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En El Pleistoceno Tardío De Los Andes Ecuatorianos Boletín De La Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, Vol Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana ISSN: 1405-3322 [email protected] Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. México Moreno Cárdenas, Pablo A.; Román-Carrión, José Luis Musarañas del género Cryptotis (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) en el Pleistoceno Tardío de los Andes Ecuatorianos Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, vol. 69, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 421-432 Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, A.C. Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=94352452006 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2017 / 421 Musarañas del género Cryptotis (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) en el Pleistoceno Tardío de los Andes Ecuatorianos Pablo A. Moreno Cárdenas, José Luis Román-Carrión RESUMEN Pablo A. Moreno Cárdenas RESUMEN ABSTRACT [email protected] Mastozoología del Instituto Nacional de Biodibersidad (MECN). Pasaje Rumipamba Durante una excavación paleontológica en During a paleontological excavation in 341 y Av. de los Shyris. Código Postal 170515. la Quebrada Chalán, provincia de Chim- Chalán Gorge (Chimborazo province), some borazo, se registraron cinco fémures, cuatro Quito - Ecuador. fossil of micromammals where registered, Mastozoología del Instituto de Ciencias húmeros, ocho huesos pélvicos, dos incisivos Biológicas de la Escuela Politécnica Nacional superiores y un fragmento de maxilar de including, five femurs, four humerus, eight (MEPN). Avenida Ladrón de Guevara E-11 Cryptotis, con las siguientes piezas dentarias: pelvic bones and a fragment of maxilla of 253 e Isabel la Católica. Apartado 17-01- P4, M1 y M2. Los fósiles fueron colectados Cryptotis, with P4, M1 and M2 dental 2759. Quito - Ecuador. en los niveles superiores de la Formación pieces. The fossils where collected in high- Cangagua asignada al pleistoceno superior. er levels of cangagua formation of upper José Luis Román-Carrión En la fase de análisis se tomaron nueve me- Sección de Paleontología del Instituto de didas de los húmeros y los fémures compa- pleistocene. Nine measures of humerus and Ciencias Biológicas de la Escuela Politécnica rándose con los de las especies ecuatorianas femurs fossil where obtained, and compared Nacional (MEPN). Avenida Ladrón de Gue- actuales. Los fósiles fueron asignados a la with the current Ecuadorian species. The vara E-11 253 e Isabel la Católica. Apartado especie Cryptotis niausa, principalmente por 17-01-2759. Quito - Ecuador. results showed that the fossils belonged to la forma arqueada del segmento anterior Cryptotis niausa species, by the arcuate de la fosa mesopterigoidea, así como las shape of the anterior segment of the me- dimensiones similares a las de C. niausa en fémures, húmeros y maxilar. Durante el sopterygoid fossa, as well as similar dimen- pleistoceno tardío C. niausa se distribuyó 160 sions in femurs, humerus and maxillary bone km al sur de su ubicación actual. Sabemos of C. niausa. In the upper pleistocene C. que hoy, esta especie no está en la localidad niausa was distributed 160 km south of its del hallazgo paleontológico, debido a que su current distribution. This species is not cur- clima es más caliente y seco respecto a los rently distributed in the find locality, because páramos de pajonal húmedo donde habita actualmente. Este hallazgo demuestra que the climate is warmer and drier than the wet la localidad de Quebrada Chalán, tenía otro Andean grasslands where C. niausa now tipo de vegetación a finales del pleistoceno lives. This finding demonstrates that Chalán tardío durante el segundo y tercer inter- Gorge had other vegetation in the late pleisto- glaciar, similar a los páramos actuales cuyo cene during the second and third interglacial pajonal se encuentran a partir de los 3200 m. El análisis morfológico del material fósil ages, similar to current Andean grasslands de C. niausa muestra una estructura ósea y whose “pajonales” are above 3200 meters. muscular más robusta que los individuos de Morphological analysis of fossil C. niausa las poblaciones actuales. Algunos individuos shows individuals with bones structure and fósiles presentan dimensiones más anchas muscle more robust than the current popu- en Ecuador de los fémures y los húmeros, asociadas a su lations. Some Cryptotis fossils individuals mayor capacidad de cavar sus madrigueras y canales en suelos endurecidos producto de have wider dimensions of the femurs and hu- la marcada actividad volcánica. merus, associated with an increased ability to Cryptotis dig their burrows and channels on hard soils BOL. SOC. GEOL. MEX. 2017 Palabras clave: Chimborazo, Cuater- result of strong volcanic activity. VOL. 69 NO. 2 nario, Post-cráneo, Quebrada Cha- P. 421 ‒ 432 lán, Valle Interandino. Keywords: Chimborazo, Qua- ternary, Post-cranium, Chalan Manuscrito recibido: Julio 7, 2016. Gorge, Interandean Valley. Manuscrito corregido: Noviembre 3, 2016. Manuscrito aceptado: Noviembre 8, 2016. Primer registro fósil de 422 / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2017 1. Introducción Román-Carrión y Lara, 2011; Sánchez et al., 2013). En América Central y América del Norte, se han En este trabajo reportamos los primeros fósiles realizado algunos estudios sobre fósiles de musa- datados e identificados de Cryptotis de Sudaméri- INTRODUCCIÓN / ÁREA DE ESTUDIO/ MÉTODOS rañas: Findley (1953) registra fósiles de Cryptotis en ca, colectados en la Formación Cangagua, defini- la caverna de San Josecito en México, que poste- da por Sauer (1950) como un estrato de cenizas riormente serían identificadas como C. mexicanus y endurecidas, de origen eólico, fluvial o lacustre, C. parvus, más grandes que los individuos actuales asignadas al Pleistoceno Superior, edad mamífero (Esteva et al., 2005). Harris (1989, 1997) registró en Lujanense (SALMA), caracterizada además por la 12 sectores de Nuevo México, datados con radio- presencia de los icnofósiles: Coprinisphaera murguiai carbono entre 22000 hasta 55000 años, algunas y C. quitu (Sánchez et al., 2013), asignada al pleis- especies de musarañas del género Sorex (S. merriami, toceno superior. S. montanus, S. nanus y S. plebei) y de la musaraña menor (Cryptotis parva). Otros estudios muestran que algunas especies ac- 2. Área de estudio tuales de Cryptotis decrecieron en tamaño, a partir del pleistoceno tardío, como es el caso de Cryptotis El sitio de estudio se encuentra al sur del cantón mexicanus (Esteva et al., 2005). Por otro lado existen Riobamba en la provincia de Chimborazo (Figu- registros fósiles del mismo género que experimen- ra 1). Sus quebradas son parte de la cuenca del taron cambios en dirección contraria, aumentan- río Chambo que fluye hacia la cuenca amazónica. do de tamaño desde el pleistoceno tardío hasta la En la actualidad el yacimiento de Quebrada Cha- época actual, como es el caso de Cryptotis goodwi- lán se encuentra en un ecosistema de arbustales ni que en la actualidad es una especie de mayor estacionales a 2800 metros de altitud (Josse et al., talla a la de sus registros fósiles (Woodman y Croft, 2009), rodeado de campos de cultivos pertenecien- 2005). tes a diferentes comunidades indígenas. Ya en Sudamérica, de Porta (1965) menciona res- Los fósiles de Cryptotis fueron colectados por Ale- tos subrecientes de Cryptotis, en el sedimento de jandro Mesías y José Luis Román entre los años relleno de una grieta en rocas calizas, mezclado 2009 y 2012, en el relleno de dormideros de aves inclusive con fauna marina del cretácico, en la lo- rapaces, dentro de la cangagua eólica en la parte calidad colombiana de Curití en el Departamento superior de Quebrada Chalán (01° 46’ 32.3’’ S / de Santander, sin contar con una datación estra- 78° 37’ 41.1’’ W). tigráfica y radiométrica fiable. En otros trabajos realizados por Fejfar et al. (1993, 1996) reportan de manera general registros holocénicos de Cryptotis 3. Métodos en las localidades de Cuesaca y La Calera, al norte de Ecuador en la provincia del Carchi. Se identificaron cinco fémures, cuatro húmeros, en Ecuador Debido a que la mayoría de las especies de micro- ocho huesos pélvicos, dos incisivos superiores y un mamíferos que habitaron en el pleistoceno tardío fragmento de maxilar de Cryptotis, con P4, M1 y habitan aún en la actualidad y ocupan hábitats M2 izquierdos completos. Los húmeros y fémures Cryptotis específicos. Dichos micromamíferos son utiliza- fósiles fueron analizados y comparados con tres dos como instrumentos para reconstruir los pa- ejemplares de Cryptotis montivagus, siete ejemplares leoambientes (Andrews, 1990), caso contrario a de Cryptotis niausa, dos de Cryptotis equatoris y uno de la megafauna que se extinguió prácticamente en Cryptotis osgoodi de la colección de mastozoología su totalidad (Harris, 1997; Román-Carrión, 2010, Primer registro fósil de Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2017 / 423 MÉTODOS en Ecuador Cryptotis Figura 1 Ubicación del registro fósil de C. niausa (quebrada Chalán), junto a la distribución actual de esta especie en los ecosistemas de páramos andinos del norte y centro de Sudamérica (Josse et al., 2009). Se aprecia que en la actualidad Chalán se encuentra en un ecosistema de arbustales estacionales. Primer registro fósil de 424 / Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana / 2017 del Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas de la Escuela terial colectado se encuentra
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