Musarañas Del Género Cryptotis
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Molecular Phylogenetics of Shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) Reveal Timing of Transcontinental Colonizations
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2007) 126–137 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogenetics of shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) reveal timing of transcontinental colonizations Sylvain Dubey a,*, Nicolas Salamin a, Satoshi D. Ohdachi b, Patrick Barrie`re c, Peter Vogel a a Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland b Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan c Laboratoire Ecobio UMR 6553, CNRS, Universite´ de Rennes 1, Station Biologique, F-35380, Paimpont, France Received 4 July 2006; revised 8 November 2006; accepted 7 December 2006 Available online 19 December 2006 Abstract We sequenced 2167 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 16S, and 1390 bp of nuclear genes BRCA1 and ApoB in shrews taxa (Eulipotyphla, family Soricidae). The aim was to study the relationships at higher taxonomic levels within this family, and in particular the position of difficult clades such as Anourosorex and Myosorex. The data confirmed two monophyletic subfamilies, Soric- inae and Crocidurinae. In the former, the tribes Anourosoricini, Blarinini, Nectogalini, Notiosoricini, and Soricini were supported. The latter was formed by the tribes Myosoricini and Crocidurini. The genus Suncus appeared to be paraphyletic and included Sylvisorex.We further suggest a biogeographical hypothesis, which shows that North America was colonized by three independent lineages of Soricinae during middle Miocene. Our hypothesis is congruent with the first fossil records for these taxa. Using molecular dating, the first exchang- es between Africa and Eurasia occurred during the middle Miocene. The last one took place in the Late Miocene, with the dispersion of the genus Crocidura through the old world. -
Cryptic Diversity in Forest Shrews of the Genus Myosorex from Southern Africa, with the Description of a New Species and Comments on Myosorex Tenuis
bs_bs_banner Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 169, 881–902. With 7 figures Cryptic diversity in forest shrews of the genus Myosorex from southern Africa, with the description of a new species and comments on Myosorex tenuis PETER JOHN TAYLOR1,2*, TERESA CATHERINE KEARNEY3, JULIAN C. KERBIS PETERHANS4,5, RODERICK M. BAXTER6 and SANDI WILLOWS-MUNRO2 1SARChI Chair on Biodiversity Value & Change in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve & Core Member of Centre for Invasion Biology, School of Mathematical & Natural Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa 2School of Life Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban and Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 3Department of Vertebrates, Small Mammals Section, Ditsong National Museum of Natural History (formerly Transvaal Museum), P.O. Box 413, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa 4University College, Roosevelt University, 430 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 5Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 6Department of Ecology & Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa Received 31 March 2013; revised 19 August 2013; accepted for publication 19 August 2013 Forest or mouse shrews (Myosorex) represent a small but important radiation of African shrews generally adapted to montane and/or temperate conditions. The status of populations from Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and the north of South Africa has long been unclear because of the variability of traits that have traditionally been ‘diagnostic’ for the currently recognized South African taxa. We report molecular (mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA), craniometric, and morphological data from newly collected series of Myosorex from Zimbabwe (East Highlands), Mozambique (Mount Gorogonsa, Gorongosa National Park), and the Limpopo Province of South Africa (Soutpansberg Range) in the context of the available museum collections from southern and eastern Africa and published DNA sequences. -
Kerbis Peterhans, J.C., R. Hutterer, J. Mwanga, B. Ndara, L
Journal of East African Natural History 99(2): 103–128 (2010) AFRICAN SHREWS ENDEMIC TO THE ALBERTINE RIFT: TWO NEW SPECIES OF MYOSOREX (MAMMALIA: SORICIDAE) FROM BURUNDI AND THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans College of Professional Studies, Roosevelt University, 430 S. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60605, USA & Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA [email protected] Rainer Hutterer Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany [email protected] Jacques Mwanga, Benjamin Ndara Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles (CRSN)/Lwiro B.P. 147, Cyangugu, Rwanda [email protected], [email protected] Leif Davenport United States Peace Corps 2040 Antananarivo Place, Dulles, VA 20189, USA [email protected] Innocent Balagizi Karhagomba Organisation pour la Conservation Environnementale au Kivu (D.R. Congo) B.P. 388, Cyangugu, Rwanda [email protected] Jay Udelhoven The Nature Conservancy, Global Marine Team 1917 First Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA [email protected] ABSTRACT The genus Myosorex has a classic relict distribution within sub-Saharan Africa. Montane populations in eastern and western equatorial Africa are separated by ca. 2900 km. Until this study, the closest known populations in southern Africa were separated by nearly 2000 km from the closest populations in the Albertine 104 J. Kerbis Peterhans, R. Hutterer, J. Mwanga, B. Ndara, L. Davenport, I. Karhagomba & J. Udelhoven Rift Valley. Here we document previously unknown populations of Myosorex, representing two new endemic taxa from montane forests adjacent to the Albertine Rift. In conjunction with additional data from Malawi, we fill in major gaps in our knowledge of the biodiversity and distribution of this genus in the areas of the Albertine and Malawi Rift Valleys. -
THESIS for DOCTORAL DEGREE (Ph.D.)
From the Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Huddinge Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden HANTAVIRUSES, ESCAPEES FROM THE DEATH ROW – VIRAL MECHANISMS TOWARDS APOPTOSIS RESISTANCE Carles Solà Riera Stockholm 2019 Front cover: “The anti-apoptotic engine of hantaviruses” A graphical representation of the strategies by which hantaviruses hinder the cellular signalling towards apoptosis: downregulation of death receptor 5 from the cell surface, interference with mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and direct inhibition of caspase-3 activity. All previously published papers were reproduced with permission from the publisher. Published by Karolinska Institutet. Printed by E-print AB 2019 © Carles Solà-Riera, 2019 ISBN 978-91-7831-525-3 Hantaviruses, escapees from the death row – Viral mechanisms towards apoptosis resistance THESIS FOR DOCTORAL DEGREE (Ph.D.) By Carles Solà Riera Public defence: Friday 15th of November, 2019 at 09:30 am Lecture Hall 9Q Månen, Alfred Nobels allé 8, Huddinge Principal Supervisor: Opponent: Associate Professor Jonas Klingström PhD Christina Spiropoulou Karolinska Institutet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Medicine, Huddinge Atlanta, Georgia, USA Center for Infectious Medicine Viral Special Pathogens Branch, NCEZID, DHCPP Co-supervisor(s): Examination Board: Professor Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren Associate Professor Lisa Westerberg Karolinska Institutet Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine, Huddinge Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Center for Infectious -
Crocidura Suaveolens, En El Golfo De Cádiz
Universidad de Huelva Departamento de Ciencias Integradas Distribución, ecología, genética y conservación de la musaraña de campo, Crocidura suaveolens, en el Golfo de Cádiz Memoria para optar al grado de doctor presentada por: Luis Eduardo Biedma Aguilera Fecha de lectura: 2 de julio de 2019 Bajo la dirección de los doctores: José Antonio Godoy López Javier Calzada Samperio Jacinto Román Sánchez Huelva, 2019 Distribución, ecología, genética y conservación de la musaraña de campo, Crocidura suaveolens , en el golfo de Cádiz LUIS EDUARDO BIEDMA AGUILERA Universidad de Huelva Tesis doctoral 2019 Distribución, ecología, genética y conservación de la musaraña de campo, Crocidura suaveolens , en el golfo de Cádiz Memoria presentada por: LUIS EDUARDO BIEDMA AGUILERA para optar al título de DOCTOR Memoria realizada dentro del marco del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología Industrial y Ambiental del Departamento de Ciencias Integradas de la Universidad de Huelva Bajo la dirección de: Dr. José Antonio Dr. Javier Dr. Jacinto Godoy López Calzada Samperio Román Sancho AUTORIZACIÓN PARA LA DEFENSA DE LA TESIS DOCTORAL EMITIDA POR EL DIRECTOR Y EL TUTOR Y POR LA COMISIÓN ACADÉMICA DEL PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO DATOS DEL DOCTORANDO: NIF/NIE/Pasaporte: Nacionalidad: Apellidos y nombre: BIEDMA AGUILERA, LUIS EDUARDO 75561510R ESPAÑOLA Dirección a efectos de notificaciones: AVDA DEL VIGIA 20, MAZAGÓN (HUELVA), 21130 Teléfono: 959377138 / 617490041 EMAIL: [email protected] DATOS DE LA TESIS DOCTORAL: Título: DISTRIBUCIÓN, ECOLOGÍA, GENÉTICA Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LA MUSARAÑA DE CAMPO, CROCIDURA SUAVEOLENS , EN EL GOLFO DE CÁDIZ Programa Oficial de Doctorado al que se adscribe y órgano responsable: CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA INDUSTRIAL Y AMBIENTAL Línea de investigación a la que se adscribe y órgano responsable: BIOLOGÍA AMBIENTAL Rama de Conocimiento (marcar casilla) : Arte y Humanidades Ciencias Ciencias de la Salud Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas Ingeniería y Arquitectura A CUMPLIMENTAR POR EL DIRECTOR Y POR EL TUTOR DE LA TESIS DOCTORAL: Director/es: Tutor/es: Dr. -
Phylogeography and Evolutionary History of the Crocidura Olivieri
Phylogeography and evolutionary history of the Crocidura olivieri complex (Mammalia, Soricomorpha): from a forest origin to broad ecological expansion across Africa François Jacquet, Christiane Denys, Erik Verheyen, Josef Bryja, Rainer Hutterer, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, William T. Stanley, Steven M. Goodman, Arnaud Couloux, Marc Colyn, et al. To cite this version: François Jacquet, Christiane Denys, Erik Verheyen, Josef Bryja, Rainer Hutterer, et al.. Phylogeog- raphy and evolutionary history of the Crocidura olivieri complex (Mammalia, Soricomorpha): from a forest origin to broad ecological expansion across Africa. BMC Evolutionary Biology, BioMed Central, 2015, 15 (1), pp.71. 10.1186/s12862-015-0344-y. hal-01151637 HAL Id: hal-01151637 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01151637 Submitted on 13 May 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Jacquet et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2015) 15:71 DOI 10.1186/s12862-015-0344-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogeography and evolutionary history of the Crocidura olivieri complex (Mammalia, Soricomorpha): from a forest origin to broad ecological expansion across Africa François Jacquet1*, Christiane Denys1, Erik Verheyen2,3, Josef Bryja4,5, Rainer Hutterer6, Julian C Kerbis Peterhans7,8, William T Stanley8, Steven M Goodman8,9, Arnaud Couloux10, Marc Colyn11 and Violaine Nicolas1 Abstract Background: This study aims to reconstruct the evolutionary history of African shrews referred to the Crocidura olivieri complex. -
A New Genus of Asiatic Short-Tailed Shrew (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla) Based on Molecular and Morphological Comparisons
ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH A new genus of Asiatic short-tailed shrew (Soricidae, Eulipotyphla) based on molecular and morphological comparisons Kai He1,2,#, Xing Chen1, Peng Chen1, Shui-Wang He1, Feng Cheng1, Xue-Long Jiang1,*, Kevin L. Campbell2,* 1 Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Yunnan 650223, China 2 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada ABSTRACT Recognition of this new genus sheds light on the systematics and evolutionary history of the tribe Blarinellini is a tribe of soricine shrews comprised of Blarinellini throughout Eurasia and North America. nine fossil genera and one extant genus. Blarinelline shrews were once widely distributed throughout Keywords: Blarinellini; Capture-hybridization; Eurasia and North America, though only members Mitogenome; Molecular phylogeny; Next-generation of the Asiatic short-tailed shrew genus Blarinella sequencing; Pantherina currently persist (mostly in southwestern China and INTRODUCTION adjacent areas). Only three forms of Blarinella have Asiatic short-tailed shrews, currently classified as species in the been recognized as either species or subspecies. genus Blarinella, are small insectivorous mammals distributed However, recent molecular studies indicated a mainly in central and southwestern China, adjacent Myanmar, strikingly deep divergence within the genus, implying and northern-most Vietnam. These small- to middle-sized the existence of a distinct genus-level lineage. We shrews are uniformly black or dark brown and have large sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes incisors, heavy tooth pigmentation, and a short tail that is typically 40%–60% of the head-body length. The fore claws are and one nuclear gene of three Asiatic short-tailed enlarged, suggesting adaptation for a semi-fossorial lifestyle and two North American shrews and analyzed (Wilson & Mittermeier, 2018). -
(Mammalia: Soricidae) Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48 (2008) 953–963 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Biogeographic origin and radiation of the Old World crocidurine shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear genes Sylvain Dubey a,b,*, Nicolas Salamin b, Manuel Ruedi c, Patrick Barrière d, Marc Colyn d, Peter Vogel b a School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia b Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland c Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 6434, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland d Laboratoire Ecobio UMR 6553—CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Station Biologique, F-35380 Paimpont, France a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The crocidurine shrews include the most speciose genus of mammals, Crocidura. The origin and evolution Received 27 November 2007 of their radiation is, however, poorly understood because of very scant fossil records and a rather conser- Revised 24 June 2008 vative external morphology between species. Here, we use an alignment of 3560 base pairs of mitochon- Accepted 2 July 2008 drial and nuclear DNA to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for the evolution of Old World shrews of the Available online 10 July 2008 subfamily Crocidurinae. These molecular data confirm the monophyly of the speciose African and Eur- asian Crocidura, which also includes the fossorial, monotypic genus Diplomesodon. The phylogenetic Keywords: reconstructions give further credit to a paraphyletic position of Suncus shrews, which are placed into Africa at least two independent clades (one in Africa and sister to Sylvisorex and one in Eurasia), at the base Dispersion Eurasia of the Crocidura radiation. -
Toothed Shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in China
Multilocus phylogeny and cryptic diversity of white- toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in China Shunde Chen ( [email protected] ) Sichuan Normal University Jiao Qing Zhu Liu Yang Liu Mingkun Tang Robert W. Murphy Yingting Pu Xuming Wang Keji Guo Xuelong Jiang Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shaoying Liu Sichuan Academy of Forestry Research article Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA, Nuclear DNA, Rapid radiation, Soricidae, Species delimitation Posted Date: September 8th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.14115/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on February 14th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-1588-8. Page 1/24 Abstract Background: Crocidura, the most speciose mammalian genus, occurs across much of Asia, Europe and Africa. In China, the taxonomy has been primarily based on cursory morphological comparisons and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the genus remain unexplored. In order to understand the phylogeny of this group in China, we estimated the rst multi-loci phylogeny and conducted species delimitation, including taxon sampling throughout their distribution range. Results: We obtained one mitochondrial gene (~ 1, 134 bp) and three nuclear genes (~ 2, 170 bp) for 132 samples from 57 localities. Molecular analyses identied at least 14 putative species that occur within two major well-supported groups in China. Polyphyletic C. wuchihensis appears to be composed of two putative species. Two subspecies, C. rapax rapax and C. rapax kurodai should be elevated to full species status. -
Phylogenetic Relationships of the Endemic Sri Lankan Shrew Genera: Solisorex and Feroculus
Ceylon Journal of Science (Bio. Sci.) 43 (2): 65-71, 2014 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cjsbs.v43i2.7325 Phylogenetic Relationships of the Endemic Sri Lankan Shrew Genera: Solisorex and Feroculus Suyama Meegaskumbura1,2,*, Madhava Meegaskumbura1,2 and Christopher J. Schneider1 1Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, U.S.A. 2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Accepted December 27, 2014 ABSTRACT Sri Lanka has a rich diversity of shrews: ten species in four genera, with two genera and five species endemic to the island. In the current study we use complete cytochrome-b mitochondrial gene sequences to infer the relationships of two Sri Lankan monotypic genera Solisorex and Feroculus. Maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony phylogenetic analyses revealed that Solisorex is an old lineage that forms the sister group to all other crocidurines. In contrast, Feroculus is nested within Suncus. Keywords: Feroculus feroculus, phylogeny, phylogeography, Solisorex pearsoni, shrews, Sri Lanka INTRODUCTION Schneider, 2008; Meegaskumbura et al., 2012a; Meegaskumbura et al., 2012b). Suncus, With 376 described species in 26 genera, shrews comprising 18 species, and Crocidura, with 182 are among the most speciose families of mammals, species, are widely distributed in Europe, Africa representing about seven percent of the class and Asia. In Sri Lanka, Solisorex pearsoni and F. Mammalia (Hutterer, 2005). Extant shrews are feroculus are confined to the highlands (Phillips, divided into three main subfamilies: Soricinae, 1980). The latter species was also reported from Crocidurinae and Myosoricinae (Hutterer, 2005). South India (Pradan et al., 1997, Blanford, 1888), The Myosoricinae were earlier included in the but without a preserved voucher material to Crocidurinae (Repenning, 1967; Hutterer, 1993), confirm these records. -
HANDBOOK of the MAMMALS of the WORLD Families of Volume 1: Carnivores
HANDBOOK OF THE MAMMALS OF THE WORLD Families of Volume 1: Carnivores Family Family English Subfamily Group name Species Genera Scientific name name number African Palm NANDINIIDAE 1 species Nandinia Civet Neofelis Pantherinae Big Cats 7 species Panthera Pardofelis Catopuma FELIDAE Cats Leptailurus Profelis Caracal Leopardus Felinae Small Cats 30 species Lynx Acinonyx Puma Otocolobus Prionailurus Felis PRIONODONTIDAE Linsangs 2 species Prionodon Viverricula Viverrinae Terrestrial Civets 6 species Civettictis Viverra Poiana Genettinae Genets and Oyans 17 species Genetta Civets, Genets VIVERRIDAE and Oyans Arctogalidia Macrogalidia Palm Civets and Paradoxurinae 7 species Arctictis Binturong Paguma Paradoxurus Cynogale Palm Civets and Chrotogale Hemigalinae 4 species Otter Civet Hemigalus Diplogale Family Family English Subfamily Group name Species Genera Scientific name name number Protelinae Aardwolf 1 species Proteles HYAENIDAE Hyenas Crocuta Bone-cracking Hyaeninae 3 species Hyaena Hyenas Parahyaena Atilax Xenogale Herpestes Cynictis Solitary Herpestinae 23 species Galerella Mongooses Ichneumia Paracynictis HERPESTIDAE Mongooses Bdeogale Rhynchogale Suricata Crossarchus Social Helogale Mungotinae 11 species Mongooses Dologale Liberiictis Mungos Civet-like Cryptoprocta Euplerinae Madagascar 3 species Eupleres Carnivores Fossa Madagascar EUPLERIDAE Carnivores Galidia Mongoose-like Galidictis Galidinae Madagascar 5 species Mungotictis Carnivores Salanoia Canis Cuon Lycaon Chrysocyon Speothos Cerdocyon CANIDAE Dogs 35 species Atelocynus Pseudalopex -
Đakrông Virus, a Novel Mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) Harbored by the Stoliczka's Asian Trident Bat (Aselliscus Stoliczkanus) In
www.nature.com/scientificreports Corrected: Author Correction OPEN Đakrông virus, a novel mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) harbored by the Stoliczka’s Asian trident bat Received: 23 July 2018 Accepted: 4 July 2019 (Aselliscus stoliczkanus) in Vietnam Published online: 15 July 2019 Satoru Arai 1, Keita Aoki1,2, Nguyễn Trường Sơn3,4, Vương Tân Tú3,4, Fuka Kikuchi1,2, Gohta Kinoshita5, Dai Fukui6, Hong Trung Thnh7, Se Hun Gu8, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa9, Keiko Tanaka-Taya1, Shigeru Morikawa10, Richard Yanagihara8 & Kazunori Oishi1 The recent discovery of genetically distinct shrew- and mole-borne viruses belonging to the newly defned family Hantaviridae (order Bunyavirales) has spurred an extended search for hantaviruses in RNAlater®-preserved lung tissues from 215 bats (order Chiroptera) representing fve families (Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae), collected in Vietnam during 2012 to 2014. A newly identifed hantavirus, designated Đakrông virus (DKGV), was detected in one of two Stoliczka’s Asian trident bats (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), from Đakrông Nature Reserve in Quảng Trị Province. Using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, phylogenetic trees based on the full-length S, M and L segments showed that DKGV occupied a basal position with other mobatviruses, suggesting that primordial hantaviruses may have been hosted by ancestral bats. Te long-standing consensus that hantaviruses are harbored exclusively by rodents has been disrupted by the dis- covery of distinct lineages of hantaviruses in shrews and moles of multiple species (order Eulipotyphla, families Soricidae and Talpidae) in Asia, Europe, Africa and North America1,2. Not surprisingly, bats (order Chiroptera, suborders Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera), by virtue of their phylogenetic relatedness to shrews and moles and other placental mammals within the superorder Laurasiatheria3,4, have also been shown to harbor han- taviruses1,2.