DOCSLIB.ORG

New (Er) Urbanism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

New(er) Urbanism A Thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture In the School of Architecture and Interior Design In the College of Design Architecture Art and Planning By Quinn Kummer BS Arch, University of Cincinnati May 2011 abstrAct Currently, federal urban policy is focused on the deconcentration of poverty, with the implicit notion that mixed-income living may allow upward mobility for the urban poor. A crucial assumption behind this mixed-income strategy is that social ties will form across socio- economic lines. The New Urbanist theory that guides housing design today espouses an ‘architecture of engagement’ that supports a sense of ‘community,’ but the requisite cross-cultural interaction remains to be seen. Through an analysis of theoretical and empirical works from the environmental-behavioral field, I suggest that building-scale design strategies may, in fact, encourage the formation of cross-cultural social ties. Specifically, I propose a reconfiguration of traditional circula- tion and threshold conditions on an existing rowhouse development in Cincinnati, the Glencoe Place apartments. These dwellings provide an ideal backdrop for innovative architectural strategies, because they represent, on multiple levels, a ‘failed’ housing strategy. ii cONtENTS 01 Introduction 1 02 the social History of Public Housing 9 Early Public Housing 10 Modernism 11 Postmodernism 15 Public Housing Today 17 03 the case for Mixed Income communities 21 04 the case for traditional Neighborhood Design 31 05 the case for Defensible space 39 06 contemporary socio-spatial theories 49 07 Precedents 57 Weinstein Copeland Architects 60 Jean Renaudie 66 Giancarlo De Carlo 72 Moisei Ginzburg 78 08 Project site 87 History 88 Physical Context 94 Current Conditions 96 Social Context 100 09 New(er) Urbanism 103 iv Image credits 01 Koyaanisqatsi: Life Out of Balance 02 Planning for .Disaster: DVD. Directed How Natural by Godfrey and Man-madeReggio. Los Disasters Angeles: ShapeMGM, 1983.the Built Environment 04 Ramroth, William G. Kaplan Publishing, 2007. 166. Timeline Images in chronological order: . 1800s Riis, Jacob. (1890). Hells Kitchen and Sebastopol From Wikipedia. JPG, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jacob_Riis_-_Hells_Kitchen_ and_Sebastopol_-_photograph_.jpg (accessed May 17, 2011). 1898 Photograph of EbenezerToward Howard. New Accessed Towns forMay, America 17 2011. http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ebenezer_Howard.jpg 1924 Stein, Clarence. (1924). Cambridge: The MIT Press. 1925 http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/2005/05/rein vent- ing_pub.html (accessed May 17, 2011). 1928 http://www.memo.fr/Media/Le_Corbusier.jpg (accessed May 17, 2011). 1929 (left) Held, Louis. (1919). Portrait of Walter Gropius.Modernity From and Wikipe Hous- - ingdia. JPG, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WalterGropius-1919.jpg (accessed May 17,Constructivist 2011) (right) Architecture Rowe, Peter in the G. USSR. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1993. Fig. 138. 1932 Kopp, Anatole. London: Acad- emy Editions, 1985. p 71. 1933 Goldensky, Elias. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. 1933. From Wikipedia. JPG, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FDR_in_1933.jpgCreating Defensible Space (accessed May 17, 2011). 1937 Newman, Oscar. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1996. Fig IV-6. 1949 Levittown, Pennsylvania. From The Urban Times. JPG, http://static. theurbn.com/wpcontent/uploads/2010/09/LevittownPennsylvania. jpg (accessedTeam 10 May 1953-81: 17, 2011). In Search of a Utopia of the Present 1953 Smithson, Alison and Peter. Ideogram of a net of human relations. From , edited by Max Risselada and Dirk van den Heuvel. Rotterdam: NAi, 2005. p 244. 1961 From BloombergCreating Businessweek. Defensible JPG, Space http://images.businessweek. com/mz/04/33/0433_12innova.jpg (accessed May 17, 2011). 1972 Newman, Oscar. Planning for Disaster:. HowWashington, Natural andD.C.: Man- U.S. madeDepartment Disasters of HousingShape the and Built Urban Environment Development, 1996. Fig I-9. 1972 Ramroth, William G. Kaplan Publishing, 2007. 166. 1979 From Coastal Family Living. JPG, http://coastalfamilyliving.com/wp- content/uploads/2011/04/Seaside-FL.jpg (accessed May 17, 2011). 1987 http://www.nndb.com/people/478/000062292/w-wilson-sm.jpgCreating Defensible Space (accessed May 17, 2011). 1987 Newman, Oscar. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1996. Fig IV-10. v 1996 From Zillow Blog. JPG, http://www.zillow.com/blog/mortgage / files/2010/01/hud_logo.jpg (accessed May 17, 2011). 1996 http://i.bnet.com/blogs/henry-cisneros-lower-res-200x300.jpg (ac- cessed May 17, 2011). 1999 Courtesy Bing Maps. http://www.bing.com/maps (accessed May 17, 05 2011). 06 Rankin, Bill. Flavors of Blur. 2009. JPG, http://www.radicalcartography.net/chica- godots_income_big.jpg (accessed May 17, 2011). 07 Rankin, Bill. A Taxonomy of Transitions. 2009. JPG, http://www.radicalcartogra- phy.net/chicagodots_race_big.jpg (accessedEnvironment May 17, 2011). and Planning A Illustration based on Kleit, Rachel G. “HOPE VI New Communities: Neighborhood 08 RobertRelationships Moses and in Mixed-Income the modern city Housing.” : the transformation of New York. 37, no. 8 (2007): 1413-1441. Fig. 1. 09 Robert Moses and the modern city : the transformation of New York edited by Hil- ary Ballon and Kenneth T. Jackson. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2007. p 128. 12 . edited by Hil- ary Ballon and Kenneth T. Jackson. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2007. p 262. Original Image from Wikipedia. JPG,http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ 13 commons/thumb/b/b9/Pruitt-igoeUSGS02.jpg/800px-Pruitt-igoeUSGS02.jpgCreating Defensible Space (accessed May 17, 2011). 14 Newman, Oscar. Defensible space: Crime Prevention. Washington, through D.C.: Urban U.S. Department Design. of Housing and Urban Development, 1996. Fig I-9. 18 Newman, Oscar. The Social Logic of Space New York: Macmillan, 1972. Fig. 150. 20 Hillier, Bill, and Julienne Hanson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. Fig. 121. Jowers, James. New York Public Library. Rochester: George Eastman House Col- 21-25lection, 1967. From Flickr. JPG, http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3156/2987740376_ 26 d219204a1c_o.jpgA Right(accessed to Difference: May 17, 2011). The Architecture of Jean Renaudie Images courtesy of Weinstein Copeland Architects, Seattle. 27 Scalbert, Irénée. A Right to Difference: The Architecture of Jean Renaudie. London: Architectural Association, 2004. p 110. 28 Scalbert, Irénée. A Right to Difference: The Architecture of Jean Renaudie. London: Architectural Association, 2004. p 151. 29 TeamScalbert, 10 1953-81:Irénée. In Search of a Utopia of the Present . London: Architectural Association, 2004. p 153. 30-31 Team 10 1953-81: In Search of a Utopia of the Present, edited by Max Risselada and Dirk van den Heuvel, 220-224. Rotterdam: NAi, 2005. p 220 32 Team 10 1953-81: In Search of a Utopia of the Present , edited by Max Risselada and Dirk van den Heuvel, 220-224. Rotterdam: NAi, 2005. p 223. 33 Constructivist Architecture in the USSR., edited by Max Risselada and Dirk van den Heuvel, 220-224. Rotterdam: NAi, 2005. p. 221. 35-37 Kopp, Anatole. Constructivist Architecture in the USSR.London: Academy Editions, 1985. p 67. 38 Kopp, Anatole.Constructivist Architecture in the USSR. London: Academy Edi- tions, 1985. p 73. 42 Kopp, Anatole. Glencoe Place:London: Mount Auburn Academy Neighbor Editions, 1985. p 71. Cincinnati Dept. of Urban Development. vi hood Development Program 43 Glencoe Place General Plan . Cincinnati: Cincinnati Dept. of Urban Development, n.d. 44 Cincinnati City Planning Commission. Cincinnati, 1964. (top 3) Courtesy Google Maps http://maps.google.com (accessed May 17, 2011) 51 and (bottom) Courtesy Bing Maps http://www.bing.com/maps (accessed May 17, 2011). From ArchDaily. JPG, http://cdn.archdaily.net/wp-content/up- loads/2010/12/1292513155-03.jpg (accessed May 17, 2011). vii 01 introduction Koyaanisqatsi: Life out of Bal- anceOne of the most enduring images of American public housing comes from director Godfrey Reggio’s 1982 film, . In a sequence entitled “Pruitt-Igoe,” a grave, foreboding score by Philip Glass sets the tone as the camera pans through various urban scenes, beginning with the canyons of Manhattan’s financial district. Af- ter briefly visiting a block of faceless, dilapidated tenements, the viewer is once again whisked away to an eerily abandoned urban setting. As the musical accompaniment turns a shade darker, the camera reveals various signs of urban decay: a rubble strewn playground, a broken streetlamp swaying gently in the breeze. The strings enter, then slowly languish in a descending minor scale. 1 Suddenly, the music becomes urgent and violent. The woodwinds Today, American public housing bears little resemblance to its be- and the strings join in tumultuous arpeggios, punctuated by a strident hemoth ancestors. As outlined by a group called the New Urbanists, trumpet call. The viewer is once again transplanted, now to the skies current design guidelines eschew the massive scale and alien form of above a seemingly endless field of identical 11-storey apartment build- Modernist housing schemes in favor of a more traditional urban mod- ings. As the tempestuous score rages on in the background, the camera el. By rebuilding American inner cities with historically-flavored row- pans quickly through the towers, revealing monotonous brick walls and houses and other low-riseKoyaanisqatsi: housing Lifetypologies, out of Balance the New Urbanists seek row upon row of broken windows. There is clearly something sinister to expunge the stigmatized image of mid-century public housing so elo- about this place. quently portrayed in . While they have As the scene unfolds, the camera settles on a wide-angle shot of a been largely successful in this endeavor, it seems that the New Urban- single building. A white cloud escapes from the lower windows, and ists have also abandoned the socially-transformative ideals of Modernist soon the mammoth structure begins to collapse upon itself. The build- architecture in their retreat towards traditional neighborhood design.
Recommended publications
  • Open Terrace on the Second Floor, and a Garden and B Solarium Atop the Roof

    Open Terrace on the Second Floor, and a Garden and B Solarium Atop the Roof

    Utopian Dreams Moisei Ginzburg’s Narkomfin Dom Kommuna ehind the Narkomfin Dom Kommuna’s austere bands of double-height windows unfolds a six-story blueprint for communal living that is as ingenious as it is humane. Built between 1928 and 1930 by a team of architects and engineers led by Moisei Ginzburg, a member of the post-revolutionary Union of Contemporary Architects, the building, erected to house employees of the Ministry of Finance, consists not only of private quarters with built-in furniture but communal facilities—an open terrace on the second floor, and a garden and Bsolarium atop the roof. A four-story annex housed a fitness center, kitchen, public restaurant, library, recreation room, and a nursery. Close by, a two story provided laundry and repair services. These facilities made the building a successful house-commune intended to dissolve social barriers though the division of household chores between inhabitants while preserving privacy. With its innovative ap- proach to living, the structure was seen as an important step in the transformation of Soviet society for revolutionary housing types that were to be adopted by the entire Russian Republic. A Constructivist masterpiece, the Narkomfin building realized an important goal of European Mod- ernist architecture, that of achieving the most minimal and rational support of modern life, the existenz minimum, and in the process fomenting social reform through architecture. Nowhere is this more evi- dent than in the building’s F-units with their innovative Frankfurt style kitchens, which influenced Le Corbusier’s design for his iconic Unite d’Habitation in Marseilles.
  • In Response to a Recent Outbreak of Gang Warfare Violence at the Robert

    In Response to a Recent Outbreak of Gang Warfare Violence at the Robert

    In response to a recent outbreak of gang warfare violence at the Robert Taylor Homes in Chicago that left ten people dead over a weekend, the Director of the Chicago Housing Authority, Vincent Lane, wanted to have the Chicago police conduct a warrantless sweep search of the Taylor Homes, and to require residents to agree to such searches as a condition in their housing leases. The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) has challenged the constitutionality of the sweep search Director Lane wanted. The ACLU also indicated that it would vigorously challenge in court any policy of the Chicago Housing Authority that makes agreement to warrantless searches a condition of living in public housing. Under the circumstances prevailing at the Robert Taylor Homes would warrantless police sweep searches of tenants' apartments be morally justifiable? ANSWER: No: This is a difficult question that requires balancing the fundamental interest of public housing residents in security from life threatening violent criminal behavior and their basic moral right to privacy in their homes. In this case it seems that the balance must be struck in favor of the right of privacy. Given the widespread possession and easy availability of guns in the United States, it is uncertain how effective warrantless sweep searches would be, even if done frequently. On the other hand, the searches would have to be very thorough and intrusive in light of the ease with which a person can hide a gun. The situation at the Robert Taylor Homes is tragic and frightening, but dispensing with a warrant requirement for searches of apartment is not an ethically appropriate response to it.
  • Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas

    Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas

    5 Six Canonical Projects by Rem Koolhaas has been part of the international avant-garde since the nineteen-seventies and has been named the Pritzker Rem Koolhaas Architecture Prize for the year 2000. This book, which builds on six canonical projects, traces the discursive practice analyse behind the design methods used by Koolhaas and his office + OMA. It uncovers recurring key themes—such as wall, void, tur montage, trajectory, infrastructure, and shape—that have tek structured this design discourse over the span of Koolhaas’s Essays on the History of Ideas oeuvre. The book moves beyond the six core pieces, as well: It explores how these identified thematic design principles archi manifest in other works by Koolhaas as both practical re- Ingrid Böck applications and further elaborations. In addition to Koolhaas’s individual genius, these textual and material layers are accounted for shaping the very context of his work’s relevance. By comparing the design principles with relevant concepts from the architectural Zeitgeist in which OMA has operated, the study moves beyond its specific subject—Rem Koolhaas—and provides novel insight into the broader history of architectural ideas. Ingrid Böck is a researcher at the Institute of Architectural Theory, Art History and Cultural Studies at the Graz Ingrid Böck University of Technology, Austria. “Despite the prominence and notoriety of Rem Koolhaas … there is not a single piece of scholarly writing coming close to the … length, to the intensity, or to the methodological rigor found in the manuscript
  • Utopian Reality Russian History and Culture

    Utopian Reality Russian History and Culture

    Utopian Reality Russian History and Culture Editors-in-Chief Jeffrey P. Brooks The Johns Hopkins University Christina Lodder University of Kent VOLUME 14 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/rhc Utopian Reality Reconstructing Culture in Revolutionary Russia and Beyond Edited by Christina Lodder Maria Kokkori and Maria Mileeva LEIDEn • BOSTON 2013 Cover illustration: Staircase in the residential building for members of the Cheka (the Secret Police), Sverdlovsk (now Ekaterinburg), 1929–1936, designed by Ivan Antonov, Veniamin Sokolov and Arsenii Tumbasov. Photograph Richard Pare. © Richard Pare. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Utopian reality : reconstructing culture in revolutionary Russia and beyond / edited by Christina Lodder, Maria Kokkori and Maria Mileeva. pages cm. — (Russian history and culture, ISSN 1877-7791; volume 14) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-26320-8 (hardback : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-90-04-26322-2 (e-book) 1. Soviet Union—Intellectual life—1917–1970. 2. Utopias—Soviet Union—History. 3. Utopias in literature. 4. Utopias in art. 5. Arts, Soviet—History. 6. Avant-garde (Aesthetics)—Soviet Union—History. 7. Cultural pluralism—Soviet Union—History. 8. Visual communication— Soviet Union—History. 9. Politics and culture—Soviet Union—History 10. Soviet Union— Politics and government—1917–1936. I. Lodder, Christina, 1948– II. Kokkori, Maria. III. Mileeva, Maria. DK266.4.U86 2013 947.084–dc23 2013034913 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface.
  • World Monuments Watch World

    World Monuments Watch World

    the preservation quarterly of the world monuments fund world monuments fund SUMMER 2005 the preservation quarterly of the world monuments fund $4.95 special issue World Monuments Watch 100 Most EndangeredEndangered SitesSites 20062006 success story: MOSTAR, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Past Successes, Future Challenges 100 Most Endangered Sites 2006 by Michelle L. Berenfeld ith each new list of 100 Most Endangered, the World Monuments Fund is presented with, and in turn presents to the world, a unique snapshot of the history of humanity as it is manifest in the architectural legacy that has come down to us. At first glance, this picture may appear to be a random sampling of interesting buildings and site types, yet as we Wlearn more each place on the list, we find common denominators in terms of nature of the sites and the threats they face that will enhance our ability to preserve these cultural relics and others like them. conflict Many sites on the list are located in areas currently in the midst of or emerging from conflict. Beyond damage incurred as a direct consequence of warfare, many of these sites face threats such as looting and vandalism that arise in the aftermath of war or as a result of a lawless environment in the absence of any governing authority. Yet, monuments in war-torn areas can be potent reminders of our long and shared history and of a future beyond conflict. That such sites are a key part of who we are is un- 12 summer 2005 conflict WAR AND ETHNIC INTOLERANCE HAD TAKEN TheIR TOLL ON The OTTO- MAN CITY OF MOSTAR, LEFT, BY The TIme IT FIRST CAme ONTO The WATCH LIST IN 2000, TODAY, The CITY IS WITNessING RebIRTH AS A CENTER OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY.
  • 11.941 Learning by Comparison: First World/Third World Cities Fall 2008

    11.941 Learning by Comparison: First World/Third World Cities Fall 2008

    MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 11.941 Learning by Comparison: First World/Third World Cities Fall 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. DESIGN Principles & Practices: An International Journal Volume 3, Number 4 The Impact of Urban Design Elements on the Successes and Failures of Modern Multi-family Housing: A Comparative Study of Robert Taylor Homes, Chicago and HanGang Apart Complex, Seoul Jae Seung Lee www.design-journal.com DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL http://www.Design­Journal.com First published in 2009 in Melbourne, Australia by Common Ground Publishing Pty Ltd www.CommonGroundPublishing.com. © 2009 (individual papers), the author(s) © 2009 (selection and editorial matter) Common Ground Authors are responsible for the accuracy of citations, quotations, diagrams, tables and maps. All rights reserved. Apart from fair use for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act (Australia), no part of this work may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. For permissions and other inquiries, please contact <cg­[email protected]>. ISSN: 1833­1874 Publisher Site: http://www.Design­Journal.com DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL is peer­ reviewed, supported by rigorous processes of criterion­referenced article ranking and qualitative commentary, ensuring that only intellectual work of the greatest substance and highest significance is published. Typeset in Common Ground Markup Language using CGCreator multichannel typesetting system http://www.commongroundpublishing.com/software/ The Impact of Urban Design Elements on the Successes and Failures of Modern Multi-family Housing: A Comparative Study of Robert Taylor Homes, Chicago and HanGang Apart Complex, Seoul Jae Seung Lee, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts, USA Abstract: This study explores the role of urban design in the successes and failures of modern multi- family housing developments.
  • Applications of the Golden Mean to Architecture

    Applications of the Golden Mean to Architecture

    Meandering Through Mathematics, 21 February 2012. Reprinted by Laa — Laboratoire Analyse Architecture, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium, 12 December 2012 APPLICATIONS OF THE GOLDEN MEAN TO ARCHITECTURE Nikos A. Salingaros, The University of Texas at San Antonio. Abstract: The Golden Mean, an irrational number related to the Fibonacci sequence, arises in the study of biological growth and hierarchical systems. Quite distinct from natural structures that exhibit such growth patterns, artists and architects have long made extraordinary assertions about a preference for rectangles having aspect ratio 1.618:1 approximating the Golden Mean. Such claims are false and are chiefly due to failing to measure things accurately. These embarrassing errors are perpetuated by a kind of cult mysticism. The Golden Mean does apply to architectural composition in the context of scaling hierarchy that organizes complexity; this design methodology is unrelated however to a rectangle’s aspect ratio. Simply considering rectangular aspect ratios does not guarantee good design. 1. Introduction. The architectural literature frequently mentions an irrational number called the Golden Mean. It is common to claim that the Golden Mean has influenced the shape of countless important buildings throughout history, and that it is somehow responsible for any “balance” and “harmony” that they possess. Supposedly, a rectangle with aspect ratio satisfying the Golden Mean has special, almost magical, properties. Even though there are numerous instances of the Golden Mean arising in natural systems (in growth patterns, not in rectangles), it is problematic to find unambiguous examples of Golden Mean rectangles in man-made structures (Livio, 2003). This is surprising, considering the vigorous claims made by so many authors convinced otherwise.
  • EVALUATION of the URBAN INITIATIVES: Anti-Crime

    EVALUATION of the URBAN INITIATIVES: Anti-Crime

    f U.u-(;(;L40b.+ Contract HC-5231 EVALUATION OF THE URBAN INITIATIVES ANTI-CRIME PROGRAM CHICAGO, IL, CASE STUDY 1984 Prepared for: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research Prepared by: Police Foundation John F. Kennedy School of Government The views and conclusions presented in this report are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Department of Housing and Urban Development or of the United States Government I This report is one in a series that comprises a comprehensive evaluation of the Public Housing Urban Initiatives Anti-Crime Demonstration. The Final Report provides an integrated analysis of the design, implementation and impact of the entire demonstration, and each of the 15 site-specific case studies analyzes the implementation and impact of the programs at individual partici­ pating local housing authorities. The complete set of reports includes: Evaluation of the Urban Initiatives Anti-Crime Program: Final Report Evaluation of the Urban Initiatives Anti-Crime Program: Baltimore, MD, Case Study Charlotte, NC, Case Study Chicago, IL, Case Study Cleveland, OH, Case Study Dade County, FL, Case Stu~ Hampton, VA, Case Study Hartford, CT, Case Stu~ Jackson,1 , Case Study Jersey City, NJ, Case Study Louisville, KY, Case Study Oxnard County, CA, Case Study San Antonio, TX, Case Study Seattle, WA, Case Study Tampa, FL, Case Study Toledo, OH, Case Study Each of the above reports is available from HUD USER for a handling charge. For information contact: HUD USER Post Office Box 280 Germantown, MD 20874 (301) 251-5154 -. II PREFACE The Urban Initiatives Anti-Crime Demonstration was created by the Public Housing Security Demonstration Act of 1978.
  • 8Npvysfq 10Stories-Mov-En.Pdf

    8Npvysfq 10Stories-Mov-En.Pdf

    Title 10 STORIES OF COLLECTIVE HOUSING Subtitle A graphical analysis of inspiring masterpieces by a+t research group ISBN 978-84-616-4136-9 Authors a+t research group: Aurora Fernández Per Javier Mozas Alex S. Ollero Layout and production: Aurora Fernández Per Alex S. Ollero Delia Argote Coordination: Idoia Esteban Communication and Press: Patricia García Editor English language version: Ken Mortimer Printing: Gráficas Dosbi SL VI 366-2013 Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2013 Published by: a+t architecture publishers General Álava 15, 2ºA. E-01005. Vitoria-Gasteiz. Spain www.aplust.net © Edition: a+t architecture publishers © Texts and drawings: a+t research group © Photos: their authors No part of this publication, including the cover, may be reproduced or transmitted without the express authorization in writing of the publisher. CONTENTS TIMELINE 08 01 THE STREET IN THE AIR JUSTUS VAN EFFEN COMPLEX. Michiel Brinkman. Rotterdam,1919-1922 12 02 THE SINKING OF THE SOCIAL CONDENSER NARKOMFIN DOM-KOMMUNA. Moisei Ginzburg, Ignaty Milinis. Moscow,1928-1930-1932 66 03 CHEAPER, FASTER, LIGHTER AND TALLER CITÉ DE LA MUETTE. Beaudouin, Lods, Mopin, Bodiansky. Paris, 1931-1934 116 04 THE ELEGANCE OF THE DISSIDENT HOUSING FOR BORSALINO EMPLOYEES. Ignazio Gardella. Alessandria,1948-1952 150 05 THE PROJECT AS SCRIPT MULTI-PURPOSE COMPLEX IN CORSO ITALIA. Luigi Moretti. Milan,1949-1956 176 06 AN EXQUISITE GHETTO BARBICAN. Peter Chamberlin, Geoffry Powell, Christof Bon, Arup. London, 1956-1976 216 07 CRISTAL LIQUIDE RÉSIDENCE DU POINT DU JOUR. Fernand Pouillon. Paris,1957-1963 278 08 SLOW CITY HILLSIDE TERRACE. Fumihiko Maki. Tokyo, 1967-1998 322 09 BUILDING MOODS BYKER REGENERATION.
  • The Chicago Housing Authority 10

    The Chicago Housing Authority 10

    the ,~ i J. Popkin,Victoria E. Gwiasda,Lynn M. Olson,[_) inis P. Rosenbaum,and LarryBuron FOREWORD BY REBECCA M. BLANK J The Hidden War 1£4/-7~ The Hidden War Crime and the Tragedy of Public Housing in Chicago SUSAN J. POPKIN VICTORIA E. GWIASDA LYNN M. OLSON DENNIS P. ROSENBAUM LARRY BURON .-- IPF~QRERYY ©f~ ~ation~l @iminal Justics Roi~o~c~ 8onii@ (t~¢jR8) Box 6000 Rockville, ~E) 20849o6000 RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS New Brunswick, New Jersey, and London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The hidden war : crime and the tragedy of public housing in Chicago / Susan J. Popkin... let al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8135-2832-1 (cloth : alk. paper) -- ISBN 0-8135-2833-X (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Chicago Housing Authority. 2. Housing authorities--Illinois-- Chicago. 3. Public housing--Illinois--Chicago. I. Popkin, Susan J. HD7288.78.U52 C44 2000 363.5'85'0977311--dc21 99-056789 British Cataloging-in-Publication data for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2000 by Susan J. Popkin All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 100 Joyce Kilmer Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8099. The only exception to this prohibition is "fair use" as defined by U.S. copyright law. Manufactured in the United States of America - Contents LIST OF PHOTOS, FIGURES, AND TABLES VII FOREWORD BY REBECCA M.
  • "Tarred with the Exceptional Image": Public Housing and Popular Discourse, 1950-1990

    "Tarred with the Exceptional Image": Public Housing and Popular Discourse, 1950-1990

    "Tarred with the Exceptional Image": Public Housing and Popular Discourse, 1950-1990 A. Scott Henderson I In 1986, readers of a major news magazine learned about Desire, a New Orleans housing project. Presumably open to all of New Orleans' "poor people," most of Desire's residents—as the text and photographs made clear—were African-Americans. Out of the project's population of 7,800, almost 3,000 were children, some of whom represented a "third generation of poverty " characterized by an "inexorable cycle of crime, welfare dependency and dimmed hopes." Moreover, Desire was a "world without order, cleanliness, privacy or parental supervision," where school drop-outs, teenage fathers, and unwed mothers were common. But if Desire conformed to a grim yet all too familiar image of public housing, its residents' behaviors, which included "violence," drug use, and random sex, were identified as the chief causes.1 While Desire typified the image of public housing presented by the periodi­ cal press in the 1980s, the issues of race and tenant behavior had not always framed depictions of housing projects. Between 1950 and the early 1960s,afairly positive conception of low-income subsidized housing dominated popular cov­ erage, a dialogue that stressed slum clearance and the dearth of affordable housing. By the late 1960s, though, a highly problematic image—based largely on race—had come to dominate the popular press, obscuring alternative represen­ tations that would have more accurately depicted the range and variety of public housing throughout America. Indeed, national datafor 1989 indicated that public housing was neither racially monolithic (one out of every three units was 0026-3079/93/3601-031$! .50/0 31 classified as white), nor occupied primarily by welfare recipients (35 percent reported wages and 45 percent reported social security/pensions as income sources).
  • An Analysis of Historic Preservation Debates in Chicago

    An Analysis of Historic Preservation Debates in Chicago

    Illinois State University ISU ReD: Research and eData Theses and Dissertations 4-14-2014 Modernism on Trial: An Analysis of Historic Preservation Debates in Chicago Stephen M. Mitchell Illinois State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd Part of the Architecture Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Mitchell, Stephen M., "Modernism on Trial: An Analysis of Historic Preservation Debates in Chicago" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 163. https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/163 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ISU ReD: Research and eData. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ISU ReD: Research and eData. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MODERNISM ON TRIAL: AN ANALYSIS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION DEBATES IN CHICAGO Stephen M. Mitchell 119 Pages May 2014 This thesis explores preservation issues regarding modernist architecture in Chicago. As urban and public history research, the project examines the new questions brought to the forefront by recent controversies over the preservation of modernist architecture. Modernism, and an “all concrete” variant known as “Brutalism,” popular in the mid-twentieth century, aimed to remove ornament and historical references common in neoclassical, neo-Gothic, Beaux Arts, and Art Deco architecture and replace them with minimal, clean, glass-and-steel buildings. Modernists who, on principle, did not believe in preservation of past forms are now in the unlikely position of making such an argument for their own buildings. Never widely embraced in the first place, Brutalism’s concrete façades seemed less and less to reflect aesthetic tastes as architects turned back toward historicist styles by the 1980s.