E-291 VOL. 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT/2000 FOR Public Disclosure Authorized YANGTZEDYKE STRENGTHENING PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

MARCH2000 Public Disclosure Authorized

ResearchInstitute for YangtzeWater Resources Protection With assistancefrom: HunanWater Conservancy& Hydropower Survey & DesignInstitute HubeiWater Conservancy & Hydropower Survey & DesignInstitute YBFCP/EIAFINAL REPORT CHAPTER2: PROJECTDESCRIPTION CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS: TEXT

2.1 Project Background 2.1.1Yangtze River and Flooding 2.1.2 MasterPlan for YangtzeBasin Development 2.1.3 Need for YBFCP 2.2 Project Components 2.2.1 Dyke Rehabilitation 2.2.2 Resettlement 2.3 Environmental Protection Measures 2.4 Construction Program 2.4.1 Construction Layouts 2.4.2 Construction Methods for Main Items 2.4.3 Construction Schedule 2.4.4 Summary of Construction Program 2.5 Comparison of Altematives 2.5.1 Non-project Alternative 2.5.2 Other AlternativesConsidered 2-.6Economic Analysis of Project 2.6.1 Introduction 2.6.2 Project Budget 2.6.3 Benefit-Cost Analysis 2.7 Project Management 2.7.1 Introduction 2.7.2 Establishment of Institutions 2.7.3 Project Management 2.7.4 TechnicalManagement 2.7.5 Financial Management 2.8 Summary and Conclusions

FIGURES Figure 2.2-1 Project Area Figure 2.2-2 Sub-project in Figure 2.2-3 Sub-project in Figure 2.2-4 Typical Resettlement Area in Hunan Figure 2.4-1 Sketch-map of Typical Dyke Section Figure 2.7-1 Sketch-map of Project Management System

TABLES Table 2. 1-1 Condition of Dykes Involved in Project Table2.2-1 Project Componentsand ProtectedArea Table 2.2-2 Summaries of the Main Quantities of Work of Project Table 2.2-3 Sunmmaryof Property Losses Result from Relocation 2-i YBFCP/EIAFINAL REPORT CHAPTER2: PROJECTDESCRIPTION Table 2.4-1 ConstructionSchedule Table 2.6-1 Summary of Economic Analysisof Project Table 2.8-1 Sunmmariesof Project Characteristics

ANNEX A REFERENCES Reference reports and documents 101 "Report on Key Points of ComprehensiveUtilization Planning for the YangtzeBasin", CWRC, December, 1988 103 "Recommendationon Main Dyke Rehabilitation in Hubei", Hubei Instituie for Survey and Design of WaterConservancy and Electric Power Project, May, 1999 104 "Recommendation on Yangtze Main Dyke Rehabilitation in Hunan", Hunan Institute for survey and design of water conservancyand electric power project, March, 1999 105 "Implementation Program of Yangtze Main Dyke Rehabilitation Project of Hubei Province in Application for Loan from the World Bank (draft)", Hunan Institute for Survey and Design of WaterConservancy and Electric Power Project, June, 1999 106 "Study Report on Feasibility of Rehabilitationof the Yangtze Main Dyke in Hunan" and its attachment, Hubei Institute for Survey and Design of Water Conservancy and Electric Power Project, May, 1999. 107 "Study Report on Feasibility of Rehabilitationof the Yangtze's Main Dyke in " and Its Attachment, "Drawings Book", Jiangxi Institute for Planning and Design of WaterResource Project, May, 1999 111 "Study Report on Feasibility of Rehabilitationof the Yangtze's Jingnan Main Dyke in Hubei", ChangjiangAcademy, CWRC, December, 1998 123 "Implementation Program for Resettlement of the Yangtze River Dyke Rehabilitation Sub-project in Hunan", Hunan Institute for Survey and Design of Water Conservancyand Electric Power Project, June, 1999 130 "Implementation Program of Yangtze Main Dyke Rehabilitation Project of Hubei Province in Application for Loan from the World Bank", Hunan Institute for Survey and Design of Water Conservancyand ElectricPower Project, March, 2000 131 "Resettlement Action Plan of Yangtze Main Dyke Rehabilitation Project of Hubei Province in Application for Loan from the World Bank", Hunan Institute for Survey and Design of Water Conservancyand ElectricPower Project, March, 2000 132 "Findings of benefit-cost analysis of project", Mr.Colin Green, the World Bank economic expert, March, 2000 412 "Cost Composition and Calculation Standard for Budget Estimation of Water Resources and Hydropower Development", Ministry of Water Resources of P.R.C., January, 1998 4 13 "Ration for Costs Per working Day of MachinesUsed in Constructionof Water Resources and Hydroelectric Power Project", Ministry of Energy & Ministry of Water Resourcesof P.R.C., 1991

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2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project Background

The Yangtze River, 6,300 km in length, with its basin covering 1.80 million km2 of acreage, is the biggest river in . It annually discharges 960 billion m3 of water into the East sea. The Yangtze basin covers the East, Central and Southwest China, with a favorable climate and rich resources. With gross output value of industry and agriculture accountingfor about 40% of the Nation's total, the basin is one of the most economicallydeveloped and most importantregions of China.

Flooding is frequent in the Yangtze river basin. Flood disasters are usually widely distributed in the basin. Especially,the 126,000 km2 of plains area in the middle and lower basins frequentlysuffer from serious flood and waterlog damages as the ground elevations there are commonly several to more than 10 meters lower than the flood water levels. These flood disasters occur with the frequencyof once in every ten years. These historical deluges have caused huge losses to people's property and lives, serious damages to the local ecology and environment, which seriously restricts the development of economy. For this reason, flood control has always been the first task for the basin improvementand development.

The characteristics of the Yangtze flooding phenomena are rather complicated. The maximum flood peak discharge is not only related to the scope, intensity, moving direction of the rainstorm, but also the timing and distribution of local floods in various parts of the river systems.The regionalcomposition of floods is quite different in different years because of the variation of rainstorm distribution.There are mainly two types of floods that usually cause damages in the basin. Flood of the first type occurred in 1860, 1870 and 1935. These are caused by extra-high rainstorms in some reaches of the mainstream and some tributaries. This type of flood is usually huge in discharge and high in peak level. The second, such as occurred in 1931, 1954 and 1998, is caused by basin-wide rainstorm where floods in the tributaries are similar to that of the mainstream.

In order to solve the flood problem in the Yangtze middle and lower reaches, Changjiang (Yangtze) Water Resources Commission (CWRC) of the Ministry of Water Resources of PRC compiled a report, "Summary Report on Comprehensive Utilization Planning for the Yangtze Basin" [Ref.102], in 1990, which was subsequentlyapproved by the State Council. The Report points out that flood control in the middle-and-lower reaches of the Yangtze should follow the principles of considering flood release and storage at the same time. Releasing ranks first because this is beneficial to flood control both in the rivers and the lakes, both the banks, and both the upstream and the downstream. These measures include: properly raising and rehabilitating the bodies of the dykes; hamessing the river channel; planning and constructing diversion areas; and constructing reservoirs on the Yangtze mainstream and its tributaries. In addition, the provinces along the Yangtze, mainly Hunan and Jiangxi, have been carrying a special program for enlargingthe diversion capabilities of the "flood storage lakes", such as and Poyang Lake, and for

2-1 YBFCP/EIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION alleviating flooding damages to some 900,000 "Embankment People", i.e., those people living and farming in area in the Lakes and outside the dykes (between dykes and embankments), which are subject to serious flooding. This program includes provisions for permanent resettlement of some of these peoples and for other temporary resettlement at time of flooding with provision for them to continue farming in the flood-hazard areas at times of no-flooding. After these measures are taken, flood control for the middle and lower reaches can be properly solved, with the Yangtze reservoir playing the role of the backbone, adding the reservoirs, diversion works, river channel improvement and non-engineering flood control measures. In the overall system, dyke construction is one of the most important measures to tackle the flood problem in the Yangtze middle and lower reaches.

As shown in Figure 2.1-1, Hubei, and Hunan provinces are located in the Yangtze middle and lower basin. The Yangtze main-stem dykes in the two provinces have existed for thousands of years. For example, the Jingnan main dyke of the sub-project of Hubei was originally constructed about 300 AD. However, these provisions for flood prevention has not been very adequate, although raising and rehabilitation of levees have been implemented several times. Although flood emergency measures were implementedduring the 1998 deluge, heavy costs have also been paid. The 1988 deluge revealed that there are many obvious and hidden defects in the bodies and bases of dykes, which need urgent treatment. Justafter the 1998deluge, a seriesof policieswere timely put forwardin StateCouncil for needs for floodcontrol improvements learned from the deluge,among which is thisproject. In orderto implementthe policy,the State Commissionof Planninghas put this projectinto its executive plan,including an applicationto the WorldBank for a loanto supportconstruction of the project. the Government and WB have agreed to reduce the scope of Bank financing. The main changes in Bank financingare as follows: a. Jiangxi province is no longer included; b. Project underwater components,such as cut-off wall, bank protection works, are no longer included because responsibility for these works has been shifted from provincial governmentto the CWRC (ChangjiangWater ResourcesCommission); c. More dyke sections in have been included and some dyke sections in other areas in Hubei province are no longer included,and d. As a result of above changes, World Bank financing participation is reduced from US$300 million to US$ 235 million.

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2.2 Project Components 2.2.1 Dyke Rehabilitation

This project area is located in the hinterland of China, involving Hubei, and Hunan provinces as shown in Figure 2.1-1. Totally 30 cities (or counties, townships, embankment areas) are involved. In Hubei sub-area, the involved and project- protected areas include 22 counties (or cities, townships) under the jurisdiction of Wuhan, , ,,and cities respectively. In Hunan sub- area, the areas include 8 counties (or cities, districts, embankment areas) under the jurisdiction of Huarong, Junshan, Qianlianghu, Yunxi, Linxiang, City, YueyangCounty, Huanggaihu, respectively. See Table2.2-1.

Accordingto the proposal report and the feasibility reports for the Project, the Project is composed of 5 separate dyke sections on the both banks. The main construction items of the project componentsare briefly describedin Sections 2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2 .

2.2.1.1 Sub-projectin Hubei (See Figure 2.2-2)

This sub-projectis composedof following main-stemdyke sections: Jingnan, Wuhan, , and Ezhou Bapu. Among these dykes, Jingnan, Wuhan (Wuchang Section), and Bapu are on the south bank, while the rests are on the north bank. This sub-project will involve rehabilitation of 24 segments. The main construction items include bank raising and strengthening, dyke body grouting by prick exploration, seepage interception by concrete wall, filling-up the platforms inside and outside, filling-up ponds to rehabilitate the dyke basis, revetrnent, rehabilitation and reformation of culverts in the dyke body, dyke-top-roadpavement, planting for bank slop protection.

The dykes to be improved are approximately280km in length and 49 culverts and pump stations will be reconstructed or strengthened.The work quantities are: earth 55.82 million mi3 ; concrete of 503thousandmi 3 ; steel bar and rolled steel of 3092 t.

2.2.1.2 Sub-projectin Hunan (See Figure 2.2-3)

This sub-project involves the dykes of 8 embankment areas of Yueyang City. The main construction items include: bank raising and widening; dyke body grouting by splitting and prick exploration;dyke basis treatment, filling-uppond to consolidatethe dyke basis, maintaining and prolongingof buildings in the dyke body, construction of dyke managementfacilities, equipmentand resettlement.

The dyke to be rehabilitated is 136 km in length. 1.4 km flood prevention wall and 4.21 km earth dyke will be newly constructed.Some 65 structures (culverts) through the dyke will be rehabilitated or strengthened.62 sinks and nets will be built for snail control (nets will be placed at the outlets of diversion culverts or gates to collect snails; sinks will be built under the nets to make escaped snails settle). The work quantities are: earth 20.14 million m3; building rock 367 thousand m3; concrete and steel bar reinforcedconcrete 172 thousand m3 ; steel bar and rolled steel 2,353 t.

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2.2.2 Resettlement

It is proposed to resettle a total of estimated 36,256 people; 1,770,770 m2 houses need to be relocated;31404 mu land occupied, of which 16050mu are farmland. In Hunan province this involves 52 villages, with a total of approximately4,460 families and 19,200 resettlers. Majority of the people to be resettled are rural and earn their livelihoodsfrom farm/agriculturalincomes.

The Resettlement program of the project has been prepared to take into account all socio-economic and environmental impacts to both the resettled population and the host communities.Detailed compensationprovisions have been worked out for land acquisition, loss of income form change of livelihood, loss of income during transition, budget provision for resettling people in both agricultural and non- agriculturalmodes of production as well as encouragingnew livelihoods in secondary and tertiary industries. Provisions have been made for providing the resettlers with farm subsidies,tax incentivesand other financial and support measures that will allow both the resettlersand the host populationto reap benefits from the program. Ii Hunan province, for instance, on completion of resettlement period (2001), there will be an estimated increase of 53% in total net income from land resources and 57% from other secondaryand tertiary industries.

The resettlement villages will be equipped with adequate housing types and spaces), yard, amenities including water supply, excreta and solid waste management, drainage,power supply,telecommunications, schools and clinics. All resettlementwill be carrned out according to the national policies, laws and regulations with cooperationfrom local authorities. In brief the following measures are to be taken.

(a) Compensationwill be made in advance to the people to ensure smooth progress of the resettlementprogram, so the resettlers will be able to adapt as soon as possible to regain their former condition of production and living, and Resettlement villages/townships can be constructed and completed according to the construction schedule.

(b) The Local Governments will cooperate for processing programs to assist the resettlers with tax privileges, loans and credit.

(c) Resettlement of non-rural people: For resettlement of the non-rural people, the local governments will designate land in the same cities or towns for them to build their new houses. The original facilities for water and electricity supplies and communication will be relocated to the new residential areas by the local relevant departments. Some new facilities will be built. Conveniencesfor medical care system and schools will also be provided. Livelihood will be re-arranged for those whose income sources of life are affected and some economic compensation be made to them, so they will not lose financially because of their resettlement, including loss of income during the transition period.

(d) Resettlement of rural people: The project will occupy rural land including farmland, vegetable land, and forestland, fishing ponds and residential land. For people whose houses need to be relocated, new housing areas will be delineated for them in locations as close as possible to their original areas. For people whose

2-4 YBFCP/EIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION production lands are occupied, land allocation will be made in their village to provide them with proper areas of production land, and economic compensationwill be made for them. Economic compensation, privilege credit and technical training will be provided for the resettlers so that they can pursue other production activities, such as tertiary industry or other agriculturaland sideline occupation when land resources are limited.

(e) Compensation and budget allocation has also been made for rehabilitating the socially and economicallyweaker sections of the resettledpopulation.

Figure 2.2-4shows typical resettlement areas in Hunan Province. Table 2.2-3 gives summary of substance losses incurred from relocation. 2.3 Environmental Protection Measures

Aiming at flood control, this project itself is an environmentalprotection project. It will markedly improve economics and quality of life in the protected area by greatly reducing flooding episodes.Besides the direct environmentalbenefits, the project will also gain the followingadditional environmentalprotection benefits:

(a) Water and soil conservation: Forest and turf planting have been included in the project plan. Once the engineering work is finished, planting will begin. More than 500,000 m2 of wave-break forest and 13,300,000m 2 of turf will be planted. The total costs are more than 2million and 45 million yuan, respectively. This will not only benefit dyke protection, but also beautifythe landscapeand conserve water and soil.

(b) Control of snails and schistosomiasis:Killing snail is an effective measure for schistosomiasis control as the snail is the necessary interim host of schistosomiasis. Snail control has been included in the construction program. For example, the sub- project in Hunan has planned to set up sinks and nets at 62 sites for snail control.

(c) Improvingthe production and living conditionsof the resettles: Dyke rehabilitation needs to relocate some local residents. A special resettlement program has been made to deal with the resettlement. Refer to literature reference [Ref.123, 124, 125] for details. According to resettlement program, some 30000 people are to be properly resettled.

See Chapter 4 for details of other environmentalprotection measures.

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2.4 ConstructionProgram

2.4.1 ConstructionLayouts

Constructionof the Project will be characterizedby the following points: construction can only be carried out in dry season before the flood period; there are many constructionitems which are scattered in areas along the dykes, and a wide region will be involved. The constructionlayouts will be made accordingto the local conditions and the principles of beneficial to production, convenient for living, easy for management,safe and reliable, economic and reasonable"[Ref. 107]. The construction sites will include a main work construction area, construction material exploitation area, and managementcenter. The construction accesses will include waterways and highways. Waterways in the Yangtze River, Dongting Lake and many types of docks along them can be used. Existing highways, village highways and rural tractor roads can be used for land transportation. Some temporary roads will also be built to connect the construction material groundsand other highways,roads and main constructionarea.

Sand and rock processing systems will be located near the construction material grounds. Electric power supplywill be obtained from nearby power networks. Water supply for production will come from the Yangtze, lakes and ponds; while drinking water will be drawn from treated tap water, or groundwater will be used following treatment.

Total quantity of excavation is about 4.16 million m3, and that of filling is 44.17 million m3, thus a great quantity of fillings is needed for dyke body and dyke basis raising and strengthening. Needed rock materials will be purchased from special quarries. Earth materials mainly come from constructionexcavation sites on the dykes and from selected borrow grounds on the river beaches or on hills of the dyke- protected areas. Farmlandshave been avoided as borrow grounds as much as possible. Constructionspoils have been planned to be used as filling materials for rehabilitating the dykes and filling the borrow pits. For few borrow pits without enough filling materials to fill, they are to be reformed into fishing ponds at the request or agreement of farmers. In a word, there is no constructionspoil needing special treatment for this project.

Figure 2.4-1 shows a typical dyke cross-section and explains typical dyke stability problems.

2.4.2 ConstructionMethods for Main Items

(a) Dyke raising

This item will include base clearing, slope cutting, filling, concrete grouting, rock scattering,and planting turf and wave-breakforest.

Base clearing and slope cutting will be carried out by artificial methods. But auto- machines such as excavator and self-unloadtruck will be used to replace of manpower where the construction is intensive. Construction spoils will be transported by

2-6 YBFCP/EIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION manpowerto dyke filling sites.

Filling and construction will be carried out jointly by bulldozer, excavator, self- unloading automobile and compactors.

Mixers will be used for concrete and reinforced concrete production; man-driven rubber-wheel carts used for transporting the concrete into the bar; shaking machines used for compacting. Aggregatewill be produced in the rock exploitation grounds and sand produced in sand exploitationgrounds.

Rock laying construction includes masonry and dry-laid rock construction. The rock materials will be purchasedfrom nearby exploitationgrounds.

The original need-to-be-removedmasonry will be directly cleared with excavator and transported to filling sites with self-unloadingtrucks. Turf pavement and wave-break forest plantation will be planted artificially. Turf will be dug out nearby and plant seeds will be purchased. Self-unloadingautomobiles are to be used for transportation.

(b) Treatmentof the hidden defects in dyke body

Grouting for the dyke body: Mainly hole grouting will be adopted. The holes will be arranged according to design, and the diameter of each hole will be plainly marked. After grouting, each hole will be filled with mud and compacted.

Grouting for the dyke basis: Triple-tube spray method will generally be applied. Before construction,tests should be made in lab and on the spot. Ratio of all materials is to be tested in lab, and technicalparameters of constructionare to be determined in the on-the-spottests. Fixed drillers will be used for drillingthe holes.

Seepage interception wall: Cement-soil seepage interception wall and flexible- concrete seepage interceptionwall will be used in the Project construction.The former will be mainly used for dykes of rural areas, for example, the Jingnan Dyke [Ref.1 11]; while the latter for urban dykes such as the JiujiangDyke [Ref.107].

(c) Revetment

Revetment aims at rehabilitating the banks where there exists serious erosion due to river flow scouring. Measures include scattering rocks, slope paring, rock-laying and aggregate paving for basis. For scattering rocks, underwater laying method will be adopted, i.e. rock will be transported by trucks from exploitation ground to the site, then orientation boats are used for locating, after that, open-body boats will be used for direct laying, or deck boat, or man-power is used for laying. Paring slopel: Slope paring will be done by men-power or by reverse excavators. The paved materials will be transported with self-unloadingtrucks to spoil grounds or to the inner platform for filling.

' Pare a cetain layerof earthaway from the original dyke slope to meet requirementof the newly designed dyke slope. 2-7 YBFCPIEIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Rock-casting Rock-casting construction includes loose stone and masonry laying. Rock mainly comes from the nearby exploitation ground. Before laying, the bases must be treated with gravel.

Crossing-dyke structures: Construction for crossing-dyke structures will involve removing wasted old and risky gates, prolonging and rehabilitating existing culverts and gates, as well as building some new culverts and gates. Construction activities will include earthwork excavation, deep-layermixing piles of the gate base, concrete removal, masonry removal, concrete placement, paving of loose stone and earth refilling.

(d) Constructionof dyke-top roads

After the dyke body is raised to design elevation, sand and aggregate will be paved and compacted with rollers, then concrete is placed for the road surface, after that, the road shoulders are paved to the concrete surface level. See Figure 2.4-1.

(e) Illustration

Seepage interceptionwalls in (b) and scattered rocks in (c) are to be built accordingto former layout, but they will be implementedwith domestic fund not with WB fund.

2.4.3 ConstructionSchedule

According to the project proposal reports of the three provinces, the overall construction period lasts for 3 years, in which, 3 years (1998.10-2001.6) for Hunan sub-project and 3 years (2000.8-2003.6)for Hubei sub-project. For Hubei, Jingnan dyke, Huanggangdyke and Wuhan dikes need 3 years to be completedand Bapu Dyke needs 2 years.

Most of the project constructionitems can be carried out only from October to March except for a few items due to flood influence. Therefore, the construction of the Project reflects seasonal characteristics.

Scheduling for each dyke should be made in consideration of its importance and degree of risk. Key dykes and dykes of highest risks will be given priority attention.

2.4.4 Summary of ConstructionProgram

Construction of the project is characterized with seasonal performance, extensive involvement, and high degree of mechanization. The construction will be laid out accordingto the following principles:keeping in coincidencewith the local condition, being beneficial to construction, convenient to living of the constructor, easy management, safe and reliable, economical and reasonable [Ref.107]. Construction methods to be adopted are the commonly used ones in China for rehabilitation of dyke. The overall schedule is shown as Table2.4-1.

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2.5 Comparison of Alternatives

In the feasibility study stage, several alternativeshave been studied. Their main points are discussed below:

2.5.1 Non-project Alternative

Because the dykes have existed for a lonigtime, although maintenance of the dykes has been carried out quite often, they still fail to reach the design standards [Ref.103, 104, 106, 107, 111,130].Main problems of these dykes are as follows:

(a) Because the dykes were built many years ago, the soil texture is complicated, and the dyke body is often not of good quality. There exist conumonleaking phenomena. As the dykes are thin and low, sub-dykes often need to be built temporarily in a hurry when deluge comes, which usually consumes a large quantity of man-power and materials, and seriously affects the industrial and agriculturalproduction in the areas. In addition, damage by termites, by making their homes in the dyke-body, is Very serious in many dyke sections and is often the main cause for bank-burstrisk.

(b) Geological condition of the dyke basis is rather poor, being usually of dual structure. The upper layer is usually thin and impermeable, while the lower layer is thick and highly permeable with the composition of silt sand and cobblestone. Besides, there are a lot of ponds that usually have close contact with the outside river. For these reasons, piping can often be seen during flood season.

(c) River channels of some local sections, such as the Jingjiangsection of the Jingnan dyke, are not stable. When deluge comes, flood flow usually erodes the bank and causes serious collapse. As a result, the beaches become narrower and narrower, and even disappear, which hides many dangers and seriously threaten the safety of the dykes.

(d) There are many culverts of various sizes and gates in the dykes, most of which were built from 1950s to 1970s. Metal structures of many culverts and gates become eroded, the open and close facilities are aged. Besides,the bodies of gates are caved in to different degrees, and there exist many hidden defects such as decline, cracking, and culvert pipes not properlyjoined because of contractionand expansion. The above-mentioned problems show that if the dykes are kept in the present condition, they will not be able to defend against the 1954 or 1998-typefloods. When the floods occur again, much higher cost will have to be paid. In the light of 1998 price levels, the annual loss incurred by flood is estimated to be higher than 100 billion yuan with this project not implemented.

It is concluded,therefore, that rehabilitation of the dykes is urgently necessary in order to protect the local people's lives and properties, and improve the regional ecology and environment. The dykes are of primary importance in the overall flood control program as noted in Table 2.1-1.

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2.5.2 Other AlternativesConsidered

(a) Diversion and Storage Project

The Yangtze flood is usually high in flood peak level, huge in volume, but the river channels in middle and lower reaches are limited in discharge capacity. Diverting and storing the extra floodwater is an effective measure to protect important areas. However, it is difficult for diversion and storage projects to solve the flood problem in the middle and lower basin alone. The planned diversion and storage projects, with a total storage capacity of 50 billion m3 [Ref£101],depend on dykes and the upper basin reservoirs to play their roles, or they cannot be used to hold the extra flood water of the 1954-type. In addition,most of the diversion and storageprojects constructed after 1954 have never been used for diversion, and industrial and agricultural production have been developed in the project areas. Moreover, the population has increased rapidly; the huge population will be difficult to be transferred and economic loss will be great once these projects are put into use.

(b) Raising the dykes higher than the design standards

Dykes are the basic facilities for flood control in the Yangtzemiddle and lower basins. Raising the dykes by standards higher than the design standards means further increase of the designed dyke-top elevationto a height that can prevent the 1954-type flood. However, this would bring forth a series of problems. This is because the maximum flood peak level will be 2-3 m higher than the actual level under conditions of non-diversionand non-bank bursting.If the dykes are to be raised by 2-3 meters, it is preliminarily estimated that 7.6 billion m3 of earth will be needed, more than 1.60 million mu farmland will be occupied, and about 1 million people will be resettled. Besides, hundreds of thousands of culverts pump stations and bridges need to be reconstructed. Obviously,this would be very difficult to implement. Furthermore, as the geological conditions of the dyke bases are not good, the dykes are easy to burst under the condition of high water level, which will incur with very high flood flows. For these reasons, the dykes cannot be further increasedin height.

(c) Non-physicalflood control measures

Non-physical flood control measures are the important components of flood control system. These measures mainly include: Establishing flood pre-warning system; improving the command system for flood prevention; planting water conservation forest; setting up public insurance system for flood risk; and training associated staff for flood control. However, it should be pointed out that these non-physical flood control measures alone would be ineffective.

From the above analysis, the following can be concluded: Scheme (a) is ivory- towered; Scheme (b) is excessivelycostly in needs for man-power and materials with return of even greater risk, therefore, it is not reasonable.The two schemes cannot be individuallyapplied or should not be replaced by each other. To sum up, the proposed project is the only feasible alternative.

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2.6 Project Economic Analysis

2.6.1 Introduction

Economic analysis of the Project is based on information from literature references [Ref.104, 106]. The national economic assessment for each sub-project is mainly based on provisions stipulated in "Norm for Economic Assessment of Water Resources Project (SL72-94)" [Ref. 407], present financial and tax systems, and associated policies of China. Shadow prices are applied for calculating costs and benefits of project. The basis and method used for the economic assessment are in accordance with China's associatedprovisions. But in benefit-costanalysis of project carried out by Mr. Colin Green, the World Bank's economic expert, the role of TGP in flood control, employment of diversion works and effect of dyke rehabilitation have been taken into consideration,which makes the achievement more reasonable (Ref. 129). Therefore,Mr. Colin Green's achievementis referred to in Section 2.6.3.

2.6.2 Project Budget

The project budget is estimated on the bases of the designed quantity of work and the construction scheme. Reference has also been made to "Water-Construction[1998]/ No.15, Cost Composition and Calculation Standard for Budget Estimation of Water Resources and Hydropower Development" issued by MWR [Ref. 412], "Ration for Costs Per working Day of Machines Used in Construction of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Power Project" [Ref.413], and associated documents of the three provinces. The price level at end of 1998 is adopted, and the exchange rate of U.S. dollar to RMB(Y) is 1:8.3. The total investment of the project is estimatedto be about 4 billion yuan (inner capital 2 billion yuan, plus foreign capital 235 million U.S. dollars).

2.6.3 Benefit-Cost Analysis The benefit-cost analysis was complex with a number of benefit streams to be considered and a number of conditions to be considered. The following benefit streams were considered: (i) Reductions in flood losses arising as a result (a) of the dike raising and (b) reductions in the probabilityof the dike breachingas a result of dike strengthening; (ii) Reductions in flood fightingcosts; (iii) Reductions, in some instances, in the costs resulting from the use of the detention basins (i.e. the costs of evacuatingthe population as well as the resulting flood losses to activitieswithin the detentionbasins); and (iv) Reductionsin 0 & M costs. In addition, the project will be completed before the Three Gorges Project becomes operational. Therefore, two baseline conditions had to be considered: with and without TGP, and the project benefits against those two baseline conditions had to be integrated. Flood losses: China has perhaps the best information on past flood losses of any country in the world; the national code requires that sample surveys be undertaken after any flood to determine the losses experienced by different types of land use. Therefore,the existing loss data were used in the analysis. Loss probability curves: However, very limited data was available as to flood extents

2-11 YBFCP/EIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION and depths as a function of the return period of the event. Therefore, growth curves for the magnitude of the flood loss as a function of the return period of the event had to be synthesized based on some limited data. Sensitivity analysis was then used to test the effect of changing the form of this curve.

Summary results: The estimates of project's benefits in each of the two provinces are given in Table 2.6-1. These results were prepared using conservative assumptions, notably concerning the timing and extent of the effects of the Three Gorges Project. Where TGP has an influence on the flood losses then the effect is a dramatic reduction in project benefits. The differences in results between the three provinces are principally a consequence of differences in the predicted affect of TGP at different points downstream. A second contributory factor is the differences in the different benefit streams it was possible to evaluate in each of the three provinces. The above results should not be used to compare the project/s impact on the three Provinces for this reason.

Sensitivity analyses, undertaken by varying the key parameters that affect the magnitude of the benefits, demonstrated that the b/c ratio is much greater than one in each province.

2-12 YBFCP/EIA DRAFI FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.7 Project Management

2.7.1 Introduction

The Project involves a large area and the constructionarea is in the shape of long belts along the Yangtze River [Ref.104, 106, 107], therefore, project management is very important. Institutions for project managementwill be established and staffed to be responsible for project managementand operation.

2.7.2 Establishment of Institutions

Because this project involves use of foreign capital, the administrativerequirements of the foreign agencies for such loans will need to be accommodated.A lead group and a project management office are to be set up in each of the three provinces for management of its component of the project. A coordinator will be responsible for coordinationof project managementand environmentalmanagement among the three provinces. A lead group and a project managementoffice will also correspondinglybe set up at each level of prefecture and county. The lead group is composed of the principals of government, commissionof planning, departments of water resources, finance and environmental protection of the corresponding levels. The project management office comprises engineers, economists, accountants, lawyers and environmentalistswith adequate experience. The office will include an integration group, an engineeringgroup, a financial group and a consultantgroup, responsible for organization of implementation,coordination, money raising and spending, inviting public biding and purchasing materials, and an EMO for implementing all EPMs specified in the EIA. Institutionsof lower levels have the responsibilityfor reporting their work to upper levels. Water resources departments of the associated provinces, cities and counties are responsible for designing, supervising,checking and accepting the project items; financial departments in charge of financial evaluation, giving out and returning the money as the intermediators.All the project managementinstitutions will follow the guidance of the International Expert Panels that are composed of domestic and overseas experts. Figure 2.7-1 shows the framework of the project managementsystem.

2.7.3 Project Management

Managementof this project will followthe system that the owner is responsible for all aspects of the project. In addition, systems, such as construction supervision, environmentalmonitoring, inviting public biding for purchase, contracting, will also be set up. Each project managementinstitution is responsible for the construction and operation of the project items in its territory. This includes the EMO responsible for environmental protection. Computers will be used for management of all the informationof the project.

2.7.4 Technical Management (a) Technical management: In order to enhance their performance, the project management personnel, technical personnel, and environmental protection personnel will be trained accordingto a plan. These personnel include women.

2-13 YBFCP/EIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

(b) Technical consulting: The government, together with the World Bank, will establish International Expert Panels, comprising Chinese and outside experts, which will meet periodically (say every 6 months) to review Project performance to ensure compliance with the Loan Agreements. For environmental purposes, these Panels include an International Expert Panel on Environment and an International Expert Panel on Resettlement. The panels will assist the Project Management Office in carrying out the various tasks as shown in Figure 2.7-1. The number of Panels to be set up, in addition to the Panels for Enviromnent and RS, will be decided by the Government together with the Bank. The Panels will be administered by the Government on behalf of the Government and Bank, but the Panels will report to both the Government and the Bank.

2.7.5 Financial Management

Local corresponding departments of finance and the financial group of each office will be responsible for money raising, yearly plan making, money giving out and getting back, financial balancing, setting up and completing account books. Financial auditing and supervision will be carried out for each item of the project. All the required funds of the project construction and environmental protection must be properly managed.

2-14 YBFCP/EIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.8 Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 2 presents a brief descriptionof the overall Project, including its sub-projects in the two provinces involved in the project area, as shown in Figure 2.2-1. More detailed drawings are prepared for each of the two sub-projects. Project Components

The overall YBFCP Project is actually an environmentalprotection project which includes (i) the civil works for rehabilitation of the dykes; (ii) the Project jE resettlement program; (iii) environmentalprotection components, and (iv) the non- physical project components including institutional systems for flood hazard warning and for actual flooding assistanceoperations.

Civil Works

The total length of the dikes to be rehabilitated is about 416km (Hubei: 280km, Hunan: 136 km). The civil works of the project mainly include dike raising and widening, dyke body grouting, dyke foundation treatment, near dike pond filling to consolidate the dyke basis, and strengtheningand prolonging cross-dike structures. The sub-projects in two provinces are all designed in consistence with the Yangtze Basin Flood Control Master Plan prepared by the Changjiang Water Resources Commission.

EnvironmentalProtection Components

The environmental protection components which have been incorporated into the Project include the following: (a) Forest and grass planting: Some 500,000 m2 of wave-break forest and 13,300,000 m2of erosion prevention grass will be planted on the dike slopes with a total cost of about 47 million yuan; (b) Borrow area resurfacingafter borrow activities completed;and (c) Schistosomiasis control measures including borrow pits filling, snail sinks, and snail nets;

In addition, environmental protection measures included in the contracts of civil works contractors are i) water, air, noise, and solid waste pollution control, ii) protection of worker's health, iii) prevention of soil erosion, iv) protection of aquatic ecology and migration birds, v) protection of cultural relics, and vi) control of land use.

Project Alternatives

The possible alternativesconsidered for the project mainly include: (a) Non-project (doing nothing ) alternative;(b) Flood diversion and storage project to enlarge flood diversion areas and increase flood storage capacities, and (c) High dyke alternative;

2-15 YBFCP/EIA DRAFT FINAL CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Non-project Alternative Detailed analysis showed that many reaches of the present dikes with a history of hundreds years, now have many defects, weak and dangerous sections, poor and perneable foundations, and aged cross-dike structures. If the dykes are kept in the present conditions (doing-nothing alternative), dike failures could occur in many places resulting serious flood disasters with thousands even hundreds of thousands people killed and over 100 billion yuan economic loss if 1954 or 1998 type floods occurred.

Increasing Diversion and Storage Capacities

The proposed diversion and storage projects, with a total storage capacity of 50 billion mi3, depend on present dykes and the upper basin reservoirsto play their roles, or they cannot be used to hold the extra flood water of the 1954-type.In addition, most of the diversion and storage projects constructed after 1954 have never been used for diversion, and industries and agriculture have been rapidly developed in the planned detention and storage areas. Moreover, the population in the area has increased rapidly; the huge population will be difficult to be transferred and economic loss will be great once these projects are put into use. Therefore, the alternative (b) is not practicable.

High Dike Alternative Analysis shows that the maximum flood peak level would be 2-3 m higher than the actual water level of the floods of 1954 or 1998. If the dykes are to be raised by 2-3 meters, it is estimated that 7.6 billion m3 of earth will be needed, more than 1.60 million mu farmland will be occupied, and about 1.0 million people need to be resettled. Besides, hundreds of thousands of culverts, pump stations, and bridges need to be reconstructed. Furtherrnore, as the geological conditions of the dyke bases are not good, the dykes are easy to burst under the condition of high water level, which will cause much great disasters. Therefore, alternative (c) is too costly to be implementedwith even greater dyke failure risks.

It is concluded that the present project, as a key component of the overall Yangtze Flood Control Master Plan, is absolutelynecessary and is the only feasible alternative. Chapter 2 also includes brief review of (i) the Project's construction program; (ii) Project econornic analysis, including costs and benefits, and (iii) the Project's institutional system for managingproject planning and implementation.

Table 2.4-1 summarizesthe constructionschedule for the project.

Table 2.8-1 is a summary of the salient- characteristicsof the overall Project.

2-16 figure 2.2-1 1 4 * t -tt I W- J Dike Sections Involving World Bank Financing in Project

'0 0000., 0 1 020 304050 60 70h' . --

N

J ~~ ~ ~ ~ \. ~ ~ ~ ~ a. .. ~~~~~~~o,~~~~~. Jun xl Pi-ovin~~~~~~AnulPrvi

i ~~~flhII~~~~~1~~TOVIflCC*. - ~~~~~~~~~~~N ~~~~/A 0 3 N ~~~~~

0 Source:/ ETATeam 1)) '~~~~~~V> - " "'' '' Hubd" oinceb6~~ O Figure 2.2-2 , it : A R 1A; ;t ml Location Map of Dike Se lions in Hubei Province

10000m0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70km

JI F--1--, J t a wu J

UnProvince~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~nV-Ij Wfi /T<:^ut= ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"jw.He g*,R D, = f -,( N Figure 2.2-3 -,M r fX^ T; Location Map of Dike Section in Hunan Provincc

| Jj¢ i*Lt4 3 t g <,1 Legitnd Hubei Province

// /d\ /Ft(

SamhouliaA~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CllRI/1E,sl = y ' irerntk ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ __ _ ~ / _ ~~ ~~ .__.___.~ .. ~ ~__ ~ ~ __ ~ __~ ~~~l,IteblWiri__-- mc 'J-~~~~~~~~~~- /~~~~~~

HlunanProvince o .,I, 1oni Budre

culn t ((e Re, Lake Figtirc 2.2-4 A j W 1-6 V% 5 ; ! 1 3;( -Ar -C) It ffi1 Typical Rk-ctllement Area Location in Hunan Province N

25. =Hubei Province

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~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~*I

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71 t t \t/-*4^ 4 )>Legend K0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~i Localgon of PCo.ple PoviniMa Boundaries CJ, ';9C'.CX'IAt _) s t 8 \ / to |I 1riCurrent

\JI\ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Rive'sI Lake%

Blridges nH Lc.e,, e, b

Flood Diversion Gate% Mabrt a Major Road

\lE- Safi, Platforn Counties Cihes) 3tyA 1 l Y,.ejang Boundaries u / | MjiAr mAN, ______Note: Cuirrently people rcside ut1 various locations along the Dykc Culvert Gates Planning Road 2.4-1 g-R|ti jlhot1mT T,' FIGURE 2.4-1 SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF TYPICAL DIKE SECTION Fhk Wave-brcakwall

0I' Cutoff wall FMI RoadV34.47mUirlnlfirJii Designed dyke section

Designed flood level :3.0 t roof by pressed and dipped vi_iti4LAt. 32.47m 1:3.0

il- Q§J8I 1:3. / \ 7su ~ t :3.0 MJiffiil Ground Original slope surface to be pareoJ- Original dyke section A/-__? Designed low water leveT - \ / "sX1A)JVik Pondstobefilled

V ittiA~ ~ix20.$1 $ PJR Slope protection with prefabric co crect'rc tCi11 Original ground line

fiT IitsiM]aggregate pavings i4tJ'PJ)t Slope protcction with grecnsward \#XiY'';t Bank protection with jacked stone

tI¶t i IsftJŽThJ#§ 'b, w 1 'i ffzlii!t;-;f IAtl§WlFf-R7(JlTh il i4Wi#J~j2{ I.II.}-)I -tjtt

Note: Besides slope protection with prefabricate concrete, masonry and loose stone laying, ttirf paving and wave-break forest plantation will be done on the bank slope. Grouting of termite forinicaries is considered in construction of intercept wall. TFlercinlto intercept wall and jackstone project will still be constructed according to former layout with domestic funds but not withi Wil loan. YBFCP/EIA FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Figure 2.7-1 Sketch-mapof the Project ManagementSystem

ProjectManagement Director

Project Management Offices

onstruction inancial onsul tive department RS Office EMO epartment epartnient

Engineer ECIs (including environmental Supervisor supervisor)

csE Table 2.1-1 Condition of Dykes Involved in Project Starting and ending D)yke Crest lheighit Crest No. Subitenits Location points length (m) width Sloperatio Dykehazards ______~~~~~~~__~~~~ _ _ _ _ _M__ _ __ ~~(kini)______Songzi dyke Zlwt'fi-igiawa 2.24 0.4-1.14intnoberaisd 5-7) : 251-: 2.87 1: 2.7-1: 2.8 Piping, scattered seepage, wave scouring, outer bank Jingnan truck ______failure, etc. 1 dyke of rukthe ngAloIU de OMgia~WnPiaEti 1026 0.4-1.4mtoberaised 5-7 1 2.8-1 309 1: 3.09,1: 3 22 Yangtze River GCgxantnrkdyke W iaiXint 96.00 0.5-i 29mto be raised 4-6 1: 2.66-1 3-36 1: 2.5-1: 366 dyke XinLCkipu' mtw 80.82 0.7-1.93mtoberaised 5-6 1 2.1-1 3.8 1: 2.97-1:3.44 Siyonggong dyke . 17.19 29.56-31.18 4-10 1:3 1.3 Wuli dyke 3' l|W ta 4.6 29.57~30.53 3-7 1:3 1:3

Wujin____dyke__Wujin dyke YgotYAaaJinrdWutaiilia 290729. 067 292993water,28.92-29.93 . Piping,softened wide seepage, inner dikeleakage foot,hole bank of failure clean water and mud Cantonal dyke WiVaiAia-Xiadnhe 21. 08 29.62-30.12 Wuhui dyke lf =hnini 24.62 28.3-30.42 6-8 1:3 1:3 Junshan dyke Xiwjtx al*nst 6. 8 29.09-30.24 6-8.5 1:2,5 13 Wuhan trutik Shaniao dyke h 1. 7 29.09-30.63 6-7 1:3 1:3 2 dyke of the Zhulinhu dyke H=WindQiawan 1.85 28.83-30.63 5-6.5 1:3 1:2.5 Yangtze River Lanlihu dyke Xa Hu h 6. 5 30.07-30.37 Jiangyong dyke Thichuk-Xujiabo 3. 72 30.07-30.57 Yingwu dyke Tatchu;"u-9w ai 6.93 28.92-29.92 Yanjiang dyke !Iii in Dijia 12. 99 28.94-29.65 Chenjiaji dyke DitiK-lxluoxku 5. 7 dyke X liui 18.765 28.156-28.67 6-15 1:2.5-1:3 1:2.5-1:3 Chaibohu dyke VtUnXiagdushan 5.04 28.542-28.708 8 1:3 1.:3 Dulong dyke l lha 29.25 27.509-28.402 8 1:3 1:3 E'zhou trunk Piping, wide seepage, wave scouring, cracks, slope flake, 3 dyke ofthe 13apu dyke MuagltetoYangm(ikte 43.60 26.0-28.0 8-12 1: 3 1: 3 bank failure

Yangtze River______ruaggngTrn;Chanigchejigdyke 30.775 28.21-30.20 Hluaniggang Trunk Caghn ye___ 4 dyke of the Xujialiu gate- 6-8 1: 3 1: 3 Leakageof dike base, shallow coveringlayer, piping,leakag Yangtze River Dulongdyke Liuifangwan 15.541 28.3 -34 of clean water

Upper sector of Huiar I : 4.0-1: 5.5 wave scouring, piping,landslide, slope flake,ternite hole u lunan trunk dyke tnnkdyke Wuthlxp 76.02 35-36..5 7-8 (inside and outsidetotal slope) d ykes 5 of the Yangtze . River LoversectorofJiangxtdi lIt1IOi5le 1Ztfl .61.024 34-35 5-7 1: 2.0-1 : 2.5 1: 1.5--i: 2.5 tead trainkdyke Note:This table is preparedaccordinig to referencelitelauaTetRel. 103,104,106,1071 YBFCP / ELAFINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DISCRIPTION

Table 2.2-1 Project Components and Protected Area

Province Sub-project Involvedand Protected Area

Jingnan Dyke Jingzhou city: county, Jingzhou , GongAn county, Shishou city Wuhan city: Wuhan city, county, Wuhan Dyke. Hubei W city, Qianjiang cityV Huanggangcity: Tuanfengcounty, Huangzbou Huanggang Dyke district, Xishui county, , county

Ezhou Bapu Dyke Ezhou city and Wuhan city, Huangshicity, partof Xianning city

Yueyangcity: ,, Qianlianghu Hunan Improving Yangtze embankmentarea, , Linxiang city, downtownarea of Dyke Yueyangcity, Yueyangcounty, Huanggaihu embankmentarea Note: This table is prepared according to referenceliterature [Ref.103, 104, 106, 130].

2-18 Table 2.2-2 Summaries of Main Quantities of Work of Project

Excavation Fill-U3P Masonry Concrete Gravel Grouting Reinforced Wave Break Turf revetment High pressure 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 2 Province No. Sub-project (10 m ) (10 m ) (10 m ) (10mn) (10 m ) (km) Steel (t) Forest (10) (104M2) Spray (m ) I Jingnan Dyke 88.11 633.01 4.42 1.62 6.01 8.00 146.47 66.25 84.29

2 Wuhan Dyke 152.26 1468.07 22.02 53.19 5.08 112.6 1648.7 30.05 623.21 Hubei 3 Ezhou Dyke 0.28 169.45 2.21 0.06 4.99 43.60 46.99 15.36 33.65

4 Huanggang Dyke 42.33 319.19 8.50 2.41 6.25 24.00 1250.20 120.78

Hunan 5 Yangtze dyke in 132.82 1881.43 36.73 17.19 19.90 2353.00 469.97 88800 Hunan Province

Total 415.8 4471.15 73.88 74.47 42.23 188.2 5445.36 111.66 1331.9 88800 Note: This table is prepared accordingto reference literature [Ref.103, 104, 106,130]. N'BFCP/EIA FINAL REPORT CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DISCRIPTION

Table 2.2-3 Summary of Propertv Losses Result from Relocation Item Unit Hubei | Hunan Total Quantity Quantity

1. Relocation

a) household 4011 4,644 8.655

b) resettler Person 17043 19.213 36.256

c) removed house M2 741.770 1.029,000 1.770,770

2. Land occupation Mu 12.827 18,577 31,404

a) Farmland Mu 5,911 10,139 16.050

b) Fish pond Mu 2.841 1,213 4,054

c) Forestland Mu 3,504 2,443 5,947

d) Others Mu 3,825 4,781 8,606

3. Infrastructure

a) Hig voltage km 128.71 49.60 178.31 transmission line

b) communication and km 455.7 133.27 588.97 broadcasting line

4. Others

a) Fence wall m2 127,971 87,386 215,357

b) Bleachery m2 303,900 160,031 463,931

c) Well Pcs 143 1,240 1,383

d) Scattered tree Individual 66,638 143,903 210,541 Note: This Table is prepared teferring to Ref 123, 124, and 125.

2-20 Table 2.4-1 Construction Schedule

Province Major Year 1998 Year 1999 Year 2000 Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003

Items 8 9 101 12 1 2 3 _ 5 6 7 8 _ 101 _ 12 1 21 3 4 5_ 6 7 81 910 11|12 121 3 4 5 6 7 819 t 11 12 1 2 31 4 5| 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 21 314 56 Construction Preparation Hubei Dyke body Dyke base Crossing-dyke structure Dyke body _ Hunan Dyke base Crossing-dyke

structile is a - Note: This table is prapared accordiong to reference literature[REF. 105,106,1301. YBFCP / EIA FINAL REPORT CHAPTE R 2: PROJECT DISCRJFTION

Table 2.6-1 Summary of Economic Analysis of Project

Net Present Value Province Benifit-Cost Ratio Internal Rate of (10.000 vuan) Return (%)

Hunan 290,018 2.7 35

Hubei 978,263 5.0 55

2-22 Table 2.8-1 Summaries of Project Characteristics

No Items Unit Quantity Remarks I Design flood reach can fight 100-year-recurrenceflood at , the reach below Chenglingi can control standard fight flood of 1954-type. 2 Designfloodlevel M Shashi 45.0, Shishou 40.08, 37.23, Chenglingji 34.4, Ltuoshan31.63, Xintankou 31.44, Wuhan city 29.73,Huangzhou28.20, ITuangshi27.50, Wuxue 24.50, Xiaochi 23.25, llukou 22.50, (Wusongelevation) 3 Benefits from flood control

(a) Totalarea kM2 14834.78

(b) Farmiand area 106 mu 926.47 (c) People protected 106person 1254.62 4 Main structures (a) Earth dyke Property of the dyke Duality structure Maximumheight of the dyke M 13 Width of the dyke-top M 8- 10 Ratio of inner to outer slopes I : 3 Length of dyke Km 416 (b) Flood control wall Type Maximumheight M 12 Hubei Length Km 19.2 Hubei

Note: Planning for each province is consistent with TOR for Overall basin flood control plarning by Yangtze Basin Commissioni. Table2.8-1 Summaries of Project Characteristics (Continued)

(c) Revetment Type of revetment Thick of revetment M 0.1/0.3 (d) Treatmentof seepage segment Methods(dyke body/basis) (e) Structures crossingthe dyke Reconstructionand Rehabilitation Set 114 5 Resettlementand land occupation House relocation m2 1,770,770

Populationto be resettled Person 36,256 Land occupation Mu 31,404 In which, farmland Mu 16,050 6 Project construction (a) Materials and labors Reinforcedbar and steel T 5445.36 Total labor days 106days 29.898 Hunan (b) Overall constructionperiod Year 2 - 3

7 Project-budget-Estimate Total investment 109 About 4.0 Domesticand foreign capital Economicnet present value 109 Domesticand foreign capital,Hubei 97.8, Hunan29 Table2.8-1 Summaries of Project Characteristics (Continued)

Ratio of benefits to costs 2.7-5.0 Domestic and foreign capital, Hubei 5.0, H4unan2.7

8 Project management and institution Including project management and environmental management. Institutions of project management establishment and environmental management will be set up at levels of province, prefecture and county, respectively in the three provinces. A coordinator fromithe World Bank will be responsible for the coordination. (a) Institution for project management Composed of project leading groups and project management offices of all levels, responsible for project management, technical management and financial management. (b) Institution for environmental Composed of environmental management institutions of all levels, responsible for organization of management implementation of environmental protection measures and environmental monitoring, dealing with environmental accidents. (c) Environmental monitoring plan A dozen of parameters, such as resettlement, land usc, aquatic life, public health, dyke stability, is to -o ______be monitored, referring to Chapter 5 for details. 9 Comparison of alternatives non-project and other alternatives are considered at this stage. (a) Non-project altemative Analyzed are problems of existing dyke and thieir-induced economic losses uinder non-project. (b) Other alternatives Including diversion and storage pi-oject, Raising the dykes highier than the desigined standards, and non-project alternatives. Note: This table is prepared accordingto reference literature [Ref.103, 104,106, 129,130,131].