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(Ict): a Veritable Tool for Tourism Development in Nigeria

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(Ict): a Veritable Tool for Tourism Development in Nigeria Information Technology for People-Centred Development (ITePED 2011) INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT): A VERITABLE TOOL FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA S.E. Ogbu1, S. Idris2 and A.B. Ijagbemi3. 1,2,3Federal College of Wildlife Management P.M.B. 268, New Bussa, Niger State. ABSTACT It is fact that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has reshaped our everyday lives and the society in general. It has turned the world to a global village where an individual can access what is happening in the other parts of the world at a glance. It is in light of this that efforts were made to discuss the importance of ICT in the development of tourism in Nigeria. This work has demonstrated various ways by which ICTs have been adapted for the course in tourism. The benefits inherent in this technology are immense. It was revealed that almost every tourism products can be sold online without the consumer necessarily visiting the place before making any choice since tourism products are not already manufactured goods. Booking of flights and hotel reservations can be done online through e-mail, telephone calls and other internet services thereby helping to reduce if not remove entirely the time wasting processes of the old system. It is therefore obvious that its adoption is necessary for proper inclusion in these benefits and for sustainable tourism. Key words: Communication, Development, Information, Technology, Tourism 1.0 INTRODUCTION business and other purposes (Deighton, Information communication techno- 1996). Tourism is rapidly growing into one logy (ICTS) means the use of computer of the largest industries in the world. Its system and telecommunication equipment in potential role as a veritable instrument for information processing. It is the amalgama- economic progress of any nation cannot be tion of computer, communication and ignored (Undeme, 2010). electronics to acquire, process, store and Tourism can be classified under two disseminate vocal, textual, pictorial and forms: Internal (Domestic) and International numerical information by micro- electronic- tourism. It can be historical/ archeological, based equipments. Important of ICT; it eco-touristic, recreational or educational. It enhance distribution of information at a can relate to business, Culture or religion glance, it is use for storages, retrieval and .However, it can also be perceived from the dissemination of information. It enhance aspects of safari, environmental, youth and buying and selling of goods and services adult. Werthner and Klein (1997) observed online (e-commerce). It is also used in that tourism services and products are based banking operation (e-banking), offices, even on confidence, information and in the tourism industries. Tourism is the communication. temporary short–term movement of people Tourism is acknowledged to be very to destinations outside the place where they information intensive. In fact, Sheldon normally live and work as well as day visits (1993) described information as the „life or excursion. It involves the activities of blood‟ of the industry. He further stated that, persons travelling to and staying in places without it, the industry cannot function outside their usual environment for not more effectively. Before a trip can be embarked than one consecutive year for leisure, on, tourists need information in order to plan NIGERIA COMPUTER SOCIETY (NCS): 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE – JULY 25-29, 2011 and choose between options. They also need This is a non-experimental and information as the trip progresses since explorative study. It focuses on Information annual holidays or even the weekend breaks and Communication Technology (ICT) with are increasingly associated with enormous particular concern on its effects on tourism financial and emotional risks. In western development in Nigeria. As an opinionated society, time has become a scarce paper, this study is exploring previous works commodity and, particularly for couples, on ICT and Tourism, while the process of synchronically shared time is even elusive. induction and deduction was equally For many consumers, their annual holidays adopted in the process of analysis and represent a major emotional investment that interpretation of data. The main aim of this cannot easily be placed if something goes work is for appreciation of how ICT and wrong (Pollock, 1995). Therefore, since Tourism influence one another. On the other travelers cannot pre- test the product or hands, it also hopes to highlight the need for easily get their money back if the trip does stakeholders in tourism to take this not measure up to their expectations, access rampaging technology into cognizance and to accurate, reliable, timely and relevant see the need to harness it for sustainable information is essential to help them make tourism in the country. Specific attention is appropriate choices. As Buhalis (1997) being focused on internet-based Information points out “the greater the degree of and Communication Technologies (ICTs). perceived risk in a pre –purchase context, the greater the consumer propensity to seek 2.1 Information Technology and its information about the product”. Unlike Roles in Tourism manufactured goods, tourism products Information technology (IT) is a cannot be inspected prior to purchase; driving force in the current information therefore it is almost completely dependent driven society. Its role in the tourism on representations and descriptions to help industry cannot be quantified. It facilitate consumers make a purchase decision (Go trading partner with other industries, provide and Pine, 1995). Tourism products are also facilities, distribution of product and fixed geographically. Thus customers must services, provide information online to travel and in effect consume the product in consumers in order to plan their trip, create a order to experience what they are buying new business environment and also help (Bennett, 2003). Individual tourism products tourism professionals to define the are diverse, and in many cases it is this boundaries of the proposed tour site and its heterogeneity which makes them attractive surroundings. It gives information on in the first place. In addition, tourism weather, altitude and other information to products are rarely bought individually, and pilot on board. It help tourist on air to the endless combinations and permutations communicate during emergency and also to of alternative travel routes, transportation other pilot on airplanes with traffic control modes, time and lodging accommodation station. Information is very important at make travel decisions difficult even for the every stage in the sales cycle of the tourism initiated (Kaven, 1974).suppliers, therefore, product (Pollock, 1995a). Information must face a challenge, which Kaven has be able to flow quickly and accurately poetically described as trying to gain between the client, intermediaries and each identity with untold millions of customers of the tourism suppliers involved in covering the whole spectrum of incomes, servicing the client‟s need. interests, knowledge, sophistication and The amalgamation of Computer and needs. telecommunications has become an almost universal feature of the tourism industry 2.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND (Bennett, 2003). Its power allows PURPOSE OF THE STUDY information to be managed more effectively NIGERIA COMPUTER SOCIETY (NCS): 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE – JULY 25-29, 2011 and transported worldwide almost instantly In Nigeria the birth of tourism come (Frew and Pringle, 1995).As a result, it had to light in 1960 when it got independent and continues to have a major effect on the with the flow of tourist of different kinds methods of operation in the tourism into the country. However, this manifested industry. However, it has not affected all early in 1962 when the Nigeria Tourist functions and sectors equally. As Poon Association (NTA) was formed as semi- (2003) points out, it is having the greatest public sector having direct participation in impact on the marketing and distribution the formulation of government policies on functions. Airlines use technology to tourism. The association had its members manage and streamline their operations and coming from the federal government, Shell gain strategic advantage .Information Company, Tobacco Company, private technology has reshaped our commerce and Hoteliers, Airport hotels, some foreign society in general. Goods and services are airlines and the national carrier. In 1976, provided to the consumers online (e- decree No 54 of 1976 reconstituted the NTA commerce, e-governance, e- banking) to to Nigeria Tourism Board (NTB). In July 10 mention but few. McGuffie (2004) posit 1990, the then vice president Augustus that tourism enterprises need to understand, Aikhomu reviewed the board at Eko Holiday incorporate and utilize IT strategically in Inn. However, in 1992, decree 81 of order to serve their target markets, improve December was promulgated to give birth to their efficiency, maximize profitability, the Nigeria Tourism Development enhance services and maintain long-term Corporation (NTDC).Through this decree, profit. every state in Nigeria was required to form Tourism Board at the state and Tourism 2.2 Evolution and Development of committee at Local Government level. In Tourism 2004, the National Assembly re-affirmed The mass tourism that exists in many this through an Act of the parliament and its parts of the world today has its origins in the amendments. years immediately
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