El Triunfo Del Color

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El Triunfo Del Color El triunfo De Van Gogh a Matisse del color Colecciones de los museos d’Orsay y de l’Orangerie Comisariada por Isabelle Cahn Sala Fundación MAPFRE 10 de octubre de 2015 — Casa Garriga i Nogués, Barcelona 10 de enero de 2016 Acompañar las aportaciones que, desde sus criterios y objetivos que han guiado nuestra distintos ámbitos de actuación, nuestra Fundación actuación cultural, tanto en nuestros propios realiza a la sociedad, es siempre motivo de espacios como en las numerosas instituciones satisfacción y orgullo para quienes formamos parte museísticas de todo el mundo, con las que hemos de ella. En esta oportunidad, ese agrado implica tenido la satisfacción de colaborar a lo largo además aspectos muy especiales que, de hecho, de nuestra trayectoria. hacen de esta ocasión un episodio de singular valor En este sentido, no es menos motivo de orgullo y alcance dentro de las más de cuatro décadas para Fundación MAPFRE compartir esta singular que ocupa ya la trayectoria de nuestra Fundación. ocasión con el Musée d’Orsay, sin duda uno Y ello porque con la exposición El triunfo del color. de los museos más prestigiosos del panorama De Van Gogh a Matisse. Colecciones de los museos internacional, pero también para nosotros, y sobre d’Orsay y de l’Orangerie, cuya apertura me todo, una institución entrañable y amiga con la que complace saludar desde estas líneas, Fundación a lo largo de estos últimos años hemos tenido el MAPFRE inaugura su nueva sala de exposiciones privilegio de compartir numerosos e interesantes en Barcelona. Situada en uno de los edifi cios proyectos. En esta oportunidad, un sugerente más representativos de la arquitectura modernista recorrido por la forma en que el color dejó de ser que tanto defi ne la Barcelona contemporánea, un elemento más de la pintura para convertirse su apertura culmina una larga aspiración de en concepto esencial de la creación artística de la Fundación por estar presente de forma directa nuestro tiempo, en una excepcional selección que y activa en una de las ciudades de más proyección da cabida a muchos de los grandes protagonistas de internacional y en la que el dinamismo y la la pintura moderna. No podemos, por tanto, sino creatividad culturales son desde hace tiempo reiterar nuestro más profundo agradecimiento una de sus principales señas de identidad. a Guy Cogeval, presidente de los museos d’Orsay Nos sentimos orgullosos por poder, con este y de l’Orangerie, cuya generosidad ha hecho espacio, pasar a formar parte de la vida cultural de posible, una vez más, esta común aventura. Barcelona y, a través de la difusión que esperamos Nuestro agradecimiento se dirige fi nalmente dar a nuestras propuestas, de Cataluña en su a todos aquellos que desde las instituciones conjunto. Desde este espacio compartiremos con partícipes en el proyecto y desde otros ámbitos, la sociedad catalana nuestro programa expositivo públicos y privados, han posibilitado con su de pintura y fotografía, y lo haremos con los mismos esfuerzo su exitosa culminación. Antonio Huertas Mejías Presidente de Fundación MAPFRE 0534_001-012 primeras#2.indd 7 22/09/15 10:17 Desde hace ya años, la colaboración entre Fundación «Pintar […] es dejar grabadas las sensaciones MAPFRE y el Musée d’Orsay ha permitido la coloreadas que se tienen», afi rmó Cézanne y así organización de diferentes exposiciones encaminadas lo recogería Émile Bernard, albacea de sus palabras. a construir una historia de la modernización del arte Son precisamente esas «sensaciones coloreadas» y del mundo a través de éste. las que entretejen el hilo conductor de esta La riqueza de los fondos del Musée d’Orsay y el exposición, que ilustra a través de las obras trabajo e inteligencia de nuestros equipos nos han maestras de la época la evolución del empleo del permitido esbozar la riqueza de planteamientos, las color. En un breve arco temporal de apenas quince tensiones, la belleza y la pasión de un momento de años –entre 1885 y 1900– se produjo una la historia clave para entender nuestro propio aceleración incontrolable del lenguaje pictórico, presente. Lo hemos hecho desde planteamientos fruto de la confl uencia de arrolladoras experiencias más ortodoxos con exposiciones como las del personales, donde el color adquirió un papel impresionismo o postimpresionismo hasta otros primordial, imponiendo una nueva manera de más atrevidos que nos permitieron presentar la acercarse y mirar el mundo. complejidad del mundo academicista, la fascinación Las pautas científi cas neoimpresionistas, los por el viaje a Roma y el nacimiento del turismo estertores del pincel cargado de emoción y poesía cultural o la revisión de artistas singulares como de Van Gogh o el abandono de la mímesis de la Odilon Redon o Pierre Bonnard. naturaleza que predicaba Gauguin transformaron Para la inauguración de esta nueva sala en y revolucionaron un lenguaje pictórico que sería Barcelona, hemos querido presentar una exposición la simiente de la que surgieron las vanguardias importante y especial. Barcelona es una ciudad artísticas del siglo XX. «El color puro: a él hay que llena de color. Gaudí, Miró, pero también su sacrifi carlo todo», enarbolaba Gauguin rompiendo identidad de ciudad singular y mediterránea nos las trabas de la realidad y abandonando el ojo para dan una idea de ciudad moderna, cosmopolita, buscar en el fondo misterioso del alma. Mientras, un con una gran personalidad y en la que el color vehemente Van Gogh defendía en la correspondencia juega un papel especial. que intercambiaba con su hermano Theo el uso Por este motivo pensamos en organizar una sugestivo del color; Signac y Seurat teorizaban exposición en torno al color. El color y su y experimentaban en torno a la división del color y emancipación como uno de los caminos hacia el uso de los colores complementarios desde una la modernidad, hacia un mundo más libre, más perspectiva científi ca; y los nabís o «profetas» se desenvuelto y con menos prejuicios: El triunfo del arrojaban al misticismo y a la vida silenciosa a través color. De Van Gogh a Matisse. Colecciones de los de un empleo simbólico del color. Todas estas museos d’Orsay y de l’Orangerie, que profundiza experiencias desembocarían en el violento estallido en esa generación de artistas que, a fi nales de 1880, del color fauve, en donde, en palabras de Derain, los emergió y dio origen a una importante revolución colores llegarían a ser «cartuchos de dinamita, cuya del color que perduró hasta las primeras décadas del misión es descargar luz». siglo XX. La confl uencia, en esta exposición, de una Paso a paso, exposición a exposición, nuestras cuidada selección de obras de grandes nombres dos instituciones han recorrido juntas un largo y como Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Georges enriquecedor trayecto que ha sido posible gracias Seurat, Paul Signac, Pierre Bonnard, Édouard Vuillard, al inestimable apoyo y generoso préstamo de Paul Cézanne, André Derain o Henri Matisse, con unos fondos excepcionales en el mundo entero, otros menos conocidos, como Charles Angrand, pertenecientes a los museos d’Orsay y de Georges Lemmen o Félix Vallotton, hacen de esta l’Orangerie, y por supuesto gracias a la estrecha ocasión un acontecimiento único para adentrarse colaboración y amistad que esperamos sea adalid en profundidad en este periodo de efervescencia del arte de la Modernidad. creativa que se cierra precisamente con un Pablo Picasso cercano a Barcelona. Guy Cogeval Presidente de los museos d’Orsay y de l’Orangerie Pablo Jiménez Burillo Director del Área de Cultura de Fundación MAPFRE 0534_001-012 primeras#2.indd 9 22/09/15 10:17 Vincent van Gogh Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Émile Bernard Georges Seurat Paul Signac Camille Pissarro Charles Angrand Léo Gausson Hippolyte Petitjean Maximilien Luce Henri-Edmond Cross Georges Lemmen El color científico cat. 17 Georges Lemmen Plage à Heist, 1891 (detalle) Georges Seurat Un Dimanche à La Grande Jatte, 1884-1886 [Tarde de domingo en La Grande Jatte] Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago (1926.224) 1886, un manifi esto científi co Art Institute of Chicago). Esta monumental obra, A mediados de la década de 1880 el impresionismo íntegramente pintada de acuerdo con las teorías apura su fórmula centrada en las sensaciones neoimpresionistas, causa sensación, al igual que los visuales y la traducción de lo efímero en pintura. paisajes de la costa normanda y de los alrededores Alrededor de Georges Seurat, una nueva generación de París que la acompañan. Destaca también Paul de artistas se enfrenta a este arte de la vaguedad por Signac por una escena de interior y varios paisajes una voluntad de construcción racional, y elabora una suburbanos tratados con un estilo ora impresionista, teoría del color y del dibujo basada en observaciones ora puntillista. El envío de Camille Pissarro, que científi cas. En los estudios se analizan y debaten los fue uno de los representantes más activos del escritos de Michel Eugène Chevreul1, Charles Blanc2, impresionismo, manifi esta su adhesión al nuevo David P. G. Humbert de Superville3, Ogden N. Rood4, dogma a través de paisajes con fi guras tratados de Hermann von Helmholtz5 y Charles Henry6 para principio a fi n a base de pequeños puntos (cat. 10). form ular un método de la pintura moderna. Dos años antes, en el Salon des Indépendants, El dominio de la luz y del color puesto en práctica Seurat había dirigido la atención hacia la metamorfosis por Seurat y teorizado por Paul Signac7 desemboca del impresionismo exponiendo una gran tela titulada e n una geometrización de las formas y un ritmo Une baignade à Asnières [Baño en Asnières] casi musical de la composición, con arabescos (Londres, The National Gallery), que representa decorativos y efectos atmosféricos controlados. una escena de la vida moderna tratada mediante La armonía del cuadro se basa en dividir la pincelada oposiciones de sombra y luz y una combinación en una infi nidad de pequeños puntos yuxtapuestos de formas sin contorno.
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