Bull. Kitakyusku Mus. Nat. Hist. Hum. Hist., Ser. A, 1: 13-22, March 31, 2003

Examination of the type specimens of Zephyrus pavo de Niceville and Zephyrus zoa de Niceville

Kyoichiro Ueda1 and Satoshi Koiwaya2 1Kitakyusku Museum ofNatural History and Human History, 2-4-1 Higashida, Yahata-higashi-ku, Kitakyusku 805-0071Japan 2680-6 Matahagi, Shimokitakata-machi, Miyazaki 880-0035Japan

ABSTRACT — The type specimens of Zephyrus pavo de Niceville, 1887 and Zephyrus zoa de Niceville, 1889 are examined, verified and figured.

and accommodated zoa in it. They examined a male INTRODUCTION specimen of zoa from Manipur-Hills, Assam and figured De Niceville described two Zephyrus hair-streaks, the labial palpus and male genitalia (1. c: 384-385, pl.38- Zephyrus pavofrom Bhutan (1887) and Zephyrus zoafrom fig. 41, pi. 65-figs. 42a-g). Darjeeling, North of India (1889). Both of the D'Abrera (1986) figured errorneously were from the collection by A. V. Knyvett. Niceville desgodinsi dumoides Tytler, 1915 as Neozephyrus zoa(\.c: (1887) stated of Z. pavo "The type specimen is unique, 552). D'Abrera (1993) noted his error, referring to and is deposited in Mr. A. V. Knyvett's collection, by Howarth (1. c.) and again figuring Neozephyrus zoa, cor whose native collectors it was obtained near Buxa in rectly illustrating the specimen from the Antram collec Bhutan"(1. c: 31), and of Z. zoa (1889) "A single speci tion. However, the author of dumoides is Tytler, not men has been obtained by Mr. A. V. Knyvett on Tiger's Oberthur as D'Abrera indicated. Hill, above Darjiling, at 8, 000 feet elevation, on 26th KoiWAYa (1988) figured a male specimen of Chryso June, 1888" (1. c.:168). Until recently the type deposito zephyrus zoa ssp. indet., one of several adults reared from ries ofboth species proved untraceable. In discussion of peculiar larvae of Zephyrus hairstreaks feeding on Prunus zoa, Howarth (1957) stated "The original specimen was sericea at Mt. Qingchengshan (alt. 850m), Sichuan, . taken by Mr. A. V. Knyvett on Tiger's Hill, Darjeeling, at He assigned them tentatively to zoa follow 8, 000 ft. on 26. vi. 1888 and was apparently in the de ing the examination of male genitalia by Emeritus Prof. Niceville collection in Calcutta but was not to be found T. Saigusa, Kyushu University. Sugiyama (1992) de when Dr. Norman examined the collection in 1956."(I.e.: scribed a new subspecies of zoa, Chrysozephyrus zoa interrup- 248). tus from Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China. Koiwaya (1996) Tytler (1915) took a long series of Zephyrus species figured the life history of Zephyrus zoa in detail with many from the summit of Mt. Kabru in Manipur and identi photographs taken at the field. fied them as Zephyrus zoa, but this material was subse During the preparation of "Theclinid of quently treated as a new species, Neozephyrus tytleri by the world" in colour, Koiwaya re-visited the difficulties in Howarth (1. c). Howarth placed Zephyrus zoa in the identifying "Zephyrus zoa" and "Zephyruspavo". After long Neozephyrus Sibatani & Pro on the basis of a speci research we found that the present depository for the men from the Antram collection presented by F. T. type specimens of both species is the Carnegie Museum Vallins, which he identified as zoa through comparison of Natural History based upon brief information in with Niceville's original description. "Collectiones entomologicae" (Walther et al, 1990). Shirozu & Yamamoto (1956) first stated that pavo We verified this through the courtesy of Dr. Rawlins of might belong to the genus Euaspa Moore, 1884, being the museum. To our surprise both type specimens had related to forsteri (Esaki & Shirozu, 1943) based on super already been examined by Dr. H. Chiba, Chikugo ficial resemblance without examination of material (1. c: City! We also discovered specimen that the type speci 370). They also established the new genus Chrysozephyrus men of Zephyrus zoa is a composite specimen, the wings

Received 18January 2003 14 Kyoichiro UEDAand Satoshi Koiwaya being attached to the body of a male specimen of another represent 1 mm. species. Dr. Ci-iiba made a sketch of the male genitalia and sent it to Lt-Col., Mr. Eliot who identified the DESCRIPTIONS genitalia as belonging to Iraola timokon (Stoll). Unfortunately these results have not as yet been published. Euaspa pavo (de Niceville, 1887) We re-examined both specimens in detail and come (Figs.l; A-C, 4; A-G) to the same conclusion with respect to Z. zoa, namely that Zephyrus pavo de Niceville, 1887: 460. HOLOTYPE d\ the wings of Zephyrus zoa are attached to the body of a (Carnegie Museum of Natural History), here verified [ex male Iraola thnoleon. Re-diagnoses for both Euaspa pavo amined]. and Chrysozephyrus zoa follow. All scales on the figures Euaspa pavo: Shirozu & Yamamoio, 1956: 370.

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Fig. 1. A: Holotype of Zephyrus pavo Niceville, upperside, B: Ditto, underside, C: Labels attached with the holotype of Zephyrus pavo Niceville, D: Holotype of Zephyrus zoa Niceville (only wings), upperside, E: Ditto, underside, I'": Labels attached with the holotype of Zephyrus zoa Niceville. Type specimens of Zephyrus pavo and Zephyrus zoa 15

Euaspa pavo: D'ABRERA, 198(5: 550, fig.

Male Antenna black ringed with white; tip is ochreous. Upperside of both wings. Forewing black; basal half of costa dull brown; discal cell, cell la, lb, basal half of cell 2 and basal 1/3 of cell 3 brilliant and metallic purple; orange markings present in the middle of cell 3 and base of cell 4; the rest of the forewing black. Hindwing uni formly brown; cell la pale brown; cilia white, sparsely tipped with brown. Underside of both wings. Forewing fuscous brown; discocellular bar distinct, broad and defined by white on Fig. 2. Figure of Zephyrus zoa Niceville (from Niceville, 1889).

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E F Fig. 3. A: Iraola limolemi (Stole), J\ upperside, Mt. I.uofushan, B: Ditto, underside. C: Chrysozephyrus zoa inlemiptusSugiyama, 1992, rf\ upperside. D: Ditto, underside. F: Ditto. -?•, upperside, F: Ditio, underside. 16 Kyoichiro Ukim and Satoshi Koiwaya each side; postdiscal line white, oblique from costa to vein Neozephyrus zoa: Howarth, 1957: 248, figs. 11, 54, 64. 2 and slightly shifted outwardly in the cells 5 and 4; Neozephyrus zoa: D'Abrera, 1986: 552, figs. (Misidenti- beyond the postdiscal line to indistinct submarginal line fication of Neozephyrus desgodinsi dumoides Tytler, 1915) this area tinged with pale violet scales; antemarginal line Chrysozephyrus zoa: Koiwaya, 1988: 278, fig. white but indistinct. Hindwing fuscous brown; indistinct Chrysozephyrus zoainterruptus Sugiyama, 1992: 4, figs. 8-10. white lines present at the basal portion but untraceable; Neozephyrus zoa: D'Abrera, 1993: 410, figs. below vein 8 white subbasal line minutely waved and Chrysozephyrus zoa: Koiwaya, 1996: 100-101, figs. 561-577. extended to vein lc, then acutely curved upwards to inner margin; postdiscal line white from costa, abruptly shifted Male inwards at vein 3 and extended to vein lc; between the Upperside of both wings: Forewing dark green; costa, postdiscal line and a series of white submarginal crescents outer margin and veins black; the outer black margin filled with pale violet scales; submarginal line indistinct wide, almost 1/3 of the cell in the cell 3. Hind wing and suffused with pale violet scales outwardly; ante- dark green; black scales extended from costa to cell 5; marginal line white; a black pupilled orange ocellus in outer and inner margin black and wide; tonal portion cell 2 not confluent with tornal orange patch which is broken. lined with black inwardly; tonal spot black. Underside of both wings: Fuliginous black. Forewing; discocellular bar dark brown faindy edged with white on Male genitalia. Dorsum moderate; tegumen not raised each side; postdiscal line white, slightly waved, lined in dorsally just posterior to the anterior margin; dorsodistal wardly dark brown and from costa to vein 2; submarginal margin of tegumen extended posteriorly and curved in band dark brown, broad in the cells lb-2 and indistinct wards in dorsal view; uncus broad, well developed, 2/3 x towards costa; antemarginal line dark brown and broad as long as height of vinculum, and gradually dilated to but only traceable on right wing. Hindwing; subbasal wards distal margin; saccus very short, 0.2 x as long as line short and white; discocellular bar dark brown, edged height of ring; falx short and rather simple without spine with white distinctly on inner side and vaguely on outer like processes. Valva small; ampullar process straight side; postdiscal line white, slightly shifted outwards at vein and slightly dilated towards distal margin; ventroproximal 4 but almost straight from costa to vein 2; middle portion portion of harpe swollen and ended into acute of typical "W of postdiscal line untraceable in the cell lc tip. Phallus broad, almost straight, 1.3 x as long as of the left hind wing but distinct on the right hind wing; height of vinculum; subzonal portion 0.8 x as long as submarginal band white but indistinct from costa to vein suprazonal portion; coecum short; suprazonal portion 4; outer margin from the submarginal band white scales broadened at the middle; vesica without cornuti; juxta broadly scattered; black pupilled ocellus and tornal patch very slender and u-shaped. with black tonal spot orange; an orange remnant present between ocellus and the spot; marginal line white but Material examined. Holotype d* with five labels: indistinct. Zephyrus pavo, de Niceville. £. TYPE. Buxa, Bhutan.; Remounted, original position wings well folded.; Euaspa Material examined. Holotype £ (wings only) with two pavode N., d* det. by H. Chiba 1989; Genitalia Examined labels; Zephyrus zoa, de Niceville. J\ TYPE. Darjiling, by H. Chiba 89100301; broken small red label without let 8000'. 26. 6. 88.; red label without letters and the right ters (Carnegie Museum of Natural History). margin is slightly torn (Carnegie Museum of Natural History). The head, thorax (except for wings) and abdo Remarks. De Niceville regarded this specimen as men were replaced by Iraola timoleon (Stoll, 1790). female. Sexual dimorphism is not so conspicuous in spe cies of the genus Euaspaand it is often difficult to identify Remarks. The specimen is rather in poor condition. the sex of examples without dissection. On both wings, the basal portion of the costa was appar- endy damaged by pests and the tonal area of hind Chrysozephyrus zoa (de Niceville, 1889) wing is torn offand lost. From the ventral view, it is obvi (Figs.l; D-F, 2) ous that some glue was used heavily to join the wings to Zephyrus zoa de Niceville, 1889: 167. HOLOTYPE o* the body. We re-examined the male genitalia of (wings only) (Carnegie Museum of Natural History), here "Zephyrus zoa" dissected by Dr. Chiba carefully and com verified [examined]. pared it with the male specimen of timoleon from Chrysozephyrus zoa: Shirozu & Yamamoto, 1956: 384, pi. China (Mt. Luofushan, Guangdong Prov., 21. viii. 1991.) 38, fig. 41, pi. 65, figs. 42a-g. (Figs. 3; A-B, 5; A-D). Although there are slight differ- Type specimens of Zephyrus pavo and Zephyrus zoa 17

Fig. 4. Male genitalia of the holotype of Zephyrus pavo NiCEViLt.e. A: Ring, dorsal view, B: Ring, lateral view, C: Falcis, ventral view, D: Valva, dorsolateral view, E:Juxta, caudal view, F: Phallus, lateral view, G: Phallus, dorsal view. 18 Kyoichiro UniMand Satoshi Koiwaya

Fig. 5. Male genitalia of Iraola timoleon ssp. A: Genitalia as a whole, lateral aspect, from the abdomen attached with the wings of Zephyrus zoa (holotype), B: Genitalia as a whole, lateral aspect, from Iraola timoleon ssp. of Mt. Luofushan, China, C: Valvae, ventral view, from the abdomen attached with the wings of Zephyrus zoa (holotype), D: Valvae, ventral view, from Iraola timoleon ssp. of Mt. Luofushan, China. Type specimensof Zephyrus pavo and Zephyrus zoa 19

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Fig. 7. Female abdomen, terminalia and genitalia of Chrysozephyrus zoa inlerruplus Suc.iyama. A: Abdomen as a whole, latenil view, B: Terminalia, ventral view, C: Genitalia as a whole, lateral view, D: Genitalia as a whole, ventral view. Type specimens of Zephyrus pavoand Zephyrus zoa 21 ences in the male genitalia, i. e., the shapes of distal por subzonal portion 0.9 x as long as suprazonal portion: tion of valva, thickness of saccus and the shape of coecum short; suprazonal portion narrowed beyond the fenestrula, they are basically the same as each other, middle; vesica with small sparse cornuti; juxta rather including the typical shape and position of cornuti. We broad and Y-shaped in ventral view. conclude that the male genitalia of "Zephyrus zoa" are rep Female. resentative of those of Iraola timoleon, as suggested by Upperside of both wings: Forewing dark brown; orange Mr. Eliot. The body of the type specimen was replaced markings present in the cells 3-5 basally and in the cell 2 by someone probably after the type specimen was dam at the middle, but variable in the shape and size, and aged by insect pests. sometimes atrophied; peacock blue scales present in the The lithographic figure included in the original de discal cell and lb; cilia white tipped with grey in the cells scription by Niceville illustrates both sides of the left lb and 2. Hindwing dark brown uniformly; cilia white wings (Fig. 2). On the underside, the figure lacks the tipped with dark brown. middle portion of W-shaped postdiscal line (Niceville's Underside of both wings: Postdiscal lines interrupted at "the usual W-shaped discal prominent line" 1. c, p. the veins and forming crescents especially on the forew 167). It has long been questionable if Zephyrus zoa lacks ing. the W-shaped postdiscal line or not, even though Female terminalia and genitalia. Niceville noted its presence in the description. This Seventh abdominal sternum weakly sclerotized and very middle portion of the W-shaped postdiscal line is very dif narrow. Eighth abdominal tergum large and narrowing ficult to trace on the left hindwing of the specimen. On posteriorly in lateral view; ventromedial portion of the the right hindwing we could trace it clearly (arrows). antevaginal plate deeply notched at the distal margin; Therefore, it appears that the illustrator drew the figure postvaginal portion membranous; ductus bursae well scle precisely on the basis of the type specimen, i. e. the holo rotized, moderate, and 0.8 x as long as 8th abdominal ter type. gum; corpus bursae large and long, reaching to 3rd In addition, the male and female specimens and the abdominal segment; a pair ofsmall and oval signa present genitalia of Chrysozephyrus zoa interruptus Sugiyama are il laterally, from which a short triangular process projects lustrated for the reference (Figs. 3; C-F, 6, 7). inwards. Papilla analis almost quadrate in lateral view and ventrodistal portion protruded anteriorly; many thin Chrysozephyrus zoa interruptusSugiyama, 1992 setae present; apophysis posterioris slender and long, 1.8 x as long as width of papilla analis. Male. Length of forewing: 17 mm. Antenna black ringed with white; apical portion of an Material examined. cT 8c %- vii. 1993., Mt. Qing- tenna ochreous ventrally. Upperside of both wings: chengshan (alt. 850m), Sichuan, China. Forewing almost same as in the nominate subspecies, but black margin more developed inwardly and extended to ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1/2 of cell 3; cilia white. Hindwing darker and dark green scales reduced to the posterior half of the cell and We express our hearty thanks to Mr. P. Ackery and the basal portions of cells 2 and lc. Dr. G. S. Robinson, The Natural History Museum, Lon Underside of both wings: Hind wing; the black pupilled don, for reading the early draft and making helpful com orange ocellus and tornal orange patch are not confluent ments; Dr. H. Chiba, Chikugo City, kindly gave us the with each other; cilia white but tipped with black in the opportunity to publish this result he found before us; Lt-Col., cells 2 and 3. Mr. J. N. Eliot, Taunton indirecdy helped us to identify Male genitalia. Iraola timoleon from his deepest knowledge of butterflies of Dorsum large; tegumen raised dorsally just posterior to the Oriental region; Dr.J. E. Rawlins, Carnegie Museum of the anterior margin; posterior margin of dorsum deeply Natural History lent us the type materials; Emeritus Prof. emarginate, without any posteromedial projection in dor T. Saigusa, Kyushu University helped Koiwaya to identify sal view; saccus rather long, 0.4 x as long as height of Chrysozephyrus zoa from China; Emeritus Prof. T. Shirozu, vinculum; falx large and long with many spine-like pro Kyushu University encouraged us during this work. cesses at the elbow. Valva small; ampullar process strongly curved inwards at the middle and ending in an REFERENCES acute tip; ventroproximal margin of harpe produced and D'Abrkra, B., 1986. Butler/lies of the Oriental region. Pari III. quadrate in ventral view. Phallus long, slender and & Riodinidae. pp. ix-xv., 536-672. Hill House, almost straight, 1.5 x as long as height of vinculum; Melbourne. 22 Kyoichiro Ukda and Satoshi Koiwaya

D'Abrera, B., 1993. Butterflies of the Holarclic region. Part III. de NiCKVii.i.K, L., 1889. On new and little-known butterflies from Nympkalidae (concl.), Libytheidae, Riodinidae 8c Lycaenidae. pp. vii, the Indian region, with a revision of the genus Plesioneura of 336-524. Hill House, Victoria. Felder and of authors. Journal ofthe Bombay Natural History Soci Howarth, T. G., 1957. A revision of the genus Neozephyrus Sibatani ety, 4 (3): 163-194, pis. A-B. and Ito (: Lycaenidae). Bulletin of the British Shirozu, T. 8c H. Yamamoto, 1956. A generic revision and the phy- Museum (Natural History), Entomology, 5(6): 235-285. logeny of the tribe (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). Koiwaya, S., 1988. Illustrated rare of the world (4). Tsu-I- Sieboldia, 1(4): 329-421, pis. 35-85. So,566-567: 261-282 (in Japanese). Sugiyama, H., 1992. New butterflies from West-China, including Koiwaya, S., 1996. Studies of Chinese Butterflies. III. 285 pp., Tokyo. Hainan. Pallarge, 1: 1-19. de Niceviixe, L., 1887. Descriptions of some new or little-known Tytler, H. C, 1915. Notes on some new and interesting butteiflies butterflies from India, with some notes on the seasonal dimor from Manipur and the Naga Hills, Part III. Journal of the phism obtaining in the genus Melanitis. Proceedings of the Zoo Bombay Natural History Society, 24: 119-155, pis. 3-4. logical Society of London, 1887: 448-467, pis. 39-40. Wai.ther, H., el ai, 1990. Collectiones entomologicae. 573 pp., Berlin.