green infrastructure plan, a range of green infrastructure initiatives from infrastructure investment. are currently underway.
The Victorian Government has developed a number of initiatives Plan Melbourne 2017-2050 called for the establishment of a and policies to implement this recommendation. Establishing the metropolitan open space strategy (MOSS), and a whole-of- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions (DJPR) has allowed it government approach to cooling and greening Melbourne. to play a more formal governance role, while partnering with The MOSS will boost recreation, amenity, health and wellbeing, community, industry and research organisations, to create more species diversity, sustainable water management and urban 278 housing and employment across the city.273 Six metropolitan cooling across Melbourne. MOSS is currently open for partnerships have been established, each responsible for consultation with local government and key stakeholders, 279 developing a five-year plan for jobs, services and infrastructure in and is expected to be completed in late 2020. its respective region274 and involving partnerships between levels Similarly, the Department of Environment, Land, Water and of government, industry and communities to address distinct Planning (DELWP) is also working on the proposed whole-of- priorities275. The current five-year plans cover the period 2018-22. government approach to cooling and greening.280 It has launched Economy and Planning Groups (EPWG) have also been established a number of greening initiatives and worked with stakeholders 281,282 to combine planning, infrastructure, transport and economic to publish a range of data on vegetation, heat and land use. 283 development portfolios for each metropolitan region. EPWGs also This work is also expected to be finalised in late 2020. align the work being done be both the Victorian Government and The Victorian Government has also launched its Suburban local councils in each region.276 EPWGs provide input to Parks Program. The $158 million initiative will purchase 6,500 metropolitan partnerships and are responsible for delivering hectares of land for large regional parks, in growth areas, and land use frameworks for their region.277 pocket or dog parks in established suburbs. In August 2020, Assessment : in progress it announced a further $2.5 million for seven new dog parks in Melbourne, and ten more in regional Victoria, bringing the Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend more integrated total number announced to 33.284 service and infrastructure planning within and across the Victorian and local governments to improve coordination and investment DELWP and metropolitan local governments have endorsed the outcomes. This is reflected in draft recommendations 32 and 68 Living Melbourne: our metropolitan urban forest. Developed by of the draft strategy, ‘Produce public plans for priority infrastructure Resilient Melbourne and The Nature Conservancy, this urban forest sectors’ and ‘Prioritise and oversee infrastructure delivery in strategy intends to connect, extend and enhance urban greening 285 growing communities’. across the metropolitan area. 56 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Assessment : in progress Assessment : in progress
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend more green Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving access infrastructure in metropolitan areas, particularly rapidly growing to, and the quality of, bus services in Melbourne’s growth areas areas of Melbourne. This is reflected in draft recommendations through reform of the network and targeted upgrades. This is 37 and 71 of the draft strategy, ‘Develop an interconnected reflected in draft recommendations 62 and 63 of the draft strategy, open space network’, and ‘Target 30% tree canopy coverage ‘Reshape the metropolitan bus network’ and ‘Connect suburban in new growth areas’. jobs through premium buses and road upgrades’.
Growth area local buses Habitat corridors (16.3.2, HCL) (1.3.2, 11.5.2, LBS) Deliver expanded habitat corridors over 5-30 years to protect Expand the local bus network coverage in growth areas and biodiversity from emerging challenges, including climate provide service enhancements over 0-15 years to support change, by connecting remnant vegetation with areas such local trips and connection with other trunk services, such as as rivers and roadsides, providing incentives (including tax SmartBus routes and local train stations, subject to transparent relief) to private land owners, and undertaking strategic land assessment to determine priorities. This would include new purchases, supported by fencing and revegetation. buses, better timetables and more services and help to ensure quality access to jobs and services including to major Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. employment centres from growth areas. Government supports the intent of this recommendation, noting protection of habitat corridors should occur where Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. they are of biodiversity importance. As this recommendation Government supports the intent of this recommendation, and is for 5-30 years, future budget consideration will be needed supports the expansion of bus services to connect growing to further investment. communities with employment, education and social opportunities. As the recommendation is over 0-15 years, full In 2017, the Victorian Government committed to preserving implementation will be considered as part of future budgets. Victoria’s natural environment and unique biodiversity in Protecting Victoria’s Environment – Biodiversity 2037.288 A strategic plan, Since 2016, expansions to bus services – including to growth areas Protecting Victoria’s Environment recognises the need for – have been largely funded through additional budget allocations transformational developments in conservation, sustainability and rather than wholesale bus network reform. the economic development of biodiversity and natural habitats.289 The Victorian Government also runs a program supporting In 2017, the Victorian Government announced it would renegotiate landholders or managers who provide habitat for native wildlife new contracts with the 12 metropolitan bus operators which on their land.290 together operated 70% of the city’s bus network. The new contracts aimed in order to provide better services and expand Assessment : not done services.286 Prior to these reforms, the complex contracting Infrastructure Victoria notes continued improvements environment had made it difficult for the Department of Transport should continue to be delivered through the normal business to reconfigure the bus network to respond to customer needs of government. particularly with regard to existing bus routes.
The 2017-18 Budget funded several route extensions, upgrades and new services to improve bus network coverage. In the 2019-20 Health-care delivery through technology Budget, the Victorian Government allocated $7.9 million over the (2.2.3, 3.1.2, 12.1.6, THE) forward estimates to improve bus services and access to these services through a new ‘Better Buses Fund’. Initiatives identified Expand the roll-out of video conferencing and remote under the new fund included the creation of new bus services monitoring for health care and enable technologies to linking Mernda and Craigieburn Station, and Donnybrook to ‘plug in’ and share information over 5-10 years to deliver Craigieburn.287 These initiatives were not, however, accompanied real-time, cost-effective and convenient health services. by a transparent identification of priority locations or how new connections would link to the trunk network. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Government is committed to increasing the use of technology to expand access to health care services Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 57
remotely, including through the Better Care Innovation Health-care ICT systems Fund. As this recommendation is over 5-10 years (3.1.1, 12.1.5, EEA) implementation will be considered with future budgets. Improve the capability of digital health systems over 0-10 In 2017, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) years. This will involve implementing digital clinical systems released the Statewide Design, Service and Infrastructure Plan for across public hospitals and health services, establishing Victoria's Health System.291 One priority in this plan is strengthening clinical and research information exchanges and connecting regional and rural health care through developing the rural health all elements with a secure communications network. This will workforce, which the plan notes can be supported by 'using enable patient information to be shared within and between digital technologies (including telehealth) to reduce isolation and health service providers and the research community, support remote practice'.292 The Statewide Design, Service and improving quality and safety, coordinating services and Infrastructure Plan for Victoria's Health System 2017-37 also notes enabling developments in medical research and technology. technology is increasingly being used in Victoria to deliver better health outcomes, citing as examples telehealth, hub-and-spoke Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. models that connect regional hospitals with specialist sites, and the Government supports improving the capability of digital Victorian Stroke Telemedicine Program, which provides 24/7 access health systems with some recent investments made. to stroke neurologists.293 As this recommendation is made over 0-10 years, implementation of its full scope will need future budget The Victorian Government has provided funding for innovations in consideration and the readiness of health services. the health care sector under the Better Care Victoria Innovation Fund.294 Since its establishment in 2016, this fund has provided The Victorian Government’s Statewide Design, Service and resources for 42 projects to use technology in an innovative way Infrastructure Plan for Victoria's Health System 2017-37 aims to to better deliver health care services.295 Specific uses of digital align hospital capacity, infrastructure and patient needs.301 The Plan technology included: utilising telehealth to provide regional patients builds on a number of existing health care oriented policies by suffering from young onset dementia with better, more timely 'continuing to invest in medical technologies', 'ensuring investment access to specialist care;296 delivering in-home telemedicine in technology goes where it is needed', and 'bringing together services to rural residents near Latrobe;297 and using telemedicine medical technology and medical research to drive innovation'.302 to deliver services to rural patients in Intensive Care Units This includes a $13 million clinical technology refresh303 in the with chronic complex care needs298. While these projects are statewide infrastructure pipeline, which an extra $30 million was welcome, they are one-off and do not reflect a commitment provided in the 2020-21 Budget to upgrade networks and to recurrent funding. computer servers that support services like pathology, diagnostic imaging, and patient management systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of telehealth and digital technology more broadly across the health sector. To The Victorian Auditor-General’s Office (VAGO) released its audit, minimise the risk of COVID transmission in health settings, the ICT Strategic Planning in the Health Sector,304 in 2017. In the audit, Australian Government provided greater access to bulk-billed video VAGO evaluated whether planning effectively aligned with and and telephone consultations with medical professionals which was implemented government policy objectives, finding that while the extended in its 2020-21 Budget. Similarly, the Victorian Government Department of Health and Human Services' 'recent initiatives show allocated $12.5 million in its 2020-21 Budget towards medical that it is committed to [...] planning more effectively for integrated services to maintain high usage rates for telehealth services. The clinical ICT systems [...] further work is required from the health system also made greater use of other technology, including department to fully and effectively implement the Framework'.305 remote imaging services, online secondary consultations, electronic scripts, remote monitoring, online team coordination, and electronic Although it has supported and participated in the Australia-wide health records.299 While the long-term impact of COVID-19 on roll-out of the Commonwealth’s Australia’s National Digital Health telehealth is uncertain, it is clear that telehealth services are here to Strategy,306 the Victorian Government has not released any notable stay.300 policies related to improving ICT in the health system since 2017, nor has it released a response to VAGO’s audit. Assessment : in progress Assessment : in progress Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the adoption of innovative and digital health technologies where these can Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend technology appropriately complement in-person services, including in regional improvements in health care, and this is reflected in draft areas. This is reflected in draft recommendations 21 and 88 recommendation 21 of the draft strategy, ‘Use innovation to deliver of the draft strategy, ‘Use innovation to deliver better models better models of health care’. of health care’ and ‘Use rural schools for children’s specialist and allied telehealth services’. 58 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Health-care partnerships (3.2.1, HAP) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Develop additional partnerships with community and private A High Capacity Signalling project is being rolled out to sector health care providers over 0-30 years to complement prepare the network for future demand. The program will the public health system and promote the sharing of resources require continual review to ensure its deployment schedule and facilities. The completion of the Victorian Statewide reflects demand. system design, service and infrastructure plan will provide greater visibility of where there are the opportunities for The Victorian Government has committed to a trial and limited government and other parties to form partnerships in a roll-out of high capacity signalling on some parts of the network. more structured, longer-term manner. A high capacity signalling trial is currently underway on the Mernda line, between Epping and South Morang. Following the results of Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. the trial, high capacity signalling will be rolled out along the Sunbury Government supports the intent of this recommendation to Cranbourne-Pakenham line. High capacity signalling on this line and it will be explored as part of the development of the will be delivered as part of the Metro Tunnel Project, with Signal statewide design, service and infrastructure plan to be Control Centres (SCC) in Sunshine and Dandenong.313 The released in 2017. Sunshine SCC will be complete late 2020, with the Dandenong SCC ready in 2022. In the Statewide Design, Service and Infrastructure Plan for Victoria's Health System 2017-37307, the Victorian Government To date, no high capacity signalling roll-outs have been announced committed to working with Metropolitan and Regional Partnerships for other railway lines. to integrate community insights into health care planning and Assessment : in progress prioritisation.308 These partnerships are intended to have “direct links into major metropolitan health services”, with the aim of Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improved signalling 309 delivering improved health outcomes for rural Victorians. to support service and reliability uplifts, and this is reflected in draft recommendation 64 of the draft strategy, ‘Increase suburban rail The partnerships were renewed in 2019, with the release of the corridor services and capacity’. Rural and Regional Health Partnerships – Guidelines 2020.310 The Guidelines provide a framework for continuing the partnerships into 2020 by setting core principles to; improve the safety and quality of care to patients, increase the capacity and accessibility of rural High Productivity Freight Vehicles health care, improve regional self-sufficiency, and strengthen the (13.4.3, HPF) sustainability of rural health services and their workforce, with funding commitments of $750,000 from 2018-19.311 Roll out a program of upgrades to the road network supporting high mass High Productivity Freight Vehicles (HPFV), The COVID-19 pandemic radically re-shaped the partnership particularly bridges to accommodate heavier axle loads, between public and private hospitals. The Victorian Government over 5-15 years. The first step is to confirm the future HPFV made an agreement with major private hospital operators that network, then identify priority locations and works, focussing aimed to support both hospital systems work together during on supply chains that will benefit most. This program should the pandemic to relieve pressure on the public system.312 be integrated with asset management plans and be undertaken in partnership with local government where appropriate. Assessment : in progress Work in this area will reduce the number of freight trips required, improving productivity, road safety and environmental Infrastructure Victoria notes continued improvements performance. should continue to be delivered through the normal business of government and the COVID-19 pandemic response. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Work is underway with the Commonwealth Government to High capacity signalling (10.4.7, RSF) develop the Higher Productivity Freight Vehicle network and deploy improvements to roads to enable this network. Roll out high capacity signalling systems on key sections of the Further budget consideration is required in future years metropolitan rail network, beyond current commitments, over to address the full scope of this recommendation over 5-30 years to support the operation of additional services at 5-15 years. peak times and improve reliability. This program should build on existing studies and imminent trials, with a likely early focus being the lines that operate through Clifton Hill. In 2018, the Victorian Government (Freight Victoria) released the statewide freight plan, Delivering the Goods.314 This plan outlined Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 59
the need to continue to invest in the expansion of the existing considered as part of the Victorian Government’s ‘Plan for Fairer, transport network for Victorian Higher Productivity Freight Vehicles Safer Housing’ reforms, which include a review of the Residential (HPFVs) – heavy vehicle combinations that exceed 26 metres Tenancies Act 1997, and provide residents time to find somewhere or which have a Gross Combination Mass of more than 68.5 else to live when a caravan park is to close while also requiring park tonnes.315,316 Delivering the Goods noted the expansion of the owners to provide appropriate support (Initiative 3.4).325 HPFV network would require strengthening and upgrading bridges and intersections on regional and metropolitan road networks, and In the Homes for Victorians plan, the Victorian Government need to consider the role of rail in meeting future freight needs.317 also committed to investing $109 million over five years in leasing support, crisis accommodation and support services In recent years, the Victorian Government has allocated funds to in order to help 19,000 homeless people to move into stable upgrade road network infrastructure to support the expansion housing (Initiative 5.1).326 of the use of HPFVs. In 2018, $61.9 million was allocated to upgrade bridges for better access by both local communities and The COVID-19 crisis caused rapid decisions to safeguard HPFVs,318 and an additional $19.2 million for Shepparton heavy tenancies through the pandemic. The Victorian Government vehicle alternative freight route upgrades.319 In 2019, the Victorian legislated a temporary ban on rental evictions during the crisis, Government allocated $10 million to improve freight transport provided land tax relief, and established a rental assistance 327 across regional Victoria.320 The Victorian Government has also fund. These were extended in September 2020, and the 328 permitted HPFVs to use more of the road network, with 15% of eligibility and support provided by rental assistance increased. the network now able to be used in this way,321 and made maps Assessment : in progress of the High Productivity Freight Vehicle Network available online.322 Infrastructure Victoria notes continued improvements Assessment : in progress should continue to be delivered through the normal business Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend road upgrades of government and the COVID-19 pandemic response. and maintenance to meet road freight needs, particularly in regional areas. This is reflected in draft recommendation 77 of the draft strategy, ‘Deliver funding certainty for regional road maintenance Inland Rail (13.5.1, MBF) and upgrades’. Undertake further scoping and planning work within 0-5 years for delivery of the Inland Rail project, working with Housing rental assistance (7.1.1, HRA) the Australian Rail Track Corporation and the Commonwealth Government, to maximise benefits for Victorian freight Extend current state government housing rental assistance operations. Completion of this project is anticipated and advocacy programs over 0-30 years to support people to within 10-15 years. Potential benefits include productivity stay in the private rental market and avoid the need for higher improvements from double stacked containers (noting cost social housing support. that construction of an intermodal facility for double stacked containers would be required – see Recommendation 13.3.3), Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government decreased transit time between Melbourne and Brisbane is committed to this recommendation and will deliver through and reduced reliance on road-based haulage (ref. MBF). a number of key initiatives set out in Homes for Victorians. As this recommendation is 0-30 years, continual monitoring Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government is required to determine whether further investments are supports the development of the Inland Rail project with the needed to address any supply and demand constraints. Commonwealth Government.
The Victorian Government has made several commitments to In March 2018 the Victorian and Australian Governments signed expanding crisis accommodation and supportive responses through a bilateral agreement to deliver the Victorian leg of the Inland Rail the Homes for Victorians plan.323 Under Initiative 3 of that plan, the project, which will comprise 13 individual projects and span over 329,330 Victorian Government recognised the need to promote stability and 1,700 kilometres from Melbourne to Brisbane. The agreement affordability for renters. It announced $33.2 million over two years to includes a commitment to negotiate a long-term lease with the support households to access or maintain private rental housing, Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC), and support from both through funding private rental brokers to provide flexible support governments for the extension of the North East Rail Corridor to and practical assistance (Initiative 3.2).324 It also undertook to enable the project to be delivered. increase protections for vulnerable residents of ‘residential parks’ Planning for the Victorian section from Tottenham to Albury (T2A) is – i.e. caravan parks and residential villages – in the event of a currently underway, with construction planned to begin in 2021 park closure for redevelopment. These protections were to be 60 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
along 305 kilometres of existing rail corridor from metropolitan passenger vehicle types, including rideshare vehicles, and requiring Melbourne to the New South Wales border. This first stage of the all drivers to pass police, medical and driving history checks; project will involve improvements at 12 sites along the North East promoting more services for people with a disability; and providing Line to enable double stacked freight trains 1,800 metres in length funding for industry transition assistance. The Victorian Government to be run on the track.331 has also replaced annual taxi and hire car licence fees – a cost not borne by rideshare vehicles – with a new levy of $1 per trip for all The Victorian Government is also undertaking planning work to align commercial passenger vehicles.334 the location of a new interstate intermodal terminal in Melbourne with the Inland Rail project.332 Two possible sites have been Assessment : in progress identified at Truganina and Beveridge, currently operating as interstate freight terminals. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend reforms to promote innovative transport service models, across travel modes, Assessment : substantially complete to generate greater efficiency and competition across the network. This is reflected in draft recommendation 18 of the draft strategy, Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation ‘Facilitate integration of public transport with new mobility services’. is being met. The continuing need to provide innovative transport solutions which respond to community needs in regional areas is reflected in draft recommendation 85, 'Reform regional public transport to meet Innovative transport services local needs'. (1.3.1, 10.7.1, 12.2.2, MAS)
Remove barriers to the entry of new market players offering Integrated community health hubs innovative transport services within 0-5 years to increase travel (3.2.3, 12.1.7, ICP) options and encourage higher vehicle occupancy. Particular areas of opportunity include ride hailing, car pooling and Expand the provision of integrated, community-based private minibuses and coaches providing either on-demand health hubs over 5-30 years, in partnership with a mix of or fixed schedule services through third-party applications. health providers and other complementary human services In regional areas, the ability to earn a supplementary income and justice service providers. This will allow for a greater and provide much needed local on-demand transport has focus on primary and preventative health, better meeting the potential for widespread community benefit. This should local community needs and reducing pressure on hospitals be undertaken with a review of metropolitan bus contracts to (ref. ICP). ensure that these new players are not contractually precluded or otherwise disadvantaged from entering the market. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. and has implemented examples of integrated community Government supports the development of new and health hubs through the Better Care Innovation Fund and the innovative transport options, subject to further investigation Regional Health Infrastructure Fund. As this recommendation including safety, equitability and value for the community. is over 5-30 years, its full scope will need to be considered as Government has already started to reform the commercial part of future budgets. passenger vehicle sector and will continue to explore other areas where new types of services can improve connectivity. Since 2016, the Victorian Government has expanded support for facilities that deliver community and primary health services in an Since 2016, the Victorian Government’s actions on promoting integrated way. innovative transport services have focussed on encouraging minor improvements while mitigating the impact on existing services from In 2016, and in response to the 2015 Travis Review of the public technological change. This has involved legislative change to enact hospital system, Better Care Victoria (BCV) and the BCV Innovation reforms of the taxi and hire car industries, specifically the Commercial Fund were established to support more timely, appropriate access Passenger Vehicle Industry Act 2017 and Commercial Passenger to quality care, particularly through more innovative health Vehicle Industry Amendment (Further Reforms) Act 2017.333 practices.335 Health Services can apply to the BCV Innovation Fund for resources to allow upgrades in three focus areas: digital health; On the basis of these Acts, the Department of Transport has care delivered outside of hospital premises; and quality and progressively implemented reforms that include: increasing the safety.336 The same year, it established the Regional Health number of commercial vehicles and rideshare and taxi booking Infrastructure Fund (RHIF), an annual grant program targeted at service providers in the market; applying more stringent and improving health and aged care services for regional Victoria.337 consistent standards and customer protections across commercial Managed by the Department of Health and Human Services Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 61
(DHHS), the RHIF has been allocated over $350 million since In 2016, the Victorian Government contributed funding towards 2016338 and generally funds facility and equipment upgrades, the Macalister344, Bacchus Marsh and Werribee irrigation districts. including projects which add services to existing facilities.339 These projects have been progressively delivered, with the Bacchus Marsh and Werribee projects due to be completed in 2021.345, 346 In late 2016, the Statewide Strategic Services and Infrastructure More recently, the Victorian Government committed $10.4 million in Plan 2017-37 recognised as priorities the use of health and funding for Phase 2 of the Macalister Irrigation District Modernisation wellbeing hubs to “make it easier for people to access what they project, bringing its contribution for the project to $46 million with 340 need to stay well or recover sooner in the community”. In 2018, local irrigators and the Australian Government contributing the the Victorian Government committed $675 million to build and remainder of funding.347 This phase of the project is due to be upgrade ten community hospitals close to rapidly growing areas completed by 2024.348 in Craigieburn, Cranbourne, Pakenham, Phillip Island, Sunbury, Torquay, the City of Whittlesea, Eltham, Point Cook and Fishermans The Victorian Government is also providing grants for landowners to Bend.341 In the 2020-21 Budget, $66.1 million was added to the improve the efficiency of their on-farm water use, including through program. The Australian Government is also contributing funding appropriate irrigation development and modernisation, as part of its towards community health, hospital and infrastructure projects in Sustainable Irrigation Future Initiative. The program is continuing Victoria. Managed by DHHS, these hospitals were to provide a with new funding from the 2020-21 Budget. So far, 257 grants have broad range of walk-in, primary and preventative hospital, been provided, covering a total of 1,680 hectares.349 community health and social services and reduce unnecessary presentations to hospitals. Construction is expected to start by Assessment : substantially complete 2022 and be completed by 2024.342 Infrastructure Victoria notes considerable progress in modernising Assessment : in progress water infrastructure. However, given the ongoing impacts of climate change on water security, we continue to recommend Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend innovative the modernisation of water delivery systems and infrastructure. improvements to health care, reflected in draft recommendation This is reflected in draft recommendation 14 of the draft strategy, 21, ‘Use innovation to deliver better models of health care’. Draft ‘Strengthen agricultural water security by modernising irrigation’. recommendation 89, 'Deliver multipurpose shared social service facilities in the regions' seeks to address barriers to planning and delivering integrated facilities which incorporate a mixture of health Justice case management ICT system and community services. (8.2.3, CSC)
Develop a justice case management ICT system within Irrigation water delivery (14.1.3, WDE) 0-10 years that builds on work occurring for courts and aims to create one view of the client across the criminal justice Deliver modernisation or pipelining projects for irrigation water system. This should be designed and delivered with delivery systems in areas where this is yet to be addressed consideration of how to link to civil justice systems with within 0-10 years to ensure systems across the state are health and human services. operating with minimal water losses. This closes out the range of initiatives to improve delivery efficiency in irrigation systems. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. and will address the needs of the Magistrates Court and Government supports the intent of this recommendation, Children’s Court in the short term through an $89.2 million with any major upgrades to be considered on a project- investment for a new case management system. As this by-project basis over the next 10-years, as part of recommendation is over 0-10 years further investment future budgets. will be considered in future budgets.
The Victorian Government has continued to contribute to The implementation of a new, $89.2 million case management modernisation and pipelining projects for irrigation water delivery system (CMS) is underway at the Magistrates’ and Children’s systems. This includes automation and upgrade of channels, courts.350 CMS will be a single point of entry for cases in both removal of redundant channels, replacement of open channels to courts. This will enable greater justice agency interaction with the reduce evaporation, upgrades to the accuracy of meters, and the courts, minimise manual and paper-based practices by moving lining and remodelling of channels to minimise water lost during some processes online, and improve efficient court management. transport.343 Courts will seek to share large volumes of information with several external parties. Consultation has begun with Victoria Police, 62 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Department of Justice and Community Safety – including Landfill protection (15.2.1, FLS) Corrections Victoria, Youth Justice, Infringement Management and Enforcement Services and Fines Victoria – the Department of Health Amend planning provisions to require consideration of the and Human Services, Department of Transport, Victoria Legal Aid, location of landfills and sensitive land uses in decision-making Office of Public Prosecutions, Law Institute of Victoria and Victorian by applying the Environmental Protection Agency’s buffer Bar Association. distances, for example the 500 metre gas migration area, within 0-5 years. The ‘reverse amenity’ principle, which aims The initial and procurement phases of CMS implementation are now to ensure that sensitive land uses are not located or designed complete. Implementation is underway, with the project completion in ways that would expose people to unacceptable amenity 351 due in mid-2022. In line with our 2016 strategy recommendation, impacts, can be considered to prevent land use conflicts. a fully integrated system will not be implemented until CMS is rolled out in both the Magistrates’ and Children’s courts. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government supports this recommendation, which will be addressed through Assessment : in progress implementation of the response to the review of the Environment Protection Authority. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend a modern, flexible justice system, which can improve service delivery, as reflected in The Victorian Government has made several commitments to draft recommendation 22 of the draft strategy, ‘Modernise courts including location and land use considerations within planning through digitisation and contemporary shared facilities’. provision guidelines. This has primarily been through the response to the review of the Environment Protection Authority (EPA).
Justice/health/human services Victoria’s Recycling Infrastructure Plan – formerly known as the integrated planning (8.1.1, JCS) Statewide Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan (SWRRIP)353 – lists the ways in which the Victorian Planning Develop joint service delivery plans for justice, health and Provisions (VPPs) integrate the land use planning system with human services within 0-5 years that identify opportunities for the Waste and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Planning 354 incrementally delivering complementary integrated systems Framework. For instance, the VPPs require consideration and facilities. This includes planning ahead when refurbishing of the SWRRIP and Regional Implementation Plans, where 355 existing facilities or delivering new facilities or ICT upgrades. an assessment against the planning scheme is required. These plans should include consideration of related services In 2017, the EPA released Assessing planning within the buffer of a provided by government, community and private sector landfill, a publication that, while not legally binding, assists planning organisations to both victims and offenders. and responsible authorities under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. It aims to assist the assessment of planning permit Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. applications and planning scheme amendments that would lead to Government agrees with the intent of this recommendation. development within the buffer of an operating or closed landfill.356 Considerable work is already underway with the integration of The guideline looks at the need for buffers around landfill sites and family violence services with justice and potential of forensic the legislation and Victorian Planning Provisions that apply to them, mental health linkages where appropriate, however it may be providing a recommended approach to assessment.357 noted that some elements of service delivery are not suitable for integration. The publication notes that although there are no zones, overlays or provisions in the VPPs with specific requirements on making Services – including a broad range of workforces in specialist family decisions in relation to land within the buffer of a landfill, there are violence agencies, community, health, education, police and justice provisions that can be applied as tools to manage development. – are integrated with justice services.352 Joint service delivery plans This includes the application of a Special Use Zone or an have not been developed for justice, health and human services. Environmental Significance Overlay to operate as landfill buffers to identified areas of land,358 which can be used to create a permit Assessment : not commenced trigger for buildings, works and subdivision.359
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend justice, health, Assessment : in progress human services integrated planning, and this is reflected in draft recommendations 23, 32 and 89; ‘Improve technology and Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend an approach to infrastructure for a responsive police service’, ‘Produce public waste disposal and processing sites that minimises landfill and plans for priority infrastructure sectors’ and ‘Deliver multipurpose the impact of landfill on communities and the environment. The shared social service facilities in the regions’. Victorian Government should continue to strengthen infrastructure planning to manage residual waste through the Recycling Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 63
Infrastructure Plan, as reflected in draft recommendation 31 service needs of each line across the network and develop a of the draft strategy, ‘Minimise waste and improve residual service plan that meets these needs, including consideration of waste infrastructure planning’. weekend demand. Long distance lines including Warrnambool, Bairnsdale, Albury-Wodonga, Echuca, Swan Hill and Shepparton should all be considered, but Shepparton is a high priority for Level crossing removals (11.3.3, MLC) further assessment.
Develop a transparent prioritisation process within 0-5 Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. years for targeted removal of level crossings beyond current Government supports the intent of this recommendation. commitments made by government. This should build on work A range of recent initiatives make progress against this already completed by VicRoads and consider desired land recommendation. As this recommendation is over 10 years, use outcomes, including supporting major employment implementation of its full scope will require future budget centres, noting that, even over a 30-Year period, it is likely consideration, as well as further investment in rolling stock. that removing all remaining metropolitan level crossings will not be viable. Level crossing removals reduce the potential The Regional Network Development Plan, released in May 2016, for conflicts between road users and rail operations and followed significant consultation with local and regional stakeholders reduce congestion on surrounding roads. to assist with the development of long-term infrastructure and service priorities. The plan foreshadowed additional investments Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government in V/Line rail and bus passenger infrastructure and services. supports this recommendation. A prioritisation framework that considers updated data, including land use, should be The most significant improvements in regional rail since 2016 have considered as part of any future decisions to expand the level been under the Regional Rail Revival program. A joint initiative of crossing removals program, noting there is no financial the Australian and Victorian Governments, this program aims to commitment beyond the current schedule. upgrade stations, track and signalling along every regional passenger line. Funding for upgrades under the Regional Rail The Department of Transport and Level Crossing Removal Project Program includes: $518 million for the Ballarat Line; $91 million (LXRP) spent 18-months developing a four-step prioritisation for the Bendigo and Echuca Line; $160 million for the Geelong framework, which was released in 2018.360 The framework Line; $530 million for the Gippsland Line; $235 million for the North navigates the complex task of prioritisation in a clear, logical East line; $10 million for capacity improvements on the Shepparton 362 and transparent way. The four steps of the framework, detailed Freight Network; and $114 million for the Warrnambool Line. The on the LXRP website,361 are: Victorian Government has also announced it will upgrade the Shepparton Line to deliver more reliable services and modern trains. \ Step 1: Gather data – Identify remaining level crossings for The first stage of the Shepparton Line upgrade was delivered in potential removal and gather data for each site regarding the 2018, with delivery of the next – upgrades to enable VLocity trains key principles. The key principles that underpin the framework to and from Shepparton, as well as level crossing upgrades, are Movement, Place, Safety and Delivery. platform upgrades and train stabling – due to conclude in late 2022.263 The Australian Government has increased its commitments \ Step 2: Categorise – Categorise which sites demonstrate a to Victoria for upgrades to the Shepparton and Warrnambool lines ‘very high need’ and a ‘high need’ regarding each key principle. in its 2020-21 Budget. \ Step 3: Prioritise – Prioritise sites based on a balanced consideration of key principles. Select initial priority sites. Assessment : substantially complete
\ Step 4: Optimise – Undertake a supplementary ‘sense Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation check’ assessment of all sites. has been met.
Assessment : substantially complete
Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation Major cultural/sporting infrastructure has been met. (4.3.1, 5.1.1, CSM)
Develop a transparent decision-making framework to guide Long distance rail services (12.2.9, RTL) any future state government investment in major cultural/arts and sporting infrastructure within 0-5 years. The criteria Provide targeted additional rail services on existing long- applied, and the supporting resources, should ensure that distance lines over 0-10 years. The initial focus should be on any future infrastructure investment will not just benefit one delivering five services five days per week. However, further or two main groups, but have a wider community benefit planning and investigation is required to understand the unique through the provision of new spaces for community use. 64 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Government supports Government partly supports this recommendation and notes the intent of this recommendation. A number of funded that considerable work is already underway through existing projects align with the priority hospitals identified by strategy development including the Creative State Strategy, Infrastructure Victoria. As this recommendation is over State Facilities Strategy and Major Stadia Strategy. Further 10-15, its full scope will need to be considered with work will be undertaken to determine the practicality of a future budgets. framework that considers both sport and creative industries infrastructure together. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the most significant part of the Victorian Government’s response to this recommendation has been In 2018, the Victorian Government published its major stadia its commitment to, and allocation of funding for, a complete rebuild strategy, Home Ground Advantage, which focuses on major field of Footscray Hospital. The 2018 commitment will see a new, stadia and indoor arenas which host national and international $1.5 billion hospital built on Victoria University’s Footscray Park men’s and women’s sporting competitions and entertainment campus,372 with the existing facility continuing to operate in events.364 The strategy aims to identify investments and initiatives the interim. Construction is expected to begin in 2020, with a that would support Victoria to retain its reputation as a leader in scheduled completion date of 2025.373 Funding for upgrades at the providing sporting and other major events over the coming three other two major hospitals identified in the recommendation – the decades.365 Priorities identified in Home Ground Advantage include: Alfred and Royal Melbourne – had been much more modest. The professional women’s sport; regional event attraction; transport Alfred Hospital received $4.1 million in funding to upgrade its fire integration around major venues; safety and security; and universal services 374, 375 and $69.5 million to upgrade the old Main Ward design.366 Investments are outlined for Etihad Stadium in Block.376 In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government Melbourne’s Docklands; upgrades to women’s professional sport committed $10 million for initial planning to redevelop the Royal venues; Eureka Stadium, Ballarat; Kardinia Park, Geelong; and the Melbourne Hospital's City Campus and consider a new site for the Melbourne Cricket Ground.367 hospital in the Arden Renewal Precinct in North Melbourne. This commitment followed an earlier allocation of $40 million for upgrade 368 The Creative Victoria Act 2017 and the launch of the Creative works at the Royal Melbourne's City and Parkville campuses.377,378 State strategy, which sets out 40 actions to grow the creative and cultural economy,369 represent significant steps toward improving In response to COVID-19, the Victorian Government has committed the decision-making frameworks for investment in major cultural significant additional funds to increase the capacity of public infrastructure. The Victorian Government has also made a series hospitals. In April 2020, it announced an additional $1.9 billion to of major announcements for the Melbourne Arts Precinct, including: increase bed capacity statewide by more than 700, including at the major new attractions, such as the National Gallery of Victoria’s Alfred Hospital and other major hospitals.379 In the 2020-21 Budget, new contemporary art gallery; the new Australian Performing Arts the Victorian Government added an extra $2.7 billion for hospital Gallery; expanding the Australian Music Vault; and modernising capacity, including continuing the operation of new facilities opened the Arts Centre Melbourne’s theatre buildings.370 The Victorian in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. These investments were, Government is also investing $1.4 billion in the redevelopment of however, made in response to a short-term need rather Melbourne's arts precinct in Southbank.371 than in response to projections of long-term demand.
Assessment : in progress Assessment : in progress
Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend refurbishment recommendation, the remaining elements of which should continue of Melbourne’s major hospitals, and this is reflected in draft to be delivered through the normal business of government. recommendations 32 and 58 of the draft strategy; ‘Produce public plans for priority infrastructure sectors’ and ‘Upgrade and rebuild public hospital infrastructure.' Major hospitals (3.2.4, THR) Respond to the aged condition of the Alfred, Royal Major water supply augmentation Melbourne and Footscray hospitals, with a view to completing (14.3.1, RWW, WSA1) a major refurbishment or new facility construction of one or more of these hospitals within 10-15 years. This will be In liaison with water businesses, transparently determine required to efficiently support the delivery of specialist and trigger points for major water supply augmentation within 0-5 complex statewide health services and meet the needs years to enable timely community engagement and investment of rapidly growing inner city populations. decisions in the long-term interests of the community. Major water supply augmentation may be required in 15-30 years or beyond. To increase water security, consideration of rainfall- Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 65
independent technologies is appropriate, but the mix of 15-30 year period (see Recommendation 10.9.2/11.4.2). technologies or sequencing of technology choices requires Upgrading airport bus services will make this mode more informed community discussion. Consideration of suitable attractive for use by employees at the airport and surrounding technologies should reflect innovative opportunities facilities and for travellers, reducing demand and congestion available in the market. Some currently available options on the Tullamarine Freeway. for consideration include: recycling water for drinking; increasing the capacity of Wonthaggi desalination plant Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. from 150 GL to 200 GL; additional groundwater capacity; Works are underway to increase road capacity as part of new major desalination capacity elsewhere in the state. CityLink Tulla Widening project that will improve bus travel to the airport. Higher levels of on-road prioritisation will Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. be assessed in the context of the broader network and Government supports the intent of this recommendation, long-term airport access planning. and will continue to monitor the need for major augmentation of water supplies through existing planning processes. Of The Victorian Government has responded to this recommendation the potential augmentation options, recycling wastewater with the CityLink Tulla Widening project. Completed in 2018, the for drinking is not supported and not government policy. project increased capacity on the Tullamarine Freeway, CityLink and West Gate Freeway, from Melbourne Airport through to Power The Victorian Government has progressed its statutory processes Street, Southbank. Major Road Projects Victoria, who managed the for statewide resource planning through reviewing existing project, state that average speeds during the morning peak almost strategies and undertaking long-term water resources assessments. doubled since the new lanes opened.384 In 2018, the Victorian Government reviewed the existing Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy (CRSWS), the state’s plan for Assessment : not commenced the sustainable use of water resources in the Central Region.380 Infrastructure Victoria notes progress on this recommendation, It also undertook long-term water resource assessment for noting the Victorian Government’s commitments to the Airport Rail southern Victoria, completed in February 2020.381 Link effectively supersede the need for significant new investment in Public urban water corporations released their urban water bus connections between Melbourne’s CBD and Melbourne Airport. strategies in 2017, including the Melbourne Water System Strategy.382 These strategies identify a range of augmentation options but are constrained in their consideration of technologies Melbourne Airport rail link based on Victorian Government policy. The Melbourne Water (10.9.2, 11.4.2, MAH) System Strategy contains an action to identify and evaluate potential long-term water supply options by June 2021, including Deliver a rail line to Melbourne Airport, preferably linking with trigger points and adaptive pathways for flexible stage both central Melbourne and the southeast, within 15-30 years investments.383 once the additional capacity of the airport bus is close to being exceeded (see Recommendation 10.9.1/11.4.1). This rail line will Assessment : in progress provide a higher capacity and higher quality service for interstate and international visitors to travel from the airport to the central Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend consideration of city. Further network planning to confirm the optimum way to rainfall-independent technologies, and this is reflected in draft integrate this line into the network will be required, given recommendation 11 of the draft strategy, ‘Consider all water supply projected high growth on the Sunbury and Melton lines, with sources’. We also continue to recommend improvements to major which a Melbourne Airport rail link is currently proposed to share water supply augmentation planning in draft recommendation tracks along the Sunshine corridor. Opportunities to improve 13 of the draft strategy, ‘Improve decision-making for urban access to employment in and around Melbourne Airport and the water investment’. potential land use outcomes should be investigated as part of the project scope.
Melbourne Airport bus Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. (10.9.1, 11.4.1, MAB) Government supports the intent of the Melbourne Airport rail link. The CityLink Tullamarine Freeway Widening project will Deliver a high level of on-road priority to bus services linking provide extra capacity in the near future for the airport bus. Melbourne Airport to central Melbourne, including better Funding has been provided for an airport rail study and will signalling and managed motorway improvements, over 0-10 work with the Commonwealth and private sector to explore years. This will maximise the capacity, efficiency and reliability ways to fund and deliver the project. As the build component of these services and defer the need for a more costly of this recommendation is over 15-30 years, implementation investment in a heavy rail line to Melbourne Airport to the will be considered as part of future budgets. 66 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Since the release of Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy in Since the release of the 2016 strategy, the Victorian Government 2016, the Victorian and Australian Governments have made major has announced the Western Rail Plan (WRP). The WRP will deliver commitments of up to $5 billion each to deliver the Melbourne new electrified metro lines to Melton and Wyndham Vale; increase Airport Rail Link project.385, 386 capacity between Sunshine and the CBD; and deliver improvements to the Geelong and Ballarat lines, allowing trains to run faster than In 2017, the Victorian Government committed $10 million towards 160 kilometres per hour.396 The WRP will create capacity so the full a business case for the project and the Australian Government benefits of the Metro Tunnel Project can be realised. The WRP is 387, 388 $30 million. In 2018, the Victorian Government allocated an being considered with the Melbourne Airport Rail link business additional $50 million for a detailed investigation of a rail pathway case, due in late 2020. to Melbourne Airport, as well as a high-speed rail link between Geelong and Melbourne.389 In March 2019, the Australian and The Fishermans Bend Integrated Transport Plan, published in 2017, Victorian Governments signed an agreement for the project, under included a recommendation for light rail,397 and considered potential which the agreed route for the Melbourne Airport Rail Link would locations for underground stations to be delivered, as part of see a line constructed from Melbourne Airport (Tullamarine) via the Melbourne Metro 2.398 To date, no trigger points for further existing rail corridor to Sunshine and then on to the CBD. The total investment on the Mernda, Werribee or Sunshine rail corridors cost of the Sunshine alignment is estimated to be between $8 have been made public. No commitments to the Melbourne and $13 billion.390 Metro Two project have been made.
The Melbourne Airport Rail Link will run through the Melbourne Assessment : not commenced Metro Tunnel to the airport via Sunshine.391 Train services are expected to provide passengers with a 10-minute turn-up-and-go Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the protection service from Melbourne Airport, creating a journey to the CBD in of land required to expand on Melbourne Metro. This is reflected under 30 minutes.392 Melbourne Airport Rail will use the new fleet of in draft recommendation 66 of the draft strategy, ‘Prepare High Capacity Metro Trains.393 Construction will begin in 2022 with a for Melbourne Metro Two.' target opening date of 2029.394 These delivery timeframes are subject to the business case and relevant Victorian and Federal planning, environmental and other government approvals.395 Melton rail electrification (1.3.6, 10.8.3, MRE1) Assessment : in progress Extend the electrified rail network to Melton, including Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation has additional stations in growth areas, within 10-15 years to been met, and will continue to be delivered by the normal business support the western growth corridor and improve services of government. on the Ballarat line. This electrification is critical to meeting the significant projected patronage growth on the Melton Melbourne Metro – future stages line for access to the central city and requires the support (10.10.2, MMS) of 10-car high-capacity metro trains (see Recommendation 10.5.2) to operate on this line. Identify trigger points and update the long-term plan for a major uplift in capacity on the Mernda, Werribee and Sunshine rail Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. corridors within 0-5 years. It is likely this extra capacity will be Government supports the intent of this recommendation. required in the latter part of the 15-30 year period or potentially As this recommendation is over 10-15 years, implementation beyond 30 years. A new rail tunnel linking Newport and Clifton will be considered as part of future budgets. Hill offers a potential solution, along with providing greater accessibility to Fishermans Bend and Parkville. However, this In 2017, construction commenced on upgrades to the Ballarat line, is a particularly high cost solution and further network planning including the duplication of 18 kilometres of track between Deer is required, considering both how such an investment could Park West and Melton. These works aimed to increase the reliability deliver greater benefits (given that current plans do not show of services for Melbourne’s outer west and the Ballarat region any improvements to the Sunshine corridor) and all available by separating metropolitan and regional services.399, 400 options to better use existing infrastructure first. In 2018, the Victorian Government released a high-level Western Rail Plan, which included a commitment to deliver two new Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government electrified metropolitan rail lines through the western suburbs to supports this recommendation. Future metropolitan rail growth areas in Melton and Wyndham Vale. These lines are to be extensions will be assessed as part of integrated transport separated from the Ballarat and Geelong lines, enabling frequent planning. Trigger points will be identified as part of this work. and high-capacity services between these rapidly growing suburbs Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 67
and freeing capacity on the regional rail lines. In addition to the In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government allocated $20 separation of the two lines, the Western Rail Plan also sets out an million for the renewal of state-owned facilities to assist people with intention to explore the electrification of lines to Ballarat and issues relating to mental health, and alcohol and other drugs. It also Geelong and upgrades that would enable express regional train provided $4.4 million for new alcohol and other drug residential services faster than 160 kilometres per hour.401 While the Western rehabilitation beds in Corio, Wangaratta and Traralgon, and $1 Rail Plan’s scope continues to be developed, the 2019-20 Budget million to continue support for the Aboriginal Metropolitan Ice included $75 million for planning and development of the Western Partnership Initiative. Rail Plan, including the development of a business case and detailed design work.402 The Australian Government has also In 2017, the Victorian Government released its Drug Rehabilitation committed $30 million towards the Western Rail Plan. Plan, committing $87 million in funding to a range of projects, including 100 new rehabilitation beds, to address demand for In early 2020, upgrades to the Ballarat line – including the track drug treatment.408 This was followed, in 2017, by the establishment duplication (but not electrification) – concluded at a cost of $545 of the Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental Health System. million.403, 404 The Royal Commission’s interim report was released in late 2019, outlining the need for 170 new acute mental health beds to alleviate Assessment : in progress critical demand pressure.409 It has allocated significant funding towards implementing the Royal Commission's interim Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend increases to rail recommendations, including 144 new acute mental health beds in capacity to Melbourne’s west, as well as other rapidly growing Geelong, Epping, Sunshine and Melbourne, and another 35 for areas in the city’s north and south east. This is reflected in draft public patients in private health services. The Victorian Government recommendation 69 of the draft strategy, ‘Expand rail access in has made a commitment to implementing every recommendation outer suburbs’. from the Royal Commission, the final report of which is expected to be delivered in early 2021.410 411
Mental health/AOD facilities (3.3.2, MHA) Assessment : in progress
Expand the provision of infrastructure to support mental Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend expanded health and alcohol and other drug (AOD) rehabilitation mental health and addiction facilities, and this is reflected in services across emergency, acute, sub-acute, community draft recommendations 75 and 92 of the draft strategy; ‘Deliver and long-term care over 5-30 years. The first step is to infrastructure for a better mental health system’ and ‘Build regional define the strategic approach to service delivery and align residential alcohol and drug rehabilitation facilities’ respectively. infrastructure planning accordingly. Opportunities to co-locate with complementary justice services and human services should also be considered. Metropolitan bus network (10.4.5, 11.3.4, MBN) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Funding commitments in Reform the metropolitan bus network starting from a clean 2017/18 include $10 million for mental health and alcohol slate within 0-10 years, with planning work to begin as soon and other drug facilities renewal, $34.8 million for new as possible. This should include a review of the existing routes rehabilitation beds and $9.7 million to acquire land in regional and services based on the approach taken in the City of Victoria to build new residential drug rehabilitation facilities. Brimbank in 2013. Focussing on major employment centres, Further detailed planning is underway through the statewide this reform of the bus network will progressively deliver more design, service and infrastructure planning framework. targeted services, primarily with existing resources. Additional facilities over 5-30 years will require future budget consideration. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. The intent of this recommendation is supported and is being The Victorian Government has made a range of commitments to addressed by the overhaul of existing bus contracts, however infrastructure which supports mental health and alcohol and other a 'clean slate' is not possible due to existing contractual drug (AOD) rehabilitation services. The Statewide Design, Service agreements — new contracts will be negotiated with bus and Infrastructure Plan for Victoria's Health System 2017-37 405 operators as contracts come up for renewal. highlights the importance of “closing the gaps in clinical mental health services and alcohol and other drug treatment services.”406 In 2017, the Victorian Government announced it would renegotiate The plan also commits $201.1 million for bed-based and new contracts with the 12 metropolitan bus operators which community mental health capacity, and $78.4 million to expand together operated 70% of the city’s bus network. The new the Ice Action Plan, including upgrades to mental health and contracts aimed to provide better services and expand services.412 AOD service facilities.407 Prior to these reforms, the complex contracting environment had 68 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
made it difficult for the Department of Transport to reconfigure Assessment : in progress the bus network to respond to customer needs, particularly with regard to existing bus routes. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend investment in rail infrastructure, including platform improvements where necessary. Both the 2017-18413 and 2018-19414 Budgets contained significant This is reflected in draft recommendation 64, ‘Increase suburban investment in upgrading and expanding existing metropolitan bus rail corridor services and capacity’. services, and creating new services in some cases. The 2019-20 Budget also established a Better Bus Fund to facilitate the creation of a range of new bus services415 and a Bus Industry Innovation Metropolitan rail upgrades (10.4.4, MRC) Fund to support the industry to deliver improvements to network efficiency, patronage, customer experience, safety and driver Review and update Public Transport Victoria’s Network support.416 A team dedicated to passenger-focussed bus service development plan – Metropolitan rail within 0-5 years to recontracting, for metropolitan and regional bus services, was transparently identify and prioritise network upgrades and also established.417 enhancements required to remove physical and operational constraints that will maximise the use of the existing rail Assessment : in progress network. High-priority projects that will increase the reliability of passenger services, reduce ongoing maintenance costs and Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend a focus on more support the delivery of additional services could include efficient, effective metropolitan bus services, and this is reflected in upgrading and renewal of life-expired signalling systems, draft recommendations 62 and 63 of the draft strategy, ‘Reshape untangling rail junctions (such as at Clifton Hill) and the metropolitan bus network’ and ‘Connect suburban jobs through providing additional platforms at existing stations (such premium buses and road upgrades’. as Dandenong station).
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Metropolitan rail stations (10.4.6, MRI) supports this recommendation. The metropolitan rail network plan is being refreshed as part of strategic integrated Upgrade metropolitan rail stations with high passenger transport planning. volumes, such as central city stations and Caulfield and South Yarra stations, subject to transparent assessment to identify priority locations, over 5-30 years. These upgrades The Victorian Government has made a range of significant will facilitate faster, safer and easier passenger access investments in the metropolitan railway network in recent years. and transfers (ref. MRI). These have been guided by the Department of Transport’s Growing Our Rail Network 2018-2025 strategy (the Strategy).421 Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. The Strategy outlines the progress on a range of projects, such Government supports the intent of this recommendation and as the Mernda Rail extension, Hurstbridge Line Upgrade, Metro 422 a range of existing projects are delivering upgraded or new Tunnel Project and Level Crossing Removal Project. The Strategy stations. As this recommendation is over 30-Years, its full also makes clear that planning work is underway for further scope will require consideration in future budgets. upgrades, such as the Cranbourne Line Duplication and Hurstbridge Line Duplication Stage 2.423
Since the 2016 strategy was released, work has progressed Recent budgets have begun to realise these works. The on a range of railway station upgrades. This includes: 2018-19 Budget allocated $572 million for work on the Sunbury to Cranbourne-Pakenham line.424 The 2019-20 Budget provided \ a $12.33 million upgrade at South Yarra Station, to enhance $530 million for Hurstbridge line work, and $750 million to the entrance and build a new accessible tram stop. Work is duplicate the Cranbourne line.425 expected to begin in 2020.418
\ $16.3 million for train station accessibility improvements at Assessment : in progress Essendon and Watergardens, improvements at Seaford and Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improvements Kananook, and business cases for upgrades to interchange to rail corridor services and capacity, and this is reflected in stations at Broadmeadows and Pakenham.419 draft recommendations 64 and 69 of the draft strategy; ‘Increase In addition to this, a number of railway stations are being upgraded suburban rail corridor services and capacity’ and ‘Expand as part of the Big Build program. The Level Crossing Removal Project rail access in outer suburbs’. is responsible for removing 75 level crossings by 2025. This work involves the delivery of new or upgraded track, stabling yards and railway stations. As of November 2020, 43 level crossings have been removed and 26 new stations have been opened.420 Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 69
Metropolitan rolling stock Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. (10.5.1, HCT3, HCT4) Government has committed to this project, including funding for development to procurement. Construction Institute an asset management-based approach to a long- will require future funding by a mixture of government term program of tram and train rolling stock procurement contributions and tolls, with final funding arrangements within 0-5 years, building on the 2015 Victorian rolling stock determined as part of the detailed planning process. strategy. This program should implement a cycle for the continuous build of new rolling stock, beyond the current The Victorian Government has committed to the full delivery of the commitments, that avoids the stop-start procurement of North East Link (NEL), which will connect Melbourne's freeway recent decades. This will enable the timely retirement of network between the Eastern Freeway and the M80 Ring Road in older rolling stock and the ability to meet the demands the city’s northeast.431 In addition to providing a freeway connection of increased patronage across the network. for up to 135,000 vehicles a day, NEL will also build Melbourne’s first dedicated busway from Doncaster to the CBD, create a new Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. park-and-ride at Bulleen, upgrade the Eastern Freeway and improve Government supports this recommendation. Transport access and upgrade car parking at Watsonia station.432 For Victoria is developing plans for future rolling stock orders and improvements to provide greater certainty for industry A corridor alignment linking the M80 Ring Road in Greensborough and ensure smoother provision of trams and trains to meet to the Eastern Freeway in Bulleen was chosen in 2017 after Melbourne’s needs. assessing four other corridor options and following extensive community feedback. Options were assessed against their potential to: ease congestion; cut travel times; reduce truck traffic on local Since 2015, the Victorian Government has ordered more than roads; improve access to jobs and education; connect industrial 180 new trains and trams.426 Each of these trains and trams will be and freight centres; improve public transport, walking and cycling; manufactured in Victoria. This is part of the Victorian Government’s and result in minimal impact on local communities and the Trains, Trams and Jobs 2015-2025 strategy, committing to a environment.433, 434 10-year pipeline for new, locally made rolling stock. The strategy will ensure Victorian-built trains and trams expand the network's The project’s business case was released in 2018 and planning passenger capacity, and replace the ageing fleet. approvals received in 2019.435 Early works began in 2020, with major construction to begin in 2021 and aiming to support the The strategy has been underpinned by significant investments NEL to open to traffic in 2027.436 The business case estimates in several budgets, including $1.5 billion to purchase 100 next the project cost to be approximately $16 billion, with the 2019 20 generation trams in the 2020-21 Budget. Previous investments Budget allocating $15.8 billion.437 include $84.9 million for high capacity trains427 and $218.1 million for 10 E-Class trams,428 in 2017-18; $104 million for five new Assessment : substantially complete X’Trapolis Trains,429 in 2018-19; and $2.1 billion Sunbury Line Upgrade to support high capacity metro trains, and $145 million Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation for 10 E-Class trams, in 2019-20.430 is being met.
Assessment : in progress
While Infrastructure Victoria notes the progress made to date, On-demand transport services we still recommend improvements to rolling stock to improve (2.1.3, 6.2.1, 12.2.6, PTA) rail corridor services and capacity. This is reflected in draft recommendation 64 of the draft strategy, ‘Increase suburban Redeploy local community transport and taxis (or similar) rail corridor services and capacity’. to provide on-demand services in regional and rural areas, including for people who experience mobility challenges, within 0-10 years. This initiative may require ongoing subsidies North East Link (11.5.6, 13.5.2, NEL) and regulatory changes and should build on the recent trials of such services in Yarrawonga and Warrnambool. The first Construct the North East Link within 10-15 years. As a first steps will be to refine the proposed service changes based step, there needs to be a detailed assessment of alternative on the evaluation of these trials and to identify high-priority alignments. This link would enhance access to major locations for implementation. employment centres, particularly the Latrobe NEC and the Epping, Ringwood and Broadmeadows MACs, through improved orbital road connectivity and improve the capacity of the freight network, particularly from the southeast and Gippsland. 70 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. strategic priorities in this draft strategy. The advice recommends Government will explore its role in better coordination of improving end markets for recycled materials and waste processing transport services across multiple providers (examples: public infrastructure capabilities for priority materials, including organics. transport, community provided services, not for profit and private providers) to improve connections in local In 2020, the Victorian Government also released the Recycling 441 communities. Five Local Transport Forums are currently being Victoria policy, which listed several new targets relating to trialled in regional and metropolitan areas. Existing work and organics recovery. These included halving the volume of organic new funding partly address this recommendation. As this material going to landfill between 2020-2030, with an interim target recommendation is over 0-10 years, future budget of 20% reduction by 2025, as well as ensuring every Victorian consideration is required for full implementation. household has access to organic waste recycling services by 2030.442 The policy also raises new initiatives that aim to support the recovery of organics.443 These include education and behaviour In 2016, the Victorian Government established local transport change programs, the Recycling Victoria Infrastructure Fund to forums with the aim of providing regional communities, encourage investment in organic waste infrastructure, as well organisations and transport operators a greater say in how as the Recycling Markets Acceleration package to build strong transport is planned and delivered in regional Victoria.438 Some markets for products made from recovered organic waste. initiatives or ideas identified by these local transport forums are then funded by the Department of Transport under the Flexible Sustainability Victoria (SV) has also responded to the strategic Local Transport Solutions program. This program provides financial directions and actions444 outlined in the VORS.445 The initiatives support to help seed small-scale initiatives in regional areas committed to by SV include publishing the Resource Recovery that address transport disadvantage, integrate with other local Technology Guide and Guide to Best Practice for Organics transport options and improve transport access. It aims to support Recovery, working with compost and agricultural sectors to develop flexible, tailored transport services or trials in regional Victoria, and voluntary quality assurance schemes to improve end markets and 439 on-demand transport trials are within the program’s scope. research regarding the application of organic waste to land.446
Assessment : in progress Assessment : in progress
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving the Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving the utility and timeliness of transport services in regional areas, and low rates of recovery of organic waste. This is reflected in draft this is reflected in draft recommendation 85, ‘Reform regional recommendations 28, 30, and 31 of the draft strategy; ‘Facilitate transport to meet local needs’. improved recycling infrastructure for priority materials’, ‘Address barriers to recycling and reducing waste’, and ‘Minimise waste and improve residual waste infrastructure planning’. Organic waste (15.1.2, OWM)
Accelerate actions identified in the Victorian organics Outer metropolitan arterial roads resource recovery strategy to increase recovery of organic waste sent to landfill and address the low rates of recovery, (1.3.5, 11.5.5, OMA) such as 3% for food waste in 2011-12, within 0-10 years. Roll out a program of upgrades to the arterial road network, focussing on congested roads in outer metropolitan areas, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. over 5-15 years. The first step is to identify priority locations Government supports the intent of this recommendation and works, which could include widening and duplication of and is committed to the actions in the Victorian Organics existing roads, grade separations, connections to motorways Resource Recovery Strategy, with implementation of medium and provision of bus lanes to improve safety and local access and long-term implementation to be considered as part of for people and goods. future budgets.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. The Victorian Government did not implement the 2016 Government supports the intent of this recommendation, recommendation, choosing not to allocate sufficient budget to and the Roads for Growing Communities Package will enable the implementation of the Victorian Organics Recovery upgrade arterial roads in Melbourne’s west. As this Strategy (VORS). However, it has made several commitments to recommendation is over 5-15 years, implementation of new policy and funding commitments. its full scope will be considered as part of future budgets.
In 2020, Infrastructure Victoria provided advice on waste and resource recovery infrastructure at the request of the Victorian Since 2016, the Victorian Government has made significant Government,440 including 13 recommendations reflected in the investments in upgrading Melbourne’s arterial road network. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 71
However, it is unclear how upgrade locations have been prioritised recommendation is over 15-30 years, full implementation or how these projects will support the creation of additional will be considered as part of future budgets, noting delivery bus lanes. will be staged and may extend beyond the 30-Year period.
In 2018, the Victorian Government committed $2.2 billion for the The Outer Metropolitan Ring Road and E6 corridor is planned to ‘Suburban Roads Upgrade’, a program of 12 upgrades to arterial ultimately accommodate a 100 kilometre long, high-speed road and roads in the outer northern and southeastern suburban areas of rail transport link in Melbourne’s north and west. It is intended to metropolitan Melbourne due for delivery by 2025.447, 448 The upgrade provide the Victorian Government with the option to deliver a program aims to improve safety, reduce travel times, create and freeway with up to four lanes in each direction and four railway improve access to jobs, provide better access to growing suburbs, tracks to enable interstate freight and high-speed passenger trains improve road freight routes and improve cycling and pedestrian between Werribee and Kalkallo.452 In 2010, the Victorian connections.449 In 2019, the Australian Government committed Government applied a Public Acquisition Overlay to define the an additional $1.1 billion to the package,450 and in 2020, committed corridor for a future Outer Metropolitan Ring Road and E6 corridor. funding to upgrade Hall Road and Narre Warren North Road. This established a mechanism for the compulsory acquisition of Roads due to be upgraded under the Suburban Roads Upgrade property when required, and gave VicRoads the right to request 453, 454, 455 include: Bridge Inn Road in Doreen; Childs Road in Mill Park; refusal of development applications. Craigieburn Road in Craigieburn; Epping Road in Epping; In 2017, the Victorian Government set out the reservation for the Fitzsimons Lane in Eltham and Templestowe; Sunbury Road in Outer Metropolitan Ring Road and E6 corridor in its metropolitan Sunbury; Healesville-Koo Wee Rup Road in Pakenham South; planning strategy for Melbourne, Plan Melbourne.456 This plan noted Hallam North Road and Heatherton Road in Endeavour Hills; the proposed Outer Metropolitan Ring Road may help achieve the Lathams Road in Seaford and Carrum Downs; Narre Warren- policy objective of “Support[ing] sufficient gateway capacity with Cranbourne Road in Cranbourne; Pound Road West in efficient landside access”, and that building on the reservation Dandenong South; and Golf Links Road in Langwarrin South, remained a ‘potential’ future project.457 Baxter and Somerville.451 Later that year, Infrastructure Victoria provided advice to the Assessment : in progress Victorian Government on when to invest in container port capacity Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend further upgrades and the best potential location for a second container port. Our to arterial (and freeway) networks, with a focus on congested roads research highlighted the importance of strong transport connections and corridors in outer metropolitan and growth area suburbs. to port operations, and that these connections were a key This is reflected in draft recommendation 70 of the draft strategy, consideration in our identification of Bay West as the preferred ‘Expand and upgrade Melbourne’s outer suburban road network’. location for a second port. While we found this second port would not be required until about 2055, we noted land would need to be preserved in the interim – including for the Outer Metropolitan Outer Metropolitan Ring Road Ring Road and associated rail corridor – to provide the necessary transport connections.458 (11.5.7, 13.5.3, OMR) In 2018, the Victorian Government’s freight plan, Delivering the Construct the Outer Metropolitan Ring Road within 15-30 Goods, identified the need to progress the development of the years. As a first step, there needs to be further consideration Outer Metropolitan Ring corridor within the next 5 to 10 years, of staging and integrated land use planning, including defining and develop it in the longer term (10-plus years).459 It also echoed trigger points for project commencement. Some sections may Infrastructure Victoria’s findings that the Outer Metropolitan Ring be warranted sooner, perhaps as arterial roads initially, while Road would potentially support easy freight access to and from others may be deferred to the latter part of this period or a new port at Bay West in the future.460 In 2020, the Australian beyond, particularly where they pose a risk of encouraging Government contributed $5 million towards corridor preservation. dispersed urban development. The resulting redistribution of Further funding is needed to prepare new business cases and traffic would enhance access to major employment centres complete detailed feasibility studies. in the west and north, including the East Werribee, Sunshine and Latrobe NECs, Melbourne Airport and the Epping and Assessment : in progress Broadmeadows MACs and improve the capacity of the freight network. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the development of the Outer Metropolitan Ring Road within the context of other Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. transport initiatives with which it will interact, and this is reflected in Government supports the intent of this recommendation, draft recommendations 27 and 33 of the draft strategy, ‘Construct and work is already underway in relation to the longer term an outer metropolitan road and rail corridor’ and ‘Publish Victoria’s network development. As the build component of this transport plan.' 72 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Parks Governance (16.2.1, NPP3) land management. Completion of the response to recommendation 16.2.1 would also be required prior Establish governance arrangements between the Department to implementation. of Environment, Land, Water and Planning and Parks Victoria within 0-5 years that ensure clear accountability for outcomes The Victorian Government has committed to engaging with and enable Parks Victoria to act as an asset manager, forward both private and community conservation groups through the planning for maintenance and renewal to address existing or development of Conservation Action Plans (CAPs). These plans emerging challenges, such as responding to increased are developed through workshops with Traditional Owners, partner visitation, weeds and pests, and bushfires. agencies, stakeholders, researchers, and scientists, and aim to identify both priority threats to conservation assets and the Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government management strategies and actions that will improve their condition supports both of these initiatives (with 16.1.1) and they will over the next 15 years. There is an established five-year review be addressed as part of Valuing Victoria’s Parks. process, with progress evaluated against implementation of priority actions, threat mitigation objectives and outcomes identified The Victorian Government decided to address this recommendation for conservation assets.464 With completed CAPs for Wilsons through its Valuing Victoria’s Parks joint initiative. The focus of this Promontory, Wimmera, Grampians, Mallee and River Red Gum, initiative is using environmental accounting to quantify the benefits this process is ongoing with additional plans in development that parks and their ecosystems provide, and its Valuing Victoria’s for other regions. Parks Report aims to form the basis for ongoing work between the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DEWLP) In 2017, the Protecting Victoria’s Environment Biodiversity 2037 and Parks Victoria to improve environmental information and tools strategy recognised the need to engage more with Traditional for decision-making on land management.461 Under the initiative, Owners, including to support their greater involvement in parks park stakeholders across government are to review and clarify management and consider impacts on native title rights and governance arrangements to better equip Victoria to respond to cultural heritage. Protecting Victoria’s Environment Biodiversity also emerging challenges, complementing ongoing work by DELWP recognises the need to provide support more generally to support to improve the accountability, effectiveness and efficiency of stakeholder networks to build understanding of statewide targets, investments in environmental management more generally.462 how to contribute to them, and how to report data.465
Parks Victoria is also in the process of developing a statewide The Managing Country Together framework was developed by Land Management Strategy to guide and inform future planning Parks Victoria in partnership with Traditional Owners in 2019. It and decision-making across Victoria’s parks, including underpins Parks Victoria's work with Traditional Owners and the organisation’s responses to emerging challenges. Following establishes an objective for appropriate Traditional Owner input public consultation, the Land Management Strategy is due to into all aspects of park planning and management.466 be released around the end of 2020.463 Assessment : in progress Assessment : in progress Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date and anticipates recommendation, the remaining elements of which should continue the delivery of the Land Management Strategy will meet the intent to be delivered through the normal business of government. of this recommendation.
Parks pricing/funding/expenditure Parks partnerships (16.2.2, NPP2) (16.1.1, NPP1)
Commercially engage private and community sector Implement a pricing, funding and expenditure regime for conservation groups to enable greater flexibility in the delivery national parks, state forests and other protected areas as well of services in parks, particularly where scientific expertise can as urban parks within 0-5 years, which ensures that funding be used, within 0-5 years, to address acute challenges such as and revenue for land management reflect an evaluation of the the impacts on ecosystems from climate change. This could ecosystem services provided where possible and enables include the establishment of measurable performance targets, assessment of return on investments. The first step would be for example, improved numbers of an endangered species. to better account for all assets and benefits that are provided on a park-by-park basis to inform assessment of cost-effective Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. management actions underpinned by appropriate pricing, Government supports the intent of this recommendation, funding and expenditure, including by reviewing the operation however further stakeholder consultation would need to and scope of the Melbourne Metropolitan Parks Charge. occur especially with Traditional Owners involved in Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 73
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Assessment : substantially complete supports both of these initiatives (with 16.2.1) and they will be addressed as part of Valuing Victoria’s Parks. Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation has been met.
The Victorian Government has taken steps to evaluate and establish funding and revenue arrangements. Through Parks Victoria, it is currently engaged in developing an effective framework to provide Police complexes (8.1.3, PSS) evidence of the economic and social benefits the parks network Deliver a network of police complexes across Melbourne’s provides to Victorians. metropolitan regions and regional cities (without affecting In the Protecting Victoria’s Environment Biodiversity 2037 strategy stations in rural and remote areas) over 5-30 years. Priority released in 2017, the Victorian Government announced its intention should be given to providing new complexes in areas with high to employ a System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) demand for additional police services (such as Wyndham), to assess and document environmental assets. This framework replacing or consolidating stations that are coming to the end will support government policy, planning and investment decisions of their service life, and consolidating facilities in areas where affecting the environment. It will also strengthen the ability of local there are more local stations than necessary to provide government, business, not-for-profit and community stakeholders to efficient and responsive policing services (such as southeast recognise benefits of protecting and investing in the environment.467 Melbourne). These police complexes should be delivered in Protecting Victoria’s Environment Biodiversity 2037 builds on the most instances as integrated facilities for a greater focus on Valuing Victoria’s Parks initiative, which began in 2015 and which crime prevention (see Recommendation 8.1.1) used environmental accounting to recognise, quantify and value the ecosystem benefits provided by Victoria’s parks.468 Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Government is committed to delivering a comprehensive Assessment : in progress approach to tackling crime. Under the Community Safety Statement, significant investment has been committed to Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend an approach to the new and upgraded police stations across the state, with development of parks infrastructure that supports both economic a focus on strengthening frontline and specialist police viability and environmental considerations. This is reflected in capacity. Police complexes as a specific response is draft recommendation 84 of the draft strategy, ‘Boost tourism inconsistent with government policy. infrastructure by allowing more national parks to grant long leases’.
As the Victorian Government only partly supports this recommendation, limited progress has been made. Work is Police communications channels yet to begin to deliver police complexes or consolidate existing (2.2.1, 8.2.1, 12.1.1, MPW) facilities. However, the Victorian Government has committed $200 million to replace or refurbish 32 metropolitan and regional stations, Create new communications channels between the public with upgrades for police residences.470 The Government has also and the police and broader justice workforce by delivering a committed $68 million in funding to replace the Narre Warren non-emergency call centre (using the Police Assistance Line Police Station, and deliver a new Clyde North Police Station by 131 444 available in other states) and supportive technology 2022.471 A new Victoria Police Headquarters has been delivered platforms within 0-5 years. When planning and delivering this at 311 Spencer Street, Melbourne.472 system, consider whether it could support an integrated service model with human services and health. In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government provided over $300 million for Victoria Police to implement a range of system Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government enhancements and reforms to deliver more effective and efficient supports this recommendation as it aligns with existing police operations. priorities. A police assistance line and online reporting channel is expected to be implemented in the next two years. Assessment : in progress
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend responsive policing The Victorian Government has provided $210 million in funding for services and integrated facilities, and this is reflected in draft the creation and operation of the Victoria Police Online Reporting recommendation 23 of the draft strategy, ‘Improve technology Portal and the 24-hour Police Assistance Line. Both services for and infrastructure for a responsive police service’. non-emergency matters were launched simultaneously on 1 July 2019. The contact centre is in Ballarat.469 74 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Port rail shuttle (13.3.1, PPM) Assessment : in progress
Deliver a port rail shuttle, with consideration of the rail access Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this strategy prepared by the new port owner, within 0-5 years. The recommendation, the remaining elements of which should continue first rail access strategy will be delivered by the new Port of to be delivered through the normal business of government. Melbourne operator within three years of the signing of the port lease, as required under the Delivering Victorian Infrastructure (Port of Melbourne Lease Transaction) Act 2016. A port rail Public housing asset management shuttle would connect on-dock rail access at Swanston Docks (7.2.1, SHA, SHS3) with terminals across metropolitan Melbourne. This project will increase the capacity of the port by providing an alternative Continue to invest in and improve public housing asset access route for the movement of freight in and out of the port management over 0-30 years, with a strong response in the and reduce truck visits and congestion around the port area. early part of this period to deal with the existing maintenance backlog and significant volume of obsolete housing stock. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. This will make the asset base more fit-for-purpose and Government supports the intent of this recommendation. sustainable, without reducing the number of social housing Delivery of the port rail shuttle will depend on the Port dwellings across Victoria. The program should involve Access Strategy, which is being produced by the Port refurbishment, divestment of obsolete stock and acquisition of Melbourne operator. or construction of new dwellings based on a transparent, evidence-based prioritisation process. Stock and title transfer The Victorian Government delivered its freight plan, Delivering the to the community housing sector should also be considered Goods, in 2018. The plan sets out priorities to support the freight and attention will need to be paid to existing tenants’ needs and logistics sector, including the near-term need to support port throughout any refurbishment works or tenancy reallocations. rail shuttles and the Port of Melbourne’s efforts to develop on-dock rail terminals for the Swanson Dock stevedores. Delivering the Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Goods also emphasises the importance of continuing to support Government agrees with the intent of this recommendation, the growth of port rail shuttles to enable the efficient movement however, does not support divesting large portions of of containers to and from the Port of Melbourne, including existing public housing dwellings. Homes for Victorians Webb Dock.473 public housing estate renewal program will contribute toward the renewal and increase in the supply of social Under the Port Rail Shuttle initiative, the Victorian and Australian housing dwellings. Governments have committed funding to encourage industry to continue to shift more containerised freight from road to rail and The Victorian Government has taken a number of steps since 2016 connect the Port of Melbourne to major freight hubs (such as to improve public housing asset condition and management. Many Somerton and Altona) using the existing rail network. This includes are reflected in the Homes for Victorians plan, most notably through $28 million to connect Salta's freight terminal in South Dandenong a commitment to invest $341 million to renew and expand ageing to the rail network. This includes $28 million to connect Salta's public housing (Initiative 4.2), including $185 million for the Public 474 freight terminal in South Dandenong to the rail network. Port Rail Housing Renewal Program to redevelop 2,500 properties and Shuttle trains are anticipated to be up to 600 metres long and provide at least 250 new properties, and $140 million to deliver a operate to a regular scheduled service, allowing them to intermix pipeline of 980 new or redeveloped dwellings.477, 478 These projects 475 with passenger and other freight trains on the rail networks. build on the experience of previously successful renewal programs, such as the Olympia Housing Initiative.479 The Victorian Government The Port of Melbourne has emphasised the importance of efficient also decided to transfer 4,000 properties to the community housing and commercially viable rail infrastructure to port operations, sector to provide that sector with greater certainty and a more including freight rail and intermodal terminals, in its own long term reliable funding stream (Initiative 4.4).480 The Victorian Government strategy – the 2050 Port Development Strategy, released in 2020. added $209 million in the 2019-20 Budget to deliver 1,000 This strategy states that investment in rail that maximises port new homes. capacity and which improves landside transport connections is one of three key principles for future development. It also prioritises The COVID-19 pandemic has also prompted extra social housing working with the Victorian Government to improve rail capacity investment. The Victorian Government announced almost $500 and reduce truck traffic on local roads, particularly in the inner million in May 2020 to upgrade community and public housing. 476 west of Melbourne. This included maintenance and upgrades on more than 15,000 public housing properties, renovations including kitchens and bathrooms in 2,100 public housing properties, and funding for Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 75
community housing providers to take similar maintenance and funding per council.486 Provided as a response to COVID-19, the upgrade works.481 funding assists the facilitation of virtual meetings, activities and community engagement.487 In November 2020, the Victorian Government announced the $5.3 billion Victoria's Big Housing Build program, contributing a further In December 2019, the State Library of Victoria was reopened $300 million to public housing growth and maintenance over the following an extensive redevelopment. Improvements included next four years. It also introduces new governance arrangements expanded floor space, a refurbished Queen’s Hall, a designated including the creation of Homes Victoria, a new public corporation area for children’s programming, and a media centre.488 to manage the social and affordable housing portfolio.482 Assessment : in progress Assessment : in progress Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improvements to Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend significant council facilities that provide communities with access to education, investment in the maintenance and renewal of public housing stock, recreation and the internet, particularly in regional areas. This is as well as a more strategic approach to its long-term maintenance, reflected in draft recommendation 87, ‘Fund regional libraries to renewal and disposal. This is reflected in draft recommendations provide better internet access’, as well as draft recommendation 32 and 57 of the draft strategy, ‘Produce public plans for priority 90, ‘Support regional councils to update, repurpose or retire infrastructure sectors’ and ‘Rapidly renew old public housing’. outdated community infrastructure.’
Public libraries (1.4.5, 5.4.3, 9.4.3, LLH) Public space utilisation (1.4.1, 5.2.1, CSU)
Provide additional support to local government for the delivery Activate and open up state government land and facilities for of 21st century municipal libraries (new or upgraded) over wider community use by undertaking an audit to identify 0-30 years. Even a limited increase in state government underutilised assets and reviewing and removing barriers to funding would better recognise the cost of these facilities, their use within 0-5 years. The initial focus should be on which perform a crucial role in supporting lifelong learning, opportunities to utilise the estimated 2,400 hectares of school providing communities with access to digital technology and grounds across metropolitan Melbourne outside school hours, meeting multiple community needs. In some instances, it may provide land for community use in areas where land is in high be appropriate to integrate municipal libraries with schools. demand and increase green infrastructure. The findings of the audit should be published to show where opportunities for Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. better use of government assets exist currently and where they Government supports the intent of this recommendation, and are likely to be in the future. will continue to support local councils to build and maintain public libraries within existing funding commitments. Future Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government budget consideration is required for funding increases over supports this recommendation to ensure state owned public the 30-Year period. spaces are well-managed. Land Use Victoria will undertake an audit of Victorian Government land that will identify The Victorian Government has taken some steps in supporting opportunities for potential community uses, including sport this recommendation, primarily through the Living Libraries and active recreation, over the next five years. grant program and the Rural Councils ICT Infrastructure Support Program. The Victorian Government has made some progress in the implementation of this recommendation, though further work The Victorian Government has committed $18 million of funding remains for it to be full realised. Plan Melbourne 2017-2050 to the Living Libraries Infrastructure Program over the period recommended the identification of surplus and underutilised 483 2016 to 2020. The program assists councils and regional library government land. The 2018 progress report for Plan Melbourne corporations to provide accessible, high-quality library infrastructure noted Land Use Victoria’s (LUV) new Victorian Government Land including redeveloped or refurbished facilities and new or updated Use Policy, to maximise public value from government-owned 484 mobile libraries. Two thirds of the projects have been awarded land.489 Under the policy, LUV use strategic land use assessments 485 to rural or regional public libraries. and the annual report on government landholdings to identify potential improvements in the use of government-owned land.490 Under the Rural Councils Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Infrastructure Support Program, the Victorian The Department of Education and Training’s Community Use of Government committed $3.8 million to assisting rural councils to Schools policy, each school is responsible for arrangements for out improve their information technology. This represents $100,000 of of hours use.491 School councils have power over hire and license 76 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
agreements, when not required for school use. These agreements Disability Discrimination Act 1992501 (DDA) and the Disabilities must be for educational, recreational, sporting, or cultural activities Standards for Accessible Transport 2002502 (DSAPT). Improvements for students, young people or the local community.492 Although have been made in the form of better transport information this policy was updated in 2020, this does not mandate access systems, access ramps, tactile paving, lighting and raised platforms to school grounds. for upgraded tram stops, accessibility upgrades to bus shelters, and accessibility upgrades to urban and regional train stations The Victorian Auditor-General’s Office (VAGO) released an audit of (including car parks).503, 504 However, progress in some areas 493 how the government manages publicly owned land, in 2018. continues to be slow. This found that existing systems and processes do not support a strategic whole-of-government approach to making the best The Victorian State Disability Plan (2017-2020) includes use of surplus government land.494 VAGO also criticises sales commitments to accessibility upgrades across bus and coach targets, which lead to departments and agencies selling assets stops and regional rail stations.505 Additionally, the Accessible Public rather than considering better use.495 VAGO also published a Transport Action Plan (2019-2022) and V/Line Accessibility Action summary of government land holdings. Plan (2013-17) recognise the need to improve accessibility in transport services.506, 507 Infrastructure initiatives within these plans Although the Victorian Government provides information on surplus include; better passenger information displays (PIDs); tactile 496 land being considered for rezoning, land being prepared for surfacing at public stops; accessible features within tram and train 497 498 sale, and land currently for sale, this does not provide a full carriages; universal design improvements to tram and train stops. picture of surplus or underused land to the public. GovMap, an Public Transport Victoria have also established a Public Transport online list of government owned land, has been released across the Action Committee (PTAC)508 to enable a cross-section of members 499 Victorian Government, but is not available to the public. from the disability community to directly advise the Minister for The Victorian Government has not produced plans identifying Public Transport of emerging, current and potential transport likely future governments assets, except broadly in growth area accessibility issues. precinct structure plans.500 20 years since the introduction of low floor trams in Victoria, less Assessment : in progress than 35% have such floors and under a quarter of tram stops met the DDA.509, 510, 511 Replacement with newer and more accessible Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend a strategic and trams is slow, with older trams continuing to operate until the end more interconnected approach to open space in metropolitan of their operating lives.512, 513 Only about 7% of tram services are areas, particularly rapidly growing areas of Melbourne. This considered fully accessible, with both low floor trams and level- is reflected in draft recommendation 37 of the draft strategy, access stops, and progress on upgrading stops has actually slowed ‘Develop an interconnected open space network’. since 2017.514 The 2019-20 Budget allocated $68.5 million for the acquisition of an additional 10 E-Class trams, the largest, safest and most accessible trams on the network, bringing the number Public transport accessibility (6.1.3, PTV) of these trams in the fleet to 100.515, 516 It also included a relatively modest $3.1 million for a Tram Stop Accessibility Strategy.517 Improve the accessibility of public transport within 0-5 years The Victorian Government allocated an extra $1.5 billion to by accelerating the retrofitting of assets, as required by the purchase 100 next generation trams in the 2020-21 Budget. Disability Discrimination Act 1992. The first steps will be to While these initiatives are welcome, there is a long way to go. review the status of the transport network to prioritise low cost and high-benefit upgrades. Any revised action plan should The Regional Network Development Plan, released in 2018, consider prioritising access and integrating transport modes included a commitment to upgrade bus and coach stops, as around key destinations and precincts, for example, the well as regional train stations, to provide greater access to public hospitals in Parkville. transport for the elderly and other groups with access challenges.518 Significant improvements to bus services have occurred through Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government fleet upgrades, with more than 80% of Melbourne’s bus services supports this recommendation to improve the accessibility of now wheelchair accessible on weekdays.519 Regional train stock the public transport network. We will continue to implement is being modernised across the regional V/Line train network improvements, focussing on investments with big, network- with $340 million allocated in 2019-20 for new VLocity trains.520 wide impact and maximising improved disability access. Planning processes have been streamlined to facilitate Infrastructure Victoria has found it difficult to obtain a current, more accessible tram stops. accurate picture of public transport accessibility across the network. While the Victorian Auditor-General’s Office will soon deliver an audit The Victorian Government has taken steps since 2016 to improve on tram services, its last audit of the network was delivered in the accessibility of public transport infrastructure in line with the 2012.521 Disability advocates have suggested a more robust yearly Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 77
reporting mechanism522 to improve transparency and the tracking Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. of progress against the requirements of the DDA and DSAPT. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. The implementation of the Critical Infrastructure Resilience Assessment : in progress Strategy focuses on public transport as one of the key providers of essential services to Victorians. Government and Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend accessibility industry continue to work collaboratively on risk management be improved across public transport modes, and this is reflected to reduce the impact of disruptions. Transport For Victoria is in draft recommendation 44 of the draft strategy, ‘Plan for public developing an Asset Management Plan that will help assets transport accessibility, including tram stop upgrades’. meet service requirements and be resilient to future change. The Asset Management Plan will address priorities, and future budgets will give consideration to ongoing Public transport real-time information implementation over 30 years. (10.4.1, TNI) While the 2019-20 Budget allocated $59.6 million for public Expand the availability of open-source, real-time transport network safety and resilience,525 Infrastructure Victoria public transport information, including passenger is not aware of publicly available information regarding specific loading data, across the metropolitan and regional actions to improve public transport resilience and the Department networks covering all modes within 0-5 years. This of Transport is yet to publicly release a transport Asset Management will enable private developers to create applications Plan. The merging of the Department of Transport with Public that allow people to more confidently use public Transport Victoria and VicRoads in 2019 does, however, present transport and will attract increased patronage. greater opportunities to take a more integrated, efficient and Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. effective approach to managing transport resilience. Government supports the release of real-time information where it is Assessment : not commenced available and meets appropriate standards. All metropolitan information is already released and regional Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend action to improve rail real-time information is now available. Regional bus information the resilience of transport infrastructure. This is reflected in draft is available in some areas and more will be progressively released. recommendation 33 of the draft strategy, 'Publish Victoria’s Under current technologies, it transport plan', as good transport planning considers the resilience is not intended to release passenger loading data. of the network, as well as in draft recommendations 10, 20, and 61; ‘Strategically review climate consequences for infrastructure’, The Victorian Government has funded some improvements to the ‘Transform road network operations for all current and future provision to real-time public transport information. The 2019-20 modes’, and ‘Incorporate lessons of emergency reviews’. Budget committed $3.5 million for a new Tram Automatic Vehicle Monitoring system, to support access to real-time information on tram services.523 The 2019-20 Budget contained $1 million for the expansion of mobile myki.524 Agencies also make real-time travel Recycled materials in construction information and planned disruption information available to apps. (15.1.1, RMU) In October 2020, the Victorian Government launched a new PTV app, with increased functionality, and began a trial to test providing Remove barriers in public sector procurement processes real-time public transport crowding information. that limit use of recycled materials that meet technical specifications in the building and construction market Assessment : in progress within 0-5 years.
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend better use Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government integration with other mobility services, and this is reflected in supports the recommendation and will commence work on draft recommendation 18 of the draft strategy, ‘Facilitate integration this over the next two years. of public transport with new mobility services’.
The Victorian Government has taken steps towards removing barriers in public sector procurement processes which limit the use Public transport resilience (19.1.3, PTN) of recycled materials.
Upgrade critical public transport infrastructure to improve In 2020, Infrastructure Victoria delivered advice on waste and resilience to all hazards, including all weather conditions, resource recovery infrastructure at the request of the Victorian subject to transparent identification of priorities and taking Government.526 This included 13 recommendations which are an asset management planning approach, over 0-30 years. reflected in the strategic priorities in this draft strategy. The advice 78 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
recommends the Victorian Government use multiple approaches to The Victorian Government did not support or make commitments develop end markets for recycled materials, including updating the to a targeted incentive fund, but is pursuing the development of Sustainable Procurement Objectives in the Victorian Government’s integrated water management planning, an approach to water Social Procurement Framework to include more explicit management that takes into consideration the entire water cycle. requirements about the use of recycled content.527,528 The advice This approach includes consideration of ways to reuse water noted a number of barriers to the procurement of recycled and can identify traditional costs that are avoided or deferred materials, including a lack of consumer confidence in materials and if an integrated solution is delivered.532 In 2018-19, the Victorian procurement processes that specific particular products. Government committed $4 million to support 18 integrated water management projects in Melbourne and 50 projects in Although the barriers still exist, several actions and initiatives by regional Victoria.533 the Victorian Government can be seen to have reduced the barriers. For example, Sustainability Victoria is facilitating research and The Victorian Government is also undertaking a review into the development that has resulted in changes to the specification use of recycled water, with the aim of streamlining approvals and standards in areas such as road construction.529 Further, the processes and facilitate an increased uptake.534 The review is Recycled First policy, announced in 2020, aims to boost the use examining existing Environment Protection Authority (EPA) of recycled and reused materials in construction projects.530 guidelines and is expected to cover recycled water schemes, industrial wastewater effluent schemes, recycled water and The policy notes objectives of building new requirements, requiring industrial wastewater effluent schemes and sewer mining prioritisation of recycled and reused materials, into future projects schemes.535 Revised guidance is due for publication in 2020. under the Major Transport Infrastructure Authority. Assessment : in progress The Victorian Government’s Recycling Victoria policy, released in 2020, has also stated that the Government will seek new Infrastructure Victoria recognises the importance of integrated water opportunities to purchase products containing recycled materials cycle management and this is reflected in draft recommendation 12 and use recycled materials to build roads, railways and other public of the draft strategy, ‘Progress integrated water cycle management’. infrastructure.531
Assessment : in progress Regional city local buses (12.2.7, RBU) Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend strengthening Provide new and expanded local bus routes within regional markets for recycled materials, and this is reflected in draft Victorian cities over 0-10 years. This requires the transparent recommendation 29 of the draft strategy, ‘Strengthen end identification and prioritisation of routes, which could include markets for recycled materials’. Ballarat and Wodonga, using the review methodology recently conducted on the Bendigo bus network. It would likely involve the provision of new buses, services and routes. Recycled water (non-potable use) (14.2.1, RTH) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the expansion of bus services across Introduce a targeted incentive fund within 0-10 years to regional Victoria to improve local mobility. Existing work and increase uptake of recycled water delivered through reticulated new funding partly address this recommendation. As this systems (third-pipe schemes) where this can significantly recommendation is over 10 years, full implementation will supplement demand from storages and contribute to delaying be considered as part of future budgets. the need for major water supply augmentation projects. Uptake of readily available recycled water treated to a quality In 2018, the Victorian Government committed $22 million for extra suitable for delivery through third-pipe schemes is limited buses and services across the regional bus network,536 including by infrastructure costs. In liaison with water businesses, service improvements in Bellarine, Lara, Gisborne, Trentham, government investment in strategic projects can reduce Junortoun, Ballan, Ararat/Horsham, and Donnybrook537. In 2019, reliance on storages and build local resilience to it allocated approximately another $50 million for the Ballarat climatic variability. Bus Interchange.538 While these investments are welcome, they have been ad hoc and do not reflect a transparent identification of Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. priority locations requiring improved connections. Government supports the intent of this recommendation and the use of recycled water for non-potable purposes aligns with the objectives of Water for Victoria, however the mechanism of a targeted incentive fund is not supported. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 79
Assessment : in progress Regional highways
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend reform of local (2.1.1, 12.2.5, 13.4.1, RHU) bus services to better meet the needs of regional communities, and Establish a transparent and evidence-based process for this is reflected in draft recommendation 85 of the draft strategy, prioritising, at a state level, regional highway upgrades that ‘Reform regional public transport to meet local needs’. will increase productivity and safety for road users within 0-5 years. This should involve the application of strategic criteria and draw on local knowledge and assessment of region- Regional coaches (2.1.2, 12.2.8, RCU) specific priorities. High-priority projects that will improve the level of service for commercial vehicles and improve safety and Provide new and expanded coach services between regional capacity for all road users could include highway duplications towns and cities over 0-10 years to provide greater opportunity (for example on the Western Highway from Ararat to Stawell), for communities to access jobs and services in their regions. road widenings with centre safety barriers (for example on This requires the transparent identification of priority locations the Goulburn Valley Highway), town bypasses (for example to improve connections with neighbouring centres and rail Shepparton and Traralgon), upgraded river crossings (for stations, which could include St Arnaud, Heathcote and example at Swan Hill), and upgrades to improve traffic flow Orbost. It would likely involve the provision of new coaches, such as overtaking lanes. routes and services.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports evidence-based processes for Government supports the expansion of coach (or similar) prioritisation. This recommendation is partly addressed services between regional towns and cities to support through the current assessment and prioritisation of road demand. The Shepparton/Seymour shuttle will partly address upgrades. A complex set of factors are considered in the this recommendation and implementation over 10 years will identification and prioritisation of projects, including be considered as part of future budgets. opportunities for Commonwealth co-funding.
The Victorian Government has taken some steps to provide new In 2018, Regional Roads Victoria was established as a specialised and expanded bus services in regional areas. In 2017, it committed division of VicRoads to plan and deliver improvements to the $43.5 million to improve transport connectivity between Seymour regional road network. Its creation is a product of The Country and Shepparton, with additional coach services and infrastructure Roads – Your Insights, Our Actions action plan which responded to increase train services. A further $4.4 million was also committed to community engagement completed in the early part of 2017.543 to expand and upgrade bus services in the Bellarine Peninsula, The action plan outlined the need for more transparent reporting Ballarat and Wallan, to improve network coverage and provide on country roads, committing to publish an annual State of the additional options for public transport users in these areas.539 In Road Network Report. However, no such report has been made 2018, the Victorian Government committed $22.2 million for extra publicly available to date.544 regional bus services and infrastructure works, including service improvements in Bellarine, Lara, Gisborne, Trentham, Junortoun, Regional Roads Victoria publishes a map illustrating all regional road Ballan, Ararat/Horsham and Donnybrook.540, 541 Another $10 million projects, but there is no information on their website which clarifies was allocated in 2019, including to connect to trains in Romsey how highway projects are prioritised across Victoria.545 In the and Lancefield, and a new bus service from Alexandra to Eildon.542 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government provided over $500 million to upgrade regional roads and highways, including freight While these investments are welcome, they have been ad hoc routes for farmers and processors in Victoria's south-west dairy and do not reflect a transparent identification of priority locations supply chain. requiring improved connections. Since 2016, the Australian Government has provided funding for Assessment : in progress many high priority freight roads under the Roads of Strategic 546 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving coach Importance Initiative, using defined investment principles. This 547 services and facilities in regional areas within the context of planning includes the Western Highway duplication from Ararat to Stawell, 548 549 that considers the roles of different travel modes. This is reflected Shepparton Bypass, and Swan Hill Bridge. in draft recommendations 33 and 85, ‘Publish Victoria’s transport Assessment : not commenced plan’ and ‘Reform regional public transport to meet local needs’. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improvements to regional roads, reflected in draft recommendation 77 of the draft strategy, ‘Deliver funding certainty for regional road maintenance and upgrades’. 80 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Regional rail eastern corridor to be the preferred location for a second port, and that this would (12.3.3, 13.5.5, RRE1) likely not be required until the Port of Melbourne reaches its capacity of approximately 8 million twenty-foot equivalent units Identify trigger points that would require a major uplift in (TEU) around 2055.553 capacity on the Dandenong rail corridor and develop a This investment in the Gippsland and Cranbourne lines, together long-term plan for the Cranbourne, Pakenham and Gippsland with the identification of Bay West as the preferred location of a lines within 0-5 years. It is likely this extra capacity will be second port, means rail capacity to and beyond Melbourne’s required in the latter part of the 15-30 year period or potentially southeast is likely to be under less pressure than anticipated in beyond 30 years. One solution could involve the construction 2016. There is, however, still a need to improve services the of additional tracks along the corridor to support demand for southeast of metropolitan Melbourne. increased rail services from the southeast of Melbourne and Gippsland. However, this is a particularly high cost solution Assessment : substantially complete and further network planning is required, considering both how to maximise the benefits of such an investment and all Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend increases to available options to better use existing infrastructure first. rail capacity on Melbourne’s suburban rail corridors. This is A number of factors will need to be considered in the future reflected in draft recommendation 64 of the draft strategy, capacity planning for this corridor, such as demand for ‘Increase suburban rail corridor services and capacity.' additional metropolitan and regional passenger services, the potential growth in the freight task from Gippsland and the location and timing of a second port. Regional rail gauge standardisation (13.4.2, RRG) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government supports this initiative and is investing $435 million to Standardise the rail gauge in northeast Victoria within 5-10 upgrade the Gippsland line, to deliver critical enabling works years and continue planning for the remainder of the broad for more frequent and reliable services. Future rail upgrades gauge regional rail network to determine other priority areas and trigger points will be identified through integrated for standardisation. The lines for gauge standardisation in the transport planning. Any future build components will require northeast include the Deniliquin-Echuca-Toolamba line and future budget consideration. the Tocumwal- Shepparton-Mangalore line, which will complete the standardisation of all operational freight-only Under the ‘Regional Rail Revival Program’, the Victorian Government lines in Victoria. The standardisation of the regional freight and Australian Government have committed more than $2 billion for network will increase accessibility of rolling stock from across upgrades to every regional line. Planned infrastructure improvements Australia, open up competition between Victoria’s ports and include upgrades to tracks, stations and signalling in order to run reduce the transportation costs of freight rail. more trains, more often and more reliably.550 Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. The Gippsland Line is being upgraded as part of the Regional Government supports standardisation where there is a strong Rail Revival program, which sits in the regional rail eastern corridor. economic case, but does not support blanket standardisation The scope of work of the upgrade includes building a new rail of the entire regional rail network. Standardisation is already bridge over the Avon River in Stratford, second platforms and underway through the Murray Basin Rail project and other station amenity works at Bunyip, Longwarry, Morwell and Traralgon freight lines. stations, track duplication between Bunyip and Longwarry, extension of Morwell crossing loop, level crossing upgrades, Commencing in 2015, the $440 million Murray Basin rail project signalling upgrades and building a larger train stabling facility is to standardise approximately 1,055 kilometres of the Western at or near Traralgon.551 Victorian Rail Network and increase its strength to permit Train In addition, the Victorian Government is duplicating track from Axle Loading (the maximum weight bearing on the rail track) of 21 Dandenong to Cranbourne to support trains every 10 minutes tonnes. This would allow freight trains to carry up to 500,000 more on the Cranbourne Line, allocating the first High Capacity Metro tonnes of grain each year and to capture approximately 20,000 554 Trains to the Cranbourne and Pakenham Lines, and removing journeys currently undertaken by trucks. The project was based level crossings.552 on a 2012 business case and identified as a major investment in the Victoria Freight Plan 2018-50.555 In 2017, Infrastructure Victoria provided advice to the Victorian Government on when to invest in container port capacity and The first stage of the project was completed in 2016, with the whether a second container port should be located at the existing 518 kilometres of new rail (between Maryborough and Yelta and Port of Hastings, or a new Bay West location. We found Bay West between Murtoa and Hopetoun), the replacement of sleepers, and Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 81
welding works to increase speed limits to 80 kilometres per hour. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government By mid-2019, an additional 493 kilometres of track had been supports improving all forms of regional transport and will substantively completed under stage two of the project.556 However, continue to implement the initiatives identified with regional the Victorian Auditor-General reviewed the project in 2019-20 and communities. Regional rail upgrades are a component of concluded that upgrades performed so far “are not yet improving the broader rail network and will be considered as part freight outcomes in a timely and cost-efficient way” and that “the of integrated transport planning. upgrades performed so far have not yet realised the expected freight-focussed benefits.”557 At the time of Auditor-General’s report The Regional Network Development Plan was released in May in March 2020, V/Line and the Department of Transport had 2016. It outlines a vision to provide increased frequency on the delivered about half of the approved scope (Stages 1 to 4) Geelong, Bendigo, Ballarat, Seymour and Traralgon, including using 86.7% of the originally approved budget.558 20-minute ‘commuter style’ frequency during peak times and increased frequency for the outer regional lines.560 V/Line is responsible for completing any unfinished Stage 2 works, while Rail Projects Victoria is now responsible for delivering any Building on this, the Victorian Government launched the Regional remaining stages of the project, working closely with the Rail Revival program in 2017, jointly funded with the Australian Department of Transport. Government at more than $2 billion.561 The Regional Rail Revival program includes upgrades to every regional line, including the At the time of writing, the revised business case to complete the duplication of the rail line from South Geelong to Waurn Ponds,562 remainder of the project is currently with the Australian Government currently in planning stages, construction of a new Avon River to approve a revised scope and additional funding.559 bridge at Stratford,563 and a modern signalling system on sections 564 The Victorian Department of Transport has published a summary of the line north of Bendigo. Upgrades to the regional rail network of the business case review, but not the full revised business case. include track duplications, second platforms, crossing loops, new 565 The Victorian Government has committed that the Victorian and rail bridges, station enhancements and level crossing upgrades. Australian Governments will jointly agree on the next steps. In its 2020-21 Budget, the Australian Government has increased The Victorian Government has also committed to working with its commitments to Victoria for upgrades to the Shepparton and the Rail Freight Working Group and other key stakeholders as Warrnambool rail lines, and for further upgrades between South the project progresses. Geelong and Waurn Ponds.The Victorian Government allocated $3.8 billion to upgrade and support regional rail services in its Currently, there are no commitments to standardise the 2020-21 Budget. Deniliquin-Echuca-Toolamba line and the Tocumwal- Shepparton-Mangalore line. The Victorian Government has also announced the Western Rail Plan, which received $100 million funding in the 2019-20 budget, Assessment : in progress and $30 million from the Australian Government in its 2020-21 Budget. The Western Rail Plan sets out further investments beyond Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving freight the current program to create a fast, high-capacity rail network efficiency and support for regional exports. This is reflected in draft servicing growing suburbs and regional cities. Planning is still recommendations 78 and 79 of the draft strategy, ‘Revise the needed for the following three major connected projects: Murray Basin Rail project plan’ and ‘Fund an ongoing regional rail freight maintenance program’. \ Two new electrified metro rail lines through to growth areas in Melton and Wyndham Vale.
\ Increased capacity between Sunshine and the CBD to cater Regional rail upgrades (12.2.4, RRC) for faster and more frequent metro and regional trains.
Further develop Victoria’s regional network development plan \ Major investment in the Geelong and Ballarat lines to run trains within 0-5 years to transparently identify and prioritise the faster than 160km/h. This will include exploration of electrification upgrades and enhancements required to remove physical of these lines and new, fast electric regional trains.566 and operational constraints on the existing regional rail network. High-priority projects that will increase the reliability Assessment : substantially complete of passenger services, reduce ongoing maintenance costs, Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend investment in support the delivery of additional services and improve regional rail, focussed on freight, reflected in draft recommendation the viability and productivity of freight could include track 79 of the draft strategy, ‘Fund an ongoing regional rail freight duplications (for example, between Geelong and Waurn maintenance program’. Ponds), replace ageing bridge assets (such as the Avon River bridge at Stratford) and upgrade signalling systems (for example, on sections of the line north of Bendigo). 82 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Regional road maintenance In 2018, the Victorian Government established Regional Roads (2.1.4, 12.2.10, 13.4.4, RRU) Victoria to bring a more coordinated, consistent and integrated approach to the management of the regional road network.573 Provide support for road maintenance and upgrades in regional Assessment : in progress Victoria over 5-30 years, following further scoping of works and monitoring of outcomes of currently committed investment Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend longer-term programs. This program will provide extra support for regional funding certainty for regional roads. This is reflected in draft local governments to maintain and upgrade local roads, as recommendation 77 of the draft strategy, ‘Deliver funding well as increased funding for the maintenance and upgrade certainty for regional road maintenance and upgrades’. of state roads in regional areas. This will enhance access to jobs and services, improve travel times and road safety, and meet the needs of first and last-mile freight in regional areas. Regional rolling stock (12.2.3, RRS) A transparent framework to distribute funds should be developed, which relies on local government knowledge Institute an asset management-based approach to a long- of priorities given its role as asset owners and managers. term program of regional rolling stock procurement within 0-5 The longer term planning should identify and prioritise years, building on the 2015 Victorian rolling stock strategy. the need for regional road investment across the state. This program should implement a cycle for the continuous build of new regional rolling stock, incorporating the next Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. generation regional train, that avoids the stop-start Government supports the intent of this recommendation procurement of recent decades. This will enable the timely and considerable work is already underway in relation to retirement of older rolling stock, meet the demands of road maintenance and upgrades. Potential extra support for increased commuter patronage across the network and regional local governments will need further investigation to support additional long distance services (see understand current funding issues and potential long-term Recommendation 12.2.9). solutions. As this recommendation covers 30 years, future budget consideration will be required to address the full Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government scope. supports this recommendation. Transport For Victoria is developing a forward plan of rolling stock orders and Since 2016, the Victorian Government has made funding improvements to provide greater certainty for industry and commitments to regional roads, including for maintenance and ensure smoother provision of trains to meet Victoria’s needs. upgrades. Major investments include $260 million to repair and upgrade unsafe and deteriorating roads across regional Victoria The Victorian Government committed to a 10-year pipeline of new in 2016-17567, $260.3 million for maintenance and upgrades to locally manufactured trains and trams as part of Victoria's rolling regional roads in 2017-18568, and $433 million for regional road stock strategy, Trains, Trams and Jobs 2015-2025. The strategy restoration in 2018-19, including $100 million for the Fixing Country was released in 2015 outlining 160 new regional carriages will be Roads fund.569 In the 2019 budget, the Victorian Government needed over the next decade to meet forecast growth. Victoria’s allocated $425 million for maintenance works, $121 million for road regional locomotives are typically 30 years old and some of safety works and $52.9 million for smaller scale improvements.570 the carriages are nearly 60 years old, failing to meet customer In 2020-21 Budgets, the Australian Government allocated expectations for comfort and reliability, and requiring significantly substantial extra funds for road safety upgrades and regional road more investment in ongoing maintenance. New trains will cater maintenance and upgrades, and the Victorian Government provided for both growing patronage and to replace vehicles that are at over $300 million for road maintenance. The Victorian Government the end of their life.574 has not, however, yet developed a transparent framework to distribute funds to the local governments that own and manage Since 2016, the Victorian Government has allocated significant local roads, nor has it set out a longer-term plan additional funding to upgrade tram and train rolling stock for statewide regional road investment. procurement, including nearly $300 million to redesign VLocity carriages and build 39 new carriages for long-haul services.575 In 2017, the Victorian Auditor-General’s Office (VAGO) found In 2019-20, an additional $340 million was provided to replace VicRoads lacked an outcomes-focussed strategy for investment in ageing fleet on the busiest regional lines.576 regional roads.571 Submissions to a 2018 parliamentary enquiry into VicRoads management of regional roads echoed VAGO’s findings, Assessment : substantially complete highlighting the poor quality of roads in regional areas, the lack of Whilst the Victorian Government has made significant investments, funding for VicRoads and councils to adequately maintain regional Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improved planning roads, and the need for better community and stakeholder and asset management of enabling infrastructure, reflected in draft consultation.572 VicRoads is still to implement a long-term asset recommendation 33 of the draft strategy, ‘Publish Victoria’s management strategy. transport plan’. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 83
Relocatable community infrastructure Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. (1.4.3, 5.4.1, 19.2.3, RCI) Government supports the intent of this recommendation as part of its consideration of various waterway management Increase the provision of temporary or interim community practices. As this recommendation is over 10-30 years, infrastructure, such as relocatable buildings, over 0-10 years, implementation will be considered as part of future budgets. to respond to rapidly changing community needs. Temporary infrastructure is of particular use in areas of high population The Victorian Government has made commitments to expand growth where permanent infrastructure cannot be provided in fencing of riparian areas, primarily through its Regional Riparian a timely way and after emergencies, such as bushfires, where Action Plan. The Regional Riparian Action Plan has been existing infrastructure is destroyed. incorporated into the broader Water for Victoria Strategy, a $222 million commitment by the Victorian Government Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. which aims to improve the health of Victorian waterways Government partly supports this recommendation and has and catchments.580 several funding programs, which can support increased funding. As this recommendation is over 0-10 years, future The Victorian Government has made commitments of $30 million budget consideration is required for ongoing funding. from 2016-17 to 2019-20 towards additional riparian works, and has indicated ongoing investment in riparian programs as a future direction.581 It is also investing $1 million into partnerships between Since 2016, the Victorian Government has launched two grants catchment management authorities and recreational anglers to programs to assist local governments in the provision of temporary deliver riparian improvement works in areas of local priority for relocatable facilities. recreational fishing.582 The Growing Suburbs Fund supports grants to accelerate the provision of critical local community infrastructure for fast-growing Assessment : in progress outer suburbs and peri-urban communities.577 It targets high priority Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this projects which help meet the needs of rapidly growing communities; recommendation, the remaining elements of which should continue create local employment; improve local economic conditions; to be delivered through the normal business of government. improve capacity for councils to respond to changing community needs and demands; and deliver innovative models of integrated or shared infrastructure.578 Road asset management The Building Block Grants program uses a range of grant categories (10.6.1, 11.3.1, 12.2.1, RMF) to improve access to, and the quality of, early childhood learning. It seeks to expand access to kindergarten by funding initiatives which: Implement a performance based asset management integrate services by collocating professional services such as framework for state roads within 0-5 years that sets a priority education, care, and health in new community hubs; deliver new order of users to determine the required condition of these early learning facilities, including kindergarten programs for three roads, including identifying roads that are surplus to needs. and four year-olds; expand the capacity of existing facilities; and This work should be supported by a review of responsibility which deploy high-quality modular kindergarten buildings to new for roads between the state and local governments to ensure locations where there is urgent demand for kindergarten facilities.579 these responsibilities are consistent with the purpose of the road. This would include removing anomalies where state Assessment : substantially complete government is responsible for roads with a local transport function and where local government is responsible for roads Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this that provide an arterial road function. This would enable the recommendation, the remaining elements of which development of well-targeted increases in road maintenance should continue to be delivered through the normal and greater transparency around proposed changes in business of government. road classifications.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Riparian fencing (17.1.2, RFI) Government supports the intent of this recommendation, and work is already underway to categorise maintenance Expand fencing of riparian areas in priority waterways over regimes that meet service levels through Whole-of-Life-Asset 10-30 years to minimise damage resulting from livestock Management Planning. Further budget consideration will be access to these areas, while monitoring development of required to address the full scope of this recommendation. approved and innovative alternatives, such as fenceless VicRoads also undertakes regular reviews of the arterial road farming, and removing regulatory barriers preventing network, consistent with the Road Management Act. uptake of these technologies. 84 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Although the Victorian Government has made no public centres. Road space allocation decisions should factor in both commitment to implement a performance-based asset the projected transport network benefits and local urban management framework for state roads, there has been outcomes. Longer-term planning should consider how the considerable investment in road works. allocation of road space may need to be adapted in light of new vehicle technologies, particularly driverless vehicles. In Melbourne, the Western Roads Upgrade (WRU), which is taking place under the Suburban Road Upgrade program, will transform Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. the arterial road network in the city’s western suburbs. The WRU Government supports the intent of this recommendation and is a public-private partnership agreement overseen by Major the progressive roll-out of on-road prioritisation for public Road Projects Victoria which includes capital works, and road transport at key sites. Road space allocation improvements maintenance for 260 kilometres of arterial roads over the coming are being progressively introduced at key locations. Full 583, 584 20 years. These works have been supported with significant implementation over 0-15 years will be considered as part investment. Building on an original allocation of $82.9 million in of integrated transport planning and future budgets. 2017 for suburban road maintenance and resurfacing,585 the Victorian Government budgeted an additional $116 million to Since the 2016 strategy was published, the Department of repair roads and improve road safety in 2018586 and $229 million Transport developed and published a Movement and Place for improved road maintenance across Melbourne in 2019.587 Framework. This framework outlines plans for the road and 592 In 2018, the Victorian Government established Regional Roads transport network, and identifies network priorities. This is a Victoria (RRV) within VicRoads to manage more than 19,000 first step to reallocating road space, but the framework stops kilometres of highways and main roads in regional areas. In short of reallocating road space, identifying locations for potential 2018-19, RRV oversaw investment of $333 million in road road space reallocation initiatives and does not include a timetable maintenance and $608 million for other upgrades and repairs, for these activities to be undertaken. including the rebuilding and resurfacing of more than 1,500 The 2017-18 Budget allocated $35.8 million to optimising transport kilometres of road. Another $425 million was allocated for regional network performance and productivity. This includes installing tram roads through RRV in 2019-20.588, 589 RRV also oversees the $100 and bus priority infrastructure along high patronage routes such million Fixing Country Roads Program, which provides grants to as High Street, Kew; Smith Street, Fitzroy; and Pascoe Vale Road, rural and regional councils to undertake local roads projects.590 Broadmeadows.593 In these cases, tram track renewals and stop In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government allocated $450 upgrades can result in road space reallocations taking place. million towards road maintenance. This is on top of the additional However, these have not followed a strategic, network-wide $124 million for road maintenance as part of its Building Works approach. The North East Link project will see a dedicated package, announced in May 2020 which aims to support the busway built between Doncaster and Melbourne’s CBD, 594 economic recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.591 with park-and-ride facilities at Doncaster and Bulleen.
Assessment : in progress A policy commitment or budget allocation is required for the recommendation to be fully accepted and implemented. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend a more strategic approach to the funding of road management and maintenance Assessment : not commenced statewide. This is reflected in draft recommendations 33, 70, Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improving road and 77 of the draft strategy: ‘Publish Victoria’s transport plan’; space allocation and prioritisation, and this is reflected in draft ‘Expand and upgrade Melbourne’s outer suburban road network’; recommendation 41 of the draft strategy, ‘Reallocate road space and ‘Deliver funding certainty for regional road maintenance to priority transport modes’. and upgrades’.
School investment pipeline (9.3.1, SIF) Road space allocation (10.6.3, 11.3.5, RSA) Publish, on an annual basis, 5-year investment priorities Accelerate the roll-out of changes to road space allocation, for new and upgraded government schools, alongside the whether physical changes or alterations to road signals, to planning data that shows demonstrated need, within 0-5 years. improve throughput of people, particularly in areas of high This transparency will communicate to communities how congestion, over 0-15 years. Key locations for prioritising priorities are made, provide greater certainty and lead times higher capacity public transport and active transport modes to enable co-investment to occur and reduce the need for include the Hoddle Street/Punt Road bus corridor, SmartBus community advocacy. corridors, tram routes in the northern suburbs, untreated sections of the CBD and access routes to major employment Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 85
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government School Maintenance (9.3.2, SRM1) supports publishing demand and condition information annually to provide transparency about how investment Pilot a new regional maintenance model for schools within priorities are made for new and existing schools. This will be 0-5 years. This should demonstrate whether or not economies supported by a new process for the ongoing evaluation of of scale could be derived at a regional level and tighter control the condition of school facilities, which will have implications over costs maintained. for school infrastructure programs in the future. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government The Victorian Government has made several commitments to supports piloting a new regional maintenance model for publicising five-year investment priorities for government schools. schools. The new maintenance model pilot program The Victorian Infrastructure Plan includes an ongoing commitment underway will ensure this recommendation is implemented update to “complet[ing] a school investment pipeline on in the first five years. government's five-year investment program in new and upgraded facilities to allow for planning certainty”.595 In 2017, VAGO released its Managing School Infrastructure audit,601 which remains the most recent inquiry into the management and In 2017, the Victorian Auditor General’s Office (VAGO) conducted an maintenance of Victoria’s school assets. The audit noted DET was audit into the management and maintenance of school assets, piloting a model that involves outsourcing maintenance planning Managing School Infrastructure.596 In alignment with Infrastructure and delivery functions to a supplier at a regional or subregional Victoria’s recommendation, VAGO noted the Department of level.602 This pilot involved 50 schools having their assets managed Education and Training (DET) does have a ‘new school pipeline’ – by an external supplier over a period of five years, and aimed specifically, a “refined five-year pipeline of priorities”.597 In 2020, to test the costs and benefits of an outsourced model for asset the Victorian Parliament announced a follow-up inquiry to the maintenance. The Australian Education Union’s Victorian branch VAGO audit that would include consideration of DET’s progress noted its support for Infrastructure Victoria’s recommendation and in publishing annual demand and condition information.598 DET’s pilot program in its submission to a parliamentary enquiry into the VAGO report.603 In 2016, the Victorian School Building Authority (VSBA) was established to oversee the design and construction of new and Assessment : substantially complete upgraded schools and kindergartens.599 The VSBA developed and maintains a website that, for the first time, shares with the Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this community, schools and kindergartens information on capital recommendation, noting continued improvements should continue upgrades in the planning and construction stages in their local to be delivered through the normal business of government. areas. This information assisted the community to understand when new and upgraded schools and kindergartens would be delivered. Providing certainty about the pipeline of the planned new and School Network Planning (9.1.1, SOO) upgraded schools may also help reduce ad hoc decision-making and help to prioritise funding allocation to areas of most need. Improve demand management for schools and better use existing schools before new adjacent schools are approved While this progress is welcome, there remains room for for funding within 0-5 years. This would require a review improvement. In particular, early engagement between the Victorian of existing network planning mechanisms with a view to Government and local councils on infrastructure pipeline could improving perceptions and/or addressing the causal factors deliver better community outcomes on school sites. Local of why some schools are considered less desirable. This governments face ongoing challenges in co-investing in school sites would also consider mechanisms for a network of schools because the master planning for sites commences only when land to work together to lift the performance of the entire network. has been acquired or funding allocated,600 and local government These mechanisms could include taking a hub and spoke budget and planning cycles are not aligned with the Victorian approach where high-performing schools assist lower- Government’s. performing schools, as well as sharing school facilities, resources and teachers. Assessment : substantially complete
Infrastructure Victoria notes the recommendation is being met. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government supports effective management of school demand to provide Victoria’s students with the facilities they need, and will continue to review enrolment placement policy to address any underlying issues regarding school utilisation. 86 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
The Victorian Government committed in the Victorian Infrastructure Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Plan to improving demand management for schools through more supports the transformation of schools into community effective school network planning in both metropolitan and regional facilities and is already implementing a number of programs, Victoria.604 It has since taken a number of practical steps to improve such as the Shared Facilities Fund and Joint Use school network planning. Agreements.
The Victorian Government has funded several independent projects, In 2017, the Victorian Government committed $10 million to the often run as pilot programs with a small group of schools to improve construction of early childhood facilities on school sites.610,611 In school performance and therefore improve community perception 2019, it significantly expanded the scope of its planned investment of schools. In 2017, the Professional Learning Communities in early childhood, announcing it would fund access to two years of program was expanded across Victoria,605 using high-impact kindergarten programs for all Victorian children before starting teaching practices to improve student outcomes. The same year, school, at a cost of almost $5 billion over the coming decade. Every $50.7 million was allocated for ‘Turnaround Teams’ – consisting of new primary school set to open from 2021 will have a kindergarten an executive principal and two leading teachers – to be deployed in on-site or next door, with four new schools to be delivered with or underperforming schools to help lift results.606 This should help to next to new kindergartens in 2020 and another nine in 2021.612 address perceptions that some schools are not as good as others, Many existing public schools will also have kindergartens built on which can lead to assets at preferred schools coming under site.613 The new kindergartens will be funded under the Victorian pressure while other schools’ facilities are underutilised. Government’s Building Blocks program, which funds early 614 In 2019, the Victorian Government, through DET, revised its childhood infrastructure, with grants also supporting facility 615 Education Department rules and reviewed school zoning upgrades, refurbishments and expansions. boundaries to better balance the growth of large, popular schools These steps are welcome but there is scope to improve. Under the with that of smaller and less popular ones. The new ‘Find my Shared Facilities Fund, schools can access joint use agreement school’607 website more transparently assists families to find their templates via an online web portal but cannot use these without school zone and explains DET policy about how and why the ministerial approval.616 Similarly, Infrastructure Victoria cannot find a placement policy occurs. The same year, DET published a fact public record of any actions by the Victorian Government to provide sheet that outlines its policy for allocation of relocatable buildings local government and co-investors a greater role in management and their role in addressing demand for school facilities.608 In of shared assets on school grounds. allocating relocatable buildings, the department noted it would consider projected enrolments and enrolment management, Assessment : in progress including the percentage of enrolments from the local designated neighbourhood zone and the effect on, and capacity at, Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend flexible, integrated surrounding schools.609 and shared use of public facilities where appropriate to provide greatest benefit for local communities, particularly in regional areas. Assessment : substantially complete This is reflected in draft recommendation 89, ‘Deliver multipurpose shared social service facilities in the regions’. Draft recommendation Infrastructure Victoria notes the intent of the recommendation 88, 'Use rural schools for children's specialist and allied telehealth has been met. services', proposes leveraging existing school technology infrastructure and facilities to encourage the uptake of telehealth in regional areas. Schools as community facilities (1.4.7, 2.3.3, 5.3.1, 9.3.3. SCF) Small scale solar (18.2.3, SSE) Transform state schools into community facilities over 5-30 years. This could involve integrating kindergartens, long day Update guidance on the installation of solar PV on buildings care and other family services, providing spaces for community within 0-5 years to ensure that installations are made in a education, and sharing arts facilities, sports facilities and technically appropriate and effective manner with increasing libraries, depending on the needs of the local community. uptake of this technology. The focus would be on designing all new schools as community facilities and progressively transitioning existing Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. schools during major scheduled upgrades. As a first step, Government partly supports this recommendation and funding, governance and planning arrangements for these is committed to supporting solar installations at both facilities would need to be reformed. This would include an commercial and community scales. increased role for local government and other co-investors in schools as partners in the management of these shared assets. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 87
In April 2019, the Clean Energy Council updated their guidelines on network coverage. In 2019, it allocated an additional $7.9 million rooftop solar installation. These set the requirements for Clean over the forward estimates to improve bus services and access Energy Council accredited installers. As part of its Solar Homes to these services through a new ‘Better Buses Fund’. Initiatives initiative, the Victorian Government requires installation by installers identified under the new fund included the creation of new bus accredited by the Clean Energy Council. This effectively implements services linking Mernda and Craigieburn Station, and Donnybrook up-to-date guidance that must be followed for installations receiving to Craigieburn.624 These initiatives were not, however, accompanied support under the Solar Homes program. by a transparent identification of priority locations or how new connections would link to the trunk network. In addition, firms participating in the Solar Homes program are required to sign up to the Clean Energy Council’s Solar Retailer The Victorian Government is yet to commit to funding expansion Code of Conduct.617 Requiring solar retailers to commit to service of the SmartBus network or undertaking a transparent assessment and consumer protection aligns with the existing requirement for to determine priorities or how this network could complement solar installers to be accredited by the Clean Energy Council.618 heavy rail.
The Victorian Government is currently considering expanding the Assessment : not commenced activities under the Victorian Energy Upgrades program to include solar photovoltaic systems larger than 100 kilowatts and solar Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the expansion and optimisation upgrades likely to appeal to commercial and industrial reform of bus services to provide increased frequency and faster customers.619,620,621 travel times, as well as better access to major employment centres. This is reflected in draft recommendations 62 and 63 of the draft Assessment : substantially complete strategy, ‘Reshape the metropolitan bus network’ and ‘Connect suburban jobs through premium buses and road upgrades’. Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this recommendation, the remaining elements of which should continue to be delivered through the normal business of government. Stormwater harvesting (14.2.2, 17.2.1, SRH)
More comprehensively and consistently invest in stormwater SmartBus network (1.3.3, 11.5.3, SNE) harvesting projects at greenfield sites over 5-30 years to maximise the use of this readily available water resource in a Expand the SmartBus network and provide service manner that reduces pressure on water storages and delays enhancements over 0-15 years to support cross-town travel, the need for major water supply augmentation projects. The subject to transparent assessment to determine priorities. first step to achieving this is to formally incorporate stormwater This should include consideration of how the SmartBus as a water resource in statutory instruments and water network could complement or form part of the mass transit resource planning frameworks. In addition to boosting water networks for major employment centres (see Recommendation supply, this measure provides environmental benefits as 11.5.4) to provide a trunk access network supported by harvesting slows the rate at which storm water drains into local bus networks. Key areas of priority are in the western waterways, thereby minimising erosion and pollutant loading suburbs and around the inner city. while also assisting to mitigate flood impacts.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. As this recommendation is over 0-15 years, implementation Implementation is subject to future budget processes or will be considered as part of future budgets. other investment sources, particularly as future capital works may not involve state funding. Since 2016, the focus of Victorian Government action on bus planning has been improving the performance of existing routes The Victorian Government has made progress on this operators. In 2017, the Victorian Government announced it would recommendation by formally incorporating stormwater renegotiate new contracts with the 12 metropolitan bus operators into land use planning statutory instruments. which together operated 70% of the city’s bus network. The new contracts aimed to provide better services and expand services.622 As part of Water for Victoria, the Victorian Government appointed In 2018, the Victorian Government announced that it would not be the Improving Stormwater Management Advisory Committee extending the existing contract of major bus operator, Transdev, to assess current policy surrounding stormwater management past January 2021 due to poor performance.623 strategies and outcomes. The aim of the committee was to advise which types of developments should be required to manage their In 2017, the Victorian Government allocated funding for a number stormwater impacts and how this could be achieved.625 The of route extensions, upgrades and new services to improve bus committee recommended the introduction of Integrated Water 88 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Management (IWM) and stormwater management provisions The Environment Protection Authority is developing new urban into the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPPs).626 stormwater management guidelines to replace the Best Practice Environmental Management guidelines. This will support better This has resulted in the development of Amendment VC154 to stormwater design, planning and development to improve introduce stormwater management principles into the VPPs. The stormwater quality and minimise risks.633 amendment extends stormwater management requirements to all commercial and industrial subdivisions and developments, public Melbourne Water has also incorporated stormwater harvesting into developments and residential multi-dwelling apartments.627 The its strategy with its focus on Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD). Victorian Government has also inserted a new integrated water The aim of this approach is to employ urban planning and design to management clause in the Planning Policy Framework.628 reuse stormwater, stopping it from reaching Victoria’s waterways by mimicking the natural water cycle as closely as possible.634 Assessment : in progress Assessment : substantially complete Infrastructure Victoria recognises the importance of further enabling stormwater investments and this is reflected in draft Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this recommendation, recommendation 12 of the draft strategy, ‘Progress integrated the remaining elements of which should continue to be delivered water cycle management’. through the normal business of government.
Stormwater quality (17.1.1, SRQ) Tertiary education/VET in schools (9.4.1, STE) Integrate good practice stormwater quality management measures in regulatory and policy frameworks within the Investigate and work to resolve any regulatory or workforce next 0-5 years to consistently address stormwater quality barriers that prevent tertiary education courses being offered management under all types of development and better enable on school sites, particularly in rural and regional areas where integrated water cycle management in metropolitan and access to vocational training is a significant issue, within regional urban areas. 0-5 years.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Government supports this recommendation in part, but supports the increased opportunity for Victorians to access to implement over the next five years and to be consistent tertiary education and vocational education and training with Water for Victoria, its scope has been changed to courses, particularly in rural and regional areas. We already focus on stormwater management rather than quality. have work underway in developing Trade Training Centres and the implementation of Tech Schools onto TAFE sites. The Victorian Government has made progress on this recommendation by formally incorporating stormwater into Since 2016, the Victorian Government has established ten land use planning statutory instruments and reviewing guidelines. ‘Tech Schools’ in Ballarat, Banyule Nillumbik, Bendigo, Casey, Geelong, Gippsland, Monash, Whittlesea, Wyndham and the As part of Water for Victoria, the Victorian Government appointed Yarra Ranges. These aim to provide innovative, problem-based the Improving Stormwater Management Advisory Committee to education programs that give students practical experience with assess current policy surrounding stormwater management access to the latest technology and equipment.635 Tech Schools strategies and outcomes. The aim of the committee was to advise are built on land belonging to Technical and Further Education which types of developments should be required to manage their (TAFE) institutions or university campuses to introduce school stormwater impacts and how this could be achieved.629 The students to tertiary education, demonstrating a sharing of TAFE committee recommended the introduction of Integrated Water assets with nearby schools to offer subjects that would be Management (IWM) and stormwater management provisions into otherwise unavailable at school.636 the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPPs).630 While these infrastructure initiatives are welcome, the Victorian This has resulted in the development of Amendment VC154 to Government will need to continue to progress reforms to ensure introduce stormwater management principles into the VPPs. The adult learners have access to tertiary education and TAFE training amendment extends stormwater management requirements to all close to where they live, particularly in regional areas. commercial and industrial subdivisions and developments, public developments and residential multi-dwelling apartments.631 The Victorian Government has also inserted a new integrated water management clause in the Planning Policy Framework.632 Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 89
Assessment : in progress Traffic management systems
Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend flexible, integrated (10.6.2, 13.2.1, ATM) and shared use of public infrastructure where appropriate, including Upgrade and expand advanced traffic management systems schools, to provide benefits for local communities – particularly to manage flows on metropolitan motorways, employing tools in regional areas. Continued progress in addressing regulatory such as lane use management, access ramp signalling, CCTV and workforce barriers to the delivery of tertiary education courses and variable message signs, over 0-10 years. This will improve on school sites should be delivered through the normal business the efficiency and reliability of the motorway network and of government. could potentially apply to some key arterial routes, such as the Hoddle Street/Punt Road corridor, with benefits to freight reliability and traffic flows. Torquay transport links (12.3.2, TRE) Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Complete planning and investigation work within 0-5 years to supports the roll-out of advanced traffic management reserve a public transport corridor linking Torquay to Geelong. systems on selected key routes. VicRoads Managed In the short to medium term, the growth in transport demand Motorways program is successfully operating on key routes, in this area can be met with regional bus upgrades (see including the M1. Deployment of these systems is continuing Recommendation 12.2.7). As the population and transport across the road network. demand continues to grow, this corridor is likely to require a higher-capacity bus or rail link within 15-30 years. This link would The Victorian Government has committed to the delivery of an provide a viable alternative to private vehicles for local trips and advanced traffic management system to improve the capacity of commuting to the central city from these high growth areas. Melbourne’s freeways. This system will be rolled out to key sections of the road network through the Optimising Transport Network Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government Performance and Productivity initiative.642 supports this recommendation with funding announced under the Regional Rail Revival for the corridor reservation. In 2019, the Victorian Government allocated $4.6 million in funding Detailed planning to support Torquay to Geelong movements for development of an Intelligent Transport System.643 It also is underway including for the spur line, noted in the Regional completed a project to streamline traffic along Hoddle Street, Rail Revival. which included: upgrades to major intersections; additional clearways on Swan Street; extending clearway times on Swan Under the Regional Rail Revival program, jointly funded by the Street between Punt Road and Botherambo Street to 24 hours Victorian and Australian Governments, $160 million has been a day, seven days a week; and improvements to walking access allocated to upgrade the Geelong Line. This investment is to deliver at Brunton Avenue.644 upgrades to Waurn Ponds Station, an additional track at Waurn Ponds Station, planning and development for track duplication In June 2020, the Victorian Government announced a further $340 between South Geelong and Waurn Ponds, and planning for the million for upgrades and modernised road operations. This package Armstrong Creek transit corridor to Torquay.637,638 Currently, will increase the numbers of response crews and traffic engineers, construction on the Waurn Ponds Station upgrade is underway improve data collection, and review and adjust the timing of a (due to be completed in late 2021) and planning and development number of traffic lights to optimise traffic flow.645 work is being done to support the rain duplication between Assessment : in progress South Geelong and Waurn Ponds.639 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend road network In 2017, the Victorian Government announced $110 million for work operations improvements, reflected in draft recommendation towards track duplication at Waurn Ponds and to reserve land for a 20 of the draft strategy, ‘Transform road network operations new spur line to Torquay.640 The feasibility and timing of the spur line for all current and future modes.’ is yet to be established, but the Department of Transport has stated that any initial public transport link to Torquay will be via a high quality rapid bus service.641
Assessment : substantially complete
Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this recommendation, the remaining elements of which should continue to be delivered through the normal business of government. 90 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Train timetabling (10.4.2, PTT) The merging of the Department of Transport with Public Transport Victoria and VicRoads in 2019 does, however, present greater Implement the required timetable changes on the metropolitan opportunities to take a more integrated, efficient and effective train network to deliver the peak period service uplifts enabled approach to planning for disruptions and other contingencies. by the completion of the Regional Rail Link within 0-5 years. This should be done as soon as possible as it will significantly Assessment : in progress increase capacity on overcrowded lines in the west of Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend action to improve Melbourne, particularly the Werribee line. planning for, and the transport network’s ability to respond to, disruptions. This is reflected in draft recommendations 20 and Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government 33 of the draft strategy, ‘Transform road network operations for all supports this recommendation to deliver service uplifts, current and future modes’ and 'Publish Victoria’s transport plan'. particularly lines in the west of Melbourne. Schedule changes will continue to be progressively introduced to increase the number of services. Service increases and corresponding changes to timetables will be sequenced to build on and Transport control centres take advantage of new infrastructure as it is introduced (19.2.4, ITC, CRR2) on the network. Establish fully integrated transport control centres to enable better management of the system across transport modes The 2017-18 Budget committed to delivery of eight additional train over 15-30 years. This should occur progressively as and services, for the shoulder peak, on the Werribee line.646 These when existing separate control centres become due for major were to be made available by capacity upgrades following the renewal. Integration with relevant operational management diversion of regional trains to the Regional Rail Link. Further centres in other sectors should also be considered. additional services are about to be introduced on the Geelong, Ballarat, Cranbourne, Pakenham, Frankston, Werribee, Upfield, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Craigieburn and Sunbury lines. Government supports the intent of this recommendation, but Assessment : in progress notes that it requires consideration of the benefits and risks of consolidated or aggregated control centres. Transport For Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend train timetabling Victoria is improving system-wide operational coordination improvements, and this is reflected in draft recommendations 64 and integration of transport management. Any potential and 69 of the draft strategy, ‘Increase suburban rail corridor services capital works associated with this recommendation will and capacity' and ‘Expand rail access in outer suburbs’. be considered as part of future budgets.
In 2019, a new Department of Transport was formed, incorporating Transport contingency planning VicRoads and Public Transport Victoria to create a properly (19.2.2, CRR1) integrated transport department. This is in step with other global cities. An integrated transport department provides a significant Develop a multi-modal transport contingency plan, building opportunity to make better use of existing road and rail on existing modal plans, within 0-5 years to maintain access infrastructure and to respond much quicker to innovation on key transport corridors in the event of disruption. and new transport technologies.649
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government This integration also creates an opportunity to integrate transport supports this initiative. Transport For Victoria is developing a operations for all modes. To date there has been no public Network Impact Management Plan to better manage network commitment by the Victorian Government to physically integrate disruptions during infrastructure builds such as Metro Tunnel. transport control centres. Infrastructure Victoria has recently The Network Impact Management Plan will start to address become aware that there are other ways to integrate transport this recommendation, and will be expanded to cover other operations other than physically co-locating transport control major disruptions. centres. Transport operations could be integrated through streamlining processes and aligning operating systems.
Since 2016, the Victorian Government has centralised disruption Assessment : not commenced information on its Big Build website.647 The Big Build website provides information on disruptions across the public transport Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend better management and road networks to maintain access, with a map and calendar of the transport system, reflected in draft recommendation 20 of highlighting the timing and location of disruptions on the network.648 the draft strategy, ‘Transform road network operations for all current and future modes’. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 91
Transport interchanges Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. (6.1.2, 10.4.3, 11.3.2, MII) Government supports this recommendation. Transport For Victoria is preparing a 10-year model development plan. Develop a transparent prioritisation process within 0-5 This will consider the capabilities necessary to understand years for upgrading transport interchanges beyond current network performance and the relative costs and benefits. commitments. This framework should focus on identifying Ongoing review and development of strategic transport upgrades that facilitate faster and easier passenger transfers, models will ensure that they provide accurate assistance including for people with mobility challenges, and support a in future planning. multi-modal network. Priority interchanges for upgrade are expected to include those that serve the Monash, Dandenong Since 2016, Infrastructure Victoria has developed new modelling and Latrobe National Employment Clusters (NECs) and the Box capabilities to provide the Victorian Government with more Hill and Broadmeadows Metropolitan Activity Centres (MACs), sophisticated and integrated tools for strategic transport planning. but consideration should also be given to high volume or We have used these tools to inform both this draft strategy and our end-of-line stations in regional areas. ongoing transport research program, and continue to work with government departments and agencies, universities and other Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government stakeholders to promote continued improvement. supports this recommendation. This initiative is consistent with Plan Melbourne, and aligns with the anticipated future The Melbourne Activity Based Model (MABM), developed in increased role of transport interchanges in a ‘metro-style’ collaboration with KPMG, tests the impacts of transport policy rail system. Identification of key interchanges, functionality and infrastructure proposals on the behaviour of transport system and scope of potential improvements will be developed users. As it differs from traditional models by testing the response of within 0-5 years. individuals to change, MABM is particularly suited to understanding: the needs and preferences of transport users; how different user cohorts may respond to policy or infrastructure changes; Since 2016, the Victorian Government has made several the fairness and equity impacts of new transport policies or commitments to improve transport interchanges, including under investments; and behavioural responses to complex changes the auspices of larger projects such as Level Crossing Removal to transport likely to occur in the future – for example, due to Projects and Regional Rail Revival. In 2017, it allocated $8.7 million new technologies such as automated vehicles.652,653 to improve Melbourne’s busiest train stations – namely Richmond, Flinders Street and Southern Cross Stations – to better manage The Victorian Land Use and Transport Integration (VLUTI) model, passenger movement and improve amenity.650 In 2018, it funded: developed by Infrastructure Victoria in partnership with Victoria Stage Two of the Flinders Street Station Upgrade Project; train University and ARUP, is an improved tool for examining the land use station accessibility improvements at Essendon and Watergardens effects of infrastructure investments or policy interventions. VLUTI is stations; the development of business cases for upgrades at useful in providing insights into how infrastructure investments might Broadmeadows, Pakenham, Seaford and Kananook; additional change land use in the future – for example, how it might shift the station access points; and improved cycling facilities.651 location of populations or employment growth. It also allows for more accurate estimates of the land use benefits of transport Assessment : in progress infrastructure investments. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improvements to Infrastructure Victoria used both MABM and VLUTI to inform this transport infrastructure that supports DDA compliant design to draft strategy, applying the models to a range of scenarios in multiple modes of travel, including to activity centres and in regional order to consider alternative futures and their effects on transport Victoria. In an overarching sense, this is reflected in the draft demand. Modelling 12 different future scenarios allowed us to strategy in draft recommendations 33, 44 and 85, ‘Publish Victoria’s examine the effects of differing population growth, population transport plan’, ‘Plan for public transport accessibility, including distribution, transport infrastructure investment, and land use. tram stop upgrades’, and ‘Reform regional public transport to The full details of our modelling for the draft strategy are available meet local needs’. on our website as a supplementary report.
We have also used scenario testing and innovative modelling to Transport modelling inform several detailed research projects on transport challenges (10.2.1, 11.2.1, 13.1.1, ABM) and opportunities for the Victorian Government. In 2018, and at the request of the Victorian Government, we conducted extensive Improve transport modelling tools within 0-5 years to better scenario testing to inform our Advice on Zero Emissions and assist long-term strategic transport planning, particularly to Automated Vehicles. The seven scenarios we used deliberately support the operation of driverless vehicles and the impact of tested extremes to better illustrate the impact of different variables, transport network pricing on freight and people movements. rather than forecast the future per se (which is most likely to reflect 92 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
a combination of the scenarios).654 More recently, we applied MABM NSW Review of Federal Financial Relations, including trialling a to three illustrative scenarios to see how Victoria’s future transport congestion cordon around the Sydney CBD and a pilot scheme for network would work with and without transport network pricing, electric vehicles.662 setting out our findings in our report, Good Move: Fixing Transport Congestion.655 We also used MABM to model the impact of public In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian Government announced the transport fare reforms on the transport network and public transport introduction of a distance-based charge for zero and low emissions users, with our findings set out in Fair Move: Better Public Transport vehicles to commence in July 2021. It subsequently announced a Fares for Melbourne.656 three-month reduction in metropolitan transport fares during off-peak times. The introduction of distance-based road charges Assessment : in progress and, if made permanent, off-peak metropolitan public transport fares, are both significant moves. In combination, they are important Infrastructure Victoria will continue to work with government first steps in implementing transport network pricing. agencies and other stakeholders to integrate and improve innovative transport modelling tools that assist long-term Assessment : in progress strategic transport planning. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend transport network pricing to improve the efficiency of the transport network and equity Transport network pricing for users. This is reflected in a suite of draft recommendations in the draft strategy section 2.3, ‘Steer changes in travel behaviour’. (10.2.2, 11.2.2, 13.1.2, TNP)
Introduce a transport network pricing regime within 5-15 years that will reduce congestion and crowding and enable faster Universal design (6.1.1, CIM) travel times for high-value trips, considering all modes and Embed universal design principles across state government with a focus on addressing equity concerns. This reform will within 0-5 years to increase the proportion of state infrastructure fundamentally change the way the transport network is used that is accessible to people of all abilities. If they have not and will play an important role in preparing for the arrival already done so, departments and agencies should use of driverless vehicles and improving freight productivity. these principles to prepare clear universal design guidelines appropriate to their function that can apply to all new and Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Not supported. The upgraded infrastructure. Victorian Government will not introduce new tolls to existing roads. However, options for demand management will be Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government considered as part of long-term integrated transport planning. supports the recommendation and will implement over the next five years. Building on our work to develop Victoria’s 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy, Infrastructure Victoria has undertaken extensive research, Universal design is the design of buildings, products or modelling, and public consultation (including the use of community environments to make them accessible to most people, regardless panels) to improve the Victorian Government’s understanding of of age, disability, background or any other factor.663 Since 2016, transport network pricing and the opportunities and challenges the Victorian Government has embedded universal design principles likely to be associated with its implementation. In early 2020, we into three of its departments; the Department of Education and released the detail of this work in Good Move: Fixing Transport Training, through the Inclusive Schools Fund;664 the Department Congestion, which found comprehensive transport network pricing of Health and Human Services, through initiatives in Sport and reform could result in a more efficient and fair system for all Recreation Victoria,665 the Victorian Health and Human Services Victorians.657 We also released complementary research into the Building Authority666 and the Office of Disability;667 and the impact of public transport fare reforms in Fair Move: Better Public Department of Transport through the Accessible Public Transport Transport Fares for Melbourne.658 Plan.668 Notably, departments have largely prioritised the application Fresh calls from local government and peak bodies readdressing of universal design in new construction rather than retrofits. road pricing are also contributing to a stronger coalition of support In the State Disability Plan,669 released in 2017, the Victorian for transport network pricing – far greater than when Infrastructure Government committed to promoting accessible communities Victoria first introduced the concept in 2016. Recent releases and housing for people with disability and mobility challenges.670 include the City of Melbourne’s Transport Strategy 2030659 Examples of accessibility-driven design in departmental building two reports on road pricing from the Grattan Institute660 and guidelines have included: the ‘Changing Places’ program, which Road User Charging for Electric Vehicles661 by Infrastructure delivered accessible toilets in major public spaces,671 and the Partnerships Australia. In August 2020, the New South Wales ‘Inclusive Kindergarten Facilities Program’, which funded small Treasury recommended road pricing reform in its final report of the Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 93
accessibility upgrades to early learning facilities.672 The Victorian planning for the electrification of rail to Wallan or brought forward Government has also made significant investments in public the Somerton Link to support V/Line and Craigieburn services. infrastructure that required the accessible designs, including upgrades to schools and TAFE facilities, and redevelopments of Assessment : not commenced theatres and libraries. These included $40 million in the 2019-20 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend rail upgrades to Budget for the ‘Inclusive Schools’ program673 and other school improve services in and to Melbourne’s outer north, as well as other upgrades worth over $200 million since 2017.674 rapidly-growing areas in the west and southeast. This is reflected Accountability for progress in implementing improved accessibility in draft recommendations 64, 65 and 69 of the draft strategy; can be hard to establish. The Victorian Building Authority does not ‘Increase suburban rail corridor services and capacity’, ‘Reconfigure regulate buildings on accessibility standards. Similarly, while Victoria the City Loop for cross-city train services’, and ‘Expand rail access references the Australian Disability (Access to Premises – Buildings) in outer suburbs’. Standards 2010 in its legislation, the first review of the standards in 2016 found the Victorian Government had not conducted audits of its buildings to confirm compliance since the standards were Waste management sites (15.2.2, FWL) released in 2010.675 Minimise barriers to long-term investment and community Assessment : in progress engagement in future waste management infrastructure requirements by ensuring that decision-making processes and Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend public planning provisions for future waste management and landfill buildings – including existing ones – be made accessible to those sites are clear, transparent and easy for agencies, industry and with disabilities or mobility challenges. This is reflected in draft the community to understand within 0-5 years. The first steps recommendation 56 of the draft strategy, ‘Require accessible to achieving this would be to establish a mechanism for buildings for public services’. planning authorities to consider the requirement for new waste management and processing facilities.
Wallan rail electrification Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. Government (1.3.8, 10.8.5, WRE1) supports this recommendation and priority actions have been identified as part of Victoria’s Regional Waste and Resource Extend the electrified rail network to Wallan, including Recovery Implementation Plans. additional stations in growth areas, within the early part of 15-30 years to support the northern growth corridor and The Victorian Government has made several commitments to improve services on the Seymour line. Part of the scope of minimising barriers to long-term investment in waste management this recommendation, the reinstatement of the Somerton infrastructure. Link between the Craigieburn and Upfield lines, could be accelerated to support additional regional and Craigieburn In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Statewide Waste services in the short term. This electrification is critical to and Resource Recovery Infrastructure Plan678 (now known as meeting the significant projected patronage growth on this the Victorian Recycling Infrastructure Plan (VRIP)),679 following line for access to the central city and requires the support of the publication of the Regional Waste and Resource Recovery the City Loop reconfiguration (see Recommendation 10.10.1) Implementation Plans in 2017.680 The VRIP aims to provide Victoria to provide capacity for the additional services. with a roadmap to guide planning and investment in waste and resource recovery infrastructure over the next 30 years. Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Government supports the intent of this recommendation. In 2020, Infrastructure Victoria delivered advice on waste and As implementation is over 15-30 years, investment will need resource recovery infrastructure at the request of the Victorian to be considered as part of future budgets. Government. This included 13 recommendations which are reflected in the strategic priorities in this draft strategy.681 The advice recommends strengthening VRIP’s processes and status in order to The Victorian Government has implemented some improvements better facilitate the delivery of the required resource recovery to the North East Line as part of its Regional Rail Revival program, infrastructure and the achievement of the Government’s objectives. announced in 2019. The program aims to improve regional tracks, Our advice included detailed capacity and capability analysis of stations and signalling in order to support more reliable and frequent existing resource recovery infrastructure and recommended new or train services, and the Victorian and Australian Governments upgraded infrastructure based on current and projected generation have jointly invested more than $2 billion to date. Among other rates for recyclable materials. Government agencies are now using improvements, Wallan and Donnybrook stations have been Infrastructure Victoria’s work to update the VRIP, conduct more upgraded, and design work undertaken for standard gauge VLocity targeted infrastructure facilitation (including through grants and trains.676,677 The Victorian Government has not, however, begun 94 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
collective procurement of waste processing services) and improve regulation and pricing principles for household waste services. A long-term land use planning for these sites. revised waste governance model is expected to be announced in 2021. In 2020, the Victorian Government also released the Recycling Victoria policy,682 which identified and funded actions to improve Assessment : substantially complete infrastructure planning in the waste and resource recovery sector. Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend waste pricing as Assessment : in progress having a role within broader efforts to reduce waste and improve recycling. This is reflected in draft recommendations 30 and 31 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend improvements to of the draft strategy, ‘Address barriers to recycling and reducing waste management infrastructure to support the transition to a waste’ and ‘Minimise waste and improve residual waste more circular economy. This is reflected in draft recommendations infrastructure planning’. 28 and 31 of the draft strategy, ‘Facilitate improved recycling infrastructure for priority materials’ and ‘Minimise waste and improve residual waste infrastructure planning’. Water governance (14.1.1, WI02)
Clarify roles, responsibilities and governance structures in the Waste pricing (15.1.3, HWD) water sector within 0-5 years to enable efficient long-term planning and investment in the interest of customers. This Review waste disposal charges to landfill and investigate means more transparency in the decision-making authority different pricing mechanisms within 0-5 years. It is anticipated of water businesses and agencies, and providing appropriate that the system will need to be reformed within 15-30 years regulatory oversight on aspects ranging from public health to better reflect the true cost of waste disposal to landfill. impacts to monitoring and pricing. In addition to increased Investigation should include research and community efficiency in planning and investment, governance reform engagement on the roles of different pricing mechanisms, will enable innovative solutions to source and use water, including household waste disposal fees. accounting for all types of water use in a consistent manner, including water for firefighting and water for recreational use, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. and optimal use of existing infrastructure. Government supports measures to reduce waste generation. While there are no current plans to change waste pricing, Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Partly supported. further research on waste management systems will occur Government partly supports this recommendation, with over the longer term. implementation of Water for Victoria to focus on priority areas. These include integrated water management to In 2020, the Victorian Government released the Recycling Victoria promote initiatives like water recycling and stormwater policy, which included an aim to progressively increase the landfill harvesting, emergency management and entitlement levy to bring it in line with other states. Beginning implementation in frameworks, and compliance regimes. 2021,683 the landfill levy will be increased for metropolitan household and business waste to $125.90 per tonne over three years, with The Victorian Government has made commitments to 684 proportional increases reflected at regional landfills. undertake a range of initiatives to enhance transparency and integrated planning. This pricing mechanism will have significance for the future of waste-to-energy. The Department of Environmental, Land, Water In 2017, the Victorian Government released the Integrated Water and Planning has recognised that for waste-to-energy facilities to Management (IWM) Framework,688 which established Integrated be competitive, the landfill levy needs to be set to an appropriate Water Management Forums across Victoria. These forums facilitate 685 level, and this issue was also considered in Infrastructure collaboration between all parties with an interest in water cycle Victoria’s 2020 advice on waste and resource recovery management, including identifying and prioritising projects at a 686 infrastructure. The advice recognised that increases to defined geographical scale, and coordinating and overseeing the landfill levy could make alternatives to landfill more cost delivery of those projects.689 competitive, including energy recovery through waste-to-energy. Given energy recovery is preferable to disposal, setting the right The Victorian Government, along with the Municipal Association of price is consistent with existing Victorian Government policy Victoria, Melbourne Water and 38 local councils, is also reviewing and can help transition toward a circular economy.687 stormwater institutional arrangements to clarify stormwater and flood risk management roles and responsibilities.690 The review is A major review of waste governance is also underway. This includes expected to be completed in 2021. work by the Essential Services Commission to examine service Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 95
The Victorian Government is also reviewing the use of recycled Assessment : in progress water, with the aim of streamlining approvals processes to facilitate an increased uptake.691 The review is examining existing Infrastructure Victoria notes progress to date on this Environment Protection Authority (EPA) guidelines and is expected recommendation, the remaining elements of which should continue to cover recycled water schemes, industrial wastewater effluent to be delivered through the normal business of government. schemes, recycled water and industrial wastewater effluent schemes and sewer mining schemes.692 Revised guidance is due for publication in 2020. Webb Dock rail access (13.3.4, WDF)
The Victorian Government also examined options to increase Prepare a port rail access policy for Webb Dock within 0-5 transparency in water markets to improve confidence in their years, with a view to delivery within 10-30 years. This will fairness and efficiency.693 It has committed to publishing information enable the preparation of a timely response to the first rail on large water market participants, and to additional monitoring.694 access strategy, which will be delivered by the new Port of Melbourne operator within three years of the signing of the port Assessment : in progress lease, as required under the Delivering Victorian Infrastructure (Port of Melbourne Lease Transaction) Act 2016 and assist in Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend roles, responsibilities assessing potential corridor reservation for Webb Dock freight and governance structures within the water sector be clarified, rail access. This project will increase the capacity of the port and this is reflected in draft recommendations 12 and 13 of the by providing an alternative access route for the movement of draft strategy, ‘Progress integrated water cycle management’ freight in and out of the port and reduce truck visits and and ‘Improve decision-making for urban water investment’. congestion around the port area.
Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. Water trading (14.1.2, WME) Government supports the intent of this recommendation. The Assessment of the Port Access Strategy, being Introduce more sophisticated water trading that better produced by the Port of Melbourne operator, will determine represents existing and emerging water uses across the state, how government is best placed to respond and assist. as well as the emergence of new water products, over 0-10 Rail access to Webb Dock will be volume driven. years. This will assist, particularly during dry periods, in allowing distribution of water across competing demands through the use of price signals. Further research on the policy In 2017, we provided advice to the Victorian Government on when and technological settings required to maximise the potential to invest in container port capacity and whether a second container of the water market will be needed. port should be located at the existing Port of Hastings, or a new Bay West location. We advised that a second major container port Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. will not be required until the Port of Melbourne reaches its capacity Government supports the intent of this recommendation. As of approximately 8 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU), which 699 this recommendation is over 0-10 years, implementation will is likely to be around 2055. While some investment in transport be considered as part of future budgets. upgrades around the Port of Melbourne will be required before then, our new analysis found that this should stop short of a dedicated road and rail Freight Link through Fishermans Bend The Victorian Government made several commitments in Water to Webb Dock.700 for Victoria to improve water trading rules and develop markets. The 2017 Victorian Water Market Effectiveness Report was the The Port of Melbourne has identified an option for a rail-only first statewide market effectiveness review of the current vitality connection using the current Lorimer Street easement to connect 695 and competitiveness of Victorian water markets. The report found Webb Dock with the current rail assets that service Swanson Dock. that markets are effective overall, but there is a need to ensure This is a different, more limited rail access option to the large-scale, they continue to develop to match the level of demand and road and rail Freight Link option through Fishermans Bend.701 sophistication in the market.696 The report also recommended the review process be repeated every 3-5 years, with the In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Victorian next review slated to be undertaken in 2022. Freight Plan, Delivering the Goods.702 The plan identifies the need to protect Webb Dock and the existing and new transport corridor The Victorian Government has also committed to improving connections to the port in the short term, with the need to develop existing water trading frameworks through enhancing compliance, new road and rail (or electrified driverless road) access to Webb 697 communication and monitoring. It provided $28 million to monitor Dock in 5-10 years.703 The Port of Melbourne's 2050 Port the water entitlement framework to improve certainty of rights and Development Strategy advocates the rail link be built by 2030. It 698 increase the reliability of entitlements and access to water. also identifies a need for port rail shuttles that would enable the 96 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
efficient movement of containers, including at Webb Dock.704 potentially replace the existing terminal at Dynon. Both precincts The Australian Government has provided funding to prepare a will be planned and developed in consultation with industry with business case for solutions that improve capacity at the Port of a focus on maximising opportunities for private sector investment Melbourne. Further funding and intervention will be needed to and job creation.708 deliver much needed capacity improvements at the port. Assessment : in progress Assessment : in progress Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend the development Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend optimising port of the Western Interstate Freight Terminal, reflected in draft capacity, reflected in draft recommendation 24 of the draft strategy, recommendation 26 of the draft strategy, ‘Purchase land for ‘Optimise capacity at the Port of Melbourne’. Melbourne’s future freight terminals’.
Western Interstate Freight Terminal Wollert transport links (13.3.3, WIF) (1.3.9, 10.8.6, WRE2)
Identify trigger points for the construction of the Western Complete a feasibility study within 0-5 years for creating a high Interstate Freight Terminal and undertake detailed planning capacity transport link (rail or bus) connecting growth areas for the terminal within 0-5 years. Within this timeframe it is around Wollert to the rail network and on to central Melbourne. recommended that the location is finalised and land reserved This link is likely to be required within 15-30 years and would as the new facility may be required within 5-15 years. Factors provide a viable alternative to private vehicles for local trips affecting the timing of the operation of the new terminal include and commuting to the central city from this high growth area the capacity of the current Dynon interstate terminal, potential in Melbourne’s north. for urban renewal projects in the Dynon precinct, the proposed delivery of the Inland Rail project (see Recommendation Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported. 13.5.1), further port expansion and road congestion around the Government supports this recommendation and will port entrance. This project has the potential to relocate the commence a feasibility study within five years. terminal closer to customers in the west of Melbourne and reduce the volume of truck movements in inner Melbourne. The Victorian Government committed to undertaking a feasibility study into extending a rail link to growth areas around Wollert within Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017: Supported in principle. five years in the Victorian Infrastructure Plan. Infrastructure Victoria Government supports the intent of this recommendation to cannot confirm from public documentation whether this has been be considered as part of ongoing work on the state’s freight completed. The Australian Labor Party made funding such a study strategy that will determine triggers and further planning part of its 2019 election platform,709 and stakeholders continue requirements. Further budget consideration is required in to call for its delivery as a matter of priority.710 future years to address the full scope of this recommendation. Although the Victorian Government outlined it would commence a feasibility study for Wollert transport links within five years, this In 2018, the Victorian Government released the Victorian Freight does not meet the intention of our recommendation to complete Plan, Delivering the Goods.705 The plan identifies the need to reserve the study within five years. As of August 2020, it has not announced land for the Western Interstate Freight Terminal (WIFT) at Truganina any further plans for Wollert transport links. and connecting transport corridors in 1-5 years. It also flags Assessment : not commenced an intention to deliver the WIFT in 5-10 years, subject to the assessment of a business case.706 Infrastructure Victoria continues to recommend increases to rail capacity to support services to Melbourne’s outer north, as well The Australian and Victorian Governments are currently developing as other rapidly growing areas in the west and southeast. This is a joint business case for precinct development that will help ensure reflected in draft recommendations 64 and 69 of the draft strategy, the WIFT and other freight precincts support the Inland Rail Project ‘Increase suburban rail corridor services and capacity’ and from the commencement of rail freight services.707 The joint ‘Expand rail access in outer suburbs’. commitment to Inland Rail, and the fact that the project is planned for delivery by 2025, underlines the urgent need to finalise detailed planning for the WIFT.
The WIFT, along with the Beveridge Interstate Freight Terminal and connecting transport infrastructure, could supplement and Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 97
Review of 2016 recommendations endnotes
1 Infrastructure Victoria, Options Book: A 12 Department of Treasury and Finance, 27 Homes Victoria, Victoria's Big Housing 39 Department of Environment, Land, Water supporting document for Victoria’s Victorian Budget 2017-18: State Capital Build, November 2020, https://www.vic. and Planning, Victoria Planning 30-Year infrastructure strategy, Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 55, gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-11/hv_ Permissions, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, www. www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ more_homes_for_more_Victorians_0.pdf https://planning-schemes.delwp.vic.gov. infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ files/2018-02/state-budget-state-capital- au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/481723/ uploads/2019/04/Options-book-FINAL- program-bp4-2017-18.pdf 28 Department of Health and Human VPPs_All_Clauses.pdf December-2016.pdf Services, Homes for Victorians, 13 Department of Treasury and Finance, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p.24, www.vic. 40 N. Gurran, C. Gilbert, K Gibb, R. Van 2 Minister for Public Transport, ‘Next Victorian Budget 2018-19: State Capital gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ den Nouwelant, A James, P. Phibbs, Generation High Capacity Trains Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 62, Homes-for-Victorians.pdf ‘Supporting affordable housing supply: Released to Market’ [media release], 29 www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ inclusionary planning in new and June 2015, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ files/2018-05/2018-19%20State%20 29 Department of Health and Human renewing communities’, AHURI Final next-generation-high-capacity-trains- Budget%20-%20State%20Capital%20 Services, Homes for Victorians, Report No. 297, Australian Housing and released-market (accessed 10 Program.pdf Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p.24, www.vic. Urban Research Institute, Melbourne, September 2020) gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ VIC, 2018, p. 50, www.ahuri.edu.au/ 14 Department of Treasury and Finance, Homes-for-Victorians.pdf research/final-reports/297 3 Transport for Victoria, ‘High Capacity Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service Metro Trains Project’ [website], https:// Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, 30 Parliament of Victoria (Legislative Council, 41 Department of Environment, Land, Water transport.vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/ pp. 63, 65, 78, 80, https:// Legal and Social Issues Committee), and Planning, 'Planning mechanisms our-projects/high-capacity-metro-trains s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Inquiry into the Public Housing Renewal for affordable housing' [website] (accessed 10 September 2020) budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 9, www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and- au/2020-21+State+Budget+- www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/ strategy/affordable-housing (accessed 4 Department of Treasury and Finance, +Service+Delivery.pdf stories/committees/SCLSI/Public_ 27 November 2020) Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service Housing_Renewal_Program/ Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 40, 15 Department of Treasury and Finance, LSIC_58-11_PHRP_Text_WEB.pdf 42 Department of Health and Human www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Victorian Budget 2018-19 State Capital Services, Homes for Victorians, 2017, files/2018-02/state-budget-service- Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 62, 31 Minister for Planning, 'New taskforce to pp. 4, 23, https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/ delivery-bp3-2017-18.pdf www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ bolster building and development default/files/2019-08/Homes-for- files/2018-05/2018-19%20State%20 approval' [media release], 24 April 2020, Victorians.pdf 5 Department of Transport, Victorian Budget%20-%20State%20Capital%20 www.premier.vic.gov.au/new-taskforce- Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, Program.pdf bolster-building-and-development- 43 Department of Health and Human VIC, 2018, pp. 25-28, https://transport. industry (accessed 11 September 2020) Services, Homes for Victorians, vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ 16 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 32, www.vic. walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects 32 Department of Environment, Land, gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ strategy-2018-28.pdf Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 57 Water and Planning, 'New planning Homes-for-Victorians.pdf rules to support Victoria's Big Housing 6 Level Crossing Removal Project and 17 Department of Treasury and Finance, Build' [website], www.planning.vic.gov. 44 Acting Minister for Housing, 'New Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital au/policy-and-strategy/streamlining- rental program puts nearly 700 homes ‘Connecting cycling communities across Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 61 approvals-of-social-and-affordable- on market' [media release], 23 January Melbourne’ [website], https:// housing (accessed 23 November 2020) 2019, https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/ levelcrossings.vic.gov.au/legacies-and- 18 Department of Premier and Cabinet, new-rental-program-puts-nearly-700- benefits/urban-renewal/connecting- Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects 33 Department of Health and Human homes-market (accessed 14 cycling-communities-across-melbourne# Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 57; Services, ‘Homes for Victorians’ September 2020) (accessed 10 September 2020) Department of Treasury and Finance, [website], 4 September 2018, www. Melbourne, VIC, Victorian Budget housing.vic.gov.au/homes-victorians 45 Department of Health and Human 7 Bicycle Network, ‘Parkiteer locations’ 2019-20 State Capital Program, 2019, (accessed 24 August 2020) Services, Homes for Victorians, 2017, p. [website], www.bicyclenetwork.com.au/ p. 61 33, https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ our-services/parkiteer/locations 34 Homes Victoria, Victoria's Big Housing files/2019-08/Homes-for-Victorians.pdf (accessed 9 September 2020) 19 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Build, November 2020, p. 12, https:// Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 46 Homes Victoria, Victoria's Big Housing 8 Premier of Victoria, ‘Joan Kirner Women’s Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 57 files/2020-11/hv_more_homes_for_ Build, November 2020, https://www.vic. And Children’s Celebrates First Birthday’ more_Victorians_0.pdf gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-11/hv_ [media release], 15 May 2020, www. 20 Department of Premier and Cabinet, more_homes_for_more_Victorians_0.pdf premier.vic.gov.au/joan-kirner-womens- Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects 35 Department of Health and Human and-childrens-celebrates-first-birthday Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 57 Services, ‘Homes for Victorians’ 47 Homes Victoria, Victoria's Big Housing [website], 4 September 2018, www. Build, November 2020, pp. 12-13, 9 Western Health, ‘Western Health 21 Department of Premier and Cabinet, housing.vic.gov.au/homes-victorians https://www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ welcomes funding of Women’s and Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects (accessed 24 August 2020) files/2020-11/hv_more_homes_for_ Children’s Hospital and additional critical Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 57 more_Victorians_0.pdf care beds’ [media release], 5 May 2015, 36 Department of Health and Human 22 Department of Premier and Cabinet, www.westernhealth.org.au/AboutUs/ Services, Homes for Victorians, 48 Department of Health and Human Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects News/Pages/Western-Health-welcomes- Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 4, 23, www. Services, 'Public Housing Renewal Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 57 funding-of-Women%E2%80%99s-and- vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ Program' [website] https://www.dhhs.vic. Homes-for-Victorians.pdf gov.au/public-housing-renewal-program Children%E2%80%99s-Hospital-and- 23 Department of Treasury and Finance, additional-critical-care-beds-.aspx (accessed 17 September 2020) Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital 37 Department of Health and Human (accessed 16 September 2020) Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 65 Services, Homes for Victorians, 49 Department of Treasury and Finance, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 23, www.vic. Victorian Budget 2019-20 Service 10 Monash Heart Hospital, ‘Australia’s First 24 Department of Premier and Cabinet, gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2019, Heart Hospital’ [website], 2020, www. Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects Homes-for-Victorians.pdf p. 67, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. monashheart.org.au/index.php/about-us/ Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 57 victorian-heart-hospital (accessed 2 amazonaws.com/budgetfiles 38 Hornsby and Co., Affordable Housing September 2020) 25 Department of Treasury and Finance, 201920.budget.vic.gov.au/2019- Agreements: Advice for local government Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital 20+State+Budget+-+Service+ and community housing organisations 11 Premier of Victoria, ‘Footscray Hospital Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 65 Delivery.pdf Another Step Closer’ [media release], 17 [report for the Community Housing October 2019, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ 26 Minister for Health, ‘New beds open Industry Association Victoria and 50 Advisory Committee Report, Managing footscray-hospital-another-step-closer/ across Victoria in pandemic capacity Municipal Association of Victoria], Residential Development Advisory (accessed 11 September 2020) boost’ [media release], 16 April 2020, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, https://chiavic. Committee – Residential Zone Review, www.premier.vic.gov.au/new-beds-open- com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ Melbourne, VIC, 2016, pp. 109-110, across-victoria-pandemic-capacity-boost Affordable-Housing-Agreements_ www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ (accessed 11 September 2020) DIGITAL.pdf pdf_file/0008/32120/Managing- Residential-Development-AC-Report.pdf 98 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
51 Department of Environment, Land, Water 62 Growth Areas Authority, Growth Corridor 74 Department of Environment, Land, Water 85 Department of Jobs, Precincts and and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Plans: Managing Melbourne’s Growth, and Planning, ‘Marine and Coastal Act Regions, ‘Enhanced Broadband, Digital Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 123, www. Melbourne, VIC, 2012, pp. 56-75, 2018’ [website], March 2020, www. connectivity in regional Victoria’ [website], planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ https://vpa-web.s3.amazonaws.com/ marineandcoasts.vic.gov.au/ 2018, https://djpr.vic.gov.au/ pdf_file/0007/377206/Plan_ wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ marine-and-coastal-act (accessed 11 connecting-victoria/connecting-regional- Melbourne_2017-2050_Strategy_.pdf Growth_Corridor_Plan_Managing_ September 2020) communities-program/enhanced- Melbournes_Growth.pdf broadband (accessed 11 September 52 Department of Environment, Land, 75 Engage Victoria, ‘Draft Marine and 2020) Water and Planning, Plan Melbourne 63 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Coastal Policy’ [website], 2020, https:// Implementation Actions: Plan Melbourne ‘Cranbourne Line extension’ [website], engage.vic.gov.au/draft-marine-and- 86 Horsham Rural City Council, ‘Faster 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 5, 2020, https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ coastal-policy (accessed 11 September broadband a boost for Horsham www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ cranbourne-line-upgrade (accessed 3 2020) businesses [website], 22 November assets/pdf_file/0007/377125/Plan_ September 2020) 2019, www.hrcc.vic.gov.au/Our-Council/ Melbourne_2017_Implementation_ 76 Department of Environment, Land, Water News-and-Media/Faster-broadband-a- Actions.pdf 64 Level Crossing Removal Project, and Planning, Marine and Coastal Policy, boost-for-Horsham-businesses ‘Cranbourne Line upgrade community Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. (accessed 16 September 2020) 53 Department of Environment, Land, Water update’ [website], https://levelcrossings. marineandcoasts.vic.gov.au/ and Planning, Plan Melbourne: Report on vic.gov.au/media/publications/ coastal-management/marine-and- 87 Regional Development Victoria, ‘Gigabit Progress, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 15, cranbourne-line-upgrade-community- coastal-policy broadband a win for Latrobe Valley jobs www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ update-september-2019 (accessed 3 precincts’ [website], 17 July 2020, www. assets/pdf_file/0017/507212/ September 2020) 77 Department of Environment, Land, Water rdv.vic.gov.au/news/gigabit-broadband- Report-on-Progress-2018.pdf and Planning, Marine and Coastal Policy, a-win-for-latrobe-valley-jobs-precincts 65 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. (accessed 16 September 2020) 54 Department of Environment, Land, Water ‘Cranbourne Line extension’ [website], marineandcoasts.vic.gov.au/ and Planning, ‘Residential aged care 2020, https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ coastal-management/marine-and- 88 City of Greater Geelong, ‘WiFi and facilities’ [website], www.planning.vic.gov. cranbourne-line-upgrade (accessed 3 coastal-policy enhanced broadband’ [website], www. au/policy-and-strategy/residential-aged- September 2020) geelongaustralia.com.au/smartcity/ care-facilities (accessed 2 September 78 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, article/item/8d7a408dfd5da5b.aspx 2020). Additional details and 66 Department of Treasury and Finance, Protecting Victoria's Coastal Assets, (accessed 16 September 2020) documentation relating to the Victorian Budget 19-20: State Capital Melbourne, VIC, 2018, www.audit.vic. amendment are available on the Victorian Program, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 3, 157 gov.au/report/protecting-victorias- 89 Creative Victoria, ‘About Creative State’ Government’s planning website at www. coastal-assets [website], July 2019, https://creative.vic. 67 Level Crossing Removal Project, planning.vic.gov.au/schemes-and- gov.au/creative-state/introduction ‘Cranbourne Line upgrade community 79 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, amendments/browse- (accessed 7 September 2020) update’ [website], https://levelcrossings. Protecting Victoria's Coastal Assets, amendments?query=VC152 vic.gov.au/media/publications/ Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 18, www.audit. 90 Engage Victoria, ‘Creative State 2020+’ 55 Department of Environment, Land, Water cranbourne-line-upgrade-community- vic.gov.au/report/protecting-victorias- [website], 2020, https://engage.vic.gov. and Planning, ‘Residential aged care update-september-2019 (accessed 3 coastal-assets au/creative-strategy#_ facilities’ [website], www.planning.vic.gov. September 2020) ga=2.45134892.94509599.1599185882- 80 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, au/policy-and-strategy/residential-aged- 304825754.1599185882 (accessed 7 68 Dan Andrews and Labor, ‘Cranbourne Protecting Victoria's Coastal Assets, care-facilities (accessed 2 September September 2020) Line Duplication’ [website], www. Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 8, www.audit. 2020) danandrews.com.au/cranbourne-line- vic.gov.au/report/protecting-victorias- 91 Creative Victoria Act 2017 (VIC), Part 3, 56 Department of Environment, Land, Water duplication (accessed 16 September coastal-assets section 12, https://content.legislation.vic. and Planning, Victoria Planning 2020) gov.au/sites/default/ 81 Department of Treasury and Finance, Provisions, Clause 53.17, www.planning. files/50693db9-c82e-3a0a-bb77- 69 Department of Treasury and Finance, Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/ d86a0edb5c11_17-14aa001%20 Victorian Budget 2016-17: Service Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, pp. 10, residential-aged-care- authorised.pdf Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, p. 69, 15, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ facilities#:~:text=Clause%2053.17%20 https://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ files/2018-05/2018-19%20State%20 92 Creative Victoria, ‘Creative State’ streamlines%20the%20 files/2018-04/state-budget-service- Budget%20-%20Service%20Delivery_0. [website’], https://creative.vic.gov.au/ assessment,assessed%20as%20 delivery-bp3-2016-17.pd_.pdf pdf creative-state (accessed 16 September standard%20residential%20buildings 2020) 70 Department of Treasury and Finance, 82 Department of Jobs, Precincts, and 57 Department of Environment, Land, Water Victorian Budget 2016-17: Service Regions, Fixing the digital divide: 93 Local Government Victoria, ‘Growing and Planning, ‘Residential aged care Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, pp. Connecting communities in regional Suburbs Fund’ [website], 2020, www. facilities’ [website], May 2019, www. 76-77, https://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/ Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 2, localgovernment.vic.gov.au/grants/ planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/ default/files/2018-04/state-budget- 6-9, https://djpr.vic.gov.au/__data/ growing-suburbs-fund residential-aged-care-facilities (accessed service-delivery-bp3-2016-17.pd_.pdf assets/pdf_ 11 September 2020) file/0005/1729760/12172-DJPR-RDV- 94 Local Government Victoria, ‘Growing 71 Department of Treasury and Finance, Suburbs Fund’ [website], 2020, www. 58 Premier of Victoria, ‘Future uses of coal in Connecting-Victoria_overview-brochure- Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service localgovernment.vic.gov.au/grants/ Victoria’ [media release], 7 July 2017, A4-revised_v3_FINAL.pdf Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. growing-suburbs-fund www.premier.vic.gov.au/future-uses-coal- 65-67, https://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/ 83 Department of Premier and Cabinet, victoria (accessed 14 September 2020) default/files/2018-02/state-budget- Victorian Infrastructure Plan: Projects 95 Department of Treasury and Finance, Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service 59 Australian Energy Market Operator, service-delivery-bp3-2017-18.pdf Pipeline 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, ‘Integrated System Plan (ISP)’ [website], 30, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 72 Department of Treasury and Finance, pp. 84, 95, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. https://aemo.com.au/energy-systems/ files/2019-11/DPC-IRP-Victorian- Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. major-publications/integrated-system- Infrastructure-Plan-Document-2019- Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, pp. budget.vic.gov.au/2020- plan-isp (accessed 11 September 2020) Update.pdf 59-60, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 21+State+Budget+-+Service+ 60 Australian Energy Market Operator, files/2018-05/2018-19%20State%20 84 Department of Jobs, Precincts, and Delivery.pdf ‘Generation information’ [website], Budget%20-%20Service%20Delivery_0. Regions, Fixing the digital divide: 96 Local Government Victoria, ‘Growing https://aemo.com.au/energy-systems/ pdf Connecting communities in regional Suburbs Fund’ [website], 2020, www. electricity/national-electricity-market- Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 2, 73 Minister for Energy, Environment and localgovernment.vic.gov.au/grants/ nem/nem-forecasting-and-planning/ 6-9, https://djpr.vic.gov.au/__data/ Climate Change, 'Protecting Victoria's growing-suburbs-fund forecasting-and-planning-data/ assets/pdf_file/0005/172976 Unique Coastline' [media release], 25 0/12172-DJPR-RDV-Connecting- generation-information (accessed 11 97 Department of Environment, Land, Water May 2020, https://www.premier.vic.gov. Victoria_overview-brochure-A4-revised_ September 2020) and Planning, Community Infrastructure au/protecting-victorias-unique-coastline/ v3_FINAL.pdf Loans Scheme Guidelines, Melbourne, 61 Metro Tunnel Project, ‘Frequently Asked VIC, 2019, p.6, www.localgovernment. Questions’ [website], https://metrotunnel. vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ vic.gov.au/about-the-project/faq file/0028/435664/Community- (accessed 16 September 2020) Infrastructure-Loans-Scheme-Final.pdf Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 99
98 Department of Environment, Land, Water 110 The most recent such audit is: Victorian 121 Victorian Government, ‘Fund and 133 Department of Premier and Cabinet, and Planning, Community Infrastructure Auditor General’s Office, Results of 2019 complete works at all Magistrates' Court Victorian Government Cyber Security Loans Scheme Guidelines, Melbourne, Audits: Technical and Further Education of Victoria headquarter courts’ [website], Strategy 2016-2020, Melbourne, VIC, VIC, 2019, p.8, www.localgovernment. Institutes, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. May 2020, www.vic.gov.au/ 2019, www.vic.gov.au/victorian- vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ audit.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ family-violence-recommendations/ government-cyber-security-strategy file/0028/435664/Community- files/2020-06/300620-TAFE-2019- fund-and-complete-works-all- Infrastructure-Loans-Scheme-Final.pdf Audits-report.pdf magistrates-court-victoria-headquarter 134 Emergency Management Victoria, Victoria's Critical Infrastructure All Sectors 99 Department of Environment, Land, Water 111 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 122 Department of Treasury and Finance, Resilience Report 2018, May 2019, www. and Planning, Community Infrastructure Victorian Infrastructure Plan: Projects Suburban Budget Information Paper, emv.vic.gov.au/publications/ Loans Scheme Guidelines, Melbourne, Pipeline 2019-20, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, 2020, pp. 26-27, https://s3-ap- victorias-critical-infrastructure-all-sectors- VIC, 2019, p.6, www.localgovernment. p. 68, www.vic.gov.au/victorian- southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ resilience-report-2018 vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ infrastructure-plan budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. file/0028/435664/Community- au/2020-21+State+Budget+-+ 135 Inspector-General for Emergency Infrastructure-Loans-Scheme-Final.pdf 112 Member for Mill Park District, ‘Expanding Suburban.pdf Management, Critical Infrastructure Victoria’s Dedicated Family Violence Resilience 2018 Report, 2019, www. 100 Infrastructure Victoria, Infrastructure Courts’ [media release], 9 December 123 Department of Health and Human igem.vic.gov.au/reports-and-publications/ Priorities for the Regions, Melbourne, 2019, www.lilydambrosio.com.au/news/ Services, Homes for Victorians, igem-reports/critical-infrastructure- VIC, 2020, Recommendation 19 expanding-victorias-dedicated-family- Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 4, 38, www. resilience-2018-report violence-courts/ (accessed 11 vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ 101 Department of Education and Training, September 2020) Homes-for-Victorians.pdf 136 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 'Community Use of Schools — Hiring, Victorian Government Cyber Security Licensing and Community Joint Use 113 Premier of Victoria, ‘Stronger, safer, fairer: 124 Department of Health and Human Strategy 2016-2020, 2019, www.vic.gov. Agreements' [website], www2.education. investing in Victoria’s justice system’ Services, Homes for Victorians, au/victorian-government-cyber-security- vic.gov.au/pal/community-use-schools- [media release], 1 May 2018, www. Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 4, 38, www. strategy hiring-licensing-and-community-joint-use- premier.vic.gov.au/stronger-safer-fairer- vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ agreements/policy (accessed 16 investing-in-victorias-justice-system Homes-for-Victorians.pdf 137 Premier of Victoria, ‘Tackling the cyber September 2020) (accessed 11 September 2020) security threat to Victorian Services’ 125 Department of Health and Human [media release], 25 August 2017, www. 102 Sport and Recreation Victoria, Active 114 Court Services Victoria, ‘CSV Welcomes Services, Homes for Victorians, premier.vic.gov.au/tackling-the-cyber- Victoria – A strategic framework for sport State Budget Announcements’ [website], Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 4, 40, www. security-threat-to-victorian-services and recreation in Victoria 2017-2021, 2 May 2017, www.courts.vic.gov.au/ vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ (accessed 11 September 2020) Melbourne, VIC, 2017, https://sport.vic. news/csv-welcomes-state-budget- Homes-for-Victorians.pdf gov.au/publications-and-resources/ announcements (accessed 11 138 Department of Premier and Cabinet, strategies/active-victoria-strategic- September 2020) 126 Department of Health and Human ‘About the Cyber Security Unit’ [website], framework-sport-and-recreation Services, Homes for Victorians, November 2019, www.vic.gov.au/ 115 Centre for Innovative Justice, ‘Court Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 4, 40, www. about-cyber-security-unit (accessed 11 103 Sport and Recreation Victoria, ‘Grants innovation during Covid-19 crisis’ vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2019-08/ September 2020) and Funding: Local Sports Infrastructure [website], 2 April 2020, https://cij.org.au/ Homes-for-Victorians.pdf Fund’ [website], February 2020, https:// news-and-views/court-innovation-during- 139 Department of Transport, Victorian sport.vic.gov.au/grants-and-funding covid-19-crisis (accessed 11 September 127 Department of Health and Human Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, (accessed 7 September 2020) 2020) Services, Victoria’s homelessness and VIC, 2018, pp. 25-28, https://transport. rough sleeping action plan, Melbourne, vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ 104 Sport and Recreation Victoria, ‘Grants 116 Premier of Victoria, ‘Getting VCAT moving VIC, 2018, www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/sites/ walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- and Funding: Community Sports remotely during coronavirus’ [media default/files/documents/201802/ strategy-2018-28.pdf Infrastructure Stimulus Program’ release], 28 April 2020, www.premier.vic. Rough%20Sleeping%20Action%20 [website], https://sport.vic.gov.au/ gov.au/getting-vcat-moving-remotely- Plan_20180207.pdf 140 Department of Transport, ‘Walking and grants-and-funding/our-grants/ during-coronavirus (accessed 11 cycling’ [website], https://transport.vic. community-sports-infrastructure- September 2020) 128 Council to Homeless Persons, ‘Rough gov.au/getting-around/walking-and- stimulus-program (accessed 7 sleeping action plan a “critical turning cycling (accessed 10 September 2020) September 2020) 117 Premier of Victoria, ‘Stronger, safer, fairer: point” in solving homelessness crisis’ investing in Victoria’s justice system’, 1 [media release], 13 January 2018, http:// 141 Department of Transport, Victorian 105 Sport and Recreation Victoria, ‘Grants May 2018, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ chp.org.au/wp-content/ Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, and Funding: Local Sports Infrastructure stronger-safer-fairer-investing-in-victorias- uploads/2018/01/180105_Rough- VIC, 2018, pp. 8-19, https://transport.vic. Fund’ [website], February 2020, https:// justice-system (accessed 11 September sleeping-action-plan-critical-turning- gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ sport.vic.gov.au/grants-and-funding 2020) point.pdf (accessed 11 September 2020) walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- (accessed 7 September 2020) strategy-2018-28.pdf 118 Premier of Victoria, ‘Stronger, safer, fairer: 129 Minister for Housing, ‘More 106 Department of Education and Training, investing in Victoria’s justice system’, 1 homelessness and public housing 142 Department of Treasury and Finance, ‘Competition Grade Sporting Facilities’ May 2018, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ support in COVID-19 fight’ [media Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service [website], June 2020: www2.education. stronger-safer-fairer-investing-in-victorias- release], 18 March 2020, www.premier. Planning, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 107, vic.gov.au/pal/competition-grade- justice-system (accessed 11 September vic.gov.au/more-homelessness-and- 111, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. sporting-facilities/advice (accessed 7 2020) public-housing-support-covid-19-fight amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201920. September 2020) (accessed 11 September 2020) budget.vic.gov.au/2019- 119 Victorian Government, ‘Fund and 20+State+Budget+-+Service+Delivery. 107 Department of Education and Training, complete works at all Magistrates' Court 130 Minister for Housing, ‘Safe places for the pdf ‘About Tech Schools’ [website], 2020, of Victoria headquarter courts’ [website], homeless to recover and isolate’ [media www.education.vic.gov.au/about/ May 2020, www.vic.gov.au/ release], 10 April 2020, www.premier.vic. 143 Department of Transport, ‘Walking and programs/learningdev/techschools/ family-violence-recommendations/ gov.au/safe-places-homeless-recover- cycling’ [website], https://transport.vic. Pages/aboutechschools.aspx#link74 fund-and-complete-works-all- and-isolate (accessed 11 September gov.au/getting-around/walking-and- magistrates-court-victoria-headquarter 2020) cycling (accessed 10 September 2020) 108 Department of Education and Training, ‘About Tech Schools’ [website], 2020, 120 Victorian Government, ‘Fund and 131 Minister for Housing, 'Hearts and homes 144 Department of Transport, ‘Walking and www.education.vic.gov.au/about/ complete works at all Magistrates' Court helping through coronavirus' [media cycling’ [website], https://transport.vic. programs/learningdev/techschools/ of Victoria headquarter courts’ [website], release], 13 June 2020, www.premier.vic. gov.au/getting-around/walking-and- Pages/aboutechschools.aspx#link74 May 2020, www.vic.gov.au/ gov.au/hearts-and-homes-helping- cycling (accessed 10 September 2020) family-violence-recommendations/ through-coronavirus (accessed 11 145 Level Crossing Removal Project and 109 Engage Victoria, ‘A new learning and fund-and-complete-works-all- September 2020) Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, library hub for Warrnambool’ [website], magistrates-court-victoria-headquarter https://engage.vic.gov.au/learninghub 132 Minister for Housing, 'Homes for ‘Connecting cycling communities across homeless Victorians during pandemic Melbourne’ [website], https:// and beyond' [media release], 28 July levelcrossings.vic.gov.au/legacies-and- 2020, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ benefits/urban-renewal/connecting- homes-homeless-victorians-during- cycling-communities-across-melbourne# pandemic-and-beyond (accessed 11 (accessed 10 September 2020) September 2020) 100 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
146 Department of Transport, ‘Walking and 157 Department of Environment, Land, Water 167 A Cooper and T Mills, ‘No trials for at 178 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on cycling’ [website], https://transport.vic. and Planning, Plan Melbourne least six months as Victorian courts face automated and zero-emissions vehicles gov.au/getting-around/walking-and- 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. “greatest crisis”’, The Age, 20 March infrastructure, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, pp. cycling (accessed 10 September 2020) 44 47, www.planmelbourne.vic.gov. 2020, www.theage.com.au/national/ 78-79, www.infrastructurevictoria.com. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/377206/ victoria/courts-look-toremote-technology- au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ 147 Department of Transport, Victorian Plan_Melbourne_2017-2050_Strategy. amid-virus-20200320-p54c85.html Advice-on-automated-and-zero- Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, pdf (accessed 22 September 2020) emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf VIC, 2018, pp. 25-28, https://transport. vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ 158 Department of Environment, Land, Water 168 Centre for Innovative Justice, ‘Court 179 Parliamentary Library and Information walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- and Planning , Plan Melbourne innovation during Covid-19 crisis’ Service, Automated Vehicles, Parliament strategy-2018-28.pdf Implementation Actions, Melbourne, VIC, [website], 2 April 2020, https://cij.org.au/ of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www. 2017, pp. 1, 3-5, 13, www. news-and-views/court-innovation-during- parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/ 148 Department of Transport, Victorian planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ covid-19-crisis (accessed 22 September research-papers/send/36-research- Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, pdf_file/0007/377125/Plan_ 2020) papers/13839-automated-vehicles VIC, 2018, p. 28, https://transport.vic. Melbourne_2017_Implementation_ gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ Actions.pdf 169 K. Percy, '“Justice hasn't changed, just 180 VicRoads, ‘Automated Driving System walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- the mode of delivery”: How Victorian (ADS) permit scheme’ [website], 2018, strategy-2018-28.pdf 159 Department of Environment, Land, Water courts are adapting to coronavirus’, ABC www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/safety-and- and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on News, 20 May 2020, www.abc.net.au/ road-rules/vehicle-safety/automated-and- 149 Department of Transport, Victorian Progress 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, news/2020-05-20/coronavirus- connected-vehicles/testing-of- Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, pp. 5, 9, 11, 46, www.planmelbourne.vic. pandemic-for-victorian-courts-judges- automated-vehicles (accessed 8 VIC, 2018, pp. 25-28, https://transport. gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ justicesystem/12258858 (accessed 22 September 2020) vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ file/0003/516171/Report-on- September 2020) walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- Progress-2019.pdf 181 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the strategy-2018-28.pdf 170 Parliament of Victoria (Public Accounts Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, 160 Department of Environment, Land, Water and Estimates Committee), Inquiry into VIC, 2018, p. 22, https://transport.vic. 150 Department of Transport, Victorian and Planning, Plan Melbourne the Victorian Government’s response to gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 10, the COVID-19 pandemic: Interim Report, VIC, 2018, p. 34, https://transport.vic. www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ Melbourne, VIC, 2020, pp. 138-139, 182 National Transport Commission and gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ assets/pdf_file/0007/377206/Plan_ https://parliament.vic.gov.au/images/ Austroads, Guidelines for trials of walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- Melbourne_2017-2050_Strategy_.pdf stories/committees/paec/COVID-19_ automated vehicles, Melbourne, VIC, strategy-2018-28.pdf Inquiry/Report/PAEC_59-07_Vic_Gov_ 2017, www.ntc.gov.au/sites/default/files/ 161 Department of Environment, Land, Water response_COVID-19_Interim_report.pdf assets/files/AV_trial_guidelines.pdf 151 VicRoads, ‘Bicycle volume and speed’ and Planning, Plan Melbourne [website], https://discover.data.vic.gov. 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 171 Parliament of Victoria (Public Accounts 183 Road Safety Amendment (Automated au/dataset/bicycle-volume-and-speed 14-15, www.planmelbourne.vic.gov. and Estimates Committee), Inquiry into Vehicles) Act 2018 (VIC) (accessed 11 September 2020) au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/377206/ the Victorian Government’s response to 184 National Transport Commission, Review Plan_Melbourne_2017-2050_Strategy_. the COVID-19 pandemic: Interim Report, 152 Department of Environment, Land, Water of ‘Guidelines for trials of automated pdf Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 139, https:// and Planning, Living Locally: 20 Minute vehicles in Australia’, Melbourne, VIC, parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/ Neighbourhood Pilot Program, 2020, pp. 14-16, www.ntc.gov.au/sites/ 162 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, committees/paec/COVID-19_Inquiry/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, www.plan default/files/assets/files/NTC%20 ‘Sharing VCAT’s Online Dispute Report/PAEC_59-07_Vic_Gov_response_ melbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ Discussion%20Paper%20-%20 Resolution experience’ [website], COVID-19_Interim_report.pdf pdf_file/0010/515287/20-Minute- November 2020, web.archive.org/ Review%20of%20guidelines%20for%20 Neighbourhood-Fact-Sheet.pdf web/20200326130503/www.vcat.vic. 172 Parliament of Victoria (Public Accounts trials%20of%20automated%20 gov.au/news/sharing-vcats-online- and Estimates Committee), Inquiry into vehicles%20in%20Australia.pdf 153 Department of Environment, Land, Water dispute-resolution-experience (accessed the Victorian Government’s response to and Planning, 20-Minute 185 National Transport Commission and 11 September 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic: Interim Report, Neighbourhoods: Creating a more Austroads, Guidelines for trials of Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 139, https:// liveable Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, pp. automated vehicles, Melbourne, VIC, 163 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/ 26-28, www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/ 2017, pp. 37, 41, www.ntc.gov.au/sites/ ‘Sharing VCAT’s Online Dispute committees/paec/COVID-19_Inquiry/ assets/pdf_file/0031/428908/ default/files/assets/files/AV_trial_ Resolution experience’ [website], Report/PAEC_59-07_Vic_Gov_response_ Creating-a-more-liveable-Melbourne.pdf guidelines.pdf November 2020, web.archive.org/ COVID-19_Interim_report.pdf web/20200326130503/www.vcat.vic. 154 Department of Environment, Land, 186 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on gov.au/news/sharing-vcats-online- 173 Anne Wallace, ‘“Virtual Justice in the Water and Planning, Living Locally: automated and zero-emissions vehicles dispute-resolution-experience (accessed Bush”: The use of court technology in 20 Minute Neighbourhood Pilot Program, infrastructure, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 11 September 2020) remote and regional Australia’, Journal of Melbourne, VIC, 2019, www.plan 31, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ Law, Information and Science, Vol 19, melbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ 164 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, 2008, p. 11, www.austlii.edu.au/au/ pdf_file/0010/515287/20-Minute- Advice-on-automated-and-zero- ‘VCAT Online Dispute Resolution Pilot’ journals/JlLawInfoSci/2008/2.html Neighbourhood-Fact-Sheet.pdf [video]¸ 13 September 2018, www. emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf youtube.com/watch?v=1cuKRgj-0ng 174 Court Services Victoria, ‘Bendigo Law 155 Department of Environment, Land, Water 187 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on (accessed 22 September 2020) Court Redevelopment’ [website], 17 April and Planning, ‘Policies and Initiatives: automated and zero-emissions vehicles 2020, www.courts.vic.gov.au/projects/ 20-minute neighbourhoods’ [website], infrastructure, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 165 Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal, bendigo-law-court-development September 2019, www.planning.vic.gov. 140, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ ‘Sharing VCAT’s Online Dispute (accessed 22 September 2020) au/policy-and-strategy/planning-for- Resolution experience’ [website], wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ melbourne/plan-melbourne/20-minute- November 2020, web.archive.org/ 175 North East Link Project, ‘Doncaster Advice-on-automated-and-zero- neighbourhoods (accessed 16 web/20200326130503/www.vcat.vic. Busway’ [website], https://northeastlink. emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf September 2020) gov.au/news/sharing-vcats-online- vic.gov.au/design/design/busway 188 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on dispute-resolution-experience (accessed (accessed 11 September 2020) 156 Department of Transport, Victorian automated and zero-emissions vehicles 11 September 2020) Cycling Strategy 2018-2028, Melbourne, 176 North East Link Project, ‘Doncaster infrastructure, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, pp. VIC, 2018, pp. 25-28, https://transport. 166 Parliament of Victoria (Public Accounts Busway’ [website], https://northeastlink. 78-79, www.infrastructurevictoria.com. vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ and Estimates Committee), Inquiry into vic.gov.au/design/design/busway au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ walking-and-cycling/victorian-cycling- the Victorian Government’s response to (accessed 11 September 2020) Advice-on-automated-and-zero- strategy-2018-28.pdf the COVID-19 pandemic: Interim Report, emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf Melbourne, VIC, 2020, pp. 137-138, 177 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on 189 Parliamentary Library and Information https://parliament.vic.gov.au/images/ automated and zero-emissions vehicles Service, Automated Vehicles, Parliament stories/committees/paec/COVID-19_ infrastructure, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www. Inquiry/Report/PAEC_59-07_Vic_Gov_ 25, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ parliament.vic.gov.au/publications/ response_COVID-19_Interim_report.pdf wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ Advice-on-automated-and-zero- research-papers/send/36-research- emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf papers/13839-automated-vehicles Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 101
190 VicRoads, ‘Automated Driving System 201 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 214 Australian Energy Market Operator, 2020 227 Housing Victoria, ‘EnergySmart Public (ADS) permit scheme’ [website], 2018, ‘West Gate Tunnel’ [website], June 2020, Integrated System Plan, Melbourne, VIC, Housing Project’ [website], August 2017, www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/safety-and- https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ 2020, p. 17, www.aemo.com.au/-/ www.housing.vic.gov.au/about/ road-rules/vehicle-safety/automated-and- west-gate-tunnel (accessed 16 media/files/major-publications/isp/2020/ housing-news/energysmart-public- connected-vehicles/testing-of- September 2020) final-2020-integrated-system-plan.pdf housing-project (accessed 14 September automated-vehicles (accessed 8 2020) September 2020) 202 West Gate Tunnel Project, ‘Frequently 215 Australian Energy Market Operator, Asked Questions’ [website], 2020, www. Victorian Annual Planning Report, 228 Department of Environment, Land, Water 191 Victorian Government Printer, ‘Road westgatetunnelproject.vic.gov.au/about/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 60-77, www. and Planning, Plan Melbourne 2017-50: Safety Act 1986: Victorian guidelines for faqs (accessed 11 September 2020) aemo.com.au/-/media/files/electricity/ Report on Progress, 2018, p. 29, www. trials of automated vehicles’, Victoria nem/planning_and_forecasting/ planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ Government Gazette, Melbourne, VIC, 203 Major Road Projects Victoria, ‘Monash vapr/2019/victorian-annual-planning- pdf_file/0017/507212/Report-on- 2018, www.gazette.vic.gov.au/gazette/ Freeway Upgrade’ [website], 2020, report-2019 pdf Progress-2018.pdf Gazettes2018/GG2018S421.pdf#page=1 https://roadprojects.vic.gov.au/projects/ monash-freeway-upgrade (accessed 11 216 Australian Energy Market Operator, 229 Department of Environment, Land, Water 192 National Transport Commission, Review September 2020) ‘Victoria to New South Wales and Planning, Plan Melbourne 2017-50: of ‘Guidelines for trials of automated Interconnector West (VNI West) regulatory Report on Progress, 2018, p. 29, www. vehicles in Australia’, Melbourne, VIC, 204 Department of Environment, Land, Water investment test for transmission (RIT-T)’ planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ 2020, p. 21, www.ntc.gov.au/sites/ and Planning, ‘East West Link (Eastern [website], www.aemo.com.au/initiatives/ pdf_file/0017/507212/Report-on- default/files/assets/files/NTC%20 Section) Project Assessment Committee’ major-programs/victoria-to-new-south- Progress-2018.pdf Discussion%20Paper%20-%20 [website], September 2019, www. wales-interconnector-west-regulatory- Review%20of%20guidelines%20for%20 planning.vic.gov.au/panels-and- investment-test-for-transmission 230 Australian Building Codes Board, ‘Energy trials%20of%20automated%20 committees/previous-panels-and- (accessed 14 September 2020) efficiency – NCC 2022 and beyond vehicles%20in%20Australia.pdf committees/east-west-link-eastern- scoping study’ [website], December section-project-assessment-committee 217 Engage Victoria, ‘Regional Renewable 2019, https://consultation.abcb.gov.au/ 193 Victorian Government Printer, ‘Road Energy Roadmaps’ [website], 2020, engagement/energy-efficiency-scoping- Safety Act 1986: Victorian guidelines for 205 Department of Treasury and Finance, https://engage.vic.gov.au/regional- study-2019/ (accessed 14 September trials of automated vehicles’, Victoria ‘Recent sales history’ [website], 2018, renewable-energy-roadmaps (accessed 2020) Government Gazette, Melbourne, VIC, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/government-land- 14 September 2020) 2018, www.gazette.vic.gov.au/gazette/ sales/recent-sales-history 231 Australian Building Codes Board, ‘Energy Gazettes2018/GG2018S421.pdf#page=1 218 Major Road Projects Victoria, ‘Projects’ efficiency – NCC 2022 and beyond 206 Linking Melbourne Authority, ‘East West [website], 2020, https://roadprojects.vic. scoping study’ [website], December 194 National Transport Commission and Link – Eastern Section’ [plans], gov.au/projects (accessed 14 September 2019, https://consultation.abcb.gov.au/ Austroads, Guidelines for trials of Department of Environment, Land, Water 2020) engagement/energy-efficiency-scoping- automated vehicles, Melbourne, VIC, and Planning, Melbourne, VIC, 2013, study-2019/ (accessed 14 September 2017, www.ntc.gov.au/sites/default/files/ www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ 219 Major Road Projects Victoria, ‘Monash 2020) assets/files/AV_trial_guidelines.pdf pdf_file/0025/33199/ Freeway Upgrade’ [upgrade], 2020, Drawings-1224-1227.pdf https://roadprojects.vic.gov.au/projects/ 232 Australian Building Codes Board, ‘Energy 195 National Transport Commission, Review monash-freeway-upgrade (accessed 14 efficiency’ [website], www.abcb.gov.au/ of ‘Guidelines for trials of automated 207 Department of Treasury and Finance, September 2020) Initiatives/All/energy-efficiency vehicles in Australia’, Melbourne, VIC, Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service 2020, pp. 14-16, www.ntc.gov.au/sites/ Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p.53 220 Major Road Projects Victoria, ‘M80 233 Department of Environment, Land, Water default/files/assets/files/NTC%20 Upgrade’ [website], 2020, https:// and Planning, Energy Efficiency and 208 Premier of Victoria, ‘Boosting Digital Discussion%20Paper%20-%20 roadprojects.vic.gov.au/projects/ Productivity Strategy, Melbourne, VIC, Education For Rural And Regional Review%20of%20guidelines%20for%20 m80-upgrade (accessed 14 September 2017, p. 39, www.energy.vic.gov.au/__ Students’ [media release], 16 May 2017, trials%20of%20automated%20 2020) data/assets/pdf_file/0030/89292/ www.premier.vic.gov.au/boosting-digital- vehicles%20in%20Australia.pdf Energy-Efficiency-and-Productivity- education-rural-and-regional-students 221 Suburban Rail Loop Authority, ‘Suburban Strategy-Web.pdf 196 National Transport Commission, ‘Current (accessed 11 September 2020) Rail Loop’ [website], 2020, https:// automated vehicle reforms’ [website], suburbanrailloop.vic.gov.au/en (accessed 234 Victorian Government, Victorian 209 Department of Treasury and Finance, 2020, www.ntc.gov.au/transport-reform/ 14 September 2020) Infrastructure Plan Pipeline, 2019, pp. Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service automated-vehicle-program (accessed 8 41-42, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 56 222 Department of Treasury and Finance, September 2020) files/2019-11/DPC-IRP-Victorian- Suburban Budget Information Paper, Infrastructure-Plan-Document-2019- 210 Premier of Victoria, ‘Boosting digital 197 National Transport Commission, ‘Current 2020, pp. 26-27, https://s3-ap- Update.pdf education for rural and regional students’ automated vehicle reforms’ [website], southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ [media release], 16 May 2017, www. 2020, www.ntc.gov.au/transport-reform/ budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. 235 Department of Environment, Land, Water premier.vic.gov.au/boosting-digital- automated-vehicle-program (accessed 8 au/2020-21+State+Budget+- and Planning, ‘Electricity: Demand education-rural-and-regional-students September 2020) +Suburban.pdf Management Achievements’ [website], (accessed 8 September 2020) July 2019, www.energy.vic.gov.au/ 198 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on 223 Department of Treasury and Finance, electricity/demand-management- 211 Premier of Victoria, ‘Geelong Schools automated and zero-emissions vehicles ‘Greener Government Buildings’ achievements First In Line For Digital Upgrades’ [media infrastructure, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, [website], 2018, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/ release], 22 August 2017, www.premier. www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ funds-programs-and-policies/ 236 Department of Environment, Land, Water vic.gov.au/geelong-schools-first-line- wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ greener-government-buildings (accessed and Planning, Victorian Government digital-upgrades (accessed 8 September Advice-on-automated-and-zero- 14 September 2020) submission on Tariff Structure Statements 2020) emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf 2021-26, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. 224 Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service aer.gov.au/system/files/DEWLP%20-%20 212 Premier of Victoria, ‘Victorian students to 199 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, Submission%20on%20Tariff%20 learn from home, as VCE timelines Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects pp. 78, 80, 141, https://s3-ap- Structure%20Statements%20for%20 revised’ [media release], 7 April 2020, Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 14, southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ the%20Victorian%20Electricity%20 www.premier.vic.gov.au/victorian- www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. Distribution%20Proposal%20 students-to-learn-from-home-as-vce- files/2019-11/DPC-IRP-Victorian- au/2020-21+State+Budget+- 2021-26%20-%20June%202020_1.pdf timelines-revised/ (accessed 8 Infrastructure-Plan-Document-2019- +Service+Delivery.pdf September 2020) Update.pdf 237 Commissioner for Environmental 225 Buying for Victoria, ‘Energy Performance Sustainability Victoria, Annual Report 213 Minister for Education, ‘Have your say on 200 West Gate Tunnel Project and Major Contract’ [website], December 2019, 2018-19, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 21, remote and flexible learning’ [media Transport Infrastructure Authority, ‘West www.buyingfor.vic.gov.au/energy- www.ces.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/ release], 9 June 2020, www.premier.vic. Gate Tunnel Project: Design Overview’ performance-contract (accessed 14 publication-documents/2018-19%20 gov.au/have-your-say-on-remote-and- [website], https://westgatetunnelproject. 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238 Department of Environment, Land, Water 250 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Access 263 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 276 Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Delivering Water for to Mental Health Services, Melbourne, Victorian Infrastructure Plan: Projects and Planning, Plan Melbourne Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p.15, VIC, 2019, p. 7, www.audit.vic.gov.au/ Pipeline 2019-20, 2019, p. 67, www.vic. 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 5, www.water.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ sites/default/ gov.au/victorian-infrastructure-plan www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ pdf_file/0033/391497/Delivering-Water- files/2019-03/20190321-Mental-Health- assets/pdf_file/0007/377206/Plan_ for-Victoria-Progress-Report- Access.pdf 264 Department of Treasury and Finance, Melbourne_2017-2050_Strategy_.pdf web-20180919.pdf Victorian Budget 2020-21 Overview, 251 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Access 2020, p. 39, https://s3-ap-southeast- 277 Department of Environment, Land, Water 239 Transport for Victoria, Fishermans Bend to Mental Health Services, 2019, 2.amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. and Planning, Plan Melbourne Integrated Transport Plan, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, p. 9, www.audit.vic.gov. budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 5, VIC, 2020, www.fishermansbend.vic.gov. au/sites/default/ Budget+-+Budget+Overview.pdf www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/31673/ files/2019-03/20190321-Mental-Health- assets/pdf_file/0007/377206/Plan_ Fishermans-Bend-Integrated-Transport- Access.pdf. 265 Rail Projects Victoria and the Major Melbourne_2017-2050_Strategy_.pdf Plan-Final.docx.pdf Transport Infrastructure Authority, 252 Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental ‘Community Update: Geelong Line 278 Department of Environment, Land, Water 240 Department of Treasury and Finance, Health System, Interim Report, Upgrade’, Winter 2018, https://transport. and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 165, https:// vic.gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ Progress 2019, Melbourne, VIC, p. 41, Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 28, 40 rcvmhs.vic.gov.au/download_file/view_ regional-rail/rrr-geelong-factsheet.pdf www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ inline/2195 (accessed 9 September 2020) assets/pdf_file/0003/516171/ 241 Department of Environment, Land, Water, Report-on-Progress-2019.pdf Environment and Planning, Fishermans 253 Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental 266 Rail Projects Victoria and the Major Bend Framework, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, Health System, ‘Interim Report’ [website], Transport Infrastructure Authority, 279 Department of Environment, Land, Water www.fishermansbend.vic.gov.au/__data/ 2020, https://rcvmhs.vic.gov.au/ ‘Geelong Line Upgrade’ [website], and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on assets/pdf_file/0020/35093/ interim-report (accessed 17 September https://regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/ Progress 2019, Melbourne, VIC, p. 41, Fishermans-Bend-Framework.pdf 2020) geelong (accessed 9 September 2020) www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0003/516171/ 242 Department of Environment, Land, Water, 254 Minister for Mental Health, 'Putting the 267 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Report-on-Progress-2019.pdf Environment and Planning, ‘Draft mental health of Victorians first' [media Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2019 Planning Scheme Amendment GC81’ release] 24 November 2020, https:// Update, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 18 280 Department of Environment, Land, Water [website], Melbourne, VIC, November www.premier.vic.gov.au/putting-mental- and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on 2017, www.fishermansbend.vic.gov.au/ health-victorians-first-0 268 Department of Treasury and Finance, Progress 2019, Melbourne, VIC, p. 40, framework (accessed 14 September Victorian Budget 2019-20 Service www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ 2020) 255 Department of Environment, Land, Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2019, assets/pdf_file/0003/516171/ Environment, Water and Planning, Plan pp. 6, 14, 19, https://s3-ap-southeast- Report-on-Progress-2019.pdf 243 Department of Environment, Land, Water, Melbourne 2017-50, Melbourne, VIC, 2.amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201920. Environment and Planning, ‘Browse 2020, pp. 14, 15, 35, www. budget.vic.gov.au/2019-20+State 281 Department of Environment, Land, Water amendments: GC81’ [website], www. planmelbourne.vic.gov.au +Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on planning.vic.gov.au/schemes-and- Progress 2019, Melbourne, VIC, p. 40, amendments/browse-amendments? 256 Department of Environment, Land, 269 Transport for Victoria, Western Rail Plan, www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ query=GC81 (accessed 14 September Environment, Water and Planning, Plan Melbourne, VIC, 2018, https://bigbuild. assets/pdf_file/0003/516171/ 2020) Melbourne 2017-50, Melbourne, VIC, vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Report-on-Progress-2019.pdf 2020, p. 35, www.planmelbourne.vic. file/0007/453067/Western-Rail-Plan- 244 Department of Treasury and Finance, gov.au October-2018.pdf 282 Department of Environment, Land, Water Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service and Planning, ‘Cooling and Greening Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 12, 25 257 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the 270 Transport for Victoria, Western Rail Plan, Melbourne’ [website], 2020, www. Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 15, https:// planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/ 245 Department of Treasury and Finance, VIC, 2018, p. 22, https://transport.vic. bigbuild.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ planning-for-melbourne/plan-melbourne/ Victorian Budget 2019-20, Service gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria file/0007/453067/Western-Rail-Plan- cooling-greening-melbourne (accessed Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 100, 105, October-2018.pdf 14 September 2020) https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. 258 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, 271 Department of Transport, Fishermans 283 Department of Environment, Land, Water au/2019-20+State+Budget+- VIC, 2018, pp. 29-31, https://transport. Bend Integrated Transport Plan, and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on +Service+Delivery.pdf vic.gov.au/ports-and-freight/ Melbourne, VIC, October 2017, p. 13, Progress 2019, Melbourne, VIC, p. 40, freight-victoria www.fishermansbend.vic.gov.au/__data/ www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ 246 Department of Health and Human assets/pdf_file/0020/31673/ assets/pdf_file/0003/516171/ 259 Department of Transport, ‘Key Freight Services, Statewide design, service and Fishermans-Bend-Integrated-Transport- Report-on-Progress-2019.pdf Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, Projects: Victoria’s new intermodal freight Plan-Final.docx.pdf VIC, 2016, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ precincts’ [website], https://transport.vic. 284 Premier of Victoria, ‘Pooch Lovers Set To hospitals-and-health-services/ gov.au/ports-and-freight/key-freight- 272 Department of Environment, Land, Water Lap Up New Dog Parks’ [media release], health-system-design-planning/ projects#intermodal-precincts (accessed and Planning, Fishermans Bend 26 August 2020, www.premier.vic.gov. statewide-plan 9 September 2020) Framework, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, pp. au/pooch-lovers-set-lap-new-dog-parks 28-30, www.fishermansbend.vic.gov. (accessed 14 September 2020) 247 Department of Health and Human 260 Department of Transport, ‘Key Freight au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/35093/ Services, Statewide design, service and Projects: Victoria’s new intermodal freight Fishermans-Bend-Framework.pdf 285 Nature Conservancy and Resilient Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, precincts’ [website], https://transport.vic. Melbourne, Living Melbourne: our VIC, 2016, p. 42: www2.health.vic.gov. gov.au/ports-and-freight/key-freight- 273 Department of Jobs, Precincts and metropolitan urban forest, Melbourne, au/hospitals-and-health-services/ projects#intermodal-precincts (accessed Regions, ‘What we do: precincts, VIC, 2019, https://resilientmelbourne. health-system-design-planning/ 9 September 2020) suburbs and regions’ [website], 2020, com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ statewide-plan https://djpr.vic.gov.au/what-we-do/ LivingMelbourne_Strategy_online3.pdf 261 N. Bucci, ‘Prison expansion for Victoria precincts-suburbs-and-regions (accessed 248 Department of Health and Human as more get locked up’, The Age, 25 14 September 2020) 286 Premier of Victoria, ‘Major overhaul of Services, Statewide design, service and January 2018, www.theage.com.au/ bus contracts to put passengers first’ Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, national/victoria/prison-expansion-for- 274 Department of Jobs, Precincts and [media release], 16 February 2017, www. VIC, 2016, p. 14: www2.health.vic.gov. victoria-as-more-get-locked-up- Regions, ‘Five Year Plans’ [website], premier.vic.gov.au/major-overhaul-of-bus- au/hospitals-and-health-services/ 20180125-p4yyus.html 2019, www.suburbandevelopment.vic. contracts-to-put-passengers-first health-system-design-planning/ gov.au/partnerships/five-year-plans (accessed 14 September 2020) 262 Premier of Victoria, ‘A Stronger Prison statewide-plan System To Keep People Safe’ [media 275 Department of Jobs, Precincts and 287 Department of Treasury and Finance, 249 Department of Health and Human release], 24 May 2019, www.premier.vic. Regions, ‘Five Year Plans’ [website], Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service Services, Statewide design, service and gov.au/ a-stronger-prison-system-to- 2019, www.suburbandevelopment.vic. Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 100, 101, Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, keep-people-safe-0, (accessed 14 gov.au/partnerships/five-year-plans 107 VIC, 2016, p. 85: www2.health.vic.gov. September 2020) au/hospitals-and-health-services/ health-system-design-planning/ statewide-plan Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 103
288 Department of Environment, Land, Water 298 Better Care Victoria, ‘Better care for rural 309 Department of Health and Human 321 Department of Treasury and Finance, and Planning, Protecting Victoria’s patients in Intensive Care Units with Services, Statewide design, service and Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service Environment- Biodiversity 2037, chronic complex care needs through Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 341 Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www. telemedicine’ [website], 2016, www. VIC, 2016, p. 68,www2.health.vic.gov.au/ environment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ bettercare.vic.gov.au/our-work/ hospitals-and-health-services/ 322 VicRoads, ‘Heavy vehicle map networks pdf_file/0022/51259/Protecting-Victorias- innovation-fund/innovation-projects/ health-system-design-planning/ in Victoria’ [website], www.vicroads.vic. Environment-Biodiversity-2037.pdf, p.4 Browse-all-projects-listing/ statewide-plan gov.au/business-and-industry/ better-care-for-rural-patients-in-intensive- heavy-vehicle-industry/heavy-vehicle- 289 Department of Environment, Land, Water care-units 310 Department of Health and Human map-networks-in-victoria (accessed 8 and Planning, Protecting Victoria’s Services, Rural and Regional Health September 2020) Environment- Biodiversity 2037, 299 J. Daley et al, Recovery Book: What Partnerships – Guidelines 2020, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www. Australian Governments should do now, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, www2.health.vic. 323 Department of Health and Human environment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ Grattan Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, gov.au/hospitals-and-health-services/ Services, ‘Homes for Victorians’ pdf_file/0022/51259/Protecting-Victorias- p.77, https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/ rural-health/rural-regional-health- [website], 4 September 2018, www. Environment-Biodiversity-2037.pdf, p.4 uploads/2020/06/Grattan-Institute- partnerships housing.vic.gov.au/homes-victorians Recovery-Book.pdf (accessed 24 August 2020) 290 Department of Environment, Land, Water 311 Department of Health and Human and Planning, 'Land for Wildlife' [website] 300 S. Duckett, P. Brooks and B. Older, ‘The Services, Rural and Regional Health 324 Department of Health and Human www.wildlife.vic.gov.au/protecting- pandemic has given us a chance to Partnerships – Guidelines 2020, Services, Homes for Victorians, 2017, wildlife/land-for-wildlife (accessed 9 reimagine health care’, Grattan Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 7, 14-15, pp. 4, 28, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ September 2020) 8 June 2020, https://grattan.edu.au/ www2.health.vic.gov.au/hospitals-and- files/2019-08/Homes-for-Victorians.pdf, news/the-pandemic-has-given-us-a- health-services/rural-health/ 325 Department of Health and Human 291 Department of Health and Human chance-to-reimagine-health care/ rural-regional-health-partnerships Services, Statewide design, service and Services, Homes for Victorians, 2017, infrastructure plan for Victoria’s health 301 Department of Health and Human 312 Minister for Health, Health-care system to pp. 4, 29, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ system 2017-2037, Melbourne, VIC, Services, Statewide design, service and work as one during pandemic [media files/2019-08/Homes-for-Victorians.pdf 2017, p. 9, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, release], 2 April 2020, www.premier.vic. 326 Department of Health and Human hospitals-and-health-services/ VIC, 2016, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ gov.au/health care-system-work-one- Services, Homes for Victorians, 2017, health-system-design-planning/ hospitals-and-health-services/ during-pandemic (accessed 14 pp. 4, 38, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ statewide-plan health-system-design-planning/ September 2020) files/2019-08/Homes-for-Victorians.pdf statewide-plan 292 Department of Health and Human 313 Rail Projects Victoria and Major Transport 327 Premier of Victoria, ‘Supporting tenants Services, Statewide design, service and 302 Department of Health and Human Infrastructure Authority, ‘High Capacity and landlords through coronavirus’, infrastructure plan for Victoria’s health Services, Statewide design, service and Signalling’ [website], 2020, https:// [media release], 15 April 2020, www. system 2017-2037, Melbourne, VIC, Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, metrotunnel.vic.gov.au/about-the-project/ premier.vic.gov.au/supporting-tenants- 2017, p. 12, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ VIC, 2016, p. 13, www2.health.vic.gov. project-benefits/high-capacity-signalling and-landlords-through-coronavirus hospitals-and-health-services/ au/hospitals-and-health-services/ (accessed 14 September 2020) (accessed 14 September 2020) health-system-design-planning/ health-system-design-planning/ 314 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the statewide-plan statewide-plan 328 Premier of Victoria, ‘Further certainty for Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, Victorian tenants and landlords’ [media 293 Department of Health and Human 303 Department of Health and Human VIC, 2018, p. 22, https://transport.vic. release], 4 September 2020, www. Services, Statewide design, service and Services, Statewide design, service and gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria premier.vic.gov.au/further-certainty- infrastructure plan for Victoria’s health Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, victorian-tenants-and-landlords system 2017-2037, Melbourne, VIC, VIC, 2016, p. 94, www2.health.vic.gov. 315 VicRoads and Transport for Victoria, (accessed 14 September 2020) 2017, pp. 66-67, www2.health.vic.gov. au/hospitals-and-health-services/ Victoria's High Productivity Freight Vehicle (HPFV) networks, May 2020, au/hospitals-and-health-services/ health-system-design-planning/ 329 Premier of Victoria, ‘Inland Rail and https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/-/media/ health-system-design-planning/ statewide-plan Regional Rail Revival Agreements files/documents/business-and-industry/ statewide-plan Reached’ [media release], 16 March 304 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, ICT heavy-vehicle-maps/hpfv-access- 2018, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ 294 Better Care Victoria, ‘About the Better Strategic Planning in the Health Sector, conditions-consolidated-including-pbs- inland-rail-and-regional-rail-revival- Care Victoria Innovation Fund’ [website], Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www.audit.vic. level-2b-14052020.ashx? agreements-reached (accessed 8 2016, www.bettercare.vic.gov.au/ gov.au/sites/default/ September 2020) our-work/innovation-fund/about-the-fund files/20170524-Health-ICT-Planning.pdf 316 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, (accessed 14 September 2020) 330 Australian Rail Track Corporation, ‘Inland 305 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, ICT VIC, 2018, p. 32, https://transport.vic. Rail’ [website], https://inlandrail.artc.com. 295 Better Care Victoria, ‘About the Better Strategic Planning in the Health Sector, gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria au (accessed 8 September 2020) Care Victoria Innovation Fund’ [website], Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 19, www.audit. 317 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the 2016, www.bettercare.vic.gov.au/ vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 331 Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC), Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, our-work/innovation-fund/about-the-fund files/20170524-Health-ICT-Planning.pdf ‘Tottenham, Vic to Albury, NSW’ VIC, 2018, p. 32, https://transport.vic. (accessed 14 September 2020) [website], 2020, https://inlandrail.artc. 306 Australian Digital Health Agency, gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria com.au/T2A (accessed 8 September 296 Better Care Victoria, ‘Utilising telehealth Australia’s National Digital Health 2020) to bridge the gaps on young onset Strategy, Sydney, NSW, 2017, https:// 318 Department of Treasury and Finance, Victorian Budget 2018-19: Overview, dementia’ [website], 2016, www. conversation.digitalhealth.gov.au/ 332 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the Melbourne, VIC, 2018, https:// bettercare.vic.gov.au/our-work/ australias-national-digital-health-strategy Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ innovation-fund/innovation-projects/ VIC, 2018, p. 22, https://transport.vic. 307 Department of Health and Human budgetfiles201819.budget.vic.gov. Browse-all-projects-listing/ gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria utilising-telehealth-bridge-gaps-young- Services, Statewide design, service and au/2018-19+State+Budget+- onset-dementia (accessed 14 September Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, +Budget+Overview.pdf 333 Department of Transport, ‘Taxi and hire 2020) VIC, 2016, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ car reforms’ [website], https://transport. 319 Department of Treasury and Finance, hospitals-and-health-services/ vic.gov.au/getting-around/taxis-hire-car- Victorian Budget 2018-19: State Capital 297 Better Care Victoria, ‘Expansion of a health-system-design-planning/ and-ridesharing/industry-reforms Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 26 telemedicine model to the patient's statewide-plan (accessed 7 September 2020) home’ [website], 2016, www.bettercare. 320 Department of Treasury and Finance, vic.gov.au/our-work/innovation-fund/ 308 Department of Health and Human 334 Department of Transport, ‘Taxi and hire Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital innovation-projects/Browse-all-projects- Services, Statewide design, service and car reforms’ [website], https://transport. Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 76 listing/expansion-of-a-telemedicine- Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, vic.gov.au/getting-around/taxis-hire-car- www.dtf.vic.gov.au/2019-20-state- model (accessed 14 September 2020) VIC, 2016, p. 23, www2.health.vic.gov. and-ridesharing/industry-reforms budget/2019-20-state-capital-program au/hospitals-and-health-services/ (accessed 7 September 2020) health-system-design-planning/ statewide-plan 104 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
335 Better Care Victoria, ‘What does Better 348 Southern Rural Water, ‘MID2030 Phase 360 Level Crossing Removal Project and 372 Victorian Health and Human Services Care Victoria do?’ [website], www. 2’ [website], 2020, www.srw.com.au/ Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Building Authority, ‘New Footscray bettercare.vic.gov.au/about/ mid2030-phase2/ (accessed 14 ‘Prioritising future level crossing removals: Hospital Project – improving health what-does-bcv-do (accessed 28 August September 2020) Site prioritisation framework’ [website], outcomes in Melbourne’s inner west’ 2020) November 2018, https://levelcrossings. [website], 15 February 2019, www. 349 Department of Environment, Land, Water vic.gov.au/media/publications/ vhhsba.vic.gov.au/news/new-footscray- 336 Better Care Victoria, ‘Innovation fund: and Planning, ‘Sustainable Irrigation prioritising-future-level-crossing- hospital-project-improving-health- Application process’ [website], www. Future Initiative’ [website], www.water.vic. removals-site-prioritisation-framework# outcomes (accessed 2 September 2020) bettercare.vic.gov.au/our-work/ gov.au/planning/environmental- (accessed 14 September 2020) innovation-fund/application-process contributions/fourth-tranche-of-the- 373 Victorian Health and Human Services (accessed 28 August 2020) environmental-contribution/ 361 Level Crossing Removal Authority and Building Authority, ‘Consortia shortlisted sustainable-irrigation-program (accessed Transport for Victoria, Prioritising future to deliver new Footscray Hospital’ 337 Minister for Health, ‘Growing Our 9 September 2020) level crossing removals, Melbourne, VIC, [website], 16 October 2019, www. Regional Health Services’ [media release], October 2018,https://levelcrossings.vic. vhhsba.vic.gov.au/news/consortia- 1 November 2019, www.jennymikakos. 350 Victorian Government, 'Examine options gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ shortlisted-deliver-new-footscray-hospital com.au/media-releases/growing-our- for a single case-management data file/0011/342299/Extra-Crossings_ (accessed 2 September 2020) regional-health-services (accessed 28 system' [website] https://www.vic.gov.au/ Prioritisation-Framework.pdf August 2020) family-violence-recommendations/ 374 Department of Treasury and Finance, examine-options-single-case- 362 Rail Projects Victoria and the Major Victorian Budget 2016-17 State Capital 338 Minister for Health, ‘Growing Our management-data-system Transport Infrastructure Authority, Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, p. 52, Regional Health Services’ [media release], (accessed 31 January 2020) ‘Regional Rail Revival’ [website], https:// www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 1 November 2019, www.jennymikakos. transport.vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/ files/2018-04/state-budget-state-capital- com.au/media-releases/growing-our- 351 Court Services Victoria, ‘Case our-projects/regional-victoria/ program-bp4-2016-17.pd_.pdf regional-health-services (accessed 28 Management System Project’ [website], regional-rail-revival August 2020) July 2019, www.courts.vic.gov.au/ 375 Department of Health and Human projects/case-management-system- 363 Rail Projects Victoria and the Major Services, Statewide design, service and 339 Department of Health and Human project (accessed 14 September 2020) Transport Infrastructure Authority, Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, Services, ‘Regional Health Infrastructure ‘Shepparton Line Upgrade’ [website], VIC, 2016, p. 91, www2.health.vic.gov. Fund’ [website], www2.health.vic.gov.au/ 352 Department of Premier and Cabinet, https://regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/ au/hospitals-and-health-services/ hospitals-and-health-services/ Victorian Infrastructure Plan, 2017, p. 25, shepparton health-system-design-planning/ planning-infrastructure/regional-health- www.vic.gov.au/victorian-infrastructure- statewide-plan infrastructure-fund (accessed 28 August plan 364 Sport and Recreation Victoria, Home 2020) Ground Advantage: Victoria’s Major 376 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 353 Department of Environment, Land, Water Stadia Strategy, 2018, https://sport.vic. Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects 340 Department of Health and Human and Planning, Recycling Victoria, gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 50, Services, Statewide design, service and Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 12, www.vic. file/0025/55618/download.pdf www.vic.gov.au/victorian-infrastructure- infrastructure plan for Victoria’s health gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-02/ plan system 2017–2037, Melbourne, VIC, Recycling%20Victoria%20A%20new%20 365 Sport and Recreation Victoria, Home 2017, p. 10, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ economy.pdf Ground Advantage: Victoria’s Major 377 Department of Treasury and Finance, hospitals-and-health-services/ Stadia Strategy, 2018, p.7, https://sport. Victorian Budget 2016-17 State Capital health-system-design-planning/ 354 Sustainability Victoria, Statewide Waste vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, p. 55, statewide-plan and Resource Recovery Infrastructure file/0025/55618/download.pdf www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, www. files/2018-04/state-budget-state-capital- 341 Minister for Health, ‘Locals to Help Shape sustainability.vic.gov.au/about-us/ 366 Sport and Recreation Victoria, Home program-bp4-2016-17.pd_.pdf Flagship Community Hospitals’ [website], what-we-do/strategy-and-planning/ Ground Advantage: Victoria’s Major www.premier.vic.gov.au/locals-to-help- statewide-waste-and-resource-recovery- Stadia Strategy, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, 378 Department of Health and Human shape-flagship-community-hospitals infrastructure-plan, p. 62 pp. 11, 21, https://sport.vic.gov.au/__ Services, Statewide design, service and (accessed 28 August 2020) data/assets/pdf_file/0025/55618/ Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, 355 Sustainability Victoria, Statewide Waste download.pdf VIC, 2016, p. 91, www2.health.vic.gov. 342 Minister for Health, ‘Locals to Help Shape and Resource Recovery Infrastructure au/hospitals-and-health-services/ Flagship Community Hospitals’ [website], Plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, www. 367 Sport and Recreation Victoria, Home health-system-design-planning/ www.premier.vic.gov.au/locals-to-help- sustainability.vic.gov.au/about-us/ Ground Advantage: Victoria’s Major statewide-plan shape-flagship-community-hospitals/ what-we-do/strategy-and-planning/ Stadia Strategy, Melbourne, VIC , 2018, (accessed 28 August 2020) statewide-waste-and-resource-recovery- pp. 22-24, https://sport.vic.gov.au/__ 379 Minister for Health, ‘New beds open infrastructure-plan, p. 62 data/assets/pdf_file/0025/55618/ across Victoria in pandemic capacity 343 Department of Environment, Land, Water download.pdf boost’ [media release], 16 April 2020, and Planning, ‘Investment in Irrigation 356 Environment Protection Authority Victoria, www.premier.vic.gov.au/new-beds-open- Efficiency’ [website], www.water.vic.gov. Assessing planning proposals within the 368 Creative Victoria Act 2017 (Vic), s. 12 across-victoria-pandemic-capacity-boost au/water-for-agriculture/investment-in- buffer of a landfill, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, (accessed 2 September 2020) irrigation-efficiency (accessed 9 www.epa.vic.gov.au/about-epa/ 369 Creative Victoria, ‘About Creative State’ September 2020) publications/1642 [website], July 2019: https://creative.vic. 380 Department of Environment, Land, gov.au/creative-state/introduction Water and Planning, ‘Central Region 344 Premier of Victoria, ‘Delivering $48 million 357 Environment Protection Authority Victoria, (accessed 7 September 2020) Sustainable Water Strategy’ [website], 30 of water infrastructure projects’ [media ‘EPA Guidelines for Planning Proposals September 2019, www.water.vic.gov.au/ 370 Development Victoria, ‘Melbourne Arts release], 19 May 2020, www.premier.vic. within the buffer of Landfill Sites’ [media planning-and-entitlements/ Precinct: Overview’ [website], 2020, gov.au/delivering-48-million-water- release], 26 October 2017, www.epa.vic. long-term-assessments-and-strategies/ www.development.vic.gov.au/projects/ infrastructure-projects (accessed 16 gov.au/about-epa/news-media-and- sws/central-region-sustainable-water- melbourne-arts-precinct?page=overview September 2020) updates/news-and-updates/ strategy (accessed 27 August 2020) epa-guidelines-for-planning-proposals- (accessed 7 September 2020) 345 Southern Rural Water, ‘BMID within-the-buffer-of-landfill-sites 381 Department of Environment, Land, 371 Department of Treasury and Finance, Modernisation’ [website], 2020, www. (accessed 14 September 2020) Water and Planning, ‘Long-Term Water Victorian Budget 2020-21 Suburban srw.com.au/projects/bmid-modernisation Resource Assessment’ [website], Budget Information Paper, 2020, (accessed 14 September 2020) 358 Environment Protection Authority Victoria, www.water.vic.gov.au/planning-and- p. 2, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. Assessing planning proposals within the entitlements/long-term-assessments- 346 Southern Rural Water, ‘WID amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. buffer of a landfill, 2017, p. 4, www.epa. and-strategies/ltwra (accessed 28 Modernisation’ [website], 2020, www. budget.vic.gov.au/2020- vic.gov.au/about-epa/publications/1642 August 2020) srw.com.au/projects/wid-modernisation 21+State+Budget+-+Suburban.pdf (accessed 14 September 2020) 359 Environment Protection Authority Victoria, 382 Melbourne Water, Melbourne Water Assessing planning proposals within the System Strategy, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, 347 Premier of Victoria, ‘Delivering $48 million buffer of a landfill, 2017, p. 4, www.epa. www.melbournewater.com.au/sites/ of water infrastructure projects’ [media vic.gov.au/about-epa/publications/1642 default/files/2017-09/Melbourne-Water- release], 19 May 2020, www.premier.vic. System-Strategy_0.pdf gov.au/delivering-48-million-water- infrastructure-projects (accessed 16 September 2020) Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 105
383 Melbourne Water, Melbourne Water 397 Department of Transport, Fishermans 410 Department of Health and Human 421 Department of Economic Development, System Strategy, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, Bend Integrated Transport Plan, Services, 'Royal Commission into Jobs, Transport and Regions, Growing www.melbournewater.com.au/sites/ Melbourne, VIC, October 2017, p. 12, Victoria's Mental Health System interim our rail network 2018-2025, 2018, default/files/2017-09/Melbourne-Water- www.fishermansbend.vic.gov.au/__data/ report' [website], November 2019, www. https://transport.vic.gov.au/-/media/ System-Strategy_0.pdf, p. 103 assets/pdf_file/0020/31673/ dhhs.vic.gov.au/news/royal-commission- tfv-documents/planning/growing-our-rail- Fishermans-Bend-Integrated-Transport- victorias-mental-health-system-interim- network-2018-2025.pdf 384 Major Road Projects Victoria, ‘CityLink Plan-Final.docx.pdf report (accessed 14 September 2020) Tulla Widening’ [website], 2020, https:// 422 Department of Economic Development, roadprojects.vic.gov.au/projects/ 398 Department of Transport, Fishermans 411 Royal Commission into Victoria's Mental Jobs, Transport and Regions, Growing citylink-tulla-widening (accessed 14 Bend Integrated Transport Plan, Health System, 'Interim report' [website], our rail network 2018-2025,2018, p. 10, September 2020) Melbourne, VIC, October 2017, p. 13, 2020, https://rcvmhs.vic.gov.au/ https://transport.vic.gov.au/-/media/ www.fishermansbend.vic.gov.au/__data/ interim-report (accessed 14 September tfv-documents/planning/growing-our-rail- 385 Rail Projects Victoria and Major Transport assets/pdf_file/0020/31673/ 2020) network-2018-2025.pdf Infrastructure Authority, ‘Melbourne Fishermans-Bend-Integrated-Transport- Airport Rail: Project Overview’ [website], Plan-Final.docx.pdf 412 Premier of Victoria, ‘Major overhaul of 423 Department of Economic Development, July 2020, https://airportrail.vic.gov.au/ bus contracts to put passengers first’ Jobs, Transport and Regions, Growing about/project-overview (accessed 15 399 Rail Projects Victoria, ‘Ballarat Line [media release], 16 February 2017, www. our rail network 2018-2025, Melbourne, September 2020) Upgrade’ [website], 2020, https:// premier.vic.gov.au/major-overhaul-of-bus- VIC, 2018, p. 8, https://transport.vic.gov. regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/ballarat contracts-to-put-passengers-first au/-/media/tfv-documents/planning/ 386 Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, (accessed 7 September 2020) (accessed 14 September 2020) growing-our-rail-network-2018-2025.pdf ‘Melbourne Airport Rail Link’ [website], 2020, https://infrastructurepipeline.org/ 400 Transport for Victoria, Western Rail Plan, 413 Department of Treasury and Finance, 424 Department of Treasury and Finance, project/melbourne-airport-rail-link Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 8, https:// Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service Victorian Budget 2018-19: Overview, (accessed 17 September 2020) bigbuild.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 40, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 15, https:// file/0007/453067/Western-Rail-Plan- www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ 387 Minister for Public Transport, ‘Plan to October-2018.pdf files/2018-02/state-budget-service- budgetfiles201819.budget.vic.gov. partner with the private sector on Airport delivery-bp3-2017-18.pdf au/2018-19+State+Budget+- Rail’ [media release], 30 April 2017, 401 Transport for Victoria, Western Rail Plan, +Budget+Overview.pdf https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/ Melbourne, VIC, 2018, pp. 5, 8, 12, 414 Department of Treasury and Finance, plan-partner-private-sector-airport-rail https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service 425 Department of Treasury and Finance, pdf_file/0007/453067/Western-Rail-Plan- Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 25, Victorian Budget 2019-20: Overview, 388 Australian Minister for Urban October-2018.pdf www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 11, https:// Infrastructure, ‘Melbourne to Tullamarine files/2018-05/2018-19%20State%20 s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Airport rail Link one step closer with $30 402 Department of Treasury and Finance, Budget%20-%20Service%20Delivery_0. budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. million business case’ [media release], 11 Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital pdf au/2019-20+State+Budget+- May 2017 Program, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 5, 157 +Budget+Overview.pdf 415 Department of Treasury and Finance, 389 Department of Treasury and Finance, 403 Rail Projects Victoria, ‘Regional Rail’ Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service 426 Department of Transport, ‘New train and Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service [website], 2020, https://regionalrailrevival. Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 101, tram orders’ [website], 2020, https:// Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 11, 21 vic.gov.au/ballarat (accessed 7 https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. transport.vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/ September 2020) com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. our-projects/new-and-upgraded-trains- 390 Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, au/2019-20+State+Budget+- and-trams/new-train-and-tram-orders ‘Melbourne Airport Rail Link’ [website], 404 Department of Premier and Cabinet, +Service+Delivery.pdf (accessed 14 September 2020) 2020, https://infrastructurepipeline.org/ Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2019 project/melbourne-airport-rail-link Update, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 19 416 Department of Treasury and Finance, 427 Department of Treasury and Finance, (accessed 17 September 2020) Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service Suburban Budget Information Paper, 405 Department of Health and Human Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 101, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 5, www.dtf.vic. 391 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Services, Statewide design, service and https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. gov.au/sites/default/files/2018-02/ 'Melbourne Airport Rail' [website], Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. state-budget-suburban-bip-2017-18.pdf https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ VIC, 2016, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ au/2019-20+State+Budget+- melbourne-airport-rail (accessed 28 hospitals-and-health-services/ +Service+Delivery.pdf 428 Department of Treasury and Finance, November 2020) health-system-design-planning/ Victorian Budget 2017-18: Overview, statewide-plan 417 Department of Treasury and Finance, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 9, www.dtf.vic. 392 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service gov.au/sites/default/files/2018-02/ ‘Melbourne Airport Rail’ [website], https:// 406 Department of Health and Human Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 101, state-budget-overview-2017-18.pdf bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ Services, Statewide design, service and https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. melbourne-airport-rail (accessed 28 Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. 429 Department of Treasury and Finance, November 2020) VIC, 2016, p. 10, www2.health.vic.gov. au/2019-20+State+Budget+- Victorian Budget 2018-19: Overview, au/hospitals-and-health-services/ 2018, p. 15, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. 393 Premier of Victoria, 'Melbourne Airport +Service+Delivery.pdf health-system-design-planning/ amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201819. Rail to create jobs for years to come' statewide-plan 418 Public Transport Victoria, ‘South Yarra budget.vic.gov.au/2018-19+State+ [media release] 21 November 2020, Station Upgrade’ [website], 2020, www. Budget+-+Budget+Overview.pdf https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/ 407 Department of Health and Human ptv.vic.gov.au/footer/about-ptv/ melbourne-airport-rail-create-jobs- Services, Statewide design, service and improvements-and-projects/ 430 Department of Treasury and Finance, years-come Infrastructure Plan 2017-37, Melbourne, train-stations/south-yarra-station- Victorian Budget 2018-19: State Capital VIC, 2016, p. 41, www2.health.vic.gov. Program, 2018, p.3, https:// 394 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, upgrade (accessed 14 September 2020) au/hospitals-and-health-services/ s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ 'Melbourne Airport Rail' [website], https:// health-system-design-planning/ 419 Department of Treasury and Finance budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ statewide-plan Victoria, Victorian Budget 2018-19: au/2019-20+State+Budget+- melbourne-airport-rail (accessed 28 Service Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 20, +State+Capital+Program.pdf November 2020) 408 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Drug 37, https://www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/ rehabilitation plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, 431 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 395 Premier of Victoria, 'Melbourne Airport default/files/2018-05/2018-19%20 p. 6, www2.health.vic.gov.au/ ‘North East Link Project: Project FAQs’ Rail to create jobs for years to come' State%20Budget%20-%20Service% alcohol-and-drugs/aod-treatment- [website], 2020, https://northeastlink.vic. [media release] 21 November 2020, 20Delivery_0.pdf services/drug-rehabilitation-plan gov.au/about/faqs (accessed 14 https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/ 420 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, September 2020) melbourne-airport-rail-create-jobs- 409 Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental ‘Level Crossing Removal Project’ years-come Health System, Interim Report, [website], 2020, https://bigbuild.vic.gov. 432 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, https://rcvmhs. ‘North East Link Project: About’ [website], 396 Transport for Victoria, Western Rail Plan, au/projects/level-crossing-removal- vic.gov.au/download_file/view_inline/2195 2020, https://northeastlink.vic.gov.au/ Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 5, https:// project (accessed 29 November 2020) about (accessed 14 September 2020) bigbuild.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0007/453067/Western-Rail-Plan- October-2018.pdf 106 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
433 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 442 Department of Environment, Land, Water 454 Australian Department of Infrastructure, 466 Parks Victoria, Managing Country ‘Corridor selection’ [website], 2020, and Planning, Recycling Victoria A New Transport, Regional Development and Together Framework, 2019, p. 17, https://northeastlink.vic.gov.au/planning/ Economy, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. Communications, ‘Outer Metropolitan/E6 https://www.parks.vic.gov.au/-/media/ corridor-selection (accessed 17 vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling-victoria, Corridor Preservation’ [website], project/pv/main/parks/documents/ September 2020) p.12 (accessed 25 August 2020) September 2020, https://investment. managing-country-together/ infrastructure.gov.au/projects/ parks-victoria-managing-country- 434 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 443 Department of Environment, Land, Water ProjectDetails.aspx?Project_id=100541- together-framework.pdf ‘Deciding where to build North East Link’ and Planning, Recycling Victoria A New 18VIC-MRD (accessed 16 September [factsheet], https://northeastlink.vic.gov. Economy, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. 2020) 467 Department of Environment, Land, au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/409606/ vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling-victoria, Water and Planning, ‘Accounting for NELP0234DecidingWheretoBuild-NEL. p.27 (accessed 25 August 2020) 455 Infrastructure Australia, ‘Corridor the Environment’ [website], 31 March pdf (accessed 17 September 2020) preservation for Melbourne Outer 2020, www.environment.vic.gov.au/ 444 Sustainability Victoria, ‘Victorian organics Metropolitan Ring Road/E6’ [website], accounting-for-the-environment 435 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, resource recovery strategy’ [website], www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/map/ (accessed 14 September 2020) ‘North East Link Project: Timeline’ 2020, www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/ corridor-preservation-melbourne-outer- [website], 2020, https://northeastlink.vic. About-us/What-we-do/Strategy-and- metropolitan-ring-roade6 (accessed 16 468 Parks Victoria, Valuing Victoria’s Parks - gov.au/about/timeline-2 (accessed 14 planning/Victorian-organics-resource- September 2020) Report Summary, Melbourne, VIC, 2015, September 2020) recovery-strategy (accessed 14 p. 2, www.forestsandreserves.vic.gov. September 2020) 456 Department of Environment, Land, au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/57175/ 436 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Water and Planning, Plan Melbourne Valuing-Victorias-Parks-Summary.pdf ‘North East Link Project: Timeline’ 445 Sustainability Victoria, Victorian Organics 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. [website], 2020, https://northeastlink.vic. Resource Recovery Strategy, Melbourne, 16, 68, 81, www.planmelbourne.vic. 469 Department of Premier and Cabinet, gov.au/about/timeline-2 (accessed 14 VIC, 2015, www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/ gov.au Victorian Infrastructure Plan: Projects September 2020) About-us/What-we-do/Strategy-and- Pipeline 2019-20, 2019, p. 66, www.vic. planning/Victorian-organics-resource- 457 Department of Environment, Land, gov.au/victorian-infrastructure-plan 437 Department of Treasury and Finance, recovery-strategy, pp. 2-3 Water and Planning, Plan Melbourne Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital 2017-2050, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 470 Victorian Government, ‘Increasing Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 76, 446 Sustainability Victoria, ‘Victorian organics 68, 75, www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au connection with the community’ https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. resource recovery strategy’ [website], [website], June 2019, https:// com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. 2020, www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/ 458 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on securing communitysafety.vic.gov.au/ au/2019-20+State+Budget+- About-us/What-we-do/Strategy-and- Victoria’s ports capacity, Melbourne, VIC, increasing-connection-to-the-community +State+Capital+Program.pdf planning/Victorian-organics-resource- 2017, pp.20, 113, 135, www. (accessed 14 September 2020) recovery-strategy (accessed 14 infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 438 Department of Transport, ‘Local transport September 2020) uploads/2019/04/Securing_Victorias_ 471 Victorian Government, ‘Making Victoria in Victoria’ [website], 2020, https:// Ports_Capacity_WEB-1.pdf safer’ [website], 2019, p. 23, https:// transport.vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/ 447 Department of Treasury and Finance, communitysafety.vic.gov.au/ (accessed our-projects/regional-victoria/ Victorian Budget 2018-19: State Capital 459 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the 14 September 2020) regional-network-development-plan/ Program, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 2, 12, 13 Goods: Victorian Freight Plan, Melbourne, local-transport-in-victoria#:~:text=Flexible VIC, 2018, p. 32, https://transport.vic. 472 Premier of Victoria, ‘State-Of-The-Art %20Local%20Transport%20Solutions 448 Department of Premier and Cabinet, gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria Victoria Police HQ One Step Closer’ %20program,-Some%20initiatives%20 Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2019 [media release], 19 August 2019, www. or&text=The%20program%20provides Update, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 13, 460 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the premier.vic.gov.au/state-art-victoria- %20financial%20support,options%20 www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Goods: Victorian Freight Plan, Melbourne, police-hq-one-step-closer and%20improve%20transport%20 files/2019-11/DPC-IRP-Victorian- VIC, 2018, p. 47, https://transport.vic. 473 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the access. (accessed 14 September 2020) Infrastructure-Plan-Document-2019- gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria Update.pdf Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, 439 Department of Transport, ‘Local transport 461 Parks Victoria, Valuing Victoria’s Parks – VIC, 2018, p. 19, 39, 42, https:// in Victoria’ [website], 2020, https:// 449 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, Accounting for ecosystems and valuing transport.vic.gov.au/ports-and-freight/ transport.vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/ ‘Suburban Roads Upgrade’ [website], their benefits: Report of first phase freight-victoria our-projects/regional-victoria/ 2020, https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ findings, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, p. 9, 474 Department of Transport, 'Port Rail regional-network-development-plan/ suburban-roads-upgrade-program www.parks.vic.gov.au/about-us/ Shuttle' [website], https://transport.vic. local-transport-in- (accessed 7 September 2020) valuing-victorias-parks gov.au/our-transport-future/our-projects/ victoria#:~:text=Flexible%20Local%20 450 Australian Treasury, Australian Budget 462 Parks Victoria, Valuing Victoria’s Parks – port-rail-shuttle (accessed 28 November Transport%20Solutions%20 2019-20: Budget Measures, Canberra, Accounting for ecosystems and valuing 2020) program,-Some%20initiatives%20 ACT, 2019, p. 141, https://budget.gov. their benefits: Report of first phase or&text=The%20program%20 au/2019-20/content/bp2/download/bp2. findings, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, p. 8, 475 Port of Melbourne, Our Plan for Rail, provides%20financial%20 pdf www.parks.vic.gov.au/about-us/ Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 13, www. support,options%20and%20improve%20 valuing-victorias-parks portofmelbourne.com/wp-content/ transport%20access. (accessed 14 451 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, uploads/PoM-Our-Plan-for-Rail-2020.pdf September 2020) ‘Suburban Roads Upgrade’ [website], 463 Engage Victoria, ‘Land Management 2020, https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ Strategy’ [website], 2019, https://engage. 476 Port of Melbourne, 2050 Port 440 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on suburban-roads-upgrade-program vic.gov.au/lms (accessed 14 September Development Strategy, Melbourne, VIC, recycling and resource recovery, (accessed 7 September 2020) 2020) 2020, www.portofmelbourne.com/ Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. wp-content/uploads/PoM-PDS-2020- infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 452 VicRoads, ‘Outer metropolitan ring/E6 464 Parks Victoria, ‘Conservation Action Edition-For-Publication.pdf uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- transport corridor’ [website], September Plans’ [website] www.parks.vic.gov.au/ and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. 2020, www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/ get-into-nature/conservation-and- 477 Department of Health and Human pdf planning-and-projects/melbourne-road- science/conserving-our-parks/ Services, Homes for Victorians, projects/outer-metropolitan-ring-e6- conservation-action-plans (accessed 14 Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www.vic.gov.au/ 441 Department of Environment, Land, Water transport-corridor (accessed 14 September 2020) sites/default/files/2019-08/ and Planning, Recycling Victoria A New September 2020) Homes-for-Victorians.pdf, pp. 4, 33 Economy, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. 465 Department of Environment, Land, Water vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling-victoria 453 VicRoads, ‘Outer metropolitan ring/E6 and Planning, Protecting Victoria’s 478 Department of Health and Human (accessed 25 August 2020) transport corridor’ [website], September Environment- Biodiversity 2037, Services, ‘Social housing pipeline’ 2020, www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/ Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 39-45, www. [website], www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/ planning-and-projects/melbourne-road- environment.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ social-housing-pipeline (accessed 14 projects/outer-metropolitan-ring-e6- pdf_file/0022/51259/Protecting-Victorias- September 2020) transport-corridor (accessed 14 Environment-Biodiversity-2037.pdf 479 Victorian Public Tenants Association, September 2020) ‘Olympia – The model for public housing?’ [website] https://vpta.org.au/ olympia-the-model-for-public-housing/ (accessed 9 September 2020) Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 107
480 Department of Health and Human 491 Department of Education and Training, 504 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 516 Department of Transport, ‘New train and Services, Homes for Victorians, ‘School Operations: Community Use Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2017, tram orders’ [website], https://transport. Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www.vic.gov.au/ of Schools — Hiring, Licensing and Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 36, www.vic. vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/ sites/default/files/2019-08/ Community Joint Use Agreements’ gov.au/sites/default/files/2018-12/ our-projects/new-and-upgraded-trains- Homes-for-Victorians.pdf, pp. 4, 34 [website], www2.education.vic.gov.au/ Victorian%20Infrastructure%20Plan.pdf and-trams/new-train-and-tram- pal/community-use-schools-hiring- orders#:~:text=50%20E%2DClass%20 481 Department of Health and Human licensing-and-community-joint-use- 505 Department of Health and Human trams&text=The%20new%20 Services, 'Almost $500 million social agreements/policy (accessed 14 Services, Absolutely everyone: State E%2DClass%20trams,with%20 housing boost to strengthen our September 2020) disability plan 2017-2020, Melbourne, mobility%20aids%20or%20prams economy and provide stability for VIC, 2017, p. 24, www.statedisabilityplan. (accessed 27 August 2020) Victorians' [website] https://www.dhhs. 492 Department of Education and Training, vic.gov.au/application/ vic.gov.au/news/social-housing-boost-to- ‘School Operations: Community Use of files/2314/8062/9382/1610033_ 517 Department of Treasury and Finance, strengthen-our-economy (accessed 9 Schools — Hiring, Licensing and Victorian_state_disability_plan_2017- Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service September 2020) Community Joint Use Agreements’ 2020_Text_WEB.pdf Delivery, 2019, p. 100 [website], www2.education.vic.gov.au/ 482 Homes Victoria, Victoria's Big Housing pal/community-use-schools-hiring- 506 Department of Transport, Accessible 518 Department of Transport, Connecting Build, 2020, www.vic.gov.au/sites/ licensing-and-community-joint-use- Public Transport Action Plan 2013-2017, regional Victoria: Victoria’s Regional default/files/2020-11/hv_more_homes_ agreements/policy (accessed 14 Melbourne, VIC, 2013, p. 3, https:// Network Development Plan, Melbourne, for_more_Victorians_0.pdf September 2020) transport.vic.gov.au/about/planning/ VIC, 2016, p. 27, https://transport.vic. accessible-public-transport-action- gov.au/our-transport-future/our-projects/ 483 Department of Treasury and Finance, 493 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, plan-2013-17 regional-victoria/regional-network- Victorian Budget 2016-17: Service Managing Surplus Government development-plan Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, p. 70 Land, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, 507 V/Line, Accessibility Action Plan www.audit.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 2019-2022, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 5, 519 Department of Transport, Victorian 484 Department of Environment, Land, Water files/2018-03/180308-Surplus- www.vline.com.au/getattachment/ Government submission: 2017 Review of and Planning, ‘Public Library Programs’ Government-Land.pdf cceff0fc-a6fc-4e46-a0bb- the Disability Standards for Accessible [website], www.localgovernment.vic.gov. b535831ccbe5/Accessibility-Action-Plan Public Transport 2002, 2019, p. 9, au/funding-programs/public-library- 494 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, www.infrastructure.gov.au/transport/ funding (accessed 14 September 2020) Managing Surplus Government Land, 508 Public Transport Victoria, disabilities/files/39-Victorian_Government. Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 8, www.audit. ‘Public Transport Access Committee’ pdf 485 Australian Continuous Improvement vic.gov.au/sites/default/ [website], www.ptv.vic.gov.au/footer/ Group, Evaluation of the Living Libraries files/2018-03/180308-Surplus- legal-and-policies/public-transport- 520 Department of Treasury and Finance, Infrastructure Program (report for the Government-Land.pdf access-committee/ (accessed 27 August Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital Department of Environment, Land, Water 2020) Program, 2019, p. 4, https:// and Planning), 8 October 2018, p. 5, 495 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ www.localgovernment.vic.gov.au/__data/ Managing Surplus Government Land, 509 M. Kenny, ‘Make public transport budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. assets/pdf_file/0041/394988/ Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 8, www.audit. accessible to all’, Victorian Council of au/2019-20+State+Budget+- LLIP-Evaluation-Report-October-2018. vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Social Services, 9 January 2019, https:// +State+Capital+Program.pdf pdf files/2018-03/180308-Surplus- vcoss.org.au/analysis/2019/01/ Government-Land.pdf make-public-transport-accessible-to-all/ 521 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, 486 Department of Environment, Land, Water Public Transport Performance, and Planning, ‘Rural Councils ICT 496 Department of Environment, Land, Water 510 T. Jacks, ‘Trapped on a 96 tram: No Melbourne, VIC, 2012, www.audit.vic. Infrastructure Support Program’ and Planning, ‘Government Land accessible stops added an hour to gov.au/report/public-transport- [website], www.localgovernment.vic.gov. Planning Service’ [website], 2020, www. 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[website], www.dtf.vic.gov.au/ ‘Accessibility of tram services’ [website], vcoss.org.au/wp-content/ localgovernment.vic.gov.au/__data/ government-land-sales/land-being- March 2020, www.audit.vic.gov.au/ uploads/2018/09/Empowering_Lives_ assets/pdf_file/0030/469344/ prepared-future-sale (accessed 14 report/accessibility-tram-services, web.pdf Rural-Councils-ICT-Infrastructure- September 2020) (accessed 27 August 2020) Support-Program1.pdf 523 Department of Treasury and Finance, 498 Department of Treasury and Finance, 512 Deloitte, Infrastructure Capability Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service 488 Department of Treasury and Finance, ‘Land Currently for Sale’ [website], 2018, Assessment: Transport (report for Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 115, Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service www.dtf.vic.gov.au/government-land- Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, p. 58, www. https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 79, sales/land-currently-sale (accessed 14 infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. September 2020) uploads/2019/04/160229-Transport- au/2019-20+State+Budget+- com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Final-1.pdf +Service+Delivery.pdf au/2019-20+State+Budget+- 499 Victorian Government, ‘GovMap’ +Service+Delivery.pdf [website], 2020, https://govmap.land.vic. 513 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Making 524 Department of Treasury and Finance gov.au/ (accessed 14 September 2020) Public Transport More Accessible for Victoria, Victorian Budget 2019-20: 489 Department of Environment, Land, Water People Who Face Mobility Challenges, Service Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on 500 Victorian Planning Authority, ‘Greenfields’ Melbourne, VIC, 2009, p.2, www.audit. p. 100, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. Progress 2018, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. [website], 2020, https://vpa.vic.gov.au/ vic.gov.au/sites/default/ amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201920. 35, www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__ greenfield (accessed 14 September files/091209-Disability-Transport-Full- budget.vic.gov.au/2019- data/assets/pdf_file/0017/507212/ 2020) report.pdf 20+State+Budget+-+Service+Delivery. Report-on-Progress-2018.pdf pdf 501 Disability Discrimination Act 1992 514 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, 490 Department of Environment, Land, Water (Commonwealth) ‘Accessibility of tram services’ [website], 525 Department of Treasury and Finance, and Planning, Plan Melbourne, Report on March 2020, www.audit.vic.gov.au/ Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital 502 Disability Standards for Accessible Public Progress 2018, Melbourne, VIC, p. 35, report/accessibility-tram-services Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 157, Transport 2002 (Commonwealth) www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/ (accessed 27 August 2020) https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. assets/pdf_file/0017/507212/ com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. 503 Department of Transport, Victorian 515 Department of Treasury and Finance, Report-on-Progress-2018.pdf au/2019-20+State+Budget+- Government submission: 2017: Review Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service +State+Capital+Program.pdf of the Disability Standards for Accessible Delivery, 2019, pp. 107, 115 Public Transport 2002, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 7-10, www.infrastructure.gov. au/transport/disabilities/files/39-Victorian_ Government.pdf 108 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
526 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on 538 Department of Treasury and Finance, 549 Australian Department of Infrastructure 562 Australian Department of Infrastructure recycling and resource recovery, Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital Regional Development and Cities, ‘Swan Regional Development and Cities, ‘South Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. Program, 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. Hill Bridge’ [website], 2020, https:// Geelong to Waurn Ponds Rail Upgrade infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 157, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. investment.infrastructure.gov.au/projects/ – Stages 2 and 3’ [website], February uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201920. ProjectDetails.aspx?Project_id=100628- 2020, https://investment.infrastructure. and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. budget.vic.gov.au/2019- 18VIC-RSI (accessed 14 September gov.au/projects/ProjectDetails. pdf 20+State+Budget+- 2020) aspx?Project_id=097121-17VIC-NP +State+Capital+Program.pdf (accessed 14 September 2020) 527 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on 550 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, recycling and resource recovery, 539 Department of Treasury and Finance, ‘Regional Rail Revival’ [website], 2020, 563 Rail Projects Victoria and Major Transport Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 30, www. Victorian Budget 2017-18: Rural and https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ Infrastructure Authority, ‘Avon River infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ Regional, 2017, p. 11, www.dtf.vic.gov. regional-rail-revival (accessed 9 Bridge’ [website], September 2020, uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- au/sites/default/files/2018-02/ September 2020) https://regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/ and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. state-budget-rural-and-regional- gippsland/avon-river-bridge (accessed 14 pdf bip-2017-18.pdf 551 Rail Projects Victoria and Major Transport September 2020) Infrastructure Authority, ‘Gippsland Line 528 Department of Economic Development, 540 Department of Treasury and Finance, Upgrade’ [website], 2020, https:// 564 Premier of Victoria, ‘Better Rail Signalling Jobs, Transport and Resources Victoria’s Victorian Budget 2018-19: Rural and regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/gippsland and Improved Facilities for Bendigo’ Social Procurement Framework, Regional, p. 13 https://s3-ap- (accessed 14 September 2020) [media release], 18 October 2019, www. Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 8, www. southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ premier.vic.gov.au/better-rail-signalling- buyingfor.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ budgetfiles201819.budget.vic.gov. 552 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, and-improved-facilities-bendigo files/2018-08/Victorias-Social- au/2018-19+State+Budget+- ‘Cranbourne Line Upgrade’ [website], (accessed 14 September 2020) Procurement-Framework.PDF +Rural+and+Regional.pdf 2020, https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ cranbourne-line-upgrade (accessed 14 565 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 529 Sustainability Victoria, ‘Market 541 Department of Treasury and Finance, September 2020) ‘Regional Rail Revival’ [website], 2020, development for recovered resources’ Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ [website], 2020, www.sustainability.vic. Delivery, p. 26, https://s3-ap- 553 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on securing regional-rail-revival (accessed 14 gov.au/Business/Market-development southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Victoria’s ports capacity, Melbourne, VIC, September 2020) (accessed 24 August 2020) budgetfiles201819.budget.vic.gov. 2017, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ au/2018-19+State+Budget+- wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ 566 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 530 Major Road Projects Victoria, 'Recycled +Service+Delivery.pdf Securing_Victorias_Ports_Capacity_ ‘Western Rail Plan’ [website], 2020, First' [website] https://roadprojects.vic. WEB-1.pdf https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ gov.au/about/recycled-first (accessed 29 542 Department of Treasury and Finance, western-rail-plan (accessed 14 November 2020) Victorian Budget 2019-20: Rural and 554 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the September 2020) Regional, 2019, p. 5, https:// Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, 531 Department of Environment, Land, Water s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ VIC, 2018, https://transport.vic.gov.au/ 567 Department of Treasury and Finance, and Planning, Recycling Victoria A New budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. ports-and-freight/freight-victoria Victorian Budget 2016-17: Rural and Economy, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 34, au/2019-20+State+Budget+- Regional, 2016, p.11, http:// 555 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the www.vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling- +Rural+and+Regional.pdf budgetfiles201617.budget.vic.gov. victoria (accessed 25 August 2020) Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, au/2016-17+State+Budget+- 543 Regional Roads Victoria ‘About Regional VIC, 2018, p. 22, https://transport.vic. +Rural+and+Regional.pdf 532 Department of Environment, Land, Water Roads Victoria’ [website], 2018, https:// gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria and Planning, Integrated Water regionalroads.vic.gov.au/about-us 568 Department of Treasury and Finance, 556 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Freight Management Framework for Victoria, (accessed 14 September 2020) Victorian Budget 2017-18: Rural and Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 9, www.water. outcomes from Regional Rail Upgrades, Regional, 2017, p. 8, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/ vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ 544 Parliament of Victoria (Law Reform, Road Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p.35, www.audit. sites/default/files/2018-02/ file/0022/81544/DELWP-IWM- and Community Safety Committee), vic.gov.au/report/freight-outcomes- state-budget-rural-and-regional- Framework-FINAL-FOR-WEB.pdf Inquiry into VicRoads’ management of regional-rail-upgrades bip-2017-18.pdf country roads: Interim Report, 557 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Freight 533 Department of Environment, Land, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, www.parliament. 569 Department of Treasury and Finance, outcomes from Regional Rail Upgrades, Water and Planning, 'Integrated Water vic.gov.au/file_uploads/LRRCSC_58-04_ Victorian Budget 2018-19: Rural and Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www.audit.vic. Management Forums' [website] www. Text_WEB_sn9mqH6Q.pdf Regional, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 12, water.vic.gov.au/liveable/integrated- gov.au/report/freight-outcomes-regional- https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. water-management-program/forums 545 Regional Roads Victoria, ‘Map’ [website], rail-upgrades com/budgetfiles201819.budget.vic.gov. (accessed 9 November 2020) https://regionalroads.vic.gov.au/map au/2018-19+State+Budget+- 558 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Freight (accessed 14 September 2020) +Rural+and+Regional.pdf 534 Department of Environment, Land, Water outcomes from Regional Rail Upgrades, and Planning, ‘Review on the use of 546 Australian Department of Infrastructure Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www.audit.vic. 570 Department of Treasury and Finance, recycled water’ [website], 1 July 2019, Regional Development and Cities, ‘Roads gov.au/report/freight-outcomes-regional- Victorian Budget 2019-20: Rural and www.water.vic.gov.au/liveable/ of Strategic Importance Initiative’ rail-upgrades Regional, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 4, using-alternative-water-sources/ [website], 2020, https://investment. https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. 559 Department of Transport, 'Key freight review-on-the-use-of-recycled-water infrastructure.gov.au/files/roads-of- com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. projects: Murray Basic Rail Project' (accessed 14 September 2020) strategic-importance-initiative- au/2019-20+State+Budget+- [website], 2020, https://transport.vic. investment-principles.pdf (accessed 14 +Rural+and+Regional.pdf. gov.au/ports-and-freight/key-freight- 535 Department of Environment, Land, Water September 2020) and Planning, ‘Review on the use of projects#sts=Murray%20Basin%20 571 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, recycled water’ [website], 1 July 2019, 547 Australian Department of Infrastructure Rail%20Project (accessed 26 Maintaining state controlled roadways, www.water.vic.gov.au/liveable/ Regional Development and Cities, October 2020) Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www.audit.vic. using-alternative-water-sources/ ‘Western Highway - Complete the gov.au/report/maintaining-state- 560 Department of Transport, Regional review-on-the-use-of-recycled-water Duplication Between Ballarat and Stawell’ controlled-roadways?section=32166-- Network Development Plan, Melbourne, (accessed 14 September 2020) [website], 2019, https://investment. audit-overview VIC, 2016, https://transport.vic.gov.au/ infrastructure.gov.au/projects/ our-transport-future/our-projects/ 536 Department of Treasury and Finance, ProjectDetails.aspx?Project_id=100596- 572 Parliament of Victoria (Law Reform, Road regional-victoria/regional-network- Victorian Budget 2018-19: Overview, 18VIC-NP (accessed 14 September and Community Safety Committee), development-plan Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 20, https:// 2020) Inquiry into VicRoads management of s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ country roads: Interim Report, 561 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, budgetfiles201819.budget.vic.gov. 548 Australian Department of Infrastructure Melbourne, VIC, p. 17, www.parliament. ‘Regional Rail Revival’ [website], 2020, au/2018-19+State+Budget+- Regional Development and Cities, vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/ https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects/ +Budget+Overview.pdf ‘Goulburn Valley Highway - Shepparton lrrcsc/VicRoads_Country_Roads/ regional-rail-revival (accessed 14 Bypass Stage 1’ [website], 2019, https:// LRRCSC_58-04_Text_WEB.pdf September 2020) 537 Department of Treasury and Finance, investment.infrastructure.gov.au/projects/ Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service ProjectDetails.aspx?Project_id=100585- Delivery, 2018, Melbourne, VIC, p. 26, 18VIC-NP (accessed 14 September www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 2020) files/2018-05/2018-19%20State%20 Budget%20-%20Service%20Delivery_ 0.pdf Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 109
573 Regional Roads Victoria, ‘About Regional 586 Department of Treasury and Finance, 598 Parliament of Victoria, ‘Inquiry into 611 Minister for Families and Children, Roads Victoria’ [website], https:// Victorian Budget 2018-19: Suburban Auditor-General’s Report No. 253: ‘Families and Children’ (presentation to regionalroads.vic.gov.au/about-us Information Paper, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, Managing School Infrastructure 2017’ the Parliament of Victoria (Public (accessed 14 September 2020) p. 10, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. [website], 29 September 2019, www. Accounts and Estimates Committee)), amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201819. parliament.vic.gov.au/paec/inquiries/ Melbourne, VIC, 30 May 2017, slide 6, 574 Department of Transport, Trains, Trams, budget.vic.gov.au/2018- inquiry/985 (accessed 20 August 2020) www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/ Jobs 2015-2025: Victorian Rolling Stock 19+State+Budget+-+Suburban.pdf stories/committees/paec/2017-18_ Strategy, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, https:// 599 Victorian School Building Authority, Budget_Estimates/presentations/ transport.vic.gov.au/our-transport-future/ 587 Department of Treasury and Finance, ‘About us’ [website], www. Families_and_Children_ our-projects/new-and-upgraded-trains- Victorian Budget 2019-20: Suburban schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/Pages/ presentation_2017-18_BEH.pdf and-trams/victorian-rolling-stock-strategy Information Paper, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, About-Us.aspx (accessed 2 September p. 7, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. 2020) 612 Victorian School Building Authority, 575 Department of Treasury and Finance, amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201920. ‘Kindergarten on and next door to school Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service budget.vic.gov.au/2019- 600 Municipal Association of Victoria, Public sites’ [website], June 2020, www. Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, pp. 42, 20+State+Budget+-+Suburban.pdf Accounts and Estimates Committee schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/Pages/ 49, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Parliamentary Inquiry into Managing KindergartenSchoolSites.aspx (accessed files/2018-02/state-budget-service- 588 Regional Roads Victoria, ‘About Regional School Infrastructure: MAV Response, 14 September 2020) delivery-bp3-2017-18.pdf Roads Victoria’ [website], https:// January 2020, p. 13, www.mav.asn. regionalroads.vic.gov.au/about-us au/__data/assets/word_ 613 Victorian School Building Authority, 576 Department of Premier and Cabinet, (accessed 22 September 2020) doc/0003/24537/PAEC-Response- ‘Kindergarten on and next door to school Victorian Infrastructure Plan Projects School-Planning-16-January-2020.docx sites’ [website], June 2020, www. Pipeline, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 19, 589 Regional Roads Victoria, ‘Maintenance’ schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/Pages/ www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ [website], https://regionalroads.vic.gov. 601 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, KindergartenSchoolSites.aspx (accessed files/2019-11/DPC-IRP-Victorian- au/about-us/maintenance (accessed 22 Managing School Infrastructure, 14 September 2020) Infrastructure-Plan-Document-2019- September 2020) 2017, p. 13, www.audit.vic.gov.au/sites/ Update.pdf default/iles/20170511-School- 614 Victorian School Building Authority, 590 Regional Roads Victoria, ‘Fixing Country Infrastructure.pdf ‘Building Blocks’, [website], June 2020, 577 Department of Environment, Land, Water Roads Program’ [website], https:// www.schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/Pages/ and Planning, 2020-21 Growing Suburbs regionalroads.vic.gov.au/about-us/ 602 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Building-Blocks.aspx (accessed 14 Fund: Application Guidelines, Melbourne, fixing-country-roads-program (accessed Managing School Infrastructure, 2017, September 2020) VIC, 2020, p.6, www.localgovernment. 22 September 2020) p. 13, www.audit.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ files/20170511-School-Infrastructure.pdf 615 Victorian School Building Authority, file/0041/468788/Growing-Suburbs- 591 Department of Transport, ‘Building ‘Building Blocks Grants – Improvement’ Fund-2021-v3.pdf Works’ [website], https://transport.vic. 603 Australian Education Union (Victorian [website], August 2020, www. gov.au/coronavirus-disease-covid-19/ Branch), Submission to the Victorian schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/Pages/ 578 Department of Environment, Land, Water building-works (accessed 22 September Parliament’s Public Accounts and Building-Blocks-Grants-Improvement. and Planning, 2020-21 Growing Suburbs 2020) Estimates Committee Inquiry into the aspx (accessed 14 September 2020) Fund: Application Guidelines, Melbourne, Victorian Auditor-General’s report no.253: VIC, 2020, p.6, www.localgovernment. 592 Department of Transport, ‘Movement and Managing School Infrastructure 2017, 616 Department of Education and Training, vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Place’ [website], Melbourne, VIC, 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www.parliament. ‘Community Use of Schools – Hiring, file/0041/468788/Growing-Suburbs- www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/traffic-and- vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/ Licensing and Community Joint Use Fund-2021-v3.pdf road-use/traffic-management/ paec/Inquiry_into_Auditor-Generals_ Agreements’ [website] www2.education. movement-and-place (accessed 14 report_No._253_Managing_School_ vic.gov.au/pal/community-use-schools- 579 Victorian School Building Authority, September 2020) Infrastructure_2017/Submissions/8._ hiring-licensing-and-community-joint-use- ‘Building Blocks Grants – Capacity Australian_Education_Union.pdf agreements/policy (accessed 10 593 Department of Treasury and Finance, Building’ [website], 2020, www. September 2020) schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/Pages/ Victorian Budget 2017-18: Overview, 604 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Building-Blocks-Grants-Capacity.aspx 2017, p. 44, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/ Victorian Infrastructure Plan, Melbourne, 617 Premier of Victoria, ‘Victoria’s Solar (accessed 7 September 2020) default/files/2018-02/state-budget- VIC, 2017, p.30, www.vic.gov.au/ Revolution Hits 30,000 Homes’ [media service-delivery-bp3-2017-18.pdf victorian-infrastructure-plan release], 9 April 2019, www.premier.vic. 580 Department of Environment, Land, Water gov.au/victorias-solar-revolution-hits- 594 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, and Planning, ‘Regional Riparian Action 605 Department of Treasury and Finance, 30000-homes/ (accessed 14 September ‘North East Link: Busway’ [website], Plan’ [website], 26 November 2019, Department of Education and Training 2020) www.water.vic.gov.au/waterways-and- 2020, https://northeastlink.vic.gov.au/ 2017-18 Annual Report, Melbourne, VIC, catchments/riparian-land/riparian-land/ design/design/busway (accessed 14 2019, p. 10 www.education.vic.gov.au/ 618 Solar Victoria, ‘Become an approved how-is-riparian-land-managed/ September 2020) about/department/Pages/annualreports. provider’ [website], Melbourne, VIC, regional-riparian-action-plan aspx June 2020, www.solar.vic.gov.au/ 595 Department of Premier and Cabinet, become-approved-provider (accessed 14 Victorian Infrastructure Plan, Melbourne, 581 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 606 Premier of Victoria, ‘Securing the best September 2020) Victorian Infrastructure Plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 66, www.vic.gov.au/sites/ and brightest teachers for our kids’ VIC, 2017, p. 25, www.vic.gov.au/sites/ default/files/2018-12/Victorian%20 [media release], 2 May 2017, www. 619 Department of Environment, Land, Water default/files/2018-12/Victorian%20 Infrastructure%20Plan.pdf premier.vic.gov.au/securing-the-best- and Planning, ‘Victorian Energy Upgrades Infrastructure%20Plan.pdf and-brightest-teachers-for-our-kids – Targets’ [website], 2020, https:// 596 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, (accessed 14 September August 2020) engage.vic.gov.au/victorian-energy- Managing School Infrastructure, 582 Department of Environment, Land, Water upgrades/targets (accessed 14 Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www.audit.vic. and Planning, ‘Water for Victoria’ 607 Department of Education and Training, September 2020) [website], 6 March 2020, www.water.vic. gov.au/sites/default/ ‘Find my school’ [website], www. gov.au/water-for-victoria files/20170511-School-Infrastructure.pdf findmyschool.vic.gov.au (accessed 2 620 Department of Environment, Land, September 2020) Water and Planning, Regulatory Impact 597 Victorian Auditor-General's Office, 583 Department of Treasury and Finance, Statement: Victorian Energy Efficiency Managing School Infrastructure, 2017, ‘Western Roads Upgrade’ [website], 608 Victorian School Building Authority, Target Amendment (Prescribed https://www.audit.vic.gov.au/report/ 2020, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/partnerships- ‘Relocatable Building Program fact Customers and Targets) Regulations managing-school-infrastructure victoria-ppp-projects/western-roads- sheet’, Melbourne, VIC, March 2019, 2020, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, https:// upgrade (accessed 14 September 2020) www2.education.vic.gov.au/pal/ s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ relocatable-buildings/resources hdp.au.prod.app.vic-engage.files/ 584 Major Road Projects Victoria, ‘Projects’, 1615/7550/6831/Final_Regulatory_ 2020, https://roadprojects.vic.gov.au/ 609 Victorian School Building Authority, Impact_Statement_2019_-_Main_ projects (accessed 14 September 2020) ‘Relocatable Building Program fact Text.pdf sheet’, Melbourne, VIC, March 2019, p.2, 585 Department of Treasury and Finance, www2.education.vic.gov.au/pal/ Victorian Budget 2017-18: Suburban relocatable-buildings/resources Information Paper, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 6, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ 610 Department of Treasury and Finance, files/2018-02/state-budget-suburban- Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service bip-2017-18.pdf Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 61 110 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
621 Department of Environment, Land, Water 632 Department of Environment, Land, Water 645 Premier of Victoria, ‘Keeping Victorians 660 M. Terrill, Right time, right place, right and Planning, ‘Renewable energy and and Planning, ‘Improving Stormwater Moving During Coronavirus’ [media price, Grattan Institute, Melbourne, VIC, energy efficiency in Victorian Energy Management’ [website], 2 June 2019, release], 29 June 2020, www.premier.vic. 2019, https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/ Upgrades’ [fact sheet], January 2020, www.water.vic.gov.au/liveable/ gov.au/keeping-victorians-moving-during- uploads/2019/10/924-Right-time-right- https://s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. stormwater (accessed 14 September coronavirus (accessed 14 September place-right-price-high-res.pdf; M. Terrill, com/hdp.au.prod.app.vic-engage. 2020) 2020) Why it’s time for congestion charging, files/5615/7923/9991/Consultation_ Grattan Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, factsheet_-_renewables_in_VEU.pdf 633 Environment Protection Authority Victoria, 646 Department of Treasury and Finance, https://grattan.edu.au/wp-content/ ‘Urban stormwater management Victorian Budget 2017-18: Service uploads/2019/10/923-Why-its-time-for- 622 Premier of Victoria, ‘Major overhaul of guidelines’ [website], August 2020, www. Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 40, congestion-charging.pdf bus contracts to put passengers first’ epa.vic.gov.au/for-business/find-a-topic/ www.dtf.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ [media release], 16 February 2017,www. prevent-water-pollution/urban- files/2018-02/state-budget-service- 661 Infrastructure Partnerships Australia, premier.vic.gov.au/major-overhaul-of-bus- stormwater-management-guidelines delivery-bp3-2017-18.pdf Road User Charging for Electric contracts-to-put-passengers-first (accessed 14 September 2020) Vehicles, Sydney, NSW, 2019, https:// (accessed 14 September 2020) 647 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, infrastructure.org.au/wp-content/ 634 Melbourne Water, ‘Introduction to WSUD’ ‘Disruptions’ [website], https://bigbuild. uploads/2019/11/Road-User-Charging- 623 T. Jacks, ‘Extension to Transdev bus [website], 28 September 2017, www. vic.gov.au/disruptions (accessed 11 for-Electric-vehicles-1.pdf contract cut short as 100 new buses melbournewater.com.au/planning-and- September 2020) promised’, The Age, 15 December 2018, building/stormwater-management/ 662 New South Wales Treasury, NSW Review www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/ introduction-wsud (accessed 14 648 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, of Federal Financial Relations: Final extension-to-transdev-bus-contract-cut- September 2020) ‘Disruptions’ [website], https://bigbuild. Report, Sydney, NSW, 2020, pp. 85-95, short-as-100-new-buses-promised- vic.gov.au/disruptions (accessed 11 https://www.treasury.nsw.gov.au/sites/ 20181214-p50mcg.html (accessed 14 635 Department of Education and Training, September 2020) default/files/2020-10/FFR%20Final%20 September 2020) ‘About Tech Schools’ [website], 2020, Report%20-%20200828%20%281%29. 649 Department of Transport, ‘About’ www.education.vic.gov.au/about/ pdf 624 Department of Treasury and Finance, programs/learningdev/techschools/ [website], 2020, https://transport.vic.gov. Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service Pages/aboutechschools.aspx#link74 au/about (accessed 14 September 2020) 663 Victorian Health and Human Services Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, pp. 100, 101, (accessed 14 September 2020) Building Authority, ‘Universal design’ 650 Department of Treasury and Finance, 107 [website], June 2020, www.vhhsba.vic. Victorian Budget 2017-18: Overview, 636 Department of Education and Training, gov.au/universal-design (accessed 27 Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 9, www.dtf.vic. 625 Department of Environment, Land, Water ‘About Tech Schools’ [website], 2020, August 2020) and Planning, ‘Improving Stormwater www.education.vic.gov.au/about/ gov.au/sites/default/files/2018-02/ Management Advisory Committee’ programs/learningdev/techschools/ state-budget-overview-2017-18.pdf 664 Victorian School Building Authority, [website], 2018, https://engage.vic.gov. Pages/aboutechschools.aspx#link74 ‘Inclusive Schools Fund’ [website], 651 Department of Treasury and Finance, au/improving-stormwater-management- (accessed 14 September 2020) August 2020, www.schoolbuildings.vic. Victorian Budget 2018-19: Service advisory-committee (accessed 14 gov.au/Pages/Inclusive-Schools-Fund. Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, pp. 20, September 2020) 637 Rail Projects Victoria and the Major aspx (accessed 27 August 2020) Transport Infrastructure Authority, 37, 38, www.dtf.vic.gov.au/ 626 Department of Environment, Land, Water ‘Geelong Line Upgrade’ [website], previous-budgets/2018-19-state-budget 665 Sport and Recreation Victoria, ‘Design for and Planning, ‘Improving Stormwater https://regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/ everyone guide’ [website], May 2017, 652 KPMG and Arup, MABM Fact Sheet Management Advisory Committee’ geelong (accessed 9 September 2020) https://sport.vic.gov.au/publications-and- (developed for Infrastructure Victoria), [website], 2018, https://engage.vic.gov. resources/design-everyone-guide 2019, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ au/improving-stormwater-management- 638 Rail Projects Victoria and the Major (accessed 27 August 2020) wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ advisory-committee (accessed 14 Transport Infrastructure Authority, KPMG-MABM-fact-sheet.pdf September 2020) Community Update: Geelong Upgrade, 666 Victorian Health and Human Services 2018, https://transport.vic.gov.au/-/ Building Authority, ‘Universal design’ 653 Infrastructure Victoria, ‘Melbourne 627 Department of Environment, Land, Water media/tfv-documents/regional-rail/ [website], June 2020, www.vhhsba.vic. activity-based model’ [website], www. and Planning, Amendment VC154 rrr-geelong-factsheet.pdf gov.au/universal-design (accessed 27 infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ Stormwater Management, 2018, p. 1, August 2020) melbourne-activity-based-model www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ 639 Rail Projects Victoria and the Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 667 Department of Health and Human pdf_file/0033/398715/PAN75- 654 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on ‘Geelong Line Upgrade’ [website], Services, Absolutely everyone: State Amendment-VC154-Stormwater- Automated and Zero Emissions Vehicles https://regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/ disability plan 2017-2020, Melbourne, Management.pdf Infrastructure, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, pp. geelong (accessed 9 September 2020) VIC, 2017, www.statedisabilityplan.vic. 5, 91, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ 628 Department of Environment, Land, Water gov.au/application/ wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ and Planning, ‘Improving Stormwater 640 Premier of Victoria, ‘Labor government’s files/2314/8062/9382/1610033_ Advice-on-automated-and-zero- Management' [website] https://www. Regional Rail Revival continues’ [media Victorian_state_disability_plan_2017- emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf water.vic.gov.au/liveable/stormwater release], 2 May 2017, www.premier.vic. 2020_Text_WEB.pdf gov.au/labor-governments-regional-rail- (accessed 14 September 2020) 655 Infrastructure Victoria, Good Move: Fixing revival-continues (accessed 14 668 Department of Transport, Accessible Transport Congestion, 2020, www. 629 Department of Environment, Land, Water September 2020) Public Transport Action Plan 2013-2017, infrastructurevictoria.com.au/report/ and Planning, ‘Improving Stormwater Melbourne, VIC, 2013, https://transport. executive-summary Management Advisory Committee’ 641 City of Greater Geelong, ‘Our vision for vic.gov.au/about/planning/ Armstrong Creek’ [website], July 2020, [website], 2018, https://engage.vic.gov. 656 Infrastructure Victoria, Fair Move: Better accessible-public-transport-action- www.geelongaustralia.com.au/ au/improving-stormwater-management- Public Transport Fares for Melbourne, plan-2013-17 armstrongcreek/armstrong/article/ advisory-committee (accessed 14 2020, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au September 2020) item/8d3dd7069eb92cd.aspx (accessed 669 Department of Health and Human 9 September 2020) 657 Infrastructure Victoria, Good Move: Fixing Services, Absolutely everyone: State 630 Department of Environment, Land, Water Transport Congestion, 2020, www. disability plan 2017-2020, Melbourne, 642 Department of Premier and Cabinet, and Planning, ‘Improving Stormwater infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ VIC, 2017, www.statedisabilityplan.vic. Victorian Infrastructure Plan: Projects Management Advisory Committee’ uploads/2020/03/Good-Move-fixing- gov.au/application/ Pipeline Update, 2019, p. 31, www.vic. [website], 2018, https://engage.vic.gov. transport-congestion-Infrastructure- files/2314/8062/9382/1610033_ gov.au/victorian-infrastructure-plan au/improving-stormwater-management- Victoria.pdf Victorian_state_disability_plan_2017- advisory-committee (accessed 14 2020_Text_WEB.pdf 643 Department of Treasury and Finance, September 2020) 658 Infrastructure Victoria, Fair Move: Better Victorian Budget 2019-20: State Capital Public Transport Fares for Melbourne, 670 Department of Health and Human Program, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 76, 631 Department of Environment, Land, Water 2020, https://www.infrastructurevictoria. Services, Absolutely everyone: State https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. and Planning, Amendment VC154 com.au/project/fair-move-better-public- disability plan 2017-2020, Melbourne, com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Stormwater Management, 2018, p. 1, transport-fares-for-melbourne/ VIC, 2017, p. 34, www.statedisabilityplan. www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ au/2019-20+State+Budget+- vic.gov.au/application/ pdf_file/0033/398715/PAN75- +State+Capital+Program.pdf 659 City of Melbourne, Transport Strategy files/2314/8062/9382/1610033_ Amendment-VC154-Stormwater- 2030, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, https:// Victorian_state_disability_plan_2017- 644 Major Roads Projects Victoria, Management.pdf s3.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/hdp. 2020_Text_WEB.pdf ‘Streamlining Hoddle Street’ [website], au.prod.app.com-participate. https://roadprojects.vic.gov.au/projects/ files/2315/7239/7355/Transport_ 671 Victorian Health and Human Services streamlining-hoddle-street (accessed 17 Strategy_2030.pdf Building Authority, ‘Changing Places September 2020) inspires a welcome change to the Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix D 111
National Construction Code’ [website], 5 and prescribed waste levies’ [website], 694 Minister for Water, ‘Greater Transparency 707 Australian Department of Infrastructure, May 2019, www.vhhsba.vic.gov.au/news/ Melbourne, VIC, 2020, https://ref.epa.vic. to Support Irrigators’ [media release], 13 Transport, Regional Development and changing-places-inspires-welcome- gov.au/business-and-industry/guidelines/ December 2019, www.premier.vic.gov. Communications, ‘Business Case of change-national-construction-code landfills-guidance/landfill-and-prescribed- au/greater-water-transparency-to- Melbourne Inland Rail Intermodal waste-levies.html#Changes (accessed 14 support-irrigators-0 (accessed 14 Terminal’ [website], September 2020, 672 Victorian School Building Authority, September 2020) September 2020) https://investment.infrastructure.gov.au/ ‘Inclusive Kindergartens Facilities projects/ProjectDetails.aspx?Project_ Program’ [website], www. 684 Department of Environment, Land, Water 695 Department of Environment, Land, Water id=100571-18VIC-MRL (accessed 14 schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/Pages/ and Planning, Recycling Victoria: A New and Planning, Victorian Water Market September 2020) Inclusive-Kindergartens-Facilities- Economy, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 29, Effectiveness, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, Program.aspx (accessed 27 August www.vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling- https://waterregister.vic.gov.au/images/ 708 Department of Transport, ‘Key freight 2020) victoria (accessed 25 August 2020) documents/Effectiveness%20of%20 projects’ [website], 2020, https:// Victorias%20water%20markets_final%20 transport.vic.gov.au/ports-and-freight/ 673 Department of Treasury and Finance, 685 Department of Environment, Land, Water report.pdf key-freight-projects (accessed 14 Victorian Budget 2019-20: Service and Planning, Turning waste into energy: September 2020) Delivery, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 31, Join the discussion, Melbourne, VIC, 696 Department of Environment, Land, Water 38 2020, https://s3.ap-southeast-2. and Planning, Delivering Water for 709 Shadow Minister for Infrastructure, amazonaws.com/hdp.au.prod.app. Victoria, 2018, www.water.vic.gov. Transport, Cities and Regional 674 Department of Premier and Cabinet, vic-engage.files/9415/0897/9363/ au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0033/391497/ Development, ‘Labor will fund Wollert Rail Victorian Infrastructure Plan, Melbourne, Turning_waste_into_energy_-_Final.pdf Delivering-Water-for-Victoria-Progress- Feasibility Study’ [media release], 8 May VIC, 2017, p. 65, www.vic.gov.au/sites/ Report-web-20180919.pdf, p. 51 2019, www.andrewgiles.com.au/ default/files/2018-12/Victorian%20 686 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on media-centre/media-releases/ Infrastructure%20Plan.pdf recycling and resource recovery, 697 Department of Environment, Land, Water labor-will-fund-wollert-rail-feasibility-study Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. and Planning, Closing the Loop (accessed 14 September 2020) 675 Australian Department of Industry, infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ Report- Water Market Transparency, Innovation and Science, Review of the uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- Melbourne, VIC, 2019, https://s3. 710 City of Whittlesea, 2019-20 Federal Disability (Access to Premises- Buildings) and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/hdp. Government Pre-Budget submission, Standards 2010, Canberra, ACT, 2016, pdf au.prod.app.vic-engage. South Morang, VIC, 2019, p.3, https:// pp. 58, 68, www.industry.gov.au/sites/ files/2615/7619/0878/Closing_the_loop-_ treasury.gov.au/sites/default/ default/files/July%202018/document/pdf/ 687 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on Consultation_summary_report-_Water_ files/2019-03/360985-Whittlesea-City- review_of_the_disability_access_to_ recycling and resource recovery, market_transparency.pdf Council.pdf premises-buildings_standards_2010_ Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 81, www. report.pdf infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 698 Department of Treasury and Finance, uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service 676 Rail Projects Victoria and Major Transport and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, Infrastructure Authority, ‘Regional Rail pdf pp. 49, 52, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. Revival: About’ [website], 2020, https:// amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. regionalrailrevival.vic.gov.au/about 688 Department of Environment, Land, Water budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ (accessed 7 September 2020) and Planning, Integrated Water Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf Management Framework for Victoria, 677 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www.water.vic. 699 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on Victorian Infrastructure Plan 2019 gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Securing Victoria’s ports capacity, Update, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 18, file/0022/81544/DELWP-IWM- 2017,www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Framework-FINAL-FOR-WEB.pdf project/securing-victorias-ports-capacity files/2019-11/DPC-IRP-Victorian- Infrastructure-Plan-Document-2019- 689 Department of Environment, Land, Water 700 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on Update.pdf and Planning, Integrated Water Securing Victoria’s ports capacity, Management Framework for Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2017,p. 4, www. 678 Sustainability Victoria, Statewide Waste Melbourne, VIC, 2017, p. 13 www.water. infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ and Resource Recovery Infrastructure vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ uploads/2019/04/Securing_Victorias_ Plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, www. file/0022/81544/DELWP-IWM- Ports_Capacity_WEB-1.pdf sustainability.vic.gov.au/about-us/ Framework-FINAL-FOR-WEB.pdf what-we-do/strategy-and-planning/ 701 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on statewide-waste-and-resource-recovery- 690 Department of Environment, Land, Water Securing Victoria’s ports capacity, infrastructure-plan and Planning, ‘Melbourne Urban Melbourne, VIC, 2017,p. 16, www. Stormwater Institutional Arrangements infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 679 Sustainability Victoria, Statewide Waste Review (MUSIA)’ [website], 3 June 2020, uploads/2019/04/Securing_Victorias_ and Resource Recovery Infrastructure www.water.vic.gov.au/liveable/ Ports_Capacity_WEB-1.pdf Plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, www. stormwater-review (accessed 14 sustainability.vic.gov.au/about-us/ September 2020) 702 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the what-we-do/strategy-and-planning/ Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, statewide-waste-and-resource-recovery- 691 Department of Environment, Land, Water VIC, 2018, https://transport.vic.gov.au/ infrastructure-plan and Planning, ‘Review on the use of ports-and-freight/freight-victoria recycled water’ [website], 1 July 2019, 680 Sustainability Victoria, ‘Regional Waste www.water.vic.gov.au/liveable/ 703 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the and Resource Recovery Infrastructure using-alternative-water-sources/ Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, Plans’ [website], www.sustainability.vic. review-on-the-use-of-recycled-water VIC, 2018, p. 31, https://transport.vic. gov.au/About-us/What-we-do/ (accessed 14 September 2020) gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria Strategy-and-planning/Regional-Waste- and-Resource-Recovery-Implementation- 692 Department of Environment, Land, Water 704 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the Plans (accessed 14 September 2020) and Planning, ‘Review on the use of Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, recycled water’ [website], 1 July 2019, VIC, 2018, pp. 39, 42, https://transport. 681 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on www.water.vic.gov.au/liveable/ vic.gov.au/ports-and-freight/ recycling and resource recovery, using-alternative-water-sources/ freight-victoria Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. review-on-the-use-of-recycled-water 705 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ (accessed 14 September 2020) uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. 693 Department of Environment, Land, Water VIC, 2018, https://transport.vic.gov.au/ pdf and Planning, Closing the Loop Report ports-and-freight/freight-victoria - Water Market Transparency, Melbourne, 706 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the 682 Department of Environment, Land, Water VIC, 2019, https://s3.ap-southeast-2. Goods: Victorian freight plan, Melbourne, and Planning, Recycling Victoria: A New amazonaws.com/hdp.au.prod.app. VIC, 2018, p. 31, https://transport.vic. Economy, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, www. vic-engage.files/2615/7619/0878/ gov.au/ports-and-freight/freight-victoria vic.gov.au/transforming-recycling-victoria Closing_the_loop-_Consultation_ (accessed 25 August 2020) summary_report-_Water_market_ transparency.pdf 683 Environment Protection Authority, ‘Landfill 112 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Appendix E
State of infrastructure
Under the Infrastructure Victoria Act 2015, the 30-year infrastructure strategy must include an assessment of the current state of infrastructure in Victoria. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 113
Introduction
Under the Infrastructure Victoria Act Managing uncertainty is a key challenge recognition of the growing pressures related 2015, the 30-year infrastructure strategy across all infrastructure – such as the to climate change to adapt infrastructure, it must include an assessment of the impact and recovery from the COVID-19 is critical that asset management improves current state of infrastructure in Victoria. pandemic, climate change and so this infrastructure lasts the distance. technological change, as well as In 2016, Infrastructure Victoria undertook managing existing assets. a comprehensive assessment of each infrastructure sector, known as Infrastructure The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced 01. Transport Capability Assessments, for the following extra uncertainty in future population, sectors: demographic and economic projections, which underline most public infrastructure Overview 1. Culture, civic, sport, recreation needs. The pandemic has also introduced Victoria’s transport network facilitates and tourism1 changes to people’s behaviour, and we the movement of people and goods 2. Education and training2 do not know if these changes will be through an interconnected system, sustained in the long term. This adds encompassing roads (including private 3. Energy3 further complexity for infrastructure use and commercial transport, buses and 4. Health and human services4 and future needs. cycling), paths (walking and cycling), heavy rail (passenger and freight), light 5. Information and communication Climate change has major implications rail (trams), ports and airports.17 technology5 for Victoria’s infrastructure, from both a mitigation and an adaptation perspective. 6. Justice and emergency services6 Currently there are 19 million trips made Victoria has committed to net zero each day in Victoria and this could increase 7 7. Science, agriculture and environment emissions by 2050. Global greenhouse to 30 million by 2050.18 Freight volumes 8. Transport8 gas emissions from human activities must from Melbourne are expected to nearly fall to net zero by 2050 to have a 50% triple by 2050, and regional Victoria to 9 9. Water and waste chance of keeping warming below 2oC.12 nearly double.19 A summary report was also prepared.10 Current infrastructure is a major emitter of greenhouse gases from its direct The Transport Integration Act 2010 (the Act) In updating the 30-year infrastructure operations, from the materials used in its sets the authorising environment to provide strategy, we are complementing and construction, and from the activities it an integrated and sustainable transport building upon these assessments with a enables.13,14 Infrastructure built today will system that contributes to an inclusive, summary of each infrastructure sector’s also need to function in a warmer, drier prosperous and environmentally responsible 20 current key challenges and opportunities. climate and face more extreme weather State. The Act also sets the objectives These state of infrastructure assessments over coming decades, affecting both its of the transport system. They encompass are based on the Victorian Government’s operation and the demand for the services social and economic inclusion, economic categorisation of infrastructure sectors from it provides.15,16 prosperity, environmental sustainability, the Victorian Infrastructure Plan,11 namely: integration of transport and land use, Technology changes rapidly and can alter efficiency, coordination and reliability 1. Transport how Victorians use infrastructure and how and safety, and health and wellbeing.21 governments deliver services, affecting the 2. Culture, sport and community need for infrastructure. It can also assist Governance 3. Digital connectivity governments to better manage infrastructure. It presents both a challenge The Australian Government is responsible 4. Education and training and an opportunity for infrastructure. for national roads, rail, maritime and aviation 5. Energy transport. It also funds nationally significant Lastly, asset management presents a transport projects. The National Transport 6. Environment significant opportunity across all sectors to Commission is responsible for developing, 7. Health and human services get full value from existing infrastructure, monitoring and maintaining uniform and upgrade and renew infrastructure to or nationally consistent regulatory and 8. Justice and emergency services continue meeting the changing needs of operational reforms relating to road, rail 9. Water Victorians over time. Given that most of the and intermodal transport.22 infrastructure Victorians will use in 30 years’ time is already in place today, and in 114 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
The Victorian Government is responsible for Local roads maintained by local Challenges and opportunities overseeing the management, development government make up 85% of Victoria’s road Challenges and operation of arterial roads, freeways network.26 Local transport infrastructure and public transport network. It has includes local roads, bridges, footpaths A growing population creates extra established an integrated Department of and cycle paths. Many community transport transport demand, which can lead to a Transport which incorporates the previously services, parking spaces and signage more congested transport network. separate agencies of Public Transport are also planned and delivered by Congestion creates challenges for the 23 Victoria and VicRoads. local government. Victorian Government to manage. Victoria’s population and economy have grown The Major Transport Infrastructure Authority VicTrack is an independent statutory rapidly in recent years, putting pressure on oversees the development and construction authority that owns Victoria’s transport land, land use and transport infrastructure. The of major transport projects.24 assets and infrastructure. Its core functions COVID-19 pandemic has introduced extra include telecommunications services and uncertainty in future projections. Victoria’s road network includes 25,000 infrastructure supporting public transport, carriageway kilometres of arterial roads, managing land set aside for rail transport For example, road congestion may worsen over 3,180 bridges, 3,500 other structures, purposes, project management and as COVID-19 restrictions are lifted, and and more than 3,400 sets of traffic signals engineering services for rail upgrades and public transport use is likely to remain down and other electrical signals. The total 27 transport facilities and asset management. in the short to medium term to support estimated asset pavement replacement social distancing. In the longer term, public value is $12.9 billion plus $8 billion for The responsibility for operating metropolitan transport patronage is more uncertain, earthworks (30 June 2016).25 Melbourne’s trains and trams is contracted particularly if more people choose to work to private operators under franchise and study from home, and walking and Several of Melbourne’s arterial roads and agreements: freeways are maintained and operated by cycling become more popular. private consortiums. The roads that are \ Metro Trains is responsible for operating When preparing this draft strategy, we operated by private consortiums are: Melbourne’s train network. It operates undertook strategic transport modelling and 226 six-carriage trains across 998 generated 12 different future scenarios for \ CityLink kilometres of track, transporting 450,000 Victoria’s population, employment, land use Transurban is responsible for operating customers each day. Metro Trains and transport infrastructure. Different and maintaining Citylink which is tolled. operates 15 lines, across 222 stations.28 CityLink connects Melbourne's Monash, scenarios allowed us to examine how West Gate, and Tullamarine Freeways. It \ Yarra Trams is operated by Keolis transport network problems and challenges also connects the city centre with Downer and is responsible for operating manifest under different future Melbourne’s major airport and port. Melbourne’s tram network. It operates circumstances. Scenarios differed in 475 trams across 250 kilometres of timeframe, population growth, level of \ EastLink double track.29 infrastructure investment, distribution of ConnectEast is responsible population and jobs and land use planning for operating and maintaining EastLink. Melbourne’s buses are privately operated. settings. You can find more detail about the EastLink is a 39-kilometre tollway, There are around 350 regular bus routes individual scenarios and transport modelling connecting the Eastern, Monash, servicing Melbourne.30 V/Line is responsible results in the Problem Definition Modelling Frankston and Peninsula Link Freeways. for providing regional coach services, as Outcomes report, available at well as rail services. \ Peninsula Link infrastructurevictoria.com.au. Southern Way is responsible for the Four major commercial ports operate in Our modelling scenarios give us insights operation and maintenance of Peninsula Victoria at Melbourne, Geelong, Hastings into some potential changes, such as lower Link. Peninsula Link is a toll-free and Portland. Victorian Ports Corporation population growth than previous 27-kilometre road link between EastLink Melbourne manages commercial navigation projections. COVID-19 is expected to lead at Carrum Downs and the Mornington of the channels in Melbourne port waters, to lower than projected population growth Peninsula Freeway at Mount Martha. waterside emergency and marine pollution in the short to medium term, yet there is a response and the management of Station \ Melbourne’s arterials need to plan and deliver transport Pier as Victoria’s premier cruise shipping in western suburbs infrastructure that will be able to meet facility. The Victorian Regional Channels 260 kilometres of roads in Victoria’s transport needs now and into the Authority manages commercial navigation Melbourne’s west are maintained future. We are undertaking more modelling of the channels in port waters at Geelong and operated by Netflow. to examine further behavioural change and and Hastings and oversees channel potential consequences from COVID-19 for management for the Port of Portland.31 the final strategy. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 115
Our recent strategic transport modelling Figure 1: The train network is projected to become crowded without further indicates transport network pressures are investment beyond current government commitments by 2036 expected to occur on both the road and rail network in metropolitan Melbourne in peak periods. Across all tested scenarios by 2051, total motorised trips, including private vehicles, freight and public transport, could potentially increase between 60% and 100% from today’s demand. Private vehicle trips could increase by between 25% and 42% by 2036 alone. Road congestion rises even faster than demand, with the total distance driven in congested traffic potentially increasing by 51% to 98% in the same period. Road congestion during the middle of the day in 2051 is expected to be worse than the morning peak today across all scenarios.
Public transport use grows even faster than road trips. Our modelling scenarios estimated public transport daily trips would grow by about 38% to 62% between 2018 and 2036, with train trips growing the fastest in all our scenarios. By 2036, the train network is likely to be heavily Not full Approaching capacity Over capacity congested in the west, north and northeast of Melbourne without further investment beyond current government commitments, In regional Victoria, transport challenges productivity. Freight terminals and port using official population projections (see manifest very differently compared to capacity are necessary to meet the growing Figure 1). metropolitan areas. Regional Victoria is freight demand and are vital for an efficient home to relatively dispersed populations freight network. The Port of Melbourne is Transport infrastructure provides access with large distances between them. Victoria’s only container port33 and a second to opportunities, such as employment. Transport infrastructure and services are major container port will not be required Melbourne’s inner suburbs have the highest important to harness the economic until the Port of Melbourne reaches concentration of jobs, however most of strengths of regional areas, such as approximately 8 million TEU which, based Melbourne’s population growth is expected agriculture and better connect people to on Infrastructure Victoria’s analysis, is likely to occur in outer areas. Some of the outer jobs, goods, services and each other. to be around 2055.34 After which, building areas of Melbourne have underdeveloped Projected population and freight growth will a second container port at Bay West networks, which could reduce access to also create the need to deliver new and becomes economically competitive employment opportunities. Inadequate upgraded roads, bridges and freeways in with further expansion.35 provision of transport infrastructure can parts of regional Victoria. contribute to poor outcomes for people. Key challenges for growing freight volumes In addition, the mismatch between Across Victoria, freight volumes are include increasing urbanisation, particularly employment and population growth predicted to increase from around 360 around the Port of Melbourne and could exacerbate social inequality across million tonnes in 2014 to nearly 900 million Melbourne’s inner west. As ports take a metropolitan Melbourne. Transport network tonnes in 2051.32 An efficient freight network long time to develop, and are a key node in improvements could provide part of the is important in keeping the economy going, an efficient freight network, planning now is response to address this. moving goods between places such as from important including reserving land, planning farms to consumers. It also allows Victoria for the location of freight terminals and to engage in international trade, importing supporting road and rail infrastructure. and exporting via ports and airports. An A significant opportunity exists to efficient freight network keeps transportation coordinate and integrate investments costs down, maintaining Victoria’s across governments, particularly for competitiveness and supporting freight by inland rail. 116 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Transport emissions are growing36 and times, particularly on the public transport Automated vehicle technology could deliver climate change impacts are also likely to network. Shifting or spreading demand significant benefits. For instance, it could increasingly impact on infrastructure and more evenly throughout the day could better significantly reduce oadr congestion46 and services. Transport was responsible for utilise existing infrastructure.43 It could road accidents,47 and improve people’s 20% of Victoria’s emissions in 2017,37 with also support social distancing measures. access to education, services, and social road transportation emitting around 90% Reassessing road space for other needs connections. A fully automated vehicle fleet of transport’s share.38 Between 1990 and could provide for better movement of private could create up to 11,000 new jobs and 2017, transport emissions have grown vehicles, public transport, cyclists or boost the economy by nearly $15 billion (in by 42%, the largest growth from any pedestrians, or create better places for real terms) in 2046.48 However, the scale of sector.39 Transport will need to significantly activities with more limited traffic. Managing these potential benefits is heavily contingent contribute to Victoria’s net zero emissions the transport network as an integrated on the ownership and business model target by 2050, and future infrastructure will network through advances in ICT-enabled associated with automated vehicles, also need to operate in a world with higher real-time technology can also help optimise whether they actually realise assumed temperatures and more frequent extreme existing infrastructure. Reprioritising and efficiencies, and their fuel source. Victoria weather events.40 reforming bus networks present an has an opportunity to be ready for both opportunity to deliver a better quality, automated and zero emission vehicles. Opportunities more fit-for-purpose service based on the Both the public and private sectors will different needs and opportunities across need to invest to fully maximise the Victoria is currently experiencing a transport the network. potential of automated and zero emissions infrastructure boom, with delivery of around vehicles, including spending: $80 billion of transport projects.41 Over Automated and zero emissions vehicles the next 30 years, significant transport could fundamentally alter the way \ Up to $1.7 billion to infrastructure investment will be needed governments plan and deliver transport upgrade mobile networks across Victoria beyond the current infrastructure. This technological change \ Around $250 million for committed program. This also brings creates an opportunity for unprecedented improved line markings on roads significant opportunity to better manage benefits for the economy, community and demand for transport infrastructure, make the environment if the right conditions exist. \ At least $2.2 billion for better use of transport assets and to do For instance, energy sector decarbonisation energy network upgrades49 things differently so that Victoria remains an offers an opportunity to decarbonise the Emerging technologies and new business attractive place to live and do business. The transport sector, Victoria’s second highest models, such as ridesharing, can provide current approach to addressing Victoria’s source of greenhouse gas emissions,44 Victorians with more and better choices. transport challenges is largely to build more through electric and other zero emission New transport services and a public infrastructure. vehicles. transport system that can be used by more However, modelling has shown that building Automated vehicles have great potential, people present a significant opportunity to more infrastructure alone will not be enough but how the technology evolves and how support a more inclusive Victoria. The to adequately address declining network Victorians will use automated vehicles transport network needs to be able to be performance and transport user experience. remains to be seen. In our advice to the used by all Victorians with requirements set This makes it even more important to Victorian Government in 2018, we through the Disability Discrimination Act look at policies that better use existing examined four scenarios for automated 1992 and the Disability Standards for infrastructure and manage demand in the vehicles to test the potential extreme Accessible Public Transport 2002. These first instance, including induced demand.42 impacts.45 The four scenarios were: standards set requirements around ramps, In some cases building new infrastructure boardings, allocated space, doorways and may be necessary, such as in growth areas 1. Driverless vehicles with doors, signs and alarms. Not all of Victoria’s with underdeveloped transport networks, private ownership public transport network complies with this in significant urban renewal areas, or to requirement. For example, only around 400 2. Driverless vehicles with a major support walking and cycling. In other areas, of the more than 1,700 tram stops are commercial shift towards shared where physical space to build is more accessible.50 With a growing, ageing, more vehicles and on-demand services limited, such as Melbourne’s established diverse population, accessibility needs will suburbs, building becomes more 3. Slow uptake of on-demand driverless grow too. challenging and costly. vehicles which share the road with Addressing challenges and harnessing privately owned, non-driverless vehicles Many solutions exist beyond building more opportunities for the transport sector can infrastructure. For instance, significant 4. Rapid uptake of on-demand support a safer, more inclusive, liveable network capacity exists outside of peak driverless vehicles and prosperous Victoria. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 117
Current key investments
Victoria is in the middle of an infrastructure building boom with around $80 billion of transport projects currently underway. Figure 2 provides a summary timeline for a number of these projects’ delivery.
Figure 2: Construction timelines
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0
CityLink Tulla Widening
High Capacity Metro Trains
Hurstbridge Line Upgrade
Melbourne Metro Tunnel
Monash Freeway Upgrade
North East Link
Regional Rail Revival
Suburban Roads Upgrade
West Gate Tunnel
Level Crossing Removal Program
Suburban Rail Loop
Melbourne Airport Rail
* Western Rail Plan Staging under consideration
Source: Based on Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, 'Improving our infrastructure' [website], https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/projects
Each major project is expected to deliver many benefits to Victorians:
\ Melbourne Metro Tunnel \ Hurstbridge Line Upgrade \ North East Link The Melbourne Metro Tunnel will allow This upgrade will allow more trains, North East Link will connect the M80 more trains to run more often across more seats and fewer delays on the with an upgraded Eastern Freeway. Melbourne, creating capacity for more Hurstbridge line.53 It is expected to accommodate up to than half a million extra passengers per 135,000 vehicles a day and link key \ Monash Freeway Upgrade week during the peak periods. It will growth areas in the north and southeast. Upgrading the Monash Freeway is create a new Sunbury to Cranbourne/ The new freeway connection is expected expected to provide faster and more Pakenham line, with high capacity trains to cut travel times by up to 35 minutes, reliable journey times for private and and five new underground stations.51 take 15,000 trucks off local roads a day, commercial users and help lower crash and deliver more than 25 kilometres of \ High Capacity Metro Trains rates, with a significant stated benefit- new walking and cycling paths.55 These trains are expected to carry more cost ratio at 4.6.54 people, improve rail network efficiency and improve user experience.52 118 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
\ Regional Rail Revival \ Level Crossing Removal Program Park, Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre The Regional Rail Revival program This program is removing 75 level and the State Netball and Hockey Centre. It is a joint initiative of the Australian and crossings across metropolitan Melbourne also includes council-owned facilities such Victorian Governments to upgrade which will improve safety for road users as swimming pools, indoor and outdoor stations, signalling and rail tracks across and pedestrians, improve travel on all sports courts, sports grounds, as well as Victoria. It will improve the reliability modes and help people get home faster.61 parks, walking and cycling trails. of the regional public transport network, \ Melbourne Airport Rail enhance the passenger experience Community infrastructure also includes The Melbourne Airport Rail Link will and support local economies.56 extensive civic buildings and places, such connect travellers to the airport, running as Federation Square and Parliament \ Suburban Roads Upgrade through the Melbourne Metro Tunnel. House. Across Victoria, there are many The $2.2 billion Suburban Roads Construction is expected to begin in town halls and community spaces. It also Upgrade will be delivered through a 2022 with a targeted 2029 opening date. includes major tourism assets, such as Program Approach, modelled on the It will provide a 10-minute turn-up-and-go Melbourne Convention and Exhibition successful Level Crossing Removal service from the airport meaning Centre, Melbourne Zoo, Werribee Open Project. The program includes 12 priority passengers will be in the CBD in less Range Zoo, Healesville Sanctuary, Phillip 62 projects which will have many benefits than 30 minutes. Island Penguin Park and four major 57 for communities and motorists. alpine resorts. \ West Gate Tunnel 02. Culture, sport The West Gate Tunnel Project will and community Governance build a new tunnel and new links Cultural, sport and community infrastructure to the port, CityLink and the CBD.58 Overview is diverse and provided for at different \ Western Rail Plan scales – from major state-significant Cultural, sport and community The Western Rail Plan will deliver a fast, heritage buildings to local playgrounds. infrastructure provide venues for the high-capacity rail network servicing As such, cultural, sport and community community and visitors to come together, growing suburbs and regional cities. infrastructure is funded and managed by to participate in activities that contribute to Planning is needed for the following all levels of government as well as by elite their health and wellbeing, foster social three major connected projects: and community-based organisations, inclusion and help to celebrate diversity philanthropic groups, trusts, and and culture. Together, these activities make – Two new electrified rail lines through corporations. to Melton and Wyndham Vale a significant contribution to the liveability of the places where this infrastructure is Within Victoria, several Ministers have – Increased capacity between Sunshine located and help to build Victoria’s human, responsibilities with cultural, sport and and the CBD to cater for faster and social and economic capital. The types of community infrastructure, including the: more frequent metro and regional trains infrastructure are diverse. \ Minister for Creative Industries – Major investment in the Geelong and More than 12.8 million people visited Ballarat lines to run trains faster than Victoria’s government-owned arts and \ Minister for Regional Development 160km/h. This will include exploration cultural institutions in 2018-19, which \ Minister for Local Government of electrification of these lines and new, are valued at $7 billion.63 This includes the \ Minister for Suburban Development fast electric regional trains.59 Arts Centre Melbourne, Australian Centre for the Moving Image, Docklands Studios \ Minister for Tourism, Sport and \ Suburban Rail Loop Melbourne, Film Victoria, Geelong Major Events Currently in planning with construction Performing Arts Centre, Melbourne Recital \ Minister for Community Sport to start in 2022, the Suburban Rail Centre, Melbourne Museum, Immigration Loop is a 90-kilometre train line which Museum, National Gallery of Victoria and Key Victorian Government agencies include will connect major railway lines in State Library Victoria. Local governments Creative Victoria and Sport and Recreation Melbourne, creating travel connections also provide significant cultural Victoria. Under the Creative Victoria Act to employment, health, education and infrastructure as well as programming of 2017, Creative Victoria prepares a strategy retail centres in Melbourne’s middle local festivals and events. for the arts and creative industries every suburbs. It will also include three four years. It invests in creative industries transport super hubs at Clayton, There are thousands of sports facilities, and oversees Victoria’s major creative and Broadmeadows and Sunshine to parks and playgrounds across Victoria. This cultural organisations, collections and connect with regional services.60 includes facilities for elite sports, such as facilities. Sport and Recreation Victoria is the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 119
an agency dedicated to supporting a sports clubs fear insolvency following the participate in almost 775 million hours of strong, vibrant and interconnected sport effects of COVID-19.66 The short, medium exercise, recreation and sporting activities and recreation system. It promotes access and longer-term impacts of reduced cultural, each year, with 80% of this time spent and opportunities to participate in sport sports and community physical participation undertaking individual exercise and not in and recreation in multiple ways, including on existing and future facilities will need organised sport.68 Opportunities exist to by developing and improving community to be monitored, particularly underutilisation consider diverse sports facilities for sport and recreation facilities and investing and deterioration. organised sport, and other infrastructure in major sport facilities.64 that supports active recreation, such as Meeting the demands for ongoing paths for walking, running and cycling, to The Victorian Government provides funding, maintenance and renewal of government- remove participation barriers. Indeed, the either in part or full, for cultural, sport and owned major cultural and community COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the community infrastructure. It also receives infrastructure will continue as a key value the community places on open revenue from ticket sales to some events. challenge, compounded by reduced space, walking and cycling infrastructure. Governance of some institutions includes visitation and programming affecting Streets and the public realm are also councils of trustees, boards, committees revenues in the near term. Creating scale to important spaces for cultural and of management and philanthropic support national and global competitiveness community events. organisations which play major roles may also require new infrastructure in the management and programming investment that can be significant. Cultural, sport and community infrastructure of these assets. also provides regional economic Balancing investments between large and development opportunities. Supporting Local government has a significant role in small infrastructure, such as major stadia environmental assets, such as parks and providing cultural, sport and community for elite sports and local facilities for forests, with programming activities such as infrastructure. Both the Australian and community sports and recreation, and food and wine experiences, large sporting Victorian Governments can also provide between areas of Victoria with differing events, cultural festivals, local museums funding contributions to this infrastructure, levels of existing investment will be a key and galleries can support regional Victoria. usually through grants. Victorian councils challenge. For local governments Attracting private sector investment in are responsible for some 277 public library experiencing high levels of growth, there will nature-based tourism also supports active branches, 39 art galleries, 47 performing likely be an increasing need for the provision recreation opportunities. arts centres; and numerous sites of of new facilities over time. For areas Aboriginal heritage, museums, and creative undergoing renewal, older infrastructure will Current key investments spaces including town halls, community need to be upgraded to remain centres, rehearsal rooms, artist studios, fit-for-purpose. For rural areas experiencing The Victorian Government has made many and business hubs.65 low population growth or decline, a investments across the diverse cultural, combination of declining rate base sport and community infrastructure The Victorian Government also provides alongside ageing facilities will present a portfolio. Significant infrastructure grants to cultural, sport and community different type of challenge. investments include: organisations to support community infrastructure. Strategies could include co-locating uses \ Over $1.4 billion to transform and sharing spaces to get better use from Melbourne's Arts Precinct69 existing infrastructure, potentially improving Challenges and opportunities \ $128 million to the redevelopment of funding mechanisms and examining ways 70 Challenges the Geelong Performing Arts Centre to provide infrastructure that encourages The economic and social recovery from participation. There will also need to be \ $103 million Regional Tourism the COVID-19 pandemic will be the key a stronger focus over coming years for Infrastructure Fund, including $48.2 challenge for cultural, sport and community resilient cultural, sport and community million for the Phillip Island Nature Park infrastructure. This infrastructure brings infrastructure that can to meet the needs of upgrade and $9.8 million towards the together people to enrich lives, promote changing demographics and climate. Shipwreck Coast Masterplan71 health and wellbeing and foster social \ $141.1 million towards the final stage cohesion. Many cultural, sport and Opportunities of the Kardinia Park Stadium community facilities have been closed. This Sport and recreation infrastructure can play Redevelopment72 has negatively impacted Victoria’s diverse a role in supporting increased participation. creative industries which rely on spaces for For instance, 17% of males participate in \ $95.1 million to redevelop the gatherings of people, such as performing formal sports and only 10% of women, and State Library of Victoria73 arts spaces, music venues and galleries. growth areas have significantly lower sport \ $34.7 million for regional creative Sport has also been impacted. Recent participation rates overall.67 Victorians infrastructure projects74 surveys suggest that one in four community 120 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
\ $39.8 million for the Australian Centre poles and cables support these Victoria also has a government-owned for the Moving Image redevelopment75 exchanges which are critical to body, VicTrack, that is a licensed growth and prosperity. telecommunications provider with network \ $22 million Local Sports Infrastructure infrastructure. This network is the backbone Fund, providing grants to local Victorian average data consumption was to public transport customer information, governments for aquatic centres and 255 gigabytes per customer each month myki ticketing, driver communications and indoor stadia, strategic facilities, female in June 2019, slightly above the national other network critical systems such as friendly facilities, community facilities 83 average. Continued growth in demand 91 76 signalling. and planning for digital connectivity has encouraged significant investment from the private \ $22 million for the redevelopment of the Challenges and opportunities State Basketball Centre77 sector, as well as State and Commonwealth Governments. Digital connectivity will be critical to \ $15 million maintenance funding for Victoria’s success over the coming government-owned arts and cultural The COVID-19 pandemic has also decades. It will enable the uptake of 78 facilities necessitated accelerated technology technological developments in different use for both businesses and homes, \ $13 million towards upgrading sectors and industries, including Victorian particularly for online services and as more Melbourne Arena.79 Government infrastructure. Technology people work, study and spend more time at will radically transform how services are The Victorian Government is also providing home. delivered and infrastructure is used over extra funding to support the cultural, sport the next 30 years, though exactly how and community sector from the impacts of Governance this will unfold is yet to be seen. the COVID-19 pandemic. This includes: The Australian Government is responsible Challenges for telecommunications regulation,84 with \ $382 million for upgrades, maintenance Digital connectivity is a tale of contrasts. governance of the internet, television, and new experiences at tourism For instance, the difference between phone, radio, post and spectrum overseen destinations as part of the COVID-19 mobile and fixed-line data performance is by the federal Department of Infrastructure, Building Works package, combined with stark. Australia ranks fourth in the world Transport, Regional Development and the $485 million Victorian Tourism for mobile broadband speeds, and is well Communications.85 Recovery Package announced in the placed to be a leader in the development 2020-21 Budget80 The telecommunications sector was and implementation of 5G technology.92 \ $110 million for the second tranche of largely deregulated in the 1990s,86 and However, fixed broadband is the source the Community Sports Infrastructure telecommunications infrastructure is now of more than 90% of data consumption, Stimulus Program for local governments, a mix of public and private assets.87 Mobile yet Australia is well down the international alpine resort boards and sporting clubs networks, for instance, are owned by list of fixed broadband speeds.93 Although and organisations81 Telstra, Optus and Vodafone covering mobile coverage reaches 99% of 99.3%, 97%, and 94% of the national Australians, it reaches only one-third \ $26.3 million in viability support for the population respectively.88 The Australian of the total land mass. This means Arts Centre Melbourne, National Gallery Government also invests in digital significant coverage gaps for agricultural of Victoria, Museums Victoria, Melbourne infrastructure, such as the National land and along transport corridors.94 Recital Centre and Geelong Performing Broadband Network which reaches over Arts Centre,82 with additional funding As digital connectivity becomes an essential 11 million premises across Australia, provided in the 2020-21 Budget. service for business, work, education and with 3 million in Victoria.89 government service delivery, barriers to Despite the fragmented nature of connection can leave some Victorians infrastructure ownership, operation and behind. All levels of government and private 03. Digital regulation, the Victorian Government plays providers will need to develop strategies for connectivity an important role in working with the equitable access. The challenges will vary. Australian Government and private sector For instance, affordability is an issue with low-income households spending up to 6% Overview telecommunications providers to prioritise investment locations most in need.90 of income on telecommunications,95 and Victoria’s digital infrastructure network By identifying gaps, seeking to address Aboriginal Australians similarly likely to enables the exchange of personal disadvantage and encouraging early spend a larger share of their income on and professional communications. As adoption and innovation, the Victorian internet connectivity.96 Regional Victorians the backbone of the digital economy, Government can promote even face a mix of digital experiences, with telecommunication fibres, towers, development of Victoria’s digital economy. limited mobile coverage in some areas Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 121
which can cause public safety issues and widespread and equitable deployment suburbs and regional towns, in restrict economic and social opportunities.97 of 5G technology. conjunction with industry partners Those over the age of 65 or living with a \ $30 million for a six-year program to disability also have a lower level of digital Opportunities eradicate mobile black spots in populated inclusion compared to other Victorians.98 As government, commercial services and areas of regional Victoria (subject to a social activity migrate online, the Victorian co-contribution from the Australian Maintaining resilience and preparedness Government can help to include all Government). This follows previous for emergencies requires ongoing efforts, Victorians. This is essential to future co-investments which have secured particularly with increasing frequency of productivity improvements and fostering 230 new mobile towers across Victoria.107 natural disasters, in both densely populated healthy, safe and inclusive communities. and remote areas. Telecommunications A key opportunity exists to continue Additional investments to improve the digital infrastructure is critical infrastructure, relied identifying black spots within the existing experience for Victorians include: upon by emergency management and network, address gaps and support trials communities during emergencies. Bushfire and pilots to assess the benefits to \ $7.5 million to bolster Victoria's experiences alone highlight that without business and consumers from deploying cybersecurity and protect public access to critical personal communications new and emerging technologies. services from cyber attacks108 and emergency management information \ $12 million for four Internet of Things through telecommunications infrastructure As business, services, education and (IoT) trials to assess the benefits that and digital connectivity, people are at entertainment increasingly take place IoT can have for farm performance and greater risk,99 including emergency workers, online, there are ever more opportunities productivity. The trials are focussed on volunteers, local residents, and travellers. and efficiencies to be gained.105 Harnessing technological disruptions can also present the key industries of dairy, grains, sheep 109 Growing use of digital services also means opportunities to open new ways of doing and horticulture. that cybersecurity risks are increasing. Up things. For instance, education is one of \ Contributed towards the $11 million to 80% of Australians are concerned about Victoria’s top exports and digital Victorian Free Wi-Fi Pilot in the how their data are stored and used by connectivity can revolutionise the sector by Melbourne, Ballarat and Bendigo central companies.100 Australia is well-equipped in supporting online and distance education business districts, in partnership with digital security and governance, but the models. In the food and fibre industry, local governments and private providers. challenge will remain as cybercriminal adopting Internet of Things (IoT) technology The Pilot, which is due to end in 2022, techniques improve, and the number of could enhance Victoria’s exports further. has been expanded with an extra $7 household devices balloon in coming Development of artificial intelligence, million to implement free public Wi-Fi decades.101 robotics and virtual reality pose similar in Shepparton and Geelong,110 and possibilities. In the transport sector, digital 111 Infrastructure provision to take advantage Moe, Morwell, Traralgon and Ararat. connectivity can deliver considerable of rapidly evolving technologies presents \ $7 million for regional Enhanced benefits, including potentially reducing road considerable cost, planning and security Broadband trials, providing business- deaths significantly and improving people’s challenges. For instance, the NBN was grade broadband to parts of North access to education, services and social originally planned as Fibre to the Premises Geelong, Horsham and Morwell.112 connections.106 Telehealth can promote and fixed wireless and satellite. It has now The trial is piloting alternative broadband better access to health services, particularly grown to include Fibre to the Node and models to allow regional businesses for parts of regional Victoria, and allow Hybrid Fibre Coaxial.102 The result is a mix to compete more effectively with their easier and potentially earlier interventions. of technological solutions, with Fibre to metropolitan, interstate and international To take advantage of these technological the Premises installed at only 16% of counterparts. opportunities, regulatory changes may connected premises.103 This creates a be needed. \ $7 million for the Digital Economy number of inconsistencies, process and Plan, working with the nine regional performance issues which will need to be partnerships to increase innovation and overcome as the NBN roll-out continues. Current key investments competitiveness in the regions.113 In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian In addition, deployment of 5G mobile Government announced significant \ $3.8 million for technology support for networks will require more physical investment in digital infrastructure via the rural councils to upgrade ICT facilities and infrastructure than previous generations $626 million Digital Future Now initiative. equipment, and provide training.114 of mobile technology, resulting in more This includes: towers and cells.104 Collaboration between VicTrack is also investing $69 million in the governments and the private sector \ $200 million to co-fund business-grade Transport and Government Secure will be needed to support affordable, broadband connectivity for Victorian Network project. The project is to deliver 122 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
a safer, more secure network that will also schools, and Technical and Further with infrastructure the responsibility of be more efficient and reliable. The project Education (TAFE) institutes. service providers, including local will also improve Victoria’s transport government and private provider facilities. network signalling capability, passenger There are more than 4,500 approved early information displays and myki ticketing. childhood education and care services, The Australian and Victorian Governments It also provides opportunities for other over 2,200 schools including more than currently co-fund one year of kindergarten government agencies to use the network, 1,500 government schools, 8 public education for each four-year-old before a reducing network duplication and costs.115 universities, 12 TAFE institutes, 321 child commences primary school. The government-contracted private registered Victorian Government is also funding an The Australian Government announced training organisations (RTOs), and 266 extra 15 hours per week for three-year-old significant 2020-21 budget commitments community-owned and managed not-for- kindergarten so that all children have in digital connectivity, including approval of profit organisations registered with the Adult access to two years of pre-school NBN's $4.5 billion Network Investment Community and Further Education (ACFE) education. Plan, $30.3 million to extend the Regional Board as Learn Local organisations eligible Connectivity Program and $29.3 million to deliver pre-accredited training.118 The reform started in six regional local to support faster deployment of 5G. It is government areas in 2020, with a further 15 also investing $37.1 million through the regional local government areas planned for Governance 122 Strengthening Telecommunications Against implementation in 2021. The Victorian Government is responsible Natural Disasters package to improve the for ensuring that all Victorian students The Victorian Government has a limited role resilience of communications networks can access pre-school education, primary in the delivery, management and ownership during emergencies, following the 2019-20 and secondary education, and tertiary and of kindergarten facilities. It provides grants summer bushfires across Australia.116 further education. Some of this learning for capital works to local government, The package includes: will be accessed in government-owned not-for-profit community organisations and \ Better connectivity for fire service depots facilities. to government and non-government and evacuation centres. schools (where they provide kindergarten The Department of Education and Training on school sites).123 Privately provided long \ Improving back-up power for mobile base is the primary body that oversees Victoria’s day care childcare centres also provide stations and other infrastructure education and training system. The portfolio government funded kindergarten programs, hardening measures. also includes several authorities including but are not eligible for government-funded \ Purchasing portable communications the Victorian School Building Authority capital works grants. facilities, such as cells on wheels, mobile which oversees the design and construction Victoria’s 12 TAFE institutes are established exchanges on wheels and NBN Road of new schools and early childhood centres, under the Education and Training Reform Muster trucks. as well as the modernisation and upgrade of existing facilities.119 Act 2006. Each TAFE has its own board, \ A public communication program to appointed by the Minister.124 Functions provide practical information and advice Victoria has one of the most devolved of the boards include overseeing and about how communities can keep models for the government school sector efficiently managing the institute, and connected during emergencies.117 in Australia.120 Principals are responsible developing and implementing strategic for maintenance of school buildings and plans and other operational plans.125 grounds, as well as monitoring contracts. School councils exercise general oversight The Victorian Government regulates 04. Education of school buildings and grounds to ensure registered training organisations delivering and training they are kept in good condition and order. private and subsidised training, but it is not They are also responsible for entering involved with the infrastructure of privately into contracts for building and grounds operated registered training organisations. Overview improvements, as well as making decisions Victorian legislation also governs public Victoria aims to deliver world-class about the hiring and shared use of universities, which are multi-jurisdictionally education. Access to quality education school facilities in accordance with funded. Universities are required to gain can maximise life choices for every departmental policy.121 Ministerial approval on any land disposal Victorian at all stages and ages of The early childhood education system is transactions in excess of $5 million and life. Victoria’s education infrastructure 126 made up of partnerships between all three leases with a tenure over 21 years. supports lifelong learning. It includes levels of government and many service early years facilities such as providers. The Australian and Victorian kindergartens, primary and secondary Governments largely fund service provision, Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 123
Challenges and opportunities Figure 3: Projected growth in Victorian school-aged population
Education and training infrastructure 910,000 will need to keep pace with population 850,000 growth and change, with attention to key demographic growth. While the COVID-19 790,000 pandemic may have temporarily slowed 730,000 population growth, it is likely to return. 670,000 Keeping pace with population growth 610,000 and change would require new facilities, 550,000 as well as ongoing upgrades and 490,000 maintenance. 430,000 370,000 Schools 310,000 Managing increasing and decreasing
o u ation sti ates 250,000 demand for schools will be a key challenge. Based on growth figures before the 0 0 3 0 0 0 03 033 03 03 03 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 COVID-19 pandemic, around 70,000 more students are anticipated to enter the Victorian school system over the next four Primary (aged 5-11 yrs) Secondary (aged 12-17 yrs) Source: Victoria in Future 2019 years. Two-thirds of these will attend a government school.127 By 2056, Victoria could have an extra 480,000 school- aged children.128 infrastructure, such as relocatable Many existing kindergartens are likely classrooms and modular buildings, can to require modification and expansion School populations change over time within help respond with growth and change, and to meet future enrolment demand from an area, and infrastructure may need to maintaining existing schools keeps them both three-year-old and four-year-old adapt. For instance, some schools in useful for longer. kindergarten requirements. The Victorian regional areas have slower or declining Government and the early childhood sector student number growth. Maintaining school Education and training makes up are co-investing nearly $1.7 billion to do assets where there are declining student around 16% of the value of Victoria’s this.135 Kindergarten Infrastructure and populations will be an ongoing issue in government-owned assets, one of the Service Planning between the Victorian some of Victoria’s rural and regional largest government-owned asset portfolios Government and local governments 132 schools. in Victoria. Working within a devolved is underway.136 asset management structure, ongoing Melbourne’s growth areas are likely to come maintenance will require focus and funding Technical and Further Education under pressure from growth. The Victorian commitment to overcome any challenges, TAFE institutes deliver vocational education Government has a large school building such as those identified in the Victorian and training throughout Victoria, some of commitment underway. Of the new schools Auditor-General’s Office report, Managing which is free for eligible students scheduled for opening between 2020 and School Infrastructure, in 2017. The undertaking priority courses, or subsidised. 2022, over 70% will be delivered in Parliament of Victoria is also conducting TAFE institutes deliver around 70% of all Melbourne’s growth areas.129 Infrastructure a follow-up inquiry, with public hearings apprenticeships, and offer education and will also need to respond to changing 133 to commence in December 2020. training opportunities to train, upskill or needs of the community. For instance, re-skill and support Victorians re-entering schools need to be fit-for-purpose to meet Early childhood education the workforce.137 They play an important the needs of students with disabilities who While the Victorian Government has a role in providing access to learning for currently represent 4% of the government limited role in kindergarten infrastructure, everyone. Around 40% of students enrolled school cohort.130 its policy to extend kindergarten services in TAFE are from low socio-economic so that children can have two years Demand for schools in particular areas can backgrounds, compared with 33% enrolled of pre-schooling will have significant also be influenced through policy changes, in other registered training organisations infrastructure implications. This is on top of 138 such as enrolment management through and 14% in universities. Encouragingly, an already growing cohort – growth of 78% school placement policy which can prioritise these TAFE students also complete in children four years and under is projected student enrolments to a designated their qualifications at a higher than in Melbourne’s growth areas, and 21% in all 139 neighbourhood school.131 Adaptable average rate. other areas.134 124 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Victorian TAFE assets are worth around billion.148 Victoria consumed 233 petajoules of natural gas in 2019.149 Victoria’s natural gas $2.6 billion.140 Ongoing renewal and demand is projected to decline to around 208 petajoules by 2024.150 maintenance of these facilities will be needed to continue delivering world Table 1: Victoria’s electricity and gas networks in numbers class education. Network Type Length(km) Asset base Current key investments ($ million) Electricity networks152 Significant investment is underway for education and training in Victoria. In 2020, Ausnet Services / Transmission 6,628 3,300 AEMO the Victorian Government announced a further $3.1 billion for new and upgraded Murraylink Victoria Transmission 180 117 schools alone, including $1.18 billion under to South Australia (Stand-alone interconnector. An interconnector links the the Building and Works Package.141 It also Victorian network with another includes $388.8 million towards improving state’s network.) facilities at 39 specialist schools.142 Other Basslink Victoria to Transmission (stand-alone 375 Not available key investments in the 2020-21 Budget Tasmania interconnector) include: AusNet Services Distribution 45,494 5,793 \ $100 million to continue upgrading CitiPower Distribution 4,558 5,562 TAFE facilities143 Jemena Distribution 6,628 4,154 \ $68 million to provide grants to local government and other eligible providers Powercor Distribution 75,815 4,866 to build, expand and upgrade kinder United Energy Distribution 13,408 3,373 and early childhood facilities.144 Total 153,086 27,165
Gas networks153 05. Energy APA Victorian Transmission 1,992 1,074 Transmission System
Overview AusNet Services Distribution 11,650 1,727
Victoria’s energy infrastructure delivers Multinet Distribution 9,866 1,321 energy from various sources to homes, Australian Gas Distribution 10,447 1,811 businesses and industries. It does this Networks through interconnected systems such as Total 33,955 5,933 energy generation and production, and transmission and distribution networks for both electricity and gas. Energy Even with this decline, a shortfall in meeting Victoria is part of the National Electricity generation and production includes annual Victorian gas consumption is Market, which consists of Victoria, New power plants, gas processing facilities, projected from 2024 without extra gas South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, large-scale renewables such as wind supply and infrastructure.151 Queensland and the Australian Capital and solar farms, and distributed energy Territory. Electricity generators operate resources such as rooftop solar. Governance within this national trading environment. Victoria’s electricity transmission network The Victorian energy sector is almost Victoria has over 150,000 kilometres of is owned by one company, with five entirely under private ownership with electricity network infrastructure, valued at distribution companies, one for each of 145 different market arrangements. over $27 billion. In 2018-19, Victoria used Victoria’s five electricity distribution areas. around 41 terawatt hours of electricity from Transmission and distribution network the grid.146 This is expected to increase to infrastructure, as monopolies, are regulated Victoria has a Declared Wholesale Gas around 47 terawatt hours by 2050.147 by the Australian Energy Regulator. Market. Victoria’s gas networks comprise a Victoria’s retail market is an open market transmission network owned by one market Victoria’s gas network infrastructure is over with full competition, with economic participant, and three distribution businesses, 30,000 kilometres, valued at nearly $6 regulation of network infrastructure. also based on geographic regions. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 125
The national energy market began in 1998, Environment, Land, Water and Planning, long-term market framework, and will with the current governance structure is responsible for energy policy in Victoria, recommend changes to market design established over time by the Council including through national arrangements. by the end of 2020.161 of Australian Governments. Three key Key legislation in Victoria includes the market bodies exist: National Electricity (Victoria) Act 2005, For the electricity sector to be sustainable, the National Gas (Victoria) Act 2008, the affordable and reliable, the energy \ Australian Electricity Electricity Industry Act 2000 and the Gas generation mix needs to change from Market Commission Industry Act 2001. Other Acts relate to emissions intensive generators to Responsible for making the energy safety, prohibition of uranium mining and renewables. In Victoria, current plans for market rules and advising on certain nuclear facilities, and the energy brown coal generator retirements are from proposed rule changes efficiency certificate market.155 2029 to 2048: \ Australian Energy Regulator The Essential Services Commission is \ Yallourn winding down from 2029 Responsible for economic regulatory responsible for licensing businesses to 2032 (1,450MW) functions, enforcement and market involved in supplying electricity and gas in monitoring for electricity and gas \ Loy Yang B (1,115MW) by 2047 Victoria, and establishing and maintaining \ Loy Yang A (2,210MW) by 2048.162 \ Australian Energy Market energy codes and guidelines that outline Operator (AEMO) the rules for distribution, as well as retail The energy system needs to evolve from a Responsible for operating the electricity energy sale in Victoria. It promotes and centralised coal-fired generation system to and gas systems, markets and future enforces compliance with the codes, and it a more diversified generation system with planning. AEMO is also the transmission also reports on the performance of energy more variable renewable electricity, such as planner for Victoria. businesses and energy prices in general.156 wind and solar generation, and more The Essential Services Commission does The Australian Government plays a role in electricity from distributed resources, such not set energy prices, but it does set the national energy and climate change policy, as rooftop solar. minimum feed-in tariff and the Victorian and has established the Australian Default Offer.157 It also regulates the For instance, to accommodate more wind Renewable Energy Agency and the Clean Victorian Energy Upgrades Program.158 and solar, the transmission network needs Energy Finance Corporation to improve to change. In Victoria, renewables are competitiveness and increase investment in Challenges and opportunities locating in parts of the grid that were not renewable technologies. It also makes originally designed to carry large amounts discrete investments in energy Victoria has legislated for net zero of electricity nor withstand the technical infrastructure, such as Snowy Hydro, and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, in characteristics of the technology, such as loan funding to progress design and line with global climate change goals. the intermittent nature of renewables.163 approvals or underwriting early works for Electricity makes up nearly 51% of Victoria’s For instance, renewable generation is transmission interconnectors. The greenhouse gas emissions, and direct connecting in Western Victoria where Australian Government also released its combustion and fugitive emissions (those current transmission infrastructure is Technology Investment Roadmap in 2020, due to leaks and other unintended or insufficient, contributing to reduced network focussing on technology priorities including irregular releases, mostly from industrial stability and creating network congestion.164 clean hydrogen, energy storage, low carbon activities) make up 19% of Victoria's steel and aluminium, carbon capture and emissions, mainly from natural gas use.159 In addition, increasing adoption of storage, and soil carbon. This makes electricity and gas transitions distributed energy resources, such as solar a key focus for achieving a net zero panels on homes and buildings, and the The Energy Security Board was created in emissions target by 2050. Both will need potential uptake of batteries, will mean the 2017 as a new energy market body, with to undergo massive transformation, energy system has to change to allow responsibility to implement the accepted which presents different challenges two-way flows on the network. recommendations from the Independent and opportunities for each sector. Review into the Future Security of the For the power system to continue reliably National Electricity Market. It will remain Electricity meeting demand, it will need to be in place until the end of December 2021. The National Electricity Market is in the supported by enough dispatchable Australian Energy Ministers are currently middle of a significant transition. Energy resources, such as pumped hydro and considering governance options for future market bodies have been developing battery storage. It will also need to be 154 energy reforms. reforms largely based on the Independent supported by adequate transmission Review into the Future Security of the investment, improving connections with The Minister for Energy, Environment and National Electricity Market.160 The Energy other states to better share resources. Climate Change, with the Department of Security Board is developing advice on the The need for power system services 126 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
such as voltage control, system strength, Reducing the likelihood of blackouts to The natural gas network can be frequency control and inertia, ramping an acceptable level requires adequate complementary to electricity grids from an and dispatchability, will also grow in investment in generation and networks. energy security perspective, and provide importance.165 These services are critical to This acceptable level is generally set near-term benefits when replacing more the secure operation of the power system. balancing the costs it imposes on polluting fuels.178 However, the longer-term consumers. AEMO can also deploy different question remains whether the natural gas Peak demand drives investment in electricity measures to manage rare events, including network can deliver low or zero carbon network infrastructure. Peak demand in buying emergency reserves for extra energy sources, such as hydrogen and Victoria typically occurs between 4pm and capacity to be on standby at a premium.172 biomethane.179 Hydrogen could offer an 166 7pm during a weekday, and is more In Victoria, this cost over $11 million in opportunity to retain a dual fuel system in pronounced in the summer than the winter. 2019-20, used on two days only and is Victoria, using existing natural gas Residential air conditioning use is a large recovered from consumers.173 AEMO can distribution networks, but further driver, and electric vehicle charging could also issue directions for generators to turn demonstration and testing is needed to become a significant driver in the future. As on or for large energy users to reduce their better understand whether it can replace electric vehicles become more affordable, load. As a last resort, AEMO will direct natural gas. they are likely to become more popular. controlled load shedding to avoid system- Some forecasts suggest that electric wide blackout.174 Pilots are underway to test hydrogen vehicles will likely reach cost parity with blending in natural gas networks. Early conventional vehicles in the mid-2020s.167 Natural gas investigations have not found any significant Natural gas is a fossil fuel, comprised impacts or implications on gas quality, The prospect of widespread electric vehicle mainly of methane. Victoria has a significant safety and risk aspects of adding 10% ownership poses a significant challenge natural gas distribution network, as well hydrogen into natural gas distribution to Victoria’s electricity networks, which 180 as storage facilities to help meet demand networks. However, the National were not designed to cater to the levels peaks, and significant interconnections Hydrogen Strategy Working Group of demand projected.168 with other states. In 2016, Victorian gas concluded that it is too early to commit to 100% hydrogen in gas networks and did Electric vehicles could compound existing networks had a remaining life of around 175 not consider hydrogen in the natural gas electricity peaks. If electric vehicles are 30 to 37 years. transmission network due to known widely adopted in coming years, they could For networks, investment in Victoria is rising embrittlement issues.181 The Working Group be amongst the growing list of appliances to meet demand for new gas connections acknowledged that any decision to move consumers connect to the grid when they and to undertake substantial mains towards 100% hydrogen in gas distribution return home in the evening. This would replacement to maintain safety, reliability networks needs to be subject to further result in a significant increase in demand and security.176 Gas consumption varies by analysis of the costs, infrastructure throughout the year, and exacerbate area in Victoria, with electric appliance readiness, user needs and competitiveness stresses on the system during significant installation in high density developments of other technologies.182 The natural peak periods and on days of extreme increasing, and continuing gas connections gas network is not the only method of demand. KPMG estimates extra demand in low density growth areas on the fringe distribution for hydrogen. Hydrogen could from charging electric vehicles without of Melbourne.177 Continuing new gas also be transported by truck or rail. incentivised pricing structures could require connections and extending the network a doubling of existing energy generation in will embed fossil fuel use unless a viable Hydrogen has several potential uses Victoria, requiring some $2.5 billion in new in addition to pipeline gas. For instance, 169 alternative is found. infrastructure. it could be used as a transport fuel, in The environmental case for natural gas chemical feed stock, steel making, industrial The growth of rooftop solar is also changing is becoming more complex. New gas heating or even to generate electricity.183 the nature of minimum demand on the infrastructure locks in use and emissions system. Minimum demand may cause for a long time. Most gas assets have an In addition to network infrastructure, there system security risks if not well-managed.170 economic life of 30-50 years. In pursuing a are some immediate challenges for natural Previously, minimum demand was during net zero emissions future, a net economic gas supply. The Australian Energy Market the middle of the night. Growth in rooftop life for payback of the asset could be Operator is projecting a potential shortfall solar means that minimum demand is likely reduced to say 10-20 years, or have in gas supply by 2024. Several anticipated to increasingly occur during the daytime. In flexibility planned into the asset to adapt and potential private sector projects could 2018-19, minimum demand in Victoria was it to another zero emissions fuel. If this is improve upon this, but there is significant in the early afternoon rather than overnight not considered, then there is a risk of a uncertainty in supply forecasts due to for the first time.171 stranded asset or a failure to achieve difficulties in precisely determining when climate goals. gas fields will cease production. Lower international LNG prices are also affecting Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 127
domestic supply and the investment Similarly, significant new natural 06. Environment environment.184 gas network projects193 include:
The potential for short supply has \ Western Outer Ring Main Overview implications for over 80% of Victorian \ Warragul looping project Environmental and waste management households that are connected to infrastructure contribute to a sustainable the gas network.185 \ Investigations into potential and healthy Victoria by preserving augmentation for Clyde North. natural assets, protecting environmental Victoria is the only state where the majority systems (including those that improve of gas demand is from residential and small There is also significant non-network water quality, air purification and carbon commercial customers, mainly used for investment proposed194 such as the storage), minimising waste, and heating and cooking. following potential supply projects: recovering valuable resources for Other energy \ various private sector gas field recycling and re-use. This is so that Victoria also has liquid fuel infrastructure, exploration, development and current and future Victorians can such as jet fuel supply lines and diesel supply projects across Victoria enjoy and connect with the natural environment and the vital services it feed lines. These are also under private \ underground gas storage facility provides. This state of infrastructure ownership and are subject to commercial proposed by Golden Beach Energy decisions. Strategically important pipelines covers parks, forests and waste \ LNG import terminal at Cribb Point include Westernport, Altona, Geelong management. proposed by AGL Energy (WAG) oil pipeline, and the Joint User Parks and forests Hydrant Installation providing jet fuel to \ Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain pilot Victoria’s parks and forests are vital Melbourne Airport.186 project. infrastructure with many environmental, social and economic benefits. Built Current key investments In addition, the Victorian Government leads several energy projects and infrastructure can also be found within Energy networks are largely under programs such as: parks and forests. economic regulation, which means that the cost of infrastructure investment is \ $1.3 billion program,195 which was Victoria has 3,000 land and marine parks, 201 recovered through energy customer expanded further in the 2020-21 Budget and reserves managed by Parks Victoria. bills. Significant new electricity network These parks cover more than 4 million \ $682 million to develop Renewable projects include: hectares and are visited over 100 million Energy Zones196 times each year.202 Tourists spend $1.4 \ Western Victoria Renewable \ $335 million to provide efficient, low cost billion on park-related visits each year, Integration project187 heating and cooling for 250,000 low adding 14,000 jobs to the Victorian income households197 economy.203 Providing quality infrastructure \ Victorian Reactive Power is key to supporting park visitation.204 Support project188 \ $30 million to extend the Agriculture Parks and reserves create even more Energy Investment Plan198 \ Victoria to New South Wales significant value through carbon storage Interconnector upgrade189 \ $664,000 towards electric vehicle and flood protection, to honey production charging stations in rural centres as well and recreation and health.205 There are also \ Project Energy Connect – while as smaller towns and key tourist sites, in thousands of Aboriginal and post-European an interconnector between South addition to the $3 million already cultural and heritage sites, historic gardens, Australia and New South Wales, this committed across Victoria199 several local ports and major rivers, many project has implications for the network piers, and around 70% of Victoria’s in Victoria’s west190 \ System Integrity Protection Scheme, coastline.206 battery storage services procured by the \ Marinus Link interconnector between Australian Energy Market Operator at the Victoria and Tasmania191 Victoria also has around 3.2 million hectares request of the Victorian Government.200 of state forests and 550,000 hectares of \ Victoria to New South Wales public land reserves with many different Interconnector West (VNI-West),192 purposes.207 which the Victorian and Australian Governments are jointly underwriting Built infrastructure in parks and forests early works to progress a preferred includes visitor buildings, shelters, toilets, KerangLink route. viewing lookouts, playgrounds, roads, 128 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
pedestrian and vehicle bridges, sporting Government provides national leadership recycling collection services, as well as facilities, navigation aids, local ports, jetties and coordination, and is responsible for passing laws that reinforce land use and other coastal infrastructure.208 national environmental and waste policies, planning and municipal recycling and as well as packaging and product design resource recovery strategies.219 In addition, Waste, recycling and standards. It is also responsible for external there are seven Waste and Resource resource recovery affairs, including international treaties and Recovery Groups which facilitate collective Victoria’s waste can impact negatively trade policy. This is relevant as China procurement of waste processing services on the environment if not managed announced its National Sword Policy in on behalf of local governments. sustainably. If not minimised or recovered, 2018 and began to enforce restrictions reprocessed and re-used, waste ends on the importation of recycling materials. Challenges and opportunities up in landfill and places greater pressure on finite natural resources. Victoria’s recycling industries exported large Parks and forests quantities of recycling to China, and came Key challenges for parks and forests Waste, recycling and resource recovery under immediate pressure to find alternative include responding to climate change, infrastructure includes collection solutions. population growth, changing community infrastructure, recovery facilities, needs, increased visitation, invasive pest 209 Waste and resource recovery governance is reprocessing facilities and landfills. species and accessibility requirements. undergoing a major review. Currently, the Parks Victoria is to develop a land Victorian Government influences the waste, Governance management scheme, due in late 2020, recycling and resource recovery sector which will be used to guide planning Parks and forests through legislation and regulation, across parks and reserves.220 Parks Victoria is a statutory authority acting enforcement, incentives, grants and in accordance with the Parks Victoria Act programs and education, setting strategic Bushfires present a significant risk to 2018.210 It manages Victoria’s national and direction for the sector and supporting local Victoria’s parks and forests. For instance, other conservation parks. Parks Victoria government in its service delivery role. the 2019-20 Victorian summer bushfires aims to conserve and protect parks and burnt 1.2 million hectares of land, making There are also two key Victorian agencies reserves, while connecting visitors with the them the largest bushfires since 1939.221 involved in overseeing waste management: environment.211 Parks Victoria operates with These fires affected at least 60% of a Board reporting to the Minister for Energy, 01. The Environment Protection Authority Victoria’s national parks and nature 212 222 Environment and Climate Change. Victoria (EPA) is an independent statutory reserves, impacting significant authority, currently operating under the environmental assets and biodiversity. Parks Victoria partners with other Environment Protection Act 1970. The EPA government and non-government Climate change presents significant administers and enforces laws to protect organisations, Traditional Owners, challenges for parks and forests including the environment and public health from community groups, catchment longer fire seasons, coastal degradation pollution and waste in Victoria.216 On 1 management authorities, private and declining alpine snow.223 It will also July 2021, the Environment Protection landowners, friends groups, volunteers, influence the future location, extent and Amendment Act 2018 will come into effect licensed tour operators, lessees, research availability of habitats for flora and fauna.224 which will change how the EPA regulates institutes and the broader community pollution, waste and contamination in to keep parks healthy and resilient for Visitation numbers to parks have been Victoria, following a year's delay due to the current and future generations.213 growing. For instance, 242,000 people impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.217 visited the Twelve Apostles in December State forests are managed by the 2019, 12% higher than December 2018 02. Established under the Sustainability Department of Environment, Land, Water and 16% higher than December 2017.225 Victoria Act 2005, Sustainability Victoria and Planning, including fuel management.214 Growing visitor numbers across Victoria’s facilitates and promotes environmental A government-owned business, VicForests, parks and forests will require new sustainability in resource use.218 It supports is responsible for overseeing the harvest, infrastructure, and the maintenance of the waste industry and governments commercial sale and re-growing of timber existing assets, to keep up with demand. through education, research and data on behalf of the Victorian Government.215 This presents a significant opportunity to reporting to support planning. also support regional economies through Waste, recycling and Local governments plan, provide and attracting private sector investment resource recovery maintain services and infrastructure for the and bolstering tourism. Responsibility for the waste management local community, as well as undertake sector is divided between Australian, state strategic and statutory land use planning. and local governments. The Australian They are responsible for waste and Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 129
State forests are also under pressure from However, infrastructure investment alone will $15.9 million in 2021-22 towards transitioning commercial timber forestry not be able to address capacity gaps. For safeguarding marine and coastal from native forest harvesting to sustainable instance, plastics processing shortfalls are environments in the face of climate plantation-based timber supply. In late expected by 2025.233 But as its resource change.243 2019, the Victorian Government announced recovery rate is very low (23%), significant the Victorian Forestry Plan. The Victorian change in people’s recycling behaviour is Recent Australian Government investments Forestry Plan immediately banned logging also necessary to complement infrastructure include the Building Better Regions Fund, in old growth forests.226 Coupled with upgrades and improve recycling rates.234 to support investment in community and protections of the Greater Glider Action Similarly, organics present the biggest tourist infrastructure in regional areas, as Statement, this reduced the land available opportunity for household waste reduction well as funding under the COVID-19 for native timber by almost 200,000 through increased recycling.235 Response Package to upgrade World and hectares.227 It also provides a timetable and National Heritage sites. support package to transition the industry Recovering more resources presents Waste, recycling and away from native timber products to a significant economic opportunity, resource recovery sustainable plantation-based timber.228 particularly for organics, plastics, glass, and paper and cardboard.236 The Victorian Government has noted that Waste, recycling and Infrastructure Victoria’s Advice on Recycling resource recovery It also presents a significant opportunity to and Resource Recovery Infrastructure will move Victoria towards a circular economy Victoria is producing more waste today inform the implementation of its new waste where the environmental impacts of 244 than ever before. Between 2000 and 2018, policy Recycling Victoria – a new economy. production and consumption are reduced waste generation almost doubled from 7.4 Currently, the Victorian Government is by avoiding waste and re-using materials.237 million to 14.4 million tonnes.229 About 30% investing $300 million to expand the local Moving towards a circular economy will was buried in landfill and resource recovery recycling processing and manufacturing require a coordinated response from all rates have stagnated at just under 70% industry and support market development stakeholders, including governments, 245 of total waste.230 This poses a significant for recycled materials, including: businesses, households and industry. task for the Victorian waste, recycling Victorians feel strongly about recycling, \ $71.4 million to reduce waste crime, with and resource recovery system. with 89% of people we surveyed indicating more resources to stop illegal dumping Different waste streams have different they were open to changing the way and stockpiling, and deal with high-risk 238 246 current recovery rates, depending on how they sort and dispose of waste. sites and substances easy the material is to recover, its quality \ $39.5 million Recycling Victoria and how strong markets are for that Current key investments Infrastructure Fund which provides material. Victoria’s largest export partner, Parks and forests business grants to address infrastructure China, will no longer accept waste for gaps and to increase recycling capacity, Recent infrastructure investments recycling and the Council for Australian as well as new infrastructure to improve by the Victorian Government include: Governments, which Victoria is party to, the recycling of solvents from liquid has agreed to progressively ban waste 247 \ $120 million to help the forestry hazardous waste exports from 1 July 2020. This means a industry to transition to a plantation- \ $30.5 million Recycling Victoria step change in recycling and resource 239 based system Recycling Markets Acceleration package recovery for Victoria, which will require an which provides funding for research for expansion of infrastructure capacity and \ Over $70 million to create 30 new new product development using recycled capability for processing materials and campsites, upgrade 30 campsites, materials248 developing end markets, combined with upgrade 4WD tracks, create a new waste reduction efforts. coastal park on the Bass Coast, and to \ $10 million to expand waste-to-energy plan for a new hiking trail and associated initiatives for materials than cannot be The resource recovery sector will need to 240 infrastructure in East Gippsland recycled249 significantly expand capacity. We estimate \ Over $50 million to Parks Victoria to around 3.1 million tonnes per year of extra \ $10 million to businesses to improve maintain and upgrade a range of visitor processing capacity may be required over resource efficiency, reduce waste and facilities in parks across Victoria 241 the next twenty years, with investment increase recycling250 between $800 million to $1.1 billion needed \ $21 million to improve the parks and to deliver this.231 This includes 87 new or reserves estate 242 upgraded facilities, with 52 of those in regional Victoria.232 130 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
\ $7 million to establish a Business health service providers, residential aged Victorian Government budget funding, Innovation Centre for industry, universities care service providers, general practitioners, membership fees and transport fees.260 and councils to collaborate on reducing dentists, and community services and waste, increasing recycling and reuse and housing providers. Many community-based health and human generating new revenue streams for services are delivered by local government, business.251 The Australian Government plays many not-for-profit organisations and private roles in this sector including funding, organisations with the Australian and In the 2020-21 Budget, the Victorian service provision, regulation and policy Victorian Government playing a service Government also provided $40.9 million to development for various health and human planning and funding role. In many cases, fast track building regional material recovery services but does not own or manage the infrastructure is provided and managed facilities. The Australian Government also significant health and human services by the organisation providing the service. has a $190 million Recycling Modernisation infrastructure in Victoria. Fund, supplemented by state and territory The Victorian Government plays a larger contributions, to attract $600 million of The Victorian Department of Health and role in the social housing sector, as it plans, recycling investment. Human Services currently oversees the funds and delivers housing services. Social public health and human services system. housing is made up of public housing, It is responsible for providing high-quality owned by Victorian Government through 07. Health and health and human services across Victoria, the Director of Housing, and community human services which it does through a mix of direct housing which is managed by the delivery and funding service providers. community sector and subsidised by both Overview Ultimately, it makes decisions that influence the Australian and Victorian Governments the availability and quality of those public through infrastructure grants and Health and human services infrastructure services, as well as the infrastructure subsidisation of rents. provides every Victorian with access to supporting public service delivery. From high quality health care, and safety and February 2021, the Department of Health Challenges and opportunities security support services, which supports and Human Services will be separated into Victorians in living full, lasting lives. Victoria’s population and economy have two departments: a Department of Health grown fast in recent years, increasing and a Department of Families, Fairness and Health infrastructure includes over pressures on the health system. While 252 Housing. 150 public hospitals, over 80 private the COVID-19 pandemic has temporarily hospitals,253 and around 180 public The Victorian Health and Human Services slowed this growth, population and residential aged care facilities.254 It also Building Authority manages Victoria’s economic growth will likely resume in includes numerous ambulance stations and health, mental health and aged care the next 30 years. facilities for delivering community health, infrastructure, and is involved in investment public health, alcohol and other drug and The COVID-19 pandemic has also created planning, asset services, design and mental health services. These facilities are dramatic and rapid change for the health delivery of infrastructure.256 often co-located with other human services and human services sector. As essential and justice services. Public hospitals are typically run by services, health and human services have area-based health services which have continued to operate throughout the Human services infrastructure includes over Boards appointed by the Minister for pandemic, but some have had to rapidly 64,000 public housing dwellings,255 and Health. These health services are change to using ICT to deliver services family, residential, disability and youth care responsible for asset management, with remotely, becoming less reliant on facilities, including the Orange Door family the Victorian Health and Human Services infrastructure for service delivery. Continuing safety support hubs. Building Authority leading the development to embed technology in health and human of policies and guidelines to assist health services delivery is an opportunity that Governance services in effective asset management.257 could provide better, more efficient services for many Victorians and reduce The health and human services sector Victorian health services also operate 178 infrastructure demand. is highly regulated and complex, with public sector residential aged care services, numerous, diverse, and geographically 11% of the total number of residential aged 258 Health dispersed participants. The Australian, care in Victoria. A decade of rapid population growth was Victorian and local governments, as well as Operating under the Ambulance Services already placing stress on health care in private and not-for-profit service providers, Act 1986, Ambulance Victoria responds certain areas. Managing demand will be all play a role in the provision and to medical emergencies and provides an ongoing challenge. The greatest health maintenance of the infrastructure. Private high quality pre-hospital care and medical service gaps are in Melbourne’s outer north, and not-for-profit parties include private transport.259 It is funded from a mix of west and east, as well as in regional Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 131
locations such as northwest Victoria, Early findings from the Victorian Royal service continuity. An opportunity exists to Gippsland and Latrobe regions.261 Commission into Mental Health found better manage hospital infrastructure across Victoria’s mental health system was afflicted the asset lifecycle so that hospitals are The Victorian population is also ageing. by systemic failings,267 'woefully unprepared maintained, upgraded and renewed Previous projections estimated the number for current and future mental health to get the maximum life out of of Victorians over 85 years old could challenges',268 and 'does not provide those infrastructure assets. increase by 135% between 2015 and 2037, living with mental illness with what they and life expectancy could increase by 3.3% deserve or what we as a community should Managing health demand presents 262 annually. With older Victorians using demand.'269 Between 2003 and 2017, the opportunities to examine new models of health services more frequently, this proportion of adult Victorians diagnosed care. This could include improving will place extra pressure on existing with an anxiety or depressive disorder person-based, preventative health. This infrastructure, particularly in Victoria’s increased from 14.7% to 27.4%.270 In 2018, allows for early intervention and health care growth areas. Other challenges for the more than three times as many Victorians outside of an acute setting, reducing the health system arise from the rise in chronic died from suicide than from the road toll.271 pressure placed on public hospital disease, from more people surviving what infrastructure.276 Further exploration could were previously fatal conditions, rising costs Reforming the mental health system leverage existing opportunities, such as of care and technology, and community will be a key challenge for the Victorian Australian Government funding for Home expectations for better, more convenient Government, with the biggest opportunity Care Packages to support older Australians and personalised services.263 for a once-in-a-generation reform living in their own homes while connecting supported by a Royal Commission. them to essential care, and recent Further, complexity of the care needs of Work to deliver the Royal Commission's commitments to make home and people entering residential care is also interim recommendations is underway, community-based care more accessible increasing as community preferences for supported by significant funding, and through private health insurance, focussing care at home increases. The Royal final recommendations are due in early initially on mental health and general Commission into Aged Care Quality and 2021. With at least 45% of Victorians rehabilitation services. Safety has found the aged care system experiencing a mental health condition across Australia is ‘woefully inadequate’, in their lifetimes,272 achieving high quality The Travis Review provides illustrative ‘a shocking tale of neglect’ with many older services will require ongoing commitment examples of innovative activities such as people who receive aged care services to reform. alternative models for effective and efficient having ‘their basic human rights denied’.264 service delivery through nurse-led clinics It has found that the aged care system has Health infrastructure is currently activating and telehealth based models,277 as well as struggled to adapt to these developments, and sustaining capacity to respond to the recommending that systems be put in place as have specific providers.265 COVID-19 pandemic, including surge to encourage home-based care.278 Better capacity particularly for intensive care using technology to provide health services The Royal Commission is continuing its units,273 as well as measures to dedicate can help alleviate some demand to visit examination and will deliver its final report in areas of hospitals to look after COVID-19 health care services onsite, and can assist February 2021, which will provide significant patients exclusively.274 Adequate capacity in addressing inequities and inefficiencies in opportunities for improving Victorian aged and flexible infrastructure are proving outcomes between metropolitan and rural care services. Its early findings across aged valuable and hospital planning should patients. A highly networked, technology- care in Australia include that different care continue identifying infrastructure needs enabled system could provide many and funding models, investment in new for potential surge events. The trend toward services as close to home as is safe expertise, and ways to promote a stronger, greater use of digital technology to connect and appropriate.279 closer interface with the acute health care with health services has accelerated during 266 sector could deliver better outcomes. the pandemic, and telehealth services will Social housing likely play a much greater role in the future. Social housing is government-delivered The Australian Government has begun work or subsidised infrastructure, meeting the in preparation of implementing the Royal Asset management is also a key challenge. basic social need of providing adequate, Commission’s expected recommendations. Hospitals are valued at around $14.2 billion appropriate and affordable housing. This includes funding commitments in the 275 as a physical asset alone, representing a The need for social housing has been 2020-21 Budget to support the proposed significant portion of the Victorian increasing. For instance, the number new Australian National Aged Care Government’s asset base. Managing this of low-income households in rental stress, Classification funding model, and programs asset base so that it remains functional, as defined in the National Housing and to support the reduction of younger operational and effective becomes even Homelessness Agreement, has grown persons in aged care. more important as hospital demand grows. by nearly 60% over the decade to Ageing and deteriorating assets create 2018, numbering more than 140,000 problems for health care access and households.280 132 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Homelessness is clear evidence that opportunities where infrastructure could establishes a new relationship between Victoria’s housing need is not being met. play a role: family safety, supporting government and the Victorian Aboriginal According to the definition of the Australian Aboriginal self-determination, and disability. community, which will see continued strong Bureau of Statistics (ABS), approximately leadership from the alliance and enduring 25,000 Victorians were homeless on In Australia, violence in intimate commitment from all parties to improve census night in 2016.281 Numbers have relationships contributes more to the outcomes for Victorian Aboriginal children been rising since the ABS first reported disease burden (cost of disease) for women and families, and those residing in on homelessness in the 2001 census. aged 18 to 44 years than any other risk Victoria.296 However, not all categories identified by the factor such as smoking, alcohol use or 286 ABS have been changing at the same rate. being overweight or obese. As the National Disability Insurance Scheme People classified as homeless due to living is implemented, the Victorian Government’s Every two minutes family violence results in in severely crowded dwellings has been role has been changing. For instance, it is a police call-out across Australia,287 and the largest contributor to the increase in transferring government disability services women are five times more likely than men Victoria over the last decade.282 and respite services to non-government to require hospitalisation due to family providers but is retaining ownership of 288 Social housing comprises a considerable violence. Violence against women costs government disability accommodation.297 Victorian Government asset held by the Australia $21.7 billion per year, and is Victorian Government disability Director of Housing, totalling $26.5 billion in the leading driver of homelessness for accommodation comprises a large 289 June 2019.283 However, Victoria’s supply of women. In March 2016, the Royal proportion of the total stock, and much of it social housing has not kept pace with Commission into Family Violence in Victoria is ageing and may need to evolve to match population growth over the last twenty made 227 recommendations, all accepted more contemporary person-based service 290 years. Since 1998, Victoria’s population has by the Victorian Government. In addition delivery models. A Royal Commission into increased by nearly 1.5 million people, but to better outcomes for all Victorians, Violence, Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation the number of public housing properties implementing reforms can better manage of People with Disability was established owned by the Director of Housing has only demand on health and justice infrastructure, in April 2019 in response to community increased by 89.284 Victoria’s public housing and provide for tailored infrastructure concern about the treatment of people stock is also in poor condition and not that better meets specific needs. with disability. The Commission is due configured for demand. Nearly half of to report by 29 April 2022.298 Aboriginal self-determination empowers Victorian social housing tenants live alone, communities to plan, own and operate and nearly half of social housing dwellings Key challenges for the Victorian infrastructure that delivers culturally have three bedrooms. This problem is even Government also include adopting universal appropriate services.291 Aboriginal more pronounced for new applicants, as design principles and improving community ownership and control of around 80% are seeking one- or two- accessibility across all departments and social infrastructure already helps to deliver bedroom dwellings.285 agencies for all infrastructure. This will quality services, and demonstrates better involve retrofitting infrastructure and Viewing social housing as infrastructure can outcomes are achieved when Aboriginal meeting legislative requirements for create opportunities for the sector. It can people have a genuine say in the design accessibility, such as for tram stops. 292 encourage governments to manage their and delivery of services that affect them. In line with the approach, the Victorian social housing portfolio in a planning, Current key investments financially sustainable way, like other Government is transferring ownership The Victorian Government has a number infrastructure sectors. This can include of 1,448 social housing properties 293 of major health and human services undertaking a planned asset management to Aboriginal Housing Victoria. infrastructure projects underway. In the cycle to procurement, operation, Some forms of social housing aim 2020-21 Budget, it provided significant maintenance and disposal of assets, specifically to contribute to Aboriginal and funding to health and aged care projects, coordinated with a long-term pipeline for Torres Strait Islander community wellbeing including: planned expansion at an appropriate scale. through attempting to improve housing \ $562 million to expand the Frankston Human services outcomes, particularly in remote areas and discrete communities.294 Wungurilwil Hospital, $384.2 million for the Human services are quite diverse, reflecting Gapgapduir – the Aboriginal Children and Warrnambool Base Hospital the different needs of different people in Families Agreement and Strategic Action redevelopment, and $217 million for different circumstances. In some cases, Plan is an overarching strategic response to the Latrobe Hospital expansion299 responding to a need requires action across improving the lives of vulnerable Aboriginal the health, human services and sometimes \ $492 million responding to interim children and young people through the justice sectors. Three key areas stand recommendations of the Royal self-determination.295 The agreement out with specific challenges and Commission into Victoria's Mental Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 133
Health System to deliver 120 mental and market homes for first home buyers Governance health beds300 and renters over the next four years.311 The Victorian Government is responsible \ $75 million to purchase land and The Director of Housing has $1.8 billion of for overseeing the operation, management, undertake detailed capital planning and new and existing infrastructure projects.312 development and funding of justice and 301 early works for the new Melton Hospital Recent investments include: emergency services. It also makes decisions that influence the availability and \ $10 million for planning to redevelop the \ $209 million for new housing, including quality of justice services for every Victorian. Royal Melbourne Hospital, $4.8 million for 800 one and two-bedroom properties service and capital planning for the and 200 three-bedroom properties313 There are many agencies involved in justice Werribee expansion, and $4.5 million to and emergency services infrastructure, plan and design the Angliss Hospital \ $185 million in the Public Housing reflecting the various levels of operational expansion302 Renewal Program314 and decision-making independence from \ $200 million to establish a new \ $160 million towards the 600-unit government. Metropolitan Health Infrastructure Fund303 Heidelberg public housing The Department of Justice and Community redevelopment315 \ $210.3 million to support medical Safety oversees Victoria’s justice and research, including contributing toward a \ $146 million towards the 246-unit emergency services. As part of this new Australian Institute for Infectious Carlton public housing redevelopment316 department, the Community Safety Building Disease, and $25 million to assist \ $59 million towards upgrading low-rise Authority designs, procures, builds and co-locating the Victorian Melanoma public housing in 2019-20 and $19.2 upgrades Victoria’s prisons, youth justice Service, Alfred Cancer Services and the million towards upgrading high-rise centres, court and custody facilities, Australian Clinical Trials Centre304 public housing.317 emergency services facilities and public safety features such as CCTV networks.318 \ $134.6 million for a new 150-bed The Emergency Services Infrastructure public residential aged care facility at Authority, a part of the Community Safety the Monash Health Kingston Campus, Building Authority, supports infrastructure Cheltenham305 08. Justice and for volunteer brigades and units within the \ $120.9 million to deliver more hospital emergency Victoria State Emergency Service, Life services in patients' homes306 services Saving Victoria and Marine Search and Rescue.319 This builds on previous committed Overview infrastructure, including: The judiciary system is independent from Justice and emergency services executive government. Court Services \ $1.5 billion to build a new Footscray infrastructure serves to protect the Victoria was established in 2014 as an Hospital, and $564 million for the community, hold offenders accountable, independent statutory body corporate to Victorian Heart Hospital307 help emergency services aid Victorians provide services and facilities to Victoria’s \ $162 million for the Northern Hospital each day, improve community resilience courts, the Victorian Civil and Administrative inpatient expansion and $139.8 million and respond to danger and major Tribunal and the Judicial College toward the Casey Hospital expansion308 disasters including bushfires, floods, of Victoria.320 heatwaves and pandemics. It supports \ $464 million toward the Ballarat Health Victorians to feel safe in their homes and The Victorian Government also funds some Services expansion and redevelopment, communities, and free from harm. legal services as part of the justice system. and $171.2 million to redevelop Goulburn The Office of Public Prosecutions Victoria is 309 Valley Health facilities Victoria’s justice and emergency services Victoria’s public prosecutions service and is infrastructure includes stations and facilities responsible for prosecuting serious criminal During the COVID-19 pandemic, the for emergency services, courts and matters on behalf of Victoria.321 Victoria Victorian and Australian Governments both tribunals, remand centres, prisons and Legal Aid provides free legal information and made significant investments in hospital youth justice facilities. These services are education to all Victorians, and legal advice capacity and mental health. underpinned by specialised vehicles and and representation to those who meet the For social housing, the Victorian equipment, and ICT including case eligibility requirements such as financial 322 Government announced its Big Housing management systems, public safety needs and individual circumstances. Build program.310 It is investing $5.3 billion systems and mobile communications to There are 48 Community Legal Centres 323 in more than 9,300 new social housing support operations. across Victoria, which are independent dwellings, $300 million to upgrade existing community organisations that provide free 324 public housing, and 2,900 new affordable legal services to the public. 134 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Corrections Victoria sets strategy, policy is in charge of preventing aquatic related and increasing volumes of evidence.343 and standards for the management death and injury, including in public pools There is an opportunity through policy of Victoria’s correctional facilities.325 and beaches across Victoria. It employs reform to deliver diversionary policies It undertakes business planning and around 500 staff and has more than 37,000 and programs to manage demand on initiatives, and manages correctional members.333 the justice system. infrastructure programs.326 There are 11 publicly operated prisons, three Marine Search and Rescue is a volunteer Courts privately operated prisons and one organisation that provides emergency As the number of cases rise, they can transition centre.327 assistance to vessels along Victoria's create increasing backlogs and reduced coastline, out at sea, and in many inland clearance rates in Victoria’s courts. In 334 Victoria’s emergency services include waterways. Victoria, backlogs are higher than the police, fire, rescue, ambulance and other national benchmark for processing in an Emergency Management Victoria is the emergency services. Each have their own expeditious and timely manner.344 The coordinating body for emergency legislation and independent operational Melbourne legal precinct is already under preparedness, response and recovery across decision-making powers. The Emergency pressure and faces a particular challenge Victoria's emergency management sector in Services Telecommunications Authority from limited land available to expand the conjunction with communities, government, links the community with Victoria’s physical infrastructure.345 Across Victoria, agencies and business.335 It is led by the emergency services, providing the 24-hour courts’ ability to respond to increased Emergency Management Commissioner. emergency call-taking and dispatch demand is challenged by inflexible court services for police, fire, ambulance and the Bushfire Recovery Victoria is a permanent buildings and systems, which can constrain 328 Victoria State Emergency Services. 346 dedicated agency which works directly with service delivery improvements. For instance, the current method of courts Victoria Police operates under the Victoria local communities impacted by bushfires to operation has not been able to meet the Police Act 2013 and provides multiple rebuild and recover. It is coordinating and increasing complexity and number of cases services. This includes responding to calls overseeing the implementation of the going to trial, with the Supreme Court in for assistance of personal and public safety, Eastern Victorian Fires 2019-20 State particular under real strain and pressure.347 emergencies and serious incidents, crime Recovery Plan which includes buildings and infrastructure recovery.336 prevention, and detecting and investigating This is due to a combination of factors in 329 offences. addition to infrastructure, including late Challenges and opportunities mistrials, diversion of resources from trials Victoria’s fire prevention, preparedness Justice overview and more not guilty pleas. and response services are delivered by The justice system is highly interdependent the Country Fire Authority and Fire Rescue Opportunities exist to improve the physical between police, courts and corrections. Victoria. The Country Fire Authority is and operational connections in Victoria’s Increased demand in one part can lead to Victoria’s volunteer fire service operating courts. The COVID-19 pandemic has 330 impacts on other parts of the system, as from more than 1,200 stations. Fire impacted how justice is administered in well as health and human services. Police Rescue Victoria serves metropolitan courts and tribunals; a transformation numbers have increased from 14,695 to Melbourne and major regional centres, greater than in any recent times. It has 331 15,703 police between 2018 and 2020.337, operating out of 85 stations. Some necessitated change to the protocols 338 There has been an 86.2% increase in Country Fire Authority and Fire Rescue and procedures which courts have the number of prisoners in Victoria's prison Victoria stations are co-located. traditionally relied upon.348 There are system over the last ten years, from 4,350 opportunities to continue the positive Several more volunteer-based organisations prisoners in 2009 to 8,101 in June 2019.339 changes through embracing new keep Victorians safe and provide emergency The adult imprisonment rate was 157 technology to transform the workings assistance. The Victoria State Emergency prisoners per 100,000 adult population in of Victoria’s courts: case management Service is a volunteer-based organisation, 2019.340 The courts are projecting service systems (CMS), eLodgement, virtual courts, providing emergency assistance and helping demand in the CBD alone to increase by in-court technology and online service communities plan, respond and recover 26.8% by 2031.341 channels including online dispute resolution. when emergencies occur. The Victoria State New courts infrastructure can also better Emergency Service is a statewide service Across the police, courts and corrections accommodate demand across courts with nearly 150 units. It is the control agency system, growing and changing population jurisdictions with flexible and multi- for flood, storm, tsunami, earthquake and contributes to demand for justice services. jurisdictional facilities, serving all court landslide incidents throughout Victoria and But it is also influenced by policy changes jurisdictions and specialist courts, along operates under the Victoria State in sentencing, bail and family violence,342 with greater video and digital capabilities. Emergency Act 2005 and Emergency increased detection and reporting, growing Management Victoria.332 Life Saving Victoria complexity and volume of criminal cases, Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 135
Corrections contact with the system, the life outcomes presence in the community. Victoria Police Adequate corrections infrastructure is for young people are poor with no change is embarking on a Service Delivery Reform 357 important to safely house prisoners. in offending patterns. program, which provides an opportunity Overcrowding within prisons and to improve technology and infrastructure Victoria’s two youth justice facilities are management cells can lead to increased for a responsive, visible and modern under pressure due to incidents at both prisoner incidents. In 2012, the Victorian police service. sites in 2016 and 2017, resulting in Auditor-General found the rate of serious reduced accommodation and subsequent Emergency services incidents per prisoner, such as assaults, overcrowding, forcing corrections to attempted suicides and self-mutilation, The frequency and impact of extreme use isolation and admission cells as 349 weather events and natural disasters doubled over a period of six years. 358 bedrooms. In addition, the design and is projected to increase in Victoria.365 The recent demand on Victoria’s prison organisation of accommodation spaces Emergency services face a great challenge system has rapidly increased, particularly do not provide optimal conditions for the to prepare for, respond to, provide relief through growth in prisoners on remand.350 delivery of therapeutic services for young and assist recovery from disastrous events. 359 Media reports note prisoner growth is people. The Victorian Government is In 2020 alone, Victoria has experienced projected to reach 11,130 by 2023, an developing a new youth justice facility and some of the most damaging bushfires in increase of over 3,000 prisoners from 2019 has undertaken a comprehensive review its history,366 and the COVID-19 pandemic 360 levels.351 Increased infrastructure spending of the youth justice system. This provides has led to both a ‘State of Disaster’ and can meet this demand at a high cost. significant opportunity to deliver better ‘State of Emergency’ being declared. The costs of housing prisoners are some outcomes for young people, and improve of the highest in Australia.352 The average long-term planning for infrastructure that These risks have not been unforeseen. annual maintenance cost per inmate can supports young people’s needs. In 2014, the highest priority emergency be up to 133% higher for facilities with a risks were identified as bushfire, flood Police 367 high risk of obsolescence, and corrective and pandemic influenza. Other natural maintenance costs for ageing infrastructure Policing is also changing, with the sector disasters include heatwave, severe storms are expensive.353 facing increasing complexity in dealing with and earthquakes. Risk comes about when crime, and changing public expectations a hazard, particularly geophysical hazards Opportunities exist to meet demand with how the police engage with the such as bushfire, flood, landslip, storm, changes through strengthening community.361 Legislation has further earthquake and tsunami, are combined infrastructure planning and deploying increased demands on police in areas with an exposed and vulnerable population options such as reserving land early, such as mental health, drug abuse, family and its assets.368 expansion options for buildings and using violence, traffic offences and sex offenders. innovative methods for rapid deployment, There is also much more interaction with Emergency services require infrastructure to such as prefabricated modular cells. These other agencies to deal with the causes of perform their role. Since 2014, Emergency measures can also be supported by policy harmful behaviours.362 The pressures on Management Victoria is responsible for reforms that reduce long-term demand Victoria Police cannot be relieved by the strategic planning of the sector. from offending, including diversionary and traditional methods of investment due to Opportunities to increase capital and treatment programs and the application lower revenue growth and increased ICT infrastructure integration, including of best practice to reduce the likelihood demand on public expenditure.363 interoperability of equipment across of reoffending. agencies, can boost the sector’s capacity A key challenge is adapting operations, and better leverage expertise and Victoria’s youth justice system is part of the including suitable infrastructure and infrastructure.369 overall criminal justice system but also equipment to support changes in policing. intersects with the child welfare system.354 For instance, police station locations could Emergencies also test the resilience, While overall numbers of young people better match where there is demand for and demonstrate the vulnerabilities, of involved in youth justice has been in policing. This creates an opportunity to Victoria’s infrastructure. A key challenge is decline, the nature of crimes are more examine service delivery models and overcoming fragmentation across agencies serious, with crimes against a person infrastructure needs to support a more agile which Emergency Management Victoria steadily rising.355 The performance of the workforce, with increased community leads, and a key opportunity is to build up system is poor compared to other presence and more preventative policing.364 resilience before events occur, including Australian jurisdictions. For instance, This could include hub and spoke models improving asset maintenance. Victoria has the highest recorded rates of enabled through technology. Further Critical infrastructure systems, networks assaults in custody, and has the most efficiencies could be realised through and supply chains are increasingly complex expensive youth justice system per capita, reducing the number of police stations and interconnected, with disruptions in one yet little difference in outcomes.356 Once in while still supporting an increased police sector able to quickly affect other sectors 136 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
and having the potential to cause serious \ $272 million for a new Wyndham sewerage pipelines; irrigation pipelines, cascading failures. Critical infrastructure Law Court 379 channels and drains; desalination plant; owners and operators need to be able to and urban drainage systems. \ $124.4 million for prison capacity respond to the vulnerabilities and expansion in Melbourne380 dependencies in their own sector and be Water resources include surface water able to operate during crises.370 \ $66.8 million for a courts case (waterways such as rivers, creeks and management system381 streams, and bodies of water such as lakes, A key opportunity is to continue reservoirs, dams and wetlands), groundwater strengthening agencies’ emergency \ $112.4 million for critical and urgent (water found in spaces and fractures in rock preparedness and response capabilities. bushfire ecoveryr initiatives, including and sediment underneath the ground’s restoring the road network, rebuilding surface), recycled water (wastewater treated There are currently major reviews and affected infrastructure and replacing to a standard appropriate for its intended inquiries underway examining Victoria’s water equipment, to be administered by use) and desalinated water (salty water, 382 preparedness and response to the 2020 Bushfire Recovery Victoria. A further such as seawater, treated by removing summer bushfires and COVID-19 pandemic $20.1 million will go toward bushfire dissolved salts). emergencies. Reviews and inquiries provide rebuilding, including the establishment valuable insight and opportunities for of a Retreat and Resettlement program, In 2018-19, Victoria’s public water continuous improvement. Major reviews and an expanded Short-Term Modular corporations provided services to over 2.8 and inquiries include: Housing Program383 million customers, employed around 6,000 staff, collected $6.3 billion in revenue, \ $19.1 million towards critical police \ The Australian Government’s Royal invested $1.8 billion on capital works, and stations and $5 million for mobile police Commission into National Natural 387 384 held around $15.7 billion in total borrowings. Disaster Arrangements371 stations In 2018-19, nearly 12,100 GL of water \ The Victorian Inspector-General for \ $10 million for Country Fire Authority was available in Victoria from surface water, Emergency Management’s Inquiry Stations program, $10.5 million for the groundwater and recycled water, down into the 2019-20 Fire Season372 new Craigieburn fire station, $3.75 million 388 for the Truganina fire station and $3.75 from 15,400 GL in 2017-18. Nearly 4,000 \ The Victorian Parliament’s Inquiry into million for the Wyndham Vale fire station385 GL of water was for consumptive use in Tackling Climate Change in Victorian 2018-19.389 Agriculture was the largest Communities373 \ $231.6 million towards the initial user with irrigation using around 77% implementation of the fire service reform, of consumptive water.390 \ The Australian Senate Standing including funding for the replacement of Committee on Finance and Public 15 fire stations, a new fire station at Governance Administration Inquiry into lessons to Clyde and replacement of 50 firefighting be learned in relation to the Australian appliances. The Water Act 1989 sets the authorising 374 bushfire season 2019-20 environment for Victoria’s water sector.
\ The Commonwealth Scientific and The water sector is made up of 19 Industrial Research Organisation’s Report government-owned statutory authorities, on Climate and Disaster Resilience.375 09. Water known as public water corporations. Two will merge from 1 July 2021. Each public \ The COVID-19 Hotel Quarantine Inquiry. Overview water corporation has a Board appointed by the Minister for Water. There are also 10 Current key investments Victoria’s water resources are needed Catchment Management Authorities, the across the state – by households, Victorian Environmental Water Holder and The Victorian Government funds most communities, industry, and the the Victorian Catchment Management of the infrastructure for the justice and environment. Sustainably accessing Council. The Constitution Act 1975 sets out emergency services sector. Key adequate quantities of acceptable that public authorities are to remain investments include: quality water is needed for many responsible for water services.391 \ Nearly $1.3 billion to boost men’s prison different purposes. The Water Act 1989 lists a range of system capacity and $190 million for The water sector covers water supply, purposes for the water sector, including the women’s prison system capacity376 irrigation and salinity mitigation, wastewater promotion of orderly, equitable and efficient \ Nearly $700 million for the Chisholm management, waterway management, use of water resources while making sure Road Prison Project (previously known regional drainage and floodplain water resources are used sustainably for as the Lara Prison precinct)377 management. Key infrastructure includes the benefit of present and future Victorians, dams, storages and weirs; water and \ $278.4 million for a new youth across economic, social, cultural and wastewater treatment plants; water and 392 justice facility at Cherry Creek378 environmental needs. It sets out the Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 137
authorising environment for how water is salinity mitigation services. The remaining assessment programs and long-term managed and provided for various needs public water corporation provides both planning for the use and allocation of and consumers. Infrastructure is needed urban and rural services.393 water.395 Public water corporations are to support this provision. responsible for urban water and rural water Melbourne Water Corporation provides bulk planning within their regions.396 In Victoria, the roles and responsibilities for water and bulk sewerage services to water policy, regulation and service delivery are corporations in the Melbourne metropolitan The public water corporations operate under separated and distributed across many area and manages rivers, creeks and major an economic regulatory framework. Water different entities, including Victorian drainage systems in the Melbourne, Port pricing and investment is overseen by the Government departments and agencies, Phillip and Westernport regions. It also Essential Services Commission, which local government, and multiple public water supplies recycled water, through several assesses and determines maximum prices, or corporations. retail public water corporations, for irrigation the way prices are to be calculated for water and other purposes,394 though it is not the services. The Essential Services Commission Water services are delivered by the public sole supplier for recycled water. also sets customer service standards through water corporations. Currently 15 public water codes and guidelines.397 urban water corporations provide water The Minister for Water, with the Department supply (including recycled water) and of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Drinking water quality is regulated by the sewage and trade waste disposal services sets water policy and, together with the Department of Health and Human Services to urban customers throughout Victoria. Treasurer, supported by the Department of which is responsible for safe drinking water Three public water corporations provide Treasury and Finance, provides governance legislation and regulation.398 Environmental rural water services which include delivering and performance oversight for the water quality standards for waste water water for irrigation, domestic and stock sector. The Minister for Water is also discharges to land or waterways are purposes and associated drainage, and responsible for statewide water resource regulated by the Environment Protection
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650650 De an De an range range ig est ig est a ro a ro su y su y e e e e 600600 e iu e iu e an e an In theIn the lowest lowest supply supply 550550 andand highest highest demand demand scenario.scenario. we'd we'd have have a shortfalla shortfall of ofwater water e iu e iu su y su y 500500 of ofover over 0 0 y y 0 0
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Source: City West Water et al., Water for a future-thriving Melbourne, 2017, p. 15, www.melbournewater.com.au/sites/default/files/2017-10/Water-for-future- thriving-Melbourne_0.pdf 138 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Authority Victoria. Public water corporations Melbourne as soon as 2028 unless action is such as when options for future supply are subject to policies, licences and works taken.405 Under a medium water demand augmentation are being considered.412 approvals which set out the operating and medium climate change scenario, water Changing expectations and needs align conditions, waste discharge limits and shortages could emerge from 2043.406 with the water sector’s changing approach waste acceptance conditions of public to create water sensitive cities through water corporations’ operating sites.399 Both of these scenarios would require integrated water cycle management consideration of water efficiency initiatives planning. The community can influence The Australian Government also holds an and diverse sources of water, as well as the changing role of water services, 407 interest in national water policy, establishing major water supply augmentation. and contribute to infrastructure planning the National Water Grid Authority to work Efficient long-term planning and clear including the nature of investments with state and territory governments to decision-making processes will support and timing. identify, plan and invest in priority projects efficient and timely investments. to grow agriculture, build resilience to As rainfall-dependent water supplies drought and support regional areas. Supply shortfalls could appear even sooner become more constrained from a warmer, in some regional areas of Victoria. Some drier climate, alternative water sources will regional and rural areas are particularly Challenges and opportunities need to be deeply explored. Recycled vulnerable to low levels of water security, water and stormwater offer significant Challenges especially during extended dry periods. opportunity to expand Victoria’s water Victoria’s water supplies are under pressure Unless action is taken, shortfalls may occur resources and assist with mitigating water from both population growth and climate as early as 2025 in Coliban’s service area, security risks in the future. change. This has implications for water which includes Bendigo,408 and by 2031 investments to meet these challenges. in areas serviced by Western Water which Current use of recycled water and includes Bacchus Marsh, Melton, Sunbury stormwater resources is low. For instance, When the Victorian Government’s water and parts of the Macedon Ranges.409 of the 461 gigalitres of wastewater plan, Water for Victoria, was released, produced in 2018-19, most was treated Victoria was projected to reach 10.1 Climate change has implications for water for release into the ocean with only 22% million people by 2051.400 The COVID-19 infrastructure in two ways. Emissions recycled.413 The largest single volume of pandemic has temporarily slowed this generated from water infrastructure and recycled water is available at the Eastern growth, and Victoria’s population pathway its activities will need to be mitigated. Treatment Plant, where around 120 is uncertain. But eventually, population Infrastructure will also need to operate gigalitres of Class A water is produced and economic growth will likely resume under warmer, drier conditions with each year. Most of this high-quality water is in the next 30 years. increased frequency of intense weather discharged into Bass Strait.414 More water events such as flooding, storm surges and in Victoria could be recycled and reused Victoria’s climate varies across the state. bushfires. The water sector is responsible where there are significant economic, social Long-term observed records show that for 24% of government’s emissions, the and environmental benefits to do so. This Victoria’s climate is changing under the largest share. It is followed by rail (19%), will require further effort to identify and influence of global warming.401 other government (19%), and health care address barriers to increased use of (18%).410 Acknowledging this, the Victorian The severity of the Millennium Drought has recycled water. Government released the Pilot Water been linked to human-induced climate Sector Climate Change Adaptation Action Increasing urbanisation creates an immense change.402 Climate projections indicate Plan. This includes a commitment for opportunity to capture and re-use Victoria will become warmer and drier in the Victorian water sector to reduce stormwater that runs off from impervious the future, with annual rainfall projected to its greenhouse gas emissions by 42% surfaces, such as roads and other decline across the state, meaning future by 2025.411 development. In Melbourne alone, streamflow is also expected to decline.403 stormwater volume in 2015-16 was These changes could lead to reduced Opportunities estimated at 349 gigalitres, of which 337 runoff into rivers and dams and less Alongside the challenges posed by gigalitres flows relatively uncontrolled reliable filling of water storages.404 population growth and climate change, and untreated to waterways, which can With growing demand and projected there are changing community expectations create environmental problems.415 This is supply constraints, urban water strategies and customer needs surrounding the water significant because Melbourne’s water have been developed by public water sector. Increasingly, the provision of water consumption was 516 gigalitres,416 meaning corporations for their supply districts. services is being viewed within the context capturing and re-using more stormwater In the metropolitan area, under a high of delivering broader liveability benefits. reduces pressures on water supply. water demand and high climate change Customers also expect to be more Infrastructure can play a role in increased scenario, water shortages could emerge in meaningfully engaged in decision-making, capture and use of this water, and in Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 139
reducing runoff through changed urban Current key investments \ $48.4 million water projects package, design and construction. including: $10.4 million for Phase 2 of the Public water corporations have significant Macalister Irrigation District Modernisation investment underway, with an extra $7 As the roles and responsibilities for different project; $10.3 million bushfire recovery billion of new projects in 2020-21 alone.420 elements of water management can sit with funding to restore waterway and As the water sector is under economic several entities and bodies, addressing the catchment health and to replace essential regulation, most investment is funded via barriers to these opportunities will require infrastructure such as water monitoring water bills. For instance, Melburnians pay examining current governance and policy stations, emergency water supply points for the Victorian Desalination Plant via their settings. Governance is a term that and flood warning gauges; and $10.7 water bills. The Victorian Government also encompasses the rules, policies, practices, million for integrated water management provides budget funding for select projects, processes and institutional arrangements projects424 that drive decisions about achieving as well as the Australian Government. objectives around the management of \ $40 million towards the $88.9 million Significant projects by the public water 425 urban water resources and services.417 South West Loddon Pipeline project corporations include: \ $224 million to improve regional waterway Water efficiency also presents an \ $530 million for the Eastern treatment and catchment health426 opportunity, including through modernising plant projects and $650.9 million for the irrigation systems, supporting the \ $5.1 million to extend protections for Western treatment plant projects421 development of efficient water markets and waterways in Melbourne’s west and to demand management. Permanent water \ $43.8 million for East Grampians rural continue to improve management of the saving rules remain in place,418 and the water supply422 Yarra River427 Victorian Government maintains its Target \ $31.4 million for projects relating to the \ $500,000 for a feasibility study examining 155 program, encouraging Melburnians Parwan-Balliang irrigation district.423 potential infrastructure options for to limit water consumption to 155 litres expanding irrigation development in person per day.419 Recent projects supported with Victorian Central Gippsland.428 Government budget funding include: 140 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
State of infrastructure endnotes
1 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure 12 United Nations, Paris Agreement, 2015, 23 Department of Transport, Governance 36 Department of Environment, Land, Water Capability Assessment Culture, Civic, Article 4(1), unfccc.int/files/essential_ [website] https://transport.vic.gov.au/ and Planning, Victorian Greenhouse Gas Sport, Recreation and Tourism (report for background/convention/application/pdf/ about/governance (accessed 14 Emissions Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, www. english_paris_agreement.pdf September 2020) 2019, pp. 22-23, www.climatechange. infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ uploads/2019/04/160229-CCSRT- 13 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 24 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, file/0016/443014/Victorian-Greenhouse- Final-1.pdf Change, Climate Change 2014: ‘Victoria’s biggest transport program’ Gas-Emissions-Report-2019.pdf Mitigation of Climate Change – Working [website] https://bigbuild.vic.gov.au/ 2 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure Group III contribution to the Fifth about (accessed 14 September 2020) 37 Department of Environment, Land, Water Capability Assessment Education and Assessment Report of the and Planning, Victorian Greenhouse Gas Training (report for Infrastructure Victoria), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 25 VicRoads, Pavement Management Emissions Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ Change, 2014, pp. 927, 951, www.ipcc. Strategic Plan Overview, August 2017, p. 2019, p. 3, www.climatechange.vic.gov. wp-content/uploads/2019/04/160229- ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_ 4, www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/-/media/files/ au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/443014/ Education-Final-1.pdf wg3_ar5_full.pdf documents/utilities/about-vr/strategy/ Victorian-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions- stu_01134_pavement-strategy_web.ashx Report-2019.pdf 3 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure 14 The Infrastructure Sustainability Council Capability Assessment Energy (report for of Australia, ClimateWorks Australia 26 Vic Councils, ‘Roads & transport’ 38 Department of Environment, Land, Water Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, www. and the Australian Sustainable Built [website] www.viccouncils.asn.au/ and Planning, Victorian Greenhouse Gas infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ Environment Council, Reshaping what-councils-do/council-services/ Emissions Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, uploads/2019/04/160229-Energy- infrastructure for a net zero emission roads-and-transport (accessed 14 2019, p. 13, www.climatechange.vic.gov. Final-1.pdf future – Issues Paper, March 2020, p.15, September 2020) au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/443014/ www.climateworksaustralia.org/ Victorian-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions- 27 Victrack, Annual Report 2018-19, 4 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ Report-2019.pdf Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 14, www. Capability Assessment Health and ISCA-CWA-ASBEC-Reshaping- victrack.com.au/-/media/victrack/ Human Services (report for Infrastructure Infrastructure-Issues-Paper-March-2020_ 39 Department of Environment, Land, Water documents/annual-reports/ Victoria), 2016, www. FINAL-web.pdf and Planning, Victorian Greenhouse Gas infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ victrack-annual-report--2018_19.pdf Emissions Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, uploads/2019/04/160229-Health-and- 15 National Climate Change Adaptation 2019, p. 22, www.climatechange.vic.gov. 28 Metro Trains, ‘Who we are’ [website] Human-Services-Final.pdf Research Facility, Climate proofing au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/443014/ www.metrotrains.com.au/who-we-are/ Australia’s infrastructure - Policy Victorian-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions- (accessed 14 September 2020) 5 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure Guidance Brief 7, www.nccarf.edu.au/ Report-2019.pdf Capability Assessment Information and sites/default/files/attached_files_ 29 Yarra Trams, ‘Facts & figures’ [website] Communications Technology (report for 40 VicRoads, Climate Change Risk publications/INFRASTRUCTURE_A4- https://yarratrams.com.au/facts-figures Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, www. Assessment, Melbourne, VIC, 2015, Webview.pdf (accessed 14 September 2020) infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/-/media/files/ uploads/2019/04/160229-ICT-Final-1.pdf 16 Infrastructure Australia, Assessment 30 Department of Transport, ‘Buses vital to documents/utilities/about-vr/strategy/ framework for initiatives and projects to integrated network’ [website] https:// climate-change-adaptation-strategy.ashx 6 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure be included in the Infrastructure Priority transport.vic.gov.au/getting-around/ Capability Assessment Justice and 41 Major Transport Infrastructure Authority, List, March 2018, p.120, www. public-transport/buses (accessed 14 Emergency Services, (report for ‘Victoria’s Big Build’ [website] https:// infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/sites/ September 2020) Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, www. default/files/2019-06/infrastructure_ bigbuild.vic.gov.au/about (accessed 2 infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ australia_assessment_framework_2018. 31 Department of Transport, ‘About December 2020) uploads/2019/04/160229-Justice-Final. pdf Victoria's commercial ports’ [website] 42 WSP, Latest evidence on induced travel pdf https://transport.vic.gov.au/ demand: an evidence review, 17 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure ports-and-freight/commercial-ports 7 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure Manchester, May 2018, https://assets. Capability Assessment: Transport (report (accessed 14 September 2020) Capability Assessment Science, for Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, p. 6, publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ Agriculture and Environment (report for www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ 32 Transport for Victoria, Delivering the uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, www. wp-content/uploads/2019/04/160229- Goods: Creating Victorian Jobs – data/file/762976/latest-evidence-on- infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ Transport-Final-1.pdf Victorian Freight Plan, Melbourne, VIC, induced-travel-demand-an-evidence- uploads/2019/04/160229-Agriculture- 2018, p. 7, https://transport.vic.gov.au/-/ review.pdf Environment-and-Science-Final.pdf 18 Arup and AECOM, Strategy Update media/tfv-documents/ports-and-freight/ 43 Infrastructure Victoria, Good Move: Fixing Problem Definition Modelling Outcomes delivering-the-goods.pdf 8 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure (report for Infrastructure Victoria), Transport Congestion, Melbourne, VIC, Capability Assessment Transport (report November 2020, p. 22. 33 Infrastructure Victoria, Preparing Advice 2020, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ for Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, www. on Victoria’s Future Ports Capacity wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 19 Department of Transport, Delivering the Discussion Paper, September 2016, p. 9, Good-Move-fixing-transport-congestion- uploads/2019/04/160229-Transport- goods: Creating Victorian Jobs – www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ Infrastructure-Victoria.pdf Final-1.pdf Victorian Freight Plan, Melbourne, VIC, wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ 44 Department of Environment, Land, Water July 2018, p. 18, https://transport.vic. Preparing-advice-on-Victorias-future- 9 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure and Planning, Victorian Greenhouse Gas gov.au/-/media/tfv-documents/ ports-capacity.pdf Capability Assessment Water and Waste ports-and-freight/delivering-the-goods. Emissions Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, (report for Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, pdf 34 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on p.13, www.climatechange.vic.gov.au/__ www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ Securing Victoria’s Ports Capacity, May data/assets/pdf_file/0016/443014/ wp-content/uploads/2019/04/160229- 20 Transport Integration Act 2010 (Vic), s.1. 2017, p. 5, www.infrastructurevictoria. Victorian-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions- Water-and-Waste-Final-1.pdf com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ Report-2019.pdf 21 Transport Integration Act 2010 (Vic), Securing-Victorias-ports-capacity-FINAL- 10 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure s.8-13. 45 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on WEB.pdf Capability Assessment Executive Automated and Zero Emissions Vehicles 22 Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Summary (report for Infrastructure 35 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on Infrastructure Future Scenarios, April Regional Development and Victoria), 2016, www. Securing Victoria’s Ports Capacity, May 2018, p. 18, www.infrastructurevictoria. Communications, National Transport infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 2017, p. 100, www.infrastructurevictoria. com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ Commission [website] www. uploads/2019/04/160229-Executive- com.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ Advice-on-automated-and-zero- infrastructure.gov.au/transport/australia/ Summary-Final-1.pdf Securing-Victorias-ports-capacity-FINAL- emissions-vehicles-infrastructure-Future- ntc/index.aspx (accessed 14 September WEB.pdf scenarios-April-2018.pdf 11 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 2020) Victorian Infrastructure Plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ files/2018-12/Victorian%20 Infrastructure%20Plan.pdf Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 141
46 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on 58 West Gate Tunnel Project, ‘Project 70 Department of Treasury and Finance, 80 Department of Treasury and Finance, Automated and Zero Emissions Vehicles benefits’ [website] http:// Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital Victorian Budget 2020-21 Strategy and Infrastructure, October 2018, p. 51, westgatetunnelproject.vic.gov.au/about/ Program Budget Paper No. 4, Outlook Budget Paper No. 2, 2020, pp. www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ project-benefits (accessed 14 September Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 180 https:// 56, 92, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ 2020) s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. 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Regions, Annual Report 2018-19, October-2018.pdf +State+Capital+Program.pdf 556, www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 6, 180, sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 50 Victorian Government, Victorian https://djpr.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ 74 Department of Treasury and Finance, Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf Government submission: 2017 Review of pdf_file/0012/1866477/Final-DJPR- Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service the Disability Standards for Accessible Annual-Report-2018-19.pdf Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, pp. 85 Department of Infrastructure, Public Transport 2002 – Response to the 14, 17, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. Transport, Regional Development and 64 Sport and Recreation Victoria, ‘What we Commonwealth Government Issues amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. 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92 Infrastructure Australia, Australian 104 Infrastructure Australia, Australian 115 VicTrack, Transport and Government 127 Department of Education and Training, Infrastructure Audit 2019, June 2019, p. Infrastructure Audit 2019, June 2019, p. Secure Network, Docklands, VIC, 2019, 2019-2023 Strategic Plan, Melbourne, 562, www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/ 572, www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/ p. 3, www.victrack.com.au/-/media/ VIC, 2019, p. 5, www.education.vic.gov. sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 victrack/documents/projects/ au/Documents/about/department/ Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf transport-and-government-secure- strategicplan.pdf network/transport-and-government- 93 Infrastructure Australia, Australian 105 Department of Industry, Science, Energy secure-network-brochure.pdf 128 Department of Environment, Land, Water Infrastructure Audit 2019, June 2019, p. and Resources, Australia’s Tech Future: and Planning, Victoria in Future 2019, 567, www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/ Delivering a strong, safe and inclusive 116 Minister for Regional Health, Regional Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 8, www. sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 digital economy, December 2018, pp. Communications and Local Government, planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf 6-8, www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/ ‘Strengthening telecommunications file/0032/332996/Victoria_in_ files/2018-12/australias-tech-future.pdf emergency resilience’ [media release] 12 Future_2019.pdf 94 Infrastructure Australia, Australian May 2020, https://minister.infrastructure. Infrastructure Audit 2019, June 2019, p. 106 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on gov.au/coulton/media-release/ 129 Victorian School Building Authority, ‘100 569, www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/ Automated and Zero Emissions Vehicles strengthening-telecommunications- New Schools’ [website] www. sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 Infrastructure, October 2018, pp. 19-20, emergency-resilience schoolbuildings.vic.gov.au/blog/ Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ Pages/100-New-Schools.aspx (accessed wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ 117 Department of Infrastructure, Transport, 3 September 2020) 95 Infrastructure Australia, Australian Advice-on-automated-and-zero- Regional Development and Infrastructure Audit 2019, June 2019, p. emissions-vehicles-October-2018.pdf Communications, ‘Improving resilience 130 Department of Education and Training, 562, www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/ of Australia’s telco networks’ [website] Summary Statistics for Victorian Schools, sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 107 Minister for Innovation, Medical Research https://www.communications.gov.au/ July 2020, www.education.vic.gov.au/ Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf and the Digital Economy, 'Keeping us phone/improving-resilience-australias- Documents/about/department/ connected and working, wherever we telco-networks (accessed 15 summarystatsjuly.pdf 96 Infrastructure Australia, Australian are' [media release] 24 November 2020, September 2020) Infrastructure Audit 2019, June 2019, p. https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/ 131 Department of Education and Training, 581, www.infrastructureaustralia.gov.au/ keeping-us-connected-and-working- 118 Department of Education and Training, ‘School Operations Enrolment’ [website] sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 wherever-we-are 2019-2023 Strategic Plan, Melbourne, www.education.vic.gov.au/school/ Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf VIC, 2019, p. 4, www.education.vic.gov. principals/spag/participation/Pages/ 108 Assistant Treasurer and Minister for au/Documents/about/department/ placement.aspx (accessed 27 August 97 Department of Jobs, Precincts and Government Services, 'Digital revolution strategicplan.pdf 2020) Regions, Fixing the Digital Divide making life easier for Victorians' [media Connecting Communities in Regional release] 24 November 2020, https:// 119 Victorian School Building Authority, 132 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 6, www.premier.vic.gov.au/digital-revolution- ‘About us’ [website] www. 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Davis, ‘Telco, NBN failures during Connecting Communities in Regional Documents/school/principals/ Growth, August 2017, p. 5, www.audit. bushfire crisis reveals cracks in regional, Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 8, governance/governanceph.pdf vic.gov.au/sites/default/ rural crisis coverage’, ABC Rural, 13 https://djpr.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ files/2017-08/20170823-Effectively- January 2020, www.abc.net.au/news/ pdf_file /0005/1729760/12172-DJPR- 122 Victorian Government, ‘Three-Year-Old Planning-for-Population-Growth.pdf rural/2020-01-13/are-australias- RDV-Connecting-Victoria_overview- Kindergarten for Victoria – Roll-out 135 Minister for Education, ‘Supporting the telecommunication-up-to-the-new-kind- brochure-A4-revised_v3_FINAL.pdf Schedule’ [website] www.vic.gov.au/ of-megafire/11860238 (accessed 14 three-year-old-kindergarten-victorians Kindergarten Building Boom in Victoria’ September 2020) 111 Minister for Agriculture, Regional (accessed 14 September 2020) [media release], 12 March 2020, www. 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Victorian TAFE Association), June 2018, sites/default/files/2019-08/Australian%20 114 Department of Treasury and Finance, p. 8, https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/ Infrastructure%20Audit%202019.pdf Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service kpmg/au/pdf/2018/importance-of-tafe- Delivery Budget Paper no. 3, 2020, pp. to-victorias-prosperity-kpmg-final-report- 14, 18, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. june-2018.pdf amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 143
139 KPMG, The Importance of TAFE to 149 Australian Energy Market Operator, 160 A. Finkel et al., 'Independent Review into 170 Australian Energy Market Operator, 2020 Victoria’s Prosperity (report for the Victorian Gas Planning Report Update, the Future Security of the National Electricity Statement of Opportunities, Victorian TAFE Association), June 2018, March 2020, p. 4, https://aemo.com. 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Full%20report%20A4.pdf 163 Australian Energy Market Operator, operations/2019-20/summer-2019-20- budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State Victorian Annual Planning Report, June nem-operations-review.pdf +Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf 153 Australian Energy Regulator, State of the 2019, p. 4, www.aemo.com.au/-/media/ Energy Market 2020, Melbourne, VIC, files/electricity/nem/planning_and_ 174 Australian Energy Market Commission, 143 Department of Treasury and Finance, 2020, p. 220, www.aer.gov.au/system/ forecasting/vapr/2019/victorian-annual- ‘Reliability’ [website] www.aemc.gov.au/ Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service files/State%20of%20the%20energy%20 planning-report-2019.pdf energy-system/electricity/electricity- Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, p. market%202020%20-%20Full%20 system/reliability (accessed 8 September 41, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. report%20A4.pdf 164 Australian Energy Market Operator, 2020) amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. Victorian Annual Planning Report, June budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ 154 COAG Energy Council, ‘ESB Review – 2019, p. 7, www.aemo.com.au/-/media/ 175 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf Energy Ministers Response’ [website] files/electricity/nem/planning_and_ Capability Assessment Energy (report for https://prod-energycouncil.energy. forecasting/vapr/2019/victorian-annual- Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, p. 62, www. 144 Department of Treasury and Finance, slicedtech.com.au/sites/prod. planning-report-2019.pdf infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ Victorian 2020-21 Budget Rural and energycouncil/files/ESB%20Review%20 uploads/2019/04/160229-Energy- Regional Budget Information Paper, -%20Energy%20Ministers%20response. 165 Australian Energy Market Operator, 2020 Final-1.pdf 2020, p. 18, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. pdf (accessed 11 September 2020) Integrated System Plan, July 2020, p. 12, amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/ 176 Australian Energy Regulator, State of the budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State 155 Department of Environment, Land, Water major-publications/isp/2020/ Energy Market 2018, Melbourne, VIC, +Budget+-+Rural+and+Regional.pdf and Planning, ‘Regulatory Framework’ final-2020-integrated-system-plan.pdf 2018, p. 25, www.aer.gov.au/system/ [website] www.energy.vic.gov.au/ files/State%20of%20the%20Energy%20 145 Australian Energy Regulator, State of the legislation/regulatory-framework 166 Australian Energy Market Operator, 2019 Market%202018%20-%20Full%20 Energy Market 2020, Melbourne, VIV, (accessed 11 September 2020) Electricity Statement of Opportunities, report%20A4_2.pdf 2020, pp. 120-121, 135, www.aer.gov. August 2019, pp. 107-108, www.aemo. au/system/files/State%20of%20the%20 156 Essential Services Commission, ‘How we com.au/-/media/files/electricity/nem/ 177 Australian Energy Market Operator, energy%20market%202020%20-%20 regulate the electricity and gas industries’ planning_and_forecasting/nem_ Victorian Gas Planning Report Update, Full%20report%20A4.pdf [website] www.esc.vic.gov.au/ esoo/2019/2019-electricity-statement-of- March 2020, p. 19, www.aemo.com. electricity-and-gas/how-we-regulate- opportunities.pdf au/-/media/files/gas/national_planning_ 146 Australian Energy Market Operator, electricity-and-gas-industries (accessed and_forecasting/vgpr/2020/2020-vgpr- Electricity Statement of Opportunities, 14 September 2020) 167 Department of Environment, Land, Water update.pdf August 2019, p. 106, www.aemo.com. and Planning, Zero Emissions Vehicles: au/-/media/files/electricity/nem/ 157 Essential Services Commission, ‘How we Part of our transition to a Net Zero 178 International Energy Agency, World planning_and_forecasting/nem_ regulate the electricity and gas industries’ Emissions Economy, Melbourne, VIC, Energy Outlook Executive Summary, esoo/2019/2019-electricity-statement-of- [website] www.esc.vic.gov.au/ 2019, p.7, www.energy.vic.gov.au/__ November 2019, p. 6, https://iea.blob. opportunities.pdf electricity-and-gas/how-we-regulate- data/assets/pdf_file/0025/443086/ core.windows.net/assets/1f6bf453-3317- electricity-and-gas-industries (accessed Zero-Emissions-Vehicles-Part-Of-The- 4799-ae7b-9cc6429c81d8/ 147 Australian Energy Market Operator, 2020 14 September 2020) Transition.pdf English-WEO-2019-ES.pdf Electricity Statement of Opportunities, www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/ 158 Essential Services Commission, ‘How we 168 Department of Environment, Land, Water 179 International Energy Agency, World electricity/nem/planning_and_forecasting/ regulate the VEU program’ [website] and Planning, We’re Making Sure Victoria Energy Outlook, November 2019, p. 6, nem_esoo/2019/2019-electricity- www.esc.vic.gov.au/victorian-energy- is Ready for Zero Emission Vehicles, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/ statement-of-opportunities.pdf (accessed upgrades/how-we-regulate-veu-program Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 8, www.energy. assets/1f6bf453-3317-4799-ae7b- 10 September 2020) (accessed 14 September 2020) vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ 9cc6429c81d8/English-WEO-2019-ES. file/0026/443087/Making-Sure-Vic-is- pdf 159 Department of Environment, Land, Water 148 Australian Energy Regulator, State of the Ready.pdf Energy Market 2020, Melbourne, VIC, and Planning, Victorian Greenhouse Gas 180 GPA Engineering, Hydrogen in the Gas 2020, p. 220, www.aer.gov.au/system/ Emissions Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 169 KPMG, Automated and Zero Emissions Distribution Networks (for the files/State%20of%20the%20energy%20 2019, p.11, www.climatechange.vic.gov. Vehicle Infrastructure Advice Energy Government of South Australia), 2019, p. market%202020%20-%20Full%20 au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/443014/ Impacts Modelling (report for 3, www.coagenergycouncil.gov.au/sites/ report%20A4.pdf Victorian-Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions- Infrastructure Victoria), 2018, p. 9, www. prod.energycouncil/files/publications/ Report-2019.pdf infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ documents/nhs-hydrogen-in-the-gas- uploads/2019/04/Automated_and_Zero_ distribution-networks-report-2019_0.pdf Emissions_Vehicle_Infrastructure_ Advice_-_Energy_Impacts_Modelling.pdf 144 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
181 COAG Energy Council, National 191 Australian Energy Market Operator, 204 Parks Victoria, Corporate Plan 2019-22, 217 Department of Environment, Land, Water Hydrogen Strategy Issues Paper Series: Victorian Annual Planning Report, June Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. iv, www.parks. and Planning, ‘Environment Protection Hydrogen in the Gas Network, 2019, pp. 2019, pp. 38-39, www.aemo.com.au/-/ vic.gov.au/-/media/project/pv/main/parks/ Amendment Act 2018’ [website] www. 3, 11, https://consult.industry.gov.au/ media/files/electricity/nem/planning_and_ documents/about-us/parks-victoria- environment.vic.gov.au/sustainability/ national-hydrogen-strategy-taskforce/ forecasting/vapr/2019/victorian-annual- corporate-plan-2019-22.pdf environment-protection-reform/ national-hydrogen-strategy-issues- planning-report-2019.pdf ep-bill-2018 (accessed 16 September papers/supporting_documents/ 205 Parks Victoria and Department of 2020) NationalHydrogenStrategyIssue6 192 Australian Energy Market Operator, Environment, Land Water and Planning, HydrogeninGasNetwork.pdf ‘Victoria to New South Wales Valuing Victoria’s Parks, Melbourne, VIC, 218 Sustainability Victoria, ‘Who we are’ Interconnector West (VNI West) regulatory 2015, www.parks.vic.gov.au/-/media/ [website] www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/ 182 COAG Energy Council, National investment test for transmission (RIT-T)’ project/pv/main/parks/documents/ About-us/Who-we-are (accessed 16 Hydrogen Strategy Issues Paper Series: [website] www.aemo.com.au/initiatives/ about-us/valuing-victorias-parks/ September 2020) Hydrogen in the Gas Network, 2019, p. major-programs/victoria-to-new-south- valuing-victorias-parks.pdf 11, https://consult.industry.gov.au/ wales-interconnector-west-regulatory- 219 Infrastructure Victoria, Recycling and national-hydrogen-strategy-taskforce/ investment-test-for-transmission 206 Parks Victoria, Annual report 2018-19, Resource Recovery Infrastructure national-hydrogen-strategy-issues- (accessed 14 September 2020) Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 1, www.parks. Evidence Base Report, October 2019, papers/supporting_documents/ vic.gov.au/-/media/project/pv/main/ p. 27, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ NationalHydrogenStrategyIssu 193 Australian Energy Market Operator, parks/documents/about-us/ wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ e6HydrogeninGasNetwork.pdf Victorian Gas Planning Report Update, annual-reports/parks-victoria-annual- Infrastructure-Victoria-Recycling-and- March 2020, pp. 44-45, https://aemo. report-2018-19.pdf resource-recovery-infrastructure- 183 COAG Energy Council, Australia’s com.au/-/media/files/gas/national_ Evidence-base-report-October-2019- National Hydrogen Strategy, 2019, p. 5, planning_and_forecasting/ 207 Department of Environment, Land, Water FINAL-REPORT.pdf www.industry.gov.au/sites/default/ vgpr/2020/2020-vgpr-update.pdf and Planning, ‘Managing Crown Land’ files/2019-11/australias-national- [website] www.forestsandreserves.vic. 220 Engage Victoria, ‘Parks Victoria Land hydrogen-strategy.pdf 194 Australian Energy Market Operator, gov.au/land-management/managing- Management Strategy’ [website] https:// Victorian Gas Planning Report Update, crown-land (accessed 16 September engage.vic.gov.au/lms (accessed 16 184 Australian Energy Market Operator, March 2020, pp. 32-43, https://aemo. 2020) September 2020) Victorian Gas Planning Report Update, com.au/-/media/files/gas/national_ March 2020, pp. 3-4, www.aemo.com. planning_and_forecasting/ 208 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure 221 Parliament of Victoria, 2019-20 Bushfires, au/-/media/files/gas/national_planning_ vgpr/2020/2020-vgpr-update.pdf Capability Assessment: Agriculture, Research Note No. 1, February 2020, p. and_forecasting/vgpr/2020/2020-vgpr- Science, and Environment (report for 2, www.parliament.vic.gov.au/ update.pdf 195 Victorian Government, ‘Creating jobs and Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, pp. 32-33, publications/research-papers/ driving down energy prices’ [media www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ send/36-research-papers/13904- 185 Australian Energy Regulator, State of the release], 9 February 2020, www.premier. wp-content/uploads/2019/04/160229- bushfires-2019-20 Energy Market 2020, Melbourne, VIC, vic.gov.au/creating-jobs-and-driving- Agriculture-Environment-and-Science- 2020, p. 180, www.aer.gov.au/system/ down-energy-prices/ Final.pdf 222 Parliament of Victoria, 2019-20 Bushfires, files/State%20of%20the%20energy%20 Research Note No. 1, February 2020, p. market%202020%20-%20Full%20 196 Department of Treasury and Finance, 209 Sustainability Victoria, Statewide Waste 2, www.parliament.vic.gov.au/ report%20A4.pdf Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service and Resource Recovery Infrastructure publications/research-papers/ Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, pp. Plan, Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 129, send/36-research-papers/13904- 186 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure 49, 53, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/-/media/SV/ bushfires-2019-20 Capability Assessment Energy (report for amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. Publications/About-us/What-we-do/ Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, p. 8, www. budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+Stat Strategy-and-planning/SWRRIP-2018/ 223 Department of Environment, Land, Water infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ e+Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf SWRRIP-2018.pdf and Planning, Victoria’s Climate Science uploads/2019/04/160229-Energy- Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. Final-1.pdf 197 Solar Victoria, 'Energy efficient heating 210 Parks Victoria, ‘About Us’ [website] www. 9, www.climatechange.vic.gov.au/__data/ and cooling' [website], https://www.solar. parks.vic.gov.au/about-us (accessed 16 assets/pdf_file/0029/442964/ 187 Australian Energy Market Operator, vic.gov.au/heaters (accessed 18 September 2020) Victorias-Climate-Science-Report-2019. Victorian Annual Planning Report, June November 2020) pdf 2019, pp. 33-34, www.aemo.com.au/-/ 211 Parks Victoria, Corporate Plan 2019-22, media/files/electricity/nem/ 198 Minister for Agriculture, 'Backing Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. iv, www.parks. 224 Department of Environment, Land, Water planning_and_forecasting/vapr/2019/ agriculture for Victoria's strong future' vic.gov.au/-/media/project/pv/main/ and Planning, Victoria’s Climate Science victorian-annual-planning-report-2019. [media release] 20 November 2020, parks/documents/about-us/ Report 2019, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. pdf https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/ parks-victoria-corporate-plan-2019-22. 40, www.climatechange.vic.gov.au/__ backing-agriculture-victorias-strong- pdf data/assets/pdf_file/0029/442964/ 188 Australian Energy Market Operator, future Victorias-Climate-Science-Report-2019. Victorian Annual Planning Report, June 212 Parks Victoria, Annual report 2018-19, pdf 2019, pp. 34-35, www.aemo.com.au/-/ 199 Victorian Government, ‘New electric Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 3, www.parks. media/files/electricity/nem/ vehicle charge stations for North West vic.gov.au/-/media/project/pv/main/ 225 Parks Victoria, ‘Visitor numbers hit new planning_and_forecasting/vapr/2019/ Victoria’ [media release], www.premier. parks/documents/about-us/ high at Twelve Apostles’ [website] www. victorian-annual-planning-report-2019. vic.gov.au/new-electric-vehicle-charge- annual-reports/parks-victoria-annual- parks.vic.gov.au/ pdf stations-north-west-victoria report-2018-19.pdf news/2019/08/13/01/30/visitor-numbers- hit-new-high-at-twelve-apostles 189 Australian Energy Market Operator, 200 Minister for Energy, Environment and 213 Parks Victoria, ‘About Us’ [website] www. (accessed 16 September 2020) Victorian Annual Planning Report, June Climate Change, 'Victoria to build parks.vic.gov.au/about-us (accessed 16 2019, pp. 36-37, www.aemo.com.au/-/ Southern Hemisphere's biggest battery' September 2020) 226 Department of Jobs, Precincts and media/files/electricity/nem/ [media release] 5 November 2020, Regions, ‘Victorian Forestry Plan’ 214 Department of Environment, Land, Water planning_and_forecasting/vapr/2019/ https://www.premier.vic.gov.au/ [website] https://djpr.vic.gov.au/forestry/ and Planning, 2018-19 Annual Report, victorian-annual-planning-report-2019. victoria-build-southern-hemispheres- forestry-plan (accessed 16 September Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 18, https:// pdf biggest-battery 2020) www2.delwp.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/ 190 Australian Energy Market Operator, 201 Parks Victoria, ‘About Us’ [website] www. pdf_file/0032/438188/DELWP-Annual- 227 Department of Jobs, Precincts and Victorian Annual Planning Report, June parks.vic.gov.au/about-us (accessed 16 Report-2018-19-web.pdf Regions, ‘Victorian Forestry Plan’ 2019, pp. 37-38, www.aemo.com.au/-/ September 2020) [website] https://djpr.vic.gov.au/forestry/ 215 VicForests, ‘Our Organisation’ [website] media/files/electricity/nem/ forestry-plan (accessed 16 September 202 Parks Victoria, ‘About Us’ [website] www. http://www.vicforests.com.au/ planning_and_forecasting/vapr/2019/ 2020) parks.vic.gov.au/about-us (accessed 16 about-vicforests/our-organisation victorian-annual-planning-report-2019. September 2020) (accessed 16 September 2020) 228 Department of Jobs, Precincts and pdf Regions, ‘Victorian Forestry Plan’ 203 Parks Victoria, ‘Valuing Victoria’s Parks’ 216 Environment Protection Authority Victoria, [website] https://djpr.vic.gov.au/forestry/ [website] www.parks.vic.gov.au/ ‘Laws and Regulations’ [website] www. forestry-plan (accessed 16 September about-us/valuing-victorias-parks epa.vic.gov.au/about-epa/laws (accessed 2020) (accessed 16 September 2020) 16 September 2020) Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 145
229 Infrastructure Victoria, Recycling and 239 Department of Jobs, Precincts and 251 Victorian Government, ‘Strengthening 262 Department of Health and Human Resource Recovery Infrastructure Regions, ‘Victorian Forestry Plan’ Victoria’s waste and recycling industry’ Services, Statewide design, service and Evidence Base Report, October 2019, p. [website] https://djpr.vic.gov.au/forestry/ [website] www.vic.gov.au/waste-and- Infrastructure Plan for Victoria’s health 11, www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ forestry-plan (accessed 16 September recycling-industry (accessed 16 system 2017-37, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ 2020) September 2020) p. 33, https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/ Infrastructure-Victoria-Recycling-and- Api/downloadmedia/%7B5A8D2F76- resource-recovery-infrastructure- 240 Department of Treasury and Finance, 252 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, CCA8-42A8-AC31-93AF35406CC0%7D Evidence-base-report-October-2019- Victorian Budget 2019-20 Service Hospital Resources 2018-19: Australian FINAL-REPORT.pdf Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, Melbourne, hospital statistics, Table 4.2, 2019, www. 263 Department of Health and Human VIC, 2019, pp. 8, 14, https:// aihw.gov.au/getmedia/0f041ca3-081d- Services, Statewide design, service and 230 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ 4f90-913b-4ddde10a5eec/ Infrastructure Plan for Victoria’s health Recycling and Resource Recovery budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Hospital-resources-2018-19-Tables.xlsx. system 2017-37, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, Infrastructure, April 2020, p. 45, www. au/2019-20+State+Budget+- aspx (accessed 16 September 2020) p. 9, https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/Api/ infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ +Service+Delivery.pdf downloadmedia/%7B5A8D2F76-CCA8- uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- 253 Department of Health and Human 42A8-AC31-93AF35406CC0%7D and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. 241 Department of Treasury and Finance, Services, Contact details for private pdf Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service hospitals, found at https://www2.health. 264 Royal Commission into Aged Care Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, vic.gov.au/hospitals-and-health-services/ Quality and Safety, Interim Report: 231 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on pp. 50, 60-61, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. private-health-service-establishments/ Neglect Volume 1, Canberra, ACT, 2019, Recycling and Resource Recovery amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. private-hospitals (accessed 16 p. 12, https://agedcare.royalcommission. Infrastructure, April 2020, p. 95, www. budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ September 2020) gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-02/interim- infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf report-volume-1.pdf uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- 254 Department of Health and Human and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. 242 Department of Treasury and Finance, Services, ‘Public sector residential aged 265 Royal Commission into Aged Care pdf Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital care services’ [website] https://www2. Quality and Safety, Interim Report: Program Budget Paper No. 4, health.vic.gov.au/ageing-and-aged-care/ Neglect Volume 1, Canberra, ACT, 2019, 232 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 58, https:// residential-aged-care/public-sector- p. 9, https://agedcare.royalcommission. Recycling and Resource Recovery s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ residential-aged-care (accessed 9 gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-02/interim- Infrastructure, April 2020, p. 95, www. budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. September 2020) report-volume-1.pdf infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ au/2019-20+State+Budget+- uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- +State+Capital+Program.pdf 255 Productivity Commission, Report on 266 Royal Commission into Aged Care and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. 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Boost Recycling, Reduce Waste and Commission%20into%20Aged%20 /7499/0537/Interim_report_briefing_-_ pdf Create Jobs’ [media release], 26 Care%20Quality%20and%20Safety%20 Chairs_remarks.pdf February 2020, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ -%20Victorian%20Government- 236 Infrastructure Victoria, Advice on ten-year-plan-boost-recycling-reduce- submission.docx 270 Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental Recycling and Resource Recovery waste-and-create-jobs Health System, Interim Report, Infrastructure, April 2020, p. 48, www. 259 Ambulance Victoria, 2018-19 Annual Melbourne, VIC, November 2019, p. 31, infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ 247 Sustainability Victoria, ‘Recycling Victoria Report, Doncaster, VIC, 2019, p. 4, www. https://rcvmhs.vic.gov.au/download_file/ uploads/2020/03/Advice-on-recycling- Infrastructure Fund’ [website] www. ambulance.vic.gov.au/wp-content/ view_inline/2198 and-resource-recovery-FINAL-REPORT. sustainability.vic.gov.au/Grants-and- uploads/2019/10/J37607_AV-Annual- 271 Royal Commission into Victoria’s Mental pdf funding/Recycling-Victoria-Infrastructure- Report-2019_Web.pdf Fund (accessed 16 September 2020) Health System, Interim Report, 237 Department of Environment, Land, Water 260 Ambulance Victoria, 2018-19 Annual Melbourne, VIC, November 2019, p. 316, and Planning, A circular economy for 248 Victorian Government, ‘Strengthening Report, Doncaster, VIC, 2019, p. 75, https://rcvmhs.vic.gov.au/download_file/ Victoria – Creating more value and less Victoria’s waste and recycling industry’ www.ambulance.vic.gov.au/wp-content/ view_inline/2198 waste, July 2019, p.4, https://s3. 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275 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Results 284 Victorian Public Tenants Association, 295 Department of Health and Human 304 Department of Treasury and Finance, of 2016-17 Audits: Public Hospitals, Victorian Budget 2019-20 Submission, Services, ‘Wungurilwil Gapgapduir Victorian Budget 2020-21 Budget November 2017, p.41, www.audit.vic. December 2018, p. 5, https://vpta.org. 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Travis and K. McGrath, Travis files/2019-05/Free-From-Violence- Review: Increasing the capacity of the Victorias-Prevention-Strategy.pdf 297 Victorian Government, ‘Transfer of 306 Department of Treasury and Finance, Victorian public hospital system for better disability accommodation and respite Victorian Budget 2020-21 Budget patient outcomes, Melbourne, VIC, June 287 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Free services’ [website] www.vic.gov.au/ Service Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2015, p. 10, https://www2.health.vic.gov. from Violence: Victoria’s strategy to transfer-disability-accommodation-and- 2020, pp. 63, 65, 78, https:// au/Api/downloadmedia/%7BF10E6F4E- prevent family violence and all forms of respite-services (accessed 16 September s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ C612-4E28-94BF-4EEB5B87D82E%7D violence against women, Melbourne, VIC, 2020) budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. 2017, p. 5, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ au/2020-21+State+Budget+- 278 D.G. Travis and K. McGrath, Travis files/2019-05/Free-From-Violence- 298 Royal Commission into Violence, Abuse, +Service+Delivery.pdf Review: Increasing the capacity of the Victorias-Prevention-Strategy.pdf Neglect and Exploitation of People with Victorian public hospital system for better Disability, ‘About the Royal Commission’ 307 Department of Treasury and Finance, patient outcomes, Melbourne, VIC, June 288 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Free [website] https://disability. Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital 2015, p. 44, https://www2.health.vic.gov. from Violence: Victoria’s strategy to royalcommission.gov.au/about-royal- Program Budget Paper No. 4, au/Api/downloadmedia/%7BF10E6F4E- prevent family violence and all forms of commission (accessed 17 September Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 15, https:// C612-4E28-94BF-4EEB5B87D82E%7D violence against women, Melbourne, VIC, 2020) s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ 2017, p. 5, www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. 279 Department of Health and Human files/2019-05/Free-From-Violence- 299 Department of Treasury and Finance, au/2019-20+State+Budget+- Services, Statewide design, service and Victorias-Prevention-Strategy.pdf Victorian Budget 2020-21 Budget +State+Capital+Program.pdf Infrastructure Plan for Victoria’s health Service Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, system 2017-37, Melbourne, VIC, 2017, 289 Department of Premier and Cabinet, Free 2020, pp. 21, 23, 25, 78-79, https:// 308 Department of Treasury and Finance, p. 66, https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/ from Violence: Victoria’s strategy to s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital Api/downloadmedia/%7B5A8D2F76- prevent family violence and all forms of budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. Program Budget Paper No. 4, CCA8-42A8-AC31-93AF35406CC0%7D violence against women, Melbourne, VIC, au/2020-21+State+Budget+- Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 62-63, 2017, pp. 6-7, www.vic.gov.au/sites/ +Service+Delivery.pdf https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. 280 Infrastructure Victoria analysis of default/files/2019-05/Free-From- com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Housing Violence-Victorias-Prevention-Strategy. 300 Minister for Mental Health, 'Putting the au/2019-20+State+Budget+- Occupancy and Costs, 2017-18’ pdf mental health of Victorians first' [media +State+Capital+Program.pdf [website], Data Cube 21, www.abs.gov. release] 24 November 2020, https:// au/AUSSTATS/subscriber.nsf/ 290 Victorian Government, ‘About the Royal www.premier.vic.gov.au/putting-mental- 309 Department of Treasury and Finance, log?openagent&41300_ Commission into Family Violence’ health-victorians-first-0 Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital table21_2017-18.xls&4130.0&Data%20 [website] www.vic.gov.au/about-royal- Program Budget Paper No. 4, 2019, Cubes&D3CB61DFE6BBFB58CA258439 commission-family-violence (accessed 16 301 Department of Treasury and Finance, p. 62, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. 0017EFD4&0&2017- September 2020) Victorian Budget 2020-21 Budget amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201920. 18&17.07.2019&Latest Service Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, budget.vic.gov.au/2019-20+State 291 Department of Premier and Cabinet, 2020, pp. 63, 78, 80, https:// +Budget+-+State+Capital+Program.pdf 281 Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Housing Victorian Government Self-Determination s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Occupancy and Costs, 2017-18’ Reform Framework, Melbourne, VIC, budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. 310 Premier of Victoria, 'Victoria's Big [website], Data Cube 21, www.abs.gov. 2019, www.content.vic.gov.au/sites/ au/2020-21+State+Budget+- Housing Build' [media release] 15 au/AUSSTATS/subscriber.nsf/ default/files/2019-09/Self-Determination- +Service+Delivery.pdf November 2020, https://www.premier. log?openagent&41300_ Reform-Framework-August-2019.PDF vic.gov.au/victorias-big-housing-build table21_2017-18.xls&4130.0&Data%20 302 Department of Treasury and Finance, 292 The Coalition of Aboriginal and Torres Cubes&D3CB61DFE6BBFB58CA258439 Victorian Budget 2020-21 Budget 311 Homes Victoria, Victoria's Big Housing Strait Islander Peak Organisations and 0017EFD4&0&2017- Service Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, Build, November 2020, pp. 3, 12, https:// the Council of Australian Governments, 18&17.07.2019&Latest 2020, pp. 63, 65, 78-79, https:// www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ National Agreement on Closing the Gap, s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ files/2020-11/hv_more_homes_for_ 282 Australian Bureau of Statistics, ‘Census July 2020, pp. 2-3, 8-10, www. budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. more_Victorians_0.pdf of Population and Housing: Estimating closingthegap.gov.au/sites/default/files/ au/2020-21+State+Budget+- homelessness 2016’ [website], Data files/national-agreement-ctg.pdf?q=0720 +Service+Delivery.pdf 312 Department of Treasury and Finance, Cube, www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/ Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service 293 Minister for Housing, Disability and subscriber.nsf/ 303 Department of Treasury and Finance, Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, Ageing, ‘Next Stage Of Aboriginal log?openagent&20490do001_2016. Victorian Budget 2020-21 Budget p. 104, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. Housing Handover Commences’ [Media xls&2049.0&Data%20 Service Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. release], 23 July 2017, www.premier.vic. Cubes&104CAB1DD2062422CA25 2020, pp. 78, 80, https://s3-ap- budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State gov.au/next-stage-aboriginal-housing- 82D30012B550&0&201 southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ +Budget+-+Strategy+and+Outlook.pdf handover-commences 6&24.07.2018&Latest budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. au/2020-21+State+Budget+- 294 Productivity Commission, ‘Housing’, 283 Department of Health and Human +Service+Delivery.pdf Report on Government Services 2018, Services, Annual Report 2018-19, Chapter 18, 2018, p. 18.6, www.pc.gov. Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 278, www. au/research/ongoing/report-on- dhhs.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/ government-services/2018/ documents/201910/Department%20 housing-and-homelessness/housing/ of%20Health%20and%20Human%20 rogs-2018-partg-chapter18.pdf Services%20annual%20report%20 2018-19.pdf Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 147
313 Department of Health and Human 324 Federation of Community Legal Centres 340 Corrections, Prisons & Parole, 352 Productivity Commission, 2020 Report Services, ‘Building new homes to fight Victoria, ‘What is a community legal ‘Corrections Statistics: Quick Reference’ on Government Services – Justice homelessness’ [website] www.dhhs.vic. centre?’ [website] www.fclc.org.au/ [website] www.corrections.vic.gov.au/ – Corrective Services, Data tables – gov.au/buildingnewhomes (accessed 16 about_community_legal_centres prisons/corrections-statistics-quick- 8A.18, www.pc.gov.au/research/ September 2020) (accessed 16 September 2020) reference(accessed 16 September 2020) ongoing/report-on-government- services/2020/justice/corrective-services 314 Department of Treasury and Finance, 325 Corrections, Prisons & Parole, 341 Courts Services Victoria, Strategic Asset Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital ‘Corrections Victoria’ [website] www. 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Ogloff AM, about-victoria-police (accessed 16 316 Department of Treasury and Finance, 344 Productivity Commission, ‘Report on Youth Justice Review and Strategy: September 2020) Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital Government Services 2020 Courts’ Meeting needs and reducing offending [website] www.pc.gov.au/research/ Program Budget Paper No. 4, 330 Country Fire Authority, ‘Stations – CFA – executive summary, Melbourne, VIC, ongoing/report-on-government- Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 121, https:// Country Fire Authority’ [website] www. 2017, p. 8, www.justice.vic.gov.au/sites/ services/2020/justice/courts% (accessed s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ cfa.vic.gov.au/about/stations (accessed default/files/embridge_cache/emshare/ 7 September 2020) budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. 16 September 2020) original/public/2020/06/5b/da653c6d5/ au/2019-20+State+Budget+- report_meeting_needs_and_reducing_ 345 Court Services Victoria, Melbourne CBD +State+Capital+Program.pdf 331 Fire Rescue Victoria, ‘About us’ [website] offending_executive_summary_2017.pdf Legal Precinct – A vision for the future, www.frv.vic.gov.au/about-us (accessed Melbourne, VIC, 2016, p. 2, www.courts. 317 Department of Treasury and Finance, 16 September 2020) 356 P. 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Armytage and Prof. J. Ogloff AM, Marine Search and Rescue’ [website] [website] www.pc.gov.au/research/ vic.gov.au/safer-communities/ Youth Justice Review and Strategy: www.emv.vic.gov.au/msar (accessed 16 ongoing/report-on-government- community-safety-building-authority-csba Meeting needs and reducing offending September 2020) services/2020/justice/courts (accessed 7 (accessed 16 September 2020) executive summary, Melbourne, VIC, September 2020) 335 Emergency Management Victoria, ‘About 2017, p. 7, www.justice.vic.gov.au/sites/ 319 Department of Justice and Community us’ [website] www.emv.vic.gov.au/index. 348 Victorian Bar, ‘The Victorian Bar’s default/files/embridge_cache/emshare/ Safety, ‘Community Safety Building php/about-us (accessed 16 September Consolidated Guide to Victorian and original/public/2020/06/5b/da653c6d5/ Authority (CSBA)’ [website] www.justice. 2020) Commonwealth Court Protocols to report_meeting_needs_and_reducing_ vic.gov.au/safer-communities/ response COVID-19’, [media release] 8 offending_executive_summary_2017.pdf community-safety-building-authority-csba 336 Bushfire Recovery Victoria,Eastern April 2020, www.vicbar.com.au/ (accessed 16 September 2020) 358 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Victorian Fires 2019-20 State Recovery news-events/media-release- Plan, Melbourne, VIC, August 2020, Managing Rehabilitation in Youth 320 Court Services Victoria, ‘About CSV’ %E2%80%93-victorian- www.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ Detention, August 2018, pp. 76-77, [website] www.courts.vic.gov.au/ bar%E2%80%99s-consolidated-guide- files/2020-08/2019-20%20State%20 www.audit.vic.gov.au/sites/default/ about-csv (accessed 16 September victorian-and-commonwealth-court Recovery%20Plan_0.pdf files/2018-08/20180808-Youth- 2020) 349 Victorian Auditor-General’s Office, Prison Detention.pdf 337 Victoria Police, Employees by Location, 321 Office of Public Prosecutions Victoria, Capacity Planning, November 2012, p. 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Victoria, Annual Report 2018-2019, 351 R. Millar and C. Vedelago, ‘Prisons are ‘Corrections Statistics: Quick Reference’ au/justice-system/youth-justice/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 31, https:// booming as Victoria pays for its 'tough on [website] www.corrections.vic.gov.au/ youth-justice-review-and-strategy- d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/fclc/ crime' stance’, The Age, 27 June 2019, prisons/corrections-statistics-quick- meeting-needs-and-reducing-offending pages/701/attachments/ www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/ reference (accessed 16 September 2020) (accessed 16 September 2020) original/1574289091/2018-19_Annual_ prisons-are-booming-as-victoria-pays- Report_FCLC.pdf for-its-tough-on-crime-stance-20190627- p5220f.html 148 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
361 Victoria Police, Victoria Police Blue Paper: 372 Inspector-General for Emergency 381 Department of Treasury and Finance, 391 Constitution Act 1975 (Vic), s.97 A Vision for Victoria Police in 2025, May, Management, ‘Inquiry into the 2019-20 Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital 2014, p. 6, www.police.vic.gov.au/sites/ Victorian Fire Season’ [website] www. Program Budget Paper No. 4, 392 Water Act 1989 (Vic), s. 1 default/files/2019-01/Victoria-Police- igem.vic.gov.au/vicfires-inquiry (accessed Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 88, https:// 393 Department of Environment, Land, Water Blue-Paper_web.pdf 16 September 2020) s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ and Planning, A Guide to Governing in budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. the Water Sector, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, 362 Victoria Police, Victoria Police Blue Paper: 373 Parliament of Victoria Legislative au/2019-20+State+Budget+- p. 42, https://www2.delwp.vic.gov. A Vision for Victoria Police in 2025, May Assembly Environment and Planning +State+Capital+Program.pdf 2014, p. 8, www.police.vic.gov.au/sites/ Committee, ‘Inquiry into Tackling Climate au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/78026/ default/files/2019-01/Victoria-Police- Change in Victorian Communities’ 382 Department of Treasury and Finance, GuideToGoverningInTheWaterSector.pdf Blue-Paper_web.pdf [website] www.parliament.vic.gov.au/ Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service 394 Department of Environment, Land, Water epc-la/inquiry/967 (accessed 16 Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, and Planning, ‘Governance and planning’ 363 Victoria Police, Victoria Police Blue Paper: September 2020) pp. 3, 5, 7, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. 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GuideToGoverningInTheWaterSector.pdf Workforce-for-the-Future-PoV-UK.pdf (accessed 16 September 2020) budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf 396 Department of Environment, Land, Water 365 Emergency Management Victoria, 375 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial and Planning, A Guide to Governing in Victoria’s Critical Infrastructure: All Research Organisation, ‘CSIRO Report 384 Department of Treasury and Finance, the Water Sector, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, Sectors Resilience Report 2019, on Climate and Disaster Resilience’ Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital p. 60, https://www2.delwp.vic.gov. Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 7, www.emv. [website] www.csiro.au/en/Research/ Program Budget Paper No. 4, au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/78026/ vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/ Environment/Extreme-Events/Bushfire/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 72, https:// GuideToGoverningInTheWaterSector.pdf embridge_cache/emshare/original/ frontline-support/report-climate-disaste- s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ public/2020/07/88/9db1105ea/ resilience (accessed 16 September 2020) budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. 397 Essential Services Commission, ‘How we All_Sectors_Resilience_Report_2019.pdf au/2019-20+State+Budget+- regulate the water sector’ [website], 376 Department of Treasury and Finance, +State+Capital+Program.pdf www.esc.vic.gov.au/water/ 366 B. Huf and H. Mclean, 2019-20 Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital how-we-regulate-water-sector (accessed Bushfires: Quick Guide, Parliament of Program Budget Paper No. 4, 385 Department of Treasury and Finance, 16 September 2020) Victoria, Research Note No.1, February Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 71, https:// Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital 2020, p. 1, www.parliament.vic.gov.au/ s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Program Budget Paper No. 4, 398 Department of Health and Human publications/research-papers/ budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Melbourne, VIC, 2019, pp. 90-91, Services, ‘Drinking water in Victoria’ send/36-research-papers/13904- au/2019-20+State+Budget+- https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws. [website], https://www2.health.vic.gov. bushfires-2019-20 +State+Capital+Program.pdf com/budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. au/public-health/water/drinking-water-in- au/2019-20+State+Budget+- 367 Department of Justice, Emergency Risks victoria (accessed 16 September 2020) 377 Department of Treasury and Finance, +State+Capital+Program.pdf in Victoria: Report of the 2012-13 State Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital 399 Department of Environment, Land, Water Emergency Risk Assessment, February Program Budget Paper No. 4, 386 Department of Treasury and Finance, and Planning, A Guide to Governing in 2014, p. 3, www.justice.vic.gov.au/sites/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 72, https:// Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service the Water Sector, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, default/files/embridge_cache/emshare/ s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, p. 83, https://www2.delwp.vic.gov. original/public/2020/06/9f/2a3fb303b/ budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. pp. 104, 106, 113, https://s3-ap au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/78026/ repor_stateemergencyriskasses au/2019-20+State+Budget+- -southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ GuideToGoverningInTheWaterSector.pdf sment2014emergencyrisksinvictoria.pdf +State+Capital+Program.pdf budgetfiles202021.budget.vic.gov. au/2020-21+State+Budget+- 400 Department of Environment, Land, Water 368 Department of Justice, Emergency Risks 378 Department of Treasury and Finance, +Service+Delivery.pdf and Planning, Water for Victoria, in Victoria: Report of the 2012-13 State Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital Melbourne, VIC, 2015, p. 8, www.water. Emergency Risk Assessment, February Program Budget Paper No. 4, 387 Department of Environment, Land, Water vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ 2014, p. 4, www.justice.vic.gov.au/sites/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 73, https:// and Planning, A Guide to Governing in file/0030/58827/Water-Plan-strategy2.pdf default/files/embridge_cache/emshare/ s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ the Water Sector, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, original/public/2020/06/9f/2a3fb303b/ budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. p. 43, https://www2.delwp.vic.gov. 401 Department of Environment, Land, Water repor_stateemergencyriskassessment au/2019-20+State+Budget+- au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/78026/ and Planning, Victoria’s Climate Science 2014em ergencyrisksinvictoria.pdf +State+Capital+Program.pdf GuideToGoverningInTheWaterSector.pdf Report, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 8, www.climatechange.vic.gov.au/__data/ 369 Deloitte and Aurecon, Infrastructure 379 Department of Treasury and Finance, 388 Department of Environment, Land, Water assets/pdf_file/0029/442964/ Capability Assessment Justice and Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service and Planning, Victorian Water Accounts Victorias-Climate-Science-Report-2019. Emergency Services (report for Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, pp. 2018-19, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 6, pdf Infrastructure Victoria), 2016, pp. 4-5, 147-149, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. https://waterregister.vic.gov.au/images/ www.infrastructurevictoria.com.au/ amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. documents/Victorian-Water- 402 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial wp-content/uploads/2019/04/160229- budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ Accounts-2018-2019.pdf Research Organisation, Climate and Justice-Final.pdf Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf water availability in southeastern 389 Department of Environment, Land, Water Australia: A synthesis of findings from 370 Australian Government, Critical 380 Department of Treasury and Finance, and Planning, Victorian Water Accounts Phase 2 of the South Eastern Australian Infrastructure Resilience Strategy: Plan, Victorian 2019-20 State Capital Program 2018-19, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 43, Climate Initiative (SEACI), September Barton, ACT, 2015, p. 8, https://cicentre. Budget Paper No. 4, Melbourne, VIC, https://waterregister.vic.gov.au/images/ 2012, p. 3, https://publications.csiro.au/ gov.au/document/P50S021 2019, p. 73, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. documents/Victorian-Water-Accounts- rpr/download?pid=csiro:EP1 amazonaws.com/budgetfiles201920. 2018-2019.pdf 371 Royal Commission into National Natural 27070&dsid=DS3 budget.vic.gov.au/2019-20+State+ Disaster Arrangements, ‘About the Royal Budget+-+State+Capital+Program.pdf 390 Department of Environment, Land, Water 403 Department of Environment, Land, Water Commission’ [website] https:// and Planning, Victorian Water Accounts and Planning, Victoria’s Climate Science naturaldisaster.royalcommission.gov.au/ 2018-19, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, p. 46, Report, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 34, about (accessed 16 September 2020) https://waterregister.vic.gov.au/images/ www.climatechange.vic.gov.au/__data/ documents/Victorian-Water-Accounts- assets/pdf_file/0029/442964/ 2018-2019.pdf Victorias-Climate-Science-Report-2019. pdf Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 149
404 Department of Environment, Land, Water 417 Infrastructure Victoria, Reforming water 427 Department of Treasury and Finance, and Planning, Victoria’s Climate Science sector governance: Key findings to inform Victorian Budget 2019-20 Service Report, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 26, the update of Victoria’s 30-Year Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, Melbourne, www.climatechange.vic.gov.au/__data/ infrastructure strategy, October 2019, p. VIC, 2019, pp. 39, 4149, https:// assets/pdf_file/0029/442964/ 6, https://www.infrastructurevictoria.com. s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Victorias-Climate-Science-Report-2019. au/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/ budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. pdf Reforming-water-sector-governance- au/2019-20+State+Budget+- October-2019-Final-report.pdf +Service+Delivery.pdf 405 Melbourne Water, Melbourne Water System Strategy, Docklands, VIC, 2017, 418 Department of Environment, Land, Water 428 Minister for Water, ‘Central Gippsland p. 43,www.melbournewater.com.au/ and Planning, ‘Permanent water saving Irrigation Funding’ [media release], 25 sites/default/files/2017-09/ rules’ [website] www.water.vic.gov.au/ June 2020, www.premier.vic.gov.au/ Melbourne-Water-System-Strategy_0.pdf liveable/using-water-wisely/ central-gippsland-irrigation-funding advice-and-rules/permanent-water- 406 Melbourne Water, Melbourne Water saving-rules (accessed 16 September System Strategy, Docklands, VIC, 2017, 2020) p. 43,www.melbournewater.com.au/ sites/default/files/2017-09/ 419 Department of Environment, Land, Water Melbourne-Water-System-Strategy_0.pdf and Planning, ‘Target 155’ [website] www.water.vic.gov.au/liveable/ 407 Melbourne Water, Melbourne Water using-water-wisely/t155 (accessed 16 System Strategy, Docklands, VIC, 2017, September 2020) pp. 110, 112, www.melbournewater. com.au/sites/default/files/2017-09/ 420 Department of Treasury and Finance, Melbourne-Water-System-Strategy_0.pdf Victorian Budget 2020-21 Strategy and Outlook Budget Paper No. 2, 2020, pp. 408 Coliban Water, Coliban Water Urban 104-105, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. Water Strategy 2017, July 2017, pp. 42, amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. 49, https://www.coliban.com.au/ budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ files/2019-06/ColibanWater_ Budget+-+Strategy+and+Outlook.pdf UrbanWaterStrategy2017.pdf 421 Department of Treasury and Finance, 409 Western Water, Urban Water Strategy, Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital March 2017, p.5, www.westernwater. Program Budget Paper No. 4, com.au/files/assets/public/documents/ Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 139, https:// reference-documents/urban-water- s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ strategy.pdf budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. au/2019-20+State+Budget+- 410 Department of Environment, Land, Water +State+Capital+Program.pdf and Planning, Water for Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 2016, p. 30, www.water. 422 Department of Treasury and Finance, vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital file/0030/58827/Water-Plan-strategy2.pdf Program Budget Paper No. 4, Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 134, https:// 411 Department of Environment, Land, Water s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ and Planning, Pilot Water Sector Climate budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Change Adaptation Action Plan, au/2019-20+State+Budget+- Melbourne, VIC, 2018, p. 5, www.water. +State+Capital+Program.pdf vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ file/0019/410851/WSAAP-Web-version- 423 Department of Treasury and Finance, FINAL_v2.pdf Victorian Budget 2019-20 State Capital Program Budget Paper No. 4, 412 Marsden Jacob and Associates, Water Melbourne, VIC, 2019, p. 168, https:// Governance Reform 2019 Victorian s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ Infrastructure Strategy Update (report for budgetfiles201920.budget.vic.gov. Infrastructure Victoria), 2019, p. 61, www. au/2019-20+State+Budget+- infrastructurevictoria.com.au/wp-content/ +State+Capital+Program.pdf uploads/2019/10/Marsden-Jacob- Associates-Water-governance-reform.pdf 424 Minister for Water, ‘Delivering $48 million of Water Infrastructure Projects’ [media 413 Department of Environment, Land, Water release], 19 May 2020, www.premier.vic. and Planning, Victorian Water Accounts gov.au/delivering-48-million-water- 2018-19, Melbourne, VIC, 2020, pp. infrastructure-projects 49-50, https://waterregister.vic.gov.au/ images/documents/Victorian-Water- 425 Minister for Water, ‘Connecting Central Accounts-2018-2019.pdf North-West Victoria to the Water Grid’ [media release], 19 May 2020, www. 414 Melbourne Water et al, Melbourne premier.vic.gov.au/connecting-central- Sewerage Strategy, December 2018, p. north-west-victoria-water-grid 69, www.melbournewater.com.au/ media/6651/download 426 Department of Treasury and Finance, Victorian Budget 2020-21 Service 415 Melbourne Water, Melbourne Water Delivery Budget Paper No. 3, 2020, pp. System Strategy, Docklands, VIC, 2017, 47, 51, https://s3-ap-southeast-2. p. 52, www.melbournewater.com.au/ amazonaws.com/budgetfiles202021. sites/default/files/2017-09/ budget.vic.gov.au/2020-21+State+ Melbourne-Water-System-Strategy_0.pdf Budget+-+Service+Delivery.pdf 416 Melbourne Water, Melbourne Water System Strategy, Docklands, VIC, 2017, p. 52, www.melbournewater.com.au/ sites/default/files/2017-09/ Melbourne-Water-System-Strategy_0.pdf 150 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Appendix F
Legislative requirements
The Infrastructure Victoria Act 2015 requires certain elements to be included in Victoria's 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy.
This appendix summarises the approach Infrastructure Victoria is using to meet all legislative requirements in preparing this updated strategy. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix F 151
Table 1: Infrastructure Victoria approach to legislative requirements
Requirement Legislative Approach provision
Periodically review and update 32(1) This draft strategy for consultation will be followed by a final strategy in 2021, a 30-year infrastructure fulfilling the requirement to review and update the 2016 strategy. strategy
Include a statement of social, 33(2)(a) This draft strategy includes a list of social, economic and environmental objectives. economic and environmental Each objective’s supporting text has been revised since 2016 based on community objectives feedback received from Infrastructure Victoria's consultation on the strategy objectives in 2018. Consideration has also been given to the alignment between the strategy objectives and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
Include an assessment of the 33(2)(b) Throughout the review and updating process, we have gathered information on current state of infrastructure the current state of infrastructure in Victoria. This information is summarised in in Victoria Appendix E. These summaries build on the information from our 2016 Infrastructure Capability Assessments and new information from the Australian Infrastructure Audit 2019. They provide an overview of the current state of infrastructure in each sector, including the role and relevance of the Victorian Government in the sector, the challenges and opportunities faced, emerging issues, and forthcoming committed investments in that sector.
Identify Victoria's short, 33(2)(c) The draft recommendations identify infrastructure priorities for Victorian medium, and long-term Government action, including timeframes for action. The needs, priorities and infrastructure needs and objectives that each recommendation addresses are explained in the priorities accompanying text. Each draft recommendation includes a recommended timeframe for completion, reflecting its position as a short, medium or long-term infrastructure priority. The timing of each draft recommendation is presented in Appendix B.
… based on detailed, 33(2)(c) Infrastructure Victoria has drawn on multiple sources of objective and quantitative objective and quantitative evidence to complete this draft strategy. We developed Regional Infrastructure evidence, including land use Needs and Metropolitan Infrastructure Needs profiles as evidence to underpin our plans, population projections analysis. We used numerous sources including the Plan Melbourne land use plans and economic data and Victoria in Future population projections. Infrastructure Victoria has also utilised economic data from resources such as the Transport Modelling Problem Definition Report and the Australian Bureau of Statistics.
Assess options available to 33(2)(d) Our detailed methodology to developing recommendations has been included in meet the identified Appendix C. This included considering alternative options and using evidence to infrastructure needs and select the best option to meet infrastructure needs for a given project or sector, as priorities well as to achieve strategy objectives.
… including new 33(2)(d)(i) Where relevant, we have considered construction of new infrastructure as an option infrastructure projects to meet strategy objectives. 152 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy
Requirement Legislative Approach provision
… including policy or reform 33(2)(d)(ii) Where relevant, we considered demand management, better use, or regulatory options including demand reform as potential solutions to meeting strategy objectives. management and regulatory reform
… consider the balance 33(2)(d)(iii) All projects and work consider this balance, and Infrastructure Victoria has between investing in new reviewed the final list of draft recommendations before publication to confirm this infrastructure and making balance has been achieved. better use of existing infrastructure
Include recommendations 33(2)(e)(i) This draft strategy includes 95 recommendations, which include specific projects, regarding specific major policies or reforms as recommended by Infrastructure Victoria. projects, policies or reforms
Include funding options for the 33(2)(e)(ii) We are continuing to develop costings for each draft recommendation, adding to specified major projects, the information presented in the draft strategy. We will present funding options for policies or reforms major projects, policies or reforms in the final strategy.
Include the level of priority for 33(2)(e)(iii) Infrastructure Victoria has only made draft recommendations of priority projects, the specified major projects, policies or reforms. Accompanying timeframes indicate how quickly those actions policies or reforms should be implemented, reflecting their urgency. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, this draft strategy also includes a list of draft recommendations that can be implemented quickly.
Have regard to any current 33(3) Infrastructure Victoria has considered multiple relevant social, economic and land use, transport or other environmental policies in reviewing the updated strategy. We have included some relevant social, economic or of the policies we had regard to in Appendix C. environmental policy in Victoria
Undertake public consultation 34(a) Infrastructure Victoria commissioned polling on the strategy objectives in 2018, on a draft of the statement of which has been published on our website. Further, the ‘Get involved’ section of the social, economic and draft strategy sought feedback from Victorians, as part of the comprehensive environmental objectives engagement plan to consult on the draft strategy. Feedback from this exercise continues to inform re-phrasing of the text accompanying each objective, as well as evaluations of recommendations and evidence used.
Undertake public consultation 34(b) Infrastructure Victoria has developed a comprehensive engagement plan to consult a draft of the strategy on this draft strategy. This includes multiple opportunities to provide feedback, including written submissions, surveys, discussions and deliberations. Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix F 153
Requirement Legislative Approach provision
Publish, as far as is reasonably 35(5) We have presented short summaries of the evidence and analysis underpinning practicable, the evidence and each recommendation in accompanying text. Infrastructure Victoria has released, analysis relied upon in where practicable, underlying reports documenting our evidence. This includes preparing the updated reports on the Infrastructure Priorities for the Regions, integrated land use and strategy infrastructure planning, and the Transport Modelling Problem Definition report documenting our modelling approach. Other evidence that has already been published includes Growing Victoria’s Potential, Density done well and the reports on transport pricing.
Infrastructure Victoria must 36 The previous strategy was tabled in Parliament on 12 December 2016. The latest review and update the 30-year date for tabling of the updated strategy is therefore 11 December 2021. We intend infrastructure strategy no less to complete the updated strategy in 2021, prior to this date. than 3 years, but no more than 5 years, after the most recent date on which the strategy is laid before each House of Parliament. 154 Victoria’s Draft 30-Year Infrastructure Strategy Vol 2. Appendices – Appendix E 155 This publication may be of assistance to you, but Infrastructure Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence that may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. You should seek appropriately qualified advice before making any decisions regarding your particular project.
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